Adding upstream version 1:4.13+dfsg1.upstream/1%4.13+dfsg1upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

680 files changed, 239756 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/man/Makefile.am b/man/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4382df6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+
+# subdirectories for translated manual pages
+if USE_NLS
+SUBDIRS = po cs da de es fi fr hu id it ja ko pl pt_BR ru sv tr uk zh_CN zh_TW
+else
+SUBDIRS =
+endif
+
+man_MANS = \
+	man1/chage.1 \
+	man1/chfn.1 \
+	man8/chgpasswd.8 \
+	man8/chpasswd.8 \
+	man1/chsh.1 \
+	man1/expiry.1 \
+	man5/faillog.5 \
+	man8/faillog.8 \
+	man3/getspnam.3 \
+	man1/gpasswd.1 \
+	man8/groupadd.8 \
+	man8/groupdel.8 \
+	man8/groupmems.8 \
+	man8/groupmod.8 \
+	man1/groups.1 \
+	man8/grpck.8 \
+	man8/grpconv.8 \
+	man8/grpunconv.8 \
+	man5/gshadow.5 \
+	man8/lastlog.8 \
+	man1/login.1 \
+	man5/login.defs.5 \
+	man8/logoutd.8 \
+	man1/newgrp.1 \
+	man8/newusers.8 \
+	man8/nologin.8 \
+	man1/passwd.1 \
+	man5/passwd.5 \
+	man8/pwck.8 \
+	man8/pwconv.8 \
+	man8/pwunconv.8 \
+	man1/sg.1 \
+	man3/shadow.3 \
+	man5/shadow.5 \
+	man5/suauth.5 \
+	man8/useradd.8 \
+	man8/userdel.8 \
+	man8/usermod.8 \
+	man8/vigr.8 \
+	man8/vipw.8
+
+man_nopam = \
+	man5/limits.5 \
+	man5/login.access.5 \
+	man5/porttime.5
+
+if WITH_SU
+man_MANS += man1/su.1
+endif
+
+if !USE_PAM
+man_MANS += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+man_subids = \
+	man1/getsubids.1 \
+	man1/newgidmap.1 \
+	man1/newuidmap.1 \
+	man5/subgid.5 \
+	man5/subuid.5
+
+if ENABLE_SUBIDS
+man_MANS += $(man_subids)
+endif
+
+man_XMANS = \
+	chage.1.xml \
+	chfn.1.xml \
+	chgpasswd.8.xml \
+	chpasswd.8.xml \
+	chsh.1.xml \
+	expiry.1.xml \
+	faillog.5.xml \
+	faillog.8.xml \
+	getsubids.1.xml \
+	gpasswd.1.xml \
+	groupadd.8.xml \
+	groupdel.8.xml \
+	groupmems.8.xml \
+	groupmod.8.xml \
+	groups.1.xml \
+	grpck.8.xml \
+	gshadow.5.xml \
+	lastlog.8.xml \
+	limits.5.xml \
+	login.1.xml \
+	login.access.5.xml \
+	login.defs.5.xml \
+	logoutd.8.xml \
+	newgidmap.1.xml \
+	newgrp.1.xml \
+	newuidmap.1.xml \
+	newusers.8.xml \
+	nologin.8.xml \
+	passwd.1.xml \
+	passwd.5.xml \
+	porttime.5.xml \
+	pwck.8.xml \
+	pwconv.8.xml \
+	shadow.3.xml \
+	shadow.5.xml \
+	sg.1.xml \
+	su.1.xml \
+	suauth.5.xml \
+	subgid.5.xml \
+	subuid.5.xml \
+	useradd.8.xml \
+	userdel.8.xml \
+	usermod.8.xml \
+	vipw.8.xml
+
+login_defs_v = \
+	CHFN_AUTH.xml \
+	CHFN_RESTRICT.xml \
+	CHSH_AUTH.xml \
+	CONSOLE.xml \
+	CONSOLE_GROUPS.xml \
+	CREATE_HOME.xml \
+	DEFAULT_HOME.xml \
+	ENCRYPT_METHOD.xml \
+	ENV_HZ.xml \
+	ENVIRON_FILE.xml \
+	ENV_PATH.xml \
+	ENV_SUPATH.xml \
+	ENV_TZ.xml \
+	ERASECHAR.xml \
+	FAIL_DELAY.xml \
+	FAILLOG_ENAB.xml \
+	FAKE_SHELL.xml \
+	FTMP_FILE.xml \
+	GID_MAX.xml \
+	HMAC_CRYPTO_ALGO.xml \
+	HOME_MODE.xml \
+	HUSHLOGIN_FILE.xml \
+	ISSUE_FILE.xml \
+	KILLCHAR.xml \
+	LASTLOG_ENAB.xml \
+	LASTLOG_UID_MAX.xml \
+	LOGIN_RETRIES.xml \
+	LOGIN_STRING.xml \
+	LOGIN_TIMEOUT.xml \
+	LOG_OK_LOGINS.xml \
+	LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB.xml \
+	MAIL_CHECK_ENAB.xml \
+	MAIL_DIR.xml \
+	MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml \
+	MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.xml \
+	MOTD_FILE.xml \
+	NOLOGINS_FILE.xml \
+	NONEXISTENT.xml \
+	OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB.xml \
+	PASS_ALWAYS_WARN.xml \
+	PASS_CHANGE_TRIES.xml \
+	PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml \
+	PASS_MAX_LEN.xml \
+	PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml \
+	PASS_WARN_AGE.xml \
+	PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB.xml \
+	QUOTAS_ENAB.xml \
+	SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS.xml \
+	SULOG_FILE.xml \
+	SU_NAME.xml \
+	SU_WHEEL_ONLY.xml \
+	SYSLOG_SG_ENAB.xml \
+	SYSLOG_SU_ENAB.xml \
+	TCB_AUTH_GROUP.xml \
+	TCB_SYMLINKS.xml \
+	TTYGROUP.xml \
+	TTYTYPE_FILE.xml \
+	UID_MAX.xml \
+	ULIMIT.xml \
+	UMASK.xml \
+	USERDEL_CMD.xml \
+	USERGROUPS_ENAB.xml \
+	USE_TCB.xml \
+	SUB_GID_COUNT.xml \
+	SUB_UID_COUNT.xml \
+	SYS_GID_MAX.xml \
+	SYS_UID_MAX.xml
+
+EXTRA_DIST = \
+	$(man_MANS) \
+	$(man_XMANS) \
+	$(addprefix login.defs.d/,$(login_defs_v)) \
+	man1/id.1 \
+	id.1.xml \
+	man8/sulogin.8 \
+	sulogin.8.xml \
+	generate_mans.mak \
+	generate_translations.mak
+
+if USE_PAM
+EXTRA_DIST += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+if !ENABLE_SUBIDS
+EXTRA_DIST += $(man_subids)
+endif
+
+generate_mans.deps: *.xml
+	echo "# This file is generated" > $@
+	awk 'BEGIN{FS="\"";} /^<!ENTITY .* * SYSTEM ".*">$$/{ f=FILENAME; sub(/.xml/,"",f); print "man" substr(f, length (f)) "/" f ": " $$2 }' $(man_XMANS) >> $@
+
+if ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@include generate_mans.deps
+
+include generate_mans.mak
+
+CLEANFILES = $(man_MANS) man1/id.1 man8/sulogin.8
+
+else
+$(man_MANS):
+	@echo ""
+	@echo "Error: you need to run configure with '--enable-man'"
+	@echo "       in order to regenerate man pages."
+	@echo ""
+endif
diff --git a/man/Makefile.in b/man/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa8a0ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,1090 @@
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+abs_top_builddir = @abs_top_builddir@
+abs_top_srcdir = @abs_top_srcdir@
+ac_ct_AR = @ac_ct_AR@
+ac_ct_CC = @ac_ct_CC@
+ac_ct_DUMPBIN = @ac_ct_DUMPBIN@
+am__include = @am__include@
+am__leading_dot = @am__leading_dot@
+am__quote = @am__quote@
+am__tar = @am__tar@
+am__untar = @am__untar@
+bindir = @bindir@
+build = @build@
+build_alias = @build_alias@
+build_cpu = @build_cpu@
+build_os = @build_os@
+build_vendor = @build_vendor@
+builddir = @builddir@
+capcmd = @capcmd@
+datadir = @datadir@
+datarootdir = @datarootdir@
+docdir = @docdir@
+dvidir = @dvidir@
+exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@
+host = @host@
+host_alias = @host_alias@
+host_cpu = @host_cpu@
+host_os = @host_os@
+host_vendor = @host_vendor@
+htmldir = @htmldir@
+includedir = @includedir@
+infodir = @infodir@
+install_sh = @install_sh@
+libdir = @libdir@
+libexecdir = @libexecdir@
+localedir = @localedir@
+localstatedir = @localstatedir@
+mandir = @mandir@
+mkdir_p = @mkdir_p@
+oldincludedir = @oldincludedir@
+pdfdir = @pdfdir@
+prefix = @prefix@
+program_transform_name = @program_transform_name@
+psdir = @psdir@
+runstatedir = @runstatedir@
+sbindir = @sbindir@
+sharedstatedir = @sharedstatedir@
+srcdir = @srcdir@
+sysconfdir = @sysconfdir@
+target_alias = @target_alias@
+top_build_prefix = @top_build_prefix@
+top_builddir = @top_builddir@
+top_srcdir = @top_srcdir@
+@USE_NLS_FALSE@SUBDIRS = 
+
+# subdirectories for translated manual pages
+@USE_NLS_TRUE@SUBDIRS = po cs da de es fi fr hu id it ja ko pl pt_BR ru sv tr uk zh_CN zh_TW
+man_MANS = man1/chage.1 man1/chfn.1 man8/chgpasswd.8 man8/chpasswd.8 \
+	man1/chsh.1 man1/expiry.1 man5/faillog.5 man8/faillog.8 \
+	man3/getspnam.3 man1/gpasswd.1 man8/groupadd.8 man8/groupdel.8 \
+	man8/groupmems.8 man8/groupmod.8 man1/groups.1 man8/grpck.8 \
+	man8/grpconv.8 man8/grpunconv.8 man5/gshadow.5 man8/lastlog.8 \
+	man1/login.1 man5/login.defs.5 man8/logoutd.8 man1/newgrp.1 \
+	man8/newusers.8 man8/nologin.8 man1/passwd.1 man5/passwd.5 \
+	man8/pwck.8 man8/pwconv.8 man8/pwunconv.8 man1/sg.1 \
+	man3/shadow.3 man5/shadow.5 man5/suauth.5 man8/useradd.8 \
+	man8/userdel.8 man8/usermod.8 man8/vigr.8 man8/vipw.8 \
+	$(am__append_1) $(am__append_2) $(am__append_3)
+man_nopam = \
+	man5/limits.5 \
+	man5/login.access.5 \
+	man5/porttime.5
+
+man_subids = \
+	man1/getsubids.1 \
+	man1/newgidmap.1 \
+	man1/newuidmap.1 \
+	man5/subgid.5 \
+	man5/subuid.5
+
+man_XMANS = \
+	chage.1.xml \
+	chfn.1.xml \
+	chgpasswd.8.xml \
+	chpasswd.8.xml \
+	chsh.1.xml \
+	expiry.1.xml \
+	faillog.5.xml \
+	faillog.8.xml \
+	getsubids.1.xml \
+	gpasswd.1.xml \
+	groupadd.8.xml \
+	groupdel.8.xml \
+	groupmems.8.xml \
+	groupmod.8.xml \
+	groups.1.xml \
+	grpck.8.xml \
+	gshadow.5.xml \
+	lastlog.8.xml \
+	limits.5.xml \
+	login.1.xml \
+	login.access.5.xml \
+	login.defs.5.xml \
+	logoutd.8.xml \
+	newgidmap.1.xml \
+	newgrp.1.xml \
+	newuidmap.1.xml \
+	newusers.8.xml \
+	nologin.8.xml \
+	passwd.1.xml \
+	passwd.5.xml \
+	porttime.5.xml \
+	pwck.8.xml \
+	pwconv.8.xml \
+	shadow.3.xml \
+	shadow.5.xml \
+	sg.1.xml \
+	su.1.xml \
+	suauth.5.xml \
+	subgid.5.xml \
+	subuid.5.xml \
+	useradd.8.xml \
+	userdel.8.xml \
+	usermod.8.xml \
+	vipw.8.xml
+
+login_defs_v = \
+	CHFN_AUTH.xml \
+	CHFN_RESTRICT.xml \
+	CHSH_AUTH.xml \
+	CONSOLE.xml \
+	CONSOLE_GROUPS.xml \
+	CREATE_HOME.xml \
+	DEFAULT_HOME.xml \
+	ENCRYPT_METHOD.xml \
+	ENV_HZ.xml \
+	ENVIRON_FILE.xml \
+	ENV_PATH.xml \
+	ENV_SUPATH.xml \
+	ENV_TZ.xml \
+	ERASECHAR.xml \
+	FAIL_DELAY.xml \
+	FAILLOG_ENAB.xml \
+	FAKE_SHELL.xml \
+	FTMP_FILE.xml \
+	GID_MAX.xml \
+	HMAC_CRYPTO_ALGO.xml \
+	HOME_MODE.xml \
+	HUSHLOGIN_FILE.xml \
+	ISSUE_FILE.xml \
+	KILLCHAR.xml \
+	LASTLOG_ENAB.xml \
+	LASTLOG_UID_MAX.xml \
+	LOGIN_RETRIES.xml \
+	LOGIN_STRING.xml \
+	LOGIN_TIMEOUT.xml \
+	LOG_OK_LOGINS.xml \
+	LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB.xml \
+	MAIL_CHECK_ENAB.xml \
+	MAIL_DIR.xml \
+	MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml \
+	MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.xml \
+	MOTD_FILE.xml \
+	NOLOGINS_FILE.xml \
+	NONEXISTENT.xml \
+	OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB.xml \
+	PASS_ALWAYS_WARN.xml \
+	PASS_CHANGE_TRIES.xml \
+	PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml \
+	PASS_MAX_LEN.xml \
+	PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml \
+	PASS_WARN_AGE.xml \
+	PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB.xml \
+	QUOTAS_ENAB.xml \
+	SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS.xml \
+	SULOG_FILE.xml \
+	SU_NAME.xml \
+	SU_WHEEL_ONLY.xml \
+	SYSLOG_SG_ENAB.xml \
+	SYSLOG_SU_ENAB.xml \
+	TCB_AUTH_GROUP.xml \
+	TCB_SYMLINKS.xml \
+	TTYGROUP.xml \
+	TTYTYPE_FILE.xml \
+	UID_MAX.xml \
+	ULIMIT.xml \
+	UMASK.xml \
+	USERDEL_CMD.xml \
+	USERGROUPS_ENAB.xml \
+	USE_TCB.xml \
+	SUB_GID_COUNT.xml \
+	SUB_UID_COUNT.xml \
+	SYS_GID_MAX.xml \
+	SYS_UID_MAX.xml
+
+EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS) $(man_XMANS) $(addprefix \
+	login.defs.d/,$(login_defs_v)) man1/id.1 id.1.xml \
+	man8/sulogin.8 sulogin.8.xml generate_mans.mak \
+	generate_translations.mak $(am__append_4) $(am__append_5)
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@USE_PAM_FALSE@PAM_COND = no_pam
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@USE_PAM_TRUE@PAM_COND = pam
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@SHADOWGRP_FALSE@SHADOWGRP_COND = no_gshadow
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@SHADOWGRP_TRUE@SHADOWGRP_COND = gshadow
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@WITH_TCB_FALSE@TCB_COND = no_tcb
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@WITH_TCB_TRUE@TCB_COND = tcb
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@USE_SHA_CRYPT_FALSE@SHA_CRYPT_COND = no_sha_crypt
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@USE_SHA_CRYPT_TRUE@SHA_CRYPT_COND = sha_crypt
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@ENABLE_SUBIDS_FALSE@SUBIDS_COND = no_subids
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@ENABLE_SUBIDS_TRUE@SUBIDS_COND = subids
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@CLEANFILES = $(man_MANS) man1/id.1 man8/sulogin.8
+all: all-recursive
+
+.SUFFIXES:
+$(srcdir)/Makefile.in: @MAINTAINER_MODE_TRUE@ $(srcdir)/Makefile.am $(srcdir)/generate_mans.mak $(am__configure_deps)
+	@for dep in $?; do \
+	  case '$(am__configure_deps)' in \
+	    *$$dep*) \
+	      ( cd $(top_builddir) && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) am--refresh ) \
+	        && { if test -f $@; then exit 0; else break; fi; }; \
+	      exit 1;; \
+	  esac; \
+	done; \
+	echo ' cd $(top_srcdir) && $(AUTOMAKE) --foreign man/Makefile'; \
+	$(am__cd) $(top_srcdir) && \
+	  $(AUTOMAKE) --foreign man/Makefile
+Makefile: $(srcdir)/Makefile.in $(top_builddir)/config.status
+	@case '$?' in \
+	  *config.status*) \
+	    cd $(top_builddir) && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) am--refresh;; \
+	  *) \
+	    echo ' cd $(top_builddir) && $(SHELL) ./config.status $(subdir)/$@ $(am__maybe_remake_depfiles)'; \
+	    cd $(top_builddir) && $(SHELL) ./config.status $(subdir)/$@ $(am__maybe_remake_depfiles);; \
+	esac;
+$(srcdir)/generate_mans.mak $(am__empty):
+
+$(top_builddir)/config.status: $(top_srcdir)/configure $(CONFIG_STATUS_DEPENDENCIES)
+	cd $(top_builddir) && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) am--refresh
+
+$(top_srcdir)/configure: @MAINTAINER_MODE_TRUE@ $(am__configure_deps)
+	cd $(top_builddir) && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) am--refresh
+$(ACLOCAL_M4): @MAINTAINER_MODE_TRUE@ $(am__aclocal_m4_deps)
+	cd $(top_builddir) && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) am--refresh
+$(am__aclocal_m4_deps):
+config.xml: $(top_builddir)/config.status $(srcdir)/config.xml.in
+	cd $(top_builddir) && $(SHELL) ./config.status $(subdir)/$@
+
+mostlyclean-libtool:
+	-rm -f *.lo
+
+clean-libtool:
+	-rm -rf .libs _libs
+install-man1: $(man_MANS)
+	@$(NORMAL_INSTALL)
+	@list1=''; \
+	list2='$(man_MANS)'; \
+	test -n "$(man1dir)" \
+	  && test -n "`echo $$list1$$list2`" \
+	  || exit 0; \
+	echo " $(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)'"; \
+	$(MKDIR_P) "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)" || exit 1; \
+	{ for i in $$list1; do echo "$$i"; done;  \
+	if test -n "$$list2"; then \
+	  for i in $$list2; do echo "$$i"; done \
+	    | sed -n '/\.1[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	fi; \
+	} | while read p; do \
+	  if test -f $$p; then d=; else d="$(srcdir)/"; fi; \
+	  echo "$$d$$p"; echo "$$p"; \
+	done | \
+	sed -e 'n;s,.*/,,;p;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^1][0-9a-z]*$$,1,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,' | \
+	sed 'N;N;s,\n, ,g' | { \
+	list=; while read file base inst; do \
+	  if test "$$base" = "$$inst"; then list="$$list $$file"; else \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) '$$file' '$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/$$inst'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) "$$file" "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/$$inst" || exit $$?; \
+	  fi; \
+	done; \
+	for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done | $(am__base_list) | \
+	while read files; do \
+	  test -z "$$files" || { \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files '$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)" || exit $$?; }; \
+	done; }
+
+uninstall-man1:
+	@$(NORMAL_UNINSTALL)
+	@list=''; test -n "$(man1dir)" || exit 0; \
+	files=`{ for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done; \
+	l2='$(man_MANS)'; for i in $$l2; do echo "$$i"; done | \
+	  sed -n '/\.1[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	} | sed -e 's,.*/,,;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^1][0-9a-z]*$$,1,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,'`; \
+	dir='$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)'; $(am__uninstall_files_from_dir)
+install-man3: $(man_MANS)
+	@$(NORMAL_INSTALL)
+	@list1=''; \
+	list2='$(man_MANS)'; \
+	test -n "$(man3dir)" \
+	  && test -n "`echo $$list1$$list2`" \
+	  || exit 0; \
+	echo " $(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(man3dir)'"; \
+	$(MKDIR_P) "$(DESTDIR)$(man3dir)" || exit 1; \
+	{ for i in $$list1; do echo "$$i"; done;  \
+	if test -n "$$list2"; then \
+	  for i in $$list2; do echo "$$i"; done \
+	    | sed -n '/\.3[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	fi; \
+	} | while read p; do \
+	  if test -f $$p; then d=; else d="$(srcdir)/"; fi; \
+	  echo "$$d$$p"; echo "$$p"; \
+	done | \
+	sed -e 'n;s,.*/,,;p;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^3][0-9a-z]*$$,3,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,' | \
+	sed 'N;N;s,\n, ,g' | { \
+	list=; while read file base inst; do \
+	  if test "$$base" = "$$inst"; then list="$$list $$file"; else \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) '$$file' '$(DESTDIR)$(man3dir)/$$inst'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) "$$file" "$(DESTDIR)$(man3dir)/$$inst" || exit $$?; \
+	  fi; \
+	done; \
+	for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done | $(am__base_list) | \
+	while read files; do \
+	  test -z "$$files" || { \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files '$(DESTDIR)$(man3dir)'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files "$(DESTDIR)$(man3dir)" || exit $$?; }; \
+	done; }
+
+uninstall-man3:
+	@$(NORMAL_UNINSTALL)
+	@list=''; test -n "$(man3dir)" || exit 0; \
+	files=`{ for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done; \
+	l2='$(man_MANS)'; for i in $$l2; do echo "$$i"; done | \
+	  sed -n '/\.3[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	} | sed -e 's,.*/,,;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^3][0-9a-z]*$$,3,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,'`; \
+	dir='$(DESTDIR)$(man3dir)'; $(am__uninstall_files_from_dir)
+install-man5: $(man_MANS)
+	@$(NORMAL_INSTALL)
+	@list1=''; \
+	list2='$(man_MANS)'; \
+	test -n "$(man5dir)" \
+	  && test -n "`echo $$list1$$list2`" \
+	  || exit 0; \
+	echo " $(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)'"; \
+	$(MKDIR_P) "$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)" || exit 1; \
+	{ for i in $$list1; do echo "$$i"; done;  \
+	if test -n "$$list2"; then \
+	  for i in $$list2; do echo "$$i"; done \
+	    | sed -n '/\.5[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	fi; \
+	} | while read p; do \
+	  if test -f $$p; then d=; else d="$(srcdir)/"; fi; \
+	  echo "$$d$$p"; echo "$$p"; \
+	done | \
+	sed -e 'n;s,.*/,,;p;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^5][0-9a-z]*$$,5,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,' | \
+	sed 'N;N;s,\n, ,g' | { \
+	list=; while read file base inst; do \
+	  if test "$$base" = "$$inst"; then list="$$list $$file"; else \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) '$$file' '$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)/$$inst'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) "$$file" "$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)/$$inst" || exit $$?; \
+	  fi; \
+	done; \
+	for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done | $(am__base_list) | \
+	while read files; do \
+	  test -z "$$files" || { \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files '$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files "$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)" || exit $$?; }; \
+	done; }
+
+uninstall-man5:
+	@$(NORMAL_UNINSTALL)
+	@list=''; test -n "$(man5dir)" || exit 0; \
+	files=`{ for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done; \
+	l2='$(man_MANS)'; for i in $$l2; do echo "$$i"; done | \
+	  sed -n '/\.5[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	} | sed -e 's,.*/,,;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^5][0-9a-z]*$$,5,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,'`; \
+	dir='$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)'; $(am__uninstall_files_from_dir)
+install-man8: $(man_MANS)
+	@$(NORMAL_INSTALL)
+	@list1=''; \
+	list2='$(man_MANS)'; \
+	test -n "$(man8dir)" \
+	  && test -n "`echo $$list1$$list2`" \
+	  || exit 0; \
+	echo " $(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)'"; \
+	$(MKDIR_P) "$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)" || exit 1; \
+	{ for i in $$list1; do echo "$$i"; done;  \
+	if test -n "$$list2"; then \
+	  for i in $$list2; do echo "$$i"; done \
+	    | sed -n '/\.8[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	fi; \
+	} | while read p; do \
+	  if test -f $$p; then d=; else d="$(srcdir)/"; fi; \
+	  echo "$$d$$p"; echo "$$p"; \
+	done | \
+	sed -e 'n;s,.*/,,;p;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^8][0-9a-z]*$$,8,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,' | \
+	sed 'N;N;s,\n, ,g' | { \
+	list=; while read file base inst; do \
+	  if test "$$base" = "$$inst"; then list="$$list $$file"; else \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) '$$file' '$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)/$$inst'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) "$$file" "$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)/$$inst" || exit $$?; \
+	  fi; \
+	done; \
+	for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done | $(am__base_list) | \
+	while read files; do \
+	  test -z "$$files" || { \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files '$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files "$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)" || exit $$?; }; \
+	done; }
+
+uninstall-man8:
+	@$(NORMAL_UNINSTALL)
+	@list=''; test -n "$(man8dir)" || exit 0; \
+	files=`{ for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done; \
+	l2='$(man_MANS)'; for i in $$l2; do echo "$$i"; done | \
+	  sed -n '/\.8[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	} | sed -e 's,.*/,,;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^8][0-9a-z]*$$,8,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,'`; \
+	dir='$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)'; $(am__uninstall_files_from_dir)
+
+# This directory's subdirectories are mostly independent; you can cd
+# into them and run 'make' without going through this Makefile.
+# To change the values of 'make' variables: instead of editing Makefiles,
+# (1) if the variable is set in 'config.status', edit 'config.status'
+#     (which will cause the Makefiles to be regenerated when you run 'make');
+# (2) otherwise, pass the desired values on the 'make' command line.
+$(am__recursive_targets):
+	@fail=; \
+	if $(am__make_keepgoing); then \
+	  failcom='fail=yes'; \
+	else \
+	  failcom='exit 1'; \
+	fi; \
+	dot_seen=no; \
+	target=`echo $@ | sed s/-recursive//`; \
+	case "$@" in \
+	  distclean-* | maintainer-clean-*) list='$(DIST_SUBDIRS)' ;; \
+	  *) list='$(SUBDIRS)' ;; \
+	esac; \
+	for subdir in $$list; do \
+	  echo "Making $$target in $$subdir"; \
+	  if test "$$subdir" = "."; then \
+	    dot_seen=yes; \
+	    local_target="$$target-am"; \
+	  else \
+	    local_target="$$target"; \
+	  fi; \
+	  ($(am__cd) $$subdir && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) $$local_target) \
+	  || eval $$failcom; \
+	done; \
+	if test "$$dot_seen" = "no"; then \
+	  $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) "$$target-am" || exit 1; \
+	fi; test -z "$$fail"
+
+ID: $(am__tagged_files)
+	$(am__define_uniq_tagged_files); mkid -fID $$unique
+tags: tags-recursive
+TAGS: tags
+
+tags-am: $(TAGS_DEPENDENCIES) $(am__tagged_files)
+	set x; \
+	here=`pwd`; \
+	if ($(ETAGS) --etags-include --version) >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+	  include_option=--etags-include; \
+	  empty_fix=.; \
+	else \
+	  include_option=--include; \
+	  empty_fix=; \
+	fi; \
+	list='$(SUBDIRS)'; for subdir in $$list; do \
+	  if test "$$subdir" = .; then :; else \
+	    test ! -f $$subdir/TAGS || \
+	      set "$$@" "$$include_option=$$here/$$subdir/TAGS"; \
+	  fi; \
+	done; \
+	$(am__define_uniq_tagged_files); \
+	shift; \
+	if test -z "$(ETAGS_ARGS)$$*$$unique"; then :; else \
+	  test -n "$$unique" || unique=$$empty_fix; \
+	  if test $$# -gt 0; then \
+	    $(ETAGS) $(ETAGSFLAGS) $(AM_ETAGSFLAGS) $(ETAGS_ARGS) \
+	      "$$@" $$unique; \
+	  else \
+	    $(ETAGS) $(ETAGSFLAGS) $(AM_ETAGSFLAGS) $(ETAGS_ARGS) \
+	      $$unique; \
+	  fi; \
+	fi
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+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@%.xml-config: %.xml
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+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@		sed -e 's/^<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->/<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;/' $< > $@; \
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+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@clean-local:
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	rm -rf man1 man3 man5 man8
+
+#$(man_MANS):
+#	@echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man8/grpconv.8 man8/grpunconv.8 man8/pwunconv.8: man8/pwconv.8
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diff --git a/man/README.md b/man/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3180139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+The [official releases](https://github.com/shadow-maint/shadow/releases) ship
+with pre-built manpages.
+
+The content of the man pages however is dependent on compile flags. So the
+pre-built ones might not fit your version of shadow.  To build them yourself use
+`--enable-man`. Furthermore the following build requirements will be needed:
+- xsltproc
+- docbook 4
+- docbook stylesheets
+- itstool
diff --git a/man/chage.1.xml b/man/chage.1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..055c1ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/chage.1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1990 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY USE_TCB               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='chage.1'>
+  <!--  $Id$  -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1990</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">User Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>chage</refname>
+    <refpurpose>change user password expiry information</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>chage</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<replaceable>options</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='plain'>
+	<replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>chage</command> command changes the number of days between
+      password changes and the date of the last password change. This
+      information is used by the system to determine when a user must change
+      their password.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>chage</command> command are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-d</option>, <option>--lastday</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LAST_DAY</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password
+	    was last changed. The date may also be expressed in the format
+	    YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area).
+	    If the <replaceable>LAST_DAY</replaceable> is set to
+	    <emphasis>0</emphasis> the user is forced to change his password
+	    on the next log on.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-E</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on which the
+	    user's account will no longer be accessible. The date may also
+	    be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more
+	    commonly used in your area). A user whose account is locked must
+	    contact the system administrator before being able to use the
+	    system again.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    For example the following can be used to set an account to expire
+	    in 180 days:
+	  </para>
+	  <programlisting>
+	    chage -E $(date -d +180days +%Y-%m-%d)
+	  </programlisting>
+	  <para>
+	    Passing the number <emphasis remap='I'>-1</emphasis> as the
+	    <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> will remove an account
+	    expiration date.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-i</option>, <option>--iso8601</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>When printing dates, use YYYY-MM-DD format.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-I</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has
+	    expired before the account is locked. The
+	    <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> option is the number of days
+	    of inactivity. A user whose account is locked must contact the
+	    system administrator before being able to use the system again.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Passing the number <emphasis remap='I'>-1</emphasis> as the
+	    <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> will remove an account's
+	    inactivity.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	  Show account aging information.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
+	    <replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>. A value of zero for this field
+	    indicates that the user may change their password at any time.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-M</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid. 
+	    When <replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable> plus
+	    <replaceable>LAST_DAY</replaceable> is less than the current
+	    day, the user will be required to change their password before
+	    being able to use their account. This occurrence can be planned for
+	    in advance by use of the <option>-W</option> option, which
+	    provides the user with advance warning.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Passing the number <emphasis remap='I'>-1</emphasis> as
+	    <replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable> will remove checking a
+	    password's validity.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-W</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Set the number of days of warning before a password change is
+	    required. The <replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable> option is the
+	    number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will
+	    be warned their password is about to expire.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+    <para>
+      If none of the options are selected, <command>chage</command> operates
+      in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values
+      for all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or
+      leave the line blank to use the current value. The current value is
+      displayed between a pair of <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> marks.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+  <refsect1 id='note'>
+    <title>NOTE</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>chage</command> program requires a shadow password file to
+      be available.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The chage program will report only the information from the shadow
+      password file. This implies that configuration from other sources
+      (e.g. LDAP or empty password hash field from the passwd file) that
+      affect the user's login will not be shown in the chage output.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The <command>chage</command> program will also not report any
+      inconsistency between the shadow and passwd files (e.g. missing x in
+      the passwd file). The <command>pwck</command> can be used to check
+      for this kind of inconsistencies.
+    </para>
+    <para>The <command>chage</command> command is restricted to the root
+      user, except for the <option>-l</option> option, which may be used by
+      an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due
+      to expire.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &USE_TCB;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure user account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='exit_values'>
+    <title>EXIT VALUES</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>chage</command> command exits with the following values:
+      <variablelist>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>0</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>success</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>1</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>permission denied</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>2</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>invalid command syntax</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>15</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>can't find the shadow password file</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/chfn.1.xml b/man/chfn.1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5b9040
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/chfn.1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1990 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY CHFN_AUTH             SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CHFN_AUTH.xml">
+<!ENTITY CHFN_RESTRICT         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CHFN_RESTRICT.xml">
+<!ENTITY LOGIN_STRING          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LOGIN_STRING.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='chfn.1'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1990</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">User Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>chfn</refname>
+    <refpurpose>change real user name and information</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>chfn</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<replaceable>options</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>chfn</command> command changes user fullname,
+      office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information
+      for a user's account. This information is typically printed by
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry> and similar programs. A normal user may only change
+      the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>. (The default configuration is to
+      prevent users from changing their fullname.) The superuser may change
+      any field for any account. Additionally, only the superuser may use
+      the <option>-o</option> option to change the undefined portions of the
+      GECOS field.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      These fields must not contain any colons. Except for the
+      <emphasis remap='I'>other</emphasis> field, they should not contain
+      any comma or equal sign. It is also recommended to avoid
+      non-US-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone
+      numbers. The <emphasis remap='I'>other</emphasis> field is used to
+      store accounting information used by other applications.
+    </para>
+
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>chfn</command> command are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-f</option>, <option>--full-name</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>FULL_NAME</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Change the user's full name.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-h</option>, <option>--home-phone</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_PHONE</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Change the user's home phone number.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>OTHER</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Change the user's other GECOS information. This field is used to
+	    store accounting information used by other applications, and can
+	    be changed only by a superuser.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-r</option>, <option>--room</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>ROOM_NUMBER</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Change the user's room number.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-u</option>, <option>--help</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-w</option>, <option>--work-phone</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>WORK_PHONE</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Change the user's office phone number.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+    <para>
+      If none of the options are selected, <command>chfn</command>
+      operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the
+      current values for all of the fields. Enter the new value to change
+      the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value. The
+      current value is displayed between a pair of <emphasis remap='B'>[
+      ]</emphasis> marks. Without options, <command>chfn</command>
+      prompts for the current user account.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &CHFN_AUTH;
+      &CHFN_RESTRICT;
+      &LOGIN_STRING;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/chgpasswd.8.xml b/man/chgpasswd.8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd2d117
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/chgpasswd.8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2006       , Tomasz Kłoczko
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY ENCRYPT_METHOD        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENCRYPT_METHOD.xml">
+<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
+<!ENTITY MD5_CRYPT_ENAB        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS  SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+
+<refentry id='chgpasswd.8'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>Creation, 2006</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>chgpasswd</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>chgpasswd</refname>
+    <refpurpose>update group passwords in batch mode</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>chgpasswd</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<replaceable>options</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>chgpasswd</command> command reads a list of group name
+      and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to
+      update a set of existing groups. Each line is of the format:
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      <emphasis remap='I'>group_name</emphasis>:<emphasis
+      remap='I'>password</emphasis>
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is
+      encrypted by <command>chgpasswd</command>.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with
+      the <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> variable of <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>,
+      and can be overwritten with the <option>-e</option>,
+      <option>-m</option>, or <option>-c</option> options.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      This command is intended to be used in a large system environment
+      where many accounts are created at a single time.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>chgpasswd</command> command
+      are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords.</para>
+	  <para condition="no_sha_crypt">
+	    The available methods are DES, MD5, and NONE.
+	  </para>
+	  <para condition="sha_crypt">
+	    The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512
+	    if your libc support these methods.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Supplied passwords are in encrypted form.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are
+	    not encrypted.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="sha_crypt">
+	<term><option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The value 0 means that the system will choose the default
+	    number of rounds for the crypt method (5000).
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999
+	    will be enforced.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512
+	    crypt method.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    By default, the number of rounds is defined by the
+	    SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
+	    <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='caveats'>
+    <title>CAVEATS</title>
+    <para>
+      Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of
+      unencrypted files by other users.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect
+      the system's password policy.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &ENCRYPT_METHOD;
+      &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
+      &MD5_CRYPT_ENAB;
+      &SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS; <!--This also document SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS-->
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="gshadow">
+	<term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/chpasswd.8.xml b/man/chpasswd.8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6353419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/chpasswd.8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991       , Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY ENCRYPT_METHOD        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENCRYPT_METHOD.xml">
+<!ENTITY MD5_CRYPT_ENAB        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS  SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+
+<refentry id='chpasswd.8'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>chpasswd</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>chpasswd</refname>
+    <refpurpose>update passwords in batch mode</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>chpasswd</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<replaceable>options</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>chpasswd</command> command reads a list of user name and
+      password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update
+      a group of existing users. Each line is of the format:
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      <emphasis remap='I'>user_name</emphasis>:<emphasis
+      remap='I'>password</emphasis>
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are
+      encrypted by <command>chpasswd</command>.
+      Also the password age will be updated, if present.
+    </para>
+    <para condition="no_pam">
+      The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with
+      the <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> or
+      <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> variables of
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, and can be overwritten with the
+      <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</option>, or <option>-c</option>
+      options.
+    </para>
+    <para condition="pam">
+      By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not
+      recommended) you can select a different encryption method with the
+      <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</option>, or <option>-c</option>
+      options.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      <phrase condition="pam">Except when PAM is used to encrypt the
+      passwords,</phrase> <command>chpasswd</command> first updates all the
+      passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no
+      errors occurred for any user.
+    </para>
+    <para condition="pam">
+      When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in
+      the system database) then if a password cannot be updated
+      <command>chpasswd</command> continues updating the passwords of the
+      next users, and will return an error code on exit.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      This command is intended to be used in a large system environment
+      where many accounts are created at a single time.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>chpasswd</command> command
+      are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>METHOD</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords.</para>
+	  <para condition="no_sha_crypt">
+	    The available methods are DES, MD5, and NONE.
+	  </para>
+	  <para condition="sha_crypt">
+	    The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512
+	    if your libc support these methods.
+	  </para>
+	  <para condition="pam">
+	    By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords.
+	  </para>
+	  <para condition="no_pam">
+	    By default (if none of the <option>-c</option>,
+	    <option>-m</option>, or <option>-e</option> options are
+	    specified), the encryption method is defined by the 
+	    <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> or
+	    <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> variables of
+	    <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Supplied passwords are in encrypted form.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are
+	    not encrypted.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="sha_crypt">
+	<term>
+	  <option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>ROUNDS</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The value 0 means that the system will choose the default
+	    number of rounds for the crypt method (5000).
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999
+	    will be enforced.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512
+	    crypt method.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    By default, the number of rounds is defined by the
+	    <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> and
+	    <option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> variables in
+	    <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='caveats'>
+    <title>CAVEATS</title>
+    <para>
+      Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of
+      unencrypted files by other users.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist condition="no_pam">
+      &ENCRYPT_METHOD;
+      &MD5_CRYPT_ENAB;
+    </variablelist>
+    <variablelist>
+      &SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS; <!--documents also SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS-->
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure user account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="pam">
+	<term><filename>/etc/pam.d/chpasswd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>PAM configuration for <command>chpasswd</command>.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <phrase>
+	<citerefentry>
+	  <refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+	</citerefentry>,
+      </phrase>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/chsh.1.xml b/man/chsh.1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..373aa92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/chsh.1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1990       , Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY CHSH_AUTH             SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CHSH_AUTH.xml">
+<!ENTITY LOGIN_STRING          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LOGIN_STRING.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+
+<refentry id='chsh.1'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1990</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">User Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>chsh</refname>
+    <refpurpose>change login shell</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>chsh</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<replaceable>options</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+        <replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>chsh</command> command changes the user login shell.
+      This determines the name of the user's initial login command. A normal
+      user may only change the login shell for her own account; the
+      superuser may change the login shell for any account.
+    </para>
+
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>chsh</command> command are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</replaceable>
+	</term>
+        <listitem>                                                                                                                   
+	  <para>
+	    The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to
+	    blank causes the system to select the default login shell.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+    <para>
+      If the <option>-s</option> option is not selected,
+      <command>chsh</command> operates in an interactive fashion, prompting
+      the user with the current login shell. Enter the new value to change
+      the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one. The current
+      shell is displayed between a pair of <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> marks.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='note'>
+    <title>NOTE</title>
+    <para>
+      The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command
+      name must be listed in <filename>/etc/shells</filename>, unless the
+      invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added. An
+      account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell.
+      For this reason, placing <filename>/bin/rsh</filename> in
+      <filename>/etc/shells</filename> is discouraged since accidentally
+      changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever
+      changing her login shell back to its original value.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration' condition="no_pam">
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &CHSH_AUTH;
+      &LOGIN_STRING;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shells</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>List of valid login shells.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/config.xml.in b/man/config.xml.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2dbad9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/config.xml.in
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+<!ENTITY GROUP_NAME_MAX_LENGTH '@GROUP_NAME_MAX_LENGTH@'>
+<!ENTITY SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION '@VERSION@'>
diff --git a/man/cs/Makefile.am b/man/cs/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b2be0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cs/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+
+mandir = @mandir@/cs
+
+man_MANS = \
+	man1/expiry.1 \
+	man5/faillog.5 \
+	man8/faillog.8 \
+	man1/gpasswd.1 \
+	man8/groupadd.8 \
+	man8/groupdel.8 \
+	man8/groupmod.8 \
+	man1/groups.1 \
+	man8/grpck.8 \
+	man5/gshadow.5 \
+	man8/lastlog.8 \
+	man8/nologin.8 \
+	man5/passwd.5 \
+	man5/shadow.5 \
+	man1/su.1 \
+	man8/vipw.8
+
+EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS) \
+	man1/id.1 \
+	man8/groupmems.8 \
+	man8/logoutd.8
+
diff --git a/man/cs/Makefile.in b/man/cs/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..516c58d
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+
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+
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+	} | sed -e 's,.*/,,;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^1][0-9a-z]*$$,1,;x' \
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+	  && test -n "`echo $$list1$$list2`" \
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+	  for i in $$list2; do echo "$$i"; done \
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+			   sed '/\//!d;s|^|$(distdir)/|;s,/[^/]*$$,,' | \
+			   sort -u` ;; \
+	esac; \
+	for file in $$dist_files; do \
+	  if test -f $$file || test -d $$file; then d=.; else d=$(srcdir); fi; \
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+	    fi; \
+	    cp -fpR $$d/$$file "$(distdir)$$dir" || exit 1; \
+	  else \
+	    test -f "$(distdir)/$$file" \
+	    || cp -p $$d/$$file "$(distdir)/$$file" \
+	    || exit 1; \
+	  fi; \
+	done
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+	  $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \
+	    install_sh_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG=-s \
+	    "INSTALL_PROGRAM_ENV=STRIPPROG='$(STRIP)'" install; \
+	fi
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+	-test -z "$(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES)" || rm -f $(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES)
+	-test . = "$(srcdir)" || test -z "$(CONFIG_CLEAN_VPATH_FILES)" || rm -f $(CONFIG_CLEAN_VPATH_FILES)
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+
+# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
+# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
+.NOEXPORT:
diff --git a/man/cs/man1/expiry.1 b/man/cs/man1/expiry.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99a0b4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cs/man1/expiry.1
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+.TH "EXPIRY" "1" "11/05/2005" "User Commands" "User Commands"
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.SH "JMÉNO"
+expiry \- zkontroluje a vynutí politiku vypršení platnosti hesla
+.SH "POUŽITÍ"
+.HP 7
+\fBexpiry\fR [\-c] [\-f]
+.SH "POPIS"
+.PP
+\fBexpiry\fR
+zkontroluje (\fB\-c\fR) vypršení platnosti aktuálního hesla a případně vynutí (\fB\-f\fR) změnu. Příkaz lze spustit jako běžný uživatel.
+.SH "SOUBORY"
+.TP
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR
+informace o uživatelských účtech
+.TP
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR
+důvěrné informace o uživatelských účtech
+.SH "VIZ TAKÉ"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5).
diff --git a/man/cs/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/cs/man1/gpasswd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32e4288
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cs/man1/gpasswd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+.TH "GPASSWD" "1" "11/05/2005" "User Commands" "User Commands"
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.SH "JMÉNO"
+gpasswd \- spravuje soubor /etc/group
+.SH "POUŽITÍ"
+.HP 8
+\fBgpasswd\fR \fIskupina\fR
+.HP 8
+\fBgpasswd\fR \-a\ \fIuživatel\fR \fIskupina\fR
+.HP 8
+\fBgpasswd\fR \-d\ \fIuživatel\fR \fIskupina\fR
+.HP 8
+\fBgpasswd\fR \-R\ \fIskupina\fR
+.HP 8
+\fBgpasswd\fR \-r\ \fIskupina\fR
+.HP 8
+\fBgpasswd\fR [\-A\ \fIuživatel,\fR...] [\-M\ \fIuživatel,\fR...] \fIskupina\fR
+.SH "POPIS"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+se používá pro správu souboru
+\fI/etc/group\fR
+(a pokud je zkompilován s podporou SHADOWGRP, tak i
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR).
+Každá skupina může mít správce, členy a heslo. Systémový správce může
+volbou
+\fB\-A\fR
+definovat správce skupiny, volbou
+\fB\-M\fR
+členy skupiny a má všechna práva skupinových správců a členů.
+.SS "Poznámka o skupinových heslech"
+.PP
+Skupinová hesla jsou samozřejmě bezpečnostním problémem, jelikož je
+heslo sdíleno více uživateli. Skupiny jsou nicméně užitečným nástrojem
+pro spolupráci mezi různými uživateli.
+.SH "VOLBY"
+.PP
+Správce skupiny může přidávat resp. mazat uživatele pomocí
+\fB\-a\fR
+resp.
+\fB\-d\fR.
+Správcové mohou odstranit skupinové heslo pomocí přepínače
+\fB\-r\fR.
+Pokud není heslo nastaveno, mohou použít příkaz
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+pro zapojení do skupiny pouze členové skupiny. Volba
+\fB\-R\fR
+zakáže přístup do skupiny skrze příkaz
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+(členové skupiny se do ní budou moci stále přepnout).
+.PP
+Pokud je
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+spušten správcem skupiny a jediným parametrem je jméno skupiny, zeptá
+se na skupinové heslo. Pokud je heslo nastaveno, mohou členové používat
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1)
+stále bez hesla, nečlenové musí heslo zadat.
+.SH "SOUBORY"
+.TP
+\fI/etc/group\fR
+informace o skupinových účtech
+.TP
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR
+citlivé informace o skupinových účtech
+.SH "VIZ TAKÉ"
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBgroup\fR(5).
diff --git a/man/cs/man1/groups.1 b/man/cs/man1/groups.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6deab53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cs/man1/groups.1
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+.TH GROUPS 1 "GNU Shell Utilities" "FSF" \" \-*\- nroff \-*\-
+.do hla cs
+.do hpf hyphen.cs
+.SH JMÉNO
+groups \- vypíše skupiny, jichž je uživatel členem
+.SH POUŽITÍ
+\fBgroups\fR [\fIuživatel...\fR]
+.SH POPIS
+Tato dokumentace není dále udržována a může být nepřesná nebo neúplná.
+Autoritativním zdrojem je Texinfo dokumentace.
+.PP
+Tato manuálová stránka popisuje GNU verzi příkazu
+.BR groups .
+Příkaz
+.B groups
+vypíše jména všech skupin, v nichž je zadaný \fIuživatel\fR nebo aktuální proces,
+pokud uživatel není zadán, členem. Pokud jsou zadána jména uživatelů, potom bude
+jméno každého z uživatelů vypsáno před seznam skupin, jichž je členem.
+.PP
+Seznam skupin je ekvivalentní s výstupem příkazu `id \-Gn'.
+.SH VOLBY
+Když je GNU příkaz \fBgroups\fR vyvolán právě s jedním parametrem,
+jsou rozpoznávány následující volby:
+.TP
+.I "\-\-help"
+Vypíše návod k použití na standardní výstup a bezchybně skončí.
+.TP
+.I "\-\-version"
+Vypíše číslo verze na standardní výstup a bezchybně skončí.
diff --git a/man/cs/man1/id.1 b/man/cs/man1/id.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9eafaf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cs/man1/id.1
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+.TH ID 1 "GNU Shell Utilities" "FSF" \" \-*\- nroff \-*\-
+.do hla cs
+.do hpf hyphen.cs
+.SH JMÉNO
+id \- vypíše reálný a efektivní UID a GID
+.SH POUŽITÍ
+.B id
+[\-gnruG] [\-\-group] [\-\-name] [\-\-real] [\-\-user] [\-\-groups]
+[\-\-help] [\-\-version] [uživatel]
+.SH POPIS
+Tato dokumentace není dále udržována a může být nepřesná nebo neúplná.
+Autoritativním zdrojem je Texinfo dokumentace.
+.PP
+Tato manuálová stránka popisuje GNU verzi příkazu
+.BR id .
+Příkaz
+.B id
+vypíše informace o zadaném uživateli nebo (pokud není jméno uživatele
+zadáno) o uživateli, který program
+.B id
+spustil. Implicitně vypisuje reálné user ID, reálné group ID,
+efektivní user ID, pokud se liší od reálného user ID, efektivní
+group ID, pokud se liší od reálného group ID, a group ID skupin,
+v nichž je uživatel členem. Před každou z hodnot je vypsán řetězec
+určující o jakou hodnotu se jedná a za každou jsou odpovídající
+jména skupin a uživatelů v závorkách.
+.PP
+Volby způsobí, že program
+.B id
+vypisuje pouze některé z těchto informací.
+.SS VOLBY
+.TP
+.I "\-g, \-\-group"
+Vypíše pouze group ID.
+.TP
+.I "\-G, \-\-groups"
+Vypíše pouze skupiny, v nichž je uživatel členem.
+.TP
+.I "\-\-help"
+Vypíše návod k použití na standardní výstup a bezchybně skončí.
+.TP
+.I "\-n, \-\-name"
+Vypíše jméno uživatele nebo skupiny místo čísla ID.
+Vyžaduje
+.IR \-u ,
+.IR \-g ,
+nebo
+.IR \-G .
+.TP
+.I "\-r, \-\-real"
+Vypíše reálné místo efektivních user a group ID.
+Vyžaduje
+.IR \-u ,
+.IR \-g ,
+nebo
+.IR \-G .
+.TP
+.I "\-u, \-\-user"
+Vypíše pouze user ID.
+.TP
+.I "\-\-version"
+Vypíše číslo verze na standardní výstup a bezchybně skončí.
diff --git a/man/cs/man1/su.1 b/man/cs/man1/su.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8a6842
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cs/man1/su.1
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+.TH SU 1 "GNU Shell Utilities" "FSF" \" \-*\- nroff \-*\-
+.do hla cs
+.do hpf hyphen.cs
+.SH JMÉNO
+su \- spustí shell pod jiným uživatelským a skupinovým ID
+.SH POUŽITÍ
+.B su
+[\-flmp] [\-c příkaz] [\-s shell] [\-\-login] [\-\-fast]
+[\-\-preserve\-environment] [\-\-command=příkaz] [\-\-shell=shell] [\-]
+[\-\-help] [\-\-version] [uživatel [arg...]]
+.SH POPIS
+Tato dokumentace není dále udržována a může být nepřesná nebo neúplná.
+Autoritativním zdrojem je Texinfo dokumentace.
+.PP
+Tato manuálová stránka popisuje GNU verzi příkazu
+.BR su .
+Příkaz
+.B su
+umožňuje, aby se uživatel dočasně stal jiným uživatelem. Spustí
+shell s reálným a efektivním user ID, group ID, i skupinami, jichž
+je zadaný
+.I uživatel
+členem. Pokud není zadán
+.IR uživatel ,
+dosadí se root, superuživatel. Jméno shellu je převzato ze souboru
+/etc/passwd. Pokud v /etc/passwd jméno shellu není, použije se
+/bin/sh. Pokud má uživatelský účet heslo, a příkaz
+.B su
+není spuštěn pod reálným user ID 0 (tj. superuživatelem), bude
+požadovat zadání hesla.
+.PP
+Příkaz
+.B su
+implicitně nemění aktuální adresář. Nastavuje proměnné prostředí
+`HOME' a `SHELL' podle údajů z /etc/passwd a pokud zadaný
+.I uživatel
+není superuživatelem, nastaví proměnné `USER' a `LOGNAME' na
+.IR uživatel .
+Implicitně není spuštěný shell login shellem.
+.PP
+Jsou\-li zadány další argumenty, budou předány jako argumenty shellu.
+.PP
+Příkaz
+.B su
+nezpracovává speciálně /bin/sh nebo ostatní shelly (nastavením
+argv[0] na "\-su", předáním volby `\-c' pouze jistým shellům, atd.).
+.PP
+Na systémech se syslog démonem může být příkaz
+.B su
+přeložen tak, aby zaznamenával pomocí syslogu neúspěšná
+a volitelně i úspěšná vyvolání příkazu
+.BR su .
+.SS VOLBY
+.TP
+.I "\-c příkaz, \-\-command=příkaz"
+Místo odstartování interaktivního shellu předá
+.I příkaz
+s volbou
+.I \-c
+jako jediný příkazový řádek shellu.
+.TP
+.I "\-f, \-\-fast"
+Předá shellu volbu
+.IR \-f .
+Tuto volbu je pravděpodobně vhodné používat pouze pro shelly
+.B csh
+a
+.BR tcsh ,
+u nichž zabrání provedení startovacího souboru (.cshrc).
+U shellů vycházejících z Bourne shellu volba
+.I \-f
+zakazuje expanzi žolíkových znaků, což obecně není žádoucí.
+.TP
+.I "\-\-help"
+Vypíše návod k použití na standardní výstup a bezchybně skončí.
+.TP
+.I "\-, \-l, \-\-login"
+Spustí shell jako login shell. To znamená, že nebude nastaven obsah
+žádných proměnných prostředí kromě `TERM', `HOME', a `SHELL' (které
+budou nastaveny, jak je popsáno výše), `USER' a `LOGNAME' (které
+budou nastaveny i pro superuživatele jak je popsáno výše). Proměnná
+prostředí `PATH' bude nastavena na hodnotu definovanou při překladu.
+Aktuální adresář bude nastaven na domovský adresář; před jméno
+shellu bude předřazen znak "\-", který způsobí, že bude zpracován
+startovací soubor nebo soubory.
+.TP
+.I "\-m, \-p, \-\-preserve\-environment"
+Nebude měnit proměnné prostředí `HOME', `USER', `LOGNAME' ani
+`SHELL'. Je chybou, pokud uživatel, který spustil příkaz
+.B su
+není superuživatel a přitom má nový uživatel omezený shell. Jinak
+se spustí místo uživatelova shellu z /etc/passwd shell zadaný
+v proměnné prostředí `SHELL'. Omezený shell je takový, který
+není uveden v souboru /etc/shells, nebo v zakompilován seznamu
+souborů, pokud /etc/shells neexistuje. Chování příkazu
+.B su
+s touto volbou lze změnit volbami
+.I \-\-login
+a
+.I \-\-shell
+(má přednost před hodnotou proměnné prostředí SHELL).
+.TP
+.I "\-s, \-\-shell shell"
+Spustí zadaný shell místo uživatelova shellu z /etc/passwd.
+Je chybou, pokud uživatel, který spustil
+.B su
+není superuživatel a přitom shell nového uživatele uvedený
+v /etc/passwd je omezený.
+.TP
+.I "\-\-version"
+Vypíše číslo verze na standardní výstup a bezchybně skončí.
diff --git a/man/cs/man5/faillog.5 b/man/cs/man5/faillog.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99036ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cs/man5/faillog.5
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+.TH "FAILLOG" "5" "11/05/2005" "" ""
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.SH "JMÉNO"
+faillog \- Soubor pro zaznamenávání chybných pokusů o přihlášení
+.SH "POPIS"
+.PP
+\fI/var/log/faillog\fR
+uchovává pro každý účet počet chybných přihlášení a jejich
+limity. Záznamy v souboru mají pevnou délku a jsou indexovány
+číselným UID. Každý záznam obsahuje počet chybných pokusů o
+přihlášení od posledního úspěšného přihlášení, maximální počet
+chybných pokusů o přihlášení před zablokováním účtu, linku, na které
+byl zaznamenán poslední chybný pokus o přihlášení, a datum,
+kdy byl zaznamenán poslední chybný pokus o přihlášení.
+.PP
+Struktura souboru vypadá následovně:
+.sp
+.nf
+struct	faillog {
+	short   fail_cnt;
+	short   fail_max;
+	char    fail_line[12];
+	time_t  fail_time;
+};
+.fi
+.SH "SOUBORY"
+.TP
+\fI/var/log/faillog\fR
+soubor pro záznam chybných pokusů o přihlášení
+.SH "VIZ TAKÉ"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR(8)
diff --git a/man/cs/man5/gshadow.5 b/man/cs/man5/gshadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..460084c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cs/man5/gshadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+.TH "GSHADOW" "5" "11/05/2005" "File Formats and Configuration Files" "File Formats and Configuration Files"
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.SH "JMÉNO"
+gshadow \- stínový soubor se skupinami
+.SH "POPIS"
+.PP
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR
+Obsahuje stínové informace ke skupinovým účtům. Obsahuje řádky
+s pevnou strukturou, kde jsou jednotlivá pole oddělená dvojtečkami:
+.TP 3
+\(bu
+název skupiny
+.TP
+\(bu
+zašifrované heslo
+.TP
+\(bu
+čárkami oddělený seznam administrátorů skupiny
+.TP
+\(bu
+čárkami oddělený seznam členů skupiny
+.PP
+Pole pro název skupiny a heslo musí být vyplněná. Zašifrované heslo se
+skládá ze znaků 64 znakové abecedy (a-z, A-Z, 0-9, \\ a /).
+Podrobnosti o hesle naleznete v
+\fBcrypt\fR(3).
+Pokud pole s heslem obsahuje znak, který není platným výsledkem
+funkce
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), např. ! nebo *, uživatel se nebude moci pomocí tohoto
+hesla přihlásit, ale záleží také na systému
+\fBpam\fR(7).
+.PP
+Heslo v tomto souboru má přednost před heslem ze souboru
+\fI/etc/group\fR.
+.PP
+Má-li být zachována bezpečnost hesel, nesmí být tento soubor čitelný
+pro běžné uživatele.
+.SH "SOUBORY"
+.TP
+\fI/etc/group\fR
+informace o skupinových účtech
+.TP
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR
+citlivé informace o skupinových účtech
+.SH "VIZ TAKÉ"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(5).
diff --git a/man/cs/man5/passwd.5 b/man/cs/man5/passwd.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b00228
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cs/man5/passwd.5
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+.TH PASSWD 5 "19. března 1997" "Linux" "Linux \- příručka programátora"
+.do hla cs
+.do hpf hyphen.cs
+.SH JMÉNO
+passwd \- seznam hesel uživatelů
+.SH POPIS
+.B Passwd
+je čitelný textový soubor, který obsahuje seznam uživatelů systému a hesel,
+která musejí použít pro přístup. Seznam hesel uživatelů by měl být s právy
+pro čtení pro každého, což v pořádku, protože jsou hesla zašifrována, ale 
+zápisová práva má jenom superuživatel. Jestliže vytvoříte nový login,
+nechejte pole pro heslo prázdné a použijte \fBpasswd\fP(1) pro doplnění.
+Hvězdička nebo něco podobného v poli hesel značí, že tento uživatel se nemůže
+přihlásit přes \fBlogin\fP(1). Jestliže je váš kořenový adresář v 
+.IR /dev/ram,
+tak musíte uložit změněný soubor hesel do vašeho kořenového adresáře na
+disketě něž systém vypnete. Jestliže chcete
+vytvořit skupinu uživatelů, jejich GID musí být stejná a musí pro ni
+existovat záznam v souboru \fI/etc/group\fP, nebo skupina nebude existovat.
+.PP
+Každý řádek tvoří jeden záznam, který má následující formát:
+.sp
+.RS
+login_name:passwd:UID:GID:user_name:directory:shell
+.RE
+.sp
+Popis jednotlivých polí:
+.sp
+.RS
+.TP 1.0in
+.I login_name
+přihlašovací jméno uživatele systému
+.TP
+.I password
+zašifrované heslo uživatele
+.TP
+.I UID
+číselná identifikace uživatele (user ID)
+.TP
+.I GID
+číselná identifikace  skupiny  (group ID)
+.TP
+.I user_name
+(volitelné) poznámka (často celé jméno uživatele)
+.TP
+.I directory
+domovský adresář uživatele ($HOME)
+.TP
+.I shell
+program, který je spuštěn po úspěšném přihlášení (jestliže je prázdný,
+použije se
+.IR /bin/sh ).
+.RE
+.SH SOUBORY
+.I /etc/passwd
+.SH DALŠÍ INFORMACE
+.BR passwd "(1), " login "(1), " group (5)
diff --git a/man/cs/man5/shadow.5 b/man/cs/man5/shadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdbe0a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cs/man5/shadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+.TH SHADOW 5
+.do hla cs
+.do hpf hyphen.cs
+.SH JMÉNO
+shadow \- soubor se zašifrovanými hesly
+.SH POPIS
+.I shadow
+obsahuje informace o zašifrovaných heslech uživatelských účtů a
+volitelně může obsahovat informace o stárnutí hesel. Soubor obsahuje
+
+.IP "" .5i
+Přihlašovací jméno
+.IP "" .5i
+Zašifrované heslo
+.IP "" .5i
+Počet dnů od 1. ledna 1970, kdy bylo heslo naposledy změněno
+.IP "" .5i
+Počet dnů, po jejichž uplynutí může být heslo změněno
+.IP "" .5i
+Počet dnů, po jejichž uplynutí musí být heslo změněno
+.IP "" .5i
+Počet dnů před lhůtou, kdy je uživatel varován, že heslo vyprší
+.IP "" .5i
+Počet dnů, po jejichž uplynutí po propadnutí hesla je zablokován účet.
+.IP "" .5i
+Počet dnů od 1. ledna 1970, kdy byl účet zablokován
+.IP "" .5i
+Rezervované pole
+.PP
+Pole hesla musí být vyplněno. Zašifrované heslo se skládá ze 13 až 24
+znaků z 64 prvkové množiny znaků (a až z, A až Z, 0 až 9, \. a
+/). \fIcrypt(3)\fR obsahuje detailní informace o tom, jak
+interpretovat tento řetězec.
+.PP
+Datum poslední změny hesla je dáno počtem dní od 1. ledna 1970. Heslo
+nesmí býti znovu změněno dokud řádně neuplyne specifikovaný počet dní,
+a musí být změněno po uplynutí maximálního počtu dní. Pokud je
+minimální počet dnů platnosti hesla vyšší než maximální počet
+povolených dní, heslo nemůže být změněno uživatelem.
+.PP
+Účet je považován za neaktivní a bude zablokován, jestliže heslo není
+změněno během určeného počtu dní po vypršení platnosti hesla. Účet
+bude také zablokován v určený den nezávisle na ostatních informacích o
+vypršení hesla.
+.PP
+Tyto informace o heslu a době jeho platnosti mají prioritu před
+informacemi uloženými v souboru \fB/etc/passwd\fR.
+.PP
+Tento soubor nesmí být čitelný řádnými uživateli, má\-li být
+ochrana hesel účinná.
+.SH SOUBORY
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- informace o uživatelských účtech
+.br
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- zašifrovaná hesla uživatelů
+.SH DALŠÍ INFORMACE
+chage(1),
+login(1),
+passwd(1),
+su(1),
+sulogin(1M),
+shadow(3),
+passwd(5),
+pwconv(8),
+pwunconv(8)
diff --git a/man/cs/man8/faillog.8 b/man/cs/man8/faillog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4dcae0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cs/man8/faillog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+.TH "FAILLOG" "8" "11/05/2005" "System Management Commands" "System Management Commands"
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.SH "JMÉNO"
+faillog \- zobrazí záznamy faillogu nebo nastaví limity na chybná přihlášení
+.SH "POUŽITÍ"
+.HP 8
+\fBfaillog\fR [\fIvolby\fR]
+.SH "POPIS"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+formátuje obsah souboru
+\fI/var/log/faillog\fR,
+ve kterém se zaznamenávají neúspěšné pokusy o přihlášení. Také jej
+můžete použít pro správu počitadel neúspěšných přihlášení a pro
+nastavení limitů. Spuštení programu
+\fBfaillog\fR
+bez argumentů vypíše záznamy o neúspěšném přihlášení těch uživatelů,
+u kterých je zaznamenáno alespoň jedno chybné přihlášení.
+.SH "VOLBY"
+.PP
+Příkaz
+\fBfaillog\fR
+akceptuje následující volby:
+.TP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+Zobrazí záznamy faillogu všech uživatelů.
+.TP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+Zobrazí nápovědu a skončí.
+.TP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\-time\fR \fISEK\fR
+Po neúspěšném přihlášení zamkne účet na
+\fISEK\fR
+sekund.
+.TP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-maximum\fR \fIMAX\fR
+Nastaví maximální počet chybných přihlášení na MAX. Poté se účet
+zablokuje. Hodnotou 0 tento limit zrušíte. Pro uživatele
+\fIroot\fR
+by hodnota
+\fIMAX\fR
+měla být vždy 0, abyste předešli útokům typu odepření služby.
+.TP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reset\fR
+Vynuluje počitadla chybných přihlášení všech uživatelů. Při použití s
+parametrem \-u
+\fIÚČET\fR
+vynuluje počitadlo pouze pro daný účet. Tato operace vyžaduje práva
+zápisu k souboru
+\fI/var/log/faillog\fR.
+.TP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR \fIDNŮ\fR
+Zobrazí záznamy faillogu novější než
+\fIDNŮ\fR. Volba
+\fB\-t\fR
+má vyšší prioritu než
+\fB\-u\fR.
+.TP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR \fIÚČET\fR
+Zobrazí záznamy faillogu (resp. s volbami
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR
+nebo
+\fB\-r\fR
+upraví počitadla nebo limity chybných přihlášení) pouze pro uživatele
+\fIÚČET\fR.
+.SH "ZÁLUDNOSTI"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+vypíše pouze uživatele, bez úspěšného přihlášení od poslední
+chyby. Chcete-li vypsat i uživatele, kteří se od poslední chyby
+úspěšně přihlásili, musíte si je explicitně vyžádat volbou
+\fB\-u\fR
+nebo
+\fB\-a\fR.
+.SH "SOUBORY"
+.TP
+\fI/var/log/faillog\fR
+soubor pro záznam chybných pokusů o přihlášení
+.SH "VIZ TAKÉ"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBfaillog\fR(5).
diff --git a/man/cs/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/cs/man8/groupadd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8e3977
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cs/man8/groupadd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+.TH "GROUPADD" "8" "01/02/2006" "System Management Commands" "System Management Commands"
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.SH "JMÉNO"
+groupadd \- Vytvoří skupinu
+.SH "POUŽITÍ"
+.HP 9
+\fBgroupadd\fR [\-g\ \fIGID\fR\ [\-o]] [\-f] [\-K\ \fIKLÍČ\fR=\fIHODNOTA\fR] \fIskupina\fR
+.SH "POPIS"
+.PP
+Příkaz
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+vytváří nové skupinové účty na základě zadaných hodnot a výchozích
+hodnot nastavených v systému. Nová skupina bude podle pořeby zařazena
+do příslušných systémových souborů.
+.SH "VOLBY"
+.PP
+Příkaz
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+akceptuje následující volby:
+.TP
+\fB\-f\fR
+Tato volba způsobí, že v případě kolize se stávající skupinou se vrátí
+úspěšný návratový kód. Při použití s volbou
+\fB\-g\fR, pokud již dané GID existuje, vybere se unikární GID
+automaticky, (tj. jako kdybyste
+\fB\-g\fR
+nezadali).
+.TP
+\fB\-g\fR \fIGID\fR
+Číselná hodnota skupinového ID. Tato hodnota musí být unikátní (s
+výjimkou volby
+\fB\-o\fR).
+Hodnota musí být nezáporné celé číslo. Jako výchozí hodnota se použije
+nejmenší ID větší než 999 a zároveň větší než ID všech ostatních
+skupin. Hodnoty mezi 0 a 999 jsou obvykle rezervovány pro systémové účty.
+.TP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+Zobrazí nápovědu a skončí.
+.TP
+\fB\-K \fR\fB\fIKLÍČ\fR\fR\fB=\fR\fB\fIHODNOTA\fR\fR
+Přepíše výchozí nastavení /etc/login.defs (GID_MIN, GID_MAX
+apod.). Můžete zadat i více voleb najednou.
+.sp
+Příklad:
+\fB\-K \fR\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\fB \-K \fR\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+.sp
+Poznámka:
+\fB\-K \fR\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+zatím nefunguje.
+.TP
+\fB\-o\fR
+Tato volba povolí přidání skupiny s neunikátním GID.
+.SH "SOUBORY"
+.TP
+\fI/etc/group\fR
+informace o skupinových účtech
+.TP
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR
+citlivé informace o skupinových účtech
+.TP
+\fI/etc/login.defs\fR
+nastavení systému shadow
+.SH "ZÁLUDNOSTI"
+.PP
+Názvy skupin musí začínat malým písmenem nebo podtržítkem a mohou
+obsahovat pouze malá písmena, čísla, podtržítka, pomlčky a závěrečný
+dolar. Vyjádřeno regulárním výrazem: [a\-z_][a\-z0\-9_\-]*[$]
+.PP
+Délka názvu skupiny nesmí překročit 16 znaků.
+.PP
+Jestliže již název skupiny existuje v externí databázi typu NIS,
+příkaz
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+odmítne požadavek na vytvoření této skupiny.
+.SH "NÁVRATOVÉ HODNOTY"
+.PP
+Příkaz
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+může skončit s následujícími návratovými hodnotami:
+.TP
+\fI0\fR
+úspěch
+.TP
+\fI2\fR
+chybná syntaxe příkazu
+.TP
+\fI3\fR
+chybný argument parametru
+.TP
+\fI4\fR
+GID není unikátní (pokud nepoužijete
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.TP
+\fI9\fR
+název skupiny není unikátní
+.TP
+\fI10\fR
+nelze aktualizovat soubor group
+.SH "VIZ TAKÉ"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8).
diff --git a/man/cs/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/cs/man8/groupdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7991d9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cs/man8/groupdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+.TH "GROUPDEL" "8" "11/05/2005" "System Management Commands" "System Management Commands"
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.SH "JMÉNO"
+groupdel \- Smaže skupinu
+.SH "POUŽITÍ"
+.HP 9
+\fBgroupdel\fR \fIskupina\fR
+.SH "POPIS"
+.PP
+Příkaz
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+upraví soubory se systémovými účty tak, že smaže všechy záznamy, které
+se odkazují na
+\fIskupinu\fR. Daná skupina musí existovat.
+.PP
+Abyste zajistili, že na souborových systémech nezůstanou soubory
+vlastněné mazanou skupinou, musíte je sami vyhledat a příslušně
+opravit.
+.SH "ZÁLUDNOSTI"
+.PP
+Nelze odstranit primární skupinu uživatele. Nejprve musíte odstranit
+uživatele a pak teprve danou skupinu.
+.SH "SOUBORY"
+.TP
+\fI/etc/group\fR
+informace o skupinových účtech
+.TP
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR
+citlivé informace o skupinových účtech
+.SH "NÁVRATOVÉ HODNOTY"
+.PP
+Příkaz
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+může skončit s následujícími návratovými hodnotami:
+.TP
+\fI0\fR
+úspěch
+.TP
+\fI2\fR
+chybná syntaxe příkazu
+.TP
+\fI8\fR
+nelze odstranit primární skupinu uživatele
+.TP
+\fI10\fR
+nelze aktualizovat soubor group
+.SH "VIZ TAKÉ"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)
diff --git a/man/cs/man8/groupmems.8 b/man/cs/man8/groupmems.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..daaae62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cs/man8/groupmems.8
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+.TH "GROUPMEMS" "8" "10/20/2005" "System Management Commands" "System Management Commands"
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.SH "JMÉNO"
+groupmems \- Spravuje členy uživatelovy primární skupiny
+.SH "POUŽITÍ"
+.HP 10
+\fBgroupmems\fR \-a\ \fIuživatel\fR \-d\ \fIuživatel\fR \-l \-D [\-g\ \fIskupina\fR]
+.SH "POPIS"
+.PP
+Nástroj
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+umožňuje uživatelům spravovat členství ve své primární skupině, aniž
+by museli mít superuživatelská práva. Nástroj
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+je zamýšlen pro systémy, které pro každého uživatele vytváří vlastní
+primární skupinu (tj. novak / novak).
+.PP
+Pouze superuživatel (root) může použít
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+ke změně členství v ostatních skupinách.
+.SH "VOLBY"
+.PP
+Příkaz
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+akceptuje následující volby:
+.TP
+\fB\-a\fR \fIuživatel\fR
+Přidá do seznamu členů skupiny nového uživatele.
+.TP
+\fB\-d\fR \fIuživatel\fR
+Ze seznamu členů skupiny odebere daného uživatele.
+.TP
+\fB\-D\fR
+Ze seznamu členů skupiny odebere všechny uživatele.
+.TP
+\fB\-g\fR \fIskupina\fR
+Superuživatel může zadat skupinu, které se mají změny týkat.
+.TP
+\fB\-l\fR
+Vypíše seznam členů skupiny.
+.SH "NASTAVENÍ"
+.PP
+Příkaz
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+by měl mít nastavena práva
+2710
+a měl by jej vlastnit uživatel
+\fIroot\fR
+a skupina
+\fIgroups\fR. Správce systému může uživatelům povolit
+používání nástroje
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+tím, že přidá uživatele do skupiny groups. Uživatelé si pak mohou sami
+spravovat členství ve skupinách.
+.sp
+.nf
+	$ groupadd \-r groups
+	$ chmod 2710 groupmems
+	$ chown root.groups groupmems
+	$ groupmems \-g groups \-a gk4
+
+.fi
+.SH "SOUBORY"
+.TP
+\fI/etc/group\fR
+informace o skupinových účtech
+.TP
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR
+citlivé informace o skupinových účtech
+.SH "VIZ TAKÉ"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8).
+.SH "AUTOR"
+.PP
+George Kraft IV (gk4@us.ibm.com)
diff --git a/man/cs/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/cs/man8/groupmod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9338994
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cs/man8/groupmod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+.TH "GROUPMOD" "8" "11/05/2005" "System Management Commands" "System Management Commands"
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.SH "JMÉNO"
+groupmod \- upraví skupinu
+.SH "POUŽITÍ"
+.HP 9
+\fBgroupmod\fR [\-g\ \fIgid\fR\ [\-o\ ]] [\-n\ \fInové_jméno_skupiny\fR] \fIskupina\fR
+.SH "POPIS"
+.PP
+Příkaz
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+upravuje soubory se systémovými účty tak, aby odpovídaly změnám
+zadaným na příkazové řádce.
+.SH "VOLBY"
+.PP
+Příkaz
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+akceptuje následující volby:
+.TP
+\fB\-g\fR \fIgid\fR
+Číselná hodnota skupinového ID. Tato hodnota musí být unikátní (s
+výjimkou volby
+\fB\-o\fR.
+Hodnota musí být nezáporné celé číslo. Hodnoty mezi 0 a 999 jsou
+obvykle rezervovány pro systémové účty. U souborů, které měly skupinu
+nastavenu na staré GID, ji musíte přenastavit na nové GID ručně.
+.TP
+\fB\-n\fR \fInové_jméno_skupiny\fR
+Jméno skupiny se změní ze
+\fIskupina\fR
+na
+\fInové_jméno_skupiny\fR.
+.SH "SOUBORY"
+.TP
+\fI/etc/group\fR
+informace o skupinových účtech
+.TP
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR
+citlivé informace o skupinových účtech
+.SH "NÁVRATOVÉ HODNOTY"
+.PP
+Příkaz
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+může skončit s následujícími návratovými hodnotami:
+.TP
+\fI0\fR
+úspěch
+.TP
+\fI2\fR
+chybná syntaxe příkazu
+.TP
+\fI3\fR
+chybný argument parametru
+.TP
+\fI4\fR
+zadaná skupina neexistuje
+.TP
+\fI6\fR
+zadaná skupina neexistuje
+.TP
+\fI9\fR
+skupina je již používána
+.TP
+\fI10\fR
+nelze aktualizovat soubor group
+.SH "VIZ TAKÉ"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8).
diff --git a/man/cs/man8/grpck.8 b/man/cs/man8/grpck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07e67d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cs/man8/grpck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+.TH "GRPCK" "8" "11/05/2005" "System Management Commands" "System Management Commands"
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.SH "JMÉNO"
+grpck \- ověří integritu skupinových souborů
+.SH "POUŽITÍ"
+.HP 6
+\fBgrpck\fR [\-r] [\fIgroup\fR\ \fIshadow\fR]
+.SH "POPIS"
+.PP
+\fBgrpck\fR
+ověří integritu informací používaných při autentizaci vůči
+systému. Kontrolují se všechny záznamy v souborech
+\fI/etc/group\fR
+a
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR,
+zda mají správný formát a zda jsou ve všech polích jen povolená
+data. Při nalezení chybně formátovaných a jinak neopravitelných
+záznamů je uživatel vybídnut, aby tyto záznamy smazal.
+.PP
+U každého záznamu se kontroluje, zda:
+.TP 3
+\(bu
+má správný počet polí
+.TP
+\(bu
+má unikátní název skupiny
+.TP
+\(bu
+obsahuje platný seznam členů a administrátorů
+.PP
+Kontroly na správný počet polí a unikátnost názvu skupiny jsou
+kritické. Pokud má záznam chybný počet polí, je uživatel vybídnut, aby
+záznam smazal. Nebude-li uživatel souhlasit, jsou všechny další
+kontroly přeskočeny. U záznamu s duplicitním názvem skupiny je
+uživatel taktéž vybídnut ke smazání záznamu, ovšem následné kontroly
+nejsou přeskočeny. Všechny ostatní chyby jsou považovány pouze za
+varování a uživatel je vyzván k nápravě chyby pomocí příkazu
+\fBgroupmod\fR.
+.PP
+Příkazy pracující se souborem
+\fI/etc/group\fR
+nemohou měnit porušené nebo duplicitní záznamy. V takových případech
+byste měli použít
+\fBgrpck\fR
+a chybné záznamy odstranit.
+.SH "VOLBY"
+.PP
+\fBgrpck\fR
+implicitně pracuje nad soubory
+\fI/etc/group\fR
+a
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR. Uživatel může zvolit jiné soubory pomocí parametrů
+\fIgroup\fR
+a
+\fIshadow\fR.
+Uživatel dále může parametrem
+\fB\-r\fR
+zapnout režim jen pro čtení. Prakticky to znamená, že na všechny
+otázky ohledně změn se automaticky odpoví
+\fIne\fR.
+\fBgrpck\fR
+také umí setřítit záznamy v souborech
+\fI/etc/group\fR
+a
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR
+podle GID. Pro třídící režim zadejte parametr
+\fB\-s\fR.
+V takovém případě se neprovádí žádné kontroly, soubory se pouze
+setřídí.
+.SH "SOUBORY"
+.TP
+\fI/etc/group\fR
+informace o skupinových účtech
+.TP
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR
+citlivé informace o skupinových účtech
+.TP
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR
+informace o uživatelských účtech
+.SH "NÁVRATOVÉ HODNOTY"
+.PP
+Příkaz
+\fBgrpck\fR
+může skončit s následujícími návratovými hodnotami:
+.TP
+\fI0\fR
+úspěch
+.TP
+\fI1\fR
+chybná syntaxe příkazu
+.TP
+\fI2\fR
+jeden či více chybných záznamů
+.TP
+\fI3\fR
+nelze otevřít soubory skupin
+.TP
+\fI4\fR
+nelze zamknout soubory skupin
+.TP
+\fI5\fR
+nelze aktualizovat soubory skupin
+.SH "VIZ TAKÉ"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8).
diff --git a/man/cs/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/cs/man8/lastlog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67682ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cs/man8/lastlog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+.\"	@(#)lastlog.8	3.3	08:24:58	29 Sep 1993 (National Guard Release)
+.\"	$Id$
+.\"
+.TH LASTLOG 8
+.SH JMÉNO
+lastlog \- prozkoumá soubor lastlog
+.SH SYNTAXE
+.B lastlog
+.RB [ \-u
+.IR přihlašovací\-jméno ]
+.RB [ \-t
+.IR dny ]
+.SH POPIS
+\fBlastlog\fR setřídí a zobrazí obsah souboru
+\fI/var/log/lastlog\fR,
+který obsahuje záznamy o přihlašování a odhlašování uživatelů v systému.
+Zobrazí se \fBpřihlašovací jméno\fR, \fBjméno terminálu\fR a \fBčas posledního
+přihlašení\fR.
+Standardně (tj. bez dalších voleb) lastlog zobrazí záznamy setříděné
+podle čísla UID.
+Použití přepínače \fB\-u \fIpřihlašovací\-jméno\fR
+způsobí, že bude vytištěn pouze poslední záznam o přihlášení příslušného uživatele.
+Zadáním \fB\-t \fIdny\fR se zobrazí pouze
+ta přihlášení, které jsou dřívější než zadané \fIdny\fR.
+Parametr \fB\-t\fR překryje případný parametr \fB\-u\fR.
+.PP
+Pokud se uživatel ještě nikdy nepřihlásil, zobrazí se zpráva \fB"**Never logged in**"\fR (Nikdy nepřihlášen)
+místo jména terminálu a času.
+.SH SOUBORY
+/var/log/lastlog \- soubor se záznamy o přihlášení a odhlášení
+.SH NÁMITKY
+Velké rozdíly v UID číslech jsou způsobeny tím, že lastlog program běžel dlouho bez
+výstupu na obrazovku (např. mmdf=800 a poslední uid=170, program se bude
+jevit jako s uid 171\-799).
+.SH AUTOŘI
+Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@austin.ibm.com)
+.br
+Phillip Street
+.SH PŘELOŽIL
+Ondřej Pavlíček (mox@post.cz).
diff --git a/man/cs/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/cs/man8/logoutd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed264c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cs/man8/logoutd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+.TH "LOGOUTD" "8" "11/05/2005" "System Management Commands" "System Management Commands"
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.SH "JMÉNO"
+logoutd \- Omezuje čas přihlášení
+.SH "POUŽITÍ"
+.HP 8
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+.SH "POPIS"
+.PP
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+omezí čas přihlášení a seznam povolených portů podle pravidel zadaných v
+\fI/etc/porttime\fR.
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+by se měl spouštět z
+\fI/etc/rc\fR. Program pak pravidelně kontroluje soubor
+\fI/var/run/utmp\fR
+a zkoumá, zda má daný uživatel oprávnění být přihlášen na daném portu
+v daný čas. Všechna sezení, která porušují pravidla zadaná v
+\fI/etc/porttime\fR,
+jsou ukončena.
+.SH "SOUBORY"
+.TP
+\fI/etc/porttime\fR
+oprávnění k portům a přihlášení
+.TP
+\fI/var/run/utmp\fR
+seznam aktuálních sezení
diff --git a/man/cs/man8/nologin.8 b/man/cs/man8/nologin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92d6be8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cs/man8/nologin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+.TH "NOLOGIN" "8" "01/07/2006" "System Management Commands" "System Management Commands"
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.SH "JMÉNO"
+nologin \- slušně odmítne přihlášení
+.SH "PŘEHLED"
+.HP 8
+\fBnologin\fR
+.SH "POPIS"
+.PP
+\fBnologin\fR
+zobrazí oznámení, že účet není dostupný a skončí s nenulovým
+návratovým kódem. Program je zamýšlen jako vhodná náhrada pole shell
+v souboru passwd pro zablokované účty.
+.PP
+Pro zakázání všech přihlášení prozkoumejte
+\fBnologin\fR(5).
+.SH "VIZ TAKÉ"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnologin\fR(5).
+.SH "HISTORIE"
+.PP
+Příkaz
+\fBnologin\fR
+se objevil v BSD 4.4.
diff --git a/man/cs/man8/vipw.8 b/man/cs/man8/vipw.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbef380
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cs/man8/vipw.8
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+.TH "VIPW" "8" "12/07/2005" "System Management Commands" "System Management Commands"
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.SH "JMÉNO"
+vipw, vigr \- slouží k úpravě souborů password, group, shadow-password a shadow-group.
+.SH "POUŽITÍ"
+.HP 5
+\fBvipw\fR [volby]
+.HP 5
+\fBvigr\fR [volby]
+.SH "POPIS"
+.PP
+\fBvipw\fR
+a
+\fBvigr\fR
+upravují soubory
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR
+a
+\fI/etc/group\fR. S přepínačem
+\fB\-s\fR
+budou upravovat stínové verze obou souborů, tj.
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR
+a
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR. Programy používají zámky, aby předešly porušení
+souborů. Při hledání editoru nejprve zkusí proměnnou prostředí
+\fB$VISUAL\fR, poté proměnnou prostředí
+\fB$EDITOR\fR a na konec spustí standardní editor
+\fBvi\fR(1).
+.SH "VOLBY"
+.PP
+Příkazy
+\fBvipw\fR
+a
+\fBvigr\fR
+akceptují následující volby:
+.TP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR
+Upraví databázi skupin.
+.TP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+Zobrazí nápovědu a skončí.
+.TP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR
+Upraví databázi hesel.
+.TP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+Tichý režim.
+.TP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR
+Upraví databázi shadow nebo gshadow.
+.SH "SOUBORY"
+.TP
+\fI/etc/group\fR
+informace o skupinových účtech
+.TP
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR
+stínový soubor pro skupiny
+.TP
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR
+informace o uživatelských účtech
+.TP
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR
+citlivé informace o uživatelských účtech
+.SH "VIZ TAKÉ"
+.PP
+\fBvi\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5)\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5).
diff --git a/man/da/Makefile.am b/man/da/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3b0922
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/da/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+
+mandir = @mandir@/da
+
+# 2012.01.28 - activate manpages with more than 50% translated messages
+man_MANS = \
+	man1/chfn.1 \
+	man8/groupdel.8 \
+	man1/groups.1 \
+	man5/gshadow.5 \
+	man8/logoutd.8 \
+	man1/newgrp.1 \
+	man8/nologin.8 \
+	man1/sg.1 \
+	man8/vigr.8 \
+	man8/vipw.8
+
+man_nopam = 
+
+if !USE_PAM
+man_MANS += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+EXTRA_DIST = \
+	$(man_MANS) \
+	man1/id.1
+
+if USE_PAM
+EXTRA_DIST += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+include ../generate_translations.mak
+
diff --git a/man/da/Makefile.in b/man/da/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ed052b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/da/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,732 @@
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+
+# 2012.01.28 - activate manpages with more than 50% translated messages
+man_MANS = man1/chfn.1 man8/groupdel.8 man1/groups.1 man5/gshadow.5 \
+	man8/logoutd.8 man1/newgrp.1 man8/nologin.8 man1/sg.1 \
+	man8/vigr.8 man8/vipw.8 $(am__append_1)
+man_nopam = 
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+LANG = $(notdir $(CURDIR))
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+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@SHADOWGRP_FALSE@SHADOWGRP_COND = no_gshadow
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@SHADOWGRP_TRUE@SHADOWGRP_COND = gshadow
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@WITH_TCB_FALSE@TCB_COND = no_tcb
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@WITH_TCB_TRUE@TCB_COND = tcb
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@USE_SHA_CRYPT_FALSE@SHA_CRYPT_COND = no_sha_crypt
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@USE_SHA_CRYPT_TRUE@SHA_CRYPT_COND = sha_crypt
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@ENABLE_SUBIDS_FALSE@SUBIDS_COND = no_subids
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+
+.SUFFIXES:
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+	  if test "$$base" = "$$inst"; then list="$$list $$file"; else \
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+tags TAGS:
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+	    || cp -p $$d/$$file "$(distdir)/$$file" \
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+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	cp ../config.xml $@
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+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	ln -sf ../login.defs.d login.defs.d
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+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	    sed -e 's/^<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->/<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	else \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	    sed -e 's/^\(<!DOCTYPE .*docbookx.dtd"\)>/\1 [<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;]>/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	fi
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	itstool -d -l $(LANG) -m messages.mo -o . $@
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	sed -i 's:\(^<refentry .*\)>:\1 lang="$(LANG)">:' $@
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+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	if grep -q SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE $<; then \
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+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	else \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@		sed -e 's/^\(<!DOCTYPE .*docbookx.dtd"\)>/\1 [<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;]>/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	fi
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man1/% man3/% man5/% man8/%: %.xml-config Makefile config.xml
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+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@clean-local:
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	rm -rf man1 man3 man5 man8
+
+#$(man_MANS):
+#	@echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man8/grpconv.8 man8/grpunconv.8 man8/pwunconv.8: man8/pwconv.8
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man3/getspnam.3: man3/shadow.3
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+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@$(man_MANS):
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@	@echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages
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+# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
+.NOEXPORT:
diff --git a/man/da/man1/chfn.1 b/man/da/man1/chfn.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8c3a2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/da/man1/chfn.1
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chfn
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: User Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Danish
+.\"
+.TH "CHFN" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "User Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAVN"
+chfn \- change real user name and information
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBchfn\fR\ 'u
+\fBchfn\fR [\fItilvalg\fR] [\fILOGIND\fR]
+.SH "BESKRIVELSE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchfn\fR
+command changes user fullname, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a user\*(Aqs account\&. This information is typically printed by
+\fBfinger\fR(1)
+and similar programs\&. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&. (The default configuration is to prevent users from changing their fullname\&.) The superuser may change any field for any account\&. Additionally, only the superuser may use the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field\&.
+.PP
+These fields must not contain any colons\&. Except for the
+\fIother\fR
+field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign\&. It is also recommended to avoid non\-US\-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone numbers\&. The
+\fIother\fR
+field is used to store accounting information used by other applications\&.
+.SH "TILVALG"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchfn\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-full\-name\fR\ \&\fIFULL_NAME\fR
+.RS 4
+\(AEndr brugerens navn\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-home\-phone\fR\ \&\fIHOME_PHONE\fR
+.RS 4
+\(AEndr brugerens telefonnummer\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-other\fR\ \&\fIOTHER\fR
+.RS 4
+\(AEndr brugerens anden GECOS\-information\&. Dette felt bruges til at gemme kontoinformation brugt af andre programmer, og kan kun \(aendres af en superbruger\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-room\fR\ \&\fIROOM_NUMBER\fR
+.RS 4
+\(AEndr brugerens v\(aerelsesnummer\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Vis hj\(aelpeteksten og afslut\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-work\-phone\fR\ \&\fIWORK_PHONE\fR
+.RS 4
+\(AEndr brugerens arbejdsnummer\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If none of the options are selected,
+\fBchfn\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of
+\fB[ ]\fR
+marks\&. Without options,
+\fBchfn\fR
+prompts for the current user account\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Information om brugerkonto\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SE OGS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/da/man1/groups.1 b/man/da/man1/groups.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76e3984
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/da/man1/groups.1
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groups
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: User Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Danish
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPS" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "User Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAVN"
+groups \- vis aktuelle gruppenavne
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroups\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroups\fR [\fIbruger\fR]
+.SH "BESKRIVELSE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroups\fR
+command displays the current group names or ID values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value\&. The optional
+\fIuser\fR
+parameter will display the groups for the named user\&.
+.SH "NOTE"
+.PP
+Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)) will have the information from
+/etc/group
+reported\&. The user must use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+or
+\fBsg\fR
+to change his current real and effective group ID\&.
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Information om gruppekonto\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SE OGS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)\&.
diff --git a/man/da/man1/id.1 b/man/da/man1/id.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cf00d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/da/man1/id.1
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: id
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: User Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Danish
+.\"
+.TH "ID" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "User Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAVN"
+id \- display current user and group ID names
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBid\fR\ 'u
+\fBid\fR [\-a]
+.SH "BESKRIVELSE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBid\fR
+command displays the current real and effective user and group ID names or values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/passwd
+or
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed without the corresponding name\&. The optional
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag will display the group set on systems which support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3))\&.
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Information om gruppekonto\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Information om brugerkonto\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SE OGS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)
diff --git a/man/da/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/da/man1/newgrp.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d56f969
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/da/man1/newgrp.1
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newgrp
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: User Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Danish
+.\"
+.TH "NEWGRP" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "User Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAVN"
+newgrp \- log ind p\(oa en ny gruppe
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBnewgrp\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewgrp\fR [\-] [\fIgroup\fR]
+.SH "BESKRIVELSE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+command is used to change the current group ID during a login session\&. If the optional
+\fB\-\fR
+flag is given, the user\*(Aqs environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged\&.
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in
+/etc/passwd
+if no group name is given\&.
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+also tries to add the group to the user groupset\&. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in
+/etc/shadow
+if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in
+/etc/passwd
+otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password\&. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member\&.
+.PP
+If there is an entry for this group in
+/etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in
+/etc/group
+is considered\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Information om brugerkonto\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Information om sikret brugerkonto\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Information om gruppekonto\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Information om sikret gruppekonto\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SE OGS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsg\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/da/man1/sg.1 b/man/da/man1/sg.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e36d514
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/da/man1/sg.1
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: sg
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: User Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Danish
+.\"
+.TH "SG" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "User Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAVN"
+sg \- execute command as different group ID
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBsg\fR\ 'u
+\fBsg\fR [\-] [group\ [\-c\ ]\ command]
+.SH "BESKRIVELSE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsg\fR
+command works similar to
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+but accepts a command\&. The command will be executed with the
+/bin/sh
+shell\&. With most shells you may run
+\fBsg\fR
+from, you need to enclose multi\-word commands in quotes\&. Another difference between
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+and
+\fBsg\fR
+is that some shells treat
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+creates\&. This doesn\*(Aqt happen with
+\fBsg\fR, so upon exit from a
+\fBsg\fR
+command you are returned to your previous group ID\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Information om brugerkonto\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Information om sikret brugerkonto\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Information om gruppekonto\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Information om sikret gruppekonto\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SE OGS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/da/man5/gshadow.5 b/man/da/man5/gshadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b885e1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/da/man5/gshadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: gshadow
+.\"    Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Danish
+.\"
+.TH "GSHADOW" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAVN"
+gshadow \- shadowed group file
+.SH "BESKRIVELSE"
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+contains the shadowed information for group accounts\&.
+.PP
+This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to be maintained\&.
+.PP
+Each line of this file contains the following colon\-separated fields:
+.PP
+\fBgruppenavn\fR
+.RS 4
+Det skal v\(aere et gyldigt gruppenavn, som findes p\(oa systemet\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBencrypted password\fR
+.RS 4
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.sp
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)\&.
+.sp
+The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1))\&.
+.sp
+This field may be empty, in which case only the group members can gain the group permissions\&.
+.sp
+A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&.
+.sp
+This password supersedes any password specified in
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBadministratorer\fR
+.RS 4
+Det skal v\(aere en kommaadskilt liste af brugernavne\&.
+.sp
+Administratorer kan \(aendre adgangskoden eller medlemmerne af gruppen\&.
+.sp
+Administratorer har ogs\(oa de samme rettigheder som medlemmerne (se nedenfor)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBmedlemmer\fR
+.RS 4
+Det skal v\(aere en kommaadskilt liste af brugernavne\&.
+.sp
+Medlemmer kan tilg\(oa gruppen uden at blive spurgt efter en adgangskode\&.
+.sp
+You should use the same list of users as in
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Information om gruppekonto\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Information om sikret gruppekonto\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SE OGS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBgrpconv\fR(8),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/da/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/da/man8/groupdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87a94b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/da/man8/groupdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Kommandoer for systemh\(oandtering
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Danish
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPDEL" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Kommandoer for systemh\(oandterin"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAVN"
+groupdel \- slet en gruppe
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupdel\fR [\fItilvalg\fR] \fIGRUPPE\fR
+.SH "BESKRIVELSE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to
+\fIGROUP\fR\&. The named group must exist\&.
+.SH "TILVALG"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the group, even if there\*(Aqs some user having the group as the primary one\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Vis hj\(aelpeteksten og afslut\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+De kan ikke fjerne den prim\(aere gruppe for en eksisterende bruger\&. Du skal fjerne brugeren f\(/or du fjerner gruppen\&.
+.PP
+Du skal manuelt kontrollere alle filsystemer for at sikre dig, at ingen filer fortsat er ejet af denne gruppe\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Information om gruppekonto\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Information om sikret gruppekonto\&.
+.RE
+.SH "EXIT VALUES"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove user\*(Aqs primary group
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "SE OGS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/da/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/da/man8/logoutd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8379e28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/da/man8/logoutd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: logoutd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Kommandoer for systemh\(oandtering
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Danish
+.\"
+.TH "LOGOUTD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Kommandoer for systemh\(oandterin"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAVN"
+logoutd \- p\(oatving restriktioner for logindperiode
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBlogoutd\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+.SH "BESKRIVELSE"
+.PP
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in
+/etc/porttime\&.
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+should be started from
+/etc/rc\&. The
+/var/run/utmp
+file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time\&. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in
+/etc/porttime
+is terminated\&.
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+File containing port access\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/var/run/utmp
+.RS 4
+Liste over aktuelle logindsessioner\&.
+.RE
diff --git a/man/da/man8/nologin.8 b/man/da/man8/nologin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c89d06e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/da/man8/nologin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: nologin
+.\"    Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Kommandoer for systemh\(oandtering
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Danish
+.\"
+.TH "NOLOGIN" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Kommandoer for systemh\(oandterin"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAVN"
+nologin \- n\(aegt venligt et logind
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBnologin\fR\ 'u
+\fBnologin\fR
+.SH "BESKRIVELSE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnologin\fR
+command displays a message that an account is not available and exits non\-zero\&. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled\&.
+.PP
+To disable all logins, investigate
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBSSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND\fR
+is populated it will be logged\&.
+.SH "SE OGS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.SH "HISTORIK"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnologin\fR
+command appeared in BSD 4\&.4\&.
diff --git a/man/da/man8/vigr.8 b/man/da/man8/vigr.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff72d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/da/man8/vigr.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/vipw.8
diff --git a/man/da/man8/vipw.8 b/man/da/man8/vipw.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43ea985
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/da/man8/vipw.8
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: vipw
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Kommandoer for systemh\(oandtering
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Danish
+.\"
+.TH "VIPW" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Kommandoer for systemh\(oandterin"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAVN"
+vipw, vigr \- rediger adgangskoden, gruppe, shadow\-adgangskode\- eller shadow\-gruppe\-fil
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBvipw\fR\ 'u
+\fBvipw\fR [\fItilvalg\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBvigr\fR\ 'u
+\fBvigr\fR [\fItilvalg\fR]
+.SH "BESKRIVELSE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands edits the files
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/group, respectively\&. With the
+\fB\-s\fR
+flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files,
+/etc/shadow
+and
+/etc/gshadow, respectively\&. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption\&. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable
+\fB$VISUAL\fR, then the environment variable
+\fB$EDITOR\fR, and finally the default editor,
+\fBvi\fR(1)\&.
+.SH "TILVALG"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands are:
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Rediger gruppedatabase\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Vis hj\(aelpeteksten og afslut\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR
+.RS 4
+Rediger passwd\-database\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Stille tilstand\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR
+.RS 4
+Rediger shadow\- eller gshadow\-database\&.
+.RE
+.SH "MILJ\(/O"
+.PP
+\fBVISUEL\fR
+.RS 4
+Redigeringsprogram der skal bruges\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBREDIGERINGSPROGRAM\fR
+.RS 4
+Editor to be used if
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+is not set\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Information om gruppekonto\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Information om sikret gruppekonto\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Information om brugerkonto\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Information om sikret brugerkonto\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SE OGS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBvi\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5)
+,
+\fBpasswd\fR(5), ,
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diff --git a/man/de/Makefile.am b/man/de/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cd302e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+
+mandir = @mandir@/de
+
+man_MANS = \
+	man1/chage.1 \
+	man1/chfn.1 \
+	man8/chgpasswd.8 \
+	man8/chpasswd.8 \
+	man1/chsh.1 \
+	man1/expiry.1 \
+	man5/faillog.5 \
+	man8/faillog.8 \
+	man3/getspnam.3 \
+	man1/gpasswd.1 \
+	man8/groupadd.8 \
+	man8/groupdel.8 \
+	man8/groupmems.8 \
+	man8/groupmod.8 \
+	man1/groups.1 \
+	man8/grpck.8 \
+	man8/grpconv.8 \
+	man8/grpunconv.8 \
+	man5/gshadow.5 \
+	man8/lastlog.8 \
+	man1/login.1 \
+	man5/login.defs.5 \
+	man8/logoutd.8 \
+	man1/newgrp.1 \
+	man8/newusers.8 \
+	man8/nologin.8 \
+	man1/passwd.1 \
+	man5/passwd.5 \
+	man8/pwck.8 \
+	man8/pwconv.8 \
+	man8/pwunconv.8 \
+	man1/sg.1 \
+	man3/shadow.3 \
+	man5/shadow.5 \
+	man1/su.1 \
+	man5/suauth.5 \
+	man8/useradd.8 \
+	man8/userdel.8 \
+	man8/usermod.8 \
+	man8/vigr.8 \
+	man8/vipw.8
+
+man_nopam = \
+	man5/limits.5 \
+	man5/login.access.5 \
+	man5/porttime.5
+
+if !USE_PAM
+man_MANS += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+EXTRA_DIST = \
+	$(man_MANS) \
+	man1/id.1 \
+	man8/sulogin.8
+
+if USE_PAM
+EXTRA_DIST += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+include ../generate_translations.mak
+
diff --git a/man/de/Makefile.in b/man/de/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20899d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,787 @@
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+	man8/useradd.8 man8/userdel.8 man8/usermod.8 man8/vigr.8 \
+	man8/vipw.8 $(am__append_1)
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+	man5/limits.5 \
+	man5/login.access.5 \
+	man5/porttime.5
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diff --git a/man/de/man1/chage.1 b/man/de/man1/chage.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eae65f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man1/chage.1
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chage
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "CHAGE" "1" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+chage \- \(:andert die Information zum Passwortverfall
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBchage\fR\ 'u
+\fBchage\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] \fIANMELDENAME\fR
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change\&. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchage\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-lastday\fR\ \&\fILAST_DAY\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last changed\&. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY\-MM\-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)\&. If the
+\fILAST_DAY\fR
+is set to
+\fI0\fR
+the user is forced to change his password on the next log on\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+Setzt das Datum oder die Anzahl der Tage seit dem 1\&. Januar 1970, ab dem auf das Benutzerkonto nicht mehr zugegriffen werden kann\&. Das Datum kann auch im Format JJJJ\-MM\-TT (oder in dem Format, das in Ihrer Region verbreitet ist) angegeben werden\&. Ein Benutzer, dessen Konto gesperrt ist, muss sich mit dem Systemadministrator in Verbindung setzen, ehe er sich wieder am System anmelden kann\&.
+.sp
+For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 days:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+	    chage \-E $(date \-d +180days +%Y\-%m\-%d)
+	  
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+will remove an account expiration date\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-iso8601\fR
+.RS 4
+When printing dates, use YYYY\-MM\-DD format\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked\&. The
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+option is the number of days of inactivity\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as the
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+will remove an account\*(Aqs inactivity\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt Informationen zur Kontoalterung an
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
+\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid\&. When
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+plus
+\fILAST_DAY\fR
+is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account\&. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the
+\fB\-W\fR
+option, which provides the user with advance warning\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The
+\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If none of the options are selected,
+\fBchage\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of
+\fI[ ]\fR
+marks\&.
+.SH "ANMERKUNGEN"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+program requires a shadow password file to be available\&.
+.PP
+The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password file\&. This implies that configuration from other sources (e\&.g\&. LDAP or empty password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user\*(Aqs login will not be shown in the chage output\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+program will also not report any inconsistency between the shadow and passwd files (e\&.g\&. missing x in the passwd file)\&. The
+\fBpwck\fR
+can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command is restricted to the root user, except for the
+\fB\-l\fR
+option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.SH "R\(:UCKGABEWERTE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+permission denied
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI15\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt find the shadow password file
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man1/chfn.1 b/man/de/man1/chfn.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a08815f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man1/chfn.1
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chfn
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "CHFN" "1" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+chfn \- \(:andert den vollst\(:andigen Namen eines Benutzers und sonstige Informationen
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBchfn\fR\ 'u
+\fBchfn\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] [\fIANMELDENAME\fR]
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchfn\fR
+command changes user fullname, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a user\*(Aqs account\&. This information is typically printed by
+\fBfinger\fR(1)
+and similar programs\&. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&. (The default configuration is to prevent users from changing their fullname\&.) The superuser may change any field for any account\&. Additionally, only the superuser may use the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field\&.
+.PP
+These fields must not contain any colons\&. Except for the
+\fIother\fR
+field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign\&. It is also recommended to avoid non\-US\-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone numbers\&. The
+\fIother\fR
+field is used to store accounting information used by other applications\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchfn\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-full\-name\fR\ \&\fIFULL_NAME\fR
+.RS 4
+ver\(:andert den vollst\(:andigen Namen des Benutzers
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-home\-phone\fR\ \&\fIHOME_PHONE\fR
+.RS 4
+\(:andert die private Telefonnummer des Benutzers
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-other\fR\ \&\fIOTHER\fR
+.RS 4
+Ver\(:andert die sonstigen Informationen \(:uber den Benutzer in der GECOS\-Zeile\&. In diesem Feld werden Kontoinformationen anderer Anwendungen gespeichert\&. Es kann nur vom Superuser ver\(:andert werden\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-room\fR\ \&\fIROOM_NUMBER\fR
+.RS 4
+\(:andert die Zimmernummer des Benutzers
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-work\-phone\fR\ \&\fIWORK_PHONE\fR
+.RS 4
+ver\(:andert die berufliche Telefonnummer des Benutzers
+.RE
+.PP
+If none of the options are selected,
+\fBchfn\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of
+\fB[ ]\fR
+marks\&. Without options,
+\fBchfn\fR
+prompts for the current user account\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man1/chsh.1 b/man/de/man1/chsh.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..666adc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man1/chsh.1
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chsh
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "CHSH" "1" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+chsh \- \(:andert die Anmelde\-Shell
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBchsh\fR\ 'u
+\fBchsh\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] [\fIANMELDENAME\fR]
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchsh\fR
+command changes the user login shell\&. This determines the name of the user\*(Aqs initial login command\&. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchsh\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the user\*(Aqs new login shell\&. Setting this field to blank causes the system to select the default login shell\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If the
+\fB\-s\fR
+option is not selected,
+\fBchsh\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell\&. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one\&. The current shell is displayed between a pair of
+\fI[ ]\fR
+marks\&.
+.SH "ANMERKUNGEN"
+.PP
+The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must be listed in
+/etc/shells, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added\&. An account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell\&. For this reason, placing
+/bin/rsh
+in
+/etc/shells
+is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shells
+.RS 4
+Liste der m\(:oglichen Anmelde\-Shells
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man1/expiry.1 b/man/de/man1/expiry.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a67539e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man1/expiry.1
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: expiry
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "EXPIRY" "1" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+expiry \- \(:uberpr\(:uft die Regeln f\(:ur den Verfall des Passworts und setzt diese um
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBexpiry\fR\ 'u
+\fBexpiry\fR \fIOption\fR
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBexpiry\fR
+command checks (\fB\-c\fR) the current password expiration and forces (\fB\-f\fR) changes when required\&. It is callable as a normal user command\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBexpiry\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR
+.RS 4
+\(:uberpr\(:uft den Verfall des Passworts des aktuellen Benutzers
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+erzwingt den Wechsel des Passworts des aktuellen Benutzers, falls dieses abgelaufen ist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/de/man1/gpasswd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba0a3a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man1/gpasswd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: gpasswd
+.\"    Author: Rafal Maszkowski
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "GPASSWD" "1" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+gpasswd \- administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBgpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBgpasswd\fR [\fIOption\fR] \fIGruppe\fR
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+command is used to administer
+/etc/group, and /etc/gshadow\&. Every group can have
+administrators,
+members and a password\&.
+.PP
+System administrators can use the
+\fB\-A\fR
+option to define group administrator(s) and the
+\fB\-M\fR
+option to define members\&. They have all rights of group administrators and members\&.
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+called by
+a group administrator
+with a group name only prompts for the new password of the
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.PP
+If a password is set the members can still use
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1)
+without a password, and non\-members must supply the password\&.
+.SS "Hinweise zu Gruppenpassw\(:ortern"
+.PP
+Gruppenpassw\(:orter beinhalten ein Sicherheitsrisiko, da mehrere Personen das Passwort kennen\&. Dennoch k\(:onnen sie sinnvoll sein, um die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Benutzern zu erleichtern\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+Except for the
+\fB\-A\fR
+and
+\fB\-M\fR
+options, the options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR
+.RS 4
+Add the
+\fIuser\fR
+to the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the
+\fIuser\fR
+from the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\-password\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the password from the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password will be empty\&. Only group members will be allowed to use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+to join the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-restrict\fR
+.RS 4
+Restrict the access to the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password is set to "!"\&. Only group members with a password will be allowed to use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+to join the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-administrators\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&.
+.RS 4
+Liste der Gruppenverwalter bestimmen
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-members\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&.
+.RS 4
+Liste der Mitglieder der Gruppe bestimmen
+.RE
+.SH "WARNUNGEN"
+.PP
+This tool only operates on the
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow files\&.
+Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man1/groups.1 b/man/de/man1/groups.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f732cd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man1/groups.1
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groups
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPS" "1" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+groups \- zeigt die aktuell verwendeten Gruppennamen an
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBgroups\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroups\fR [\fIBenutzer\fR]
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroups\fR
+command displays the current group names or ID values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value\&. The optional
+\fIuser\fR
+parameter will display the groups for the named user\&.
+.SH "ANMERKUNGEN"
+.PP
+Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)) will have the information from
+/etc/group
+reported\&. The user must use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+or
+\fBsg\fR
+to change his current real and effective group ID\&.
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man1/id.1 b/man/de/man1/id.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70b2c55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man1/id.1
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: id
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "ID" "1" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+id \- display current user and group ID names
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBid\fR\ 'u
+\fBid\fR [\-a]
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBid\fR
+command displays the current real and effective user and group ID names or values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/passwd
+or
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed without the corresponding name\&. The optional
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag will display the group set on systems which support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3))\&.
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)
diff --git a/man/de/man1/login.1 b/man/de/man1/login.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c9d062
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man1/login.1
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "LOGIN" "1" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+login \- startet eine Sitzung auf dem System
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] [\fIBenutzername\fR] [\fIENV=VAR\fR...]
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] \-f \fIBenutzername\fR
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] \-r\ \fIhost\fR
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is used to establish a new session with the system\&. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the
+\fIlogin:\fR
+prompt on the user\*(Aqs terminal\&.
+\fBlogin\fR
+may be special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub\-process\&. When called from a shell,
+\fBlogin\fR
+should be executed as
+\fBexec login\fR
+which will cause the user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of the caller)\&. Attempting to execute
+\fBlogin\fR
+from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message\&.
+.PP
+The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate\&. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password\&. Only a small number of password failures are permitted before
+\fBlogin\fR
+exits and the communications link is severed\&.
+.PP
+If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for a new password before proceeding\&. You will be forced to provide your old password and the new password before continuing\&. Please refer to
+\fBpasswd\fR(1)
+for more information\&.
+.PP
+After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and the presence of mail\&. You may turn off the printing of the system message file,
+/etc/motd, by creating a zero\-length file
+\&.hushlogin
+in your login directory\&. The mail message will be one of "\fIYou have new mail\&.\fR", "\fIYou have mail\&.\fR", or "\fINo Mail\&.\fR" according to the condition of your mailbox\&.
+.PP
+Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the
+/etc/passwd
+file\&. The value for
+\fB$HOME\fR,
+\fB$SHELL\fR,
+\fB$PATH\fR,
+\fB$LOGNAME\fR, and
+\fB$MAIL\fR
+are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry\&. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field\&.
+.PP
+On some installations, the environmental variable
+\fB$TERM\fR
+will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in
+/etc/ttytype\&.
+.PP
+Ein Startskript f\(:ur Ihren Befehlsinterpreter kann auch ausgef\(:uhrt werden\&. Sehen Sie bitte in den entsprechenden Handbuchseiten f\(:ur weitere Informationen dar\(:uber nach\&.
+.PP
+Eine Subsystem\-Anmeldung wird durch einen \(Fc*\(Fo als erstes Zeichen der Anmelde\-Shell gekennzeichnet\&. Das angegebene Home\-Verzeichnis wird als Wurzel f\(:ur das Dateisystem verwendet, auf welchem der Benutzer tats\(:achlich angemeldet ist\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of
+\fBgetty\fR(8)
+and
+\fBinit\fR(8)
+to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use
+\fBlogin\fR
+from the shell prompt without
+\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR
+.RS 4
+Keine Authentifizierung durchf\(:uhren, Benutzer ist bereits angemeldet\&.
+.sp
+Note: In that case,
+\fIusername\fR
+is mandatory\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR
+.RS 4
+Name des entfernt stehenden Rechners f\(:ur die Anmeldung
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR
+.RS 4
+beh\(:alt die Umgebungseinstellungen bei
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR
+.RS 4
+f\(:uhrt das Autologin\-Protokoll f\(:ur rlogin aus
+.RE
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR,
+\fB\-h\fR
+and
+\fB\-f\fR
+options are only used when
+\fBlogin\fR
+is invoked by root\&.
+.SH "WARNUNGEN"
+.PP
+This version of
+\fBlogin\fR
+has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&.
+.PP
+Der Ort der Konfigurationsdateien kann je nach Konfiguration des Systems unterschiedlich sein\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of
+\fBgetty\fR(8)
+and
+\fBinit\fR(8)
+to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use
+\fBlogin\fR
+from the shell prompt without
+\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&.
+.PP
+As with any program,
+\fBlogin\fR\*(Aqs appearance can be faked\&. If non\-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the machine\&. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/var/run/utmp
+.RS 4
+Liste der aktuellen angemeldeten Sitzungen
+.RE
+.PP
+/var/log/wtmp
+.RS 4
+Liste der vorangegangenen angemeldeten Sitzungen
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/motd
+.RS 4
+Datei mit der Systemmeldung des Tages
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/nologin
+.RS 4
+verhindert, dass sich Benutzer au\(sser Root anmelden
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/ttytype
+.RS 4
+Liste der Terminaltypen
+.RE
+.PP
+$HOME/\&.hushlogin
+.RS 4
+unterdr\(:uckt die Ausgabe von Systemnachrichten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBmail\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnologin\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBsecuretty\fR(5),
+\fBgetty\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/de/man1/newgrp.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1945c41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man1/newgrp.1
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newgrp
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "NEWGRP" "1" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+newgrp \- als neue Gruppe anmelden
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBnewgrp\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewgrp\fR [\-] [\fIGruppe\fR]
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+command is used to change the current group ID during a login session\&. If the optional
+\fB\-\fR
+flag is given, the user\*(Aqs environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged\&.
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in
+/etc/passwd
+if no group name is given\&.
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+also tries to add the group to the user groupset\&. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in
+/etc/shadow
+if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in
+/etc/passwd
+otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password\&. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member\&.
+.PP
+If there is an entry for this group in
+/etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in
+/etc/group
+is considered\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsg\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man1/passwd.1 b/man/de/man1/passwd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d41905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man1/passwd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: passwd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "PASSWD" "1" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+passwd \- \(:andert das Passwort eines Benutzers
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBpasswd\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] [\fIANMELDENAME\fR]
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command changes passwords for user accounts\&. A normal user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR
+also changes the account or associated password validity period\&.
+.SS "Ver\(:andern des Passworts"
+.PP
+Der Benutzer wird zuerst nach seinem alten Passwort gefragt, falls eines vorhanden ist\&. Dieses Passwort wird dann verschl\(:usselt und mit dem gespeicherten Passwort verglichen\&. Der Benutzer hat nur eine Gelegenheit, das richtige Passwort einzugeben\&. Der Superuser kann diesen Schritt \(:uberspringen, um so vergessene Passw\(:orter zu \(:andern\&.
+.PP
+After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time\&. If not,
+\fBpasswd\fR
+refuses to change the password and exits\&.
+.PP
+Der Benutzer wird dann aufgefordert, zweimal ein neues Passwort einzugeben\&. Beide Eingaben werden miteinander verglichen\&. Sie m\(:ussen \(:ubereinstimmen, damit das Passwort ge\(:andert wird\&.
+.PP
+Anschlie\(ssend wird das Passwort auf seine Komplexit\(:at \(:uberpr\(:uft\&. Eine allgemeine Richtlinie besagt, dass Passw\(:orter aus sechs bis acht Zeichen bestehen sollten und ein oder mehrere Zeichen aus folgenden Mengen enthalten sollten:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+Kleinbuchstaben
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+Ziffern 0 bis 9
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+Satzzeichen
+.RE
+.PP
+Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill characters\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR
+will reject any password which is not suitably complex\&.
+.SS "Hinweise zu Benutzerpassw\(:ortern"
+.PP
+The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space\&. The legacy
+\fIUNIX\fR
+System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm\&. More recent methods are now recommended (see
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR)\&. The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected\&.
+.PP
+Gefahren f\(:ur die Sicherheit von Passw\(:ortern kommen gew\(:ohnlich von sorgloser Wahl oder Handhabung des Passworts\&. Daher sollten Sie kein Passwort w\(:ahlen, das in einem W\(:orterbuch auftaucht oder das aufgeschrieben werden muss\&. Das Passwort sollte somit kein echter Name, Ihr Autokennzeichen, Geburtstag oder Ihre Adresse sein\&. All das kann dazu verwendet werden, das Passwort zu erraten, und stellt daher eine Gefahr f\(:ur die Sicherheit Ihres Systems dar\&.
+.PP
+You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en\&.wikipedia\&.org/wiki/Password_strength
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+.RS 4
+This option can be used only with
+\fB\-S\fR
+and causes show status for all users\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR
+.RS 4
+L\(:oscht das Passwort eines Benutzers (macht es leer)\&. Dies ist ein schneller Weg, um das Passwort eines Kontos zu deaktivieren\&. Dem Konto ist dann kein Passwort zugeordnet\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expire\fR
+.RS 4
+L\(:asst das Passwort eines Kontos sofort verfallen\&. Im Ergebnis kann damit erreicht werden, dass ein Benutzer beim n\(:achsten Login das Passwort \(:andern muss\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+This option is used to disable an account after the password has been expired for a number of days\&. After a user account has had an expired password for
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+days, the user may no longer sign on to the account\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-tokens\fR
+.RS 4
+Zeigt an, dass nur abgelaufene Passw\(:orter ge\(:andert werden sollen\&. Der Benutzer m\(:ochte seine g\(:ultigen Passw\(:orter unver\(:andert lassen\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
+.RS 4
+Sperrt das Passwort des bezeichneten Kontos\&. Die Option schaltet ein Passwort ab, indem es ihm einen Wert zuweist, der mit keinem m\(:oglichen verschl\(:usselten Wert \(:ubereinstimmen kann\&. Dies geschieht, indem ein \(Fc!\(Fo dem Passwort vorangestellt wird\&.
+.sp
+Note that this does not disable the account\&. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e\&.g\&. an SSH key)\&. To disable the account, administrators should use
+\fBusermod \-\-expiredate 1\fR
+(this set the account\*(Aqs expire date to Jan 2, 1970)\&.
+.sp
+Benutzer mit einem gesperrten Passwort k\(:onnen dieses nicht \(:andern\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
+\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+stiller Modus
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repository\fR\ \&\fIREPOSITORY\fR
+.RS 4
+change password in
+\fIREPOSITORY\fR
+repository
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-status\fR
+.RS 4
+Zeigt Informationen \(:uber den Kontostatus an\&. Die Statusinformation besteht aus sieben Feldern\&. Das erste Feld ist der Anmeldename des Benutzers\&. Das zweite Feld zeigt an, ob das Benutzerkonto ein gesperrtes Passwort (L), kein Passwort (NP) oder ein verwendbares Passwort hat (P)\&. Das dritte Feld zeigt das Datum der letzten \(:Anderung des Passworts an\&. Die n\(:achsten vier Felder sind das Mindestalter, das H\(:ochstalter, die Dauer der Warnung und die Dauer der Unt\(:atigkeit f\(:ur das Passwort\&. Die Zeitr\(:aume werden in Tagen ausgedr\(:uckt\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
+.RS 4
+Unlock the password of the named account\&. This option re\-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the
+\fB\-l\fR
+option)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The
+\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid\&. After
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR, the password is required to be changed\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&.
+.RE
+.SH "WARNUNGEN"
+.PP
+Die Komplexit\(:at der Passwortpr\(:ufung kann sich auf verschiedenen Systemen unterscheiden\&. Der Benutzer wird angehalten, ein m\(:oglichst komplexes, von ihm aber gut zu verwendendes Passwort zu w\(:ahlen\&.
+.PP
+Benutzer k\(:onnen unter Umst\(:anden ihr Passwort nicht \(:andern, wenn auf dem System NIS aktiviert ist, sie aber nicht am NIS\-Server angemeldet sind\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung
+.RE
+.SH "R\(:UCKGABEWERTE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+permission denied
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid combination of options
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+unexpected failure, nothing done
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+unexpected failure,
+passwd
+file missing
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+passwd
+file busy, try again
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBchpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man1/sg.1 b/man/de/man1/sg.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a90391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man1/sg.1
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: sg
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "SG" "1" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+sg \- f\(:uhrt einen Befehl unter einer anderen Gruppen\-ID aus
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBsg\fR\ 'u
+\fBsg\fR [\-] [group\ [\-c\ ]\ command]
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsg\fR
+command works similar to
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+but accepts a command\&. The command will be executed with the
+/bin/sh
+shell\&. With most shells you may run
+\fBsg\fR
+from, you need to enclose multi\-word commands in quotes\&. Another difference between
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+and
+\fBsg\fR
+is that some shells treat
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+creates\&. This doesn\*(Aqt happen with
+\fBsg\fR, so upon exit from a
+\fBsg\fR
+command you are returned to your previous group ID\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man1/su.1 b/man/de/man1/su.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae28464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man1/su.1
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: su
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "SU" "1" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+su \- \(:andert die Benutzer\-ID oder wechselt zu Root
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBsu\fR\ 'u
+\fBsu\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] [\fI\-\fR] [\fIBenutzername\fR\ [\ \fIargs\fR\ ]]
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsu\fR
+command is used to become another user during a login session\&. Invoked without a
+\fBusername\fR,
+\fBsu\fR
+defaults to becoming the superuser\&. The
+\fB\-\fR
+option may be used to provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly\&. The
+\fB\-c\fR
+option may be used to treat the next argument as a command by most shells\&.
+.PP
+Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list\&. You can use the
+\fB\-\-\fR
+argument to stop option parsing\&. The
+\fB\-\fR
+option is special: it is also recognized after
+\fB\-\-\fR, but has to be placed before
+\fBusername\fR\&.
+.PP
+Der Benutzer wird gegebenenfalls nach einem Passwort gefragt\&. Ung\(:ultige Passworteingaben werden eine Fehlermeldung erzeugen\&. Sowohl erfolgreiche als auch misslungene Versuche werden protokolliert, um Missbrauch des Systems zu entdecken\&.
+.PP
+The current environment is passed to the new shell\&. The value of
+\fB$PATH\fR
+is reset to
+/bin:/usr/bin
+for normal users, or
+/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
+for the superuser\&. This may be changed with the
+\fBENV_PATH\fR
+and
+\fBENV_SUPATH\fR
+definitions in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.PP
+Eine Subsystem\-Anmeldung wird durch einen \(Fc*\(Fo als erstes Zeichen der Anmelde\-Shell gekennzeichnet\&. Das angegebene Home\-Verzeichnis wird als Wurzel f\(:ur das Dateisystem verwendet, auf welchem der Benutzer tats\(:achlich angemeldet ist\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBsu\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR\ \&\fICOMMAND\fR
+.RS 4
+Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its
+\fB\-c\fR\&.
+.sp
+The executed command will have no controlling terminal\&. This option cannot be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-\fR, \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR
+.RS 4
+Eine Umgebung wird zur Verf\(:ugung gestellt, die der entspricht, die der Benutzer nach einer direkten Anmeldung erwartet\&.
+.sp
+When
+\fB\-\fR
+is used, it must be specified before any
+\fBusername\fR\&. For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any
+\fBusername\fR\&. The other forms (\fB\-l\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-login\fR) do not have this restriction\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+die Shell, die gestartet wird
+.sp
+The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first):
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The shell specified with \-\-shell\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
+is used, the shell specified by the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environment variable\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The shell indicated in the
+/etc/passwd
+entry for the target user\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+/bin/sh
+if a shell could not be found by any above method\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+If the target user has a restricted shell (i\&.e\&. the shell field of this user\*(Aqs entry in
+/etc/passwd
+is not listed in
+/etc/shells), then the
+\fB\-\-shell\fR
+option or the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environment variable won\*(Aqt be taken into account, unless
+\fBsu\fR
+is called by root\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
+.RS 4
+Preserve the current environment, except for:
+.PP
+\fB$PATH\fR
+.RS 4
+reset according to the
+/etc/login\&.defs
+options
+\fBENV_PATH\fR
+or
+\fBENV_SUPATH\fR
+(see below);
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB$IFS\fR
+.RS 4
+reset to
+\(Bq<space><tab><newline>\(lq, if it was set\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless
+\fBsu\fR
+is called by root)\&.
+.sp
+Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following:
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The
+\fB$HOME\fR,
+\fB$SHELL\fR,
+\fB$USER\fR,
+\fB$LOGNAME\fR,
+\fB$PATH\fR, and
+\fB$IFS\fR
+environment variables are reset\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is not used, the environment is copied, except for the variables above\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, the
+\fB$TERM\fR,
+\fB$COLORTERM\fR,
+\fB$DISPLAY\fR, and
+\fB$XAUTHORITY\fR
+environment variables are copied if they were set\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, the
+\fB$TZ\fR,
+\fB$HZ\fR, and
+\fB$MAIL\fR
+environment variables are set according to the
+/etc/login\&.defs
+options
+\fBENV_TZ\fR,
+\fBENV_HZ\fR,
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR, and
+\fBMAIL_FILE\fR
+(see below)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, other environment variables might be set by the
+\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR
+file (see below)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RE
+.SH "WARNUNGEN"
+.PP
+This version of
+\fBsu\fR
+has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung
+.RE
+.SH "R\(:UCKGABEWERTE"
+.PP
+On success,
+\fBsu\fR
+returns the exit value of the command it executed\&.
+.PP
+If this command was terminated by a signal,
+\fBsu\fR
+returns the number of this signal plus 128\&.
+.PP
+If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the command did not terminate in time),
+\fBsu\fR
+returns 255\&.
+.PP
+Some exit values from
+\fBsu\fR
+are independent from the executed command:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success (\fB\-\-help\fR
+only)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+System or authentication failure
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI126\fR
+.RS 4
+The requested command was not found
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI127\fR
+.RS 4
+The requested command could not be executed
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBsg\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man3/getspnam.3 b/man/de/man3/getspnam.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd473da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man3/getspnam.3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man3/shadow.3
diff --git a/man/de/man3/shadow.3 b/man/de/man3/shadow.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fd6d69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man3/shadow.3
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: shadow
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Bibliotheksaufrufe
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "SHADOW" "3" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Bibliotheksaufrufe"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+shadow, getspnam \- Routinen f\(:ur die Datei, die die verschl\(:usselten Passw\(:orter enth\(:alt
+.SH "SYNTAX"
+.PP
+\fI#include <shadow\&.h>\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *getspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fItruct spwd *getspnam(char\fR
+\fI*name\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIvoid setspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIvoid endspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *fgetspent(FILE\fR
+\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *sgetspent(char\fR
+\fI*cp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIint putspent(struct spwd\fR
+\fI*p,\fR
+\fIDATEIEN\fR
+\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIint lckpwdf();\fR
+.PP
+\fIint ulckpwdf();\fR
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+\fIshadow\fR
+manipulates the contents of the shadow password file,
+/etc/shadow\&. The structure in the
+\fI#include\fR
+file is:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct spwd {
+      char		*sp_namp; /* user login name */
+      char		*sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */
+      long int		sp_lstchg; /* last password change */
+      long int		sp_min; /* days until change allowed\&. */
+      long int		sp_max; /* days before change required */
+      long int		sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */
+      long int		sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */
+      long int		sp_expire; /* date when account expires */
+      unsigned long int	sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */
+}
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Die Bedeutung dieser Felder ist:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_namp \- Verweis auf Benutzername, der mit einer Null endet
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_pwdp \- Verweis auf Passwort, das mit einer Null endet
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_lstchg \- Anzahl der Tage gerechnet ab dem 1\&. Januar 1970, seitdem das Passwort das letzte Mal ge\(:andert wurde
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_min \- Anzahl der Tage, ehe das Passwort nicht ge\(:andert werden darf
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_max \- Anzahl der Tage, nach denen das Passwort ge\(:andert werden muss
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_warn \- Anzahl der Tage ehe das Passwort verf\(:allt, an denen der Benutzer vor dem Verfall gewarnt wird
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_inact \- Anzahl der Tage nach dem Verfall des Passworts, nach denen das Konto als inaktiv angesehen und abgeschaltet wird
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_expire \- Anzahl Tage gerechnet ab dem 1\&. Januar 1970, f\(:ur die das Konto abgeschaltet ist
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_flag \- f\(:ur zuk\(:unftigen Gebrauch reserviert
+.RE
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+\fIgetspent\fR,
+\fIgetspname\fR,
+\fIfgetspent\fR, and
+\fIsgetspent\fR
+each return a pointer to a
+\fIstruct spwd\fR\&.
+\fIgetspent\fR
+returns the next entry from the file, and
+\fIfgetspent\fR
+returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format\&.
+\fIsgetspent\fR
+returns a pointer to a
+\fIstruct spwd\fR
+using the provided string as input\&.
+\fIgetspnam\fR
+searches from the current position in the file for an entry matching
+\fIname\fR\&.
+.PP
+\fIsetspent\fR
+and
+\fIendspent\fR
+may be used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+and
+\fIulckpwdf\fR
+routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the
+/etc/shadow
+file\&.
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+attempts to acquire a lock using
+\fIpw_lock\fR
+for up to 15 seconds\&. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using
+\fIspw_lock\fR
+for the remainder of the initial 15 seconds\&. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds,
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+returns \-1\&. When both locks are acquired 0 is returned\&.
+.SH "DIAGNOSE"
+.PP
+Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing\&. Routines which have
+\fIint\fR
+as the return value return 0 for success and \-1 for failure\&.
+.SH "WARNUNGEN"
+.PP
+Diese Routinen k\(:onnen nur von Root verwendet werden, da der Zugriff auf die Shadow\-Passwort\-Datei beschr\(:ankt ist\&.
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBgetpwent\fR(3),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man5/faillog.5 b/man/de/man5/faillog.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e423aeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man5/faillog.5
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual:  File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "FAILLOG" "5" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuratio"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+faillog \- Datei mit fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account\&.
+.PP
+Eintr\(:age in dieser Datei haben eine festgelegte L\(:ange und sind der zahlenm\(:a\(ssigen UID nach angeordnet\&. Jeder Eintrag besteht aus der Anzahl der fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen seit der letzten erfolgreichen Anmeldung, der maximalen Anzahl von Fehlschl\(:agen, ehe das Konto abgeschaltet wird, dem Ger\(:at, auf dem die letzte fehlgeschlagene Anmeldung erfolgte, das Datum der letzten fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldung und die Dauer in Sekunden, f\(:ur die das Konto nach einem Fehlschlag gesperrt ist\&.
+.PP
+Die Datei ist so aufgebaut:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct	faillog {
+	short   fail_cnt;
+	short   fail_max;
+	char    fail_line[12];
+	time_t  fail_time;
+	long    fail_locktime;
+};
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+Datei mit fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR(8)
diff --git a/man/de/man5/gshadow.5 b/man/de/man5/gshadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8d0743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man5/gshadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: gshadow
+.\"    Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "GSHADOW" "5" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+gshadow \- Shadow\-Datei f\(:ur Gruppen
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+contains the shadowed information for group accounts\&.
+.PP
+Um die Sicherheit der Passw\(:orter zu gew\(:ahrleisten, darf diese Datei nicht f\(:ur normale Benutzer lesbar sein\&.
+.PP
+Die darin enthaltenen Zeilen haben folgende Felder, die durch Doppelpunkt getrennt sind:
+.PP
+\fBGruppenname\fR
+.RS 4
+Es muss sich um einen g\(:ultigen, auf dem System vorhandenen Gruppennamen handeln\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBverschl\(:usseltes Passwort\fR
+.RS 4
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.sp
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)\&.
+.sp
+The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1))\&.
+.sp
+Dieses Feld kann leer bleiben\&. Dies hat zur Folge, dass nur Gruppenmitglieder von den Rechten der Gruppe Gebrauch machen k\(:onnen\&.
+.sp
+A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&.
+.sp
+This password supersedes any password specified in
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBGruppenverwalter\fR
+.RS 4
+Es muss sich dabei um eine durch Kommas getrennte Liste von Benutzernamen handeln\&.
+.sp
+Gruppenverwalter k\(:onnen das Passwort und die Mitglieder der Gruppe \(:andern\&.
+.sp
+Gruppenverwalter haben die gleichen Recht wie die Gruppenmitglieder (siehe unten)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMitglieder\fR
+.RS 4
+Es muss sich dabei um eine durch Kommas getrennte Liste von Benutzernamen handeln\&.
+.sp
+Mitglieder haben Zugang zu der Gruppe, ohne eine Passwort eingeben zu m\(:ussen\&.
+.sp
+You should use the same list of users as in
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBgrpconv\fR(8),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man5/limits.5 b/man/de/man5/limits.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07222ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man5/limits.5
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: limits
+.\"    Author: Luca Berra
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "LIMITS" "5" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+limits \- Festlegung von Resourcenbeschr\(:ankungen
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fIlimits\fR
+file (/etc/limits
+by default or LIMITS_FILE defined
+config\&.h) describes the resource limits you wish to impose\&. It should be owned by root and readable by root account only\&.
+.PP
+Standardm\(:a\(ssig bestehen f\(:ur Root keine Einschr\(:ankungen\&. Tats\(:achlich gibt es keine M\(:oglichkeit, mit diesem Verfahren Root\-Konten (Konten mit der UID 0) Beschr\(:ankungen aufzuerlegen\&.
+.PP
+Jede Zeile beschreibt eine Beschr\(:ankung f\(:ur einen Benutzer in der Form:
+.PP
+\fIBenutzer BESCHR\(:ANKUNGSZEICHENKETTE\fR
+.PP
+oder in der Form:
+.PP
+\fI@Gruppe BESCHR\(:ANKUNGSZEICHENKETTE\fR
+.PP
+The
+\fILIMITS_STRING\fR
+is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits\&. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit\&.
+.PP
+G\(:ultige Kennungen sind:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+A: maximaler Adressraum (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+C: maximale Gr\(:o\(sse der Speicherabbild\-Datei
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+D: maximale Datengr\(:o\(sse (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+F: maximum file size (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+K: file creation mask, set by
+\fBumask\fR(2)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+I: Maximaler Wert von nice (0 bis 39, was in 20 bis \-19 \(:ubersetzt wird)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+L: maximale Anzahl von Logins f\(:ur diesen Benutzer
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+M: maximaler gesperrter Adressbereich im Speicher (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+N: maximale Anzahl offener Dateien
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+O: Maximale Echtzeit\-Priorit\(:at
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+P: process priority, set by
+\fBsetpriority\fR(2)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+R: maximale Resident Set Size (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+S: maximale Gr\(:o\(sse des Stapelverarbeitungsspeichers (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+T: maximale CPU\-Zeit (Min)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+U: maximale Anzahl von Prozessen
+.RE
+.PP
+For example,
+\fIL2D2048N5\fR
+is a valid
+\fILIMITS_STRING\fR\&. For reading convenience, the following entries are equivalent:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      username L2D2048N5
+      username L2 D2048 N5
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Be aware that after
+\fIusername\fR
+the rest of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed\&. An invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the
+\fBlogin\fR
+program\&.
+.PP
+The default entry is denoted by username "\fI*\fR"\&. If you have multiple
+\fIdefault\fR
+entries in your
+\fILIMITS_FILE\fR, then the last one will be used as the default entry\&.
+.PP
+The limits specified in the form "\fI@group\fR" apply to the members of the specified
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.PP
+If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for this user will be considered\&.
+.PP
+If no lines are specified for a user, the last
+\fI@group\fR
+line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the user\&.
+.PP
+To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" will do\&.
+.PP
+To disable a limit for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit\&.
+.PP
+Ber\(:ucksichtigen Sie auch, dass alle Beschr\(:ankungen nur JE ANMELDUNG gelten\&. Sie sind nicht global und auch nicht dauerhaft\&. Vielleicht wird es einmal globale Beschr\(:ankungen geben, f\(:ur jetzt muss dies aber reichen ;)
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/limits
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsetpriority\fR(2),
+\fBsetrlimit\fR(2)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man5/login.access.5 b/man/de/man5/login.access.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04fd0bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man5/login.access.5
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login.access
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "LOGIN\&.ACCESS" "5" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+login.access \- Tabelle f\(:ur die Zugangskontrolle zur Anmeldung
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fIlogin\&.access\fR
+file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused\&.
+.PP
+When someone logs in, the
+\fIlogin\&.access\fR
+is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non\-networked logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination\&. The permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be accepted or refused\&.
+.PP
+Jede Zeile der Tabelle f\(:ur die Zugangskontrolle enth\(:alt drei Felder, die jeweils durch einen Doppelpunkt \(Fc:\(Fo getrennt sind:
+.PP
+\fIpermission\fR:\fIusers\fR:\fIorigins\fR
+.PP
+The first field should be a "\fI+\fR" (access granted) or "\fI\-\fR" (access denied) character\&. The second field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or
+\fIALL\fR
+(always matches)\&. The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non\-networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with "\&."), host addresses, internet network numbers (end with "\&."),
+\fIALL\fR
+(always matches) or
+\fILOCAL\fR
+(matches any string that does not contain a "\&." character)\&. If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user patterns\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fIEXCEPT\fR
+operator makes it possible to write very compact rules\&.
+.PP
+Die Gruppendatei wird nur durchsucht, wenn ein Name nicht mit dem des angemeldeten Benutzers \(:ubereinstimmt\&. Eine \(:Ubereinstimmung mit Gruppen wird nur festgestellt, wenn darin der Benutzer ausdr\(:ucklich aufgef\(:uhrt ist\&. Das Programm beachtet also nicht den Wert der Hauptgruppe des Benutzers\&.
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man5/login.defs.5 b/man/de/man5/login.defs.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5c1cec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man5/login.defs.5
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login.defs
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "LOGIN\&.DEFS" "5" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+login.defs \- Konfiguration der Werkzeugsammlung f\(:ur Shadow\-Passw\(:orter
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+/etc/login\&.defs
+file defines the site\-specific configuration for the shadow password suite\&. This file is required\&. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation\&.
+.PP
+Diese Datei ist eine lesbare Textdatei\&. Jede Zeile der Datei beschreibt einen Konfigurationsparameter\&. Eine Zeile besteht aus einem Konfigurationsnamen und einem Wert, die durch ein Leerzeichen getrennt sind\&. Leer\- und Kommentarzeilen werden nicht beachtet\&. Kommentare werden mit dem Rautezeichen \(Fc#\(Fo eingeleitet\&. Die Raute muss das erste nicht leere Zeichen der Zeile sein\&.
+.PP
+Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long numbers\&. A string is comprised of any printable characters\&. A boolean should be either the value
+\fIyes\fR
+or
+\fIno\fR\&. An undefined boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a
+\fIno\fR
+value\&. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, octal values (precede the value with
+\fI0\fR) or hexadecimal values (precede the value with
+\fI0x\fR)\&. The maximum value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine\-dependent\&.
+.PP
+Die folgenden Konfigurationsm\(:oglichkeiten sind vorhanden:
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR,
+\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR
+and
+\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR
+are only used at the time of account creation\&. Any changes to these settings won\*(Aqt affect existing accounts\&.
+.SH "QUERVERWEISE"
+.PP
+Die folgenden Querverweise zeigen, welche Programme aus der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung welche Parameter verwenden\&.
+.PP
+chfn
+.RS 4
+CHFN_AUTH
+CHFN_RESTRICT
+LOGIN_STRING
+.RE
+.PP
+chgpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+chpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+chsh
+.RS 4
+CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING
+.RE
+.PP
+gpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+groupadd
+.RS 4
+GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN
+.RE
+.PP
+groupdel
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+groupmems
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+groupmod
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpck
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpconv
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpunconv
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+lastlog
+.RS 4
+LASTLOG_UID_MAX
+.RE
+.PP
+login
+.RS 4
+CONSOLE
+CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
+ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE
+ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY
+FAILLOG_ENAB
+FAKE_SHELL
+FTMP_FILE
+HUSHLOGIN_FILE
+ISSUE_FILE
+KILLCHAR
+LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX
+LOGIN_RETRIES
+LOGIN_STRING
+LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB
+MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB
+TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE
+ULIMIT UMASK
+USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+newgrp / sg
+.RS 4
+SYSLOG_SG_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+newusers
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK
+.RE
+.PP
+passwd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+pwck
+.RS 4
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+.RE
+.PP
+pwconv
+.RS 4
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+.RE
+.PP
+su
+.RS 4
+CONSOLE
+CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
+ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE
+ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH
+ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB
+SULOG_FILE SU_NAME
+SU_WHEEL_ONLY
+SYSLOG_SU_ENAB
+USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+sulogin
+.RS 4
+ENV_HZ
+ENV_TZ
+.RE
+.PP
+useradd
+.RS 4
+CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK
+.RE
+.PP
+userdel
+.RS 4
+MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+usermod
+.RS 4
+LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBpam\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man5/passwd.5 b/man/de/man5/passwd.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b274906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man5/passwd.5
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: passwd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "PASSWD" "5" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+passwd \- die Passwortdatei
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (\(Bq:\(lq)\&. These fields are:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+Anmeldename
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+optional verschl\(:usseltes Passwort
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numerische Benutzer\-ID
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numerische Gruppen\-ID
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+Benutzername oder Kommentarfeld
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+Home\-Verzeichnis des Benutzers
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+optional Befehlsinterpreter des Benutzers
+.RE
+.PP
+If the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field is a lower\-case
+\(Bqx\(lq, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the
+\fBshadow\fR(5)
+file instead; there
+\fImust\fR
+be a corresponding line in the
+/etc/shadow
+file, or else the user account is invalid\&.
+.PP
+The encrypted
+\fIpassword\fR
+field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
+/etc/passwd
+file may decide not to permit
+\fIany\fR
+access at all if the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field is blank\&.
+.PP
+A
+\fIpassword\fR
+field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field before the password was locked\&.
+.PP
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.PP
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
+.PP
+The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system utilities, such as
+\fBfinger\fR(1)\&. The use of an ampersand here will be replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed by such system utilities\&.
+.PP
+The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory\&. The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program uses this information to set the value of the
+\fB$HOME\fR
+environmental variable\&.
+.PP
+The command interpreter field provides the name of the user\*(Aqs command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute\&. The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program uses this information to set the value of the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environmental variable\&. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value
+/bin/sh\&.
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+optionale Datei f\(:ur verschl\(:usseltes Passwort
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd\-
+.RS 4
+Sicherungskopie von /etc/passwd
+.sp
+Beachten Sie, dass diese Datei von Werkzeugen der Shadow\-Werkzeugsammlung verwendet wird, aber nicht von allen sonstigen Programmen zur Benutzer\- und Passwortverwaltung\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgetent\fR(1),
+\fBgetpwnam\fR(3),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBpwconv\fR(8),
+\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man5/porttime.5 b/man/de/man5/porttime.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac127d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man5/porttime.5
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: porttime
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "PORTTIME" "5" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+porttime \- Datei f\(:ur zeitlich begrenzten Zugang zu Ports
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+\fIporttime\fR
+contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted login times\&.
+.PP
+Jeder Eintrag besteht aus drei Feldern, die durch Doppelpunkte getrennt sind\&. Das erste Feld enth\(:alt eine Liste von tty\-Ger\(:aten, die durch Kommata getrennt sind, oder einen Stern, was bedeutet, dass dieser Eintrag auf alle tty\-Ger\(:ate zutrifft\&. Das zweite Feld enth\(:alt eine Liste von Benutzernamen, die durch Kommata getrennt sind, oder einen Stern, was bedeutet, dass dieser Eintrag auf alle Benutzernamen zutrifft\&. Das dritte Feld ist eine Liste von Anmeldezeiten, die durch Kommata getrennt sind\&.
+.PP
+Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, abbreviated
+\fISu\fR,
+\fIMo\fR,
+\fITu\fR,
+\fIWe\fR,
+\fITh\fR,
+\fIFr\fR, and
+\fISa\fR, followed by a pair of times separated by a hyphen\&. The abbreviation
+\fIWk\fR
+may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and
+\fIAl\fR
+may be used to indicate every day\&. If no days are given,
+\fIAl\fR
+is assumed\&.
+.SH "BEISPIELE"
+.PP
+The following entry allows access to user
+\fBjfh\fR
+on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm\&.
+.PP
+*:jfh:Wk0900\-1700
+.PP
+The following entries allow access only to the users
+\fIroot\fR
+and
+\fIoper\fR
+on
+/dev/console
+at any time\&. This illustrates how the
+/etc/porttime
+file is an ordered list of access times\&. Any other user would match the second entry which does not permit access at any time\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      console:root,oper:Al0000\-2400
+      console:*:
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+The following entry allows access for the user
+\fIgames\fR
+on any port during non\-working hours\&.
+.PP
+*:games:Wk1700\-0900,SaSu0000\-2400
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+Datei, die den Port\-Zugriff enth\(:alt\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man5/shadow.5 b/man/de/man5/shadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..032cd80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man5/shadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: shadow
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "SHADOW" "5" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+shadow \- Shadow\-Passwortdatei
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+shadow
+is a file which contains the password information for the system\*(Aqs accounts and optional aging information\&.
+.PP
+Um die Sicherheit der Passw\(:orter zu gew\(:ahrleisten, darf diese Datei nicht f\(:ur normale Benutzer lesbar sein\&.
+.PP
+Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (\(Bq:\(lq), in the following order:
+.PP
+\fBAnmeldename\fR
+.RS 4
+Dabei muss es sich um eine g\(:ultigen Kontonamen handeln, der auf dem System existiert\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBverschl\(:usseltes Passwort\fR
+.RS 4
+This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
+/etc/shadow
+file may decide not to permit any access at all if the password field is empty\&.
+.sp
+A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&.
+.sp
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.sp
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBDatum, an dem das Passwort das letzte Mal ge\(:andert wurde\fR
+.RS 4
+The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&.
+.sp
+The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her password the next time she will log in the system\&.
+.sp
+Ein leeres Feld bedeutet, dass das Altern des Passworts abgeschaltet ist\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMindestalter des Passworts\fR
+.RS 4
+Das Mindestalter des Passworts ist die Anzahl von Tagen, die ein Benutzer warten muss, bevor er sein Passwort wieder \(:andern darf\&.
+.sp
+An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBH\(:ochstalter des Passworts\fR
+.RS 4
+Das H\(:ochstalter des Passworts ist die Anzahl von Tagen, nach welcher der Benutzer sein Passwort \(:andern muss\&.
+.sp
+Auch nach Ablauf dieser Anzahl von Tagen bleibt das Passwort g\(:ultig\&. Der Benutzer wird bei der n\(:achsten Anmeldung aufgefordert, sein Passwort zu \(:andern\&.
+.sp
+Ein leeres Feld bedeutet, dass es kein H\(:ochstalter f\(:ur das Passwort, keine Vorwarnung und keine Dauer der Unt\(:atigkeit (siehe unten) gibt\&.
+.sp
+Wenn das H\(:ochstalter niedriger als das Mindestalter eines Passworts ist, kann ein Benutzer sein Passwort nicht \(:andern\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPasswortvorwarndauer\fR
+.RS 4
+Die Anzahl von Tagen, w\(:ahrend welcher der Benutzer vorgewarnt wird, bevor sein Passwort abl\(:auft (siehe das H\(:ochstalter des Passworts)\&.
+.sp
+Ein leeres Feld oder der Wert 0 bedeutet, dass es keine Vorwarnung gibt\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBDauer der fehlenden Verwendung des Passworts\fR
+.RS 4
+Die Anzahl von Tagen, f\(:ur die ein Benutzer sein Passwort, nachdem es abgelaufen ist (vergleiche oben das H\(:ochstalter des Passworts), noch verwenden kann (und w\(:ahrend des n\(:achsten Logins \(:andern muss)\&.
+.sp
+After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no login is possible for the user\&. The user should contact her administrator\&.
+.sp
+Ein leeres Feld bedeutet, dass es keine H\(:ochstdauer zwischen Ablauf des Passworts und erneuter Anmeldung des Benutzers gibt\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBDatum des Verfalls des Kontos\fR
+.RS 4
+The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&.
+.sp
+Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration\&. In case of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login\&. In case of a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password\&.
+.sp
+Ein leeres Feld bedeutet, dass das Konto nicht verfallen wird\&.
+.sp
+Der Wert 0 sollte nicht verwendet werden, weil er sowohl bedeuten kann, dass das Konto nicht verf\(:allt als auch, dass das Konto bereits am 1\&. Januar 1970 verfallen ist\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBreserviertes Feld\fR
+.RS 4
+Dieses Feld ist f\(:ur zuk\(:unftigen Gebrauch reserviert\&.
+.RE
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-
+.RS 4
+Sicherungskopie von /etc/shadow
+.sp
+Beachten Sie, dass diese Datei von Werkzeugen der Shadow\-Werkzeugsammlung verwendet wird, aber nicht von allen sonstigen Programmen zur Benutzer\- und Passwortverwaltung\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBchage\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBpwconv\fR(8),
+\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man5/suauth.5 b/man/de/man5/suauth.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29fd2a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man5/suauth.5
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: suauth
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "SUAUTH" "5" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+suauth \- ausf\(:uhrliche Kontrolldatei f\(:ur su
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fB/etc/suauth\fR\ 'u
+\fB/etc/suauth\fR
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The file
+/etc/suauth
+is referenced whenever the su command is called\&. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      1) the user su is targeting
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+2) dem Benutzer, der su ausf\(:uhrt (oder einer Gruppe, deren Mitglied er ist)
+.PP
+Die Datei ist folgenderma\(ssen aufgebaut, wobei Zeilen, die mit einem # beginnen, als Kommentare behandelt und daher ignoriert werden:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      to\-id:from\-id:ACTION
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Where to\-id is either the word
+\fIALL\fR, a list of usernames delimited by "," or the words
+\fIALL EXCEPT\fR
+followed by a list of usernames delimited by ","\&.
+.PP
+from\-id is formatted the same as to\-id except the extra word
+\fIGROUP\fR
+is recognized\&.
+\fIALL EXCEPT GROUP\fR
+is perfectly valid too\&. Following
+\fIGROUP\fR
+appears one or more group names, delimited by ","\&. It is not sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in
+\fB/etc/group\fR(5)
+is necessary\&.
+.PP
+Als Aktion k\(:onnen nur die folgenden Optionen angegeben werden\&.
+.PP
+\fIDENY\fR
+.RS 4
+Der Versuch, su auszuf\(:uhren, wird abgebrochen, ehe nach einem Passwort gefragt wird\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fINOPASS\fR
+.RS 4
+Der Versuch, su auszuf\(:uhren, hat automatisch Erfolg\&. Ein Passwort wird nicht abgefragt\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIOWNPASS\fR
+.RS 4
+Damit der Befehl su Erfolg hat, muss der Benutzer sein eigenes Passwort eingeben\&. Darauf wird er hingewiesen\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Beachten Sie, dass es sich um drei selbst\(:andige Felder handelt, die durch einen Doppelpunkt getrennt sind\&. Neben den Doppelpunkten darf sich kein Leerzeichen befinden\&. Beachten Sie zudem, dass die Datei von oben nach unten Zeile f\(:ur Zeile durchgegangen wird\&. Die erste Regel, die zutreffend ist, wird angewendet, ohne dass die Datei weiter ausgewertet wird\&. Damit kann ein Systemadministrator eine strenge Kontrolle aus\(:uben\&.
+.SH "BEISPIEL"
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      # sample /etc/suauth file
+      #
+      # A couple of privileged usernames may
+      # su to root with their own password\&.
+      #
+      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS
+      #
+      # Anyone else may not su to root unless in
+      # group wheel\&. This is how BSD does things\&.
+      #
+      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY
+      #
+      # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts
+      # owned by the same person\&.
+      # Access can be arranged between them
+      # with no password\&.
+      #
+      terry:birddog:NOPASS
+      birddog:terry:NOPASS
+      #
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/suauth
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.SH "FEHLER"
+.PP
+Es gibt zahlreiche Fehlerquellen\&. Die Auswertung der Datei ist sehr empfindlich bei Syntaxfehlern, zus\(:atzlichen Leerzeichen (au\(sser am Anfang und Schluss einer Zeile) und dem besonderen Zeichen, das die verschiedenen Felder von einander trennt\&.
+.SH "DIAGNOSE"
+.PP
+An error parsing the file is reported using
+\fBsyslogd\fR(8)
+as level ERR on facility AUTH\&.
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBsu\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man8/chgpasswd.8 b/man/de/man8/chgpasswd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d17a8dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/chgpasswd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chgpasswd
+.\"    Author: Thomas K\(/loczko <kloczek@pld.org.pl>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "CHGPASSWD" "8" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+chgpasswd \- aktualisiert Gruppenpassw\(:orter im Batch\-Modus
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBchgpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBchgpasswd\fR [\fIOptionen\fR]
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchgpasswd\fR
+command reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups\&. Each line is of the format:
+.PP
+\fIgroup_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR
+.PP
+By default the supplied password must be in clear\-text, and is encrypted by
+\fBchgpasswd\fR\&.
+.PP
+The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+variable of
+/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the
+\fB\-e\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-c\fR
+options\&.
+.PP
+Dieser Befehl ist f\(:ur den Einsatz in gro\(ssen Umgebungen vorgesehen, in der viele Konten gleichzeitig erstellt werden m\(:ussen\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchgpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
+.RS 4
+Definiert die Methode, mit der die Passw\(:orter verschl\(:usselt werden\&.
+.sp
+Die verf\(:ugbaren Methoden sind DES, MD5, NONE und SHA256 oder SHA512, soweit Ihre libc sie unterst\(:utzt\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
+.RS 4
+Passw\(:orter werden verschl\(:usselt angegeben\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
+.RS 4
+werwendet zur Verschl\(:usselung MD5 anstelle von DES, wenn die Passw\(:orter unverschl\(:usselt angegeben werden
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
+.RS 4
+Verwendet die angegebene Anzahl von Runden, um die Passw\(:orter zu verschl\(:usseln\&.
+.sp
+Ein Wert von 0 bedeutet, dass das System die Standardanzahl der Runden (5000) f\(:ur die Verschl\(:usselung verwenden wird\&.
+.sp
+Der Mindestwert ist 1000, der H\(:ochstwert 999\&.999\&.999\&.
+.sp
+Sie k\(:onnen diese Option nur mit den Verschl\(:usselungsmethoden SHA256 und SHA512 verwenden\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "WARNUNGEN"
+.PP
+Achten Sie darauf, dass die Rechte und Umask korrekt vergeben sind, um zu verhindern, dass andere Benutzer unverschl\(:usselte Dateien lesen k\(:onnen\&.
+.PP
+Sie sollten darauf achten, dass Passw\(:orter und Verschl\(:usselungsmethode in Einklage mit der Passwortrichtlinie des Systems stehen\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man8/chpasswd.8 b/man/de/man8/chpasswd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..270aa49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/chpasswd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chpasswd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "CHPASSWD" "8" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+chpasswd \- aktualisiert Passw\(:orter im Batch\-Modus
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBchpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBchpasswd\fR [\fIOptionen\fR]
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users\&. Each line is of the format:
+.PP
+\fIuser_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR
+.PP
+By default the passwords must be supplied in clear\-text, and are encrypted by
+\fBchpasswd\fR\&. Also the password age will be updated, if present\&.
+.PP
+The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+or
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variables of
+/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the
+\fB\-e\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-c\fR
+options\&.
+.PP
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user\&.
+.PP
+Dieser Befehl ist f\(:ur den Einsatz in gro\(ssen Umgebungen vorgesehen, in der viele Konten gleichzeitig erstellt werden m\(:ussen\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR\ \&\fIMETHOD\fR
+.RS 4
+Definiert die Methode, mit der die Passw\(:orter verschl\(:usselt werden\&.
+.sp
+Die verf\(:ugbaren Methoden sind DES, MD5, NONE und SHA256 oder SHA512, soweit Ihre libc sie unterst\(:utzt\&.
+.sp
+By default (if none of the
+\fB\-c\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-e\fR
+options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+or
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variables of
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
+.RS 4
+Passw\(:orter werden verschl\(:usselt angegeben\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
+.RS 4
+werwendet zur Verschl\(:usselung MD5 anstelle von DES, wenn die Passw\(:orter unverschl\(:usselt angegeben werden
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR\ \&\fIROUNDS\fR
+.RS 4
+Verwendet die angegebene Anzahl von Runden, um die Passw\(:orter zu verschl\(:usseln\&.
+.sp
+Ein Wert von 0 bedeutet, dass das System die Standardanzahl der Runden (5000) f\(:ur die Verschl\(:usselung verwenden wird\&.
+.sp
+Der Mindestwert ist 1000, der H\(:ochstwert 999\&.999\&.999\&.
+.sp
+Sie k\(:onnen diese Option nur mit den Verschl\(:usselungsmethoden SHA256 und SHA512 verwenden\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+and
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
+variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "WARNUNGEN"
+.PP
+Achten Sie darauf, dass die Rechte und Umask korrekt vergeben sind, um zu verhindern, dass andere Benutzer unverschl\(:usselte Dateien lesen k\(:onnen\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man8/faillog.8 b/man/de/man8/faillog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf5703b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/faillog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "FAILLOG" "8" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+faillog \- zeigt Aufzeichnungen der fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen an oder richtet Beschr\(:ankungen f\(:ur fehlgeschlagene Anmeldungen ein
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBfaillog\fR\ 'u
+\fBfaillog\fR [\fIOptionen\fR]
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+displays the contents of the failure log database (/var/log/faillog)\&. It can also set the failure counters and limits\&. When
+\fBfaillog\fR
+is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBfaillog\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+.RS 4
+Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the
+faillog
+database\&.
+.sp
+The range of users can be restricted with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&.
+.sp
+Im Anzeigemodus ist dies auf vorhandene Benutzer beschr\(:ankt, erzwingt aber die Anzeige der Faillog\-Eintr\(:age, auch wenn diese leer sind\&.
+.sp
+With the
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR,
+\fB\-r\fR,
+\fB\-t\fR
+options, the users\*(Aq records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the system\&. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of users\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\-secs\fR\ \&\fISEC\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock account for
+\fISEC\fR
+seconds after failed login\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-maximum\fR\ \&\fIMAX\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to
+\fIMAX\fR\&.
+.sp
+Selecting a
+\fIMAX\fR
+value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed logins\&.
+.sp
+The maximum failure count should always be 0 for
+\fIroot\fR
+to prevent a denial of services attack against the system\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reset\fR
+.RS 4
+setzt die Z\(:ahlerst\(:ande der fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldeversuche zur\(:uck
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Display faillog records more recent than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR
+.RS 4
+Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used with
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR
+or
+\fB\-r\fR
+options) only for the specified user(s)\&.
+.sp
+The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users\&. This
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+When none of the
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-r\fR
+options are used,
+\fBfaillog\fR
+displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)\&.
+.SH "WARNUNGEN"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+only prints out users with no successful login since the last failure\&. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+flag, or print out all users with the
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag\&.
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+Datei mit fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBfaillog\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/de/man8/groupadd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bbc5f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/groupadd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupadd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPADD" "8" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+groupadd \- erstellt eine neue Gruppe
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupadd\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupadd\fR [\fIOPTIONEN\fR] \fINEWGROUP\fR
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the groupname\&. Fully numeric groupnames and groupnames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists\&. When used with
+\fB\-g\fR, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i\&.e\&.
+\fB\-g\fR
+is turned off)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+The numerical value of the group\*(Aqs ID\&.
+\fIGID\fR
+must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to
+\fBGID_MIN\fR
+and greater than every other group\&.
+.sp
+See also the
+\fB\-r\fR
+option and the
+\fBGID_MAX\fR
+description\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR
+.RS 4
+Overrides
+/etc/login\&.defs
+defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others)\&. Multiple
+\fB\-K\fR
+options can be specified\&.
+.sp
+Example:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \&
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+.sp
+Note:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+doesn\*(Aqt work yet\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID\&. As a result, for this
+\fIGID\fR, the mapping towards group
+\fINEWGROUP\fR
+may not be unique\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines an initial password for the group account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths system account file
+/etc/group
+or
+/etc/gshadow\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Sie sollten sicherstellen, dass das Passwort den Passwortrichtlinien des Systems entspricht\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+erstellt eine neue Systemgruppe
+.sp
+The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBGID_MIN\fR\-\fBGID_MAX\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung
+.RE
+.SH "WARNUNGEN"
+.PP
+Sie k\(:onnen einen Benutzer nicht einer NIS\- oder LDAP\-Gruppe hinzuf\(:ugen\&. Dies m\(:ussen Sie auf dem entsprechenden Server durchf\(:uhren\&.
+.PP
+If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP,
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+will deny the group creation request\&.
+.SH "R\(:UCKGABEWERTE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+GID is already used (when called without
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+group name is already used
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/de/man8/groupdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c537d57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/groupdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPDEL" "8" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+groupdel \- l\(:oscht eine Gruppe
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupdel\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] \fIGRUPPE\fR
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to
+\fIGROUP\fR\&. The named group must exist\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the group, even if there\*(Aqs some user having the group as the primary one\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.SH "WARNUNGEN"
+.PP
+Sie k\(:onnen nicht die Hauptgruppe eines Benutzers entfernen\&. Dazu m\(:ussten Sie zun\(:achst den betreffenden Benutzer l\(:oschen\&.
+.PP
+Sie sollten von Hand alle Systemdateien \(:uberpr\(:ufen, um sicherzustellen, dass keine Dateien, die der gel\(:oschten Gruppe angeh\(:oren, vorhanden sind\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.SH "R\(:UCKGABEWERTE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove user\*(Aqs primary group
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man8/groupmems.8 b/man/de/man8/groupmems.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..199cf7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/groupmems.8
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmems
+.\"    Author: George Kraft, IV
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPMEMS" "8" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+groupmems \- verwaltet die Mitglieder der Hauptgruppe eines Benutzers
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmems\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmems\fR \-a\ \fIuser_name\fR | \-d\ \fIuser_name\fR | [\-g\ \fIgroup_name\fR] | \-l | \-p 
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+command allows a user to administer their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges\&. The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i\&.e\&., guest / guest)\&.
+.PP
+Only the superuser, as administrator, can use
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+to alter the memberships of other groups\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a user to the group membership list\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR
+.RS 4
+L\(:oscht einen Benutzer aus der Mitgliederliste der Gruppe\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, the user will be removed from the list of members and administrators of the group\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR\ \&\fIgroup_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Root kann eine Gruppen bestimmen, deren Mitgliederliste er bearbeiten will\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+gibt die Mitgliederliste aus
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-purge\fR
+.RS 4
+l\(:oscht alle Benutzer aus der Mitgliederliste der Gruppe
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.SH "EINRICHTUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+executable should be in mode
+2710
+as user
+\fIroot\fR
+and in group
+\fIgroups\fR\&. The system administrator can add users to group
+\fIgroups\fR
+to allow or disallow them using the
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+utility to manage their own group membership list\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+	$ groupadd \-r groups
+	$ chmod 2710 groupmems
+	$ chown root\&.groups groupmems
+	$ groupmems \-g groups \-a gk4
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/de/man8/groupmod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0be747
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/groupmod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPMOD" "8" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+groupmod \- \(:andert die Eigenschaften einer Gruppe auf dem System
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmod\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmod\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] \fIGRUPPE\fR
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command modifies the definition of the specified
+\fIGROUP\fR
+by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+If group members are specified with \-U, append them to the existing member list, rather than replacing it\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+The group ID of the given
+\fIGROUP\fR
+will be changed to
+\fIGID\fR\&.
+.sp
+The value of
+\fIGID\fR
+must be a non\-negative decimal integer\&. This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&.
+.sp
+Benutzer, welche die Gruppe als Hauptgruppe verwenden, werden aktualisiert, um die Gruppe als Hauptgruppe zu behalten\&.
+.sp
+Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to
+\fIGROUP\fR, must have their group ID changed manually\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to the
+\fBGID_MIN\fR,
+\fBGID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR, or
+\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-new\-name\fR\ \&\fINEW_GROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the group will be changed from
+\fIGROUP\fR
+to
+\fINEW_GROUP\fR
+name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+When used with the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option, allow to change the group
+\fIGID\fR
+to a non\-unique value\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+The encrypted password, as returned by
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Sie sollten sicherstellen, dass das Passwort den Passwortrichtlinien des Systems entspricht\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.SH "R\(:UCKGABEWERTE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+E_SUCCESS: success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+E_USAGE: invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GRP_UPDATE: can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI11\fR
+.RS 4
+E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can\*(Aqt setup cleanup service
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_USERNAME: can\*(Aqt determine your username for use with pam
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI13\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man8/grpck.8 b/man/de/man8/grpck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07a9cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/grpck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: grpck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "GRPCK" "8" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+grpck \- \(:uberpr\(:uft die Stimmigkeit der Gruppendateien
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBgrpck\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpck\fR [Optionen] [\fIGruppe\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]]
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command verifies the integrity of the groups information\&. It checks that all entries in
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&.
+.PP
+Es wird \(:uberpr\(:uft, ob jeder Eintrag folgende Eigenschaften aufweist:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+die richtige Anzahl von Feldern
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+einen eindeutigen und g\(:ultigen Gruppennamen
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid group identifier
+(/etc/group only)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid list of members
+and administrators
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a corresponding entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file (respectively
+/etc/group
+for the
+gshadow
+checks)
+.RE
+.PP
+The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal\&. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command to correct the error\&.
+.PP
+The commands which operate on the
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow files
+are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&.
+\fBgrpck\fR
+should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR
+and
+\fB\-s\fR
+options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Execute the
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command in read\-only mode\&. This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered
+\fIno\fR
+without user intervention\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Sort entries in
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+by GID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-silence\-warnings\fR
+.RS 4
+Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about inconsistency between group members listed in
+/etc/group
+and
+/etc/ghadow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+By default,
+\fBgrpck\fR
+operates on
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the
+\fIgroup\fR
+and \fIshadow\fR parameters\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.SH "R\(:UCKGABEWERTE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+one or more bad group entries
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt open group files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt lock group files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group files
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man8/grpconv.8 b/man/de/man8/grpconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/grpconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/de/man8/grpunconv.8 b/man/de/man8/grpunconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/grpunconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/de/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/de/man8/lastlog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f35ebc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/lastlog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: lastlog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "LASTLOG" "8" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+lastlog \- berichtet die letzte Anmeldung f\(:ur alle oder einen bestimmten Benutzer
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBlastlog\fR\ 'u
+\fBlastlog\fR [\fIOptionen\fR]
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+\fBlastlog\fR
+formats and prints the contents of the last login log
+/var/log/lastlog
+file\&. The
+\fIlogin\-name\fR,
+\fIport\fR, and
+\fIlast login time\fR
+will be printed\&. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in
+/etc/passwd\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBlastlog\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-before\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Print only lastlog records older than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-clear\fR
+.RS 4
+Clear lastlog record of a user\&. This option can be used only together with
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-set\fR
+.RS 4
+Set lastlog record of a user to the current time\&. This option can be used only together with
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Print the lastlog records more recent than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR
+.RS 4
+gibt nur die Lastlog\-Eintr\(:age f\(:ur die angegebenen Benutzer aus
+.sp
+The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users\&. This
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If the user has never logged in the message
+\fI** Never logged in**\fR
+will be displayed instead of the port and time\&.
+.PP
+Es werden nur Eintr\(:age f\(:ur auf dem System vorhandene Benutzer angezeigt, selbst wenn Eintr\(:age \(:uber gel\(:oschte Benutzer noch vorhanden sind\&.
+.SH "ANMERKUNGEN"
+.PP
+The
+lastlog
+file is a database which contains info on the last login of each user\&. You should not rotate it\&. It is a sparse file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by "\fBls \-l\fR" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in
+passwd
+users with a high UID)\&. You can display its real size with "\fBls \-s\fR"\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/var/log/lastlog
+.RS 4
+Datenbank mit Zeiten der letzten Anmeldung der Benutzer
+.RE
+.SH "WARNUNGEN"
+.PP
+Gro\(sse L\(:ucken in den UID\-Zahlen haben zur Folge, dass das Lastlog\-Programm l\(:angere Zeit ohne Bildschirmausgabe l\(:auft\&. Wenn sich z\&.B\&. in der Datenbank von Lastlog kein Eintrag f\(:ur Benutzer mit der UID zwischen 170 und 800 befindet, wird es scheinen, als ob lastlog stehen geblieben ist, w\(:ahrend es die Eintr\(:age mit der UID 171 bis 799 verarbeitet\&.
+.PP
+Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the
+<term> /var/log/lastlog</term>
+with external tools\&. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by default and may require a specific option to handle them\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/de/man8/logoutd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2abfeec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/logoutd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: logoutd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "LOGOUTD" "8" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+logoutd \- richtet Beschr\(:ankung von Anmeldezeiten ein
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBlogoutd\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in
+/etc/porttime\&.
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+should be started from
+/etc/rc\&. The
+/var/run/utmp
+file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time\&. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in
+/etc/porttime
+is terminated\&.
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+Datei, die den Port\-Zugriff enth\(:alt\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/var/run/utmp
+.RS 4
+Liste der aktuellen angemeldeten Sitzungen
+.RE
diff --git a/man/de/man8/newusers.8 b/man/de/man8/newusers.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a69c81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/newusers.8
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newusers
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "NEWUSERS" "8" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+newusers \- erstellt oder aktualisiert mehrere neue Benutzer am St\(:uck
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBnewusers\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewusers\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] [\fIDatei\fR]
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewusers\fR
+command reads a
+\fIfile\fR
+(or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users\&. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)) with the exceptions explained below:
+.PP
+pw_Name:pw_Passwort:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_Verz:pw_shell
+.PP
+\fIpw_Name\fR
+.RS 4
+Dies ist der Name des Benutzers\&.
+.sp
+It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR)\&. In case of an existing user, the user\*(Aqs information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_Passwort\fR
+.RS 4
+Dieses Feld wird verschl\(:usselt und als neuer Wert f\(:ur das verschl\(:usselte Passwort verwendet\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_uid\fR
+.RS 4
+Mit diesem Feld wird die UID des Benutzers bestimmt\&.
+.sp
+If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+Wenn dieses Feld eine Zahl enth\(:alt, wird sie als UID verwendet\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), the UID of the specified user will be used\&.
+.sp
+Falls die UID eines bestehenden Benutzers ver\(:andert wird, muss der Eigent\(:umer der Dateien des Benutzers per Hand angepasst werden\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_gid\fR
+.RS 4
+Mit diesem Feld wird die ID der Hauptgruppe des Benutzers definiert\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user\&.
+.sp
+Wenn dieses Feld eine Zahl enth\(:alt, wird sie als ID der Hauptgruppe des Benutzers verwendet\&. Falls eine Gruppe mit dieser GID nicht existiert, wird eine neue Gruppe mit dieser GID unter dem Namen des Benutzers erstellt\&.
+.sp
+If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by
+\fBnewusers\fR
+to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by
+\fBnewusers\fR
+to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_gecos\fR
+.RS 4
+Dieses Feld wird in das GECOS\-Feld des Benutzers kopiert\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_Verz\fR
+.RS 4
+Mit diesem Feld wird das Home\-Verzeichnis des Benutzers definiert\&.
+.sp
+If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or updated and its primary group\&. Note that
+\fInewusers does not create parent directories \fR
+of the new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr informing the user of the failure\&. The newusers command will not halt or return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified\&.
+.sp
+If the home directory of an existing user is changed,
+\fBnewusers\fR
+does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location\&. This should be done manually\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_shell\fR
+.RS 4
+Mit diesem Feld wird die Shell des Benutzers definiert\&. Diese Eingabe wird nicht \(:uberpr\(:uft\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBnewusers\fR
+first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases\&. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases\&.
+.PP
+Dieser Befehl ist f\(:ur den Einsatz in einer Umgebung mit zahlreichen Systemen vorgesehen, in der viele Konten gleichzeitig aktualisiert werden m\(:ussen\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBnewusers\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
+.RS 4
+Definiert die Methode, mit der die Passw\(:orter verschl\(:usselt werden\&.
+.sp
+Die verf\(:ugbaren Methoden sind DES, MD5, NONE und SHA256 oder SHA512, soweit Ihre libc sie unterst\(:utzt\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+erstellt ein Systemkonto
+.sp
+System users will be created with no aging information in
+/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
+(and their
+\fBGID\fR
+counterparts for the creation of groups)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
+.RS 4
+Verwendet die angegebene Anzahl von Runden, um die Passw\(:orter zu verschl\(:usseln\&.
+.sp
+Ein Wert von 0 bedeutet, dass das System die Standardanzahl der Runden (5000) f\(:ur die Verschl\(:usselung verwenden wird\&.
+.sp
+Der Mindestwert ist 1000, der H\(:ochstwert 999\&.999\&.999\&.
+.sp
+Sie k\(:onnen diese Option nur mit den Verschl\(:usselungsmethoden SHA256 und SHA512 verwenden\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "WARNUNGEN"
+.PP
+Die Eingabedatei muss gesch\(:utzt werden, da sie unverschl\(:usselte Passw\(:orter enth\(:alt\&.
+.PP
+Sie sollten darauf achten, dass Passw\(:orter und Verschl\(:usselungsmethode in Einklage mit der Passwortrichtlinie des Systems stehen\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+
+
+
+
+
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man8/nologin.8 b/man/de/man8/nologin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c019453
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/nologin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: nologin
+.\"    Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "NOLOGIN" "8" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+nologin \- lehnt h\(:oflich eine Anmeldung ab
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBnologin\fR\ 'u
+\fBnologin\fR
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnologin\fR
+command displays a message that an account is not available and exits non\-zero\&. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled\&.
+.PP
+To disable all logins, investigate
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBSSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND\fR
+is populated it will be logged\&.
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.SH "GESCHICHTE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnologin\fR
+command appeared in BSD 4\&.4\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man8/pwck.8 b/man/de/man8/pwck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90dc820
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/pwck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: pwck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "PWCK" "8" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+pwck \- verify the integrity of password files
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBpwck\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwck\fR [Optionen] [\fIPASSWORDFILE\fR\ [\ \fISHADOWFILE\fR\ ]]
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwck\fR
+command verifies the integrity of the users and authentication information\&. It checks that all entries in
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow
+have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&.
+.PP
+Es wird \(:uberpr\(:uft, ob jeder Eintrag folgende Eigenschaften aufweist:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+die richtige Anzahl von Feldern
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+einen eindeutigen und g\(:ultigen Benutzernamen
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+eine g\(:ultige Benutzer\- und Gruppenkennung
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+eine g\(:ultige Hauptgruppe
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+ein g\(:ultiges Home\-Verzeichnis
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+eine g\(:ultige Anmelde\-Shell
+.RE
+.PP
+Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file parameter
+\fISHADOWFILE\fR
+is specified or when
+/etc/shadow
+exists on the system\&.
+.PP
+Diese Tests umfassen Folgendes:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+ob jedem Eintrag in passwd ein Eintrag in shadow entspricht und umgekehrt
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+ob die Passw\(:orter in der Shadow\-Datei niedergelegt sind
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+ob die shadow\-Eintr\(:age die richtige Anzahl von Feldern haben
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+ob die Shadow\-Eintr\(:age in shadow eindeutig sind
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+dass das Datum der letzten Passwort\(:anderung nicht in der Zukunft liegt
+.RE
+.PP
+The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal\&. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the
+\fBusermod\fR
+command to correct the error\&.
+.PP
+The commands which operate on the
+/etc/passwd
+file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&.
+\fBpwck\fR
+should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR
+and
+\fB\-s\fR
+options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpwck\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+meldet nur Fehler\&. Warnungen, die keine Handlung des Benutzers erfordern, werden nicht angezeigt
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Execute the
+\fBpwck\fR
+command in read\-only mode\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Sort entries in
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow
+by UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+By default,
+\fBpwck\fR
+operates on the files
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and
+\fIshadow\fR
+parameters\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.SH "R\(:UCKGABEWERTE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwck\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+one or more bad password entries
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt open password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt lock password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt sort password files
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man8/pwconv.8 b/man/de/man8/pwconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf02773
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/pwconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: pwconv
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "PWCONV" "8" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv \- konvertiert zu oder von Shadow\-Passw\(:ortern und \-gruppen
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBpwconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwconv\fR [\fIOptionen\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBpwunconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwunconv\fR [\fIOptionen\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBgrpconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpconv\fR [\fIOptionen\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBgrpunconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpunconv\fR [\fIOptionen\fR]
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIshadow\fR
+from
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and an optionally existing
+\fIshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwunconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIpasswd\fR
+from
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and
+\fIshadow\fR
+and then removes
+\fIshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIgshadow\fR
+from
+\fIgroup\fR
+and an optionally existing
+\fIgshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIgroup\fR
+from
+\fIgroup\fR
+and
+\fIgshadow\fR
+and then removes
+\fIgshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files:
+/etc/passwd,
+/etc/group,
+/etc/shadow, and
+/etc/gshadow\&.
+.PP
+Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion\&.
+\fBpwconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+are similar\&. First, entries in the shadowed file which don\*(Aqt exist in the main file are removed\&. Then, shadowed entries which don\*(Aqt have `x\*(Aq as the password in the main file are updated\&. Any missing shadowed entries are added\&. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x\*(Aq\&. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand\&.
+.PP
+\fBpwconv\fR
+will use the values of
+\fIPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR,
+\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, and
+\fIPASS_WARN_AGE\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs
+when adding new entries to
+/etc/shadow\&.
+.PP
+Likewise
+\fBpwunconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+are similar\&. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file\&. Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone\&. Finally, the shadowed file is removed\&. Some password aging information is lost by
+\fBpwunconv\fR\&. It will convert what it can\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpwconv\fR,
+\fBpwunconv\fR,
+\fBgrpconv\fR, and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+commands are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FEHLER"
+.PP
+Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways\&. Please run
+\fBpwck\fR
+and
+\fBgrpck\fR
+to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+changes the behavior of
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR:
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of
+\fBpwconv\fR:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man8/pwunconv.8 b/man/de/man8/pwunconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/pwunconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/de/man8/sulogin.8 b/man/de/man8/sulogin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b05b63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/sulogin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: sulogin
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "SULOGIN" "8" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+sulogin \- Single\-user login
+.SH "SYNTAX"
+.PP
+\fBsulogin\fR
+[\fItty\-device\fR]
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsulogin\fR
+command is invoked by
+\fBinit\fR
+prior to allowing the user access to the system when in single user mode\&. This feature may only be available on certain systems where
+\fBinit\fR
+has been modified accordingly, or where the
+/etc/inittab
+has an entry for a single user login\&.
+.PP
+The user is prompted
+.PP
+Type control\-d to proceed with normal startup,
+(or give root password for system maintenance):
+.PP
+Input and output will be performed with the standard file descriptors unless the optional device name argument is provided\&.
+.PP
+If the user enters the correct root password, a login session is initiated\&. When
+\fIEOF\fR
+is pressed instead, the system enters multi\-user mode\&.
+.PP
+After the user exits the single\-user shell, or presses
+\fIEOF\fR, the system begins the initialization process required to enter multi\-user mode\&.
+.SH "WARNUNGEN"
+.PP
+This command can only be used if
+\fBinit\fR
+has been modified to call
+\fBsulogin\fR
+instead of
+/bin/sh, or if the user has set the
+\fIinittab\fR
+to support a single user login\&. For example, the line:
+.PP
+co:s:respawn:/etc/sulogin /dev/console
+.PP
+should execute the sulogin command in single user mode\&.
+.PP
+As complete an environment as possible is created\&. However, various devices may be unmounted or uninitialized and many of the user commands may be unavailable or nonfunctional as a result\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1),
+\fBinit\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man8/useradd.8 b/man/de/man8/useradd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bcbbfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/useradd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: useradd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "USERADD" "8" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+useradd \- erstellt einen neuen Benutzer oder aktualisiert die Standardwerte f\(:ur neue Benutzer
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] \fIANMELDENAME\fR
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR \-D
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR \-D [\fIOptionen\fR]
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+When invoked without the
+\fB\-D\fR
+option, the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. Depending on command line options, the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command will update system files and may also create the new user\*(Aqs home directory and copy initial files\&.
+.PP
+By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR,
+\fB\-U\fR, and
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR)\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The default base directory for the system if
+\fB\-d\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+is not specified\&.
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the base directory specified by the
+\fBHOME\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or
+/home
+by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR
+.RS 4
+Any text string\&. It is generally a short description of the account, and is currently used as the field for the user\*(Aqs full name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\-dir\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The new user will be created using
+\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+as the value for the user\*(Aqs login directory\&. The default is to append the
+\fILOGIN\fR
+name to
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+and use that as the login directory name\&. If the directory
+\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+does not exist, then it will be created unless the
+\fB\-M\fR
+option is specified\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-defaults\fR
+.RS 4
+Lesen Sie dazu unten den Abschnitt \(FcDie Standardwerte ver\(:andern\(Fo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format
+\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&.
+.sp
+If not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the default expiry date specified by the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string (no expiry) by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. The value is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&.
+.sp
+If not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the default inactivity period specified by the
+\fBINACTIVE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or \-1 by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subids\-for\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Update
+/etc/subuid
+and
+/etc/subgid
+even when creating a system account with
+\fB\-r\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name or the number of the user\*(Aqs primary group\&. The group name must exist\&. A group number must refer to an already existing group\&.
+.sp
+If not specified, the behavior of
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will depend on the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&. If this variable is set to
+\fIyes\fR
+(or
+\fB\-U/\-\-user\-group\fR
+is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname\&. If the variable is set to
+\fIno\fR
+(or
+\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR
+is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or 1000 by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]]
+.RS 4
+A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option\&. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-skel\fR\ \&\fISKEL_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user\*(Aqs home directory, when the home directory is created by
+\fBuseradd\fR\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid if the
+\fB\-m\fR
+(or
+\fB\-\-create\-home\fR) option is specified\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the
+\fBSKEL\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd
+or, by default,
+/etc/skel\&.
+.sp
+Soweit m\(:oglich, werden die ACLs und erweiterten Attribute kopiert\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR
+.RS 4
+Overrides
+/etc/login\&.defs
+defaults (\fBUID_MIN\fR,
+\fBUID_MAX\fR,
+\fBUMASK\fR,
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR
+and others)\&.
+.sp
+Example:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS \fR=\fI\-1\fR
+can be used when creating an account to turn off password aging\&. Multiple
+\fB\-K\fR
+options can be specified, e\&.g\&.:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MIN\fR
+=\fI100\fR\ \&\fB\-K\fR\ \&
+\fIUID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-no\-log\-init\fR
+.RS 4
+F\(:ugt den Benutzer nicht zu den Datenbanken lastlog und faillog hinzu\&.
+.sp
+By default, the user\*(Aqs entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will also consult the variable
+\fBLOG_INIT\fR
+in the
+/etc/default/useradd
+if set to no the user will not be added to the lastlog and faillog databases\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-create\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+Create the user\*(Aqs home directory if it does not exist\&. The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with the
+\fB\-k\fR
+option) will be copied to the home directory\&.
+.sp
+By default, if this option is not specified and
+\fBCREATE_HOME\fR
+is not enabled, no home directories are created\&.
+.sp
+The directory where the user\*(Aqs home directory is created must exist and have proper SELinux context and permissions\&. Otherwise the user\*(Aqs home directory cannot be created or accessed\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-no\-create\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+Do not create the user\*(Aqs home directory, even if the system wide setting from
+/etc/login\&.defs
+(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR) is set to
+\fIyes\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-no\-user\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option or by the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines an initial password for the account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&. Within a shell script, this option allows to create efficiently batches of users\&.
+.sp
+Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of
+/etc/shadow\&. This is a state where the user won\*(Aqt be able to access the account or to define a password himself\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fRAvoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Sie sollten sicherstellen, dass das Passwort den Passwortrichtlinien des Systems entspricht\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+erstellt ein Systemkonto
+.sp
+System users will be created with no aging information in
+/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+/etc/login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
+(and their
+\fBGID\fR
+counterparts for the creation of groups)\&.
+.sp
+Note that
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will not create a home directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR)\&. You have to specify the
+\fB\-m\fR
+options if you want a home directory for a system account to be created\&.
+.sp
+Note that this option will not update
+/etc/subuid
+and
+/etc/subgid\&. You have to specify the
+\fB\-F\fR
+options if you want to update the files for a system account to be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the path to the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. Without this option, the system will use the
+\fBSHELL\fR
+variable specified in
+/etc/default/useradd, or, if that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in
+/etc/passwd
+remains empty\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR
+.RS 4
+The numerical value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to
+\fBUID_MIN\fR
+and greater than every other user\&.
+.sp
+See also the
+\fB\-r\fR
+option and the
+\fBUID_MAX\fR
+description\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-user\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+erstellt eine Gruppe mit dem gleichen Name wie der Benutzer und f\(:ugt diesen der Gruppe hinzu
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the SELinux user for the new account\&. Without this option, a SELinux uses the default user\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses
+\fBsemanage\fR(8)
+for that\&.
+.RE
+.SS "Die Standardwerte ver\(:andern"
+.PP
+When invoked with only the
+\fB\-D\fR
+option,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will display the current default values\&. When invoked with
+\fB\-D\fR
+plus other options,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will update the default values for the specified options\&. Valid default\-changing options are:
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the path prefix for a new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The user\*(Aqs name will be affixed to the end of
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+to form the new user\*(Aqs home directory name, if the
+\fB\-d\fR
+option is not used when creating a new account\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBHOME\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBINACTIVE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group names or a numerical group ID\&. The named group must exist, and the GID must have an existing entry\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the default login shell for new users\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBSHELL\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ANMERKUNGEN"
+.PP
+The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the
+/etc/skel/
+directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in
+/etc/default/useradd
+or on the command line)\&.
+.SH "WARNUNGEN"
+.PP
+Sie d\(:urfen einen Benutzer nicht einer NIS\- oder LDAP\-Gruppe hinzuf\(:ugen\&. Dies muss auf dem entsprechenden Server durchgef\(:uhrt werden\&.
+.PP
+Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will deny the user account creation request\&.
+.PP
+Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the username\&. Fully numeric usernames and usernames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&. It is not recommended to use usernames beginning with \&. character as their home directories will be hidden in the
+\fBls\fR
+output\&.
+.PP
+Benutzernamen d\(:urfen nur bis zu 32 Zeichen lang sein\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/default/useradd
+.RS 4
+Standardwerte f\(:ur die Erstellung eines Kontos
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-post\&.d/*
+.RS 4
+Run\-part files to execute during user addition\&. The environment variable
+\fBACTION\fR
+will be populated with useradd and
+\fBSUBJECT\fR
+with the
+\fBusername\fR\&.
+useradd\-pre\&.d
+will be executed prior to any user addition\&.
+useradd\-post\&.d
+will execute after user addition\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/skel/
+.RS 4
+Verzeichnis, das die Standarddateien enth\(:alt
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung
+.RE
+.SH "R\(:UCKGABEWERTE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+UID already in use (and no
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+username or group name already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt create home directory
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI14\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update SELinux user mapping
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man8/userdel.8 b/man/de/man8/userdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f138b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/userdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: userdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "USERDEL" "8" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+userdel \- l\(:oscht ein Benutzerkonto und die dazugeh\(:origen Dateien
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBuserdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBuserdel\fR [Optionen] \fIANMELDENAME\fR
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name
+\fILOGIN\fR\&. The named user must exist\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is still logged in\&. It also forces
+\fBuserdel\fR
+to remove the user\*(Aqs home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user\&. If
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+is defined to
+\fIyes\fR
+in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+and if a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user\&.
+.sp
+\fINote:\fR
+This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+Die Dateien im Home\-Verzeichnis des Benutzers werden zusammen mit dem Home\-Verzeichnis und dem Mailspool entfernt\&. Dateien, die sich nicht unterhalb des Home\-Verzeichnisses befinden, m\(:ussen per Hand gesucht und gel\(:oscht werden\&.
+.sp
+The mail spool is defined by the
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
+variable in the
+login\&.defs
+file\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR
+.RS 4
+entfernt die Zuordnung von SELinux\-Benutzern aus den Anmeldeinformationen des Benutzers
+.RE
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-post\&.d/*
+.RS 4
+Run\-part files to execute during user deletion\&. The environment variable
+\fBACTION\fR
+will be populated with
+\fBuserdel\fR
+and
+\fBSUBJECT\fR
+with the username\&.
+userdel\-pre\&.d
+will be executed prior to any user deletion\&.
+userdel\-post\&.d
+will execute after user deletion\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "R\(:UCKGABEWERTE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified user doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+user currently logged in
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove home directory
+.RE
+.SH "WARNUNGEN"
+.PP
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will not allow you to remove an account if there are running processes which belong to this account\&. In that case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user\*(Aqs password or account and remove the account later\&. The
+\fB\-f\fR
+option can force the deletion of this account\&.
+.PP
+Sie sollten von Hand alle Systemdateien \(:uberpr\(:ufen, um sicherzustellen, dass keine Dateien vorhanden sind, die dem gel\(:oschten Benutzer geh\(:oren\&.
+.PP
+Sie sollten keine NIS\-Attribute auf einem NIS\-Client l\(:oschen\&. Dies muss auf dem NIS\-Server durchgef\(:uhrt werden\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+is defined to
+\fIyes\fR
+in
+/etc/login\&.defs,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will delete the group with the same name as the user\&. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise\&. The
+\fB\-f\fR
+option can force the deletion of this group\&.
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man8/usermod.8 b/man/de/man8/usermod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..196435d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/usermod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: usermod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "USERMOD" "8" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+usermod \- ver\(:andert ein Benutzerkonto
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBusermod\fR\ 'u
+\fBusermod\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] \fIANMELDENAME\fR
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBusermod\fR
+command modifies the system account files\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBusermod\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR
+.RS 4
+Add the user to the supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the
+\fB\-G\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-badname\fR
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR
+.RS 4
+update the comment field of the user in
+/etc/passwd, which is normally modified using the
+\fBchfn\fR(1)
+utility\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+das neue Home\-Verzeichnis des Benutzers
+.sp
+If the
+\fB\-m\fR
+option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format
+\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. Integers as input are interpreted as days after 1970\-01\-01\&.
+.sp
+An input of \-1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in the shadow password file\&. The account will remain available with no date limit\&.
+.sp
+This option requires a
+/etc/shadow
+file\&. A
+/etc/shadow
+entry will be created if there were none\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password\&. This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)
+for more information\&.
+.sp
+This option requires a
+/etc/shadow
+file\&. A
+/etc/shadow
+entry will be created if there were none\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name or numerical ID of the user\*(Aqs new primary group\&. The group must exist\&.
+.sp
+Jede Datei im Home\-Verzeichnis des Benutzers, die der alten Hauptgruppe des Benutzers geh\(:orte, wird dieser neuen Gruppe geh\(:oren\&.
+.sp
+Die Gruppenzugeh\(:origkeit von Dateien au\(sserhalb des Home\-Verzeichnisses des Benutzers muss per Hand angepasst werden\&.
+.sp
+The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as
+/\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]]
+.RS 4
+A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups must exist\&.
+.sp
+If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group\&. This behaviour can be changed via the
+\fB\-a\fR
+option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR\ \&\fINEW_LOGIN\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the user will be changed from
+\fILOGIN\fR
+to
+\fINEW_LOGIN\fR\&. Nothing else is changed\&. In particular, the user\*(Aqs home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This puts a \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
+\fB\-p\fR
+or
+\fB\-U\fR\&.
+.sp
+Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+to
+\fI1\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-move\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+moves the content of the user\*(Aqs home directory to the new location\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-d\fR
+(or
+\fB\-\-home\fR) option\&.
+.sp
+\fBusermod\fR
+will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+allows to change the user ID to a non\-unique value\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines a new password for the user\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+Avoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Sie sollten sicherstellen, dass das Passwort den Passwortrichtlinien des Systems entspricht\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the user from named supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the
+\fB\-G\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes within the directory tree starting with
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+and use as well the configuration files located there\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+changes the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field in
+/etc/passwd
+and logs the user into the system\*(Aqs default shell\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR
+.RS 4
+The new value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&.
+.sp
+This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&.
+.sp
+F\(:ur die Mailbox des Benutzers und alle Dateien, die ihm geh\(:oren und sich in seinem Home\-Verzeichnis befinden, wird die ID des Eigent\(:umers automatisch angepasst\&.
+.sp
+Der Eigent\(:umer von Dateien au\(sserhalb des Home\-Verzeichnisses des Benutzers muss per Hand angepasst werden\&.
+.sp
+The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as
+/\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to the
+\fBUID_MIN\fR,
+\fBUID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR, or
+\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
+.RS 4
+Unlock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This removes the \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
+\fB\-p\fR
+or
+\fB\-L\fR\&.
+.sp
+Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+(for example to
+\fI99999\fR, or to the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+value from
+/etc/default/useradd)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a range of subordinate uids to the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both
+\fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR
+are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a range of subordinate gids to the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both
+\fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR
+are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the SELinux user to be mapped with
+\fILOGIN\fR\&. An empty string ("") will remove the respective entry (if any)\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses semanage(8) for that\&.
+.RE
+.SH "WARNUNGEN"
+.PP
+You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user\*(Aqs numerical user ID, the user\*(Aqs name, or the user\*(Aqs home directory is being changed\&.
+\fBusermod\fR
+checks this on Linux\&. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in\&.
+.PP
+You must change the owner of any
+\fBcrontab\fR
+files or
+\fBat\fR
+jobs manually\&.
+.PP
+Sie m\(:ussen alle \(:Anderung in Bezug auf NIS auf dem NIS\-Server vornehmen\&.
+.SH "KONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account informatio\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/de/man8/vigr.8 b/man/de/man8/vigr.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff72d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/vigr.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/vipw.8
diff --git a/man/de/man8/vipw.8 b/man/de/man8/vipw.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbdf0e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/de/man8/vipw.8
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: vipw
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08.11.2022
+.\"    Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: German
+.\"
+.TH "VIPW" "8" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+vipw, vigr \- bearbeitet die Passwort\-, Gruppen\-, Shadow\-Passwort\- oder Shadow\-Gruppen\-Datei
+.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
+.HP \w'\fBvipw\fR\ 'u
+\fBvipw\fR [\fIOptionen\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBvigr\fR\ 'u
+\fBvigr\fR [\fIOptionen\fR]
+.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
+.PP
+The
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands edits the files
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/group, respectively\&. With the
+\fB\-s\fR
+flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files,
+/etc/shadow
+and
+/etc/gshadow, respectively\&. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption\&. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable
+\fB$VISUAL\fR, then the environment variable
+\fB$EDITOR\fR, and finally the default editor,
+\fBvi\fR(1)\&.
+.SH "OPTIONEN"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands are:
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+bearbeitet die Gruppendatenbank
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR
+.RS 4
+bearbeitet die Passwd\-Datenbank
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+stiller Modus
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR
+.RS 4
+bearbeitet die Shadow\- oder Gshadow\-Datenbank
+.RE
+.SH "UMGEBUNGSVARIABLEN"
+.PP
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+.RS 4
+der verwendete Editor
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBEDITOR\fR
+.RS 4
+Editor to be used if
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+is not set\&.
+.RE
+.SH "DATEIEN"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
+.RE
+.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
+.PP
+\fBvi\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5)
+,
+\fBpasswd\fR(5), ,
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/es/Makefile.am b/man/es/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..721dc0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/es/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+
+mandir = @mandir@/es
+
+man_MANS = 
+
+# These Spanish manpages are outdated.
+# Please contact pkg-shadow-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org if you wish to
+# provide updates.
+#	man1/login.1 \
+#	man1/newgrp.1 \
+#	man1/passwd.1 \
+#	man5/passwd.5 \
+#	man1/su.1 \
+#	man8/vigr.8 \
+#	man8/vipw.8
+
+EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS)
diff --git a/man/es/Makefile.in b/man/es/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..268739b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/es/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,502 @@
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+# These Spanish manpages are outdated.
+# Please contact pkg-shadow-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org if you wish to
+# provide updates.
+#	man1/login.1 \
+#	man1/newgrp.1 \
+#	man1/passwd.1 \
+#	man5/passwd.5 \
+#	man1/su.1 \
+#	man8/vigr.8 \
+#	man8/vipw.8
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+install-ps-am:
+
+installcheck-am:
+
+maintainer-clean: maintainer-clean-am
+	-rm -f Makefile
+maintainer-clean-am: distclean-am maintainer-clean-generic
+
+mostlyclean: mostlyclean-am
+
+mostlyclean-am: mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool
+
+pdf: pdf-am
+
+pdf-am:
+
+ps: ps-am
+
+ps-am:
+
+uninstall-am:
+
+.MAKE: install-am install-strip
+
+.PHONY: all all-am check check-am clean clean-generic clean-libtool \
+	cscopelist-am ctags-am distclean distclean-generic \
+	distclean-libtool distdir dvi dvi-am html html-am info info-am \
+	install install-am install-data install-data-am install-dvi \
+	install-dvi-am install-exec install-exec-am install-html \
+	install-html-am install-info install-info-am install-man \
+	install-pdf install-pdf-am install-ps install-ps-am \
+	install-strip installcheck installcheck-am installdirs \
+	maintainer-clean maintainer-clean-generic mostlyclean \
+	mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool pdf pdf-am ps ps-am \
+	tags-am uninstall uninstall-am
+
+.PRECIOUS: Makefile
+
+
+# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
+# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
+.NOEXPORT:
diff --git a/man/expiry.1.xml b/man/expiry.1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..338b3bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/expiry.1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1990 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1999       , Ben Collins
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!--ENTITY CONSOLE_GROUPS        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CONSOLE_GROUPS.xml"-->
+<!-- A call to CONSOLE_GROUPS is linked, but not used -->
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+
+<refentry id='expiry.1'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1990</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>expiry</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">User Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>expiry</refname>
+    <refpurpose>check and enforce password expiration policy</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+  <!-- body begins here -->
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>expiry</command>
+      <arg choice='plain'>
+	<replaceable>option</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>expiry</command> command checks (<option>-c</option>)
+      the current password expiration and forces (<option>-f</option>)
+      changes when required. It is callable as a normal user command.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>expiry</command> command are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-c</option>, <option>--check</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Check the password expiration of the current user.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Force a password change if the current user has an expired
+	    password.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure user account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/faillog.5.xml b/man/faillog.5.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc05d9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/faillog.5.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='faillog.5'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1989</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>faillog</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc"> File Formats and Configuration Files</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>faillog</refname>
+    <refpurpose>login failure logging file</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> maintains a count of login
+      failures and the limits for each account.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The file contains fixed length
+      records, indexed by numerical UID. Each record contains the count of
+      login failures since the last successful login; the maximum number of
+      failures before the account is disabled; the line on which the last login
+      failure occurred; the date of the last login failure;
+      and the duration (in seconds) during which the account will be locked after
+      a failure.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>The structure of the file is:</para>
+      <programlisting>
+struct	faillog {
+	short   fail_cnt;
+	short   fail_max;
+	char    fail_line[12];
+	time_t  fail_time;
+	long    fail_locktime;
+};</programlisting>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/var/log/faillog</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Failure logging file.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>faillog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
+
diff --git a/man/faillog.8.xml b/man/faillog.8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..effe43a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/faillog.8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='faillog.8'>
+  <!--  $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1989</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>faillog</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>faillog</refname>
+    <refpurpose>display faillog records or set login failure limits</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>faillog</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<replaceable>options</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      <command>faillog</command> displays the contents of the failure log
+      database (<filename>/var/log/faillog</filename>). It can also
+      set the failure counters and limits. When
+      <command>faillog</command> is run without arguments, it only displays the
+      faillog records of the users who had a login failure.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>faillog</command> command
+      are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an
+	    entry in the <filename>faillog</filename> database.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The range of users can be restricted with the
+	    <option>-u</option> option.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    In display mode, this is still restricted to existing users
+	    but forces the display of the faillog entries even if they
+	    are empty.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    With the <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option>,
+	    <option>-r</option>, <option>-t</option> options, the users'
+	    records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the
+	    system. This is useful to reset records of users that have
+	    been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of
+	    users.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-secs</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SEC</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Lock account for <replaceable>SEC</replaceable>
+	    seconds after failed login.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Write access to <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename>
+	    is required for this option.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-m</option>, <option>--maximum</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>MAX</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is
+	    disabled to <replaceable>MAX</replaceable>.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Selecting a
+	    <replaceable>MAX</replaceable> value of 0 has the effect of not
+	    placing a limit on the number of failed logins.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The maximum
+	    failure count should always be 0 for <emphasis>root</emphasis>
+	    to prevent a denial of services attack against the system.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Write access to <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename>
+	    is required for this option.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Reset the counters of login failures.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Write access to <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename>
+	    is required for this option.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Display faillog records more recent than
+	    <replaceable>DAYS</replaceable>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits
+	    (if used with <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option> or
+	    <option>-r</option> options) only for the specified user(s).
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user
+	    ID, or a <replaceable>RANGE</replaceable> of users.  This
+	    <replaceable>RANGE</replaceable> of users can be specified
+	    with a min and max values
+	    (<replaceable>UID_MIN-UID_MAX</replaceable>), a max value
+	    (<replaceable>-UID_MAX</replaceable>), or a min value
+	    (<replaceable>UID_MIN-</replaceable>).
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+
+    <para>
+      When none of the <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option>, or
+      <option>-r</option> options are used, <command>faillog</command>
+      displays the faillog record of the specified user(s).
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='caveats'>
+    <title>CAVEATS</title>
+    <para>
+      <command>faillog</command> only prints out users with no successful
+      login since the last failure. To print out a user who has had a
+      successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request
+      the user with the <option>-u</option> flag, or print out all users
+      with the <option>-a</option> flag.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/var/log/faillog</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Failure logging file.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>faillog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/fi/Makefile.am b/man/fi/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26a1a84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fi/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+
+mandir = @mandir@/fi
+
+man_MANS = \
+	man1/chfn.1 \
+	man1/chsh.1 \
+	man1/su.1
+
+# Outdated manpages
+#	passwd.1 (https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bug/384024)
+
+EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS)
diff --git a/man/fi/Makefile.in b/man/fi/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8ffecc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fi/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,578 @@
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+# @configure_input@
+
+# Copyright (C) 1994-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation
+# gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
+# with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without
+# even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
+# PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
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+	man1/chsh.1 \
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diff --git a/man/fi/man1/chfn.1 b/man/fi/man1/chfn.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a10395
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fi/man1/chfn.1
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+.\"
+.\"  chfn.1 -- change your finger information
+.\"  (c) 1994 by salvatore valente <svalente@athena.mit.edu>
+.\"
+.\"  this program is free software.  you can redistribute it and
+.\"  modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license.
+.\"  there is no warranty.
+.\"
+.\"  $Author: kloczek $
+.\"  $Revision: 1.2 $
+.\"  $Date: 2005/12/01 20:38:25 $
+.\" Proofread by Raimo Koski, Nov-Dec. 1999
+.\" Translated into Finnish by Lauri Nurmi (lanurmi@kauhajoki.fi)
+.\" Proofread by Juhana Siren (Juhana.Siren@oulu.fi)
+.\"
+.TH CHFN 1 "24. huhtikuuta 1998" "chfn" "Käyttäjän sovellusohjelmat"
+.SH NIMI
+chfn \- muuta finger-tietojasi
+.SH "YLEISKATSAUS"
+.B chfn
+[\ \-f\ koko nimi\ ] [\ \-o\ toimisto\ ] [\ \-p\ toimiston puhelin\ ]
+[\ \-h\ kotipuhelin\ ] [\ \-u\ ] [\ \-v\ ] [\ käyttäjänimi\ ]
+.SH KUVAUS
+.B chfn:ää
+käytetään finger-tietojen muuttamiseen. Nämä tiedot ovat
+.I /etc/passwd
+-tiedostossa, ja niitä voidaan katsoa
+.B finger\fR-ohjelmalla.
+Linuxin
+.B finger\fR-komento
+näyttää neljä tietoa, joita voidaan muuttaa
+.B chfn\fR:llä
+: todellinen nimesi, työhuoneesi ja puhelin, sekä kotipuhelimesi.
+.SS KOMENTORIVI
+Jokainen neljästä tiedosta voidaan määritellä komentorivillä. Jos
+komentorivillä ei anneta tietoja,
+.B chfn
+käynnistyy vuorovaikutteisessa tilassa.
+.SS VUOROVAIKUTTEINEN TILA
+Vuorovaikutteisessa tilassa
+.B chfn
+kysyy erikseen jokaista kenttää. Voit syöttää kenttään uuden tiedon, tai
+painaa Enteriä jättääksesi kentän ennalleen. Syötä sana "none" saadaksesi
+kentän tyhjäksi.
+.SH OPTIOT
+.TP
+.I "\-f, \-\-full-name"
+Määritä todellinen nimesi.
+.TP
+.I "\-o, \-\-office"
+Määritä toimistohuoneesi numero.
+.TP
+.I "\-p, \-\-office-phone"
+Määritä toimistohuoneesi puhelinnumero.
+.TP
+.I "\-h, \-\-home-phone"
+Määritä kotipuhelinnumerosi.
+.TP
+.I "\-u, \-\-help"
+Näytä lyhyt ohje komennoista.
+.TP
+.I "-v, \-\-version"
+Näytä versiotiedot.
+.SH TEKIJÄ
+Salvatore Valente <svalente@mit.edu>
+.SH "KATSO MYÖS"
+.BR finger (1),
+.BR passwd (5),
diff --git a/man/fi/man1/chsh.1 b/man/fi/man1/chsh.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed9cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fi/man1/chsh.1
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+.\" ** You probably do not want to edit this file directly **
+.\" It was generated using the DocBook XSL Stylesheets (version 1.69.1).
+.\" Instead of manually editing it, you probably should edit the DocBook XML
+.\" source for it and then use the DocBook XSL Stylesheets to regenerate it.
+.TH "CHSH" "1" "03/07/2006" "Käyttäjän sovellukset" "Käyttäjän sovellukset"
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.SH "NAME"
+chsh \- vaihda sisäänkirjautumiskuorta
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP 5
+\fBchsh\fR [\-s\ \fIsisäänkirjautumiskuori\fR] [\fIkäyttäjä\fR]
+.SH "KUVAUS"
+.PP
+\fBchsh\fR
+vaihtaa käyttäjän sisäänkirjautumiskuorta. Tämä määrittää käyttäjän ensimmäisen kirjautumiskomennon. Tavallinen käyttäjä voi vaihtaa ainoastaan oman tunnuksensa kirjautumiskuorta, mutta pääkäyttäjä voi vaihtaa kenen tahansa kirjautumiskuoren.
+.PP
+Ainoa rajoitus kirjautumiskuorelle on, että komennon nimen täytyy olla lueteltuna tiedostossa
+\fI/etc/shells\fR
+ellei komentoa käynnistänyt pääkäyttäjä, jolloin mikä tahansa arvo voidaan lisätä. Tunnus, jolla on rajoitettu kirjautumiskuori, ei voi vaihtaa omaa kirjautumiskuortaan. Tästä syystä komennon
+\fI/bin/rsh\fR
+lisääminen tiedostoon
+\fI/etc/shells\fR
+ei ole suositeltavaa, koska käyttäjän vahingossa vaihtaessa rajoitettuun kuoreen, ei hän voi koskaan vaihtaa kirjautumiskuortaan takaisin alkuperäiseen arvoon.
+.SH "VALITSIMET"
+.PP
+Mikäli valitsinta
+\fB\-s\fR
+ei ole annettu,
+\fBchsh\fR
+toimii interaktiivisesti kysyen käyttäjältä kirjautumiskuorta. Syöttämällä uuden arvon vaihdetaan kuorta, ja antamalla tyhjän syötteen, vanha kuori jää voimaan. Nykyinen kuori tulostetaan
+\fI[ ]\fR\-merkkiparin välissä.
+.SH "TIEDOSTOT"
+.TP
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR
+käyttäjätunnuksien tiedot
+.TP
+\fI/etc/shells\fR
+luettelo sallituista kirjautumiskuorista
+.TP
+\fI/etc/login.defs\fR
+varjosalasanakaluston asetukset
+.SH "KATSO MYÖS"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)
diff --git a/man/fi/man1/su.1 b/man/fi/man1/su.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c29823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fi/man1/su.1
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+.\" ** You probably do not want to edit this file directly **
+.\" It was generated using the DocBook XSL Stylesheets (version 1.69.1).
+.\" Instead of manually editing it, you probably should edit the DocBook XML
+.\" source for it and then use the DocBook XSL Stylesheets to regenerate it.
+.TH "SU" "1" "03/07/2006" "Käyttäjän sovellukset" "Käyttäjän sovellukset"
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.SH "NAME"
+su \- vaihda käyttäjätunnusta tai tule pääkäyttäjäksi
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP 3
+\fBsu\fR [\fIvalitsimet\fR] [\-] [\fIkäyttäjätunnus\fR\ [\ \fIparametrit\fR\ ]]
+.SH "KUVAUS"
+.PP
+\fBsu\fR\-komentoa käytetään vaihtamaan toiseksi käyttäjäksi kesken istunnon. Kun komento ajetaan ilman käyttäjänimeä,
+\fBsu\fR
+oletuksena vaihtaa pääkäyttäjäksi. Valinnainen parametri
+\fB\-\fR
+voidaan antaa kun halutaan samanlainen ympäristö kuin käyttäjä odottaa kirjautuessaan suoraan sisään.
+.PP
+Muita parametreja voidaan antaa käyttäjänimen jälkeen, jolloin ne välitetään käyttäjän sisäänkirjautumiskuorelle. Erityisesti parametri
+\fB\-c\fR
+tarkoittaa, että seuraava parametri on komento useimmissa komentotulkeissa. Komento suoritetaan kuorella, joka on määritetty
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR\-tiedostossa kohdekäyttäjälle.
+.PP
+Voit käyttää parametria
+\fB\-\-\fR
+erottamaan
+\fBsu\fR\-valitsimet kuorelle välitettävistä parametreista.
+.PP
+Käyttäjältä pyydetään salasanaa tarvittaessa. Väärä salasana tuottaa virheilmoituksen. Kaikki yritykset, niin kelvolliset kuin virheellisetkin, kirjataan lokiin järjestelmän väärinkäytösten tunnistamiseksi.
+.PP
+Nykyinen ympäristö välitetään kuorelle.
+\fB$PATH\fR\-muuttujan arvo tyhjätään arvoksi
+\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR
+tavallisille käyttäjille taikka
+\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR
+pääkäyttäjälle. Tämän käyttäytymisen voi vaihtaa asetuksilla
+\fIENV_PATH\fR
+ja
+\fIENV_SUPATH\fR
+tiedostossa
+\fI/etc/login.defs\fR.
+.PP
+Sisäinen kirjautuminen ilmoitetaan lisäämällä "*" ensimmäiseksi merkiksi sisäänkirjautumiskuoreen. Annettua kotihakemistoa käytetään uuden tiedostojärjestelmän juurena, jonne käyttäjä tosiasiassa kirjautuu.
+.SH "VALITSIMET"
+.PP
+\fBsu\fR\-komennon valitsimet ovat:
+.TP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR \fIKUORI\fR
+Määritä komento, jonka kuori käynnistää sen
+\fB\-c\fR\-valitsimella.
+.TP
+\fB\-\fR, \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR
+Tarjoa samankaltainen ympäristö kuin käyttäjä saisi kirjautuessaan suoraa sisään.
+.sp
+Kun
+\fB\-\fR
+on käytössä, se täytyy antaa viimeisenä valitsimena
+\fBsu\fR\-komennolle. Muilla valitsimilla (\fB\-l\fR
+sekä
+\fB\-\-login\fR) ei ole tätä rajoitusta.
+.TP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR \fIKUORI\fR
+Käynnistettävä kuori
+.sp
+Käynnistettävä kuori valitaan seuraavasti (tärkeimmästä alkaen):
+.RS
+.TP 3
+\(bu
+Kuori, joka määritetään valitsimella \-\-shell
+.TP
+\(bu
+Mikäli valitsinta
+\fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
+on käytetty, kuori onka määrittää ympäristömuuttuja
+\fB$SHELL\fR.
+.TP
+\(bu
+Kuori, joka on asetettu /etc/passwd\-tietueessa kohdekäyttäjälle.
+.TP
+\(bu
+/bin/sh mikäli kuorta ei löytynyt millään edellisistä tavoista.
+.RE
+.IP
+.sp
+Mikäli kohdekäyttäjällä on rajoitettu kuori (esim. kuorikenttä käyttäjän tietueessa
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR\-tiedostossa ei löydy tiedostosta
+\fI/etc/shell\fR), niin valitsin
+\fB\-\-shell\fR
+ja ympäristömuuttuja
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+jätetään huomiotta paitsi kun komennon
+\fBsu\fR
+käynnistää pääkäyttäjä.
+.TP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
+Säilytä nykyinen ympäristö.
+.sp
+Mikäli kohdekäyttäjällä on rajoitettu ympäristö, tällä valitsimella ei ole vaikutusta (ellei
+\fBsu\fR\-komentoa käynnistänyt pääkäyttäjä).
+.SH "VAROITUKSET"
+.PP
+Tällä versiolla
+\fBsu\fR\-sovelluksesta on useita käännösaikaisia valitsimia, ja niistä vain osa saattaa olla käytössä tietyissä paikoissa.
+.SH "TIEDOSTOT"
+.TP
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR
+käyttäjätunnuksien tiedot
+.TP
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR
+turvalliset käyttäjätunnuksien tiedot
+.SH "KATSO MYÖS"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBsh\fR(1)
diff --git a/man/fr/Makefile.am b/man/fr/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..230d212
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+
+mandir = @mandir@/fr
+
+man_MANS = \
+	man1/chage.1 \
+	man1/chfn.1 \
+	man8/chgpasswd.8 \
+	man8/chpasswd.8 \
+	man1/chsh.1 \
+	man1/expiry.1 \
+	man5/faillog.5 \
+	man8/faillog.8 \
+	man3/getspnam.3 \
+	man1/gpasswd.1 \
+	man8/groupadd.8 \
+	man8/groupdel.8 \
+	man8/groupmems.8 \
+	man8/groupmod.8 \
+	man1/groups.1 \
+	man8/grpck.8 \
+	man8/grpconv.8 \
+	man8/grpunconv.8 \
+	man5/gshadow.5 \
+	man8/lastlog.8 \
+	man1/login.1 \
+	man5/login.defs.5 \
+	man8/logoutd.8 \
+	man1/newgrp.1 \
+	man8/newusers.8 \
+	man8/nologin.8 \
+	man1/passwd.1 \
+	man5/passwd.5 \
+	man8/pwck.8 \
+	man8/pwconv.8 \
+	man8/pwunconv.8 \
+	man1/sg.1 \
+	man3/shadow.3 \
+	man5/shadow.5 \
+	man1/su.1 \
+	man5/suauth.5 \
+	man8/useradd.8 \
+	man8/userdel.8 \
+	man8/usermod.8 \
+	man8/vigr.8 \
+	man8/vipw.8
+
+man_nopam = \
+	man5/limits.5 \
+	man5/login.access.5 \
+	man5/porttime.5
+
+if !USE_PAM
+man_MANS += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+man_subids = \
+	man1/newgidmap.1 \
+	man1/newuidmap.1 \
+	man5/subgid.5 \
+	man5/subuid.5
+
+if ENABLE_SUBIDS
+man_MANS += $(man_subids)
+endif
+
+EXTRA_DIST = \
+	$(man_MANS) \
+	man1/id.1 \
+	man8/sulogin.8
+
+if USE_PAM
+EXTRA_DIST += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+if !ENABLE_SUBIDS
+EXTRA_DIST += $(man_subids)
+endif
+
+include ../generate_translations.mak
+
diff --git a/man/fr/Makefile.in b/man/fr/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb0cf81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,796 @@
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+# This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation
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+# with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	else \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	    sed -e 's/^\(<!DOCTYPE .*docbookx.dtd"\)>/\1 [<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;]>/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	fi
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	itstool -d -l $(LANG) -m messages.mo -o . $@
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	sed -i 's:\(^<refentry .*\)>:\1 lang="$(LANG)">:' $@
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@%.xml-config: %.xml
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	if grep -q SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE $<; then \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@		sed -e 's/^<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->/<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	else \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@		sed -e 's/^\(<!DOCTYPE .*docbookx.dtd"\)>/\1 [<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;]>/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	fi
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man1/% man3/% man5/% man8/%: %.xml-config Makefile config.xml
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	$(XSLTPROC) --stringparam profile.condition "$(PAM_COND);$(SHADOWGRP_COND);$(TCB_COND);$(SHA_CRYPT_COND);$(SUBIDS_COND)" \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	            --param "man.authors.section.enabled" "0" \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	            --stringparam "man.output.base.dir" "" \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	            --param "man.output.in.separate.dir" "1" \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	            -nonet http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/manpages/profile-docbook.xsl $<
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@clean-local:
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	rm -rf man1 man3 man5 man8
+
+#$(man_MANS):
+#	@echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man8/grpconv.8 man8/grpunconv.8 man8/pwunconv.8: man8/pwconv.8
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man3/getspnam.3: man3/shadow.3
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man8/vigr.8: man8/vipw.8
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@$(man_MANS):
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@	@echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages
+
+# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
+# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
+.NOEXPORT:
diff --git a/man/fr/man1/chage.1 b/man/fr/man1/chage.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d802a80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man1/chage.1
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chage
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes utilisateur
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "CHAGE" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+chage \- Modifier les informations de validit\('e d\*(Aqun mot de passe
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBchage\fR\ 'u
+\fBchage\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change\&. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchage\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-lastday\fR\ \&\fILAST_DAY\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last changed\&. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY\-MM\-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)\&. If the
+\fILAST_DAY\fR
+is set to
+\fI0\fR
+the user is forced to change his password on the next log on\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+Configurer la date, ou le nombre de jours \(`a compter du 1er\ \&janvier\ \&1970, \(`a partir de laquelle le compte de l\*(Aqutilisateur ne sera plus accessible\&. La date peut aussi \(^etre exprim\('ee dans le format AAAA\-MM\-JJ (ou le format plus commun\('ement utilis\('e dans votre r\('egion)\&. Un utilisateur dont le compte est bloqu\('e doit contacter l\*(Aqadministrateur syst\(`eme pour pouvoir utiliser \(`a nouveau le syst\(`eme\&.
+.sp
+For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 days:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+	    chage \-E $(date \-d +180days +%Y\-%m\-%d)
+	  
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+will remove an account expiration date\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-iso8601\fR
+.RS 4
+When printing dates, use YYYY\-MM\-DD format\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked\&. The
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+option is the number of days of inactivity\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as the
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+will remove an account\*(Aqs inactivity\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher les informations sur l\*(Aq\(^age des comptes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
+\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid\&. When
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+plus
+\fILAST_DAY\fR
+is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account\&. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the
+\fB\-W\fR
+option, which provides the user with advance warning\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The
+\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If none of the options are selected,
+\fBchage\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of
+\fI[ ]\fR
+marks\&.
+.SH "NOTE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+program requires a shadow password file to be available\&.
+.PP
+The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password file\&. This implies that configuration from other sources (e\&.g\&. LDAP or empty password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user\*(Aqs login will not be shown in the chage output\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+program will also not report any inconsistency between the shadow and passwd files (e\&.g\&. missing x in the passwd file)\&. The
+\fBpwck\fR
+can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command is restricted to the root user, except for the
+\fB\-l\fR
+option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+permission denied
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI15\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt find the shadow password file
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man1/chfn.1 b/man/fr/man1/chfn.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db9a90c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man1/chfn.1
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chfn
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes utilisateur
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "CHFN" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+chfn \- Modifier le nom complet et les informations associ\('ees \(`a un utilisateur
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBchfn\fR\ 'u
+\fBchfn\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchfn\fR
+command changes user fullname, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a user\*(Aqs account\&. This information is typically printed by
+\fBfinger\fR(1)
+and similar programs\&. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&. (The default configuration is to prevent users from changing their fullname\&.) The superuser may change any field for any account\&. Additionally, only the superuser may use the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field\&.
+.PP
+These fields must not contain any colons\&. Except for the
+\fIother\fR
+field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign\&. It is also recommended to avoid non\-US\-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone numbers\&. The
+\fIother\fR
+field is used to store accounting information used by other applications\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchfn\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-full\-name\fR\ \&\fIFULL_NAME\fR
+.RS 4
+Modifier le nom complet de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-home\-phone\fR\ \&\fIHOME_PHONE\fR
+.RS 4
+Modifier le num\('ero de t\('el\('ephone personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-other\fR\ \&\fIOTHER\fR
+.RS 4
+Modifier les informations GECO de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. Ce champ est utilis\('e pour enregistrer les informations de l\*(Aqutilisateur utilis\('ees par d\*(Aqautres applications et peut \(^etre chang\('e seulement par un superutilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-room\fR\ \&\fIROOM_NUMBER\fR
+.RS 4
+Modifier le num\('ero de bureau de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-work\-phone\fR\ \&\fIWORK_PHONE\fR
+.RS 4
+Modifier le num\('ero de t\('el\('ephone professionnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If none of the options are selected,
+\fBchfn\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of
+\fB[ ]\fR
+marks\&. Without options,
+\fBchfn\fR
+prompts for the current user account\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man1/chsh.1 b/man/fr/man1/chsh.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b2febd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man1/chsh.1
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chsh
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes utilisateur
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "CHSH" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+chsh \- Changer l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBchsh\fR\ 'u
+\fBchsh\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchsh\fR
+command changes the user login shell\&. This determines the name of the user\*(Aqs initial login command\&. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchsh\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+Nom du nouvel interpr\('eteur de commandes initial (\(Fo\ \&login shell\ \&\(Fc) de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. Si ce champ est vide, le syst\(`eme s\('electionnera l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial par d\('efaut\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If the
+\fB\-s\fR
+option is not selected,
+\fBchsh\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell\&. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one\&. The current shell is displayed between a pair of
+\fI[ ]\fR
+marks\&.
+.SH "NOTE"
+.PP
+The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must be listed in
+/etc/shells, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added\&. An account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell\&. For this reason, placing
+/bin/rsh
+in
+/etc/shells
+is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shells
+.RS 4
+Liste des interpr\('eteurs de commandes initiaux valables\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man1/expiry.1 b/man/fr/man1/expiry.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2e1506
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man1/expiry.1
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: expiry
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes utilisateur
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "EXPIRY" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+expiry \- V\('erifier et s\('ecuriser la dur\('ee de validit\('e des mots de passe
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBexpiry\fR\ 'u
+\fBexpiry\fR \fIoption\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBexpiry\fR
+command checks (\fB\-c\fR) the current password expiration and forces (\fB\-f\fR) changes when required\&. It is callable as a normal user command\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBexpiry\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR
+.RS 4
+V\('erifier la dur\('ee de validit\('e du mot de passe de l\*(Aqutilisateur courant\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+Forcer le changement du mot de passe si l\*(Aqutilisateur courant poss\(`ede un mot de passe qui a expir\('e\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/fr/man1/gpasswd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2aa65f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man1/gpasswd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: gpasswd
+.\"    Author: rafal Maszkowski
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes utilisateur
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "GPASSWD" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+gpasswd \- administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBgpasswd\fR [\fIoption\fR] \fIgroupe\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+command is used to administer
+/etc/group, and /etc/gshadow\&. Every group can have
+administrators,
+members and a password\&.
+.PP
+System administrators can use the
+\fB\-A\fR
+option to define group administrator(s) and the
+\fB\-M\fR
+option to define members\&. They have all rights of group administrators and members\&.
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+called by
+a group administrator
+with a group name only prompts for the new password of the
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.PP
+If a password is set the members can still use
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1)
+without a password, and non\-members must supply the password\&.
+.SS "Notes sur les mots de passe de groupe"
+.PP
+Les mots de passe de groupe repr\('esentent naturellement un risque en mati\(`ere de s\('ecurit\('e, puisque plusieurs personnes ont connaissance du mot de passe\&. Cependant, les groupes sont utiles pour permettre la coop\('eration entre diff\('erents utilisateurs\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+Except for the
+\fB\-A\fR
+and
+\fB\-M\fR
+options, the options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR
+.RS 4
+Add the
+\fIuser\fR
+to the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the
+\fIuser\fR
+from the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\-password\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the password from the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password will be empty\&. Only group members will be allowed to use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+to join the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-restrict\fR
+.RS 4
+Restrict the access to the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password is set to "!"\&. Only group members with a password will be allowed to use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+to join the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-administrators\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&.
+.RS 4
+Configurer la liste des administrateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-members\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&.
+.RS 4
+Configurer la liste des membres du groupe\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+This tool only operates on the
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow files\&.
+Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man1/groups.1 b/man/fr/man1/groups.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fd15f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man1/groups.1
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groups
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes utilisateur
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPS" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+groups \- Afficher la liste des groupes auxquels appartient l\*(Aqutilisateur
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroups\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroups\fR [\fIutilisateur\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroups\fR
+command displays the current group names or ID values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value\&. The optional
+\fIuser\fR
+parameter will display the groups for the named user\&.
+.SH "NOTE"
+.PP
+Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)) will have the information from
+/etc/group
+reported\&. The user must use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+or
+\fBsg\fR
+to change his current real and effective group ID\&.
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man1/id.1 b/man/fr/man1/id.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..299c749
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man1/id.1
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: id
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes utilisateur
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "ID" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+id \- display current user and group ID names
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBid\fR\ 'u
+\fBid\fR [\-a]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBid\fR
+command displays the current real and effective user and group ID names or values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/passwd
+or
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed without the corresponding name\&. The optional
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag will display the group set on systems which support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3))\&.
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)
diff --git a/man/fr/man1/login.1 b/man/fr/man1/login.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99d5a5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man1/login.1
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes utilisateur
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "LOGIN" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+login \- D\('emarrer une session sur le syst\(`eme
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] [\fInom_utilisateur\fR] [\fIENV=VAR\fR...]
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] \-f \fInom_utilisateur\fR
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] \-r\ \fIhost\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is used to establish a new session with the system\&. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the
+\fIlogin:\fR
+prompt on the user\*(Aqs terminal\&.
+\fBlogin\fR
+may be special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub\-process\&. When called from a shell,
+\fBlogin\fR
+should be executed as
+\fBexec login\fR
+which will cause the user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of the caller)\&. Attempting to execute
+\fBlogin\fR
+from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message\&.
+.PP
+The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate\&. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password\&. Only a small number of password failures are permitted before
+\fBlogin\fR
+exits and the communications link is severed\&.
+.PP
+If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for a new password before proceeding\&. You will be forced to provide your old password and the new password before continuing\&. Please refer to
+\fBpasswd\fR(1)
+for more information\&.
+.PP
+After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and the presence of mail\&. You may turn off the printing of the system message file,
+/etc/motd, by creating a zero\-length file
+\&.hushlogin
+in your login directory\&. The mail message will be one of "\fIYou have new mail\&.\fR", "\fIYou have mail\&.\fR", or "\fINo Mail\&.\fR" according to the condition of your mailbox\&.
+.PP
+Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the
+/etc/passwd
+file\&. The value for
+\fB$HOME\fR,
+\fB$SHELL\fR,
+\fB$PATH\fR,
+\fB$LOGNAME\fR, and
+\fB$MAIL\fR
+are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry\&. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field\&.
+.PP
+On some installations, the environmental variable
+\fB$TERM\fR
+will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in
+/etc/ttytype\&.
+.PP
+Un script d\*(Aqinitialisation pour votre interpr\('eteur de commandes pourra \('egalement \(^etre ex\('ecut\('e\&. Veuillez vous r\('ef\('erer \(`a la section de manuel appropri\('ee pour plus d\*(Aqinformations sur cette fonctionnalit\('e\&.
+.PP
+Une connexion \(`a un sous\-syst\(`eme est indiqu\('ee par la pr\('esence d\*(Aqun \(Fo\ \&*\ \&\(Fc comme premier caract\(`ere de l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial\&. Le r\('epertoire personnel sera utilis\('e comme racine d\*(Aqun nouveau syst\(`eme de fichiers dans lequel l\*(Aqutilisateur sera connect\('e\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of
+\fBgetty\fR(8)
+and
+\fBinit\fR(8)
+to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use
+\fBlogin\fR
+from the shell prompt without
+\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR
+.RS 4
+Ne pas r\('ealiser d\*(Aqauthentification\&. L\*(Aqutilisateur est pr\('e\-authentifi\('e\&.
+.sp
+Note: In that case,
+\fIusername\fR
+is mandatory\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR
+.RS 4
+Nom de l\*(Aqh\(^ote distant pour cette connexion\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR
+.RS 4
+Pr\('eserver l\*(Aqenvironnement\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR
+.RS 4
+Ex\('ecuter le protocole de connexion automatique (autologin) pour rlogin\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR,
+\fB\-h\fR
+and
+\fB\-f\fR
+options are only used when
+\fBlogin\fR
+is invoked by root\&.
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+This version of
+\fBlogin\fR
+has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&.
+.PP
+L\*(Aqemplacement des fichiers peut varier suivant la configuration du syst\(`eme\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of
+\fBgetty\fR(8)
+and
+\fBinit\fR(8)
+to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use
+\fBlogin\fR
+from the shell prompt without
+\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&.
+.PP
+As with any program,
+\fBlogin\fR\*(Aqs appearance can be faked\&. If non\-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the machine\&. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/var/run/utmp
+.RS 4
+Liste des sessions de connexion en cours\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/var/log/wtmp
+.RS 4
+Liste des sessions de connexion pr\('ec\('edentes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/motd
+.RS 4
+Fichier contenant le message du syst\(`eme\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/nologin
+.RS 4
+Emp\(^echer les utilisateurs non\-root de se connecter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/ttytype
+.RS 4
+Liste des types de terminaux\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+$HOME/\&.hushlogin
+.RS 4
+Supprimer l\*(Aqaffichage des messages du syst\(`eme\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBmail\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnologin\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBsecuretty\fR(5),
+\fBgetty\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man1/newgidmap.1 b/man/fr/man1/newgidmap.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f455868
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man1/newgidmap.1
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newgidmap
+.\"    Author: Eric Biederman
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes utilisateur
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "NEWGIDMAP" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+newgidmap \- set the gid mapping of a user namespace
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBnewgidmap\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewgidmap\fR \fIpid\fR \fIgid\fR \fIlowergid\fR \fIcount\fR [\fIgid\fR\ \fIlowergid\fR\ \fIcount\fR\ [\ \fI\&.\&.\&.\fR\ ]]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewgidmap\fR
+sets
+/proc/[pid]/gid_map
+based on its command line arguments and the gids allowed\&. Subgid delegation can either be managed via
+/etc/subgid
+or through the configured NSS subid module\&. These options are mutually exclusive\&.
+.PP
+Note that the root group is not exempted from the requirement for a valid
+/etc/subgid
+entry\&.
+.PP
+After the pid argument,
+\fBnewgidmap\fR
+expects sets of 3 integers:
+.PP
+gid
+.RS 4
+Beginning of the range of GIDs inside the user namespace\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+lowergid
+.RS 4
+Beginning of the range of GIDs outside the user namespace\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+count
+.RS 4
+Length of the ranges (both inside and outside the user namespace)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBnewgidmap\fR
+verifies that the caller is the owner of the process indicated by
+\fBpid\fR
+and that for each of the above sets, each of the GIDs in the range [lowergid, lowergid+count) is allowed to the caller according to
+/etc/subgid
+before setting
+/proc/[pid]/gid_map\&.
+.PP
+Note that newgidmap may be used only once for a given process\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+There currently are no options to the
+\fBnewgidmap\fR
+command\&.
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+List of user\*(Aqs subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/proc/[pid]/gid_map
+.RS 4
+Mapping of gids from one between user namespaces\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/fr/man1/newgrp.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df5a91e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man1/newgrp.1
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newgrp
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes utilisateur
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "NEWGRP" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+newgrp \- se connecter avec un nouveau groupe
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBnewgrp\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewgrp\fR [\-] [\fIgroupe\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+command is used to change the current group ID during a login session\&. If the optional
+\fB\-\fR
+flag is given, the user\*(Aqs environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged\&.
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in
+/etc/passwd
+if no group name is given\&.
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+also tries to add the group to the user groupset\&. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in
+/etc/shadow
+if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in
+/etc/passwd
+otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password\&. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member\&.
+.PP
+If there is an entry for this group in
+/etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in
+/etc/group
+is considered\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsg\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man1/newuidmap.1 b/man/fr/man1/newuidmap.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53dedce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man1/newuidmap.1
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newuidmap
+.\"    Author: Eric Biederman
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes utilisateur
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "NEWUIDMAP" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+newuidmap \- set the uid mapping of a user namespace
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBnewuidmap\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewuidmap\fR \fIpid\fR \fIuid\fR \fIloweruid\fR \fIcount\fR [\fIuid\fR\ \fIloweruid\fR\ \fIcount\fR\ [\ \fI\&.\&.\&.\fR\ ]]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewuidmap\fR
+sets
+/proc/[pid]/uid_map
+based on its command line arguments and the uids allowed\&. Subuid delegation can either be managed via
+/etc/subuid
+or through the configured NSS subid module\&. These options are mutually exclusive\&.
+.PP
+Note that the root user is not exempted from the requirement for a valid
+/etc/subuid
+entry\&.
+.PP
+After the pid argument,
+\fBnewuidmap\fR
+expects sets of 3 integers:
+.PP
+uid
+.RS 4
+Beginning of the range of UIDs inside the user namespace\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+loweruid
+.RS 4
+Beginning of the range of UIDs outside the user namespace\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+count
+.RS 4
+Length of the ranges (both inside and outside the user namespace)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBnewuidmap\fR
+verifies that the caller is the owner of the process indicated by
+\fBpid\fR
+and that for each of the above sets, each of the UIDs in the range [loweruid, loweruid+count) is allowed to the caller according to
+/etc/subuid
+before setting
+/proc/[pid]/uid_map\&.
+.PP
+Note that newuidmap may be used only once for a given process\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+There currently are no options to the
+\fBnewuidmap\fR
+command\&.
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+List of user\*(Aqs subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/proc/[pid]/uid_map
+.RS 4
+Mapping of uids from one between user namespaces\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man1/passwd.1 b/man/fr/man1/passwd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6aad0b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man1/passwd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: passwd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes utilisateur
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "PASSWD" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+passwd \- Modifier le mot de passe d\*(Aqun utilisateur
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBpasswd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command changes passwords for user accounts\&. A normal user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR
+also changes the account or associated password validity period\&.
+.SS "Modifications du mot de passe"
+.PP
+Dans un premier temps, l\*(Aqutilisateur doit fournir son ancien mot de passe, s\*(Aqil en avait un\&. Ce mot de passe est ensuite chiffr\('e puis compar\('e avec le mot de passe enregistr\('e\&. L\*(Aqutilisateur n\*(Aqa droit qu\*(Aq\(`a un seul essai pour entrer le mot de passe correct\&. Le superutilisateur peut contourner cette premi\(`ere \('etape de mani\(`ere \(`a changer les mots de passe ayant \('et\('e oubli\('es\&.
+.PP
+After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time\&. If not,
+\fBpasswd\fR
+refuses to change the password and exits\&.
+.PP
+Le nouveau mot de passe sera demand\('e deux fois \(`a l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. Le second mot de passe est compar\('e avec le premier\&. Ces deux mots de passe devront \(^etre identiques pour que le mot de passe soit chang\('e\&.
+.PP
+La complexit\('e de ce mot de passe est alors test\('ee\&. Comme ligne de conduite g\('en\('erale, un mot de passe doit toujours \(^etre constitu\('e de 6 \(`a 8 caract\(`eres en en choisissant un ou plus parmi chacun des ensembles suivants\ \&:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+caract\(`eres alphab\('etiques minuscules
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+chiffres de 0 \(`a 9
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+marques de ponctuation
+.RE
+.PP
+Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill characters\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR
+will reject any password which is not suitably complex\&.
+.SS "Astuces pour les mots de passe"
+.PP
+The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space\&. The legacy
+\fIUNIX\fR
+System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm\&. More recent methods are now recommended (see
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR)\&. The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected\&.
+.PP
+Les compromissions de la s\('ecurit\('e des mots de passe r\('esultent le plus souvent d\*(Aqune n\('egligence dans le choix du mot de passe, ou lors de son utilisation\&. Pour cette raison, vous ne devez pas s\('electionner de mot de passe apparaissant dans un dictionnaire ou devant \(^etre \('ecrit\&. Le mot de passe ne doit pas non plus \(^etre un nom propre, un num\('ero min\('eralogique, une date de naissance, ou une adresse\&. En effet ceux\-ci pourraient \(^etre devin\('es pour violer la s\('ecurit\('e du syst\(`eme\&.
+.PP
+Vous pouvez trouver des conseils sur la fa\(,con de choisir un mot de passe robuste sur http://en\&.wikipedia\&.org/wiki/Password_strength (en anglais)\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+.RS 4
+This option can be used only with
+\fB\-S\fR
+and causes show status for all users\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR
+.RS 4
+Supprimer le mot de passe (le rendre vide) d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. C\*(Aqest une fa\(,con rapide de supprimer l\*(Aqauthentification par mot de passe pour un compte\&. Il rend le compte indiqu\('e sans mot de passe\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expire\fR
+.RS 4
+Annuler imm\('ediatement la validit\('e du mot de passe d\*(Aqun compte\&. Ceci permet d\*(Aqobliger un utilisateur \(`a changer son mot de passe lors de sa prochaine connexion\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+This option is used to disable an account after the password has been expired for a number of days\&. After a user account has had an expired password for
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+days, the user may no longer sign on to the account\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-tokens\fR
+.RS 4
+Indiquer que la modification de mot de passe ne sera effectu\('ee que lors de l\*(Aqexpiration des jetons d\*(Aqauthentification (mots de passe)\&. C\*(Aqest utile dans le cas o\(`u l\*(Aqutilisateur voudrait conserver ses jetons d\*(Aqauthentification encore valables\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
+.RS 4
+Verrouiller le mot de passe du compte indiqu\('e\&. Cette option d\('esactive un mot de passe en le modifiant par une valeur qui ne correspond pas \(`a un mot de passe chiffr\('e possible (cela ajoute un \(Fo\ \&!\ \&\(Fc au d\('ebut du mot de passe)\&.
+.sp
+Note that this does not disable the account\&. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e\&.g\&. an SSH key)\&. To disable the account, administrators should use
+\fBusermod \-\-expiredate 1\fR
+(this set the account\*(Aqs expire date to Jan 2, 1970)\&.
+.sp
+Les utilisateurs avec un mot de passe verrouill\('e ne sont pas autoris\('es \(`a le changer\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
+\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Mode silencieux\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repository\fR\ \&\fIREPOSITORY\fR
+.RS 4
+change password in
+\fIREPOSITORY\fR
+repository
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-status\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher l\*(Aq\('etat d\*(Aqun compte\&. Cet \('etat est constitu\('e de 7 champs\&. Le premier champ est le nom du compte\&. Le second champ indique si le mot de passe est bloqu\('e (L), n\*(Aqa pas de mot de passe (NP) ou a un mot de passe utilisable (P)\&. Le troisi\(`eme champ donne la date de derni\(`ere modification du mot de passe\&. Les quatre champs suivants sont\ \&: la dur\('ee minimum avant modification, la dur\('ee maximum de validit\('e, la dur\('ee d\*(Aqavertissement, et la dur\('ee d\*(Aqinactivit\('e autoris\('ee pour le mot de passe\&. Les dur\('ees sont exprim\('ees en jours\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
+.RS 4
+Unlock the password of the named account\&. This option re\-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the
+\fB\-l\fR
+option)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The
+\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid\&. After
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR, the password is required to be changed\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+La v\('erification de la complexit\('e des mots de passe peut varier d\*(Aqun site \(`a l\*(Aqautre\&. Il est vivement conseill\('e aux utilisateurs de choisir un mot de passe aussi complexe que possible dans la limite de ce qu\*(Aqil est capable de m\('emoriser\&.
+.PP
+Il se peut que les utilisateurs ne puissent pas changer leur mot de passe sur un syst\(`eme si NIS est activ\('e et qu\*(Aqils ne sont pas connect\('es au serveur NIS\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+permission denied
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid combination of options
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+unexpected failure, nothing done
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+unexpected failure,
+passwd
+file missing
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+passwd
+file busy, try again
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBchpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man1/sg.1 b/man/fr/man1/sg.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df41480
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man1/sg.1
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: sg
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes utilisateur
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "SG" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+sg \- ex\('ecuter une commande avec un autre identifiant de groupe
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBsg\fR\ 'u
+\fBsg\fR [\-] [group\ [\-c\ ]\ command]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsg\fR
+command works similar to
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+but accepts a command\&. The command will be executed with the
+/bin/sh
+shell\&. With most shells you may run
+\fBsg\fR
+from, you need to enclose multi\-word commands in quotes\&. Another difference between
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+and
+\fBsg\fR
+is that some shells treat
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+creates\&. This doesn\*(Aqt happen with
+\fBsg\fR, so upon exit from a
+\fBsg\fR
+command you are returned to your previous group ID\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man1/su.1 b/man/fr/man1/su.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac2f8ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man1/su.1
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: su
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes utilisateur
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "SU" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+su \- Changer d\*(Aqidentifiant d\*(Aqutilisateur ou devenir superutilisateur
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBsu\fR\ 'u
+\fBsu\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fI\-\fR] [\fInom_utilisateur\fR\ [\ \fIargs\fR\ ]]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsu\fR
+command is used to become another user during a login session\&. Invoked without a
+\fBusername\fR,
+\fBsu\fR
+defaults to becoming the superuser\&. The
+\fB\-\fR
+option may be used to provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly\&. The
+\fB\-c\fR
+option may be used to treat the next argument as a command by most shells\&.
+.PP
+Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list\&. You can use the
+\fB\-\-\fR
+argument to stop option parsing\&. The
+\fB\-\fR
+option is special: it is also recognized after
+\fB\-\-\fR, but has to be placed before
+\fBusername\fR\&.
+.PP
+Un mot de passe sera demand\('e \(`a l\*(Aqutilisateur, si n\('ecessaire\&. Les mots de passe incorrects produisent un message d\*(Aqerreur\&. Toutes les tentatives, r\('eussies ou non, sont enregistr\('ees afin de d\('etecter tout abus du syst\(`eme\&.
+.PP
+The current environment is passed to the new shell\&. The value of
+\fB$PATH\fR
+is reset to
+/bin:/usr/bin
+for normal users, or
+/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
+for the superuser\&. This may be changed with the
+\fBENV_PATH\fR
+and
+\fBENV_SUPATH\fR
+definitions in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.PP
+Une connexion \(`a un sous\-syst\(`eme est indiqu\('ee par la pr\('esence d\*(Aqun \(Fo\ \&*\ \&\(Fc comme premier caract\(`ere de l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial\&. Le r\('epertoire personnel sera utilis\('e comme racine d\*(Aqun nouveau syst\(`eme de fichiers dans lequel l\*(Aqutilisateur sera connect\('e\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBsu\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR\ \&\fICOMMAND\fR
+.RS 4
+Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its
+\fB\-c\fR\&.
+.sp
+La commande ex\('ecut\('ee n\*(Aqaura aucun terminal de contr\(^ole\&. Cette option ne peut pas \(^etre utilis\('ee pour ex\('ecuter des programmes interactifs qui ont besoin d\*(Aqun terminal de contr\(^ole\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-\fR, \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR
+.RS 4
+Fournir \(`a l\*(Aqutilisateur un environnement similaire \(`a celui qu\*(Aqil aurait obtenu s\*(Aqil s\*(Aq\('etait connect\('e directement\&.
+.sp
+When
+\fB\-\fR
+is used, it must be specified before any
+\fBusername\fR\&. For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any
+\fBusername\fR\&. The other forms (\fB\-l\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-login\fR) do not have this restriction\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+Interpr\('eteur de commande devant \(^etre appel\('e\&.
+.sp
+The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first):
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The shell specified with \-\-shell\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
+is used, the shell specified by the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environment variable\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The shell indicated in the
+/etc/passwd
+entry for the target user\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+/bin/sh
+if a shell could not be found by any above method\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+If the target user has a restricted shell (i\&.e\&. the shell field of this user\*(Aqs entry in
+/etc/passwd
+is not listed in
+/etc/shells), then the
+\fB\-\-shell\fR
+option or the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environment variable won\*(Aqt be taken into account, unless
+\fBsu\fR
+is called by root\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
+.RS 4
+Preserve the current environment, except for:
+.PP
+\fB$PATH\fR
+.RS 4
+reset according to the
+/etc/login\&.defs
+options
+\fBENV_PATH\fR
+or
+\fBENV_SUPATH\fR
+(see below);
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB$IFS\fR
+.RS 4
+reset to
+\(Fo\ \&<space><tab><newline>\ \&\(Fc, if it was set\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless
+\fBsu\fR
+is called by root)\&.
+.sp
+Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following:
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The
+\fB$HOME\fR,
+\fB$SHELL\fR,
+\fB$USER\fR,
+\fB$LOGNAME\fR,
+\fB$PATH\fR, and
+\fB$IFS\fR
+environment variables are reset\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is not used, the environment is copied, except for the variables above\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, the
+\fB$TERM\fR,
+\fB$COLORTERM\fR,
+\fB$DISPLAY\fR, and
+\fB$XAUTHORITY\fR
+environment variables are copied if they were set\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, the
+\fB$TZ\fR,
+\fB$HZ\fR, and
+\fB$MAIL\fR
+environment variables are set according to the
+/etc/login\&.defs
+options
+\fBENV_TZ\fR,
+\fBENV_HZ\fR,
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR, and
+\fBMAIL_FILE\fR
+(see below)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, other environment variables might be set by the
+\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR
+file (see below)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RE
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+This version of
+\fBsu\fR
+has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR"
+.PP
+On success,
+\fBsu\fR
+returns the exit value of the command it executed\&.
+.PP
+If this command was terminated by a signal,
+\fBsu\fR
+returns the number of this signal plus 128\&.
+.PP
+If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the command did not terminate in time),
+\fBsu\fR
+returns 255\&.
+.PP
+Some exit values from
+\fBsu\fR
+are independent from the executed command:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success (\fB\-\-help\fR
+only)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+System or authentication failure
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI126\fR
+.RS 4
+The requested command was not found
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI127\fR
+.RS 4
+The requested command could not be executed
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBsg\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man3/getspnam.3 b/man/fr/man3/getspnam.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd473da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man3/getspnam.3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man3/shadow.3
diff --git a/man/fr/man3/shadow.3 b/man/fr/man3/shadow.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2e598c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man3/shadow.3
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: shadow
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Appels de biblioth\(`eque
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "SHADOW" "3" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Appels de biblioth\(`eque"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+shadow, getspnam \- routines d\*(Aqutilisation des mots de passe cach\('es
+.SH "SYNTAX"
+.PP
+\fI#include <shadow\&.h>\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *getspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *getspnam(char\fR
+\fI*nom\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIvoid setspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIvoid endspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *fgetspent(FILE\fR
+\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *sgetspent(char\fR
+\fI*cp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIint putspent(struct spwd\fR
+\fI*p,\fR
+\fIFICHIER\fR
+\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIint lckpwdf();\fR
+.PP
+\fIint ulckpwdf();\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+\fIshadow\fR
+manipulates the contents of the shadow password file,
+/etc/shadow\&. The structure in the
+\fI#include\fR
+file is:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct spwd {
+      char		*sp_namp; /* user login name */
+      char		*sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */
+      long int		sp_lstchg; /* last password change */
+      long int		sp_min; /* days until change allowed\&. */
+      long int		sp_max; /* days before change required */
+      long int		sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */
+      long int		sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */
+      long int		sp_expire; /* date when account expires */
+      unsigned long int	sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */
+}
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+La signification de chaque champ est la suivante\ \&:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_namp \- pointeur vers le nom d\*(Aqutilisateur termin\('e par un z\('ero binaire (\(Fo\ \&null\-terminated\ \&\(Fc)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_pwdp \- pointeur vers le mot de passe termin\('e par un z\('ero binaire (\(Fo\ \&null\-terminated\ \&\(Fc)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_lstchg \- nombre de jours, compt\('es \(`a partir du 1er\ \&janvier\ \&1970, depuis la derni\(`ere modification du mot de passe
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_min \- nombre de jours pendant lesquels le mot de passe ne peut pas \(^etre chang\('e
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_max \- nombre maximal de jours avant que le mot de passe doive \(^etre chang\('e
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_warn \- nombre de jours avant que le mot de passe n\*(Aqarrive en fin de validit\('e pendant lesquels l\*(Aqutilisateur est averti de la fin prochaine de la validit\('e de son mot de passe
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_inact \- nombre de jours apr\(`es la fin de validit\('e du mot de passe avant de consid\('erer que le compte est inactif et soit d\('esactiv\('e
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_expire \- nombre de jours, compt\('es \(`a partir du 1er\ \&janvier\ \&1970, apr\(`es lesquels le compte sera d\('esactiv\('e
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_flag \- r\('eserv\('e pour une utilisation future
+.RE
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+\fIgetspent\fR,
+\fIgetspname\fR,
+\fIfgetspent\fR, and
+\fIsgetspent\fR
+each return a pointer to a
+\fIstruct spwd\fR\&.
+\fIgetspent\fR
+returns the next entry from the file, and
+\fIfgetspent\fR
+returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format\&.
+\fIsgetspent\fR
+returns a pointer to a
+\fIstruct spwd\fR
+using the provided string as input\&.
+\fIgetspnam\fR
+searches from the current position in the file for an entry matching
+\fIname\fR\&.
+.PP
+\fIsetspent\fR
+and
+\fIendspent\fR
+may be used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+and
+\fIulckpwdf\fR
+routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the
+/etc/shadow
+file\&.
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+attempts to acquire a lock using
+\fIpw_lock\fR
+for up to 15 seconds\&. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using
+\fIspw_lock\fR
+for the remainder of the initial 15 seconds\&. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds,
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+returns \-1\&. When both locks are acquired 0 is returned\&.
+.SH "DIAGNOSTICS"
+.PP
+Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing\&. Routines which have
+\fIint\fR
+as the return value return 0 for success and \-1 for failure\&.
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+Ces fonctions peuvent n\*(Aq\(^etre utilis\('ees que par le superutilisateur car l\*(Aqacc\(`es au fichier de mots de passe cach\('es est restreint\&.
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBgetpwent\fR(3),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/faillog.5 b/man/fr/man5/faillog.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81548d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/faillog.5
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual:  File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "FAILLOG" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuratio"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+faillog \- journal des \('echecs de connexion
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account\&.
+.PP
+Le fichier contient un nombre constant d\*(Aqenregistrements, tri\('es par identifiant d\*(Aqutilisateur num\('erique\&. Chaque enregistrement contient le nombre d\*(Aq\('echecs de connexion depuis la derni\(`ere connexion r\('eussie, le nombre maximum d\*(Aq\('echecs de connexion avant d\('esactivation du compte, la ligne sur laquelle a eu lieu le dernier \('echec de connexion, la date du dernier \('echec de connexion et la dur\('ee (en seconde) pendant laquelle le compte sera verrouill\('e apr\(`es un \('echec\&.
+.PP
+La structure du fichier est la suivante\ \&:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct	faillog {
+	short   fail_cnt;
+	short   fail_max;
+	char    fail_line[12];
+	time_t  fail_time;
+	long    fail_locktime;
+};
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+Journal des \('echecs de connexion\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR(8)
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/gshadow.5 b/man/fr/man5/gshadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a39493
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/gshadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: gshadow
+.\"    Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "GSHADOW" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+gshadow \- informations cach\('ees sur les groupes
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+contains the shadowed information for group accounts\&.
+.PP
+Ce fichier ne doit pas \(^etre accessible en lecture par les utilisateurs normaux afin de maintenir la s\('ecurit\('e des mots de passe, en particuliers pour pr\('evenir les attaques par dictionnaires\&.
+.PP
+Chaque ligne de ce fichier contient les champs suivants, s\('epar\('es par des deux\-points (\(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc)\ \&:
+.PP
+\fBnom du groupe\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce doit \(^etre un nom de groupe valable, qui existe sur le syst\(`eme\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBmot de passe chiffr\('e\fR
+.RS 4
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.sp
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)\&.
+.sp
+The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1))\&.
+.sp
+Ce champ peut \(^etre vide\&. Dans ce cas seuls les membres du groupe peuvent obtenir les permissions du groupe\&.
+.sp
+Un champ de mot de passe qui commence avec un point d\*(Aqexclamation indique que le mot de passe est bloqu\('e\&. Les caract\(`eres restants sur la ligne repr\('esentent le champ de mot de passe avant que le mot de passe n\*(Aqait \('et\('e bloqu\('e\&.
+.sp
+This password supersedes any password specified in
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBadministrateurs\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce champ doit \(^etre une liste d\*(Aqutilisateurs, s\('epar\('es par des virgules\&.
+.sp
+Les administrateurs peuvent modifier le mot de passe ou les membres du groupe\&.
+.sp
+Les administrateurs peuvent aussi avoir les m\(^emes permissions que les membres (voir ci\-dessous)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBmembres\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce champ doit \(^etre une liste d\*(Aqutilisateurs, s\('epar\('es par des virgules\&.
+.sp
+Les membres peuvent acc\('eder au groupe sans qu\*(Aqun mot de passe ne leur soit demand\('e\&.
+.sp
+You should use the same list of users as in
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBgrpconv\fR(8),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/limits.5 b/man/fr/man5/limits.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45ad0fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/limits.5
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: limits
+.\"    Author: Luca Berra
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "LIMITS" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+limits \- d\('efinition des limites de ressources
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fIlimits\fR
+file (/etc/limits
+by default or LIMITS_FILE defined
+config\&.h) describes the resource limits you wish to impose\&. It should be owned by root and readable by root account only\&.
+.PP
+Par d\('efaut, aucun quota (aucune limite) n\*(Aqest impos\('e \(`a \(Fo\ \&root\ \&\(Fc\&. En fait, il n\*(Aqest pas possible d\*(Aqimposer de cette fa\(,con de limite aux comptes root ou \('equivalents (comptes ayant un UID de 0)\&.
+.PP
+Chaque ligne d\('ecrit une limite pour un utilisateur, elle est de la forme suivante\ \&:
+.PP
+\fIutilisateur LISTE_DE_LIMITES\fR
+.PP
+ou sous la forme\ \&:
+.PP
+\fI@groupe LISTE_DE_LIMITES\fR
+.PP
+The
+\fILIMITS_STRING\fR
+is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits\&. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit\&.
+.PP
+Les identifiants possibles sont\ \&:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+A\ \&: espace d\*(Aqadressage maximal (en kilo octets)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+C\ \&: taille maximale d\*(Aqun fichier image de la m\('emoire (\(Fo\ \&core\ \&\(Fc, en kilo octets)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+D\ \&: taille maximale du segment de donn\('ees d\*(Aqun programme (en kilo octets)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+F\ \&: taille maximale des fichiers (en kilo octets)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+K: file creation mask, set by
+\fBumask\fR(2)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+I\ \&: valeur nice maximum (0\&.\&.39 qui sera traduit en 20\&.\&.\-19)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+L\ \&: nombre maximal de connexions simultan\('ees pour cet utilisateur
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+M\ \&: taille maximale de m\('emoire verrouill\('ee (\(Fo\ \&locked\-in\-memory\ \&\(Fc, en kilo octets)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+N\ \&: nombre maximal de fichiers ouverts
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+O\ \&: priorit\('e temps r\('eel maximale
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+P: process priority, set by
+\fBsetpriority\fR(2)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+R\ \&: taille maximale de la m\('emoire r\('esidente (\(Fo\ \&resident set size\ \&\(Fc, en kilo octets)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+S\ \&: taille maximale de la pile (en kilo octets)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+T\ \&: temps processeur maximal consomm\('e (en minutes)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+U\ \&: nombre maximal de processus
+.RE
+.PP
+For example,
+\fIL2D2048N5\fR
+is a valid
+\fILIMITS_STRING\fR\&. For reading convenience, the following entries are equivalent:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      username L2D2048N5
+      username L2 D2048 N5
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Be aware that after
+\fIusername\fR
+the rest of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed\&. An invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the
+\fBlogin\fR
+program\&.
+.PP
+The default entry is denoted by username "\fI*\fR"\&. If you have multiple
+\fIdefault\fR
+entries in your
+\fILIMITS_FILE\fR, then the last one will be used as the default entry\&.
+.PP
+The limits specified in the form "\fI@group\fR" apply to the members of the specified
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.PP
+Si plusieurs lignes avec des limites pour un utilisateur existent, seule la premi\(`ere ligne pour cet utilisateur sera prise en compte\&.
+.PP
+If no lines are specified for a user, the last
+\fI@group\fR
+line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the user\&.
+.PP
+To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" will do\&.
+.PP
+To disable a limit for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit\&.
+.PP
+Notez \('egalement que les limites ne sont configur\('ees que PAR CONNEXION\&. Il n\*(Aqy a pas de limite globale ou permanente\&. Des limites globales pourraient voir le jour, mais pour l\*(Aqinstant, il faut faire sans\&.
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/limits
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsetpriority\fR(2),
+\fBsetrlimit\fR(2)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/login.access.5 b/man/fr/man5/login.access.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42ee60b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/login.access.5
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login.access
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "LOGIN\&.ACCESS" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+login.access \- table de contr\(^ole des connexions
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fIlogin\&.access\fR
+file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused\&.
+.PP
+When someone logs in, the
+\fIlogin\&.access\fR
+is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non\-networked logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination\&. The permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be accepted or refused\&.
+.PP
+Chaque ligne de la table de contr\(^ole des connexions (\(Fo\ \&login access control table\ \&\(Fc) est compos\('ee de trois champs s\('epar\('es par le caract\(`ere \(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc\ \&:
+.PP
+\fIpermission\fR:\fIusers\fR:\fIorigins\fR
+.PP
+The first field should be a "\fI+\fR" (access granted) or "\fI\-\fR" (access denied) character\&. The second field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or
+\fIALL\fR
+(always matches)\&. The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non\-networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with "\&."), host addresses, internet network numbers (end with "\&."),
+\fIALL\fR
+(always matches) or
+\fILOCAL\fR
+(matches any string that does not contain a "\&." character)\&. If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user patterns\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fIEXCEPT\fR
+operator makes it possible to write very compact rules\&.
+.PP
+Le fichier d\*(Aqinformations sur les groupes (/etc/group) n\*(Aqest utilis\('e que lorsqu\*(Aqun nom ne correspond \(`a aucun des utilisateurs connect\('es\&. Seuls les groupes pour lesquels la liste des utilisateurs est sp\('ecifi\('ee sont utilis\('es\ \&: le programme ne recherche pas parmi les groupes primaires des utilisateurs\&.
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/login.defs.5 b/man/fr/man5/login.defs.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b2424a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/login.defs.5
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login.defs
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "LOGIN\&.DEFS" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+login.defs \- configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+/etc/login\&.defs
+file defines the site\-specific configuration for the shadow password suite\&. This file is required\&. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation\&.
+.PP
+Ce fichier est un fichier texte, dont chaque ligne d\('ecrit un param\(`etre de configuration\&. Les lignes consistent en un nom et une valeur, s\('epar\('es par une espace\&. Les lignes blanches et les lignes de commentaires sont ignor\('ees\&. Les commentaires commencent par un caract\(`ere \(Fo\ \&#\ \&\(Fc, qui doit \(^etre le premier caract\(`ere non blanc de la ligne\&.
+.PP
+Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long numbers\&. A string is comprised of any printable characters\&. A boolean should be either the value
+\fIyes\fR
+or
+\fIno\fR\&. An undefined boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a
+\fIno\fR
+value\&. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, octal values (precede the value with
+\fI0\fR) or hexadecimal values (precede the value with
+\fI0x\fR)\&. The maximum value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine\-dependent\&.
+.PP
+Les param\(`etres de configuration suivants sont fournis\ \&:
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR,
+\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR
+and
+\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR
+are only used at the time of account creation\&. Any changes to these settings won\*(Aqt affect existing accounts\&.
+.SH "R\('EF\('ERENCES CROIS\('EES"
+.PP
+Les r\('ef\('erences crois\('ees ci\-dessous montrent quels sont les param\(`etres utilis\('es par les diff\('erents programmes de la suite shadow password\&.
+.PP
+chfn
+.RS 4
+CHFN_AUTH
+CHFN_RESTRICT
+LOGIN_STRING
+.RE
+.PP
+chgpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+chpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+chsh
+.RS 4
+CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING
+.RE
+.PP
+gpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+groupadd
+.RS 4
+GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN
+.RE
+.PP
+groupdel
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+groupmems
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+groupmod
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpck
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpconv
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpunconv
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+lastlog
+.RS 4
+LASTLOG_UID_MAX
+.RE
+.PP
+login
+.RS 4
+CONSOLE
+CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
+ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE
+ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY
+FAILLOG_ENAB
+FAKE_SHELL
+FTMP_FILE
+HUSHLOGIN_FILE
+ISSUE_FILE
+KILLCHAR
+LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX
+LOGIN_RETRIES
+LOGIN_STRING
+LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB
+MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB
+TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE
+ULIMIT UMASK
+USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+newgrp / sg
+.RS 4
+SYSLOG_SG_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+newusers
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK
+.RE
+.PP
+passwd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+pwck
+.RS 4
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+.RE
+.PP
+pwconv
+.RS 4
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+.RE
+.PP
+su
+.RS 4
+CONSOLE
+CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
+ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE
+ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH
+ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB
+SULOG_FILE SU_NAME
+SU_WHEEL_ONLY
+SYSLOG_SU_ENAB
+USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+sulogin
+.RS 4
+ENV_HZ
+ENV_TZ
+.RE
+.PP
+useradd
+.RS 4
+CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK
+.RE
+.PP
+userdel
+.RS 4
+MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+usermod
+.RS 4
+LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBpam\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/passwd.5 b/man/fr/man5/passwd.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..989d092
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/passwd.5
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: passwd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "PASSWD" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+passwd \- fichier des mots de passe
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (\(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc)\&. These fields are:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+nom de connexion de l\*(Aqutilisateur (\(Fo\ \&login\ \&\(Fc)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+un mot de passe chiffr\('e optionnel
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+l\*(Aqidentifiant num\('erique de l\*(Aqutilisateur
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+l\*(Aqidentifiant num\('erique du groupe de l\*(Aqutilisateur
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+le nom complet de l\*(Aqutilisateur ou un champ de commentaires
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+le r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes de l\*(Aqutilisateur (optionnel)
+.RE
+.PP
+If the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field is a lower\-case
+\(Fo\ \&x\ \&\(Fc, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the
+\fBshadow\fR(5)
+file instead; there
+\fImust\fR
+be a corresponding line in the
+/etc/shadow
+file, or else the user account is invalid\&.
+.PP
+The encrypted
+\fIpassword\fR
+field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
+/etc/passwd
+file may decide not to permit
+\fIany\fR
+access at all if the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field is blank\&.
+.PP
+A
+\fIpassword\fR
+field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field before the password was locked\&.
+.PP
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.PP
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
+.PP
+The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system utilities, such as
+\fBfinger\fR(1)\&. The use of an ampersand here will be replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed by such system utilities\&.
+.PP
+The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory\&. The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program uses this information to set the value of the
+\fB$HOME\fR
+environmental variable\&.
+.PP
+The command interpreter field provides the name of the user\*(Aqs command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute\&. The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program uses this information to set the value of the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environmental variable\&. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value
+/bin/sh\&.
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+un mot de passe chiffr\('e optionnel
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd\-
+.RS 4
+Fichier de sauvegarde de /etc/passwd\&.
+.sp
+Notez que ce fichier est utilis\('e par les outils de la suite d\*(Aqoutils shadow, mais pas par tous les outils de gestion d\*(Aqutilisateurs et de mot de passes\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgetent\fR(1),
+\fBgetpwnam\fR(3),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBpwconv\fR(8),
+\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/porttime.5 b/man/fr/man5/porttime.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b392067
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/porttime.5
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: porttime
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "PORTTIME" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+porttime \- Fichier de configuration des droits d\*(Aqacc\(`es en fonction de la date et de l\*(Aqheure
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+\fIporttime\fR
+contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted login times\&.
+.PP
+Chaque entr\('ee consiste en trois champs s\('epar\('es par un caract\(`ere deux\-points \(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc\&. Le premier champ est une liste de tty s\('epar\('es par des virgules, ou un ast\('erisque \(Fo\ \&*\ \&\(Fc pour indiquer que l\*(Aqentr\('ee correspond \(`a toutes les tty\&. Le second champ est une liste de noms d\*(Aqutilisateurs, ou un ast\('erisque pour indiquer que cette entr\('ee correspond \(`a n\*(Aqimporte quel utilisateur\&. Le troisi\(`eme champ est une liste d\*(Aqhoraires d\*(Aqacc\(`es autoris\('es\&.
+.PP
+Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, abbreviated
+\fISu\fR,
+\fIMo\fR,
+\fITu\fR,
+\fIWe\fR,
+\fITh\fR,
+\fIFr\fR, and
+\fISa\fR, followed by a pair of times separated by a hyphen\&. The abbreviation
+\fIWk\fR
+may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and
+\fIAl\fR
+may be used to indicate every day\&. If no days are given,
+\fIAl\fR
+is assumed\&.
+.SH "EXEMPLES"
+.PP
+The following entry allows access to user
+\fBjfh\fR
+on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm\&.
+.PP
+*:jfh:Wk0900\-1700
+.PP
+The following entries allow access only to the users
+\fIroot\fR
+and
+\fIoper\fR
+on
+/dev/console
+at any time\&. This illustrates how the
+/etc/porttime
+file is an ordered list of access times\&. Any other user would match the second entry which does not permit access at any time\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      console:root,oper:Al0000\-2400
+      console:*:
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+The following entry allows access for the user
+\fIgames\fR
+on any port during non\-working hours\&.
+.PP
+*:games:Wk1700\-0900,SaSu0000\-2400
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+Fichier contenant le port d\*(Aqacc\(`es\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/shadow.5 b/man/fr/man5/shadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c482e8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/shadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: shadow
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "SHADOW" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+shadow \- fichier des mots de passe cach\('es
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+shadow
+is a file which contains the password information for the system\*(Aqs accounts and optional aging information\&.
+.PP
+Ce fichier ne doit pas \(^etre accessible en lecture par les utilisateurs normaux afin de maintenir la s\('ecurit\('e des mots de passe, en particuliers pour pr\('evenir les attaques par dictionnaires\&.
+.PP
+Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (\(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc), in the following order:
+.PP
+\fBnom de connexion de l\*(Aqutilisateur (\(Fo\ \&login\ \&\(Fc)\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce doit \(^etre un nom de compte valable, qui existe sur le syst\(`eme\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBmot de passe chiffr\('e\fR
+.RS 4
+This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
+/etc/shadow
+file may decide not to permit any access at all if the password field is empty\&.
+.sp
+Un champ de mot de passe qui commence avec un point d\*(Aqexclamation indique que le mot de passe est bloqu\('e\&. Les caract\(`eres restants sur la ligne repr\('esentent le champ de mot de passe avant que le mot de passe n\*(Aqait \('et\('e bloqu\('e\&.
+.sp
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.sp
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBdate du dernier changement de mot de passe\fR
+.RS 4
+The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&.
+.sp
+La valeur 0 a une signification particuli\(`ere\ \&: l\*(Aqutilisateur devra changer son mot de passe la prochaine fois qu\*(Aqil se connectera au syst\(`eme\&.
+.sp
+Un champ vide indique que les fonctionnalit\('es de vieillissement de mot de passe sont d\('esactiv\('ees\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\(^age minimum du mot de passe\fR
+.RS 4
+L\*(Aq\(^age minimum du mot de passe est la dur\('ee (en jour) que l\*(Aqutilisateur devra attendre avant de pouvoir le changer de nouveau\&.
+.sp
+An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\(^age maximum du mot de passe\fR
+.RS 4
+L\*(Aq\(^age maximum du mot de passe est la dur\('ee (en jour) apr\(`es laquelle l\*(Aqutilisateur devra changer son mot de passe\&.
+.sp
+Une fois cette dur\('ee \('ecoul\('ee, le mot de passe restera valable\&. Il sera demand\('e \(`a l\*(Aqutilisateur de le changer la prochaine fois qu\*(Aqil se connectera\&.
+.sp
+Un champ vide signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pour le mot de passe aucune limite d\*(Aq\(^age, aucune p\('eriode d\*(Aqavertissement d\*(Aqexpiration et aucune p\('eriode d\*(Aqinactivit\('e (voir ci\-dessous)\&.
+.sp
+Si l\*(Aq\(^age maximum du mot de passe est plus petit que l\*(Aq\(^age minimum du mot de passe, l\*(Aqutilisateur ne pourra pas changer son mot de passe\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBp\('eriode d\*(Aqavertissement d\*(Aqexpiration du mot de passe\fR
+.RS 4
+La dur\('ee (en jour) pendant laquelle l\*(Aqutilisateur sera averti avant que le mot de passe n\*(Aqexpire (voir l\*(Aq\(^age maximum du mot de passe ci\-dessus)\&.
+.sp
+Un champ vide ou une valeur de 0 signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy aura pas de p\('eriode d\*(Aqavertissement d\*(Aqexpiration du mot de passe\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBp\('eriode d\*(Aqinactivit\('e du mot de passe\fR
+.RS 4
+La dur\('ee (en jour) pendant laquelle le mot de passe sera quand m\(^eme accept\('e apr\(`es son expiration (voir l\*(Aq\(^age maximum du mot de passe ci\-dessus)\&. L\*(Aqutilisateur devra mettre \(`a jour son mot de passe \(`a la prochaine connexion\&.
+.sp
+After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no login is possible for the user\&. The user should contact her administrator\&.
+.sp
+Un champ vide signifie qu\*(Aqaucune p\('eriode d\*(Aqinactivit\('e n\*(Aqest impos\('ee\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBdate de fin de validit\('e du compte\fR
+.RS 4
+The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&.
+.sp
+Veuillez noter que l\*(Aqexpiration d\*(Aqun compte diff\(`ere de l\*(Aqexpiration d\*(Aqun mot de passe\&. En cas d\*(Aqexpiration d\*(Aqun compte, l\*(Aqutilisateur ne sera plus autoris\('e \(`a se connecter\&. En cas d\*(Aqexpiration d\*(Aqun mot de passe, l\*(Aqutilisateur n\*(Aqest pas autoris\('e \(`a se connecter en utilisant son mot de passe\&.
+.sp
+Un champ vide signifie que le compte n\*(Aqexpirera jamais\&.
+.sp
+La valeur 0 ne doit pas \(^etre utilis\('ee puisqu\*(Aqelle peut \(^etre interpr\('et\('ee soit comme un compte sans expiration, soit comme ayant expir\('e le 1er\ \&janvier\ \&1970\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBchamp r\('eserv\('e\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce champ est r\('eserv\('e pour une utilisation future\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-
+.RS 4
+Fichier de sauvegarde pour /etc/shadow\&.
+.sp
+Notez que ce fichier est utilis\('e par les outils de la suite d\*(Aqoutils shadow, mais pas par tous les outils de gestion d\*(Aqutilisateurs et de mot de passes\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBchage\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBpwconv\fR(8),
+\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/suauth.5 b/man/fr/man5/suauth.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9f3261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/suauth.5
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: suauth
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "SUAUTH" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+suauth \- Fichier de contr\(^ole d\('etaill\('e de su
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fB/etc/suauth\fR\ 'u
+\fB/etc/suauth\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The file
+/etc/suauth
+is referenced whenever the su command is called\&. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      1) the user su is targeting
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+2) l\*(Aqutilisateur qui ex\('ecute la commande su (ou un groupe dont il est membre)
+.PP
+Le fichier est format\('e de la fa\(,con suivante (les lignes commen\(,cant par un \(Fo\ \&#\ \&\(Fc sont des commentaires, et sont ignor\('ees)\ \&:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      to\-id:from\-id:ACTION
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Where to\-id is either the word
+\fIALL\fR, a list of usernames delimited by "," or the words
+\fIALL EXCEPT\fR
+followed by a list of usernames delimited by ","\&.
+.PP
+from\-id is formatted the same as to\-id except the extra word
+\fIGROUP\fR
+is recognized\&.
+\fIALL EXCEPT GROUP\fR
+is perfectly valid too\&. Following
+\fIGROUP\fR
+appears one or more group names, delimited by ","\&. It is not sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in
+\fB/etc/group\fR(5)
+is necessary\&.
+.PP
+Les valeurs d\*(AqACTION valables sont\ \&:
+.PP
+\fIDENY\fR
+.RS 4
+La tentative de changement d\*(Aqutilisateur est arr\(^et\('ee avant que le mot de passe ne soit demand\('e\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fINOPASS\fR
+.RS 4
+La tentative est automatiquement r\('eussie\&. Aucun mot de passe n\*(Aqest demand\('e\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIOWNPASS\fR
+.RS 4
+Pour que la commande su soit r\('eussie, l\*(Aqutilisateur doit entrer son propre mot de passe\&. Ceci lui est demand\('e\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Notez qu\*(Aqil y a trois champs s\('epar\('es par un \(Fo\ \&deux\-points\ \&\(Fc\&. Ne pas accoler d\*(Aqespace \(`a ce \(Fo\ \&deux\-points\ \&\(Fc\&. Notez aussi que le fichier est examin\('e s\('equentiellement ligne par ligne, et que la premi\(`ere r\(`egle applicable est utilis\('ee sans que le reste du fichier ne soit examin\('e\&. Ceci permet \(`a l\*(Aqadministrateur syst\(`eme de d\('efinir un contr\(^ole aussi fin qu\*(Aqil le souhaite\&.
+.SH "EXEMPLE"
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      # sample /etc/suauth file
+      #
+      # A couple of privileged usernames may
+      # su to root with their own password\&.
+      #
+      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS
+      #
+      # Anyone else may not su to root unless in
+      # group wheel\&. This is how BSD does things\&.
+      #
+      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY
+      #
+      # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts
+      # owned by the same person\&.
+      # Access can be arranged between them
+      # with no password\&.
+      #
+      terry:birddog:NOPASS
+      birddog:terry:NOPASS
+      #
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/suauth
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.SH "BOGUES"
+.PP
+Il en reste sans doute beaucoup\&. L\*(Aqanalyseur du fichier est particuli\(`erement impitoyable avec les erreurs de syntaxe\&. Il n\*(Aqautorise d\*(Aqespace qu\*(Aqen d\('ebut et fin de ligne, et seul le d\('elimiteur sp\('ecifique doit \(^etre utilis\('e\&.
+.SH "DIAGNOSTICS"
+.PP
+An error parsing the file is reported using
+\fBsyslogd\fR(8)
+as level ERR on facility AUTH\&.
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBsu\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/subgid.5 b/man/fr/man5/subgid.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e564095
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/subgid.5
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: subgid
+.\"    Author: Eric Biederman
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "SUBGID" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+subgid \- the configuration for subordinate group ids
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+Subgid authorizes a group id to map ranges of group ids from its namespace into child namespaces\&.
+.PP
+The delegation of the subordinate gids can be configured via the
+\fIsubid\fR
+field in
+/etc/nsswitch\&.conf
+file\&. Only one value can be set as the delegation source\&. Setting this field to
+\fIfiles\fR
+configures the delegation of gids to
+/etc/subgid\&. Setting any other value treats the delegation as a plugin following with a name of the form
+\fIlibsubid_$value\&.so\fR\&. If the value or plugin is missing, then the subordinate gid delegation falls back to
+\fIfiles\fR\&.
+.PP
+Note, that
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+will only create entries in
+/etc/subgid
+if subid delegation is managed via subid files\&.
+.SH "LOCAL SUBORDINATE DELEGATION"
+.PP
+Each line in
+/etc/subgid
+contains a user name and a range of subordinate group ids that user is allowed to use\&. This is specified with three fields delimited by colons (\(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc)\&. These fields are:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+login name or UID
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numerical subordinate group ID
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numerical subordinate group ID count
+.RE
+.PP
+This file specifies the group IDs that ordinary users can use, with the
+\fBnewgidmap\fR
+command, to configure gid mapping in a user namespace\&.
+.PP
+Multiple ranges may be specified per user\&.
+.PP
+When large number of entries (10000\-100000 or more) are defined in
+/etc/subgid, parsing performance penalty will become noticeable\&. In this case it is recommended to use UIDs instead of login names\&. Benchmarks have shown speed\-ups up to 20x\&.
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+IDs des groupes subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid\-
+.RS 4
+Backup file for /etc/subgid\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewgidmap\fR(1),
+\fBnewuidmap\fR(1),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8),
+\fBuser_namespaces\fR(7)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/subuid.5 b/man/fr/man5/subuid.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5c6387
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/subuid.5
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: subuid
+.\"    Author: Eric Biederman
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "SUBUID" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+subuid \- the configuration for subordinate user ids
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+Subuid authorizes a user id to map ranges of user ids from its namespace into child namespaces\&.
+.PP
+The delegation of the subordinate uids can be configured via the
+\fIsubid\fR
+field in
+/etc/nsswitch\&.conf
+file\&. Only one value can be set as the delegation source\&. Setting this field to
+\fIfiles\fR
+configures the delegation of uids to
+/etc/subuid\&. Setting any other value treats the delegation as a plugin following with a name of the form
+\fIlibsubid_$value\&.so\fR\&. If the value or plugin is missing, then the subordinate uid delegation falls back to
+\fIfiles\fR\&.
+.PP
+Note, that
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will only create entries in
+/etc/subuid
+if subid delegation is managed via subid files\&.
+.SH "LOCAL SUBORDINATE DELEGATION"
+.PP
+Each line in
+/etc/subuid
+contains a user name and a range of subordinate user ids that user is allowed to use\&. This is specified with three fields delimited by colons (\(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc)\&. These fields are:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+login name or UID
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numerical subordinate user ID
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numerical subordinate user ID count
+.RE
+.PP
+This file specifies the user IDs that ordinary users can use, with the
+\fBnewuidmap\fR
+command, to configure uid mapping in a user namespace\&.
+.PP
+Multiple ranges may be specified per user\&.
+.PP
+When large number of entries (10000\-100000 or more) are defined in
+/etc/subuid, parsing performance penalty will become noticeable\&. In this case it is recommended to use UIDs instead of login names\&. Benchmarks have shown speed\-ups up to 20x\&.
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+IDs de utilisateurs subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid\-
+.RS 4
+Backup file for /etc/subuid\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewgidmap\fR(1),
+\fBnewuidmap\fR(1),
+\fBnewusers\fR(1),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8),
+\fBuser_namespaces\fR(7)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/chgpasswd.8 b/man/fr/man8/chgpasswd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5fd05f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/chgpasswd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chgpasswd
+.\"    Author: Thomas K\(/loczko <kloczek@pld.org.pl>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "CHGPASSWD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+chgpasswd \- Mettre \(`a jour par lot des mots de passe des groupes
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBchgpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBchgpasswd\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchgpasswd\fR
+command reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups\&. Each line is of the format:
+.PP
+\fIgroup_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR
+.PP
+By default the supplied password must be in clear\-text, and is encrypted by
+\fBchgpasswd\fR\&.
+.PP
+The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+variable of
+/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the
+\fB\-e\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-c\fR
+options\&.
+.PP
+Cette commande est destin\('ee aux gros syst\(`emes pour lesquels un nombre importants de comptes sont cr\('e\('es en une seule fois\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchgpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
+.RS 4
+Utiliser la m\('ethode pr\('ecis\('ee pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&.
+.sp
+Les m\('ethodes disponibles sont DES, MD5, NONE et SHA256 ou SHA512 si votre libc prend en charge ces m\('ethodes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
+.RS 4
+Indiquer que les mots de passe fournis sont chiffr\('es\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
+.RS 4
+Permettre d\*(Aqutiliser le chiffrement MD5, plut\(^ot que DES, lorsque les mots de passe fournis ne sont pas chiffr\('es\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
+.RS 4
+Utiliser le nombre de rounds pr\('ecis\('e pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&.
+.sp
+La valeur 0 signifie que le syst\(`eme choisira la valeur par d\('efaut du nombre de rounds pour la m\('ethode de chiffrement (5\ \&000)\&.
+.sp
+Une valeur minimale de 1\ \&000 et une valeur maximale de 999\ \&999\ \&999 seront impos\('ees\&.
+.sp
+Vous ne pouvez utiliser cette m\('ethode qu\*(Aqavec les m\('ethodes de chiffrement SHA256 ou SHA512\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+Pensez \(`a configurer les permissions ou umask afin d\*(Aqemp\(^echer la lecture des fichiers non chiffr\('es par les d\*(Aqautres utilisateurs\&.
+.PP
+Vous devez vous assurer que les mots de passe et la m\('ethode de chiffrement respectent la politique de mot de passe du syst\(`eme\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/chpasswd.8 b/man/fr/man8/chpasswd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b31a73b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/chpasswd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chpasswd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "CHPASSWD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+chpasswd \- Mettre \(`a jour des mots de passe par lot
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBchpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBchpasswd\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users\&. Each line is of the format:
+.PP
+\fIuser_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR
+.PP
+By default the passwords must be supplied in clear\-text, and are encrypted by
+\fBchpasswd\fR\&. Also the password age will be updated, if present\&.
+.PP
+The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+or
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variables of
+/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the
+\fB\-e\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-c\fR
+options\&.
+.PP
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user\&.
+.PP
+Cette commande est destin\('ee aux gros syst\(`emes pour lesquels un nombre importants de comptes sont cr\('e\('es en une seule fois\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR\ \&\fIMETHOD\fR
+.RS 4
+Utiliser la m\('ethode pr\('ecis\('ee pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&.
+.sp
+Les m\('ethodes disponibles sont DES, MD5, NONE et SHA256 ou SHA512 si votre libc prend en charge ces m\('ethodes\&.
+.sp
+By default (if none of the
+\fB\-c\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-e\fR
+options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+or
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variables of
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
+.RS 4
+Indiquer que les mots de passe fournis sont chiffr\('es\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
+.RS 4
+Permettre d\*(Aqutiliser le chiffrement MD5, plut\(^ot que DES, lorsque les mots de passe fournis ne sont pas chiffr\('es\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR\ \&\fIROUNDS\fR
+.RS 4
+Utiliser le nombre de rounds pr\('ecis\('e pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&.
+.sp
+La valeur 0 signifie que le syst\(`eme choisira la valeur par d\('efaut du nombre de rounds pour la m\('ethode de chiffrement (5\ \&000)\&.
+.sp
+Une valeur minimale de 1\ \&000 et une valeur maximale de 999\ \&999\ \&999 seront impos\('ees\&.
+.sp
+Vous ne pouvez utiliser cette m\('ethode qu\*(Aqavec les m\('ethodes de chiffrement SHA256 ou SHA512\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+and
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
+variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+Pensez \(`a configurer les permissions ou umask afin d\*(Aqemp\(^echer la lecture des fichiers non chiffr\('es par les d\*(Aqautres utilisateurs\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/faillog.8 b/man/fr/man8/faillog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a558b3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/faillog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "FAILLOG" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+faillog \- Examiner le fichier faillog, et configurer les limites d\*(Aq\('echecs de connexion
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBfaillog\fR\ 'u
+\fBfaillog\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+displays the contents of the failure log database (/var/log/faillog)\&. It can also set the failure counters and limits\&. When
+\fBfaillog\fR
+is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBfaillog\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+.RS 4
+Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the
+faillog
+database\&.
+.sp
+The range of users can be restricted with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&.
+.sp
+En mode affichage, toujours limit\('ee aux utilisateurs existants, mais l\*(Aqaffichage des entr\('ees d\*(Aqerreur de connexion est impos\('e m\(^eme si elles sont vides\&.
+.sp
+With the
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR,
+\fB\-r\fR,
+\fB\-t\fR
+options, the users\*(Aq records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the system\&. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of users\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\-secs\fR\ \&\fISEC\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock account for
+\fISEC\fR
+seconds after failed login\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-maximum\fR\ \&\fIMAX\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to
+\fIMAX\fR\&.
+.sp
+Selecting a
+\fIMAX\fR
+value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed logins\&.
+.sp
+The maximum failure count should always be 0 for
+\fIroot\fR
+to prevent a denial of services attack against the system\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reset\fR
+.RS 4
+Remettre \(`a z\('ero le compteur d\*(Aq\('echecs de connexion\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Display faillog records more recent than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR
+.RS 4
+Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used with
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR
+or
+\fB\-r\fR
+options) only for the specified user(s)\&.
+.sp
+The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users\&. This
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+When none of the
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-r\fR
+options are used,
+\fBfaillog\fR
+displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)\&.
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+only prints out users with no successful login since the last failure\&. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+flag, or print out all users with the
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag\&.
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+Journal des \('echecs de connexion\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBfaillog\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/fr/man8/groupadd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1d0816
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/groupadd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupadd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPADD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+groupadd \- Cr\('eer un nouveau groupe
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupadd\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupadd\fR [\fIOPTIONS\fR] \fINEWGROUP\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the groupname\&. Fully numeric groupnames and groupnames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists\&. When used with
+\fB\-g\fR, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i\&.e\&.
+\fB\-g\fR
+is turned off)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+The numerical value of the group\*(Aqs ID\&.
+\fIGID\fR
+must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to
+\fBGID_MIN\fR
+and greater than every other group\&.
+.sp
+See also the
+\fB\-r\fR
+option and the
+\fBGID_MAX\fR
+description\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR
+.RS 4
+Overrides
+/etc/login\&.defs
+defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others)\&. Multiple
+\fB\-K\fR
+options can be specified\&.
+.sp
+Example:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \&
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+.sp
+Note:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+doesn\*(Aqt work yet\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID\&. As a result, for this
+\fIGID\fR, the mapping towards group
+\fINEWGROUP\fR
+may not be unique\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines an initial password for the group account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths system account file
+/etc/group
+or
+/etc/gshadow\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Il est n\('ecessaire de v\('erifier si le mot de passe respecte la politique de mots de passe du syst\(`eme\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Cr\('eer un groupe syst\(`eme\&.
+.sp
+The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBGID_MIN\fR\-\fBGID_MAX\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+Vous ne pouvez pas ajouter d\*(Aqutilisateur \(`a un groupe NIS ou LDAP\&. Cela doit \(^etre effectu\('e sur le serveur correspondant\&.
+.PP
+If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP,
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+will deny the group creation request\&.
+.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+GID is already used (when called without
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+group name is already used
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/fr/man8/groupdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40cb607
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/groupdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPDEL" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+groupdel \- Supprimer un groupe
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupdel\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fIGROUPE\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to
+\fIGROUP\fR\&. The named group must exist\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the group, even if there\*(Aqs some user having the group as the primary one\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+Vous ne pouvez pas supprimer le groupe primaire d\*(Aqun utilisateur existant\&. Vous devez supprimer l\*(Aqutilisateur auparavant\&.
+.PP
+Vous devriez v\('erifier vous\-m\(^eme qu\*(Aqaucun fichier poss\('ed\('e par le groupe ne subsiste sur tous les syst\(`emes de fichiers\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove user\*(Aqs primary group
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/groupmems.8 b/man/fr/man8/groupmems.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b02ff16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/groupmems.8
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmems
+.\"    Author: George Kraft, IV
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPMEMS" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+groupmems \- Administrer les membres du groupe primaire d\*(Aqun utilisateur
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmems\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmems\fR \-a\ \fIuser_name\fR | \-d\ \fIuser_name\fR | [\-g\ \fIgroup_name\fR] | \-l | \-p 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+command allows a user to administer their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges\&. The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i\&.e\&., guest / guest)\&.
+.PP
+Only the superuser, as administrator, can use
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+to alter the memberships of other groups\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Ajouter un utilisateur \(`a la liste des membres du groupe\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Supprimer un utilisateur de la liste des membres du groupe\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, the user will be removed from the list of members and administrators of the group\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR\ \&\fIgroup_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Le superutilisateur peut pr\('eciser la liste des membres du groupe \(`a modifier\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher la liste des membres du groupe\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-purge\fR
+.RS 4
+Supprimer tous les utilisateurs de la liste des membres du groupe\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+executable should be in mode
+2710
+as user
+\fIroot\fR
+and in group
+\fIgroups\fR\&. The system administrator can add users to group
+\fIgroups\fR
+to allow or disallow them using the
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+utility to manage their own group membership list\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+	$ groupadd \-r groups
+	$ chmod 2710 groupmems
+	$ chown root\&.groups groupmems
+	$ groupmems \-g groups \-a gk4
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+informations cach\('ees sur les groupes
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/fr/man8/groupmod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..763b777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/groupmod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPMOD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+groupmod \- Modifier la d\('efinition d\*(Aqun groupe du syst\(`eme
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmod\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmod\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fIGROUPE\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command modifies the definition of the specified
+\fIGROUP\fR
+by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+If group members are specified with \-U, append them to the existing member list, rather than replacing it\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+The group ID of the given
+\fIGROUP\fR
+will be changed to
+\fIGID\fR\&.
+.sp
+The value of
+\fIGID\fR
+must be a non\-negative decimal integer\&. This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&.
+.sp
+Les utilisateurs qui utilisent ce groupe comme groupe primaire seront mis \(`a jour pour garder le groupe comme groupe primaire\&.
+.sp
+Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to
+\fIGROUP\fR, must have their group ID changed manually\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to the
+\fBGID_MIN\fR,
+\fBGID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR, or
+\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-new\-name\fR\ \&\fINEW_GROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the group will be changed from
+\fIGROUP\fR
+to
+\fINEW_GROUP\fR
+name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+When used with the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option, allow to change the group
+\fIGID\fR
+to a non\-unique value\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+The encrypted password, as returned by
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Il est n\('ecessaire de v\('erifier si le mot de passe respecte la politique de mots de passe du syst\(`eme\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+E_SUCCESS: success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+E_USAGE: invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GRP_UPDATE: can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI11\fR
+.RS 4
+E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can\*(Aqt setup cleanup service
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_USERNAME: can\*(Aqt determine your username for use with pam
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI13\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/grpck.8 b/man/fr/man8/grpck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bc46ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/grpck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: grpck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "GRPCK" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+grpck \- V\('erifier l\*(Aqint\('egrit\('e des fichiers d\*(Aqadministration des groupes
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgrpck\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpck\fR [options] [\fIgroupe\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command verifies the integrity of the groups information\&. It checks that all entries in
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&.
+.PP
+Voici les v\('erifications effectu\('ees\ \&:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+nombre correct de champs\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+unicit\('e et validit\('e des noms de groupe\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid group identifier
+(/etc/group only)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid list of members
+and administrators
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a corresponding entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file (respectively
+/etc/group
+for the
+gshadow
+checks)
+.RE
+.PP
+The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal\&. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command to correct the error\&.
+.PP
+The commands which operate on the
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow files
+are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&.
+\fBgrpck\fR
+should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR
+and
+\fB\-s\fR
+options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Execute the
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command in read\-only mode\&. This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered
+\fIno\fR
+without user intervention\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Sort entries in
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+by GID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-silence\-warnings\fR
+.RS 4
+Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about inconsistency between group members listed in
+/etc/group
+and
+/etc/ghadow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+By default,
+\fBgrpck\fR
+operates on
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the
+\fIgroup\fR
+and \fIshadow\fR parameters\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+one or more bad group entries
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt open group files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt lock group files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group files
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/grpconv.8 b/man/fr/man8/grpconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/grpconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/grpunconv.8 b/man/fr/man8/grpunconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/grpunconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/fr/man8/lastlog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3059d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/lastlog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: lastlog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "LASTLOG" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+lastlog \- signaler les connexions les plus r\('ecentes de tous les utilisateurs ou d\*(Aqun utilisateur donn\('e
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBlastlog\fR\ 'u
+\fBlastlog\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+\fBlastlog\fR
+formats and prints the contents of the last login log
+/var/log/lastlog
+file\&. The
+\fIlogin\-name\fR,
+\fIport\fR, and
+\fIlast login time\fR
+will be printed\&. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in
+/etc/passwd\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBlastlog\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-before\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Print only lastlog records older than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-clear\fR
+.RS 4
+Clear lastlog record of a user\&. This option can be used only together with
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-set\fR
+.RS 4
+Set lastlog record of a user to the current time\&. This option can be used only together with
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Print the lastlog records more recent than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR
+.RS 4
+N\*(Aqafficher que les entr\('ees correspondant aux utilisateurs indiqu\('es\&.
+.sp
+The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users\&. This
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If the user has never logged in the message
+\fI** Never logged in**\fR
+will be displayed instead of the port and time\&.
+.PP
+Seules les entr\('ees pour les utilisateurs actuels du syst\(`eme seront affich\('ees\&. D\*(Aqautres entr\('ees peuvent exister pour les utilisateurs supprim\('es pr\('ec\('edemment\&.
+.SH "NOTE"
+.PP
+The
+lastlog
+file is a database which contains info on the last login of each user\&. You should not rotate it\&. It is a sparse file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by "\fBls \-l\fR" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in
+passwd
+users with a high UID)\&. You can display its real size with "\fBls \-s\fR"\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/var/log/lastlog
+.RS 4
+Base de donn\('ees de l\*(Aqheure des connexions pr\('ec\('edentes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+S\*(Aqil y a des trous importants dans les valeurs des UID,
+\fBlastlog\fR
+s\*(Aqex\('ecutera plus lentement, sans affichage \(`a l\*(Aq\('ecran (par exemple, s\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pas d\*(Aqentr\('ee pour les utilisateurs ayant un UID compris entre 170 et 800 dans base de donn\('ees lastlog, le programme lastlog semblera bloqu\('e comme s\*(Aqil traitait les entr\('ees correspondant aux UID 171 \(`a 799)\&.
+.PP
+Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the
+<term> /var/log/lastlog</term>
+with external tools\&. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by default and may require a specific option to handle them\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/fr/man8/logoutd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89caea3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/logoutd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: logoutd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "LOGOUTD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+logoutd \- Imposer les restrictions de connexion dans le temps
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBlogoutd\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in
+/etc/porttime\&.
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+should be started from
+/etc/rc\&. The
+/var/run/utmp
+file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time\&. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in
+/etc/porttime
+is terminated\&.
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+Fichier contenant le port d\*(Aqacc\(`es\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/var/run/utmp
+.RS 4
+Liste des sessions de connexion en cours\&.
+.RE
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/newusers.8 b/man/fr/man8/newusers.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e71f59c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/newusers.8
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newusers
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "NEWUSERS" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+newusers \- Mettre \(`a jour, ou cr\('eer de nouveaux utilisateurs par lots
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBnewusers\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewusers\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fIfichier\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewusers\fR
+command reads a
+\fIfile\fR
+(or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users\&. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)) with the exceptions explained below:
+.PP
+pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell
+.PP
+\fIpw_name\fR
+.RS 4
+C\*(Aqest le nom de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.sp
+It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR)\&. In case of an existing user, the user\*(Aqs information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_passwd\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce champ sera chiffr\('e et utilis\('e comme nouvelle valeur du mot de passe chiffr\('e\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_uid\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce champ est utilis\('e pour d\('efinir l\*(AqUID de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.sp
+If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+Si ce champ contient un nombre, ce nombre sera utilis\('e comme UID\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), the UID of the specified user will be used\&.
+.sp
+Si l\*(AqUID d\*(Aqun utilisateur existant est modifi\('e, vous devrez configurer vous\-m\(^eme le propri\('etaire des fichiers de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_gid\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce champ est utilis\('e pour d\('efinir l\*(Aqidentifiant du groupe primaire de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user\&.
+.sp
+Si ce champ est un nombre, ce nombre sera utilis\('e comme identifiant de groupe primaire de cet utilisateur\&. Si aucun groupe n\*(Aqexiste avec ce GID, un nouveau groupe sera cr\('e\('e avec ce GID et le nom de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.sp
+If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by
+\fBnewusers\fR
+to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by
+\fBnewusers\fR
+to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_gecos\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce champ est copi\('e dans le champ GECOS de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_dir\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce champ est utilis\('e pour d\('efinir le r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.sp
+If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or updated and its primary group\&. Note that
+\fInewusers does not create parent directories \fR
+of the new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr informing the user of the failure\&. The newusers command will not halt or return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified\&.
+.sp
+If the home directory of an existing user is changed,
+\fBnewusers\fR
+does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location\&. This should be done manually\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_shell\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce champ d\('efinit l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commande de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. Aucune v\('erification n\*(Aqest effectu\('ee sur ce champ\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBnewusers\fR
+first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases\&. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases\&.
+.PP
+Cette commande a \('et\('e con\(,cue pour les gros syst\(`emes pour lesquels un grand nombre de comptes sont mis \(`a jour en m\(^eme temps\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBnewusers\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
+.RS 4
+Utiliser la m\('ethode pr\('ecis\('ee pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&.
+.sp
+Les m\('ethodes disponibles sont DES, MD5, NONE et SHA256 ou SHA512 si votre libc prend en charge ces m\('ethodes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Cr\('eer un compte syst\(`eme\&.
+.sp
+System users will be created with no aging information in
+/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
+(and their
+\fBGID\fR
+counterparts for the creation of groups)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
+.RS 4
+Utiliser le nombre de rounds pr\('ecis\('e pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&.
+.sp
+La valeur 0 signifie que le syst\(`eme choisira la valeur par d\('efaut du nombre de rounds pour la m\('ethode de chiffrement (5\ \&000)\&.
+.sp
+Une valeur minimale de 1\ \&000 et une valeur maximale de 999\ \&999\ \&999 seront impos\('ees\&.
+.sp
+Vous ne pouvez utiliser cette m\('ethode qu\*(Aqavec les m\('ethodes de chiffrement SHA256 ou SHA512\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+Le fichier d\*(Aqentr\('ee doit \(^etre correctement prot\('eg\('e puisqu\*(Aqil contient des mots de passe en clair\&.
+.PP
+Vous devez vous assurer que les mots de passe et la m\('ethode de chiffrement respectent la politique de mot de passe du syst\(`eme\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+
+
+
+
+
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+IDs des groupes subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+IDs de utilisateurs subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/nologin.8 b/man/fr/man8/nologin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4dbf3c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/nologin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: nologin
+.\"    Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "NOLOGIN" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+nologin \- refuser poliment une connexion
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBnologin\fR\ 'u
+\fBnologin\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnologin\fR
+command displays a message that an account is not available and exits non\-zero\&. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled\&.
+.PP
+To disable all logins, investigate
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBSSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND\fR
+is populated it will be logged\&.
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.SH "HISTORIQUE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnologin\fR
+command appeared in BSD 4\&.4\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/pwck.8 b/man/fr/man8/pwck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64c3473
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/pwck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: pwck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "PWCK" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+pwck \- verify the integrity of password files
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBpwck\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwck\fR [options] [\fIPASSWORDFILE\fR\ [\ \fISHADOWFILE\fR\ ]]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwck\fR
+command verifies the integrity of the users and authentication information\&. It checks that all entries in
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow
+have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&.
+.PP
+Voici les v\('erifications effectu\('ees\ \&:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+nombre correct de champs\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+unicit\('e et validit\('e des noms d\*(Aqutilisateur\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+validit\('e des identifiants d\*(Aqutilisateur et de groupe\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+validit\('e du groupe primaire\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+validit\('e du r\('epertoire personnel\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+validit\('e de l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial (\(Fo\ \&login shell\ \&\(Fc)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file parameter
+\fISHADOWFILE\fR
+is specified or when
+/etc/shadow
+exists on the system\&.
+.PP
+Ces v\('erifications sont les suivantes\ \&:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+chaque entr\('ee de passwd a une entr\('ee correspondante dans shadow, et chaque entr\('ee shadow a une entr\('ee passwd correspondante\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+les mots de passe sont indiqu\('es dans le fichier des mot de passe cach\('es\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+les entr\('ees de shadow ont le bon nombre de champs\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+les entr\('ees de shadow sont uniques dans shadow\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+la date du dernier changement de mot de passe n\*(Aqest pas dans le futur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal\&. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the
+\fBusermod\fR
+command to correct the error\&.
+.PP
+The commands which operate on the
+/etc/passwd
+file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&.
+\fBpwck\fR
+should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR
+and
+\fB\-s\fR
+options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpwck\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Ne signaler que les erreurs\&. Les avertissements qui ne n\('ecessitent pas une action de la part de l\*(Aqutilisateur ne seront pas affich\('es\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Execute the
+\fBpwck\fR
+command in read\-only mode\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Sort entries in
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow
+by UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+By default,
+\fBpwck\fR
+operates on the files
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and
+\fIshadow\fR
+parameters\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwck\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+one or more bad password entries
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt open password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt lock password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt sort password files
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/pwconv.8 b/man/fr/man8/pwconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f3760c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/pwconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: pwconv
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "PWCONV" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv \- Convertir vers ou depuis les fichiers de mots de passe ou de groupe cach\('es
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBpwconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBpwunconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwunconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBgrpconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBgrpunconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpunconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIshadow\fR
+from
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and an optionally existing
+\fIshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwunconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIpasswd\fR
+from
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and
+\fIshadow\fR
+and then removes
+\fIshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIgshadow\fR
+from
+\fIgroup\fR
+and an optionally existing
+\fIgshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIgroup\fR
+from
+\fIgroup\fR
+and
+\fIgshadow\fR
+and then removes
+\fIgshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files:
+/etc/passwd,
+/etc/group,
+/etc/shadow, and
+/etc/gshadow\&.
+.PP
+Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion\&.
+\fBpwconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+are similar\&. First, entries in the shadowed file which don\*(Aqt exist in the main file are removed\&. Then, shadowed entries which don\*(Aqt have `x\*(Aq as the password in the main file are updated\&. Any missing shadowed entries are added\&. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x\*(Aq\&. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand\&.
+.PP
+\fBpwconv\fR
+will use the values of
+\fIPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR,
+\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, and
+\fIPASS_WARN_AGE\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs
+when adding new entries to
+/etc/shadow\&.
+.PP
+Likewise
+\fBpwunconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+are similar\&. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file\&. Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone\&. Finally, the shadowed file is removed\&. Some password aging information is lost by
+\fBpwunconv\fR\&. It will convert what it can\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpwconv\fR,
+\fBpwunconv\fR,
+\fBgrpconv\fR, and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+commands are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.SH "BOGUES"
+.PP
+Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways\&. Please run
+\fBpwck\fR
+and
+\fBgrpck\fR
+to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+changes the behavior of
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR:
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of
+\fBpwconv\fR:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/pwunconv.8 b/man/fr/man8/pwunconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/pwunconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/sulogin.8 b/man/fr/man8/sulogin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b66fc3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/sulogin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: sulogin
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "SULOGIN" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+sulogin \- Single\-user login
+.SH "SYNTAX"
+.PP
+\fBsulogin\fR
+[\fItty\-device\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsulogin\fR
+command is invoked by
+\fBinit\fR
+prior to allowing the user access to the system when in single user mode\&. This feature may only be available on certain systems where
+\fBinit\fR
+has been modified accordingly, or where the
+/etc/inittab
+has an entry for a single user login\&.
+.PP
+The user is prompted
+.PP
+Type control\-d to proceed with normal startup,
+(or give root password for system maintenance):
+.PP
+Input and output will be performed with the standard file descriptors unless the optional device name argument is provided\&.
+.PP
+If the user enters the correct root password, a login session is initiated\&. When
+\fIEOF\fR
+is pressed instead, the system enters multi\-user mode\&.
+.PP
+After the user exits the single\-user shell, or presses
+\fIEOF\fR, the system begins the initialization process required to enter multi\-user mode\&.
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+This command can only be used if
+\fBinit\fR
+has been modified to call
+\fBsulogin\fR
+instead of
+/bin/sh, or if the user has set the
+\fIinittab\fR
+to support a single user login\&. For example, the line:
+.PP
+co:s:respawn:/etc/sulogin /dev/console
+.PP
+should execute the sulogin command in single user mode\&.
+.PP
+As complete an environment as possible is created\&. However, various devices may be unmounted or uninitialized and many of the user commands may be unavailable or nonfunctional as a result\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1),
+\fBinit\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/useradd.8 b/man/fr/man8/useradd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c131ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/useradd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: useradd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "USERADD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+useradd \- cr\('eer un nouvel utilisateur ou modifier les informations par d\('efaut appliqu\('ees aux nouveaux utilisateurs
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR \-D
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR \-D [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+When invoked without the
+\fB\-D\fR
+option, the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. Depending on command line options, the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command will update system files and may also create the new user\*(Aqs home directory and copy initial files\&.
+.PP
+By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR,
+\fB\-U\fR, and
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR)\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The default base directory for the system if
+\fB\-d\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+is not specified\&.
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the base directory specified by the
+\fBHOME\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or
+/home
+by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR
+.RS 4
+Any text string\&. It is generally a short description of the account, and is currently used as the field for the user\*(Aqs full name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\-dir\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The new user will be created using
+\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+as the value for the user\*(Aqs login directory\&. The default is to append the
+\fILOGIN\fR
+name to
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+and use that as the login directory name\&. If the directory
+\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+does not exist, then it will be created unless the
+\fB\-M\fR
+option is specified\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-defaults\fR
+.RS 4
+Consultez ci\-dessous la sous\-section \(Fo\ \&Modifier les valeurs par d\('efaut\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format
+\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&.
+.sp
+If not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the default expiry date specified by the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string (no expiry) by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. The value is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&.
+.sp
+If not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the default inactivity period specified by the
+\fBINACTIVE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or \-1 by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subids\-for\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Update
+/etc/subuid
+and
+/etc/subgid
+even when creating a system account with
+\fB\-r\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name or the number of the user\*(Aqs primary group\&. The group name must exist\&. A group number must refer to an already existing group\&.
+.sp
+If not specified, the behavior of
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will depend on the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&. If this variable is set to
+\fIyes\fR
+(or
+\fB\-U/\-\-user\-group\fR
+is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname\&. If the variable is set to
+\fIno\fR
+(or
+\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR
+is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or 1000 by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]]
+.RS 4
+A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option\&. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-skel\fR\ \&\fISKEL_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user\*(Aqs home directory, when the home directory is created by
+\fBuseradd\fR\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid if the
+\fB\-m\fR
+(or
+\fB\-\-create\-home\fR) option is specified\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the
+\fBSKEL\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd
+or, by default,
+/etc/skel\&.
+.sp
+Si possible, les ACL et les attributs \('etendus seront copi\('es\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR
+.RS 4
+Overrides
+/etc/login\&.defs
+defaults (\fBUID_MIN\fR,
+\fBUID_MAX\fR,
+\fBUMASK\fR,
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR
+and others)\&.
+.sp
+Example:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS \fR=\fI\-1\fR
+can be used when creating an account to turn off password aging\&. Multiple
+\fB\-K\fR
+options can be specified, e\&.g\&.:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MIN\fR
+=\fI100\fR\ \&\fB\-K\fR\ \&
+\fIUID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-no\-log\-init\fR
+.RS 4
+N\*(Aqajoute pas l\*(Aqutilisateur aux bases de donn\('ees lastlog et faillog\&.
+.sp
+Par d\('efaut, les entr\('ees de l\*(Aqutilisateur dans les bases de donn\('ees lastlog et faillog sont remises \(`a z\('ero pour \('eviter de r\('eutiliser les entr\('ees d\*(Aqun utilisateur pr\('ec\('edemment supprim\('e\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will also consult the variable
+\fBLOG_INIT\fR
+in the
+/etc/default/useradd
+if set to no the user will not be added to the lastlog and faillog databases\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-create\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+Create the user\*(Aqs home directory if it does not exist\&. The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with the
+\fB\-k\fR
+option) will be copied to the home directory\&.
+.sp
+By default, if this option is not specified and
+\fBCREATE_HOME\fR
+is not enabled, no home directories are created\&.
+.sp
+The directory where the user\*(Aqs home directory is created must exist and have proper SELinux context and permissions\&. Otherwise the user\*(Aqs home directory cannot be created or accessed\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-no\-create\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+Do not create the user\*(Aqs home directory, even if the system wide setting from
+/etc/login\&.defs
+(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR) is set to
+\fIyes\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-no\-user\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option or by the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines an initial password for the account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&. Within a shell script, this option allows to create efficiently batches of users\&.
+.sp
+Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of
+/etc/shadow\&. This is a state where the user won\*(Aqt be able to access the account or to define a password himself\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fRAvoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Il est n\('ecessaire de v\('erifier si le mot de passe respecte la politique de mots de passe du syst\(`eme\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Cr\('eer un compte syst\(`eme\&.
+.sp
+System users will be created with no aging information in
+/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+/etc/login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
+(and their
+\fBGID\fR
+counterparts for the creation of groups)\&.
+.sp
+Note that
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will not create a home directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR)\&. You have to specify the
+\fB\-m\fR
+options if you want a home directory for a system account to be created\&.
+.sp
+Note that this option will not update
+/etc/subuid
+and
+/etc/subgid\&. You have to specify the
+\fB\-F\fR
+options if you want to update the files for a system account to be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the path to the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. Without this option, the system will use the
+\fBSHELL\fR
+variable specified in
+/etc/default/useradd, or, if that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in
+/etc/passwd
+remains empty\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR
+.RS 4
+The numerical value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to
+\fBUID_MIN\fR
+and greater than every other user\&.
+.sp
+See also the
+\fB\-r\fR
+option and the
+\fBUID_MAX\fR
+description\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-user\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Cr\('ee un groupe avec le m\(^eme nom que celui de l\*(Aqutilisateur, et ajoute l\*(Aqutilisateur \(`a ce groupe\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the SELinux user for the new account\&. Without this option, a SELinux uses the default user\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses
+\fBsemanage\fR(8)
+for that\&.
+.RE
+.SS "Modifier les valeurs par d\('efaut"
+.PP
+When invoked with only the
+\fB\-D\fR
+option,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will display the current default values\&. When invoked with
+\fB\-D\fR
+plus other options,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will update the default values for the specified options\&. Valid default\-changing options are:
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the path prefix for a new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The user\*(Aqs name will be affixed to the end of
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+to form the new user\*(Aqs home directory name, if the
+\fB\-d\fR
+option is not used when creating a new account\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBHOME\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBINACTIVE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group names or a numerical group ID\&. The named group must exist, and the GID must have an existing entry\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the default login shell for new users\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBSHELL\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.SH "NOTES"
+.PP
+The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the
+/etc/skel/
+directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in
+/etc/default/useradd
+or on the command line)\&.
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+Vous ne pouvez pas ajouter d\*(Aqutilisateur \(`a un groupe NIS ou LDAP\&. Cela doit \(^etre effectu\('e sur le serveur correspondant\&.
+.PP
+Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will deny the user account creation request\&.
+.PP
+Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the username\&. Fully numeric usernames and usernames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&. It is not recommended to use usernames beginning with \&. character as their home directories will be hidden in the
+\fBls\fR
+output\&.
+.PP
+Les noms d\*(Aqutilisateur sont limit\('es \(`a 16 caract\(`eres\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/default/useradd
+.RS 4
+Valeurs par d\('efaut pour la cr\('eation de comptes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-post\&.d/*
+.RS 4
+Run\-part files to execute during user addition\&. The environment variable
+\fBACTION\fR
+will be populated with useradd and
+\fBSUBJECT\fR
+with the
+\fBusername\fR\&.
+useradd\-pre\&.d
+will be executed prior to any user addition\&.
+useradd\-post\&.d
+will execute after user addition\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/skel/
+.RS 4
+R\('epertoire contenant les fichiers par d\('efaut\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+IDs des groupes subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+IDs de utilisateurs subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+UID already in use (and no
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+username or group name already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt create home directory
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI14\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update SELinux user mapping
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/userdel.8 b/man/fr/man8/userdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..663fe6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/userdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: userdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "USERDEL" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+userdel \- supprimer un compte utilisateur et les fichiers associ\('es
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBuserdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBuserdel\fR [options] \fILOGIN\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name
+\fILOGIN\fR\&. The named user must exist\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is still logged in\&. It also forces
+\fBuserdel\fR
+to remove the user\*(Aqs home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user\&. If
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+is defined to
+\fIyes\fR
+in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+and if a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user\&.
+.sp
+\fINote:\fR
+This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+Les fichiers pr\('esents dans le r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur seront supprim\('es en m\(^eme temps que le r\('epertoire lui\-m\(^eme, ainsi que le r\('epertoire d\*(Aqattente des courriels\&. Vous devrez rechercher et \('eliminer vous\-m\(^eme les fichiers situ\('es dans d\*(Aqautres syst\(`emes de fichiers\&.
+.sp
+The mail spool is defined by the
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
+variable in the
+login\&.defs
+file\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR
+.RS 4
+\('Elimine toute association avec tout utilisateur SELinux pour la connexion de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-post\&.d/*
+.RS 4
+Run\-part files to execute during user deletion\&. The environment variable
+\fBACTION\fR
+will be populated with
+\fBuserdel\fR
+and
+\fBSUBJECT\fR
+with the username\&.
+userdel\-pre\&.d
+will be executed prior to any user deletion\&.
+userdel\-post\&.d
+will execute after user deletion\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+IDs des groupes subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+IDs de utilisateurs subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified user doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+user currently logged in
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove home directory
+.RE
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will not allow you to remove an account if there are running processes which belong to this account\&. In that case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user\*(Aqs password or account and remove the account later\&. The
+\fB\-f\fR
+option can force the deletion of this account\&.
+.PP
+Vous devez v\('erifier vous\-m\(^eme qu\*(Aqaucun fichier poss\('ed\('e par l\*(Aqutilisateur ne subsiste sur tous les syst\(`emes de fichiers\&.
+.PP
+Vous ne pouvez supprimer aucun attribut NIS d\*(Aqun client NIS\&. Cela doit \(^etre effectu\('e sur le serveur NIS\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+is defined to
+\fIyes\fR
+in
+/etc/login\&.defs,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will delete the group with the same name as the user\&. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise\&. The
+\fB\-f\fR
+option can force the deletion of this group\&.
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/usermod.8 b/man/fr/man8/usermod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f84304d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/usermod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: usermod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "USERMOD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+usermod \- Modifier un compte utilisateur
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBusermod\fR\ 'u
+\fBusermod\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBusermod\fR
+command modifies the system account files\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBusermod\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR
+.RS 4
+Add the user to the supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the
+\fB\-G\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-badname\fR
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR
+.RS 4
+update the comment field of the user in
+/etc/passwd, which is normally modified using the
+\fBchfn\fR(1)
+utility\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Le nouveau r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.sp
+If the
+\fB\-m\fR
+option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format
+\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. Integers as input are interpreted as days after 1970\-01\-01\&.
+.sp
+An input of \-1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in the shadow password file\&. The account will remain available with no date limit\&.
+.sp
+This option requires a
+/etc/shadow
+file\&. A
+/etc/shadow
+entry will be created if there were none\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password\&. This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)
+for more information\&.
+.sp
+This option requires a
+/etc/shadow
+file\&. A
+/etc/shadow
+entry will be created if there were none\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name or numerical ID of the user\*(Aqs new primary group\&. The group must exist\&.
+.sp
+Tout fichier du r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur appartenant au groupe primaire pr\('ec\('edent de l\*(Aqutilisateur appartiendra \(`a ce nouveau groupe\&.
+.sp
+Le groupe propri\('etaire des fichiers en dehors du r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur doit \(^etre modifi\('e manuellement\&.
+.sp
+The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as
+/\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]]
+.RS 4
+A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups must exist\&.
+.sp
+If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group\&. This behaviour can be changed via the
+\fB\-a\fR
+option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR\ \&\fINEW_LOGIN\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the user will be changed from
+\fILOGIN\fR
+to
+\fINEW_LOGIN\fR\&. Nothing else is changed\&. In particular, the user\*(Aqs home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This puts a \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
+\fB\-p\fR
+or
+\fB\-U\fR\&.
+.sp
+Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+to
+\fI1\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-move\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+moves the content of the user\*(Aqs home directory to the new location\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-d\fR
+(or
+\fB\-\-home\fR) option\&.
+.sp
+\fBusermod\fR
+will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+allows to change the user ID to a non\-unique value\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines a new password for the user\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+Avoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Il est n\('ecessaire de v\('erifier si le mot de passe respecte la politique de mots de passe du syst\(`eme\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the user from named supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the
+\fB\-G\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes within the directory tree starting with
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+and use as well the configuration files located there\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+changes the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field in
+/etc/passwd
+and logs the user into the system\*(Aqs default shell\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR
+.RS 4
+The new value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&.
+.sp
+This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&.
+.sp
+La bo\(^ite aux lettres et tous les fichiers poss\('ed\('es par l\*(Aqutilisateur et qui sont situ\('es dans son r\('epertoire personnel verront leur identifiant d\*(Aqutilisateur automatiquement modifi\('e\&.
+.sp
+Le propri\('etaire des fichiers en dehors du r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur doit \(^etre modifi\('e manuellement\&.
+.sp
+The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as
+/\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to the
+\fBUID_MIN\fR,
+\fBUID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR, or
+\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
+.RS 4
+Unlock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This removes the \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
+\fB\-p\fR
+or
+\fB\-L\fR\&.
+.sp
+Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+(for example to
+\fI99999\fR, or to the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+value from
+/etc/default/useradd)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Ajoute une plage d\*(AqUIDs subalternes au compte de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Supprime une plage d\*(AqUids subalternes du compte de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both
+\fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR
+are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Ajoute une plage de gids subalternes au compte d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Supprime une plage de gids subalternes du compte de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both
+\fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR
+are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the SELinux user to be mapped with
+\fILOGIN\fR\&. An empty string ("") will remove the respective entry (if any)\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses semanage(8) for that\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user\*(Aqs numerical user ID, the user\*(Aqs name, or the user\*(Aqs home directory is being changed\&.
+\fBusermod\fR
+checks this on Linux\&. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in\&.
+.PP
+You must change the owner of any
+\fBcrontab\fR
+files or
+\fBat\fR
+jobs manually\&.
+.PP
+Les modifications qui concernent NIS doivent \(^etre effectu\('ees sur le serveur NIS\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account informatio\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/vigr.8 b/man/fr/man8/vigr.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff72d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/vigr.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/vipw.8
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/vipw.8 b/man/fr/man8/vipw.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..714fd73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/vipw.8
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: vipw
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "VIPW" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+vipw, vigr \- \('Editer les fichiers passwd, group, shadow ou gshadow
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBvipw\fR\ 'u
+\fBvipw\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBvigr\fR\ 'u
+\fBvigr\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands edits the files
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/group, respectively\&. With the
+\fB\-s\fR
+flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files,
+/etc/shadow
+and
+/etc/gshadow, respectively\&. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption\&. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable
+\fB$VISUAL\fR, then the environment variable
+\fB$EDITOR\fR, and finally the default editor,
+\fBvi\fR(1)\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands are:
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+\('Editer la base de donn\('ees de groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR
+.RS 4
+\('Editer la base de donn\('ees passwd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Mode silencieux\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR
+.RS 4
+\('Editer les bases de donn\('ees shadow ou gshadow\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ENVIRONNEMENT"
+.PP
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+.RS 4
+L\*(Aq\('editeur \(`a utiliser
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBEDITOR\fR
+.RS 4
+Editor to be used if
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+is not set\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBvi\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5)
+,
+\fBpasswd\fR(5), ,
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/generate_mans.mak b/man/generate_mans.mak
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0721b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/generate_mans.mak
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+if USE_PAM
+PAM_COND=pam
+else
+PAM_COND=no_pam
+endif
+if SHADOWGRP
+SHADOWGRP_COND=gshadow
+else
+SHADOWGRP_COND=no_gshadow
+endif
+if WITH_TCB
+TCB_COND=tcb
+else
+TCB_COND=no_tcb
+endif
+
+if USE_SHA_CRYPT
+SHA_CRYPT_COND=sha_crypt
+else
+SHA_CRYPT_COND=no_sha_crypt
+endif
+
+if ENABLE_SUBIDS
+SUBIDS_COND=subids
+else
+SUBIDS_COND=no_subids
+endif
+
+if ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN
+%.xml-config: %.xml
+	if grep -q SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE $<; then \
+		sed -e 's/^<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->/<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;/' $< > $@; \
+	else \
+		sed -e 's/^\(<!DOCTYPE .*docbookx.dtd"\)>/\1 [<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;]>/' $< > $@; \
+	fi
+
+man1/% man3/% man5/% man8/%: %.xml-config Makefile config.xml
+	$(XSLTPROC) --stringparam profile.condition "$(PAM_COND);$(SHADOWGRP_COND);$(TCB_COND);$(SHA_CRYPT_COND);$(SUBIDS_COND)" \
+	            --param "man.authors.section.enabled" "0" \
+	            --stringparam "man.output.base.dir" "" \
+	            --param "man.output.in.separate.dir" "1" \
+	            -nonet http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/manpages/profile-docbook.xsl $<
+
+clean-local:
+	rm -rf man1 man3 man5 man8
+
+else
+$(man_MANS):
+	@echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages
+endif
+
+man8/grpconv.8 man8/grpunconv.8 man8/pwunconv.8: man8/pwconv.8
+
+man3/getspnam.3: man3/shadow.3
+
+man8/vigr.8: man8/vipw.8
diff --git a/man/generate_translations.mak b/man/generate_translations.mak
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb9ac41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/generate_translations.mak
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+LANG=$(notdir $(CURDIR))
+
+if ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN
+config.xml: ../config.xml.in
+	$(MAKE) -C .. config.xml
+	cp ../config.xml $@
+
+messages.mo: ../po/$(LANG).po
+	msgfmt ../po/$(LANG).po -o messages.mo
+
+login.defs.d:
+	ln -sf ../login.defs.d login.defs.d
+
+%.xml: ../%.xml messages.mo login.defs.d
+	if grep -q SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE $< ; then \
+	    sed -e 's/^<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->/<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;/' $< > $@; \
+	else \
+	    sed -e 's/^\(<!DOCTYPE .*docbookx.dtd"\)>/\1 [<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;]>/' $< > $@; \
+	fi
+	itstool -d -l $(LANG) -m messages.mo -o . $@
+	sed -i 's:\(^<refentry .*\)>:\1 lang="$(LANG)">:' $@
+
+include ../generate_mans.mak
+
+else
+$(man_MANS):
+	@echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages
+endif
+
+CLEANFILES = messages.mo login.defs.d $(EXTRA_DIST) $(addsuffix .xml,$(EXTRA_DIST)) config.xml
diff --git a/man/getsubids.1.xml b/man/getsubids.1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fded74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/getsubids.1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Iker Pedrosa
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+
+<refentry id='getsubids.1'>
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Iker</firstname>
+      <surname>Pedrosa</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 2021</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>getsubids</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">User Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>getsubids</refname>
+    <refpurpose>get the subordinate id ranges for a user</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>getsubids</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+        <replaceable>options</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='plain'>
+        <replaceable>USER</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>getsubids</command> command lists the subordinate user ID
+      ranges for a given user. The subordinate group IDs can be listed using
+      the <option>-g</option> option.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>getsubids</command> command are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+          <option>-g</option>
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>
+            List the subordinate group ID ranges.
+          </para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+          <option>-h</option>
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>
+            Display help message and exit.
+          </para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='example'>
+    <title>EXAMPLE</title>
+    <para>
+      For example, to obtain the subordinate UIDs of the testuser:
+    </para>
+    <para>
+<programlisting>
+$ getsubids testuser
+0: testuser 100000 65536
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      This command output provides (in order from left to right) the list
+      index, username, UID range start, and number of UIDs in range.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+        <refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+        <refentrytitle>newgidmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+        <refentrytitle>newuidmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+        <refentrytitle>subgid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+        <refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+        <refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+        <refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+      <citerefentry>
+        <refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/gpasswd.1.xml b/man/gpasswd.1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0d9c0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/gpasswd.1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1996       , Rafal Maszkowski
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY ENCRYPT_METHOD        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENCRYPT_METHOD.xml">
+<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
+<!ENTITY MD5_CRYPT_ENAB        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS  SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+
+<refentry id='gpasswd.1'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Rafal</firstname>
+      <surname>Maszkowski</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1996</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">User Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>gpasswd</refname>
+    <refpurpose>
+      <phrase condition="no_gshadow">
+	administer <filename>/etc/group</filename>
+      </phrase>
+      <phrase condition="gshadow">
+	administer <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
+	<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>
+      </phrase>
+    </refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+  <!-- body begins here -->
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>gpasswd</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<replaceable>option</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='plain'>
+	<replaceable>group</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>gpasswd</command> command is used to administer
+      <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase condition="gshadow">,
+      and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase>.
+      Every group can have
+      <phrase condition="gshadow">administrators,</phrase>
+      members and a password.
+    </para>
+    <para condition="gshadow">
+      System administrators can use the <option>-A</option> option to define
+      group administrator(s) and the <option>-M</option> option to define
+      members. They have all rights of group administrators and members.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      <command>gpasswd</command> called by
+      <phrase condition="gshadow">a group administrator</phrase>
+      <phrase condition="no_gshadow">a system administrator</phrase>
+      with a group name only prompts for the new password of the
+      <replaceable>group</replaceable>.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      If a password is set the members can still use <citerefentry>
+      <refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry> without a password, and non-members must supply the
+      password.
+    </para>
+
+    <refsect2 id='notes_about_group_passwords'>
+      <title>Notes about group passwords</title>
+      <para>
+	Group passwords are an inherent security problem since more than one
+	person is permitted to know the password. However, groups are a
+	useful tool for permitting co-operation between different users.
+      </para>
+    </refsect2>
+
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para condition="gshadow">
+      Except for the <option>-A</option> and <option>-M</option> options,
+      the options cannot be combined.
+    </para>
+    <para condition="no_gshadow">
+      The options cannot be combined.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>gpasswd</command> command are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Add the <replaceable>user</replaceable> to the named
+	    <replaceable>group</replaceable>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Remove the <replaceable>user</replaceable> from the named
+	    <replaceable>group</replaceable>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-Q</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-r</option>, <option>--remove-password</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Remove the password from the named <replaceable>group</replaceable>.
+	    The group password will be empty.
+	    Only group members will be allowed to use
+	    <command>newgrp</command> to join the named
+	    <replaceable>group</replaceable>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--restrict</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Restrict the access to the named <replaceable>group</replaceable>.
+	    The group password is set to "!".
+	    Only group members with a password will be allowed to use
+	    <command>newgrp</command> to join the named
+	    <replaceable>group</replaceable>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+    <variablelist remap='IP' condition="gshadow">
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-A</option>, <option>--administrators</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</replaceable>,...
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Set the list of administrative users.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-M</option>, <option>--members</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</replaceable>,...
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Set the list of group members.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='caveats'>
+    <title>CAVEATS</title>
+    <para>
+      This tool only operates on the <filename>/etc/group</filename>
+      <phrase condition="gshadow"> and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>
+      files.</phrase>
+      <phrase condition="no_gshadow">file.</phrase>
+      Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed
+      on the corresponding server.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &ENCRYPT_METHOD;
+      &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
+      &MD5_CRYPT_ENAB;
+      &SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS; <!--This also document SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS-->
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="gshadow">
+	<term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry><phrase condition="gshadow">,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry></phrase>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/groupadd.8.xml b/man/groupadd.8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61a548f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/groupadd.8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991       , Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY GID_MAX               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/GID_MAX.xml">
+<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
+<!ENTITY SYS_GID_MAX           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYS_GID_MAX.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='groupadd.8'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>groupadd</refname>
+    <refpurpose>create a new group</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+  <!-- body begins here -->
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>groupadd</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<replaceable>OPTIONS</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='plain'>
+	<replaceable>NEWGROUP</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>The <command>groupadd</command> command creates a new group
+      account using the values specified on the command line plus the default
+      values from the system. The new group will be entered into the system
+      files as needed.
+    </para>
+     <para>
+       Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits,
+       underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign.
+
+       Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the groupname.
+       Fully numeric groupnames and groupnames . or .. are
+       also disallowed.
+     </para>
+     <para>
+       Groupnames may only be up to &GROUP_NAME_MAX_LENGTH; characters long.
+     </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>groupadd</command> command
+      are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    This option causes the command to simply exit with success
+	    status if the specified group already exists. When used with
+	    <option>-g</option>, and the specified GID already exists,
+	    another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. <option>-g</option> is
+	    turned off).
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>The numerical value of the group's ID. <replaceable>GID</replaceable> 
+	    must be unique, unless the <option>-o</option> option is used. The value
+	    must be non-negative. The default is to use the smallest ID
+	    value greater than or equal to <option>GID_MIN</option> and
+	    greater than every other group.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    See also the <option>-r</option> option and the
+	    <option>GID_MAX</option> description.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults 
+	    (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others). Multiple
+	    <option>-K</option> options can be specified.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	     Example: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;
+	    <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Note: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>
+	    doesn't work yet.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    permits the creation of a group with an already used
+	    numerical ID. As a result, for this
+	    <replaceable>GID</replaceable>, the mapping towards group
+	    <replaceable>NEWGROUP</replaceable> may not be unique.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PASSWORD</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    defines an initial password for the group account. PASSWORD is expected to
+            be encrypted, as returned by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt
+            </refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. 
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+            Without this option, the group account will be locked and
+            with no password defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark
+            in the respective field of ths system account file 
+            <filename>/etc/group</filename> or <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>.
+          </para>
+	  <para>
+	    <emphasis role="bold">Note:</emphasis> This option is not
+	    recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will
+	    be visible by users listing the processes.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    You should make sure the password respects the system's
+	    password policy.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-r</option>, <option>--system</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Create a system group.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in
+	    the <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option>
+	    range, defined in <filename>login.defs</filename>, instead of
+	    <option>GID_MIN</option>-<option>GID_MAX</option>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-P</option>, <option>--prefix</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem
+	    found under the directory <replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable>.
+	    This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation
+	    target.  Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are
+	    not verified.  PAM authentication is using the host files.
+	    No SELINUX support.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-U</option>, <option>--users</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    A list of usernames to add as members of the group.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The default behavior (if the <option>-g</option>,
+	    <option>-N</option>, and <option>-U</option> options are not
+	    specified) is defined by the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option>
+	    variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &GID_MAX; <!-- documents also GID_MIN -->
+      &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
+      &SYS_GID_MAX; <!-- documents also SYS_GID_MIN -->
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="gshadow">
+	<term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+   <refsect1 id='caveats'>
+     <title>CAVEATS</title>
+     <para>
+       You may not add a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the
+       corresponding server.
+     </para>
+     <para>
+       If the groupname already exists in an external group database such
+       as NIS or LDAP, <command>groupadd</command> will deny the group
+       creation request.
+     </para>
+   </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='exit_values'>
+    <title>EXIT VALUES</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>groupadd</command> command exits with the following values:
+      <variablelist>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>0</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>success</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>2</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>invalid command syntax</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>3</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>invalid argument to option</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>4</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>GID is already used (when called without <option>-o</option>)</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>9</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>group name is already used</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>10</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>can't update group file</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para><citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/groupdel.8.xml b/man/groupdel.8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d41b88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/groupdel.8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='groupdel.8'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>groupdel</refname>
+    <refpurpose>delete a group</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+  <!-- body begins here -->
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>groupdel</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+        <replaceable>options</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='plain'><replaceable>GROUP</replaceable></arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para> The <command>groupdel</command> command modifies the system
+      account files, deleting all entries that refer to
+      <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable>. The named group must exist.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>groupdel</command> command
+      are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+      This option forces the removal of the group, even if there's some user
+      having the group as the primary one.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-P</option>, <option>--prefix</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+		This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing 
+		a cross-compilation target.
+		Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified.
+		PAM authentication is using the host files.
+		No SELINUX support.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='caveats'>
+    <title>CAVEATS</title>
+    <para>
+      You may not remove the primary group of any existing user. You
+      must remove the user before you remove the group.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files
+      remain owned by this group.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="gshadow">
+	<term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='exit_values'>
+    <title>EXIT VALUES</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>groupdel</command> command exits with the following values:
+      <variablelist>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>0</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>success</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>2</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>invalid command syntax</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>6</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>specified group doesn't exist</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>8</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>can't remove user's primary group</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>10</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>can't update group file</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/groupmems.8.xml b/man/groupmems.8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d06c8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/groupmems.8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2000       , International Business Machines
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2000       , George Kraft IV, gk4@us.ibm.com, 03/23/2000
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2005       , Tomasz Kłoczko
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='groupmems.8'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>George</firstname>
+      <surname>Kraft</surname>
+      <lineage>IV</lineage>
+      <contrib>Creation, 2000</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>groupmems</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>groupmems</refname>
+    <refpurpose>administer members of a user's primary group</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>groupmems</command>
+      <group choice='plain'>
+	<arg choice='plain'>-a <replaceable>user_name</replaceable></arg>
+	<arg choice='plain'>-d <replaceable>user_name</replaceable></arg>
+	<arg choice='opt'>-g <replaceable>group_name</replaceable></arg>
+	<arg choice='plain'>-l </arg><arg choice='plain'>-p </arg>
+      </group>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>groupmems</command> command allows a user to administer
+      their own group membership list without the requirement of
+      superuser privileges. The <command>groupmems</command> utility is for
+      systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary
+      group (i.e., guest / guest).
+    </para>
+
+    <para>Only the superuser, as administrator, can use
+      <command>groupmems</command> to alter the memberships of other groups.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>groupmems</command> command
+      are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user_name</replaceable></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Add a user to the group membership list.</para>
+	  <para condition="gshadow">
+	    If the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file exist, and the
+	    group has no entry in the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>
+	    file, a new entry will be created.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user_name</replaceable></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Delete a user from the group membership list.</para>
+	  <para condition="gshadow">
+	    If the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file exist, the user
+	    will be removed from the list of members and administrators of
+	    the group.
+	  </para>
+	  <para condition="gshadow">
+	    If the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file exist, and the
+	    group has no entry in the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>
+	    file, a new entry will be created.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>group_name</replaceable></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>The superuser can specify which group membership
+	    list to modify.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>List the group membership list.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-p</option>, <option>--purge</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Purge all users from the group membership list.</para>
+	  <para condition="gshadow">
+	    If the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file exist, and the
+	    group has no entry in the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>
+	    file, a new entry will be created.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='setup'>
+    <title>SETUP</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>groupmems</command> executable should be in mode
+      <literal>2710</literal> as user <emphasis>root</emphasis> and in group
+      <emphasis>groups</emphasis>. The system administrator can add users to
+      group <emphasis>groups</emphasis> to allow or disallow them using the
+      <command>groupmems</command> utility to manage their own group
+      membership list.
+    </para>
+
+    <programlisting>
+	$ groupadd -r groups
+	$ chmod 2710 groupmems
+	$ chown root.groups groupmems
+	$ groupmems -g groups -a gk4
+    </programlisting>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="gshadow">
+	<term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>secure group account information</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/groupmod.8.xml b/man/groupmod.8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49ff7c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/groupmod.8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991       , Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='groupmod.8'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>groupmod</refname>
+    <refpurpose>modify a group definition on the system</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+  <!-- body begins here -->
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>groupmod</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+        <replaceable>options</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='plain'><replaceable>GROUP</replaceable></arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>groupmod</command> command modifies the definition of the
+      specified <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable> by modifying the appropriate
+      entry in the group database.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>groupmod</command> command
+      are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+      <para>If group members are specified with -U, append them to the existing
+            member list, rather than replacing it.</para>
+    </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    The group ID of the given <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable> will
+	    be changed to <replaceable>GID</replaceable>.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The value of
+	    <replaceable>GID</replaceable> must be a non-negative decimal
+	    integer. This value must be unique, unless the
+	    <option>-o</option> option is used.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to
+	    keep the group as their primary group.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Any files that have the
+	    old group ID and must continue to belong to
+	    <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable>, must have their group ID
+	    changed manually.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    No checks will be performed with regard to the
+	    <option>GID_MIN</option>, <option>GID_MAX</option>,
+	    <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option>, or <option>SYS_GID_MAX</option>
+	    from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-n</option>, <option>--new-name</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>NEW_GROUP</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para> 
+	    The name of the group will be changed from <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable>
+	    to <replaceable>NEW_GROUP</replaceable> name.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    When used with the <option>-g</option> option, allow to change the
+	    group <replaceable>GID</replaceable> to a non-unique value.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PASSWORD</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    The encrypted password, as returned by <citerefentry>
+	    <refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+	    </citerefentry>.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    <emphasis role="bold">Note:</emphasis> This option is not
+	    recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will
+	    be visible by users listing the processes.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    You should make sure the password respects the system's
+	    password policy.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-P</option>, <option>--prefix</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+		This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing 
+		a cross-compilation target.
+		Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified.
+		PAM authentication is using the host files.
+		No SELINUX support.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-U</option>, <option>--users</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    A list of usernames to add as members of the group.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The default behavior (if the <option>-g</option>,
+	    <option>-N</option>, and <option>-U</option> options are not
+	    specified) is defined by the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option>
+	    variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="gshadow">
+	<term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='exit_values'>
+    <title>EXIT VALUES</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>groupmod</command> command exits with the following values:
+      <variablelist>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>0</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>E_SUCCESS: success</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>2</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>E_USAGE: invalid command syntax</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>3</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>4</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>6</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn't exist</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>9</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>10</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>E_GRP_UPDATE: can't update group file</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>11</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can't setup cleanup service</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>12</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>E_PAM_USERNAME: can't determine your username for use with pam</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>13</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/groups.1.xml b/man/groups.1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcbedba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/groups.1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='groups.1'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>groups</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">User Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>groups</refname>
+    <refpurpose>display current group names</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>groups</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<replaceable>user</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>groups</command> command displays the current group names
+      or ID values. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+      <filename>/etc/group</filename>, the value will be displayed as the
+      numerical group value. The optional <replaceable>user</replaceable>
+      parameter will display the groups for the named user.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='note'>
+    <title>NOTE</title>
+    <para>
+      Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>initgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>) will have the
+      information from <filename>/etc/group</filename> reported. The user
+      must use <command>newgrp</command> or <command>sg</command> to change
+      his current real and effective group ID.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>getgid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>getgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>getuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>initgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/grpck.8.xml b/man/grpck.8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31aa6ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/grpck.8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1992 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='grpck.8'>
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1992</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>grpck</refname>
+    <refpurpose>verify integrity of group files</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>grpck</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>options</arg>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<arg choice='plain'><replaceable>group</replaceable></arg>
+	<arg choice='opt' condition="gshadow">
+	  <arg choice='plain'><replaceable>shadow</replaceable></arg>
+	</arg>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>grpck</command> command verifies the integrity of the
+      groups information. It checks that all entries in
+      <filename>/etc/group</filename> <phrase condition="gshadow">and
+      <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase>
+      have the proper format and contain valid data.
+      The user is prompted to delete entries that are
+      improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>Checks are made to verify that each entry has:</para>
+
+    <itemizedlist mark='bullet'>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>the correct number of fields</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>a unique and valid group name</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>
+	  a valid group identifier
+	  <phrase condition="gshadow"> (<filename>/etc/group</filename>
+	  only)</phrase>
+	</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>
+	  a valid list of members
+	  <phrase condition="gshadow"> and administrators</phrase>
+	</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem condition="gshadow">
+	<para>
+	  a corresponding entry in the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>
+	  file (respectively <filename>/etc/group</filename> for the
+	  <filename>gshadow</filename> checks)
+	</para>
+      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+
+    <para>
+      The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are
+      fatal. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be
+      prompted to delete the entire line. If the user does not answer
+      affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed. An entry with a
+      duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining
+      checks will still be made. All other errors are warnings and the user
+      is encouraged to run the <command>groupmod</command> command to
+      correct the error.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      The commands which operate on the <filename>/etc/group</filename>
+      <phrase condition="no_gshadow">file</phrase><phrase
+      condition="gshadow">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files</phrase>
+      are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. 
+      <command>grpck</command> should be used in those circumstances to
+      remove the offending entries.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The <option>-r</option> and <option>-s</option> options cannot be
+      combined.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>grpck</command> command are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-r</option>, <option>--read-only</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Execute the <command>grpck</command> command in read-only mode.
+	    This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered
+	    <emphasis>no</emphasis> without user intervention.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-s</option>, <option>--sort</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Sort entries in <filename>/etc/group</filename>
+	    <phrase condition="gshadow">and
+	    <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase>
+	    by GID.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>-S</option>, <option>--silence-warnings</option></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>
+            Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about
+            inconsistency between group members listed in
+            <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
+            <filename>/etc/ghadow</filename>.
+          </para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+    <para>
+      By default, <command>grpck</command> operates on
+      <filename>/etc/group</filename> <phrase condition="gshadow">and
+      <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase>.
+      The user may select alternate files with the <emphasis
+      remap='I'>group</emphasis>
+      <phrase condition="no_gshadow">parameter.</phrase>
+      <phrase condition="gshadow">and <emphasis remap='I'>shadow</emphasis>
+      parameters.</phrase>
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="gshadow">
+	<term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='exit_values'>
+    <title>EXIT VALUES</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>grpck</command> command exits with the following values:
+      <variablelist>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>0</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>success</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>1</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>invalid command syntax</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>2</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>one or more bad group entries</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>3</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>can't open group files</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>4</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>can't lock group files</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>5</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>can't update group files</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <phrase condition="gshadow">
+	<citerefentry>
+	  <refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>,
+	</citerefentry>,
+      </phrase>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/gshadow.5.xml b/man/gshadow.5.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b7d560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/gshadow.5.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2005 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='gshadow.5'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>Creation, 2005</contrib>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">File Formats and Configuration Files</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>gshadow</refname>
+    <refpurpose>shadowed group file</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> contains the shadowed information
+      for group accounts.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      This file must not be readable by regular users if password security
+      is to be maintained.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      Each line of this file contains the following colon-separated
+      fields:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><emphasis role="bold">group name</emphasis></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    It must be a valid group name, which exist on the system.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><emphasis role="bold">encrypted password</emphasis></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle>
+	    <manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details on how
+	    this string is interpreted.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If the password field contains some string that is not a valid
+	    result of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle>
+	    <manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, for instance ! or *,
+	    users will not be able to use a unix password to access the
+	    group (but group members do not need the password).
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The password is used when a user who is not a member of the
+	    group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see
+	    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle>
+	    <manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    This field may be empty, in which case only the group members
+	    can gain the group permissions.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means
+	    that the password is locked.  The remaining characters on the
+	    line represent the password field before the password was
+	    locked.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    This password supersedes any password specified in
+	    <filename>/etc/group</filename>.
+	  </para>
+
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><emphasis role="bold">administrators</emphasis></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    It must be a comma-separated list of user names.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Administrators can change the password or the members of the
+	    group.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Administrators also have the same permissions as the members
+	    (see below).
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><emphasis role="bold">members</emphasis></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    It must be a comma-separated list of user names.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Members can access the group without being prompted for a
+	    password.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    You should use the same list of users as in
+	    <filename>/etc/group</filename>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>grpconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/hu/Makefile.am b/man/hu/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e659aef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/hu/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+
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+
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+	man1/chsh.1 \
+	man1/gpasswd.1 \
+	man1/groups.1 \
+	man8/lastlog.8 \
+	man1/login.1 \
+	man1/newgrp.1 \
+	man1/passwd.1 \
+	man5/passwd.5 \
+	man1/sg.1 \
+	man1/su.1
+
+EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS)
+ 
diff --git a/man/hu/Makefile.in b/man/hu/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6785ad3
--- /dev/null
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+	@list1=''; \
+	list2='$(man_MANS)'; \
+	test -n "$(man8dir)" \
+	  && test -n "`echo $$list1$$list2`" \
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+	echo " $(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)'"; \
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+	fi; \
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+	done | \
+	sed -e 'n;s,.*/,,;p;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^8][0-9a-z]*$$,8,;x' \
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+	list=; while read file base inst; do \
+	  if test "$$base" = "$$inst"; then list="$$list $$file"; else \
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+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) "$$file" "$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)/$$inst" || exit $$?; \
+	  fi; \
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+	for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done | $(am__base_list) | \
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+	  test -z "$$files" || { \
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+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files "$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)" || exit $$?; }; \
+	done; }
+
+uninstall-man8:
+	@$(NORMAL_UNINSTALL)
+	@list=''; test -n "$(man8dir)" || exit 0; \
+	files=`{ for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done; \
+	l2='$(man_MANS)'; for i in $$l2; do echo "$$i"; done | \
+	  sed -n '/\.8[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	} | sed -e 's,.*/,,;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^8][0-9a-z]*$$,8,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,'`; \
+	dir='$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)'; $(am__uninstall_files_from_dir)
+tags TAGS:
+
+ctags CTAGS:
+
+cscope cscopelist:
+
+distdir: $(BUILT_SOURCES)
+	$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) distdir-am
+
+distdir-am: $(DISTFILES)
+	@srcdirstrip=`echo "$(srcdir)" | sed 's/[].[^$$\\*]/\\\\&/g'`; \
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+	list='$(DISTFILES)'; \
+	  dist_files=`for file in $$list; do echo $$file; done | \
+	  sed -e "s|^$$srcdirstrip/||;t" \
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+	case $$dist_files in \
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+	esac; \
+	for file in $$dist_files; do \
+	  if test -f $$file || test -d $$file; then d=.; else d=$(srcdir); fi; \
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+	    cp -fpR $$d/$$file "$(distdir)$$dir" || exit 1; \
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+	    test -f "$(distdir)/$$file" \
+	    || cp -p $$d/$$file "$(distdir)/$$file" \
+	    || exit 1; \
+	  fi; \
+	done
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+	  $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \
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+	fi
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+.PRECIOUS: Makefile
+
+
+# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
+# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
+.NOEXPORT:
diff --git a/man/hu/man1/chsh.1 b/man/hu/man1/chsh.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96a2c13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/hu/man1/chsh.1
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1990, John F. Haugh II
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\"	$Id$
+.\"
+.TH CHSH 1
+.SH NÉV
+chsh \- bejelentkezési parancsértelmező (héj) állítása
+.SH ÁTTEKINTÉS
+.TP 5
+\fBchsh\fR
+[\fB\-s\fR \fIhéjprogram\fR] [\fIfelhasználó\fR]
+.SH LEÍRÁS
+A \fBchsh\fR parancs a felhasználó bejelentkezési parancsértelmezőjét változtatja meg.
+Normál felhasználó csak a saját parancsértelmezőjét állíthatja, a 
+rendszergazda bárkiét.
+.PP
+A héjprogrammal (shell) szemben támasztott követelmény, hogy szerepeljen
+a \fI/etc/shells\fR fájlban, kivéve ha a rendszergazdáé mert
+neki minden beállítás elfogadott.
+Korlátozott parancsértelmezőt nem lehet másikra átállítani.
+Ezért nem tanácsos a \fB/bin/rsh\fR\-nak a \fI/etc/shells\fR\-ben
+való felsorolása, mert ha a felhasználó átvált erre a héj\-ra
+nem válthat másikra.
+.PP
+A \fB\-s\fR opció nélkül a \fBchsh\fR interaktív módon
+működik. Be kell írni az új értéket, vagy üresen hagyni a sort, hogy
+az éppen aktuális beállítás maradjon, ami \fB[ ]\fR jelek között látható.
+.SH FÁJLOK
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- felhaszálói nyilvántartás
+.br
+\fI/etc/shells\fR \- engedélyezett parancsértelmezők listája
+.SH LÁSD MÉG
+.BR chfn (1),
+.BR passwd (5)
+.SH MAGYAR FORDÍTÁS
+Székely Krisztián <szekelyk@edasz.hu>
diff --git a/man/hu/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/hu/man1/gpasswd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b62cf1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/hu/man1/gpasswd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+.\" Copyright 1996, Rafal Maszkowski, rzm@pdi.net
+.\" All rights reserved. You can redistribute this man page and/or
+.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
+.\" License, or (at your option) any later version.
+.\"
+.\"	$Id$
+.\"
+.TH GPASSWD 1
+.SH NÉV
+gpasswd \- az /etc/group fájlt adminisztrálja
+.br
+.SH ÁTTEKINTÉS
+.B gpasswd \fIcsoport\fR
+.br
+.B gpasswd
+.B \-a
+\fIfelhasználó\fR \fIcsoport\fR
+.br
+.B gpasswd
+.B \-d
+\fIfelhasználó\fR \fIcsoport\fR
+.br
+.B gpasswd
+.B \-R
+\fIcsoport\fR
+.br
+.B gpasswd
+.B \-r
+\fIcsoport\fR
+.br
+.B gpasswd
+.RB [ \-A
+\fIfelhasználó\fR,...]
+.RB [ \-M
+\fIfelhasználó\fR,...]
+\fIcsoport\fR
+.br
+.SH LEÍRÁS
+A
+.B gpasswd
+program segítségével adminisztrálhatjuk az /etc/group fájlt
+illetve az /etc/gshadow fájlt amennyiben a SHADOWGPR definiálva
+volt a fordítás alatt. Minden csoportban lehetnek adminisztrátorok,
+tagok és egy jelszó. A rendszeradminisztrátor a \fB\-A\fR opció
+segítségével definiálhat csoportadminisztrátor(oka)t és a \fB\-M\fR
+opcióval tagokat. A rendszeradminisztátor minden joggal rendelkezik,
+amellyel a csoportadminisztrátor és a csoport tagjai.
+.PP
+A csoportadminisztrátor a \fB\-a\fR kapcsolóval hozhat létre
+felhasználókat, és a \fB\-d\fR opcióval törölheti őket. Az 
+adminisztrátorok a \fB\-r\fR opcióval törölhetik a csoport
+jelszavát. Ha nincs jelszó beállítva, akkor csak a csoport
+tagjai használhatják a 
+.BR newgrp (1)
+parancsot a csatlakozáshoz. A \fB\-R\fR opció
+meggátolja a csoport elérését a 
+.BR newgrp (1)
+parancson keresztül.
+.PP
+Ha
+.B gpasswd
+parancsot a csoportadminisztrátor adja ki a csoport nevével,
+akkor csak a jelszót kell beírnia. Ha van jelszó, akkor a tagok
+be tudnak lépni a 
+.BR newgrp (1)
+paranccsal jelszó nélkül is, csak a csoporton kívüli felhasználóknak
+kell megadniuk a jelszót.
+
+.SH FÁJLOK
+\fI/etc/group\fR \- információ a csoportról
+.br
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- információ a shadow csoportról
+.SH LÁSD MÉG
+.BR newgrp (1),
+.BR groupadd (8),
+.BR groupdel (8),
+.BR groupmod (8),
+.BR grpck (8)
+.SH MAGYAR FORDÍTÁS
+Tímár András <timar_a@freemail.hu>
diff --git a/man/hu/man1/groups.1 b/man/hu/man1/groups.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c09a8bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/hu/man1/groups.1
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 \- 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\"	$Id$
+.\"
+.TH GROUPS 1
+.SH NÉV
+groups \- kiírja a jelenlegi csoportazonosító neveket
+.SH ÁTTEKINTÉS
+.B groups
+.RI [ felhasználó ]
+.SH LEÍRÁS
+A
+.B groups
+parancs kiírja a jelenlegi csoportazonosító neveket vagy számértékeket. Ha
+nincs az értéknek megfelelő bejegyzés a \fI/etc/group\fR fájlban, akkor a
+csoport azonosító számát írja ki. Az opcionális \fIfelhasználó\fR paraméter
+esetén azokat a csoportokat írja ki, amelyekbe a megadott \fIfelhasználó\fR
+tartozik.
+.SH MEGJEGYZÉS
+Azok a rendszerek, amelyek nem támogatják a konkurrens csoportbeállításokat,
+a kiírt információkat a \fI/etc/group\fR fájlból gyűjtik. A felhasználónak
+muszáj a \fBnewgrp\fR vagy a \fBsg\fR parancsot használniuk, hogy
+megváltoztassák a jelenlegi valódi és effektív csoportazonosítójukat.
+.SH FÁJLOK
+\fI/etc/group\fR \- információ a csoportokról
+.SH LÁSD MÉG
+.BR newgrp (1),
+.BR getgid (2),
+.BR getgroups (2),
+.BR getuid (2)
+.SH AUTHOR
+Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)
+.SH MAGYAR FORDÍTÁS
+ifj. Dyekiss Emil <emil2@cds.hu>
diff --git a/man/hu/man1/login.1 b/man/hu/man1/login.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f38ff1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/hu/man1/login.1
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 \- 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\"	$Id$
+.\"
+.TH LOGIN 1
+.SH NÉV
+login \- Új kapcsolat felvétele a rendszerrel (bejelentkezés)
+.SH ÁTTEKINTÉS
+.B login
+.RI [ felhasználónév " [" környezeti változók ]]
+.SH LEÍRÁS
+A
+.B login 
+programot a rendszerbe való belépésre használjuk. Általában nem 
+közvetlenül használjuk, hanem automatikusan meghívásra kerül, amikor a
+.I login:
+promptra válaszként beírjuk a felhasználónevünket.
+A
+.B login
+a shell szempontjából különleges kezelésű lehet és előfordulhat, hogy 
+nem hívható meg alfolyamatként. Tipikus példa erre, amikor a 
+.B login
+parancsot a shell \fBexec login\fR \-ként értelmezi, tehát az új 
+bejelentkezés előtt az aktuálisból való kilépésre készteti a 
+felhasználót. 
+Ha nem login shellből próbáljuk meg a \fBlogin\fR parancsot végrehajtani, 
+hibaüzenetet kapunk.
+.PP
+Ezután a jelszavunkat kell megadnunk. A beírt karakterek nem jelennek meg 
+a képernyőn, megelőzvén a 'leskelődést'. Ha többször hibás jelszót adunk 
+meg, a \fBlogin\fR kilép, és a kapcsolat megszakad.
+.PP
+Ha a jelszavunk érvényességi ideje korlátozott, a rendszer továbblépés 
+előtt felszólíthat a jelszó megváltoztatására. Ez azt jelenti, hogy a 
+jelszavunk lejárt, nem érvényes, vagy hamarosan le fog járni. A régi 
+jelszavunkat is esetleg meg kell adni ellenőrzésképpen, majd az általunk 
+választott új jelszót. A témában lásd: \fBpasswd \fR(1)
+.PP
+Sikeres bejelentkezés után néhány rendszerüzenetet kapunk, és a postaládánk 
+állapotáról némi visszajelszést. A rendszerüzenetfájl (\fI/etc/motd\fR) 
+kiíratását letilthatjuk egy 0 byte hosszúságú \fI.hushlogin\fR file 
+létrehozásával a login könyvtárunkban. A posta állapotától függően a 
+következő üzenetek valamelyikét kapjuk: "\fBYou have new mail.\fR" (Új 
+levél van), "\fBYou have mail.\fR" (Levél van), vagy "\fBNo Mail.\fR" 
+(Nincs levél).
+.PP
+A felhasználói\- (UID) és a csoportazonosítónk (GID) beállításra kerül az 
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR alapján. A \fB$HOME\fR, \fB$SHELL\fR,
+\fB$PATH\fR, \fB$LOGNAME\fR és a \fB$MAIL\fR környezeti változók 
+beállításra kerülnek a passwd adatbázis megfelelő mezői alapján.
+Az ulimit, umask és a nice is értéket kaphat a GECOS mező tartalma 
+alapján.
+.PP
+Néhány rendszeren a \fB$TERM\fR változó is értéket kap, miként az a 
+\fI/etc/ttytype\fR\-ban meg van írva.
+.PP
+Végrehajtódhat a parancsértelmezőnk inicializációs scriptje is. Ez ügyben 
+lásd a megfelelő kézikönyv\-oldalt.
+.SH FIGYELMEZTETÉSEK
+.PP
+A \fBlogin\fR ezen verziója sok fordítási opcióval rendelkezik, bár csak 
+néhány közülük az, ami használatban lehet egyes speciális gépeken.
+
+.PP
+A fájlok elhelyezkedése a rendszerkonfigurációk különbözőségéből adódóan 
+változhat.
+.SH FÁJLOK
+\fI/var/run/utmp\fR \- az aktuális bejelentkezések listája
+.br
+\fI/var/log/wtmp\fR \- az előző (eddigi) bejelentkezések listája
+.br
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- felhasználói account\-okra vonatkozó információk
+.br
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- titkosított jelszavak és érvényességi idő\-információk
+.br
+\fI/etc/motd\fR \- rendszerüzenet file
+.br
+\fI/etc/nologin\fR \- nem\-root felhasználók belépésének tiltása
+.br
+\fI/etc/ttytype\fR \- termináltípusok listája
+.br
+.br
+\fI$HOME/.hushlogin\fR \- korlátozza a rendszerüzenetek megjelenítését
+.br
+.SH LÁSD MÉG
+.PP
+.BR getty (8),
+.BR mail (1),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR sh (1),
+.BR su (1),
+.\" .BR d_passwd (5),
+.BR passwd (5),
+.BR nologin (5)
+.SH SZERZŐ
+Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@bga.com)
+.SH MAGYAR FORDÍTÁS
+Niedermayer Miklós <mico@musician.org>
diff --git a/man/hu/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/hu/man1/newgrp.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2ce878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/hu/man1/newgrp.1
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Hungarian translation by Peter Mamuzsics <zumu@mentha.hu>
+.\"
+.\"	$Id$
+.\"
+.TH NEWGRP 1
+.SH NÉV
+newgrp \- Csoportazonosító módosítása
+.br
+sg \- Parancs végrehajtása más csoportazonoító alatt
+.SH ÁTTEKINTÉS
+.BR newgrp " [" \- ]
+[\fIgroup\fR]
+.br
+.BR sg " [" \- ]
+[\fIgroup\fR [\fB\-c\fR \fIcommand\fR]]
+.SH LEÍRÁS
+A
+.B newgrp
+parancs a jelenlegi bejelentkezéshez tartozó csoportazonosító
+módosítására használható.  Ha a parancsot az elhagyható \fB\-\fR
+kapcsolóval hívtuk meg, akkor a rendszer úgy inicializálja újra
+a felhasználói környezetet, ahogy az a bejelelentkezés során 
+megtörténik, ellenkező esetben a jelenlegi környezet \- beleértve
+az aktuális munkakönyvtárat is \- változatlan marad.
+.PP
+A
+.B newgrp
+parancs lecseréli az aktuális csoportazonosítót a megnevezett
+vagy \- ha nincs megadva \- az \fI/etc/passwd\fR fájlban megadott
+alapértelmezett csoportra.  Ha a felhasználó nem rendelkezik jelszóval,
+de a csoport igen, vagy a felhasználó nem tagja a csoportnak,
+de a csoport rendelkezik jelszóval, akkor a rendszer bekéri a csoport
+jelszavát.
+Amennyiben a csoportnak nincs jelszava, és a felhasználó nem tagja a 
+csoportnak, akkor a hozzáférés nem lehetséges.
+.PP
+Az
+.B sg
+parancs működése hasonló a \fBnewgrp\fR parancs működéséhez,
+de ez nem cseréli le a felhasználó parancsértelmezőjét, így
+amikor kilépünk az \fBsg\fR parancsból, visszakapjuk az 
+eredeti csoportazonosítót.
+Az
+.B sg
+parancsnak egy másik, aposztrófok közé zárt parancsot is meg lehet
+adni, amely a \fB/bin/sh\fR parancsértelmezővel kerül végrehajtásra.
+.SH HIBÁK
+A \fBnewgrp\fR többféle fordítási beállítással rendelkezik,
+amelyeknek egy adott felhasználási környezetben csak egy részére
+lehet szükség.
+.SH FÁJLOK
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR	\- felhasználói információk
+.br
+\fI/etc/group\fR	\- csoportinfomációk
+.SH LÁSD MÉG
+.BR id (1),
+.BR login (1),
+.BR su (1)
+.SH SZERZŐ
+Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@bga.com)
+.br
+.SH MAGYAR FORDÍTÁS
+Mamuzsics Péter <zumu@mentha.hu>
diff --git a/man/hu/man1/passwd.1 b/man/hu/man1/passwd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..380f6ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/hu/man1/passwd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 \- 1994, John F. Haugh II
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\"	$Id$
+.\"
+.TH PASSWD 1 "" \" \-*\- nroff \-*\-
+.SH NÉV
+passwd \- Felhasználói jelszó megváltoztatása
+.SH ÁTTEKINTÉS
+\fBpasswd\fR [\fB\-f\fR|\fB\-s\fR] [\fInév\fR]
+.br
+\fBpasswd\fR [\fB\-g\fR] [\fB\-r\fR|\fB\-R\fR] \fIcsoport\fR
+.br
+\fBpasswd\fR [\fB\-x\fR \fImax\fR] [\fB\-n\fR \fImin\fR]
+[\fB\-w\fR \fIfigy\fR] [\fB\-i\fR \fIinakt\fR] \fInév\fR
+.br
+\fBpasswd\fR {\fB\-l\fR|\fB\-u\fR|\fB\-d\fR|\fB\-S\fR} \fInév\fR
+.SH LEÍRÁS
+A \fBpasswd\fR a felhasználók és a csoportok megváltoztatását végzi.
+A felhasználók csak a saját jelszavukat változtathatják meg, a rendszergazda
+bárkiét. A csoportok jelszavát az adott csoport adminisztrátora
+változtathatja meg. 
+A \fBpasswd\fR ezen kívül használható a felhasználói adatok, mint pl. az
+igazi név, a login shell, vagy a jelszavak "szavatossági idejének"
+megváltoztatására is.
+.SS Jelszóváltozások
+A felhasználónak először a régi jelszavát kell beírnia, ha már volt neki.
+Ezután ennek a jelszónak a kódolt változatát összehasonlítja a tárolt
+jelszóval. A megfelelő jelszó beírására a felhasználónak csak egy lehetősége
+van.
+A rendszergazda átugorhatja ezt a lépést, így az elfelejtett jelszavak is
+megváltoztathatóak.
+.PP
+Miután a felhasználó beírta a jelszavát, a \fBpasswd\fR megvizsgálja, hogyan
+rendelkezett a rendszergazda a jelszavak "szavatossági idejéről". Amennyiben
+az idő nem alkalmas a jelszó megváltoztatására, \fBpasswd\fR kilép minden
+változtatás nélkül.
+.PP
+Ezekután a program bekéri a felhasználótól az új jelszót, majd
+megvizsgálja hogy elég bonyolult\-e.
+Általános szabályként elmondható, hogy a jelszavak jók, ha 6\-8 karakterből
+állnak, és a következő jelkészletekből tartalmaz elemeket:
+.IP "" .5i
+Az ABC kis betűi
+.IP "" .5i
+Az ABC nagy betűi
+.IP "" .5i
+Számok 0 és 9 között 
+.IP "" .5i
+Írásjelek
+.PP
+Fontos odafigyelni, hogy ne tartalmazzon az adott rendszeren használt
+"erase" és "kill" kódű karaktereket.
+A \fBpasswd\fR nem fogad el nem eléggé bonyolult jelszót.
+.PP
+Ha a jelszó elfogadható, 
+a \fBpasswd\fR a biztonság kedvéért még egyszer bekéri az új jelszót, és
+csak akkor hajtja végre a változtatást, ha a két bevitt jelszó megegyezik.
+.SS Csoportok jelszavai
+A \fB\-g\fR kapcsoló használata esetén a megadott nevű csoport jelszava
+változik meg. Ezt csak a rendszergazda vagy a csoport adminisztrátora teheti
+meg.
+A jelenlegi csoportjelszavat nem kéri változtatás előtt.
+Az \fB\-r\fR kapcsolót a \fB\-g\fR kapcsolóval használva lehet a csoport jelszavát kikapcsolni, ezáltal minden tag használhatja a csoportot.
+Az \fB\-R\fR kapcsoló a \fB\-g\fR kapcsolóval használva a csoport minden felhasználó előtt lezárul.
+
+.SS A jelszavak "szavatossági ideje"
+A jelszavak elévülési idejét a rendszergazda a \fB\-x\fR, \fB\-n\fR, \fB\-w\fR, és \fB\-i\fR kapcsolókkal szabályozhatja.
+A \fB\-x\fR kapcsoló a jelszócserék közti maximális időt állítja be. 
+A jelszót legkésőbb \fImax\fR naponként meg kell változtatni.
+Az \fB\-n\fR kapcsoló a két jelszócsere közötti minimális időt szabályozza: a felhasználó addig nem változtathatja meg jelszavát, amíg legalább
+\fImin\fR nap el nem telt az előző változtatás óta.
+A \fB\-w\fR kapcsolóval azt állíthatod be, hogy hány nappal a jelszó lejárta előtt kezdje el a rendszer a felhasználót figyelmeztetni. Az első figyelmeztetés \fIfigy\fR nappal a lejárat előtt jelenik meg, és utána naponta tájékoztatja a felhasználót a még hátralévő napok számáról.
+Az \fB\-i\fR kapcsoló \fIinakt\fR nappal a jelszó lejárta után lezárja a felhasználó belépési lehetőségét.
+
+.SS Jogosultság\-kezelés
+A felhasználók lezárhatóak és újra beengedhetőek a \fB\-l\fR és a \fB\-u\fR kapcsolókkal.
+Az \fB\-l\fR kapcsoló a jelszót kicseréli egy olyan értékre, ami semmilyen lehetséges jelszó kódolt értékével nem egyezik.
+Az \fB\-u\fR kapcsoló visszaállítja a jelszót a régire, és így újra engedélyezi a belépést.
+.PP
+A jogosultságok az \fB\-S\fR kapcsolóval állíthatóak be. Ez 6 részből áll:
+Az első azt jelzi, hogy a felhaszáló le van zárva (L), nincs jelszava (NP), vagy van érvényes jelszava (P).
+A második rész az utolsó jelszóváltoztatás dátuma.
+A következő négy rész a jelszavak minimális és maximális ideje, az első figyelmeztetés a jelszó lejárta előtt és hogy mennyi ideig él a jelszó lejárta után.
+
+.SS Tippek a felhasználói jelszavakhoz
+Egy jelszavas rendszer biztonsága a kódolási algoritmus erősségétől és a lehetséges kulcsok számától függ.
+A \fB\s-2UNIX\s+2\fR rendszerek kódolási módja az NBS DES algoritmuson alapul, és nagyon biztonságos. A lehetséges kulcsok száma a választott jelszó véletlenszerűségén múlik.
+.PP
+A jelszavas rendszerek feltörése legtöbbször a gondatlanul megválasztott jelszóválasztásnak vagy a jelszavak cserélgetésének eredménye.
+Ezen okok miatt célszerű olyan jelszót választanod, ami nem szerepel a szótárban és nem szükséges leírnod. Tipikusan rossz választás még, ha valamilyen nevet, valamilyen azonosítószámodat, születésnapodat, vagy címedet használod jelszóként.
+Ezeket legtöbbször minden más lehetőség vizsgálata előtt kipróbálja a potenciális cracker.
+.PP
+Igyekezz olyan jelszót választani, amit könnyen megjegyzel és így nem vagy
+arra szorulva, hogy le kelljen írnod.
+Ezt például úgy érheted el, hogy két rövidebb szót elválasztasz egy számmal
+vagy valamilyen karakterrel, például jel@szo
+.PP
+A másik módszer, hogy egy könnyen megjegyezhető mondat vagy idézet minden
+szavának első vagy utolsó betűjét írod egymás után.
+Így például a 
+.IP "" .5i
+Morzsa kutyám hegyezd füled
+.PP
+\-ből
+.IP "" .5i
+Maqmhdfd
+.PP
+lesz.
+Feltehetőleg kevés cracker szótárában fog szerepelni ez a szó.
+Ennek ellenére a még nagyobb biztonság kedvéért érdemes valamilyen saját
+módszert kitalálnod jelszavak készítésére.
+
+.SS Megjegyzés a csoportok jelszavairól
+A csoportok jelszavai állandó biztonsági problémát jelenthetnek, mivel
+nemcsak egy ember ismerheti a jelszavat. A csoport\-kezelés azonban
+hasznos abban az esetben, ha több felhasználó együttműködését kell
+megoldani.
+
+.SH FIGYELMEZTETÉS
+Nem biztos, hogy minden kapcsoló felhasználható.
+Az, hogy hogyan vizsgálja a jelszavak bonyolultságát, rendszerről rendszerre
+változhat.
+Minden felhasználónak célszerű a lehető legbonyolultabb, de még használható
+jelszót használnia.
+Ha NIS\-t használ a felhasználók azonosítására a rendszer és a felhasználó nem
+lépett be a NIS kiszolgálóra, nem változtathatja meg jelszavát.
+.SH FÁJLOK
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR	\- felhasználói információk
+.br
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR	\- kódolt felhasználói jelszavak
+.SH LÁSD MÉG
+.BR group (5),
+.BR passwd (5),
+.BR shadow (5)
+.SH MAGYAR FORDÍTÁS
+Érdi "Cactus" Gergő <cactus@freemail.c3.hu>
diff --git a/man/hu/man1/sg.1 b/man/hu/man1/sg.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d07c5e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/hu/man1/sg.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/newgrp.1
diff --git a/man/hu/man1/su.1 b/man/hu/man1/su.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d6e9fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/hu/man1/su.1
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+.\" You may copy, distribute and modify under the terms of the LDP General
+.\" Public License as specified in the LICENSE file that comes with the
+.\" gnumaniak distribution
+.\"
+.\" The author kindly requests that no comments regarding the "better"
+.\" suitability or up\-to\-date notices of any info documentation alternative
+.\" is added without contacting him first.
+.\"
+.\" (C) 1999 Ragnar Hojland Espinosa <ragnar@macula.net>
+.\"
+.\"     GNU su man page
+.\"     man pages are NOT obsolete!
+.\"     <ragnar@macula.net>
+.TH su 1 "18 August 1999" "GNU Shell Utilities 2.0"
+.SH NÉV
+su \- indít egy shellt más felhasználó\- és csoportazonosítóval
+.SH ÁTTEKINTÉS
+.B su
+.BI "[\-] [\-flmp] [\-c " parancs "] [\-s " shell "] [\-\-fast] [\-\-login]"
+.B [\-\-preserve\-environment]
+.BI "[\-\-command=" parancs "] [\-\-shell=" shell "]"
+.BI [ felhasználó " [" argumentum... ]]
+.sp
+.B su [\-\-help] [\-\-version]
+.SH LEÍRÁS
+Az
+.B su
+parancs lehetővé teszi, hogy ideiglenesen más felhasználóvá válhassunk 
+úgy, hogy egy új shell\-t indít a kért 
+.I felhasználó 
+valós és effektív felhasználói azonosítójával, csoportazonosítójával és 
+másodlagos csoportjaival. Ha nem adunk meg 
+.IR felhasználó \-t,
+az alapértelmezett érték a root (super\-user). Az a shell indul el, ami a 
+.I felhasználó 
+passwd bejegyzésében szerepel, ha ott nincs 
+semmi, akkor a /bin/sh. Ha a 
+.IR felhasználó \-nak
+van jelszava, akkor az
+.B su
+meg fogja azt kérdezni, kivéve ha root\-ként (a felhasználói azonosító 0) 
+futtatjuk.
+.PP
+Alapértelmezésben az
+.B su
+nem változtatja meg az aktuális könyvtárat. Átállítja a 
+.B HOME 
+és a
+.B SHELL 
+környezeti változókat a 
+.I felhasználó
+password bejegyzéséből kinézett értékekre, és ha a 
+.I felhasználó
+nem a root (a super\-user) a 
+.BR USER és LOGNAME 
+változókat a 
+.I felhasználó
+nevére állítja. Az alapértelmezés az, hogy az elinduló shell nem lesz 
+bejelentkezési shell.
+.PP
+Ha megadunk 
+.IR argumentum \-ként
+valamit, az is átadódik az induló shellnek.
+.PP
+Az 
+.B su
+se a /bin/sh\-t, se más shell\-eket nem kezel speciálisan.
+(ilyen az argv[0] "\-su"\-ra állítása, vagy a \-c paraméter csak 
+bizonyos shelleknek való átadása, stb.)
+.PP
+Azokon a rendszereken, ahol van
+.RB syslog (3) ,
+az
+.B su
+fordítható úgy is, hogy a sikertelen, vagy opcionálisan a 
+sikeres próbálkozásokat is naplóztassa a sysloggal.
+.SH OPCIÓK
+.TP
+.BI "\-c " parancs ", \-\-command=" parancs
+Csak a 
+.I parancs
+parancsot hajtatja végre a shell\-lel a
+.B \-c
+opció segítségével, így a shell nem interaktívan 
+indul el.
+.TP
+.B "\-f, \-\-fast"
+Beállítja a
+.B \-f
+opciót az induló shellnél. Ennek talán csak a 
+.BR csh (1)
+és a
+.BR tcsh (1),
+shelleknél van értelme ahol
+.B \-f
+opció megakadályozza, hogy a startup fájlt (.cshrc) a shell beolvassa.
+A Bourne\-hoz hasonló shelleknél a
+.B \-f
+opció letiltja a fájlnév minták kiterjesztését (filename pattern 
+expansion), ami általában nem kívánatos dolog. 
+.TP
+.B "\-, \-l, \-\-login"
+A shellt bejelentkezési shellként indítja. Ez a következőket jelenti: 
+törli az összes környezeti változót, kivéve a 
+.BR TERM "\-et, " HOME \-ot, 
+és a 
+.BR SHELL \-t 
+(amiket a fent leírt módon állít át), és a
+.BR USER "\-t és " LOGNAME \-t 
+(amiket szintén a fent leírt módon állít át
+a rootnak), továbbá a 
+.BR PATH \-t, 
+amit a fordításkor meghatározott 
+alapértékre állít. Az aktuális könyvtárat a 
+.I felhasználó
+home\-könyvtárára
+állítja. A shell neve elé egy 
+.B \- \-t 
+szúr be, így eléri azt, hogy
+az beolvassa a startup fájlját illetve fájljait.
+.TP
+.B "\-m, \-p, \-\-preserve\-environment"
+Nem állítja át a 
+.BR HOME ", " USER ", " LOGNAME ", és " SHELL
+környezeti változókat. Azt a shellt indítja, ami a 
+.B SHELL 
+változóban van a passwd fájlban lévő helyett, de csak akkor, ha az
+.B su
+parancsot vagy a superuser futtatja, vagy nem egy korlátozott
+(restricted) shellt akar futtatni. Az a shell korlátozott, ami nem
+szerepel a /etc/shells fájlban, vagy 
+az 
+.B su
+belső listájában, ha ez a fájl nem létezik. Az opció hatásainak egy részét a
+.B \-\-login
+és a
+.B \-\-shell
+opciók hatástalanítják.
+.TP
+.BI "\-s, \-\-shell " shell
+A 
+.IR shell "\-t indítja a " felhasználó 
+/etc/passwd fájlban szereplő
+shellje helyett, ha parancsot vagy a superuser futtatja,
+vagy ha nem korlátozott shellt akar futtatni. (Korlátozott 
+shell\-t lásd fentebb.)
+.TP
+.B "\-\-help"
+Használati útmutatót ír a standard kimenetre, majd sikeres visszatérési értékkel kilép.
+.TP
+.B "\-\-version"
+A program verziójáról ír ki információt a standard kimenetre, majd 
+sikeres visszatérési értékkel kilép.
+.SH Miért nem támogatja a GNU su a wheel csoportot? (Richard Stallman)
+
+Néha a rendszer fölötti teljes ellenőrzést egy néhány emberből 
+álló csoport akarja kézbe venni. Például 1984\-ben pár user a MIT AI
+laborban úgy döntött, hogy átveszik az irányítást a Twenex rendszer
+operátori jelszavának megváltoztatásával, és annak titokban tartásával. 
+(A puccsot sikerült leverni, és a felhasználókat jogaikba visszahelyezni 
+egy kernel patch segítségével, de Unix alatt ezt nem tudtam volna megcsinálni.)
+(A fordító megj.: a wheel csoportot ezzel a módszerrel könnyen
+önkényesen is leszűkíthetik a csoporttagok , így tulajdonképpen nincs sok értelme.)
+.PP
+Néha az uralmon levők elárulják a root jelszót. A szokásos su 
+mechanizmus szerint, ha valaki megtudja a root jelszót, és 
+szimpatizál a többi közönséges felhasználóval, elárulhatja nekik 
+is. A wheel csoport ezt lehetetlenné tenné, és így bebetonozná az 
+uralmon levő hatalmát.
+.PP
+Én a tömegek oldalán állok, nem az uralkodókén. Ha te mindig a 
+főnökök és a rendszergazdák oldalán állsz, bármit is tesznek, akkor 
+valószínűleg furcsálni fogod ezt a hozzáállást.
+.PP
+A fordító megjegyzése: 
+Valami jó azért mégis lenne a wheel csoportban: az, hogy ha a root 
+jelszó kitudódna azzal nem tudna bármelyik felhasználó közvetlenül 
+visszaélni. A wheel csoporthoz hasonló dolgot lehet elérni a
+.B sudo
+csomaggal.
+.SH MEGJEGYZÉS
+A hibákat a bug\-sh\-utils@gnu.org címen lehet jelenteni.
+Az oldalt Ragnar Hojland Espinosa <ragnar@macula.net> frissítette.
+.SH MAGYAR FORDÍTÁS
+Havasi Ferenc <hafy@prins.externet.hu> és Tímár András <timar_a@freemail.hu>
diff --git a/man/hu/man5/passwd.5 b/man/hu/man5/passwd.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ef231a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/hu/man5/passwd.5
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (u31b3hs@pool.informatik.rwth-aachen.de), Fri Apr  2 11:32:09 MET DST 1993
+.\"
+.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
+.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+.\"
+.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
+.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
+.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
+.\" intermediate and printed output.
+.\"
+.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
+.\"
+.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
+.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139,
+.\" USA.
+.\"
+.\" Modified Sun Jul 25 10:46:28 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
+.\" Modified Sun Aug 21 18:12:27 1994 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
+.\" Modified Sun Jun 18 01:53:57 1995 by Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
+.TH PASSWD 5 "24 July 1993" "Linux" "Linux Programozói Kézikönyv"
+.SH NÉV
+passwd \- Jelszófájl
+.SH LEÍRÁS
+A
+.B Passwd
+egy, a felhasználók listáját és a belépésükhöz szükséges jelszavakat
+tartalmazó ASCII file. Mindenkinek tudnia kell olvasni (sok segédprogram, 
+pl. a
+.BR ls (1)
+ezt használja hogy a felhasználói azonosítókhoz (UID-khez) neveket
+rendeljen), de írási jogot csak a rendszergazdának szabad kapnia.
+.PP
+A régi szép időkben nem is volt ezzel semmi baj: mindenki olvashatta a
+felhasználók kódolt jelszavait, de mivel az akkori hardware-körülmények nem
+tették lehetővé a jól megválasztott jelszavak törését, és a felasználók
+alapvetően jóindulatűak voltak, ez nem okozott problémát.
+Manapság mindenki igyekszik shadow-zott jelszavakat használni, amikor is a 
+.I /etc/passwd
+file-ban a jelszavak helyett csak egy * karakter áll, és az igazi jelszavak
+a
+.I /etc/shadow
+file-ban találhatóak, amit csak a rendszergazda olvashat.
+.PP
+Amikor új felhasználót készítesz, célszerű a jelszó helyét
+üresen hagyni, és a \fBpasswd\fP(1) programmal kitölteni. Egy * karakter a
+jelszó helyén azt jelenti, hogy a \fBlogin\fP(1) szoltáltatáson keresztül
+a felhasználó nem tud belépni.
+.PP
+Soronként egy bejegyzés található, a következő formában:
+.sp
+.RS
+usernév:jelszó:UID:GID:valódi név:home mappa:shell
+.RE
+.sp
+, ahol a mezők jelentése:
+.sp
+.RS
+.TP 1.0in
+.I usernév
+a felhasználó belépési neve a rendszerben.
+.TP
+.I jelszó
+a felhasználó kódolt jelszava. 
+.TP
+.I UID
+A felhasználó azonosítószáma.
+.TP
+.I GID
+A felhasználó csoportjának azonosítószáma.
+.TP
+.I valódi név
+egy opcionális mező megjegyzések tárolására (gyakran a felhasználó teljes neve)
+.TP
+.I home mappa
+a felhasználó $HOME mappája.
+.TP
+.I shell
+a belépéskor elindítandó program (ha nincs megadva, a
+.IR /bin/sh -t használja).
+.RE
+.SH MEGJEGYZÉS
+Ha a root fájlrendszered a
+.IR /dev/ram
+-on van, a rendszer leállítása előtt rögzítened kell a megváltozott jelszófile-t a root fájlrendszer floppylemezén. Ha csoportokat is kezelni akarsz, meg kell egyezniük a GID-jüknek és be kell jegyezni őket a  \fI/etc/group\fP-ba.
+.SH FÁJLOK
+.I /etc/passwd
+.SH LÁSD MÉG
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR login (1),
+.BR group (5),
+.BR shadow (5)
+.SH MAGYAR FORDÍTÁS
+Horváth András <horvatha@rs1.szif.hu>
diff --git a/man/hu/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/hu/man8/lastlog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68995a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/hu/man8/lastlog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1992, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1992, Phillip Street
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)lastlog.8	3.3	08:24:58	29 Sep 1993 (National Guard Release)
+.\"	$Id$
+.\"
+.TH LASTLOG 8
+.SH NÉV
+lastlog \- a lastlog fájl vizsgálata
+.SH ÁTTEKINTÉS
+.B lastlog
+.RB [ -u
+.IR uid ]
+.RB [ -t
+.IR napok száma ]
+.SH LEÍRÁS
+
+A \fBlastlog\fR formázza és olvashatóan megjeleníti a
+\fB/var/log/lastlog\fR tartalmát. A listában szerepel a \fBlogin-név\fR, a
+\fBterminál (port) azonosítója\fR és a felhasználó \fBlegutolsó
+belépésének ideje\fR.  Paraméterek nélkül meghívva a
+felhasználó-azonosítók (UID) alapján sorbarendezve jelennek meg az
+értékek. A \fB-u \fIlogin-név\fR opció megadása esetén csak a megadott
+felhasználó utolsó belépésének ideje jelenik meg. A \fB-t \fInapok
+száma\fR opció megadásával csak a megadott számú napon belüli belépési
+idők jelennek meg. A \fB-r\fR opció felülírja a \fB-u\fR opciót.
+.PP
+Ha a felhasználó még soha nem lépett be, akkor a terminál és az idő
+helyett a \fB**Never logged in**\fR felirat jelenik meg.
+.SH FÁJLOK
+/var/log/lastlog \- a felhasználók legutóbbi belépéseit tartalmazza
+.SH MEGJEGYZÉS
+Ha a felhasználói azonosító számok (UID-k) között nagyobb üres tartományok
+vannak, akkor a lastlog futásakor megtörténhet, hogy hosszabb ideig
+nem jelenik meg semmi a képernyőn (pl ha a 170-es és a 800-as azonosítójú
+felhasználók között nincs több azonosító, akkor a 171 és 799 közötti
+számok kiértékelése alatt a képernyőn nem változik semmi).
+.SH SZERZŐK
+Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)
+.br
+Phillip Street
+.SH MAGYAR FORDÍTÁS
+Hermann Benedek (bence@intercom.hu)
+
diff --git a/man/id.1.xml b/man/id.1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d77330
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/id.1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991       , Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='id.1'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">User Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>id</refname>
+    <refpurpose>display current user and group ID names</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>id</command>    <arg choice='opt'>-a </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>id</command> command displays the current real and
+      effective user and group ID names or values. If the value does not
+      have a corresponding entry in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> or
+      <filename>/etc/group</filename>, the value will be displayed without
+      the corresponding name. The optional <option>-a</option> flag will
+      display the group set on systems which support supplementary groups
+      (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>initgroups</refentrytitle>
+      <manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>getgid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>getgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>getuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>initgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/id/Makefile.am b/man/id/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21f3dbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/id/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+mandir = @mandir@/id
+
+man_MANS = \
+	man1/chsh.1 \
+	man1/login.1 \
+	man8/useradd.8
+
+EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS)
diff --git a/man/id/Makefile.in b/man/id/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..504ea4b
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,619 @@
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+
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+			   sed '/\//!d;s|^|$(distdir)/|;s,/[^/]*$$,,' | \
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+	esac; \
+	for file in $$dist_files; do \
+	  if test -f $$file || test -d $$file; then d=.; else d=$(srcdir); fi; \
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+	    fi; \
+	    cp -fpR $$d/$$file "$(distdir)$$dir" || exit 1; \
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+	    test -f "$(distdir)/$$file" \
+	    || cp -p $$d/$$file "$(distdir)/$$file" \
+	    || exit 1; \
+	  fi; \
+	done
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+.PRECIOUS: Makefile
+
+
+# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
+# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
+.NOEXPORT:
diff --git a/man/id/man1/chsh.1 b/man/id/man1/chsh.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e13a49d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/id/man1/chsh.1
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+.\"
+.\"  chsh.1 \-\- change your login shell
+.\"  (c) 1994 by salvatore valente <svalente@athena.mit.edu>
+.\"
+.\"  this program is free software.  you can redistribute it and
+.\"  modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license.
+.\"  there is no warranty.
+.\"
+.\"  $Author: kloczek $
+.\"  $Revision: 1.4 $
+.\"  $Date: 2005/08/29 13:59:29 $
+.\"
+.TH CHSH 1 "October 13 1994" "chsh" "Linux Reference Manual"
+.SH NAMA
+chsh \- merubah shell login
+.SH RINGKASAN
+.B chsh
+[\ \-s\ shell\ ] [\ \-l\ ] [\ \-u\ ] [\ \-v\ ] [\ username\ ]
+.SH PENJELASAN
+.B chsh
+digunakan untuk merubah shell login Anda.
+Bila shell tidak diberikan pada baris perintah maka
+.B chsh
+menampilkan prompt untuk memasukkan shell.
+.SS SHELL\-SHELL YANG BENAR
+.B chsh
+akan menerima pathname lengkap dari file executable pada sistem.
+Walau demikian, akan menampilkan peringatan bila shell tidak terdapat
+dalam file
+.I /etc/shells .
+.SH OPTION
+.TP
+.I "\-l, \-\-list\-shells"
+Menampilkan daftar shell yang ada dalam
+.I /etc/shells
+dan keluar atau exit.
+.TP
+.I "\-s, \-\-shell"
+Menentukan shell login Anda.
+.TP
+.I "\-u, \-\-help"
+Menampilkan cara penggunaan program.
+.TP
+.I "\-v, \-\-version"
+Menampilkan informasi versi program.
+.SH "LIHAT JUGA"
+.BR login (1),
+.BR passwd (5),
+.BR shells (5)
+.SH PEMBUAT
+Salvatore Valente <svalente@mit.edu>
+.SH PENTERJEMAH
+Rizqy Syarief <rizqy@rad.net.id>
diff --git a/man/id/man1/login.1 b/man/id/man1/login.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..970fc72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/id/man1/login.1
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+.\" Copyright 1993 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
+.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
+.TH LOGIN 1 "4 November 1996" "Util\-linux 1.6" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
+.SH NAME
+login \- masuk ke system
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.BR "login [ " name " ]"
+.br
+.B "login \-p"
+.br
+.BR "login \-h " hostname
+.br
+.BR "login \-f " name
+.SH PENJELASAN
+.B login
+digunakan ketika hendak masuk ke sebuah system.  Ia juga dapat digunakan
+untuk berpindah dari satu user ke user lainnya kapan saja (shell\-shell yang
+modern mendukung kemampuan ini).
+Jika tidak diikuti oleh sebuah argumen
+.B login
+system akan menanyakan nama user/username.
+
+Jika user tersebut
+.I bukan
+root, dan jika terdapat file
+.I /etc/nologin
+isi file tersebut akan tercetak di layar, kemudian login dihentikan.  
+Biasanya ini dilakukan untuk mencegah login ketika system sedang dimatikan.
+
+Jika terdapat pembatasan akses tertentu pada user sebagaimana terdapat di
+.IR /etc/usertty ,
+hal tersebut harus dipenuhi, atau login akan ditolak dan pesan
+.B syslog
+akan dibuat.  Lihat section pada "Special Access Restrictions".
+
+Jika user adalah root, maka login harus dijalankan pada tty yang terdapat
+di
+.IR /etc/securetty .
+Kegagalan akan dicatat pada log melalui fasilitas
+.B syslog .
+
+Setelah kondisi\-kondisi tersebut dicek, anda akan dimintai password untuk
+kemudian dicek (jika ada password untuk username tersebut).  Anda dapat
+mencoba sepuluh kali sebelum
+.B login
+dimatikan, tapi setelah kegagalan yang ketiga, respon yang diberikan
+akan sangat lamban.  Kegagalan login akan dilaporkan melalui fasilitas
+.B syslog .
+Fasilitas ini juga dapat digunakan untuk melaporkan login yang berhasil.
+
+Jika file
+.I .hushlogin
+ditemukan,  maka login secara "quiet" dilaksanakan (hal ini menonaktifkan
+pengecekan mail dan tidak menampilkan waktu login terakhir dan pesan
+yang ada untuk hari itu).  Namun, jika terdapat file
+.I /var/log/lastlog
+, waktu login terakhir akan ditampilkan (dan kegiatan login yang sekarang
+akan dicatat).
+
+Kegiatan administratif secara acak, seperti mengeset UID dan GID untuk tty
+akan dilakukan.  Variabel environment TERM dibuatkan, jika ia sudah ada
+(variabel environment lain akan dibuatkan jika option
+.B \-p
+digunakan).  Kemudian variable environment HOME, PATH, SHELL, TERM, MAIL
+dan LOGNAME ditetapkan. Default PATH merujuk ke
+.I /usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:.
+untuk user biasa, dan ke
+.I /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
+untuk root.  Terakhir, jika login yang sedang dilakukan bukan login "quiet",
+pesan hari ini akan ditampilkan dan file dengan nama yang sama dengan user
+pada
+.I /usr/spool/mail
+akan diperiksa, dan sebuah pesan ditampilkan jika besar file tersebut tidak
+nol.
+
+Kemudian, shell untuk user berjalan.  Jika shell untuk user tidak ditentukan
+pada
+.BR /etc/passwd ,
+maka akan digunakan
+.BR /bin/sh .
+Jika directory tidak ditentukan pada
+.IR /etc/passwd ,
+maka
+.I /
+digunakan (home directiry diperiksa pada file
+.I .hushlogin
+seperti dijelaskan sebelumnya).
+.SH OPTION
+.TP
+.B \-f
+Used to skip a second login authentication.  This specifically does
+Digunakan untuk melewatkan pengecekan tahap kedua ketika login.  Biasanya
+.B tidak
+berjalan untuk, dan kelihatannya tidak dapat berjalan dengan baik pada Linux.
+.TP
+.B \-h
+Digunakan oleh server lain (misalnya
+.BR telnetd (8))
+to pass the name of the remote host to
+untuk melewatkan nama remote host ketika
+.B login
+sehingga dapat ditempatkan pada utmp dan wtmp.  HAnya superuser yang dapat
+menggunakan option ini.
+.TP
+.B \-p
+digunakan oleh
+.BR getty (8)
+untuk memberi tahu bahwa
+.B login
+tidak mengubah environment
+
+.SH "PEMBATASAN AKSES TERTENTU/SPECIAL ACCESS RESTRICTIONS"
+File
+.I /etc/securetty
+mencatat nama\-nama tty dimana root boleh login.  Nama device tty yang tidak
+berawalan /dev/ harus ditentukan pada setiap barisnya.  Jika file tersebut 
+tidak ditemukan, root boleh login di tty mana saja.
+
+.PP
+File
+.I /etc/usertty
+Menentukan tambahan batasan akses tertentu untuk user tertentu.  Jika 
+file ini tidak ditemukan, tak ada tambahan batasan akses yang diterapkan.
+File ini terdiri dari beberapa bagian.  Ada tiga bagian yang mungkin
+ada : CLASSES, GROUPS dan USERS.  Bagian CLASSES mendefinisikan kelas tty
+dan pola nama host, bagian GROUPS mendefinisikan tty dan nama host yang
+diperbolehkan berdasarkan per group, dan bagian USERS mendefinisikan tty 
+dan host yang diperbolehkan berdasarkan per user.
+
+.PP
+Panjang setiap baris pada file ini tidak boleh lebih dari 255 karakter.
+Komentar diawali oleh karakter # yang berlaku hingga akhir baris.
+
+.PP
+.SS "Bagian CLASSES"
+Bagian CLASSES dimulai dengan kata CLASSES pada baris awal dalam
+huruf besar semua.  Setiap baris berikutnya hingga permulaan bagian baru
+atau akhir file terdiri dari urutan kata\-kata yang dipisahkan oleh tab
+atau spasi.  Tiap baris mendefinisikan kelas tty dan pola host.
+
+.PP
+Kata yang terdapat pada awal baris dijadikan sebuah definisi untuk 
+sekumpulan nama untuk tty dan pola host yang ditentukan pada akhir baris.
+Kumpulan nama ini dapat digunakan untuk bagian GROUPS berikutnya atau 
+bagian USERS.  Nama kelas tidak boleh didefinisikan sebagai bagian
+dari sebuah kelas untuk menghindari masalah kelas rekursif.
+
+.PP
+Contoh bagian CLASSES:
+.PP
+.nf
+.in +.5
+CLASSES
+myclass1		tty1 tty2
+myclass2		tty3 @.foo.com
+.in -.5
+.fi
+.PP
+File di atas mendefinisikan
+.I myclass1
+dan
+.I myclass2
+sebagai sebelah kanan yang saling berhubungan.
+.PP
+
+.SS "Bagian GROUPS"
+Bagian GROUPS mendefinisikan tty dan host yang diperbolehkan berdasarkan
+per group UNIX.  Jika seorang user adalah anggota sebuah group menurut
+.I /etc/passwd
+dan
+.I /etc/group
+dan jika sebuah group disebutkan pada bagian GROUPS di
+.I /etc/usertty
+maka user diberikan akses jika memang itu group\-nya.
+.PP
+Bagian GROUPS diawali oleh kata GROUPS dalam huruf besar semua pada permulaan
+baris dan tiap baris selanjutnya merupakan urutan kata\-kata yang dipisahkan
+oleh spasi atau tab.  Kata pertama pada sebuah baris adalah nama group dan
+sisanya menentukan tty dan host dimana anggota group tersebut boleh 
+mendapatkan akses.  Ketentuan ini dapat mengikutsertakan kelas yang telah
+didefinisikan pada bagian CLASSES sebelumnya.
+
+.PP
+Contoh bagian GROUPS
+.PP
+.nf
+.in +0.5
+GROUPS
+sys		tty1 @.bar.edu
+stud		myclass1 tty4
+.in -0.5
+.fi
+.PP
+Contoh ini menentukan bahwa anggota group
+.I sys
+boleh log in pada tty1 dan dari host\-host yang terdapat pada domain
+bar.edu.  User yang terdapat pada group
+.I stud
+boleh log in dari host\-host/tty\-tty yang ditentukan pada kelas myclass1
+atau dari tty4
+.PP
+
+.SS "Bagian USERS"
+Bagian USERS dimulai dengan kata USERS dalam huruf besar semua pada awal
+baris, dan tiap baris berikutnya adalah urutan kata\-kata yang dipisahkan
+oleh tab atau spasi.  Kata pertama pada sebuah baris adalah username
+dan sisanya merupakan definisi tentang tty dan host tempat user boleh
+log in.  Ketentuan ini dapat melibatkan kelas yang didefinisikan pada
+bagian CLASSES sebelumnya dan.  Jika tak ada header bagian yang tercantum
+pada awal file, bagian pertama secara defaults adalah bagian USERS.
+
+.PP
+Contoh penggunaan bagian USERS:
+.PP
+.nf
+.in +0.5
+USERS
+zacho		tty1 @130.225.16.0/255.255.255.0
+blue		tty3 myclass2
+.in -0.5
+.fi
+.PP
+KEtentuan ini mengizinkan zacho hanya boleh login pada tty1 dan dari
+host\-host yang alamat IP\-nya terletak di kisaran 130.225.16.0 \-
+130.225.16.255, dan user bernama blue boleh log in dari tty3 dan apa
+saja yang disebutkan pada kelas myclass2.
+.PP
+Mungkin terdapat sebuah baris pada bagian USERS yang dimulai dengan
+sebuah username bernama *.  Ini adalah aturan default dan ia akan
+diterapkan pada user yang tidak tercantum pada baris\-baris definisi.
+.PP
+Jika user ditemukan pada baris USERS dan GROUPS maka user tersebut boleh
+mengakses dari gabungan tty/host yang disebutkan pada ketentuan tersebut.
+
+.SS Origins
+Ketentuan mengenai tty dan pola host yang digunakan sebagai ketentuan 
+pada kelas, group dan user disebut origin.  Sebuah origin bisa memiliki
+format berikut:
+.IP o 
+Nama sebuah device tty tanpa awalan /dev/, contohnya tty1 atau ttyS0.
+.PP
+.IP o
+String @localhost, artinya user boleh melakukan telnet/rlogin
+dari local host ke host yang sama.  Ini juga membolehkan user untuk
+menjalankan perintah: xterm \-e /bin/login.
+.PP
+.IP o
+Sebuah akhiran nama domain seperti @.some.dom, artinya user boleh
+melakukan rlogin/telnet dari host mana saja yang nama domainnya berakhiran
+@.some.dom
+.PP
+.IP o
+Kisaran alamat IPv4, ditulis @x.x.x.x/y.y.y.y dimana x.x.x.x adalah
+alamat IP pada notasi desimal biasa dan y.y.y.y adalah bitmask dalam
+notasi yang sama yang menentukan bit mana pada alamat tersebut untuk
+dibandingkan dengan alamat IP dari remote host.  Contohnya @130.225.16.0/
+255.255.254.0 berarti user boleh rlogin/telnet dari host mana saja yang
+alamat IP\-nya berada pada kisaran 130.225.16.0 \- 130.225.17.255.
+.PP
+Origin di atas boleh diawali oleh penentuan waktu menurut syntax:
+.PP
+.nf
+timespec    ::= '[' <day\-or\-hour> [':' <day\-or\-hour>]* ']'
+day         ::= 'mon' | 'tue' | 'wed' | 'thu' | 'fri' | 'sat' | 'sun'
+hour        ::= '0' | '1' | ... | '23'
+hourspec    ::= <hour> | <hour> '\-' <hour>
+day\-or\-hour ::= <day> | <hourspec>
+.fi
+.PP
+Contohnya, origin [mon:tue:wed:thu:fri:8\-17]tty3 berarti log in 
+diperbolehkan pada hari senin hingga jumat pukul 8:00 dan 17:59 (5:59
+pm) pada tty3.  Ini juga menunjukkan bahwa kisaran jam (seperti 10)
+menandakan waktu berkisar antara 10:00 dan 10:59.
+.PP
+Jika tidak menentukan waktu untuk tty atau nama host berarti lo gin
+dari origin tersebut diperbolehkan untuk setiap waktu.  Jika anda 
+memberikan awalan waktu, yakinkan untuk menentukan baik kumpulan hari
+dan waktu yang agak dilebihkan.  Penentuan waktu tidak boleh berisi
+spasi.
+.PP
+Jika tidak ada aturan diberikan maka user yang tidak ditemukan pada
+.I /etc/usertty
+boleh log in dari mana saja.
+.PP
+.SH FILES
+.nf
+.I /var/run/utmp
+.I /var/log/wtmp
+.I /var/log/lastlog
+.I /usr/spool/mail/*
+.I /etc/motd
+.I /etc/passwd
+.I /etc/nologin
+.I /etc/usertty
+.I .hushlogin
+.fi
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR init (8),
+.BR getty (8),
+.BR mail (1),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR passwd (5),
+.BR environ (7),
+.BR shutdown (8)
+.SH BUGS
+
+Linux, tidak seperti sistem operasi draconian, tidak mengecek quota.
+
+Option tidak resmi pada BSD
+.B \-r
+tidak dapat digunakan.   Ini mungkin dibutuhkan oleh program
diff --git a/man/id/man8/useradd.8 b/man/id/man8/useradd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d6730c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/id/man8/useradd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+.\" Copyright 1991 \- 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Pendistribusian dan penggunaan dalam bentuk source dan binary, dengan
+.\" atau tanpa modifikasi, diperbolehkan asal syarat\-syarat ini dipenuhi :
+.\" 1. Pendistribusian source code harus mempertahankan tulisan copyright
+.\"    di atas, persyaratan ini, dan disclaimer berikut.
+.\" 2. Pendistribusian dalam bentuk binary harus menampilkan copyright di atas,
+.\"    persyaratan ini, dan disclaimer yang tercantum pada dokumentasi dan/
+.\"    atau keterangan lainnya yang terdapat pada distribusi ini.
+.\" 3. Nama Julianne F. Haugh atau nama\-nama kontributor lainnya tidak boleh
+.\"    digunakan sebagai jaminan atau untuk mempromosikan produk yang berasal
+.\"    dari software ini tanpa izin khusus tertulis.
+.\"
+.\" SOFTWARE INI DISEDIAKAN OLEH JULIE HAUGH DAN PARA KONTRIBUTOR DALAM BENTUK
+.\" "APA ADANYA" DAN SEGALA PERNYATAAN ATAU JAMINAN, TERMASUK, TAPI TIDAK
+.\" TERBATAS PADA, JAMINAN DALAM PENJUALAN DAN PENYESUAIAN UNTUK MAKSUD
+.\" TERTENTU DILUAR TANGGUNG JAWABNYA.  JULIE HAUGH DAN PARA KONTRIBUTOR TIDAK
+.\" BERTANGGUNG JAWAB PADA KERUSAKAN SECARA LANGSUNG, TIDAK LANGSUNG, KEBETULAN,
+.\" TERTENTU, SESUAI CONTOH ATAU KERUSAKAN BERUNTUN (TERMASUK, TAPI TIDAK
+.\" TERBATAS PADA MENDAPATKAN PRODUK DENGAN CARA PERTUKARAN ATAU JASA;
+.\" KEHILANGAN DATA, ATAU PROFIT; ATAU TERHENTINYA BISNIS) YANG MENGAKIBATKAN
+.\" DAN SECARA TEORI BERTANGGUNG JAWAB, MESKIPUN DALAM PERJANJIAN, BERTANGGUNG
+.\" JAWAB PENUH, ATAU TORT (TERMASUK KECEROBOHAN ATAU SEBALIKNYA) YANG TIMBUL
+.\" KARENA KESALAHAN DALAM MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE INI, BAHKAN JIKA TELAH
+.\" DIPERINGATKAN SEBELUMNYA TENTANG KEMUNGKINAN AKAN KERUSAKAN TERSEBUT.
+.\"
+.\"	$Id$
+.\"
+.TH USERADD 8
+.SH NAME
+useradd \- Membuat user baru atau memperbarui informasi tentang user baru
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.TP 8
+.B useradd
+.\" .RB [ \-A
+.\" .RI { method | \fBDEFAULT\fR "},... ]"
+.RB [ \-c
+.IR comment ]
+.RB [ \-d
+.IR home_dir ]
+.br
+.RB [ \-e
+.IR expire_date ]
+.RB [ \-f
+.IR inactive_time ]
+.br
+.RB [ \-g
+.IR initial_group ]
+.RB [ \-G
+.IR group [,...]]
+.br
+.RB [ \-m " [" \-k
+.IR skeleton_dir ] " |" " " \-M ]
+.RB [ \-s
+.IR shell ]
+.br
+.RB [ \-u
+.IR uid " ["
+.BR \-o ]]
+.RB [ \-n ]
+.RB [ \-r ]
+.I login
+.TP 8
+.B useradd
+\fB\-D\fR
+[\fB\-g\fI default_group\fR]
+[\fB\-b\fI default_home\fR]
+.br
+[\fB\-f\fI default_inactive\fR]
+[\fB\-e\fI default_expire_date\fR]
+.br
+[\fB\-s\fI default_shell\fR]
+.SH PENJELASAN
+.SS Membuat User Baru
+Jika digunakan tanpa option \fB\-D\fR, perintah \fBuseradd\fR menciptakan
+sebuah  user account baru dengan menggunakan nilai yang terdapat pada
+baris perintah dan nilai default dari system.
+User account yang baru tersebut akan dimasukkan ke system files seperlunya,
+home directory akan dibuatkan, dan initial files di\-copy\-kan, tergantung
+option yang terdapat pada baris perintah.
+Versi yang terdapat pada Red Hat Linux akan membuat sebuah group untuk
+setiap user yang didaftarkan pada system, jika \fB\-b\fR tidak diberikan.
+Option yang dapat digunakan pada perintah \fBuseradd\fR adalah
+.\" .IP "\fB\-A {\fImethod\fR|\fBDEFAULT\fR},..."
+.\" Nilai milik user dalam metode autentikasi/pengecekan.
+.\" Metode autentikasi/pengecekan adalah nama sebuah program yang bertanggung 
+.\" jawab untuk memeriksa identitas user.
+.\" String \fBDEFAULT\fR dapat digunakan untuk mengubah metode autentikasi
+.\" menjadi metode password system yang standar.
+.\" Daftar tersebut berisi nama\-nama program, yang dipisahkan oleh koma.
+.\" \fBDEFAULT\fR hanya dapat dicantumkan sekali saja.
+.\" 
+.\" 
+.\" 
+.IP "\fB\-c \fIcomment\fR"
+Komentar pada file password milik user baru.
+.IP "\fB\-d \fIhome_dir\fR"
+User baru akan diciptakan dengan \fIhome_dir\fR sebagai lokasi directory 
+login\-nya.
+Default\-nya adalah menambahkan nama \fIlogin\fR pada \fIdefault_home\fR
+dan menggunakannya sebagai nama directory login.
+.IP "\fB\-e \fIexpire_date\fR"
+Tanggal ketika user account dimatikan.
+Tanggal ditulis dalam format \fIMM/DD/YY\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-f \fIinactive_days\fR"
+Jumlah hari setelah sebuah password kadaluarsa hingga account 
+tersebut dimatikan secara permanen.
+Nilai 0 mematikan account segera setelah password kadaluarsa,
+dan nilai \-1 mematikan fungsi ini.
+Nilai default\-nya adalah \-1.
+.IP "\fB\-g \fIinitial_group\fR"
+Nama group atau angka initial login group.
+Nama group harus sudah ada.  Seorang anggota group harus merujuk
+pada group yang sudah ada.
+Nilai group default\-nya adalah 1.
+.IP "\fB\-G \fIgroup,[...]\fR"
+Daftar group tambahan yang juga merupakan group\-nya user.
+Setiap group dipisahkan oleh koma, tanpa diikuti spasi.
+Group juga mengikuti aturan yang diberikan dengan option \fB\-g\fR.
+Default\-nya hanyalah untuk user yang terdaftar pada group awal.
+.IP \fB\-m\fR
+Home directory milik user akan dibuatkan jika belum ada.
+File yang terdapat pada \fIskeleton_dir\fR atau \fI/etc/skel\fR
+akan dibuatkan pada home directory milik user.
+Option \fB\-k\fR hanya valid jika bertemu option \fB\-m\fR.
+Dafault\-nya adalah tidak membuat directory dan tidak meng\-copy
+segala file.
+.IP \fB\-M\fR
+Home directory milik user tidak akan dibuatkan, bahkan jika setting
+system pada \fI/etc/login.defs\fR ditujukan untuk membuat home 
+directory.
+.IP \fB\-n\fR
+Sebuah group yang namanya sama dengan user akan ditambahkan ke dalam
+system secara default.  Option ini akan mematikan kebiasaan tersebut
+yang terdapat pada Red Hat Linux.
+.IP \fB\-r\fR
+Flag ini digunakan untuk membuat sebuah system account.  Yaitu, user
+dengan UID yang lebih kecil dari UID_MIN yang tercantum pada 
+\fI/etc/login.defs\fR.  Harap diingat bahwa \fBuseradd\fR tidak akan
+membuat home directory untuk user semacam ini, menghiraukan setting
+default yang terdapat di \fI/etc/login.defs\fR.
+Anda harus menyebutkan option \fB\-m\fR jika ingin membuat home directory
+untuk sebuah system account yang akan dibuat.
+Ini adalah option yang ditambahkan oleh Red Hat.
+.IP "\fB\-s \fIshell\fR"
+Nama login shell milik user.
+Default\-nya adalah membiarkan field ini kosong, yang menyebabkan
+system untuk memilih login shell yang default.
+.IP "\fB\-u \fIuid\fR"
+Nilai user ID secara numerik.
+Nilai ini harus unique, kecuali jika option \fI\-o\fR digunakan.
+Nilai tersebut tidak boleh negatif.
+Default\-nya adalah menggunakan nilai ID yang lebih besar dari 999
+dan lebih besar dari semua user lain.
+Nilai di antara 0 dan 999 biasanya disiapkan untuk system aacount.
+.SS Mengubah nilai\-nilai default.
+Ketika digunakan dengan option \fB\-D\fR, \fBuseradd\fR akan
+menampilkan nilai default, atau memperbarui nilai default baru
+yang terdapat pada baris perintah.
+Option yang dapat digunakan adalah
+.IP "\fB\-b \fIdefault_home\fR"
+Awalan path untuk home directory milik user baru.
+Nama user akan ditambahkan setelah akhir \fIdefault_home\fR
+ketika membuat nama directory baru jika option \fB\-d\fI tidak
+disebutkan dalam membuat account baru.
+.IP "\fB\-e \fIdefault_expire_date\fR"
+Tanggal ketika user account dimatikan.
+.IP "\fB\-f \fIdefault_inactive\fR"
+Jumlah hari setelah password kadaluarsa sebelum account
+dimatikan.
+.IP "\fB\-g \fIdefault_group\fR"
+Nama group atau ID sebagai group awal user baru.
+Nama group yang disebut harus sudah ada dan nomor group ID
+harus mempunyai entry.
+.IP "\fB\-s \fIdefault_shell\fR"
+Nama untuk login shell milik user baru.
+Nama program yang disebutkan akan digunakan untuk semua user
+account baru mendatang.
+.PP
+Jika tidak ada option yang disebutkan, \fBuseradd\fR menampilkan
+nilai default yang ada saat ini.
+.SH NOTES
+The system administrator is responsible for placing the default
+user files in the \fI/etc/skel\fR directory.
+.br
+Versi useradd ini dimodifikasi oleh Red Hat agar cocok dengan
+ketentuan mengenai user/group.
+.SH CAVEATS
+Anda tidak dapat menambahkan user pada grou NIS.
+Ini harus dilakukan pada server NIS.
+.SH FILES
+\fB/etc/passwd\fR \- informasi tentang user account
+.br
+\fB/etc/shadow\fR \- informasi user account yang terlindung
+.br
+\fB/etc/group\fR \- informasi tentang group
+.br
+\fB/etc/default/useradd\fR \- informasi tentang nilai default
+.br
+\fB/etc/login.defs\fR \- system\-wide settings
+.br
+\fB/etc/skel\fR \- directory yang mengandung default files
+.SH LIHAT JUGA
+.BR chfn (1),
+.BR chsh (1),
+.BR groupadd (8),
+.BR groupdel (8),
+.BR groupmod (8),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR userdel (8),
+.BR usermod (8)
+.SH AUTHOR
+Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)
diff --git a/man/it/Makefile.am b/man/it/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94460aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+
+mandir = @mandir@/it
+
+man_MANS = \
+	man1/chage.1 \
+	man1/chfn.1 \
+	man8/chgpasswd.8 \
+	man8/chpasswd.8 \
+	man1/chsh.1 \
+	man1/expiry.1 \
+	man5/faillog.5 \
+	man8/faillog.8 \
+	man3/getspnam.3 \
+	man1/gpasswd.1 \
+	man8/groupadd.8 \
+	man8/groupdel.8 \
+	man8/groupmems.8 \
+	man8/groupmod.8 \
+	man1/groups.1 \
+	man8/grpck.8 \
+	man8/grpconv.8 \
+	man8/grpunconv.8 \
+	man5/gshadow.5 \
+	man8/lastlog.8 \
+	man1/login.1 \
+	man5/login.defs.5 \
+	man8/logoutd.8 \
+	man1/newgrp.1 \
+	man8/newusers.8 \
+	man8/nologin.8 \
+	man1/passwd.1 \
+	man5/passwd.5 \
+	man8/pwck.8 \
+	man8/pwconv.8 \
+	man8/pwunconv.8 \
+	man1/sg.1 \
+	man3/shadow.3 \
+	man5/shadow.5 \
+	man1/su.1 \
+	man5/suauth.5 \
+	man8/useradd.8 \
+	man8/userdel.8 \
+	man8/usermod.8 \
+	man8/vigr.8 \
+	man8/vipw.8
+
+man_nopam = \
+	man5/limits.5 \
+	man5/login.access.5 \
+	man5/porttime.5
+
+if !USE_PAM
+man_MANS += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+EXTRA_DIST = \
+	$(man_MANS) \
+	man1/id.1 \
+	man8/sulogin.8
+
+if USE_PAM
+EXTRA_DIST += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+include ../generate_translations.mak
+
diff --git a/man/it/Makefile.in b/man/it/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46f6a42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,787 @@
+# Makefile.in generated by automake 1.16.5 from Makefile.am.
+# @configure_input@
+
+# Copyright (C) 1994-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation
+# gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
+# with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without
+# even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
+# PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+@SET_MAKE@
+VPATH = @srcdir@
+am__is_gnu_make = { \
+  if test -z '$(MAKELEVEL)'; then \
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+  sane_makeflags=$$MAKEFLAGS; \
+  if $(am__is_gnu_make); then \
+    sane_makeflags=$$MFLAGS; \
+  else \
+    case $$MAKEFLAGS in \
+      *\\[\ \	]*) \
+        bs=\\; \
+        sane_makeflags=`printf '%s\n' "$$MAKEFLAGS" \
+          | sed "s/$$bs$$bs[$$bs $$bs	]*//g"`;; \
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+  fi; \
+  skip_next=no; \
+  strip_trailopt () \
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+      -[JT]) skip_next=yes;; \
+    esac; \
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+am__make_dryrun = (target_option=n; $(am__make_running_with_option))
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+pkgdatadir = $(datadir)/@PACKAGE@
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+pkglibexecdir = $(libexecdir)/@PACKAGE@
+am__cd = CDPATH="$${ZSH_VERSION+.}$(PATH_SEPARATOR)" && cd
+install_sh_DATA = $(install_sh) -c -m 644
+install_sh_PROGRAM = $(install_sh) -c
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+INSTALL_HEADER = $(INSTALL_DATA)
+transform = $(program_transform_name)
+NORMAL_INSTALL = :
+PRE_INSTALL = :
+POST_INSTALL = :
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+am__configure_deps = $(am__aclocal_m4_deps) $(CONFIGURE_DEPENDENCIES) \
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+ctags CTAGS:
+
+cscope cscopelist:
+
+distdir: $(BUILT_SOURCES)
+	$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) distdir-am
+
+distdir-am: $(DISTFILES)
+	@srcdirstrip=`echo "$(srcdir)" | sed 's/[].[^$$\\*]/\\\\&/g'`; \
+	topsrcdirstrip=`echo "$(top_srcdir)" | sed 's/[].[^$$\\*]/\\\\&/g'`; \
+	list='$(DISTFILES)'; \
+	  dist_files=`for file in $$list; do echo $$file; done | \
+	  sed -e "s|^$$srcdirstrip/||;t" \
+	      -e "s|^$$topsrcdirstrip/|$(top_builddir)/|;t"`; \
+	case $$dist_files in \
+	  */*) $(MKDIR_P) `echo "$$dist_files" | \
+			   sed '/\//!d;s|^|$(distdir)/|;s,/[^/]*$$,,' | \
+			   sort -u` ;; \
+	esac; \
+	for file in $$dist_files; do \
+	  if test -f $$file || test -d $$file; then d=.; else d=$(srcdir); fi; \
+	  if test -d $$d/$$file; then \
+	    dir=`echo "/$$file" | sed -e 's,/[^/]*$$,,'`; \
+	    if test -d "$(distdir)/$$file"; then \
+	      find "$(distdir)/$$file" -type d ! -perm -700 -exec chmod u+rwx {} \;; \
+	    fi; \
+	    if test -d $(srcdir)/$$file && test $$d != $(srcdir); then \
+	      cp -fpR $(srcdir)/$$file "$(distdir)$$dir" || exit 1; \
+	      find "$(distdir)/$$file" -type d ! -perm -700 -exec chmod u+rwx {} \;; \
+	    fi; \
+	    cp -fpR $$d/$$file "$(distdir)$$dir" || exit 1; \
+	  else \
+	    test -f "$(distdir)/$$file" \
+	    || cp -p $$d/$$file "$(distdir)/$$file" \
+	    || exit 1; \
+	  fi; \
+	done
+check-am: all-am
+check: check-am
+all-am: Makefile $(MANS)
+installdirs:
+	for dir in "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)" "$(DESTDIR)$(man3dir)" "$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)" "$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)"; do \
+	  test -z "$$dir" || $(MKDIR_P) "$$dir"; \
+	done
+install: install-am
+install-exec: install-exec-am
+install-data: install-data-am
+uninstall: uninstall-am
+
+install-am: all-am
+	@$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) install-exec-am install-data-am
+
+installcheck: installcheck-am
+install-strip:
+	if test -z '$(STRIP)'; then \
+	  $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \
+	    install_sh_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG=-s \
+	      install; \
+	else \
+	  $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \
+	    install_sh_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG=-s \
+	    "INSTALL_PROGRAM_ENV=STRIPPROG='$(STRIP)'" install; \
+	fi
+mostlyclean-generic:
+
+clean-generic:
+	-test -z "$(CLEANFILES)" || rm -f $(CLEANFILES)
+
+distclean-generic:
+	-test -z "$(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES)" || rm -f $(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES)
+	-test . = "$(srcdir)" || test -z "$(CONFIG_CLEAN_VPATH_FILES)" || rm -f $(CONFIG_CLEAN_VPATH_FILES)
+
+maintainer-clean-generic:
+	@echo "This command is intended for maintainers to use"
+	@echo "it deletes files that may require special tools to rebuild."
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@clean-local:
+clean: clean-am
+
+clean-am: clean-generic clean-libtool clean-local mostlyclean-am
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+distclean: distclean-am
+	-rm -f Makefile
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+dvi: dvi-am
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+dvi-am:
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+html: html-am
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+info: info-am
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+install-dvi-am:
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+install-exec-am:
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+install-html: install-html-am
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+install-html-am:
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+install-ps: install-ps-am
+
+install-ps-am:
+
+installcheck-am:
+
+maintainer-clean: maintainer-clean-am
+	-rm -f Makefile
+maintainer-clean-am: distclean-am maintainer-clean-generic
+
+mostlyclean: mostlyclean-am
+
+mostlyclean-am: mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool
+
+pdf: pdf-am
+
+pdf-am:
+
+ps: ps-am
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+ps-am:
+
+uninstall-am: uninstall-man
+
+uninstall-man: uninstall-man1 uninstall-man3 uninstall-man5 \
+	uninstall-man8
+
+.MAKE: install-am install-strip
+
+.PHONY: all all-am check check-am clean clean-generic clean-libtool \
+	clean-local cscopelist-am ctags-am distclean distclean-generic \
+	distclean-libtool distdir dvi dvi-am html html-am info info-am \
+	install install-am install-data install-data-am install-dvi \
+	install-dvi-am install-exec install-exec-am install-html \
+	install-html-am install-info install-info-am install-man \
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+	install-pdf install-pdf-am install-ps install-ps-am \
+	install-strip installcheck installcheck-am installdirs \
+	maintainer-clean maintainer-clean-generic mostlyclean \
+	mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool pdf pdf-am ps ps-am \
+	tags-am uninstall uninstall-am uninstall-man uninstall-man1 \
+	uninstall-man3 uninstall-man5 uninstall-man8
+
+.PRECIOUS: Makefile
+
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@config.xml: ../config.xml.in
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	$(MAKE) -C .. config.xml
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	cp ../config.xml $@
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@messages.mo: ../po/$(LANG).po
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	msgfmt ../po/$(LANG).po -o messages.mo
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@login.defs.d:
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	ln -sf ../login.defs.d login.defs.d
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@%.xml: ../%.xml messages.mo login.defs.d
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	if grep -q SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE $< ; then \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	    sed -e 's/^<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->/<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	else \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	    sed -e 's/^\(<!DOCTYPE .*docbookx.dtd"\)>/\1 [<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;]>/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	fi
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	itstool -d -l $(LANG) -m messages.mo -o . $@
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	sed -i 's:\(^<refentry .*\)>:\1 lang="$(LANG)">:' $@
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@%.xml-config: %.xml
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	if grep -q SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE $<; then \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@		sed -e 's/^<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->/<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	else \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@		sed -e 's/^\(<!DOCTYPE .*docbookx.dtd"\)>/\1 [<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;]>/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	fi
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man1/% man3/% man5/% man8/%: %.xml-config Makefile config.xml
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	$(XSLTPROC) --stringparam profile.condition "$(PAM_COND);$(SHADOWGRP_COND);$(TCB_COND);$(SHA_CRYPT_COND);$(SUBIDS_COND)" \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	            --param "man.authors.section.enabled" "0" \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	            --stringparam "man.output.base.dir" "" \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	            --param "man.output.in.separate.dir" "1" \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	            -nonet http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/manpages/profile-docbook.xsl $<
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@clean-local:
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	rm -rf man1 man3 man5 man8
+
+#$(man_MANS):
+#	@echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man8/grpconv.8 man8/grpunconv.8 man8/pwunconv.8: man8/pwconv.8
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man3/getspnam.3: man3/shadow.3
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man8/vigr.8: man8/vipw.8
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@$(man_MANS):
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@	@echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages
+
+# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
+# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
+.NOEXPORT:
diff --git a/man/it/man1/chage.1 b/man/it/man1/chage.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..442048a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/chage.1
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chage
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "CHAGE" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+chage \- cambia le informazioni sulla scadenza della password
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBchage\fR\ 'u
+\fBchage\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] \fILOGIN\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change\&. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchage\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-lastday\fR\ \&\fILAST_DAY\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last changed\&. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY\-MM\-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)\&. If the
+\fILAST_DAY\fR
+is set to
+\fI0\fR
+the user is forced to change his password on the next log on\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+Imposta la data o il numero di giorni dal 1 gennaio 1970 dal quale l\*(Aqaccount utente non sar\(`a pi\(`u accessibile\&. La data pu\(`o essere inserita nel formato AAAA\-MM\-GG (o il formato pi\(`u comunemente utilizzato nel proprio paese)\&. Un utente il cui account sia bloccato deve contattare l\*(Aqamministratore di sistema prima di poter accedere nuovamente al sistema\&.
+.sp
+For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 days:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+	    chage \-E $(date \-d +180days +%Y\-%m\-%d)
+	  
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+will remove an account expiration date\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-iso8601\fR
+.RS 4
+When printing dates, use YYYY\-MM\-DD format\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked\&. The
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+option is the number of days of inactivity\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as the
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+will remove an account\*(Aqs inactivity\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+Visualizza le informazioni sulla scadenza dell\*(Aqaccount\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
+\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid\&. When
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+plus
+\fILAST_DAY\fR
+is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account\&. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the
+\fB\-W\fR
+option, which provides the user with advance warning\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The
+\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If none of the options are selected,
+\fBchage\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of
+\fI[ ]\fR
+marks\&.
+.SH "NOTA"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+program requires a shadow password file to be available\&.
+.PP
+The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password file\&. This implies that configuration from other sources (e\&.g\&. LDAP or empty password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user\*(Aqs login will not be shown in the chage output\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+program will also not report any inconsistency between the shadow and passwd files (e\&.g\&. missing x in the passwd file)\&. The
+\fBpwck\fR
+can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command is restricted to the root user, except for the
+\fB\-l\fR
+option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+permission denied
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI15\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt find the shadow password file
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man1/chfn.1 b/man/it/man1/chfn.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fcce5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/chfn.1
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chfn
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "CHFN" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+chfn \- cambia il nome dell\*(Aqutente e altre informazioni
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBchfn\fR\ 'u
+\fBchfn\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchfn\fR
+command changes user fullname, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a user\*(Aqs account\&. This information is typically printed by
+\fBfinger\fR(1)
+and similar programs\&. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&. (The default configuration is to prevent users from changing their fullname\&.) The superuser may change any field for any account\&. Additionally, only the superuser may use the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field\&.
+.PP
+These fields must not contain any colons\&. Except for the
+\fIother\fR
+field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign\&. It is also recommended to avoid non\-US\-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone numbers\&. The
+\fIother\fR
+field is used to store accounting information used by other applications\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchfn\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-full\-name\fR\ \&\fIFULL_NAME\fR
+.RS 4
+Cambia il nome completo dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-home\-phone\fR\ \&\fIHOME_PHONE\fR
+.RS 4
+Cambia il numero di telefono di casa dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-other\fR\ \&\fIOTHER\fR
+.RS 4
+Cambia il campo GECOS per le altre informazioni\&. Questo campo viene utilizzato per memorizzare informazioni di \(Foaccounting\(Fc usate da altre applicazioni, e pu\(`o essere modificato solo dal super utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-room\fR\ \&\fIROOM_NUMBER\fR
+.RS 4
+Cambia il numero della stanza dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-work\-phone\fR\ \&\fIWORK_PHONE\fR
+.RS 4
+Cambia il numero di telefono di lavoro dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If none of the options are selected,
+\fBchfn\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of
+\fB[ ]\fR
+marks\&. Without options,
+\fBchfn\fR
+prompts for the current user account\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man1/chsh.1 b/man/it/man1/chsh.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61b0ffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/chsh.1
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chsh
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "CHSH" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+chsh \- cambia la shell di login
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBchsh\fR\ 'u
+\fBchsh\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchsh\fR
+command changes the user login shell\&. This determines the name of the user\*(Aqs initial login command\&. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchsh\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+Il nome della nuova shell di login dell\*(Aqutente\&. Lasciando questo campo vuoto si fa in modo che il sistema selezioni la shell di login predefinita\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If the
+\fB\-s\fR
+option is not selected,
+\fBchsh\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell\&. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one\&. The current shell is displayed between a pair of
+\fI[ ]\fR
+marks\&.
+.SH "NOTA"
+.PP
+The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must be listed in
+/etc/shells, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added\&. An account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell\&. For this reason, placing
+/bin/rsh
+in
+/etc/shells
+is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shells
+.RS 4
+Elenco delle shell di login ammesse\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man1/expiry.1 b/man/it/man1/expiry.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7922ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/expiry.1
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: expiry
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "EXPIRY" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+expiry \- controlla e fa rispettare la scadenza della password
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBexpiry\fR\ 'u
+\fBexpiry\fR \fIopzione\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBexpiry\fR
+command checks (\fB\-c\fR) the current password expiration and forces (\fB\-f\fR) changes when required\&. It is callable as a normal user command\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBexpiry\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR
+.RS 4
+Controlla la scadenza della password dell\*(Aqutente corrente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+Forza un cambio di password se l\*(Aqutente corrente ha una password scaduta\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/it/man1/gpasswd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6d24a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/gpasswd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: gpasswd
+.\"    Author: Rafal Maszkowski
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "GPASSWD" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+gpasswd \- administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBgpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBgpasswd\fR [\fIopzione\fR] \fIgruppo\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+command is used to administer
+/etc/group, and /etc/gshadow\&. Every group can have
+administrators,
+members and a password\&.
+.PP
+System administrators can use the
+\fB\-A\fR
+option to define group administrator(s) and the
+\fB\-M\fR
+option to define members\&. They have all rights of group administrators and members\&.
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+called by
+a group administrator
+with a group name only prompts for the new password of the
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.PP
+If a password is set the members can still use
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1)
+without a password, and non\-members must supply the password\&.
+.SS "Note sulle password di gruppo"
+.PP
+Le password di gruppo rappresentano un intrinseco problema di sicurezza perch\('e pi\(`u di una persona deve conoscerle\&. Ciononostante i gruppi sono uno strumento molto utile per la cooperazione tra vari utenti\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+Except for the
+\fB\-A\fR
+and
+\fB\-M\fR
+options, the options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR
+.RS 4
+Add the
+\fIuser\fR
+to the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the
+\fIuser\fR
+from the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\-password\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the password from the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password will be empty\&. Only group members will be allowed to use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+to join the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-restrict\fR
+.RS 4
+Restrict the access to the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password is set to "!"\&. Only group members with a password will be allowed to use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+to join the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-administrators\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&.
+.RS 4
+Imposta l\*(Aqelenco degli utenti amministratori\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-members\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&.
+.RS 4
+Definisce l\*(Aqelenco dei membri del gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+This tool only operates on the
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow files\&.
+Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man1/groups.1 b/man/it/man1/groups.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..351bd43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/groups.1
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groups
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPS" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+groups \- mostra i nomi dei gruppi correnti
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBgroups\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroups\fR [\fIutente\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroups\fR
+command displays the current group names or ID values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value\&. The optional
+\fIuser\fR
+parameter will display the groups for the named user\&.
+.SH "NOTA"
+.PP
+Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)) will have the information from
+/etc/group
+reported\&. The user must use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+or
+\fBsg\fR
+to change his current real and effective group ID\&.
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man1/id.1 b/man/it/man1/id.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e8b950
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/id.1
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: id
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "ID" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+id \- display current user and group ID names
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBid\fR\ 'u
+\fBid\fR [\-a]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBid\fR
+command displays the current real and effective user and group ID names or values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/passwd
+or
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed without the corresponding name\&. The optional
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag will display the group set on systems which support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3))\&.
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)
diff --git a/man/it/man1/login.1 b/man/it/man1/login.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3a0fff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/login.1
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "LOGIN" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+login \- apre una sessione sul sistema
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] [\fInome\fR] [\fIENV=VAR\fR...]
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] \-f \fInome\fR
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] \-r\ \fIhost\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is used to establish a new session with the system\&. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the
+\fIlogin:\fR
+prompt on the user\*(Aqs terminal\&.
+\fBlogin\fR
+may be special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub\-process\&. When called from a shell,
+\fBlogin\fR
+should be executed as
+\fBexec login\fR
+which will cause the user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of the caller)\&. Attempting to execute
+\fBlogin\fR
+from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message\&.
+.PP
+The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate\&. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password\&. Only a small number of password failures are permitted before
+\fBlogin\fR
+exits and the communications link is severed\&.
+.PP
+If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for a new password before proceeding\&. You will be forced to provide your old password and the new password before continuing\&. Please refer to
+\fBpasswd\fR(1)
+for more information\&.
+.PP
+After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and the presence of mail\&. You may turn off the printing of the system message file,
+/etc/motd, by creating a zero\-length file
+\&.hushlogin
+in your login directory\&. The mail message will be one of "\fIYou have new mail\&.\fR", "\fIYou have mail\&.\fR", or "\fINo Mail\&.\fR" according to the condition of your mailbox\&.
+.PP
+Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the
+/etc/passwd
+file\&. The value for
+\fB$HOME\fR,
+\fB$SHELL\fR,
+\fB$PATH\fR,
+\fB$LOGNAME\fR, and
+\fB$MAIL\fR
+are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry\&. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field\&.
+.PP
+On some installations, the environmental variable
+\fB$TERM\fR
+will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in
+/etc/ttytype\&.
+.PP
+Pu\(`o anche essere eseguito uno script di inizializzazione per il proprio interprete dei comandi\&. Fare riferimento alla relativa sezione di manuale per maggiori informazioni su questa funzione\&.
+.PP
+Un sottosistema di login \(`e indicato dalla presenza del carattere \(Fo*\(Fc all\*(Aqinizio della shell di login\&. La directory home impostata sar\(`a utilizzata come root di un nuovo file system al quale l\*(Aqutente accede\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of
+\fBgetty\fR(8)
+and
+\fBinit\fR(8)
+to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use
+\fBlogin\fR
+from the shell prompt without
+\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR
+.RS 4
+Non effettua l\*(Aqautenticazione, l\*(Aqutente \(`e gi\(`a autenticato
+.sp
+Note: In that case,
+\fIusername\fR
+is mandatory\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR
+.RS 4
+Nome dell\*(Aqhost remoto per questo login\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR
+.RS 4
+Non modifica l\*(Aqambiente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR
+.RS 4
+Attiva il protocollo autologin di rlogin\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR,
+\fB\-h\fR
+and
+\fB\-f\fR
+options are only used when
+\fBlogin\fR
+is invoked by root\&.
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+This version of
+\fBlogin\fR
+has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&.
+.PP
+La posizione dei file \(`e soggetta a differenze in base alla configurazione del sistema\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of
+\fBgetty\fR(8)
+and
+\fBinit\fR(8)
+to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use
+\fBlogin\fR
+from the shell prompt without
+\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&.
+.PP
+As with any program,
+\fBlogin\fR\*(Aqs appearance can be faked\&. If non\-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the machine\&. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/var/run/utmp
+.RS 4
+Elenco delle sessioni attive\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/var/log/wtmp
+.RS 4
+Elenco delle precedenti sessioni di login\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/motd
+.RS 4
+File di sistema con il messaggio del giorno\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/nologin
+.RS 4
+Impedisce l\*(Aqaccesso al sistema per utenti diversi da root\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/ttytype
+.RS 4
+Elenco di tipi di terminale\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+$HOME/\&.hushlogin
+.RS 4
+Impedisce che vengano mostrati i messaggi di sistema\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBmail\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnologin\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBsecuretty\fR(5),
+\fBgetty\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/it/man1/newgrp.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45d7489
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/newgrp.1
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newgrp
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "NEWGRP" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+newgrp \- effettua l\*(Aqaccesso a un nuovo gruppo
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBnewgrp\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewgrp\fR [\-] [\fIgruppo\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+command is used to change the current group ID during a login session\&. If the optional
+\fB\-\fR
+flag is given, the user\*(Aqs environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged\&.
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in
+/etc/passwd
+if no group name is given\&.
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+also tries to add the group to the user groupset\&. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in
+/etc/shadow
+if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in
+/etc/passwd
+otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password\&. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member\&.
+.PP
+If there is an entry for this group in
+/etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in
+/etc/group
+is considered\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsg\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man1/passwd.1 b/man/it/man1/passwd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c7d110
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/passwd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: passwd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "PASSWD" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+passwd \- cambia la password utente
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBpasswd\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command changes passwords for user accounts\&. A normal user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR
+also changes the account or associated password validity period\&.
+.SS "Modifiche delle password"
+.PP
+All\*(Aqutente viene prima chiesta la propria password attuale, se presente\&. Questa password viene cifrata e confrontata con quella memorizzata\&. All\*(Aqutente viene data solo una possibilit\(`a di inserire la password corretta\&. Il super utente salta questo passo in modo da poter modificare password dimenticate\&.
+.PP
+After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time\&. If not,
+\fBpasswd\fR
+refuses to change the password and exits\&.
+.PP
+All\*(Aqutente viene quindi chiesto di inserire la nuova password due volte\&. Le due password sono confrontate e devono essere uguali affinch\('e la password venga accettata\&.
+.PP
+Quindi viene misurata la complessit\(`a della password\&. In linea di massima le password dovrebbero contenere dai 6 agli 8 caratteri, includendovi uno o pi\(`u caratteri da ciascuno dei seguenti insiemi:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+lettere minuscole
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numeri da 0 a 9
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+segni di punteggiatura
+.RE
+.PP
+Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill characters\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR
+will reject any password which is not suitably complex\&.
+.SS "Suggerimenti per password utente"
+.PP
+The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space\&. The legacy
+\fIUNIX\fR
+System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm\&. More recent methods are now recommended (see
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR)\&. The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected\&.
+.PP
+La compromissione di una password avviene normalmente a seguito di incuria nella scelta o nella gestione della password\&. Per questo motivo non si devono utilizzare password che appaiono nei dizionari o che devono essere scritte\&. La password non deve essere uno nome proprio, il numero della patente, la data di nascita o l\*(Aqindirizzo\&. Uno qualunque di questi potrebbe essere indovinato per violare la sicurezza del sistema\&.
+.PP
+You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en\&.wikipedia\&.org/wiki/Password_strength
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+.RS 4
+This option can be used only with
+\fB\-S\fR
+and causes show status for all users\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR
+.RS 4
+Cancella la password utente (la rende vuota)\&. Questo \(`e un metodo veloce per disabilitare la password per l\*(Aqaccount\&. Imposta l\*(Aqaccount indicato come senza password\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expire\fR
+.RS 4
+Fa scadere subito la password dell\*(Aqutente\&. Il che ha l\*(Aqeffetto di forzare un cambio password al successivo accesso da parte dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+This option is used to disable an account after the password has been expired for a number of days\&. After a user account has had an expired password for
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+days, the user may no longer sign on to the account\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-tokens\fR
+.RS 4
+Indica che il cambio password va effettuato solo per i token (password) di autenticazione scaduti\&. L\*(Aqutente vuole mantenere inalterati i token non scaduti\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
+.RS 4
+Blocca la password dell\*(Aqaccount indicato\&. Questa opzione disabilita una password modificandola in modo che non corrisponda a nessun valore cifrato (aggiunge un \(Fo!\(Fc all\*(Aqinizio della password)\&.
+.sp
+Note that this does not disable the account\&. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e\&.g\&. an SSH key)\&. To disable the account, administrators should use
+\fBusermod \-\-expiredate 1\fR
+(this set the account\*(Aqs expire date to Jan 2, 1970)\&.
+.sp
+Gli utenti con password bloccata non la possono cambiare\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
+\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Modalit\(`a silenziosa\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repository\fR\ \&\fIREPOSITORY\fR
+.RS 4
+change password in
+\fIREPOSITORY\fR
+repository
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-status\fR
+.RS 4
+Visualizza le informazioni sullo stato di un account\&. Lo stato consiste di 7 campi\&. Il primo campo \(`e il nome dell\*(Aqutente\&. Il secondo campo indica se l\*(Aqaccount ha una password bloccata (L), non ha password (NP) o ha una password valida (P)\&. Il terzo campo contiene la data di ultima modifica della password\&. I successivi quattro campi sono l\*(Aqet\(`a minima, la massima, il periodo di avviso e quello di inattivit\(`a\&. Queste et\(`a sono espresse in giorni\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
+.RS 4
+Unlock the password of the named account\&. This option re\-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the
+\fB\-l\fR
+option)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The
+\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid\&. After
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR, the password is required to be changed\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+Il controllo della complessit\(`a delle password varia da sistema a sistema\&. All\*(Aqutente \(`e caldamente consigliato si utilizzare una password che ritenga sufficientemente complessa\&.
+.PP
+Gli utenti possono non essere in grado di cambiare la propria password se NIS \(`e abilitato ed essi non sono collegati al server NIS\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+permission denied
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid combination of options
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+unexpected failure, nothing done
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+unexpected failure,
+passwd
+file missing
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+passwd
+file busy, try again
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man1/sg.1 b/man/it/man1/sg.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27348bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/sg.1
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: sg
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "SG" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+sg \- esegue un comando con un diverso ID di gruppo
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBsg\fR\ 'u
+\fBsg\fR [\-] [group\ [\-c\ ]\ command]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsg\fR
+command works similar to
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+but accepts a command\&. The command will be executed with the
+/bin/sh
+shell\&. With most shells you may run
+\fBsg\fR
+from, you need to enclose multi\-word commands in quotes\&. Another difference between
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+and
+\fBsg\fR
+is that some shells treat
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+creates\&. This doesn\*(Aqt happen with
+\fBsg\fR, so upon exit from a
+\fBsg\fR
+command you are returned to your previous group ID\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man1/su.1 b/man/it/man1/su.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d259195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/su.1
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: su
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "SU" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+su \- cambia ID utente o diventa amministratore
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBsu\fR\ 'u
+\fBsu\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] [\fI\-\fR] [\fInome\fR\ [\ \fIargs\fR\ ]]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsu\fR
+command is used to become another user during a login session\&. Invoked without a
+\fBusername\fR,
+\fBsu\fR
+defaults to becoming the superuser\&. The
+\fB\-\fR
+option may be used to provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly\&. The
+\fB\-c\fR
+option may be used to treat the next argument as a command by most shells\&.
+.PP
+Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list\&. You can use the
+\fB\-\-\fR
+argument to stop option parsing\&. The
+\fB\-\fR
+option is special: it is also recognized after
+\fB\-\-\fR, but has to be placed before
+\fBusername\fR\&.
+.PP
+All\*(Aqutente viene quindi chiesta la password, se necessario\&. Una password errata viene segnalata da un messaggio d\*(Aqerrore\&. Viene effettuato il log di tutti i tentativi, siano essi riusciti o meno, al fine di rilevare ogni abuso del sistema\&.
+.PP
+The current environment is passed to the new shell\&. The value of
+\fB$PATH\fR
+is reset to
+/bin:/usr/bin
+for normal users, or
+/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
+for the superuser\&. This may be changed with the
+\fBENV_PATH\fR
+and
+\fBENV_SUPATH\fR
+definitions in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.PP
+Un sottosistema di login \(`e indicato dalla presenza del carattere \(Fo*\(Fc all\*(Aqinizio della shell di login\&. La directory home impostata sar\(`a utilizzata come root di un nuovo file system al quale l\*(Aqutente accede\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBsu\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR\ \&\fICOMMAND\fR
+.RS 4
+Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its
+\fB\-c\fR\&.
+.sp
+The executed command will have no controlling terminal\&. This option cannot be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-\fR, \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR
+.RS 4
+Fornisce un ambiente simile a quello che un utente si attende quando effettua direttamente il login\&.
+.sp
+When
+\fB\-\fR
+is used, it must be specified before any
+\fBusername\fR\&. For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any
+\fBusername\fR\&. The other forms (\fB\-l\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-login\fR) do not have this restriction\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+La shell che verr\(`a invocata\&.
+.sp
+The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first):
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The shell specified with \-\-shell\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
+is used, the shell specified by the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environment variable\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The shell indicated in the
+/etc/passwd
+entry for the target user\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+/bin/sh
+if a shell could not be found by any above method\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+If the target user has a restricted shell (i\&.e\&. the shell field of this user\*(Aqs entry in
+/etc/passwd
+is not listed in
+/etc/shells), then the
+\fB\-\-shell\fR
+option or the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environment variable won\*(Aqt be taken into account, unless
+\fBsu\fR
+is called by root\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
+.RS 4
+Preserve the current environment, except for:
+.PP
+\fB$PATH\fR
+.RS 4
+reset according to the
+/etc/login\&.defs
+options
+\fBENV_PATH\fR
+or
+\fBENV_SUPATH\fR
+(see below);
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB$IFS\fR
+.RS 4
+reset to
+\(Fo<space><tab><newline>\(Fc, if it was set\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless
+\fBsu\fR
+is called by root)\&.
+.sp
+Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following:
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The
+\fB$HOME\fR,
+\fB$SHELL\fR,
+\fB$USER\fR,
+\fB$LOGNAME\fR,
+\fB$PATH\fR, and
+\fB$IFS\fR
+environment variables are reset\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is not used, the environment is copied, except for the variables above\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, the
+\fB$TERM\fR,
+\fB$COLORTERM\fR,
+\fB$DISPLAY\fR, and
+\fB$XAUTHORITY\fR
+environment variables are copied if they were set\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, the
+\fB$TZ\fR,
+\fB$HZ\fR, and
+\fB$MAIL\fR
+environment variables are set according to the
+/etc/login\&.defs
+options
+\fBENV_TZ\fR,
+\fBENV_HZ\fR,
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR, and
+\fBMAIL_FILE\fR
+(see below)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, other environment variables might be set by the
+\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR
+file (see below)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+This version of
+\fBsu\fR
+has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+.PP
+On success,
+\fBsu\fR
+returns the exit value of the command it executed\&.
+.PP
+If this command was terminated by a signal,
+\fBsu\fR
+returns the number of this signal plus 128\&.
+.PP
+If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the command did not terminate in time),
+\fBsu\fR
+returns 255\&.
+.PP
+Some exit values from
+\fBsu\fR
+are independent from the executed command:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success (\fB\-\-help\fR
+only)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+System or authentication failure
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI126\fR
+.RS 4
+The requested command was not found
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI127\fR
+.RS 4
+The requested command could not be executed
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBsg\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man3/getspnam.3 b/man/it/man3/getspnam.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd473da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man3/getspnam.3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man3/shadow.3
diff --git a/man/it/man3/shadow.3 b/man/it/man3/shadow.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7516107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man3/shadow.3
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: shadow
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Chiamate di libreria
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "SHADOW" "3" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Chiamate di libreria"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+shadow, getspnam \- routine per file delle password cifrate
+.SH "SINTASSI"
+.PP
+\fI#include <shadow\&.h>\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *getspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *getspnam(char\fR
+\fI*nome\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIvoid setspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIvoid endspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *fgetspent(FILE\fR
+\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *sgetspent(char\fR
+\fI*cp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIint putspent(struct spwd\fR
+\fI*p,\fR
+\fIFILE\fR
+\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIint lckpwdf();\fR
+.PP
+\fIint ulckpwdf();\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+\fIshadow\fR
+manipulates the contents of the shadow password file,
+/etc/shadow\&. The structure in the
+\fI#include\fR
+file is:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct spwd {
+      char		*sp_namp; /* user login name */
+      char		*sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */
+      long int		sp_lstchg; /* last password change */
+      long int		sp_min; /* days until change allowed\&. */
+      long int		sp_max; /* days before change required */
+      long int		sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */
+      long int		sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */
+      long int		sp_expire; /* date when account expires */
+      unsigned long int	sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */
+}
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Ciascun campo significa:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_namp \- puntatore a una stringa null\-terminated che contiene il nome utente\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_pwdp \- puntatore a una stringa null\-terminated che contiene la password\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_lstchg \- giorni trascorsi dal 1 gennaio 1970 al momento in cui la password \(`e stata cambiata l\*(Aqultima volta\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_min \- giorni prima dei quali la password non pu\(`o essere cambiata\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_max \- giorni dopo i quali la password deve essere cambiata\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_warn \- giorni prima della scadenza della password in cui l\*(Aqutente viene avvertito\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_inact \- giorni dopo la scadenza della password dopo i quali l\*(Aqaccount viene considerato inattivo e disabilitato\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_expire \- giorni a partire dal 1 gennaio 1970 dopo i quali l\*(Aqaccount viene disabilitato\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_flag \- riservato per uso futuro\&.
+.RE
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+\fIgetspent\fR,
+\fIgetspname\fR,
+\fIfgetspent\fR, and
+\fIsgetspent\fR
+each return a pointer to a
+\fIstruct spwd\fR\&.
+\fIgetspent\fR
+returns the next entry from the file, and
+\fIfgetspent\fR
+returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format\&.
+\fIsgetspent\fR
+returns a pointer to a
+\fIstruct spwd\fR
+using the provided string as input\&.
+\fIgetspnam\fR
+searches from the current position in the file for an entry matching
+\fIname\fR\&.
+.PP
+\fIsetspent\fR
+and
+\fIendspent\fR
+may be used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+and
+\fIulckpwdf\fR
+routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the
+/etc/shadow
+file\&.
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+attempts to acquire a lock using
+\fIpw_lock\fR
+for up to 15 seconds\&. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using
+\fIspw_lock\fR
+for the remainder of the initial 15 seconds\&. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds,
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+returns \-1\&. When both locks are acquired 0 is returned\&.
+.SH "DIAGNOSTICA"
+.PP
+Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing\&. Routines which have
+\fIint\fR
+as the return value return 0 for success and \-1 for failure\&.
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+Queste funzioni possono essere usate solo dall\*(Aqamministratore, perch\('e l\*(Aqaccesso al file delle password shadow \(`e riservato\&.
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBgetpwent\fR(3),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man5/faillog.5 b/man/it/man5/faillog.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3da2352
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man5/faillog.5
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual:  File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "FAILLOG" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuratio"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+faillog \- file di log degli accessi falliti
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account\&.
+.PP
+Questo file \(`e composto da record di lunghezza fissa, indicizzati dal valore numerico di UID\&. Ciascun record contiene il conteggio degli accessi falliti a partire dall\*(Aqultimo login corretto, il numero massimo di tentativi permessi prima che l\*(Aqaccount venga disabilitato, il terminale sul quale l\*(Aqultimo tentativo fallito \(`e avvenuto, la data in cui \(`e avvenuto, e infine il periodo (in secondi) durante il quale l\*(Aqaccount verr\(`a bloccato a seguito di un fallimento\&.
+.PP
+La struttura del file \(`e la seguente:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct	faillog {
+	short   fail_cnt;
+	short   fail_max;
+	char    fail_line[12];
+	time_t  fail_time;
+	long    fail_locktime;
+};
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+File per tracciare gli accessi falliti\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR(8)
diff --git a/man/it/man5/gshadow.5 b/man/it/man5/gshadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8cf154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man5/gshadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: gshadow
+.\"    Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "GSHADOW" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+gshadow \- file shadow per i gruppi
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+contains the shadowed information for group accounts\&.
+.PP
+Questo file non deve essere leggibile dagli utenti normali se si vuole mantenere la sicurezza sulle password\&.
+.PP
+Ogni riga di questo file contiene questi campi separati da due punti:
+.PP
+\fBnome del gruppo\fR
+.RS 4
+Deve essere un nome di gruppo valido, che esista nel sistema\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBpassword cifrata\fR
+.RS 4
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.sp
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)\&.
+.sp
+The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1))\&.
+.sp
+Questo campo pu\(`o essere vuoto, nel qual caso solo i membri del gruppo possono ottenere i permessi del gruppo\&.
+.sp
+A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&.
+.sp
+This password supersedes any password specified in
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBamministratori\fR
+.RS 4
+Deve essere una lista di nomi utente separati da virgole\&.
+.sp
+Gli amministratori possono cambiare la password o i membri del gruppo\&.
+.sp
+Gli amministratori hanno anche gli stessi permessi dei membri (vedere sotto),
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBmembri\fR
+.RS 4
+Deve essere una lista di nomi utente separati da virgole\&.
+.sp
+I membri possono accedere al gruppo senza che ne sia richiesta la password\&.
+.sp
+You should use the same list of users as in
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBgrpconv\fR(8),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man5/limits.5 b/man/it/man5/limits.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02fa5e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man5/limits.5
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: limits
+.\"    Author: Luca Berra
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "LIMITS" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+limits \- definizione dei limiti di risorsa
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fIlimits\fR
+file (/etc/limits
+by default or LIMITS_FILE defined
+config\&.h) describes the resource limits you wish to impose\&. It should be owned by root and readable by root account only\&.
+.PP
+In maniera predefinita non c\*(Aq\(`e nessun limite alla quota di \(Foroot\(Fc\&. In effetti non c\*(Aq\(`e nessun modo per imporre una quota massima tramite questa procedura agli account equivalenti a root (cio\(`e tutti quelli con UID 0)\&.
+.PP
+Ogni riga descrive un limite per l\*(Aqutente in questo formato:
+.PP
+\fIutente TESTO_LIMITE\fR
+.PP
+oppure nel formato:
+.PP
+\fI@gruppo TESTO_LIMITE\fR
+.PP
+The
+\fILIMITS_STRING\fR
+is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits\&. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit\&.
+.PP
+Gli identificatori validi sono:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+A: spazio massimo di indirizzamento (kB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+C: dimensione massima dei file \(Focore\(Fc (kB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+D: spazio massimo per i dati (kB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+F: maximum file size (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+K: file creation mask, set by
+\fBumask\fR(2)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+I: massimo valore di \(Fonice\(Fc (0\&.\&.39 che viene tradotto in 20\&.\&.\-19)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+L: massimo numero di accessi per questo utente
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+M: massima quantit\(`a di memoria bloccata (della quale non si pu\(`o fare \(Foswap\(Fc) (kB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+N: numero massimo di file aperti
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+O: massima priorit\(`a \(Foreal time\(Fc
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+P: process priority, set by
+\fBsetpriority\fR(2)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+R: massimo \(Foresident set size\(Fc (kB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+S: dimensione massima della pila (kB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+T: quantit\(`a massima di tempo CPU (MIN)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+U: massimo numero di processi
+.RE
+.PP
+For example,
+\fIL2D2048N5\fR
+is a valid
+\fILIMITS_STRING\fR\&. For reading convenience, the following entries are equivalent:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      username L2D2048N5
+      username L2 D2048 N5
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Be aware that after
+\fIusername\fR
+the rest of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed\&. An invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the
+\fBlogin\fR
+program\&.
+.PP
+The default entry is denoted by username "\fI*\fR"\&. If you have multiple
+\fIdefault\fR
+entries in your
+\fILIMITS_FILE\fR, then the last one will be used as the default entry\&.
+.PP
+The limits specified in the form "\fI@group\fR" apply to the members of the specified
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.PP
+If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for this user will be considered\&.
+.PP
+If no lines are specified for a user, the last
+\fI@group\fR
+line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the user\&.
+.PP
+To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" will do\&.
+.PP
+To disable a limit for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit\&.
+.PP
+Notare inoltre che tutte queste impostazioni sono effettuate ad ogni accesso\&. Non si tratta di impostazioni globali n\('e permanenti\&. Forse limiti globali saranno possibili in futuro, ma per ora devono bastare questi ;)
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/limits
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsetpriority\fR(2),
+\fBsetrlimit\fR(2)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man5/login.access.5 b/man/it/man5/login.access.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c6d858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man5/login.access.5
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login.access
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "LOGIN\&.ACCESS" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+login.access \- tabella di controllo accessi
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fIlogin\&.access\fR
+file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused\&.
+.PP
+When someone logs in, the
+\fIlogin\&.access\fR
+is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non\-networked logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination\&. The permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be accepted or refused\&.
+.PP
+Ogni riga della tabella di controllo degli accessi ha tre campi separati dal carattere \(Fo:\(Fc:
+.PP
+\fIpermission\fR:\fIusers\fR:\fIorigins\fR
+.PP
+The first field should be a "\fI+\fR" (access granted) or "\fI\-\fR" (access denied) character\&. The second field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or
+\fIALL\fR
+(always matches)\&. The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non\-networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with "\&."), host addresses, internet network numbers (end with "\&."),
+\fIALL\fR
+(always matches) or
+\fILOCAL\fR
+(matches any string that does not contain a "\&." character)\&. If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user patterns\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fIEXCEPT\fR
+operator makes it possible to write very compact rules\&.
+.PP
+La ricerca nel file dei gruppi avviene solo quando il nome non corrisponde a quello dell\*(Aqutente che accede\&. I gruppi che possono corrispondere sono solo quelli nei quali l\*(Aqutente \(`e esplicitamente elencato: il programma non controlla l\*(Aqid del gruppo primario dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man5/login.defs.5 b/man/it/man5/login.defs.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e75949f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man5/login.defs.5
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login.defs
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "LOGIN\&.DEFS" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+login.defs \- configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+/etc/login\&.defs
+file defines the site\-specific configuration for the shadow password suite\&. This file is required\&. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation\&.
+.PP
+Questo file \(`e un file di testo leggibile nel quale ogni riga descrive un parametro di configurazione\&. Le righe consistono di una coppia nome valore separati da spazi\&. Le righe vuote e di commento sono ignorate\&. I commenti iniziano con con il simbolo "#" che deve essere il primo carattere diverso da spazio della riga\&.
+.PP
+Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long numbers\&. A string is comprised of any printable characters\&. A boolean should be either the value
+\fIyes\fR
+or
+\fIno\fR\&. An undefined boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a
+\fIno\fR
+value\&. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, octal values (precede the value with
+\fI0\fR) or hexadecimal values (precede the value with
+\fI0x\fR)\&. The maximum value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine\-dependent\&.
+.PP
+Sono forniti i seguenti parametri di configurazione:
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR,
+\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR
+and
+\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR
+are only used at the time of account creation\&. Any changes to these settings won\*(Aqt affect existing accounts\&.
+.SH "RIFERIMENTI INCROCIATI"
+.PP
+I seguenti riferimenti incrociati mostrano quali programmi del pacchetto shadow password utilizzano quali parametri\&.
+.PP
+chfn
+.RS 4
+CHFN_AUTH
+CHFN_RESTRICT
+LOGIN_STRING
+.RE
+.PP
+chgpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+chpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+chsh
+.RS 4
+CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING
+.RE
+.PP
+gpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+groupadd
+.RS 4
+GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN
+.RE
+.PP
+groupdel
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+groupmems
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+groupmod
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpck
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpconv
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpunconv
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+lastlog
+.RS 4
+LASTLOG_UID_MAX
+.RE
+.PP
+login
+.RS 4
+CONSOLE
+CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
+ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE
+ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY
+FAILLOG_ENAB
+FAKE_SHELL
+FTMP_FILE
+HUSHLOGIN_FILE
+ISSUE_FILE
+KILLCHAR
+LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX
+LOGIN_RETRIES
+LOGIN_STRING
+LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB
+MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB
+TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE
+ULIMIT UMASK
+USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+newgrp / sg
+.RS 4
+SYSLOG_SG_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+newusers
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK
+.RE
+.PP
+passwd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+pwck
+.RS 4
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+.RE
+.PP
+pwconv
+.RS 4
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+.RE
+.PP
+su
+.RS 4
+CONSOLE
+CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
+ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE
+ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH
+ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB
+SULOG_FILE SU_NAME
+SU_WHEEL_ONLY
+SYSLOG_SU_ENAB
+USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+sulogin
+.RS 4
+ENV_HZ
+ENV_TZ
+.RE
+.PP
+useradd
+.RS 4
+CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK
+.RE
+.PP
+userdel
+.RS 4
+MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+usermod
+.RS 4
+LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBpam\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man5/passwd.5 b/man/it/man5/passwd.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7e21d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man5/passwd.5
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: passwd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "PASSWD" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+passwd \- il file delle password
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (\(Fo:\(Fc)\&. These fields are:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+nome di login
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+password cifrata opzionale
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+ID utente numerico
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+ID gruppo numerico
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+nome utente o commento
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+directory home utente
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+interprete dei comandi utente opzionale
+.RE
+.PP
+If the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field is a lower\-case
+\(Fox\(Fc, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the
+\fBshadow\fR(5)
+file instead; there
+\fImust\fR
+be a corresponding line in the
+/etc/shadow
+file, or else the user account is invalid\&.
+.PP
+The encrypted
+\fIpassword\fR
+field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
+/etc/passwd
+file may decide not to permit
+\fIany\fR
+access at all if the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field is blank\&.
+.PP
+A
+\fIpassword\fR
+field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field before the password was locked\&.
+.PP
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.PP
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
+.PP
+The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system utilities, such as
+\fBfinger\fR(1)\&. The use of an ampersand here will be replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed by such system utilities\&.
+.PP
+The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory\&. The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program uses this information to set the value of the
+\fB$HOME\fR
+environmental variable\&.
+.PP
+The command interpreter field provides the name of the user\*(Aqs command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute\&. The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program uses this information to set the value of the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environmental variable\&. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value
+/bin/sh\&.
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+file opzionale delle password cifrate
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd\-
+.RS 4
+Copia di backup di /etc/passwd\&.
+.sp
+Notare che questo file viene usato dagli strumenti del pacchetto shadow, ma non da tutti gli strumenti per la gestione di utenti e password\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgetent\fR(1),
+\fBgetpwnam\fR(3),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBpwconv\fR(8),
+\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man5/porttime.5 b/man/it/man5/porttime.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..103f944
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man5/porttime.5
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: porttime
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "PORTTIME" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+porttime \- file delle porte e degli orari d\*(Aqaccesso
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+\fIporttime\fR
+contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted login times\&.
+.PP
+Ciascuna voce \(`e composta da tre campi separati da due punti\&. Il primo \(`e un elenco di device tty, separati da virgole, oppure un asterisco per indicare che la voce corrisponde a qualsiasi device\&. Il secondo campo \(`e un elenco di nomi utente, separati da virgole, oppure un asterisco per indicare che la voce corrisponde ad ogni utente\&. Il terzo campo \(`e un elenco degli orari, separati da virgole, in cui \(`e consentito l\*(Aqaccesso\&.
+.PP
+Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, abbreviated
+\fISu\fR,
+\fIMo\fR,
+\fITu\fR,
+\fIWe\fR,
+\fITh\fR,
+\fIFr\fR, and
+\fISa\fR, followed by a pair of times separated by a hyphen\&. The abbreviation
+\fIWk\fR
+may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and
+\fIAl\fR
+may be used to indicate every day\&. If no days are given,
+\fIAl\fR
+is assumed\&.
+.SH "ESEMPI"
+.PP
+The following entry allows access to user
+\fBjfh\fR
+on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm\&.
+.PP
+*:jfh:Wk0900\-1700
+.PP
+The following entries allow access only to the users
+\fIroot\fR
+and
+\fIoper\fR
+on
+/dev/console
+at any time\&. This illustrates how the
+/etc/porttime
+file is an ordered list of access times\&. Any other user would match the second entry which does not permit access at any time\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      console:root,oper:Al0000\-2400
+      console:*:
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+The following entry allows access for the user
+\fIgames\fR
+on any port during non\-working hours\&.
+.PP
+*:games:Wk1700\-0900,SaSu0000\-2400
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+File contenente gli accessi alle porte\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man5/shadow.5 b/man/it/man5/shadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bff6caa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man5/shadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: shadow
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "SHADOW" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+shadow \- file delle password shadow
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+shadow
+is a file which contains the password information for the system\*(Aqs accounts and optional aging information\&.
+.PP
+Questo file non deve essere leggibile dagli utenti normali se si vuole mantenere la sicurezza sulle password\&.
+.PP
+Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (\(Fo:\(Fc), in the following order:
+.PP
+\fBnome di login\fR
+.RS 4
+Deve essere un nome valido di un account esistente nel sistema\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBpassword cifrata\fR
+.RS 4
+This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
+/etc/shadow
+file may decide not to permit any access at all if the password field is empty\&.
+.sp
+A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&.
+.sp
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.sp
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBdata dell\*(Aqultimo cambio di password\fR
+.RS 4
+The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&.
+.sp
+The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her password the next time she will log in the system\&.
+.sp
+Un campo vuoto implica che la scadenza della password \(`e disabilitata\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBet\(`a minima password\fR
+.RS 4
+L\*(Aqet\(`a minima password \(`e il numero di giorni che l\*(Aqutente dovr\(`a attendere prima di poter cambiare nuovamente la propria password\&.
+.sp
+An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBet\(`a massima password\fR
+.RS 4
+L\*(Aqet\(`a massima password \(`e il numero di giorni dopo il quale l\*(Aqutente deve cambiare la propria password\&.
+.sp
+Quando questo numero di giorni \(`e passato, la password pu\(`o ancora essere valida\&. All\*(Aqutente verr\(`a chiesto di cambiare la password durante il successivo accesso\&.
+.sp
+Un campo vuoto indica che non ci sono una et\(`a massima password, un periodo di avviso e nessun periodo di inattivit\(`a (vedere oltre)\&.
+.sp
+Se l\*(Aqet\(`a massima password \(`e minore dell\*(Aqet\(`a minima password, l\*(Aqutente non pu\(`o cambiare la propria password\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBperiodo avviso password\fR
+.RS 4
+Il numero di giorni prima della scadenza di una password (vedere et\(`a massima password, sopra) durante il quale l\*(Aqutente riceve un avviso\&.
+.sp
+Un campo vuoto e il valore 0 indicano che non c\*(Aq\(`e un periodo di avviso password\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBperiodo inattivit\(`a password\fR
+.RS 4
+Il numero di giorni dopo la scadenza della password (vedere et\(`a massima password, sopra) durante il quale la password \(`e ancora accettata (e l\*(Aqutente dovrebbe aggiornare la propria password al primo accesso)\&.
+.sp
+After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no login is possible for the user\&. The user should contact her administrator\&.
+.sp
+Un campo vuoto implica che non \(`e applicato il periodo di inattivit\(`a\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBdata scadenza account\fR
+.RS 4
+The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&.
+.sp
+Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration\&. In case of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login\&. In case of a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password\&.
+.sp
+Un campo vuoto implica che l\*(Aqaccount non scade mai\&.
+.sp
+Il valore 0 non andrebbe usato perch\('e potrebbe essere interpretato come account che non scade o come scaduto il 1 gennaio 1970\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBcampo riservato\fR
+.RS 4
+Questo campo \(`e riservato per uso futuro\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-
+.RS 4
+Copia di backup per /etc/shadow\&.
+.sp
+Notare che questo file viene usato dagli strumenti del pacchetto shadow, ma non da tutti gli strumenti per la gestione di utenti e password\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchage\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBpwconv\fR(8),
+\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man5/suauth.5 b/man/it/man5/suauth.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9740c69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man5/suauth.5
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: suauth
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "SUAUTH" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+suauth \- file di controllo dettagliato per \(Fosu\(Fc
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fB/etc/suauth\fR\ 'u
+\fB/etc/suauth\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The file
+/etc/suauth
+is referenced whenever the su command is called\&. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      1) the user su is targeting
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+2) l\*(Aqutente che sta invocando \(Fosu\(Fc (o qualsiasi gruppo del quale questi faccia parte)
+.PP
+Il formato del file \(`e il seguente, con le righe che iniziano con \(Fo#\(Fc trattate come commenti e ignorate;
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      to\-id:from\-id:ACTION
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Where to\-id is either the word
+\fIALL\fR, a list of usernames delimited by "," or the words
+\fIALL EXCEPT\fR
+followed by a list of usernames delimited by ","\&.
+.PP
+from\-id is formatted the same as to\-id except the extra word
+\fIGROUP\fR
+is recognized\&.
+\fIALL EXCEPT GROUP\fR
+is perfectly valid too\&. Following
+\fIGROUP\fR
+appears one or more group names, delimited by ","\&. It is not sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in
+\fB/etc/group\fR(5)
+is necessary\&.
+.PP
+AZIONE pu\(`o essere una delle seguenti opzioni attualmente supportate\&.
+.PP
+\fIDENY\fR
+.RS 4
+Il tentativo di usare \(Fosu\(Fc viene bloccato prima ancora che la password sia chiesta\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fINOPASS\fR
+.RS 4
+Il tentativo di usare \(Fosu\(Fc ha successo senza neppure chiedere la password\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIOWNPASS\fR
+.RS 4
+Perch\('e \(Fosu\(Fc abbia successo, l\*(Aqutente deve inserire la propria password che verr\(`a espressamente richiesta\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Notare che ci sono tre campi diversi separati da \(Fo:\(Fc\&. Nessuno spazio deve affiancare i due punti\&. Notare anche che il file viene esaminato in maniera sequenziale una riga alla volta, e la prima regola applicabile viene utilizzata senza procede con la lettura delle successive\&. Questo permette all\*(Aqamministratore di sistema di impostare dei controlli allargati o puntuali, come preferisce\&.
+.SH "ESEMPIO"
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      # sample /etc/suauth file
+      #
+      # A couple of privileged usernames may
+      # su to root with their own password\&.
+      #
+      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS
+      #
+      # Anyone else may not su to root unless in
+      # group wheel\&. This is how BSD does things\&.
+      #
+      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY
+      #
+      # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts
+      # owned by the same person\&.
+      # Access can be arranged between them
+      # with no password\&.
+      #
+      terry:birddog:NOPASS
+      birddog:terry:NOPASS
+      #
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/suauth
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.SH "ERRORI"
+.PP
+Ce ne possono essere molti non visti\&. Il parser dei file \(`e particolarmente rigido sugli errori di sintassi, attendendo l\*(Aqassenza di spazi estranei (ad eccezione di inizio e fine riga) e specifici separatori per delimitare oggetti diversi\&.
+.SH "DIAGNOSTICA"
+.PP
+An error parsing the file is reported using
+\fBsyslogd\fR(8)
+as level ERR on facility AUTH\&.
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBsu\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/chgpasswd.8 b/man/it/man8/chgpasswd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e889fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/chgpasswd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chgpasswd
+.\"    Author: Thomas K\(/loczko <kloczek@pld.org.pl>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "CHGPASSWD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+chgpasswd \- aggiorna le password di gruppo in modalit\(`a non interattiva
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBchgpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBchgpasswd\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchgpasswd\fR
+command reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups\&. Each line is of the format:
+.PP
+\fIgroup_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR
+.PP
+By default the supplied password must be in clear\-text, and is encrypted by
+\fBchgpasswd\fR\&.
+.PP
+The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+variable of
+/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the
+\fB\-e\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-c\fR
+options\&.
+.PP
+Questo comando \(`e appositamente pensato per grossi sistemi in cui si abbia la necessit\(`a di creare molti account nello stesso momento\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchgpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
+.RS 4
+Utilizza il metodo specificato per cifrare le password\&.
+.sp
+I metodi disponibili sono DES, MD5, NONE e SHA256 o SHA512 se la propria libc lo consente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
+.RS 4
+Le password fornite sono in forma cifrata\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
+.RS 4
+Usa la cifratura MD5 anzich\('e DES quando le password fornite non sono cifrate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
+.RS 4
+Usa il numero specificato di cicli per cifrare la password\&.
+.sp
+Il valore 0 indica che il sistema utilizzer\(`a il numero predefinito di cicli per il metodo crypt (5000)\&.
+.sp
+I valori minimo di 1\&.000 e massimo di 999\&.999\&.999 sono forzati\&.
+.sp
+Si pu\(`o utilizzare questa opzione solo con i metodi di cifratura SHA256 o SHA512\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+Ricordarsi di impostare i permessi o umask in modo da prevenire la lettura in chiaro da parte di altri utenti\&.
+.PP
+Ci si deve accertare che le password e il metodo di cifratura rispettino le norme delle password del sistema\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/chpasswd.8 b/man/it/man8/chpasswd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbbf955
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/chpasswd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chpasswd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "CHPASSWD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+chpasswd \- aggiorna le password in modo non interattivo
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBchpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBchpasswd\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users\&. Each line is of the format:
+.PP
+\fIuser_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR
+.PP
+By default the passwords must be supplied in clear\-text, and are encrypted by
+\fBchpasswd\fR\&. Also the password age will be updated, if present\&.
+.PP
+The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+or
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variables of
+/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the
+\fB\-e\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-c\fR
+options\&.
+.PP
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user\&.
+.PP
+Questo comando \(`e appositamente pensato per grossi sistemi in cui si abbia la necessit\(`a di creare molti account nello stesso momento\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR\ \&\fIMETHOD\fR
+.RS 4
+Utilizza il metodo specificato per cifrare le password\&.
+.sp
+I metodi disponibili sono DES, MD5, NONE e SHA256 o SHA512 se la propria libc lo consente\&.
+.sp
+By default (if none of the
+\fB\-c\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-e\fR
+options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+or
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variables of
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
+.RS 4
+Le password fornite sono in forma cifrata\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
+.RS 4
+Usa la cifratura MD5 anzich\('e DES quando le password fornite non sono cifrate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR\ \&\fIROUNDS\fR
+.RS 4
+Usa il numero specificato di cicli per cifrare la password\&.
+.sp
+Il valore 0 indica che il sistema utilizzer\(`a il numero predefinito di cicli per il metodo crypt (5000)\&.
+.sp
+I valori minimo di 1\&.000 e massimo di 999\&.999\&.999 sono forzati\&.
+.sp
+Si pu\(`o utilizzare questa opzione solo con i metodi di cifratura SHA256 o SHA512\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+and
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
+variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+Ricordarsi di impostare i permessi o umask in modo da prevenire la lettura in chiaro da parte di altri utenti\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/faillog.8 b/man/it/man8/faillog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6e565d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/faillog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "FAILLOG" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+faillog \- mostra le registrazioni e imposta i limiti degli accessi falliti
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBfaillog\fR\ 'u
+\fBfaillog\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+displays the contents of the failure log database (/var/log/faillog)\&. It can also set the failure counters and limits\&. When
+\fBfaillog\fR
+is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBfaillog\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+.RS 4
+Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the
+faillog
+database\&.
+.sp
+The range of users can be restricted with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&.
+.sp
+Nella modalit\(`a di visualizzazione, questo \(`e gi\(`a ristretto ai soli utenti esistenti, ma vengono mostrate anche eventuali registrazioni vuote\&.
+.sp
+With the
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR,
+\fB\-r\fR,
+\fB\-t\fR
+options, the users\*(Aq records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the system\&. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of users\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\-secs\fR\ \&\fISEC\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock account for
+\fISEC\fR
+seconds after failed login\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-maximum\fR\ \&\fIMAX\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to
+\fIMAX\fR\&.
+.sp
+Selecting a
+\fIMAX\fR
+value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed logins\&.
+.sp
+The maximum failure count should always be 0 for
+\fIroot\fR
+to prevent a denial of services attack against the system\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reset\fR
+.RS 4
+Azzera i contatori degli accessi falliti\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Display faillog records more recent than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR
+.RS 4
+Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used with
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR
+or
+\fB\-r\fR
+options) only for the specified user(s)\&.
+.sp
+The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users\&. This
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+When none of the
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-r\fR
+options are used,
+\fBfaillog\fR
+displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)\&.
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+only prints out users with no successful login since the last failure\&. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+flag, or print out all users with the
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag\&.
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+File per tracciare gli accessi falliti\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBfaillog\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/it/man8/groupadd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0904e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/groupadd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupadd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPADD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+groupadd \- crea un nuovo gruppo
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupadd\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupadd\fR [\fIOPZIONI\fR] \fINEWGROUP\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the groupname\&. Fully numeric groupnames and groupnames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists\&. When used with
+\fB\-g\fR, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i\&.e\&.
+\fB\-g\fR
+is turned off)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+The numerical value of the group\*(Aqs ID\&.
+\fIGID\fR
+must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to
+\fBGID_MIN\fR
+and greater than every other group\&.
+.sp
+See also the
+\fB\-r\fR
+option and the
+\fBGID_MAX\fR
+description\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR
+.RS 4
+Overrides
+/etc/login\&.defs
+defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others)\&. Multiple
+\fB\-K\fR
+options can be specified\&.
+.sp
+Example:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \&
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+.sp
+Note:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+doesn\*(Aqt work yet\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID\&. As a result, for this
+\fIGID\fR, the mapping towards group
+\fINEWGROUP\fR
+may not be unique\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines an initial password for the group account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths system account file
+/etc/group
+or
+/etc/gshadow\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Ci si deve accertare che la password rispetti le norme delle password del sistema\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Crea un gruppo di sistema\&.
+.sp
+The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBGID_MIN\fR\-\fBGID_MAX\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+Non \(`e possibile aggiungere un gruppo NIS o LDAP\&. Questo deve essere fatto sul server corrispondente\&.
+.PP
+If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP,
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+will deny the group creation request\&.
+.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+GID is already used (when called without
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+group name is already used
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/it/man8/groupdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aab0a5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/groupdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPDEL" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+groupdel \- rimuove un gruppo
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupdel\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] \fIGRUPPO\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to
+\fIGROUP\fR\&. The named group must exist\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the group, even if there\*(Aqs some user having the group as the primary one\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+Non si pu\(`o rimuovere un gruppo che sia gruppo primario di un utente\&. Occorre rimuovere l\*(Aqutente prima di rimuovere il gruppo\&.
+.PP
+Occorre controllare manualmente tutti i file system per assicurarsi che non rimanga alcun file avente questo ID di gruppo\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove user\*(Aqs primary group
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/groupmems.8 b/man/it/man8/groupmems.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5371ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/groupmems.8
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmems
+.\"    Author: George Kraft, IV
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPMEMS" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+groupmems \- membri amministratori del gruppo primario dell\*(Aqutente
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmems\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmems\fR \-a\ \fIuser_name\fR | \-d\ \fIuser_name\fR | [\-g\ \fIgroup_name\fR] | \-l | \-p 
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+command allows a user to administer their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges\&. The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i\&.e\&., guest / guest)\&.
+.PP
+Only the superuser, as administrator, can use
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+to alter the memberships of other groups\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a user to the group membership list\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Cancella un utente dall\*(Aqelenco degli utenti del gruppo\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, the user will be removed from the list of members and administrators of the group\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR\ \&\fIgroup_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Il super utente pu\(`o specificare quale elenco di membri del gruppo modificare\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+Elenca tutti i membri del gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-purge\fR
+.RS 4
+Elimina tutti gli utenti dalla lista dei membri del gruppo\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+executable should be in mode
+2710
+as user
+\fIroot\fR
+and in group
+\fIgroups\fR\&. The system administrator can add users to group
+\fIgroups\fR
+to allow or disallow them using the
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+utility to manage their own group membership list\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+	$ groupadd \-r groups
+	$ chmod 2710 groupmems
+	$ chown root\&.groups groupmems
+	$ groupmems \-g groups \-a gk4
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/it/man8/groupmod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8616864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/groupmod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPMOD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+groupmod \- modifica la definizione di un gruppo del sistema
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmod\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmod\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] \fIGRUPPO\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command modifies the definition of the specified
+\fIGROUP\fR
+by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+If group members are specified with \-U, append them to the existing member list, rather than replacing it\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+The group ID of the given
+\fIGROUP\fR
+will be changed to
+\fIGID\fR\&.
+.sp
+The value of
+\fIGID\fR
+must be a non\-negative decimal integer\&. This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&.
+.sp
+Gli utenti che hanno il gruppo come gruppo primario verranno aggiornati per mantenere tale gruppo come loro gruppo primario\&.
+.sp
+Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to
+\fIGROUP\fR, must have their group ID changed manually\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to the
+\fBGID_MIN\fR,
+\fBGID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR, or
+\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-new\-name\fR\ \&\fINEW_GROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the group will be changed from
+\fIGROUP\fR
+to
+\fINEW_GROUP\fR
+name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+When used with the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option, allow to change the group
+\fIGID\fR
+to a non\-unique value\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+The encrypted password, as returned by
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Ci si deve accertare che la password rispetti le norme delle password del sistema\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+E_SUCCESS: success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+E_USAGE: invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GRP_UPDATE: can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI11\fR
+.RS 4
+E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can\*(Aqt setup cleanup service
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_USERNAME: can\*(Aqt determine your username for use with pam
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI13\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/grpck.8 b/man/it/man8/grpck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f28d21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/grpck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: grpck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "GRPCK" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+grpck \- verifica l\*(Aqintegrit\(`a dei file dei gruppi
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBgrpck\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpck\fR [opzioni] [\fIgruppo\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command verifies the integrity of the groups information\&. It checks that all entries in
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&.
+.PP
+Vengono fatti controlli per verificare che ogni voce abbia:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+il corretto numero di campi
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+un nome univoco e valido di gruppo
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid group identifier
+(/etc/group only)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid list of members
+and administrators
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a corresponding entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file (respectively
+/etc/group
+for the
+gshadow
+checks)
+.RE
+.PP
+The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal\&. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command to correct the error\&.
+.PP
+The commands which operate on the
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow files
+are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&.
+\fBgrpck\fR
+should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR
+and
+\fB\-s\fR
+options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Execute the
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command in read\-only mode\&. This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered
+\fIno\fR
+without user intervention\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Sort entries in
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+by GID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-silence\-warnings\fR
+.RS 4
+Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about inconsistency between group members listed in
+/etc/group
+and
+/etc/ghadow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+By default,
+\fBgrpck\fR
+operates on
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the
+\fIgroup\fR
+and \fIshadow\fR parameters\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+one or more bad group entries
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt open group files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt lock group files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group files
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/grpconv.8 b/man/it/man8/grpconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/grpconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/it/man8/grpunconv.8 b/man/it/man8/grpunconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/grpunconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/it/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/it/man8/lastlog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d743e9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/lastlog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: lastlog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "LASTLOG" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+lastlog \- riepiloga gli accessi pi\(`u recenti di tutti gli utenti o dell\*(Aqutente dato
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBlastlog\fR\ 'u
+\fBlastlog\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+\fBlastlog\fR
+formats and prints the contents of the last login log
+/var/log/lastlog
+file\&. The
+\fIlogin\-name\fR,
+\fIport\fR, and
+\fIlast login time\fR
+will be printed\&. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in
+/etc/passwd\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBlastlog\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-before\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Print only lastlog records older than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-clear\fR
+.RS 4
+Clear lastlog record of a user\&. This option can be used only together with
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-set\fR
+.RS 4
+Set lastlog record of a user to the current time\&. This option can be used only together with
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Print the lastlog records more recent than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra il record di ultimo accesso per l\*(Aqutente o gli utenti specificati da
+\fILOGIN\fR\&.
+.sp
+The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users\&. This
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If the user has never logged in the message
+\fI** Never logged in**\fR
+will be displayed instead of the port and time\&.
+.PP
+Solo le registrazioni degli utenti correnti del sistema verranno mostrate\&. Ci potrebbero essere altre registrazioni per utenti cancellati in precedenza\&.
+.SH "NOTA"
+.PP
+The
+lastlog
+file is a database which contains info on the last login of each user\&. You should not rotate it\&. It is a sparse file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by "\fBls \-l\fR" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in
+passwd
+users with a high UID)\&. You can display its real size with "\fBls \-s\fR"\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/var/log/lastlog
+.RS 4
+Database degli orari dei precedenti accessi utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+Se ci sono dei grossi scarti tra i valori di UID, il programma lastlog pu\(`o restare in esecuzione per un tempo prolungato senza produrre output sullo schermo (ad es\&. se nel database lastlog non ci sono registrazioni per UID tra 170 e 800, il programma sembrer\(`a bloccato mentre esamina gli UID tra 171 e 799)\&.
+.PP
+Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the
+<term> /var/log/lastlog</term>
+with external tools\&. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by default and may require a specific option to handle them\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/it/man8/logoutd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a923e96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/logoutd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: logoutd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "LOGOUTD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+logoutd \- impone le limitazioni sugli orari d\*(Aqaccesso
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBlogoutd\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in
+/etc/porttime\&.
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+should be started from
+/etc/rc\&. The
+/var/run/utmp
+file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time\&. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in
+/etc/porttime
+is terminated\&.
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+File contenente gli accessi alle porte\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/var/run/utmp
+.RS 4
+Elenco delle sessioni attive\&.
+.RE
diff --git a/man/it/man8/newusers.8 b/man/it/man8/newusers.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ed541d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/newusers.8
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newusers
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "NEWUSERS" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+newusers \- aggiorna e crea nuovi utenti in blocco
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBnewusers\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewusers\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] [\fIfile\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewusers\fR
+command reads a
+\fIfile\fR
+(or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users\&. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)) with the exceptions explained below:
+.PP
+pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell
+.PP
+\fIpw_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Il nome dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.sp
+It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR)\&. In case of an existing user, the user\*(Aqs information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_passwd\fR
+.RS 4
+Questo campo verr\(`a cifrato e utilizzato come nuovo valore per la password cifrata\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_uid\fR
+.RS 4
+Definisce l\*(AqUID dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.sp
+If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+Se questo campo contiene un numero, verr\(`a utilizzato come UID\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), the UID of the specified user will be used\&.
+.sp
+Se viene cambiato l\*(AqUID di un utente esistente, la propriet\(`a dei file di propriet\(`a dell\*(Aqutente stesso andr\(`a cambiata manualmente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_gid\fR
+.RS 4
+Definisce il l\*(AqID del gruppo primario dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user\&.
+.sp
+Se questo campo \(`e numerico, questo numero verr\(`a utilizzato come ID del gruppo primario dell\*(Aqutente\&. Se non esiste nessun gruppo con quel GID, ne viene creato uno con il nome dell\*(Aqutente e il GID specificato\&.
+.sp
+If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by
+\fBnewusers\fR
+to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by
+\fBnewusers\fR
+to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_gecos\fR
+.RS 4
+Questo campo viene copiato nel campo GECOS dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_dir\fR
+.RS 4
+Questo campo \(`e utilizzato per impostare la directory home dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.sp
+If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or updated and its primary group\&. Note that
+\fInewusers does not create parent directories \fR
+of the new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr informing the user of the failure\&. The newusers command will not halt or return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified\&.
+.sp
+If the home directory of an existing user is changed,
+\fBnewusers\fR
+does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location\&. This should be done manually\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_shell\fR
+.RS 4
+Questo campo definisce la shell dell\*(Aqutente\&. Su questo campo non viene fatto nessun controllo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBnewusers\fR
+first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases\&. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases\&.
+.PP
+Questo comando \(`e appositamente pensato per grossi sistemi nei quali molti account sono aggiornati allo stesso tempo\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBnewusers\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
+.RS 4
+Utilizza il metodo specificato per cifrare le password\&.
+.sp
+I metodi disponibili sono DES, MD5, NONE e SHA256 o SHA512 se la propria libc lo consente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Crea un account di sistema\&.
+.sp
+System users will be created with no aging information in
+/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
+(and their
+\fBGID\fR
+counterparts for the creation of groups)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
+.RS 4
+Usa il numero specificato di cicli per cifrare la password\&.
+.sp
+Il valore 0 indica che il sistema utilizzer\(`a il numero predefinito di cicli per il metodo crypt (5000)\&.
+.sp
+I valori minimo di 1\&.000 e massimo di 999\&.999\&.999 sono forzati\&.
+.sp
+Si pu\(`o utilizzare questa opzione solo con i metodi di cifratura SHA256 o SHA512\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+Il file di input deve essere protetto poich\('e contiene password non cifrate\&.
+.PP
+Ci si deve accertare che le password e il metodo di cifratura rispettino le norme delle password del sistema\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+
+
+
+
+
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/nologin.8 b/man/it/man8/nologin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47bcec0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/nologin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: nologin
+.\"    Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "NOLOGIN" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+nologin \- rifiuta gentilmente l\*(Aqaccesso
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBnologin\fR\ 'u
+\fBnologin\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnologin\fR
+command displays a message that an account is not available and exits non\-zero\&. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled\&.
+.PP
+To disable all logins, investigate
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBSSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND\fR
+is populated it will be logged\&.
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.SH "CRONOLOGIA"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnologin\fR
+command appeared in BSD 4\&.4\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/pwck.8 b/man/it/man8/pwck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eaff15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/pwck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: pwck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "PWCK" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+pwck \- verify the integrity of password files
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBpwck\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwck\fR [opzioni] [\fIPASSWORDFILE\fR\ [\ \fISHADOWFILE\fR\ ]]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwck\fR
+command verifies the integrity of the users and authentication information\&. It checks that all entries in
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow
+have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&.
+.PP
+Vengono fatti controlli per verificare che ogni voce abbia:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+il corretto numero di campi
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+un nome utente univoco e valido
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+identificatori validi dell\*(Aqutente e del gruppo
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+un gruppo primario valido
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+una home directory valida
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+una shell di login valida
+.RE
+.PP
+Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file parameter
+\fISHADOWFILE\fR
+is specified or when
+/etc/shadow
+exists on the system\&.
+.PP
+Le verifiche sono le seguenti:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+ogni elemento del file passwd deve avere un corrispondente elemento in shadow, e viceversa
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+le password sono specificate nel file shadow
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+gli elementi di shadow hanno il corretto numero di campi
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+gli elementi di shadow sono unici
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+le date di ultima modifica non sono nel futuro
+.RE
+.PP
+The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal\&. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the
+\fBusermod\fR
+command to correct the error\&.
+.PP
+The commands which operate on the
+/etc/passwd
+file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&.
+\fBpwck\fR
+should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR
+and
+\fB\-s\fR
+options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpwck\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Riporta solo gli errori\&. Gli avvisi che non richiedono azioni da parte dell\*(Aqutente non sono mostrati\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Execute the
+\fBpwck\fR
+command in read\-only mode\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Sort entries in
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow
+by UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+By default,
+\fBpwck\fR
+operates on the files
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and
+\fIshadow\fR
+parameters\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwck\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+one or more bad password entries
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt open password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt lock password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt sort password files
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/pwconv.8 b/man/it/man8/pwconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d648856
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/pwconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: pwconv
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "PWCONV" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv \- convertono a e da password e gruppi shadow\&.
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBpwconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwconv\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBpwunconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwunconv\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBgrpconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpconv\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBgrpunconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpunconv\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIshadow\fR
+from
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and an optionally existing
+\fIshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwunconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIpasswd\fR
+from
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and
+\fIshadow\fR
+and then removes
+\fIshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIgshadow\fR
+from
+\fIgroup\fR
+and an optionally existing
+\fIgshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIgroup\fR
+from
+\fIgroup\fR
+and
+\fIgshadow\fR
+and then removes
+\fIgshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files:
+/etc/passwd,
+/etc/group,
+/etc/shadow, and
+/etc/gshadow\&.
+.PP
+Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion\&.
+\fBpwconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+are similar\&. First, entries in the shadowed file which don\*(Aqt exist in the main file are removed\&. Then, shadowed entries which don\*(Aqt have `x\*(Aq as the password in the main file are updated\&. Any missing shadowed entries are added\&. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x\*(Aq\&. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand\&.
+.PP
+\fBpwconv\fR
+will use the values of
+\fIPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR,
+\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, and
+\fIPASS_WARN_AGE\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs
+when adding new entries to
+/etc/shadow\&.
+.PP
+Likewise
+\fBpwunconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+are similar\&. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file\&. Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone\&. Finally, the shadowed file is removed\&. Some password aging information is lost by
+\fBpwunconv\fR\&. It will convert what it can\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpwconv\fR,
+\fBpwunconv\fR,
+\fBgrpconv\fR, and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+commands are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ERRORI"
+.PP
+Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways\&. Please run
+\fBpwck\fR
+and
+\fBgrpck\fR
+to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+changes the behavior of
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR:
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of
+\fBpwconv\fR:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/pwunconv.8 b/man/it/man8/pwunconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/pwunconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/it/man8/sulogin.8 b/man/it/man8/sulogin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce28661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/sulogin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: sulogin
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "SULOGIN" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+sulogin \- Single\-user login
+.SH "SINTASSI"
+.PP
+\fBsulogin\fR
+[\fItty\-device\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsulogin\fR
+command is invoked by
+\fBinit\fR
+prior to allowing the user access to the system when in single user mode\&. This feature may only be available on certain systems where
+\fBinit\fR
+has been modified accordingly, or where the
+/etc/inittab
+has an entry for a single user login\&.
+.PP
+The user is prompted
+.PP
+Type control\-d to proceed with normal startup,
+(or give root password for system maintenance):
+.PP
+Input and output will be performed with the standard file descriptors unless the optional device name argument is provided\&.
+.PP
+If the user enters the correct root password, a login session is initiated\&. When
+\fIEOF\fR
+is pressed instead, the system enters multi\-user mode\&.
+.PP
+After the user exits the single\-user shell, or presses
+\fIEOF\fR, the system begins the initialization process required to enter multi\-user mode\&.
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+This command can only be used if
+\fBinit\fR
+has been modified to call
+\fBsulogin\fR
+instead of
+/bin/sh, or if the user has set the
+\fIinittab\fR
+to support a single user login\&. For example, the line:
+.PP
+co:s:respawn:/etc/sulogin /dev/console
+.PP
+should execute the sulogin command in single user mode\&.
+.PP
+As complete an environment as possible is created\&. However, various devices may be unmounted or uninitialized and many of the user commands may be unavailable or nonfunctional as a result\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1),
+\fBinit\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/useradd.8 b/man/it/man8/useradd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdf759e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/useradd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: useradd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "USERADD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+useradd \- crea un nuovo utente o aggiorna le informazioni predefinite per i nuovi utenti
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] \fILOGIN\fR
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR \-D
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR \-D [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+When invoked without the
+\fB\-D\fR
+option, the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. Depending on command line options, the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command will update system files and may also create the new user\*(Aqs home directory and copy initial files\&.
+.PP
+By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR,
+\fB\-U\fR, and
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR)\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The default base directory for the system if
+\fB\-d\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+is not specified\&.
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the base directory specified by the
+\fBHOME\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or
+/home
+by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR
+.RS 4
+Any text string\&. It is generally a short description of the account, and is currently used as the field for the user\*(Aqs full name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\-dir\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The new user will be created using
+\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+as the value for the user\*(Aqs login directory\&. The default is to append the
+\fILOGIN\fR
+name to
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+and use that as the login directory name\&. If the directory
+\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+does not exist, then it will be created unless the
+\fB\-M\fR
+option is specified\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-defaults\fR
+.RS 4
+Vedere oltre, la sezione \(FoCambiare i valori predefiniti\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format
+\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&.
+.sp
+If not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the default expiry date specified by the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string (no expiry) by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. The value is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&.
+.sp
+If not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the default inactivity period specified by the
+\fBINACTIVE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or \-1 by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subids\-for\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Update
+/etc/subuid
+and
+/etc/subgid
+even when creating a system account with
+\fB\-r\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name or the number of the user\*(Aqs primary group\&. The group name must exist\&. A group number must refer to an already existing group\&.
+.sp
+If not specified, the behavior of
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will depend on the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&. If this variable is set to
+\fIyes\fR
+(or
+\fB\-U/\-\-user\-group\fR
+is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname\&. If the variable is set to
+\fIno\fR
+(or
+\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR
+is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or 1000 by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]]
+.RS 4
+A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option\&. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-skel\fR\ \&\fISKEL_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user\*(Aqs home directory, when the home directory is created by
+\fBuseradd\fR\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid if the
+\fB\-m\fR
+(or
+\fB\-\-create\-home\fR) option is specified\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the
+\fBSKEL\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd
+or, by default,
+/etc/skel\&.
+.sp
+Se possibile vengono copiate le ACL e gli attributi estesi\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR
+.RS 4
+Overrides
+/etc/login\&.defs
+defaults (\fBUID_MIN\fR,
+\fBUID_MAX\fR,
+\fBUMASK\fR,
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR
+and others)\&.
+.sp
+Example:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS \fR=\fI\-1\fR
+can be used when creating an account to turn off password aging\&. Multiple
+\fB\-K\fR
+options can be specified, e\&.g\&.:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MIN\fR
+=\fI100\fR\ \&\fB\-K\fR\ \&
+\fIUID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-no\-log\-init\fR
+.RS 4
+Non aggiunge l\*(Aqutente ai database \(Folastlog\(Fc e \(Fofaillog\(Fc\&.
+.sp
+By default, the user\*(Aqs entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will also consult the variable
+\fBLOG_INIT\fR
+in the
+/etc/default/useradd
+if set to no the user will not be added to the lastlog and faillog databases\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-create\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+Create the user\*(Aqs home directory if it does not exist\&. The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with the
+\fB\-k\fR
+option) will be copied to the home directory\&.
+.sp
+By default, if this option is not specified and
+\fBCREATE_HOME\fR
+is not enabled, no home directories are created\&.
+.sp
+The directory where the user\*(Aqs home directory is created must exist and have proper SELinux context and permissions\&. Otherwise the user\*(Aqs home directory cannot be created or accessed\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-no\-create\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+Do not create the user\*(Aqs home directory, even if the system wide setting from
+/etc/login\&.defs
+(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR) is set to
+\fIyes\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-no\-user\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option or by the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines an initial password for the account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&. Within a shell script, this option allows to create efficiently batches of users\&.
+.sp
+Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of
+/etc/shadow\&. This is a state where the user won\*(Aqt be able to access the account or to define a password himself\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fRAvoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Ci si deve accertare che la password rispetti le norme delle password del sistema\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Crea un account di sistema\&.
+.sp
+System users will be created with no aging information in
+/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+/etc/login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
+(and their
+\fBGID\fR
+counterparts for the creation of groups)\&.
+.sp
+Note that
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will not create a home directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR)\&. You have to specify the
+\fB\-m\fR
+options if you want a home directory for a system account to be created\&.
+.sp
+Note that this option will not update
+/etc/subuid
+and
+/etc/subgid\&. You have to specify the
+\fB\-F\fR
+options if you want to update the files for a system account to be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the path to the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. Without this option, the system will use the
+\fBSHELL\fR
+variable specified in
+/etc/default/useradd, or, if that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in
+/etc/passwd
+remains empty\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR
+.RS 4
+The numerical value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to
+\fBUID_MIN\fR
+and greater than every other user\&.
+.sp
+See also the
+\fB\-r\fR
+option and the
+\fBUID_MAX\fR
+description\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-user\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Crea un gruppo con lo stesso nome dell\*(Aqutente e aggiunge l\*(Aqutente al gruppo stesso\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the SELinux user for the new account\&. Without this option, a SELinux uses the default user\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses
+\fBsemanage\fR(8)
+for that\&.
+.RE
+.SS "Cambiare i valori predefiniti"
+.PP
+When invoked with only the
+\fB\-D\fR
+option,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will display the current default values\&. When invoked with
+\fB\-D\fR
+plus other options,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will update the default values for the specified options\&. Valid default\-changing options are:
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the path prefix for a new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The user\*(Aqs name will be affixed to the end of
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+to form the new user\*(Aqs home directory name, if the
+\fB\-d\fR
+option is not used when creating a new account\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBHOME\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBINACTIVE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group names or a numerical group ID\&. The named group must exist, and the GID must have an existing entry\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the default login shell for new users\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBSHELL\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.SH "NOTE"
+.PP
+The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the
+/etc/skel/
+directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in
+/etc/default/useradd
+or on the command line)\&.
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+Non \(`e possibile aggiungere un utente ad un gruppo NIS o LDAP\&. Questo deve essere fatto sul server corrispondente\&.
+.PP
+Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will deny the user account creation request\&.
+.PP
+Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the username\&. Fully numeric usernames and usernames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&. It is not recommended to use usernames beginning with \&. character as their home directories will be hidden in the
+\fBls\fR
+output\&.
+.PP
+I nomi utente non possono eccedere i 32 caratteri di lunghezza\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/default/useradd
+.RS 4
+Valori predefiniti per la creazione dell\*(Aqaccount\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-post\&.d/*
+.RS 4
+Run\-part files to execute during user addition\&. The environment variable
+\fBACTION\fR
+will be populated with useradd and
+\fBSUBJECT\fR
+with the
+\fBusername\fR\&.
+useradd\-pre\&.d
+will be executed prior to any user addition\&.
+useradd\-post\&.d
+will execute after user addition\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/skel/
+.RS 4
+Directory contenente i file predefiniti\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+UID already in use (and no
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+username or group name already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt create home directory
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI14\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update SELinux user mapping
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/userdel.8 b/man/it/man8/userdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e82dc8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/userdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: userdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "USERDEL" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+userdel \- rimuove l\*(Aqaccount di un utente ed i file relativi
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBuserdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBuserdel\fR [opzioni] \fILOGIN\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name
+\fILOGIN\fR\&. The named user must exist\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is still logged in\&. It also forces
+\fBuserdel\fR
+to remove the user\*(Aqs home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user\&. If
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+is defined to
+\fIyes\fR
+in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+and if a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user\&.
+.sp
+\fINote:\fR
+This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+I file nella home directory dell\*(Aqutente verranno rimossi insieme alla home directory stessa e alla casella di posta dell\*(Aqutente\&. I file collocati in altri file system dovranno essere cercati e rimossi manualmente\&.
+.sp
+The mail spool is defined by the
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
+variable in the
+login\&.defs
+file\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR
+.RS 4
+Rimuove tutti gli utenti SELinux assegnati al login utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-post\&.d/*
+.RS 4
+Run\-part files to execute during user deletion\&. The environment variable
+\fBACTION\fR
+will be populated with
+\fBuserdel\fR
+and
+\fBSUBJECT\fR
+with the username\&.
+userdel\-pre\&.d
+will be executed prior to any user deletion\&.
+userdel\-post\&.d
+will execute after user deletion\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified user doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+user currently logged in
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove home directory
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will not allow you to remove an account if there are running processes which belong to this account\&. In that case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user\*(Aqs password or account and remove the account later\&. The
+\fB\-f\fR
+option can force the deletion of this account\&.
+.PP
+Occorre controllare manualmente tutti i file system per assicurarsi che non rimanga nessun file di propriet\(`a di questo utente\&.
+.PP
+Non \(`e possibile rimuovere nessun attributo NIS su un client NIS\&. Questo deve essere fatto sul server NIS\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+is defined to
+\fIyes\fR
+in
+/etc/login\&.defs,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will delete the group with the same name as the user\&. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise\&. The
+\fB\-f\fR
+option can force the deletion of this group\&.
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/usermod.8 b/man/it/man8/usermod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecb29e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/usermod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: usermod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "USERMOD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+usermod \- modifica l\*(Aqaccount di un utente
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBusermod\fR\ 'u
+\fBusermod\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] \fILOGIN\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBusermod\fR
+command modifies the system account files\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBusermod\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR
+.RS 4
+Add the user to the supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the
+\fB\-G\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-badname\fR
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR
+.RS 4
+update the comment field of the user in
+/etc/passwd, which is normally modified using the
+\fBchfn\fR(1)
+utility\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+La nuova directory home dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.sp
+If the
+\fB\-m\fR
+option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format
+\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. Integers as input are interpreted as days after 1970\-01\-01\&.
+.sp
+An input of \-1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in the shadow password file\&. The account will remain available with no date limit\&.
+.sp
+This option requires a
+/etc/shadow
+file\&. A
+/etc/shadow
+entry will be created if there were none\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password\&. This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)
+for more information\&.
+.sp
+This option requires a
+/etc/shadow
+file\&. A
+/etc/shadow
+entry will be created if there were none\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name or numerical ID of the user\*(Aqs new primary group\&. The group must exist\&.
+.sp
+Tutti i file nella directory home dell\*(Aqutente che hanno come gruppo il precedente gruppo primario dell\*(Aqutente stesso verranno modificati perch\('e abbiano questo nuovo gruppo\&.
+.sp
+Il gruppo dei file che si trovano all\*(Aqesterno della directory home dell\*(Aqutente andr\(`a modificato manualmente\&.
+.sp
+The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as
+/\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]]
+.RS 4
+A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups must exist\&.
+.sp
+If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group\&. This behaviour can be changed via the
+\fB\-a\fR
+option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR\ \&\fINEW_LOGIN\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the user will be changed from
+\fILOGIN\fR
+to
+\fINEW_LOGIN\fR\&. Nothing else is changed\&. In particular, the user\*(Aqs home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This puts a \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
+\fB\-p\fR
+or
+\fB\-U\fR\&.
+.sp
+Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+to
+\fI1\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-move\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+moves the content of the user\*(Aqs home directory to the new location\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-d\fR
+(or
+\fB\-\-home\fR) option\&.
+.sp
+\fBusermod\fR
+will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+allows to change the user ID to a non\-unique value\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines a new password for the user\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+Avoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Ci si deve accertare che la password rispetti le norme delle password del sistema\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the user from named supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the
+\fB\-G\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes within the directory tree starting with
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+and use as well the configuration files located there\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+changes the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field in
+/etc/passwd
+and logs the user into the system\*(Aqs default shell\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR
+.RS 4
+The new value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&.
+.sp
+This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&.
+.sp
+La casella di posta dell\*(Aqutente e ogni altro file di propriet\(`a dell\*(Aqutente che si trovi all\*(Aqinterno della directory home avr\(`a l\*(AqID utente cambiato automaticamente\&.
+.sp
+La propriet\(`a dei file esterni alla directory home dell\*(Aqutente va corretta manualmente\&.
+.sp
+The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as
+/\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to the
+\fBUID_MIN\fR,
+\fBUID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR, or
+\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
+.RS 4
+Unlock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This removes the \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
+\fB\-p\fR
+or
+\fB\-L\fR\&.
+.sp
+Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+(for example to
+\fI99999\fR, or to the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+value from
+/etc/default/useradd)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a range of subordinate uids to the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both
+\fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR
+are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a range of subordinate gids to the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both
+\fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR
+are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the SELinux user to be mapped with
+\fILOGIN\fR\&. An empty string ("") will remove the respective entry (if any)\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses semanage(8) for that\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user\*(Aqs numerical user ID, the user\*(Aqs name, or the user\*(Aqs home directory is being changed\&.
+\fBusermod\fR
+checks this on Linux\&. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in\&.
+.PP
+You must change the owner of any
+\fBcrontab\fR
+files or
+\fBat\fR
+jobs manually\&.
+.PP
+Si devono apportare tutte le modifiche che riguardano NIS sul server NIS\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account informatio\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/vigr.8 b/man/it/man8/vigr.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff72d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/vigr.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/vipw.8
diff --git a/man/it/man8/vipw.8 b/man/it/man8/vipw.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..609ca65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/vipw.8
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: vipw
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "VIPW" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+vipw, vigr \- modifica i file delle password, dei gruppi, delle password shadow o dei gruppi shadow
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBvipw\fR\ 'u
+\fBvipw\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBvigr\fR\ 'u
+\fBvigr\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands edits the files
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/group, respectively\&. With the
+\fB\-s\fR
+flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files,
+/etc/shadow
+and
+/etc/gshadow, respectively\&. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption\&. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable
+\fB$VISUAL\fR, then the environment variable
+\fB$EDITOR\fR, and finally the default editor,
+\fBvi\fR(1)\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands are:
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Modifica del database \(Fogroup\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR
+.RS 4
+Modifica del database \(Fopasswd\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Modalit\(`a silenziosa\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR
+.RS 4
+Modifica del database \(Foshadow\(Fc o \(Fogshadow\(Fc
+.RE
+.SH "VARIABILI D\*(AQAMBIENTE"
+.PP
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+.RS 4
+Editor da utilizzare\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBEDITOR\fR
+.RS 4
+Editor to be used if
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+is not set\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBvi\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5)
+,
+\fBpasswd\fR(5), ,
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/ja/Makefile.am b/man/ja/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffb75a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+
+mandir = @mandir@/ja
+
+man_MANS = \
+	man1/chage.1 \
+	man1/chfn.1 \
+	man8/chpasswd.8 \
+	man1/chsh.1 \
+	man1/expiry.1 \
+	man5/faillog.5 \
+	man8/faillog.8 \
+	man1/gpasswd.1 \
+	man8/groupadd.8 \
+	man8/groupdel.8 \
+	man8/groupmod.8 \
+	man1/groups.1 \
+	man8/grpck.8 \
+	man8/grpconv.8 \
+	man8/grpunconv.8 \
+	man8/lastlog.8 \
+	man1/login.1 \
+	man5/login.defs.5 \
+	man8/logoutd.8 \
+	man1/newgrp.1 \
+	man8/newusers.8 \
+	man1/passwd.1 \
+	man5/passwd.5 \
+	man8/pwck.8 \
+	man8/pwconv.8 \
+	man8/pwunconv.8 \
+	man1/sg.1 \
+	man5/shadow.5 \
+	man1/su.1 \
+	man5/suauth.5 \
+	man8/useradd.8 \
+	man8/userdel.8 \
+	man8/usermod.8 \
+	man8/vigr.8 \
+	man8/vipw.8
+
+man_nopam = \
+	man5/limits.5 \
+	man5/login.access.5 \
+	man5/porttime.5
+
+if !USE_PAM
+man_MANS += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+EXTRA_DIST = \
+	$(man_MANS) \
+	man1/id.1 \
+	man3/shadow.3 \
+	man8/sulogin.8
+
+if USE_PAM
+EXTRA_DIST += $(man_nopam)
+endif
diff --git a/man/ja/Makefile.in b/man/ja/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1caa670
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,677 @@
+# Makefile.in generated by automake 1.16.5 from Makefile.am.
+# @configure_input@
+
+# Copyright (C) 1994-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation
+# gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
+# with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without
+# even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
+# PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
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+am__make_dryrun = (target_option=n; $(am__make_running_with_option))
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+pkgdatadir = $(datadir)/@PACKAGE@
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+am__cd = CDPATH="$${ZSH_VERSION+.}$(PATH_SEPARATOR)" && cd
+install_sh_DATA = $(install_sh) -c -m 644
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+maintainer-clean: maintainer-clean-am
+	-rm -f Makefile
+maintainer-clean-am: distclean-am maintainer-clean-generic
+
+mostlyclean: mostlyclean-am
+
+mostlyclean-am: mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool
+
+pdf: pdf-am
+
+pdf-am:
+
+ps: ps-am
+
+ps-am:
+
+uninstall-am: uninstall-man
+
+uninstall-man: uninstall-man1 uninstall-man5 uninstall-man8
+
+.MAKE: install-am install-strip
+
+.PHONY: all all-am check check-am clean clean-generic clean-libtool \
+	cscopelist-am ctags-am distclean distclean-generic \
+	distclean-libtool distdir dvi dvi-am html html-am info info-am \
+	install install-am install-data install-data-am install-dvi \
+	install-dvi-am install-exec install-exec-am install-html \
+	install-html-am install-info install-info-am install-man \
+	install-man1 install-man5 install-man8 install-pdf \
+	install-pdf-am install-ps install-ps-am install-strip \
+	installcheck installcheck-am installdirs maintainer-clean \
+	maintainer-clean-generic mostlyclean mostlyclean-generic \
+	mostlyclean-libtool pdf pdf-am ps ps-am tags-am uninstall \
+	uninstall-am uninstall-man uninstall-man1 uninstall-man5 \
+	uninstall-man8
+
+.PRECIOUS: Makefile
+
+
+# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
+# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
+.NOEXPORT:
diff --git a/man/ja/man1/chage.1 b/man/ja/man1/chage.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e22f55f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man1/chage.1
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1990 - 1994 Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\" $Id$
+.\"
+.TH CHAGE 1
+.SH 名前
+chage \- ユーザパスワードの有効期限情報を変更する。
+.SH 書式
+.TP 6
+\fBchage\fR
+[\fB\-m\fR \fImindays\fR] [\fB\-M\fR \fImaxdays\fR]
+[\fB\-d\fR \fIlastday\fR] [\fB\-I\fR \fIinactive\fR]
+.br
+[\fB\-E\fR \fIexpiredate\fR] [\fB\-W\fR \fIwarndays\fR] \fIuser\fR
+.TP 6
+\fBchage\fR
+\fB\-l\fR \fIuser\fR
+.SH 説明
+\fBchage\fR は、
+パスワードを最後に更新してから、
+次に変更しなければならない期日までの日数を変更する。
+システムはこの情報を用いて、
+ユーザがいつパスワードを変更しなければならないかを決定する。
+\fBchage\fR コマンドを使えるのは root ユーザのみに限られている。
+ただし一般ユーザも \fB\-l\fR オプションを指定すればこのコマンドを利用でき、
+自分のパスワードまたはアカウントがいつ切れるかを知ることができる。
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR オプションを指定した場合、
+\fImindays\fR の値はパスワード変更の間隔の最短日数になる。
+このフィールドをゼロとした時は、ユーザはいつでもパスワードを変更できる。
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR オプションを指定すると、
+\fImaxdays\fR の値はパスワードが有効な最長日数となる。
+\fImaxdays\fR と \fIlastday\fR を足した値が現在の日付より小さい場合、
+ユーザはアカウントを使用する前にパスワードを変更しなければならない。
+\fB\-W\fR オプションを使えばこの期日がいつ来るかが分かるようにできる。
+この場合はユーザに事前に警告が与えられる。
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR オプションを用いると、
+パスワードの最終更新日を設定できる。
+\fIlastday\fR の値は
+1970 年 1 月 1 日からパスワード最終更新日までの日数である。
+日付は YYYY\-MM\-DD という書式
+(もしくはあなたの地域でもっとよく用いられている書式)
+で指定する事もできる。
+.PP
+\fB\-E\fR オプションは、
+それ以降ユーザがアカウントにアクセスできなくなる日付を設定するのに用いられる。
+\fIexpiredate\fR は 1970 年 1 月 1 日から
+アカウントがロックされる日までの日数である。
+日付は YYYY\-MM\-DD という書式
+(もしくはあなたの地域でもっとよく用いられているもの)
+で指定することもできる。
+アカウントをロックされたユーザが再びそのシステムを使うには、
+システム管理者と連絡を取る必要がある。
+.PP
+\fB\-I\fR オプションは、
+パスワードの期限が切れてからアカウントがロックされるまでの
+放置日数を設定するために用いる。
+アカウントをロックされたユーザが再びそのシステムを使うためには、
+システム管理者に連絡しなければならない。
+\fIinactive\fR は使用不能期間の日数である。
+0 にすればこの機能を無効にできる。
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR オプションは、
+パスワードの変更が必要となる前に警告を行う期間の日数を設定するために用いる。
+\fIwarndays\fR は、
+パスワードの期限切れに先だって、
+ユーザに期限が切れかかっていることを警告する日数である。
+.PP
+いずれのオプションも指定されないと
+\fBchage\fR は対話的に動作する。
+全てのフィールドに対して各々現在の設定値を表示し、
+新しい値の入力を促す。
+新しい値を設定する場合はそれを入力し、
+現在の値を使うなら空行のままリターンキーを押せばよい。
+現在の値は \fB[ ]\fR の間に表示される。
+.SH 注意
+\fBchage\fR プログラムを用いるには shadow パスワードファイルが必要である。
+この機能は、passwd ファイルにパスワードが保存されているときには
+利用できない。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- shadow 化されたユーザアカウント情報
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR passwd (5),
+.BR shadow (5)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh <julie78787@gmail.com>
diff --git a/man/ja/man1/chfn.1 b/man/ja/man1/chfn.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7881ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man1/chfn.1
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1990 - 1994 Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\" $Id$
+.\"
+.TH CHFN 1
+.SH 名前
+chfn \- ユーザの氏名や情報を変更する。
+.SH 書式
+.TP 5
+\fBchfn\fR [\fB\-f\fR \fIfull_name\fR] [\fB\-r\fR \fIroom_no\fR]
+.br
+[\fB\-w\fR \fIwork_ph\fR] [\fB\-h\fR \fIhome_ph\fR] [\fB\-o\fR \fIother\fR]
+[\fIuser\fR]
+.SH 説明
+\fBchfn\fR は、ユーザのフルネーム・オフィスの部屋番号・内線番号・
+自宅の電話番号といったアカウント情報を変更する。
+この情報は \fBfinger\fR(1) のようなプログラムによって表示される。
+一般ユーザは自分自身のアカウント情報のみを変更できる。
+スーパーユーザは全てのアカウントに対して情報を変更できる。
+また \fB\-o\fR オプションを用いて
+GECOS 欄の未定義部分を変更できるのもスーパーユーザだけである。
+.PP
+各フィールドに書く内容に関する制限は、
+コントロール文字・コンマ・コロン・等号を含んでいてはならない、
+ということのみである。
+\fIother\fR 欄に対してはこの制限はないので、
+他のアプリケーションが用いるアカウンティング情報の記録に利用される。
+.PP
+いずれのオプションも指定されないと
+\fBchfn\fR は対話的に動作する。
+全ての欄に対して各々現在の設定値を表示し、新しい値の入力を促す。
+新しい値を設定する場合はそれを入力し、
+現在の値を使うなら空行のままリターンキーを押せばよい。
+現在の値は \fB[ ]\fR 記号の間に表示される。
+オプションを指定しなかった場合、
+chfn は現在のユーザアカウントに対して動作する。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR passwd (5)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh <julie78787@gmail.com>
diff --git a/man/ja/man1/chsh.1 b/man/ja/man1/chsh.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75a5133
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man1/chsh.1
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1990 - 1994 Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Modified Tue 16 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\" $Id$
+.\"
+.TH CHSH 1
+.SH 名前
+chsh \- ログインシェルを変更する
+.SH 書式
+.TP 5
+\fBchsh\fR
+[\fB\-s\fR \fIlogin_shell\fR] [\fIuser\fR]
+.SH 説明
+\fBchsh\fR はユーザのログインシェルを変更する。
+これによって、ユーザがログインして最初に実行されるコマンドが決まる。
+一般ユーザは自分のアカウントのログインシェルのみを変更できる。
+スーパーユーザは全てのアカウントのログインシェルを変更できる。
+.PP
+ログインシェルは、
+コマンド名が \fI/etc/shells\fR に記載されていればなんでも良い。
+スーパーユーザの場合はこの制限はなく、いかなる値でも指定できる。
+機能を制限されたログインシェルを用いているアカウントからは、
+ログインシェルを変更できないかもしれない。
+この理由から、
+\fB/bin/rsh\fR は \fI/etc/shells\fR には書かないほうが良い。
+誤って機能が制限されたシェルに変更してしまうと、
+ログインシェルを元のものに戻せなくなってしまうからである。
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR オプションを指定しなかった場合は、
+\fBchsh\fR は対話的に動作する。
+ユーザの現在のログインシェルを表示し、新しい値の入力を促す。
+設定値を変更するなら新しい値を入力し、
+現在の値を使うなら空行のままリターンキーを押せばよい。
+現在のシェルは \fB[ ]\fR 記号の間に表示される。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/shells\fR \- 指定できるログインシェルのリスト
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR chfn (1),
+.BR passwd (5)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh <julie78787@gmail.com>
diff --git a/man/ja/man1/expiry.1 b/man/ja/man1/expiry.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6658372
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man1/expiry.1
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1990 - 1994 Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Modified for expiry by Ben Collins <bcollins@debian.org>, 1999
+.\" Translated Sun 3 Mar 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\" Modified Tue 16 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.\" $Id$
+.\"
+.TH EXPIRY 1
+.SH 名前
+expiry \- パスワードの期限切れポリシーのチェックと執行
+.SH 書式
+.TP 6
+\fBexpiry\fR [\fB\-c\fR] [\fB\-f\fR]
+.SH 説明
+.B expiry
+は現在のパスワード期限切れ情報をチェック (\fB\-c\fR) し、
+必要な場合は変更を強制する (\fB\-f\fR)。
+このコマンドは通常のユーザコマンドとして呼び出し可能である。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- shadow 化されたユーザアカウント情報
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR passwd (5),
+.BR shadow (5)
+.SH 著者
+Ben Collins <bcollins@debian.org>
diff --git a/man/ja/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/ja/man1/gpasswd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b34157
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man1/gpasswd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+.\"$Id$
+.\" Copyright 1996, Rafal Maszkowski <rzm@pdi.net>
+.\" All rights reserved. You can redistribute this man page and/or
+.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
+.\" License, or (at your option) any later version.
+.\"
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Updated & Modified 3 Mar 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\" Modified Tue 16 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH GPASSWD 1
+.SH 名前
+gpasswd \- /etc/groupファイルを管理する
+.SH 書式
+\fBgpasswd\fR \fIgroup\fR
+.br
+\fBgpasswd \-a\fR \fIuser\fR \fIgroup\fR
+.br
+\fBgpasswd \-d\fR \fIuser\fR \fIgroup\fR
+.br
+\fBgpasswd \-R\fR \fIgroup\fR
+.br
+\fBgpasswd \-r\fR \fIgroup\fR
+.br
+\fBgpasswd\fR [\fB\-A\fR \fIuser\fR,...] [\fB\-M\fR \fIuser\fR,...] \fIgroup\fR
+.SH 説明
+.B gpasswd
+は /etc/group ファイル
+(および SHADOWGRP を定義してコンパイルした時は /etc/gshadow ファイル)
+の管理に用いられる。
+各グループには、管理者・メンバー・パスワードを設定できる。
+システム管理者は、
+\fB\-A\fR オプションを使ってグループ管理者 (複数でも可) を定義したり、
+\fB\-M\fR オプションを使ってメンバーを定義したりでき、
+各グループの管理者・メンバーと同等の特権を持つ。
+.PP
+グループ管理者は、\fB\-a\fR オプションを用いてユーザを追加したり、
+\fB\-d\fR オプションを用いてユーザを削除したりできる。
+管理者は \fB\-r\fR オプションを用いてグループパスワードを削除できる。
+パスワードが設定されていない時は、
+グループのメンバーのみが
+.BR newgrp (1)
+を用いてグループの一員になれる。
+オプション \fB\-R\fR を指定すると、
+.BR newgrp (1)
+コマンドを用いたグループへのアクセスはできなくなる。
+.PP
+グループの管理者がグループ名のみを指定して
+.B gpasswd
+コマンドを実行した場合は、
+パスワードの入力を求められる。
+パスワードが設定されている場合でも、
+メンバーはパスワードなしで
+.BR newgrp (1)
+コマンドを使えるが、
+メンバーでない人はパスワードを入力しなくてはならない。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/group\fR \- グループ情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- shadow されたグループ情報
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR newgrp (1),
+.BR groupadd (8),
+.BR groupdel (8),
+.BR groupmod (8),
+.BR grpck (8)
+.SH 著者
+Rafal Maszkowski <rzm@pdi.net>
diff --git a/man/ja/man1/groups.1 b/man/ja/man1/groups.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d316afe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man1/groups.1
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1994 Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2001 Maki KURODA
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\" Translated Tue Oct 30 11:58:18 JST 2001 by Maki KURODA <mkuroda@aisys\-jp.com>
+.\" Modified Tue 16 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.\" $Id$
+.\"
+.\"WORD:	concurrent group set	同時所属グループ集合
+.\"WORD:	real group ID		実グループ ID
+.\"WORD:	effective group ID	実効グループ ID
+.\"
+.TH GROUPS 1
+.SH 名前
+groups \- 現在のグループ名の表示
+.SH 書式
+\fBgroups\fR [\fIuser\fR]
+.SH 説明
+.B groups
+は現在のグループの名前または ID 値を表示する。
+ID 値に対応する名前が \fI/etc/group\fR に登録されていなければ、
+数値のグループ ID で表示される。
+パラメータとして \fIuser\fR を与えると、
+指定した \fIuser\fR が所属するグループ名を表示する。
+.SH 注意
+同時所属グループ集合 (concurrent group set)
+をサポートしていないシステムでは、
+\fI/etc/group\fR の情報が報告される。
+ユーザが現在の実グループ ID や実効グループ ID を変更するには、
+\fBnewgrp\fR や \fBsg\fR を使用しなければならない。
+.SH ファイル
+/etc/group \- グループ情報
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR newgrp (1),
+.BR getuid (2),
+.BR getgid (2),
+.BR getgroups (2)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh <julie78787@gmail.com>
diff --git a/man/ja/man1/id.1 b/man/ja/man1/id.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f15aa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man1/id.1
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2000 ISHIKAWA Keisuke
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Translated Thu Nov  9 23:17:10 JST 2000
+.\"         by ISHIKAWA Keisuke
+.\" Modified Tue 16 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.\" $Id$
+.\"
+.TH ID 1
+.SH 名前
+id \- 現在のユーザ ID 名とグループ ID 名を表示する
+.SH 書式
+\fBid\fR [\fB\-a\fR]
+.SH 説明
+\fBid\fRは、現在の実ユーザ ID、実効ユーザ ID、実グループ ID、
+実効グループ ID の名前または値を表示する。
+値に対応するエントリが \fI/etc/passwd\fR や
+\fI/etc/group\fR に存在しない場合は、
+対応する名前は表示されずに値だけが表示される。
+ユーザが同時に複数のグループのメンバーになれるシステムでは、
+\fB\-a\fR オプションを指定するとグループの集合が表示される。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザーアカウント情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/group\fR \ \- グループ情報
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR getgid (2),
+.BR getgroups (2),
+.BR getuid (2)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh <julie78787@gmail.com>
diff --git a/man/ja/man1/login.1 b/man/ja/man1/login.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd90169
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man1/login.1
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 - 1994 Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\" $Id$
+.\"
+.TH LOGIN 1
+.SH 名前
+login \- システム上でセッションを開く
+.SH 書式
+\fBlogin\fR [\fB\-p\fR] [\fIusername\fR] [\fIENV=VAR\fR ...]
+.br
+\fBlogin\fR [\fB\-p\fR] [\fB\-h\fR \fIhost\fR] [\fB\-f\fR \fIusername\fR]
+.br
+\fBlogin\fR [\fB\-p\fR] \fB\-r\fR \fIhost\fR
+.SH 説明
+.B login
+はシステムに新たにセッションを開くために用いられる。
+通常は、ユーザの端末に表示される
+.I login:
+というプロンプトに応じる事によって自動的に起動される。
+.B login
+はシェル専用のものであり、
+サブプロセスとして起動することはできない。
+通常シェルは
+.B login
+を
+\fBexec login\fR とみなすので、ユーザは現在のシェルから抜けることになる。
+ログインシェル以外から \fBlogin\fR を起動しようとすると、
+エラーメッセージが表示される。
+.PP
+次いで、必要な場合には、ユーザはパスワードを入力するよう促される。
+パスワードを表示してしまわないよう、エコーは行われない。
+数回以上パスワード入力に失敗すると
+\fBlogin\fR は終了し、通信の接続は切断されてしまう。
+.PP
+アカウントに対してパスワードの有効期限が設定されている場合は、
+先に進む前に新しいパスワードの設定を促されることもある。
+セッションを続けるためには古いパスワードと
+新しいパスワードを入力しなくてはならない。
+詳しい情報は \fBpasswd\fR(1) を参照すること。
+.PP
+ログインに成功すると、システムメッセージやメールの有無が表示される。
+ログインディレクトリに長さ 0 のファイル \fI.hushlogin\fR を作っておけば、
+システムメッセージファイルである
+\fI/etc/motd\fR の表示を無効にできる。
+メールに関するメッセージは、メールボックスの状態によって
+"\fBYou have new mail.\fR",
+"\fBYou have mail.\fR",
+"\fBNo Mail.\fR"
+のいずれかになる。
+.PP
+ユーザ ID とグループの ID は
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR ファイル中に記載されている値に従って設定される。
+\fB$HOME\fR, \fB$SHELL\fR, \fB$PATH\fR, \fB$LOGNAME\fR, \fB$MAIL\fR
+の値は、パスワードエントリのそれぞれのフィールドに従って設定される。
+ulimit, umask, nice 値が、
+GECOS フィールドのエントリーによって設定されることもある。
+.PP
+インストール時の設定によっては、
+\fI/etc/ttytype\fR の指定に従って、
+環境変数\fB$TERM\fRが tty 接続の端末の型 (terminal type)
+に初期化されることもある。
+.PP
+コマンドインタプリタの初期化スクリプトが実行されることもある。
+この機能についての詳しい情報は適当なマニュアルセクションを参照のこと。
+.PP
+サブシステムログインでは、
+ログインシェルの最初の文字に "*" を置く。
+渡されたホームディレクトリは、
+ユーザが実際にログインする新しいファイルシステムのルートとして扱われる。
+.SH オプション
+.TP
+.B \-p
+環境を保存する。
+.TP
+.B \-f
+ユーザはすでに認証されているものとして、認証動作を行なわない。
+.TP
+.B \-h
+このログインのリモートホストの名前。
+.TP
+.B \-r
+rlogin の自動ログインプロトコルを実行する。
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fP, \fB\-h\fP, \fB\-f\fP オプションは、
+root が \fBlogin\fP を起動した場合にのみ用いる。
+.SH 警告
+この版の \fBlogin\fR には多くのコンパイル時オプションがあるが、
+サイトによってはこのうちの一部しか使われていないかもしれない。
+.PP
+システム設定の違いによって上記ファイルの置き場所は変わる。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/var/run/utmp\fR		\- 現在のログインセッションのリスト
+.br
+\fI/var/log/wtmp\fR		\- 過去のログインセッションのリスト
+.br
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR		\- ユーザアカウント情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR		\- 暗号化パスワードと有効期限情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/motd\fR			\- システムメッセージファイル
+.br
+\fI/etc/nologin\fR		\- root 以外のユーザのログインを禁止する
+.br
+\fI/etc/ttytype\fR		\- 端末の型のリスト
+.br
+\fI$HOME/.hushlogin\fR	\- システムメッセージの表示を抑制する
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR mail (1),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR sh (1),
+.BR su (1),
+.\" .BR d_passwd (5),
+.BR login.defs (5),
+.BR nologin (5),
+.BR passwd (5),
+.BR getty (8)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh <julie78787@gmail.com>
diff --git a/man/ja/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/ja/man1/newgrp.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b71bb12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man1/newgrp.1
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\" $Id$
+.\"
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Updated & Modified Sun 3 Mar 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\" Modified Tue 16 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH NEWGRP 1
+.SH 名前
+newgrp \- 新しいグループにログインする
+.br
+sg \- 別のグループ ID でコマンドを実行する
+.SH 書式
+\fBnewgrp\fR [\fB\-\fR] [\fIgroup\fR]
+.br
+\fBsg\fR [\fB\-\fR] [\fIgroup\fR [[\fB\-c\fR] \fIcommand\fR]]
+.SH 説明
+.B newgrp
+はログインセッション中に現在のグループ ID を変更するために用いられる。
+オプションとして \fB\-\fR フラグを与えた場合は、
+新たにログインしたのと同じ様に環境が再初期化される。
+そうでない場合は、現在の作業ディレクトリを含めて、
+現在の環境は変化しない。
+.PP
+.B newgrp
+は現在の実グループ ID を、指定したグループに
+(グループ名を指定しなかった場合は \fI/etc/passwd\fR
+に記載されたデフォルトのグループに) 変更する。
+ユーザにはパスワードがなくグループにはある場合、
+あるいはユーザがグループのメンバーではなく
+グループにパスワードがある場合には、
+そのユーザはパスワードの入力を求められる。
+グループのパスワードが設定されておらず、
+かつユーザがグループのメンバーでない場合は、
+アクセスは拒否される。
+.PP
+.B sg
+コマンドは
+.B newgrp
+と同様に動作するが、コマンドを受け付ける。
+このコマンドは \fB/bin/sh\fR シェルで実行される。
+コマンドが複数の単語からなる場合は、
+sg の実行元となるであろうシェルのほとんどにおいて、
+これらをクォートする必要があるだろう。
+.BR newgrp " と " sg
+のもう一つの違いは、
+特定のシェルが \fBnewgrp\fR を特別に扱う点にある。
+このようなシェルは、自分自身を
+.B newgrp
+が生成した新しい実体と置き換える。このようなことは
+.B sg
+では起きないので、
+.B sg
+コマンドから戻った際には以前のグループ ID に戻る。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR	\- ユーザアカウント情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/group\fR	\- グループ情報
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR id (1),
+.BR login (1),
+.BR su (1)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh <julie78787@gmail.com>
diff --git a/man/ja/man1/passwd.1 b/man/ja/man1/passwd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d342548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man1/passwd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 - 1994 Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\" $Id$
+.\"
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Updated 2 Mar 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\" Modified Tue 16 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH PASSWD 1
+.SH 名前
+passwd \- ユーザパスワードを変更する
+.SH 書式
+\fBpasswd\fR [\fB\-f\fR|\fB\-s\fR] [\fIname\fR]
+.br
+\fBpasswd\fR [\fB\-g\fR] [\fB\-r\fR|\fB\-R\fR] \fIgroup\fR
+.br
+\fBpasswd\fR [\fB\-x\fR \fImax\fR] [\fB\-n\fR \fImin\fR]
+[\fB\-w\fR \fIwarn\fR] [\fB\-i\fR \fIinact\fR] \fIlogin\fR
+.br
+\fBpasswd\fR {\fB\-l\fR|\fB\-u\fR|\fB\-d\fR|\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-e\fR} \fIlogin\fR
+.SH 説明
+\fBpasswd\fR はユーザアカウント・グループアカウントのパスワードを変更する。
+一般ユーザは自分のアカウントのパスワードしか変更できない。
+スーパーユーザはいかなるアカウントのパスワードも変更できる。
+グループの管理者はグループのパスワードを変更できる。
+\fBpasswd\fR によって、ユーザのフルネーム・ログインシェル・
+パスワードの期限切れの日付・
+有効期間といったアカウント情報を変更することもできる。
+.PP
+.B \-s
+オプションを指定すると
+.BR passwd " は " chsh
+を呼び出してユーザのシェルを変更する。
+.B \-f
+オプションを指定すると
+.BR passwd " は " chfn
+を呼び出してユーザの GECOS 情報を変更する。
+これらの 2 つのオプションは互換性のためだけにある。
+chsh や chfn を直接呼び出しても構わない。
+.SS パスワードの変更
+パスワードが既にある場合は、まず古いパスワードを入力するよう促される。
+入力されたパスワードは暗号化され、記録されているものと照合される。
+正しいパスワードを 1 回で入力しなくてはならない。
+スーパーユーザは、パスワードを忘れてしまった際の変更も行なえる様に、
+このステップを省略できる。
+.PP
+パスワードが入力された後、パスワード有効期限の情報を調べ、
+現在パスワードの変更が許されているか検査する。
+もし許可されていない場合は、
+\fBpasswd\fR は変更を拒否して終了する。
+.PP
+次にユーザは、置き換えるパスワードを入力するよう促される。
+入力されたパスワードは、充分複雑かどうか検査される。
+一般的な指針としては、
+パスワードは以下の集合それぞれから一つ以上の文字を使った
+6 から 8 文字のものにすべきである。
+.IP "" .5i
+小文字のアルファベット
+.IP "" .5i
+大文字のアルファベット
+.IP "" .5i
+0 から 9 までの数字
+.IP "" .5i
+句読点
+.PP
+システムのデフォルトの消去文字や
+kill 文字を含めないように注意すること。
+\fBpasswd\fR はあまりに単純なパスワードへの変更は拒否する。
+.PP
+入力したパスワードが受け入れられた場合、
+\fBpasswd\fR はもう一度入力を促し、
+二番目に入力したものを最初のものと比較する。
+パスワード変更が受け入れられるためには、
+この両者が合致しなくてはならない。
+.SS グループパスワード
+\fB\-g\fR オプションを用いた場合、
+指定したグループのパスワードが変更される。
+このオプションはスーパーユーザか指定したグループの管理者しか使えない。
+現在のグループパスワードは尋ねてこない。
+\fB\-g\fR オプションを \fB\-r\fR オプションとともに用いると、
+指定したグループのパスワードが削除される。
+こうすると全てのメンバーがこのグループにアクセスできるようになる。
+\fB\-R\fR オプションを \fB\-g\fR オプションとともに用いると、
+全てのユーザに対して指定したグループへのアクセスを禁止できる。
+.SS パスワードの有効期限情報
+スーパーユーザは、パスワードの有効期限に関する情報を変更できる。
+これには \fB\-x\fR, \fB\-n\fR, \fB\-w\fR, \fB\-i\fR などのオプションを用いる。
+\fB\-x\fR オプションはパスワードが有効な最長日数を設定するのに用いられる。
+\fImax\fR 日が過ぎるとパスワードを変更するように求められる。
+\fB\-n\fR オプションはパスワードが変更可能となるまでの
+最短日数を設定するのに用いられる。
+ユーザは \fImin\fR 日が経過した後でないとパスワードを変更できない。
+\fB\-w\fR オプションはパスワードの使用期限が来る前に
+何日間警告を与えるかを設定するために用いられる。
+期限切れの \fIwarn\fR 日前から注意が開始され、
+パスワードが期限切れになるまであと何日残っているかが示される。
+\fB\-i\fR オプションは、
+パスワードの期限が切れてから何日間経過したら、
+そのアカウントを使用不能の状態にするかを設定するのに用いる。
+\fIinact\fR 日間アカウントをパスワード期限切れ状態のままにすると、
+ユーザはそのアカウントに入れなくなる。
+.PP
+あるアカウントのパスワードを直ちに期限切れにしたい場合は、
+\fB\-e\fR オプションを用いればよい。
+するとそのユーザは次にログインする際にパスワードを変更するよう強制される。
+\fB\-d\fR オプションを使って、ユーザのパスワードを削除することもできる
+(パスワードが空になる)。このオプションは注意して使うこと。
+これを使うと、そのアカウントはログインにパスワードを全く必要としなくなり、
+システムが侵入者に対してオープンになってしまう。
+.SS アカウントの保守
+\fB\-l\fR フラグと \fB\-u\fR フラグを用いると、
+ユーザアカウントをロックしたり、そのロックを外したりできる。
+\fB\-l\fR オプションを用いると、
+パスワードフィールドの値は暗号化された如何なる値ともマッチしなくなり、
+アカウントは使用不能になる。
+\fB\-u\fR オプションを用いると、パスワードは以前の値に戻り、
+アカウントが再び使用可能となる。
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR オプションを用いるとアカウントの状態が表示される。
+アカウントの状態の情報は 6 つの部分からなる。
+最初の部分は、アカウントにロックがかけられている (L)、
+パスワードが存在しない (NP)、
+もしくは使用可能なパスワードがある (P) といった情報を示す。
+2 番目は最後にパスワードが変更された日付を示す。
+残りの4つの部分はそれぞれパスワードの最短期限、最長期限、警告期間、
+使用不能期間である。
+.SS ユーザパスワードに対するヒント
+パスワードの安全性は暗号化アルゴリズムの強力さとキー空間の大きさに依存する。
+\fB\s-2UNIX\s+2\fR のシステム暗号化の方法は
+NBS DES アルゴリズムに基づいており、非常に安全性が高い。
+キー空間の大きさは選ばれたパスワードのランダムさに依存する。
+.PP
+パスワードの安全性が脅かされるのは、
+大抵の場合パスワードの選択や扱いが不注意なためである。
+従ってパスワードとしては、
+辞書に載っているものや書き留めなければならないものは
+避けるべきである。
+また、固有名詞・免許証番号・誕生日・自宅の住所などを
+パスワードにするのも避けるべきである。
+これらはいずれもシステムセキュリティを破る際に、
+推量情報に用いられる可能性があるからである。
+.PP
+パスワードは紙片に書き留めておく必要が無いよう、
+簡単に思い出せるものにしなくてはならない。
+これは例えば、
+短い二つの単語をくっつけて、
+その間に特殊記号や数字を挟み込むことによって作れる。
+例えば Pass%word など。
+.PP
+他の作り方としては、文学作品などから思い出しやすい句を選び出し、
+それぞれの単語から最初もしくは最後の文字を抜き出す方法がある。
+この方法の例としては、
+.IP "" .5i
+Ask not for whom the bell tolls.
+.PP
+という句から
+.IP "" .5i
+An4wtbt.
+というパスワードが作り出せる。
+.PP
+クラッカーの辞書には、
+こんな語句は載っていなさそうだ、とみなしても良いだろう。
+しかし、ここに示した方法だけに頼るのではなく、
+自分独自のパスワードの作り方を考え出すべきである。
+.SS グループのパスワードに関する注意
+グループパスワードは、一人以上の人間が知ることが許されるものであるから、
+本質的にセキュリティ上の問題を抱えている。
+しかしグループを使えば別々の人間が共同で作業する事ができるので、
+これは便利なツールではある。
+.SH 警告
+全てのオプションが使えるようには設定されていないかもしれない。
+パスワードの複雑さの検証はサイトによって異なるだろう。
+ユーザはシステムが満足するような、
+充分複雑なパスワードを選ぶよう強制される。
+NIS が動作していて、
+かつ NIS サーバ以外にログインしているユーザは、
+パスワードを変更できない。
+(訳注: この場合
+.BR yppasswd (8)
+を用いる。)
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 暗号化されたユーザパスワード
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR group (5),
+.BR passwd (5),
+.BR shadow (5)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh <julie78787@gmail.com>
diff --git a/man/ja/man1/sg.1 b/man/ja/man1/sg.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d07c5e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man1/sg.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/newgrp.1
diff --git a/man/ja/man1/su.1 b/man/ja/man1/su.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3f3d05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man1/su.1
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 - 1990 Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\" $Id$
+.\"
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Updated Wed Apr 26 JST 2000 by Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
+.\" Updated Fri Jan 12 JST 2001 by Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
+.\" Updated Mon Mar  4 JST 2002 by Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
+.\" Modified Tue 16 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH SU 1
+.SH 名前
+su \- ユーザIDを変更する。またはスーパーユーザになる
+.SH 書式
+\fBsu\fR [\fB\-\fR] [\fIusername\fR [\fIargs\fR]]
+.SH 説明
+\fBsu\fR はログインセッション中に別のユーザになるために用いる。
+ユーザ名を指定せずに起動した場合、
+デフォルトではスーパーユーザの ID に変更する。
+オプション引数 \fB\-\fR を用いると、
+直接ログインした場合と同じ環境に初期化される。
+.PP
+ユーザ名の後ろに追加の引数を与えることもでき、
+その場合引数はユーザのログインシェルに渡される。
+特に、その引数の一つとして \fB\-c\fR を渡した場合、
+それに続く引数は大部分のコマンドインタプリタにコマンドとして解釈される。
+コマンドはそのユーザに (\fI/etc/passwd\fR で)
+指定されているシェルで実行される。
+.PP
+必要な場合には、ユーザにはパスワードの入力が促される。
+間違ったパスワードが入力された場合にはエラーメッセージが出力される。
+\fIsu\fRしようとした場合は、システムの濫用を検知するために、
+それが正しい場合も不正な場合も常に記録が残される。
+.PP
+現在の環境は新しいシェルに引き継がれる。
+ただし
+\fB$PATH\fR の値は、
+通常のユーザでは \fB/bin:/usr/bin\fR に、
+スーパーユーザでは \fB/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR
+に再設定される。
+これは \fI/etc/login.defs\fR の
+\fBENV_PATH\fR と \fBENV_SUPATH\fR で変更できる。
+.PP
+サブシステムログインでは、
+ログインシェルの最初の文字に "*" を置く。
+渡されたホームディレクトリは、
+ユーザが実際にログインする新しいファイルシステムのルートとして扱われる。
+.SH 警告
+この版の \fBsu\fR には多くのコンパイル時オプションがあるが、
+サイトによってはこの一部しか設定されていないこともある。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 暗号化パスワードと有効期限情報
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR login (1),
+.BR sh (1),
+.BR login.defs (5),
+.BR suauth (5)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh <julie78787@gmail.com>
diff --git a/man/ja/man3/shadow.3 b/man/ja/man3/shadow.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89abb7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man3/shadow.3
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 - 1993 Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\" $Id$
+.\"
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" updated Tue 17 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH SHADOW 3
+.SH 名前
+shadow \- 暗号化されたパスワードファイル用ルーチン
+.SH 書式
+.B #include <shadow.h>
+.PP
+.B struct spwd *getspent();
+.PP
+.B struct spwd *getspnam(char
+.IB *name );
+.PP
+.B void setspent();
+.PP
+.B void endspent();
+.PP
+.B struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE
+.IB *fp );
+.PP
+.B struct spwd *sgetspent(char
+.IB *cp );
+.PP
+.B int putspent(struct spwd
+.I *p,
+.B FILE
+.IB *fp );
+.PP
+.B int lckpwdf();
+.PP
+.B int ulckpwdf();
+.SH 説明
+.I shadow
+は shadow パスワードファイル
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR の内容を操作するルーチンである。
+\fI#include\fR ファイルに与えられている構造体は以下の通り。
+.sp
+struct spwd {
+.in +.5i
+.br
+	char	*sp_namp; /* user login name */
+.br
+	char	*sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */
+.br
+	long	sp_lstchg; /* last password change */
+.br
+	int	sp_min; /* days until change allowed. */
+.br
+	int	sp_max; /* days before change required */
+.br
+	int	sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */
+.br
+	int	sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */
+.br
+	int	sp_expire; /* date when account expires */
+.br
+	int	sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */
+.br
+.in \-.5i
+}
+.PP
+各フィールドの意味は:
+.sp
+sp_namp \- ヌル終端されたユーザ名文字列へのポインタ
+.br
+sp_pwdp \- ヌル終端されたパスワード文字列へのポインタ
+.br
+sp_lstchg \- 1970年1月1日からパスワード最終変更日時迄の日数
+.br
+sp_min \- パスワード変更が出来るようになるまでの日数
+.br
+sp_max \- パスワードを変更しなくても良い日数
+.br
+sp_warn \- パスワードが期限切れになる前に、
+期限切れが近づいている旨の警告をユーザに出す期間の日数
+.br
+sp_inact \- パスワードが期限切れになってから、
+アカウントが不能となり使用できなくなるまでの日数
+.br
+sp_expire \- 1970年1月1からアカウントが使用不能となる日迄の日数
+.br
+sp_flag \- 将来使うときに向けて予約
+.SH 説明
+\fBgetspent\fR, \fBgetspname\fR, \fBfgetspent\fR, \fBsgetspent\fR
+は、それぞれ \fBstruct spwd\fR へのポインタを返す。
+\fBgetspent\fR はファイルから次のエントリを、
+\fBfgetspent\fR は指定されたストリーム
+(正しい書式のファイルとみなされる)
+から次のエントリを返す。
+\fBsgetspent\fR は入力として与えられた文字列を用いて
+\fBstruct spwd\fR へのポインタを返す。
+\fBgetspnam\fR はファイル中の現在の位置から
+\fBname\fR にマッチするエントリを探す。
+.PP
+\fBsetspent\fR は
+shadow パスワードファイルへのアクセスを開始するために、
+\fBendspent\fR は終了するために用いられる。
+.PP
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR ファイルに対する排他的なアクセスを保証したい場合には、
+\fBlckpwdf\fR ルーチンと \fBulckpwdf\fR ルーチンを用いる。
+\fBlckpwdf\fR は \fBpw_lock\fR を用いて最大 15 秒間ロックを取得しようとする。
+そして最初の 15 秒の残りの間、
+\fBspw_lock\fR によって二度目のロックをしようと試み続ける。
+計 15 秒間の間にいずれかの試みが失敗した場合は、
+\fBlckpwdf\fR は \-1 を返す。
+いずれのロックも成功した場合は 0 が返される。
+.SH 返り値
+これらのルーチンは、エントリが残っていない場合や、
+処理の過程でエラーが発生した場合には NULL を返す。
+返り値が \fBint\fR であるルーチンは、
+成功したら 0 を、失敗したら \-1 を返す。
+.SH 警告
+shadowされたパスワードファイルへのアクセスは制限されているので、
+これらのルーチンはスーパーユーザだけが利用できる。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 暗号化されたユーザパスワード
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR getpwent (3),
+.BR shadow (5)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (julie78787@gmail.com)
diff --git a/man/ja/man5/faillog.5 b/man/ja/man5/faillog.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a983880
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man5/faillog.5
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 - 1994 Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\" $Id$
+.\"
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Modified Tue 18 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH FAILLOG 5
+.SH 名前
+faillog \- ログイン失敗を記録するファイル
+.SH 説明
+.I faillog
+は個々のアカウントに対するログイン失敗回数とその限度を記録する。
+ファイルは固定長レコードであり、UID 番号でインデックス付けされている。
+各レコードには、最後にログインに成功して以降のログイン失敗回数、
+アカウントが使用不能となるまでに許されるログイン失敗回数、
+最後にログインに失敗したときの接続デバイス、
+最後にログインに失敗した日付、
+が記録されている。
+.PP
+このファイルの構造は以下の通り。
+.DS
+
+        struct	faillog {
+                short   fail_cnt;
+                short   fail_max;
+                char    fail_line[12];
+                time_t  fail_time;
+        };
+
+.DE
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/var/log/faillog\fR \- ログイン失敗の記録
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR faillog (8)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (julie78787@gmail.com)
diff --git a/man/ja/man5/limits.5 b/man/ja/man5/limits.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8c8329
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man5/limits.5
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+.\"$Id$
+.\"
+.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2001 Maki KURODA
+.\"     all right reserved,
+.\" Translated Mon Nov  5 18:12:16 JST 2001
+.\" by Maki KURODA <mkuroda@aisys-jp.com>
+.\" Modified Tue 18 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH LIMITS 5
+.SH 名前
+limits \- リソース制限の定義
+.SH 説明
+.I limits
+ファイル (デフォルトでは /etc/limits。
+あるいは config.h で定義した LIMITS_FILE)
+には、設定したいリソース制限を記述する。
+このファイルは root が所有し、
+root アカウントのみが読み込み可能とするべきである．
+.PP
+デフォルトでは root に対する制限は設定できない。
+実は、root と同等のアカウント (UID 0 のアカウント)
+をこの手段によって制限することはできない。
+.PP
+各行には以下の形式でユーザに対する制限を記述する。
+.sp
+.I	user LIMITS_STRING
+.PP
+\fBLIMITS_STRING\fP はリソース制限の定義を連結させた文字列である。
+各制限の定義は、1 文字の識別子と、それに続く制限数値からなる。
+.PP
+有効な識別子は以下の通り。
+.sp
+A: アドレス空間の最大値 (KB)
+.br
+C: コアファイルサイズの最大値 (KB)
+.br
+D: データサイズの最大値 (KB)
+.br
+F: ファイルサイズの最大値 (KB)
+.br
+M: メモリ上にロックできるアドレス空間の最大値 (KB)
+.br
+N: ファイルオープン数の最大値
+.br
+R: レジデントセットサイズの最大値 (KB)
+.br
+S: スタックサイズの最大値 (KB)
+.br
+T: CPU 時間の最大値 (分)
+.br
+U: プロセス数の最大値
+.br
+K: \fBumask\fR(2) により設定される、ファイル作成時の mask
+.br
+L: このユーザの同時ログイン数の最大値
+.br
+P: \fBsetpriority\fR(2) によって設定されるプロセス優先度
+.PP
+例えば、\fIL2D2048N5\fP は正しい \fBLIMITS_STRING\fP である。
+以下の 2 つの例は等価である。2 番目のように読み易く書くこともできる。
+.sp
+username L2D2048N5
+.br
+username L2 D2048 N5
+.PP
+\fIusername\fP 以降の行の残りが制限用の文字列として扱われるので、
+コメントは書くことができない。
+login プログラムは、正しくない制限文字列は拒絶する (無視する)。
+.PP
+デフォルトのエントリは、ユーザ名が "\fB*\fP" となっているものである。
+\fBLIMITS_FILE\fP に複数の\fIデフォルト\fPを登録すると、
+最後のものがデフォルト指定として使用される。
+.PP
+あるユーザへの制限を完全に無効にするには、
+シングルダッシュ "\fB\-\fP" を使用する。
+.PP
+さらに、全ての制限の設定は「ログイン単位」で設定されていることに注意すること。
+制限はグローバルではなく、永続的でもない。
+グローバルな制限はいずれ可能になるだろうが、
+今のところは「TO DO」である。;)
+.\"nakano 二番目の文これでいいのかなあ。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/limits\fR
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR login (1),
+.BR setpriority (2),
+.BR setrlimit (2)
+.SH 著者
+Cristian Gafton (gafton@sorosis.ro)
diff --git a/man/ja/man5/login.access.5 b/man/ja/man5/login.access.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6ec97b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man5/login.access.5
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+.\"$Id$
+.\" this is comment
+.\"
+.\" This page is originally in the shadow package.
+.\" Translated Fri 14 Feb 1997
+.\"   by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Modified Tue 18 Sep 2002 by NAKNAO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH LOGIN.ACCESS 5
+.\" .Dt SKEY.ACCESS 5
+.\" .Os FreeBSD 1.2
+.SH 名前
+login.access \- ログインアクセスの制御表
+.SH 説明
+.I login.access
+ファイルには、ログインを許可または拒絶する、
+(ユーザ, ホスト) や (ユーザ, tty) の組み合わせを指定する。
+.PP
+誰かがログインすると、
+.I login.access
+ファイルがスキャンされ、最初にマッチする
+(ユーザ,ホスト) の組、
+あるいはネットワーク経由のログインでない場合は最初にマッチする
+(ユーザ, tty) の組を探す。
+このテーブルの許可フィールドによって、
+ログインが許可されるか拒絶されるかが決まる。
+.PP
+ログインアクセス制御表の各行は 3 つのフィールドからなり、
+文字 ":" で分割される。
+.sp 1
+.IR 	permission : users : origins
+.sp 1
+最初のフィールドは "\fB+\fR" (アクセスを許可する) か
+"\fB\-\fR" (アクセスを拒否する) でなければならない。
+二番目のフィールドは、一つ以上のログイン名やグループ名、
+もしくは
+.B ALL
+(必ずマッチする)
+でなければならない。
+三番目のフィールドは、
+tty 名 (ネットワーク経由でないログインの場合)、
+ホスト名、
+ドメイン名 ("\fB.\fR"で始まる)、
+ホストアドレス、
+インターネットのネットワーク番号 ("\fB.\fR"で終わる)、
+のひとつ以上の構成要素からなるリストであるか、
+.B ALL
+(必ずマッチする) または
+.B LOCAL
+("\fB.\fR"を全く含まない文字列全てにマッチする)
+のいずれかでなくてはならない。
+NIS を運用している場合は、ホストやユーザのパターンで
+@netgroupname が使える。
+.PP
+.B EXCEPT
+オペレータを用いると、
+非常に簡略にルールを指定できる。
+.PP
+group ファイルが検索されるのは、
+ログインするユーザ名が名前にマッチしなかった場合に限られる。
+マッチするグループは、
+group ファイル中でユーザ名が明示的にリストされているものに限られる。
+このプログラムはユーザの主グループの ID 番号までは見ない。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/login.access\fR
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR login (1)
+.SH 著者
+Guido van Rooij
diff --git a/man/ja/man5/login.defs.5 b/man/ja/man5/login.defs.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a812fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man5/login.defs.5
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\"	$Id$
+.\"
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Updated Wed Apr 26 17:22:36 JST 2000
+.\"         by Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
+.\" Updated Sat Jan 13 09:24:04 JST 2001
+.\"         by Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
+.\" Updated Tue 18 Sep 2002 by NAKNAO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.\" WORD: shadow login suite	shadow ログイン機能
+.TH LOGIN.DEFS 5
+.SH 名前
+/etc/login.defs \- shadow パスワード機能の設定
+.SH 説明
+.I /etc/login.defs
+ファイルは shadow ログイン機能に対するサイト固有の設定を定義する。
+このファイルは必ず存在しなければならない。
+このファイルが無くてもシステム運用は可能であるが、
+おそらく望まない結果となるだろう。
+.PP
+このファイルは読み取り可能なテキストファイルで、
+ファイル中の一行につき一つの設定パラメータを設定している。
+各行では、設定パラメータの名前とその値が空白で区切られて示される。
+空行とコメント行は無視される。
+コメント行は `#' 記号で始まる。
+記号`#'はその行での空白以外の最初の文字でなければならない。
+.PP
+パラメータ値は四つの型を取ることができる。
+文字列・ブール型・数値・倍精度数値、である。
+文字列には全ての印字可能文字を使える。
+ブール型パラメータの値は ``yes'' か ``no'' のいずれかでなければならない。
+値の指定されていないブール型パラメータや、
+``yes'', ``no'' 以外が指定されたブール型パラメータの値は ``no''とされる。
+(単精度および倍精度) 数値は、
+10 進数、
+(数値の前に ``0'' を付けた) 8 進数、
+(数値の前に ``0x'' を付けた) 16 進数のいずれかで指定する。
+単精度・倍精度数値パラメータの最大値は計算機に依存する。
+.PP
+以下に示すような設定項目がある:
+.\"
+.IP "CHFN_AUTH (ブール値)"
+もし
+.I yes
+なら、
+.BR chfn ", " chsh
+両プログラムは、スーパーユーザが起動したのでない限り
+何らかの変更を行なう前にパスワードを尋ねる。
+.\"
+.IP "CHFN_RESTRICT (文字列)"
+このパラメータは
+.I passwd
+ファイルの
+.I gecos
+フィールドのうち、
+一般ユーザが
+.B chfn
+を使って変更できるフィールドを指定する。
+指定する文字列は
+.IR f ,
+.IR r ,
+.IR w ,
+.I h
+各文字の任意の組み合わせで、それぞれフルネーム、部屋番号、
+職場電話番号、自宅電話番号を意味する。
+指定されなかった場合は、スーパーユーザだけが全ての項目を変更できる。
+最も制限をきつくしたい場合は、
+chfn を SUID ではインストールしなければよい。
+.\"
+.IP "GID_MAX (数値)"
+.IP "GID_MIN (数値)"
+.B useradd
+プログラムおよび
+.B groupadd
+プログラムがグループ ID を選択する時の範囲。
+.\"
+.IP "MAIL_DIR (文字列)"
+メールスプールディレクトリ。
+あるユーザアカウントが修正・削除された際に、
+そのユーザのメールボックスに対する作業のために必要となる。
+指定されないと、コンパイル時のデフォルト値が用いられる。
+.\"
+.IP "PASS_MAX_DAYS (数値)"
+一つのパスワードを使える最長日数。
+パスワードがこの日数よりも古い場合は、変更するよう強制される。
+指定されていない場合は \-1 となる (この制限機能を無効にする)。
+.IP "PASS_MIN_DAYS (数値)"
+パスワードを変更してから次に変更できるようになるまでの最短日数。
+この日数が経たないうちにパスワードを変更しようとしても拒否される。
+指定されていない場合は \-1 となる (この制限機能を無効にする)。
+.IP "PASS_WARN_AGE (数値)"
+パスワードの有効期限が来る前に警告を発する期間の日数。
+ゼロにしておくと、期限切れの当日にのみ警告を行い、
+負の数を指定した場合は一切警告を行わない。
+指定されていない場合は警告を行わない。
+.PP
+PASS_MAX_DAYS, PASS_MIN_DAYS, PASS_WARN_AGE
+はアカウントを作るときにだけ利用される。
+これらの設定を変更しても、既存のアカウントには影響しない。
+.\"
+.IP "UID_MAX (数値)"
+.IP "UID_MIN (数値)"
+.B useradd
+プログラムがユーザ ID を選択する時の範囲。
+.\"
+.IP "UMASK (数値)"
+許可属性マスクをこの値に初期化する。
+指定されていない場合は、許可属性マスクは 077 に初期化される。
+.\"
+.IP "USERDEL_CMD (文字列)"
+定義されていると、ユーザを削除するときにこのコマンドが実行される。
+削除されるユーザ (最初の引き数に渡される) の at/cron/print
+ジョブなどを削除するコマンドにしておくとよい。
+.\"
+.SH 参照表
+以下の参照表は、
+shadow パスワード機能のどのプログラムが
+どのパラメータを使用するかを示したものである。
+.na
+.IP chfn 12
+CHFN_AUTH CHFN_RESTRICT
+.IP chsh 12
+CHFN_AUTH
+.IP groupadd 12
+GID_MAX GID_MIN
+.IP newusers 12
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+UMASK
+.IP pwconv 12
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+.IP useradd 12
+GID_MAX GID_MIN
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+UID_MAX UID_MIN
+UMASK
+.IP userdel 12
+MAIL_DIR
+USERDEL_CMD
+.IP usermod 12
+MAIL_DIR
+.ad
+.SH バグ
+shadow パスワード機能によって提供されてきた機能の大部分は、
+現在は PAM によって処理されている。
+したがって、
+.BR login (1),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR su (1)
+などのプログラムは、もはや
+\fI/etc/login.defs\fR
+を用いない。
+対応する PAM の設定ファイルを調べるようにしてほしい。
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR login (1),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR su (1),
+.BR passwd (5),
+.BR shadow (5),
+.BR pam (8)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (julie78787@gmail.com)
+.br
+Chip Rosenthal (chip@unicom.com)
diff --git a/man/ja/man5/passwd.5 b/man/ja/man5/passwd.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56bf915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man5/passwd.5
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+.\"$Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 - 1990, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Modified Tue 18 Sep 2002 by NAKNAO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH PASSWD 5
+.SH 名前
+passwd \- パスワードファイル
+.SH 説明
+.I passwd
+ファイルには各ユーザアカウントの様々な情報が記録されている。
+書かれているのは次の通り。
+.IP "" .5i
+ログイン名
+.IP "" .5i
+暗号化されたパスワード (無いこともある)
+.IP "" .5i
+ユーザ ID 番号
+.IP "" .5i
+グループ ID 番号
+.IP "" .5i
+ユーザ名またはコメントのフィールド
+.IP "" .5i
+ユーザのホームディレクトリ
+.IP "" .5i
+ユーザのコマンドインタプリタ
+.PP
+パスワードが shadow 化されている場合は、
+パスワードフィールドを埋めてはならない。
+shadow パスワードを用いている場合、暗号化されたパスワードは
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR に書かれている。
+暗号化されたパスワードは、
+アルファベット a から z、A から Z、0 から 9、\. と / の
+64 文字から作られた 13 文字からなる。
+この文字列がどのように解釈されるかの詳細は
+\fBcrypt\fR(3) を参照のこと。
+.PP
+オプションとして、パスワードの後に、
+コンマに続いてパスワードの有効期限文字列が記されていることもある。
+この文字列はパスワードと同じ文字セットからなる。
+最初の文字は、パスワードが何週間有効かを示す。
+二番目の文字は、何週間経てばユーザがパスワードを変更できるかを示す。
+最後の二文字は、
+最後にパスワードを変更したのが
+1970 年 1 月から何週間経過した時点であるかを表す。
+パスワードの有効期限が過ぎた時は、
+ユーザは新しいパスワードを設定しなければならない。
+.PP
+コメントフィールドは
+\fBfinger\fR(1) のような様々なシステムユーティリティから利用される。
+コメントフィールドには、追加情報として、
+次のような 3 つの数値が記入されていることもある。
+.IP "" .5i
+pri= \- nice の初期設定値
+.IP "" .5i
+umask= \- umask の初期設定値
+.IP "" .5i
+ulimit= \- ulimit の初期設定値
+.PP
+これらのフィールドは互いに、また他のコメントフィールドと、
+コンマを用いて分離される。
+.PP
+ホームディレクトリフィールドは、
+初期作業ディレクトリの名前を与える。
+\fBlogin\fR はこの情報を用いて環境変数 \fBHOME\fR の内容を設定する。
+.PP
+コマンドインタプリタのフィールドには、
+ユーザのコマンド言語インタプリタか、
+最初に実行するプログラムの名前を記す。
+\fBlogin\fR はこの情報を用いて環境変数 \fBSHELL\fR の内容を設定する。
+このフィールドに何も記されていない場合は、
+デフォルト値として \fB/bin/sh\fR を使用する。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR login (1),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR su (1),
+.BR shadow (5),
+.BR pwconv (8),
+.BR pwunconv (8),
+.BR sulogin (8)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (julie78787@gmail.com)
diff --git a/man/ja/man5/porttime.5 b/man/ja/man5/porttime.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f288957
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man5/porttime.5
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+.\" $Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 - 1990, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Modified Tue 18 Sep 2002 by NAKNAO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH PORTTIME 5
+.SH 名前
+porttime \- ポートアクセス時間設定ファイル
+.SH 説明
+.I porttime
+は tty デバイス・ユーザ名・ログイン可能時間、のリストからなる。
+.PP
+それぞれのエントリは、コロンで区切られた三つのフィールドからなる。
+最初のフィールドはコンマで区切られた tty デバイスのリストで、
+アスタリスクを指定した場合はあらゆる tty デバイスにマッチする。
+二番目のフィールドはコンマで区切られたユーザ名のリストで、
+アスタリスクを指定した場合はあらゆるユーザにマッチする。
+三番目のフィールドは、
+コンマで区切られたログインを許可時間のリストである。
+.PP
+アクセス時間の各エントリは、
+\fBSu\fR, \fBMo\fR, \fBTu\fR, \fBWe\fR, \fBTh\fR, \fBFr\fR, \fBSa\fR
+で略記されたゼロ個以上の曜日と、
+ハイフンで区切られた 2 つの時刻とからなる。
+月曜日から金曜日までを指定する \fBWk\fR や、
+全ての日を指定する \fBAl\fR という略記法を用いることもできる。
+曜日の指定が無い場合は \fBAl\fR だとみなされる。
+.SH 例
+次のエントリは、ユーザ \fBjfh\fR が平日の午前9時から午後5時まで、
+全てのポートからアクセス可能であることを示す。
+.br
+.sp 1
+	*:jfh:Wk0900\-1700
+.br
+.sp 1
+次のエントリは、
+\fBroot\fR と \fBoper\fR 以外のユーザには、どの時間帯にも
+/dev/console からのアクセスを許可しない。
+この例は、\fI/etc/porttime\fR
+ファイルがアクセス可能時間のリストを
+どういう順序で扱うかも示している。
+他の全てのユーザは二番目のエントリにマッチし、
+したがって console からのアクセスは許可されない。
+.br
+.sp 1
+	console:root,oper:Al0000\-2400
+.br
+	console:*:
+.br
+.sp 1
+次のエントリは、
+ユーザ \fBgames\fR が、就業時間外なら
+あらゆるポートからアクセスできるように指定している。
+.br
+.sp 1
+	*:games:Wk1700\-0900,SaSu0000\-2400
+.br
+.sp 1
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/porttime\fR \- ポートへのアクセス可能時間を記したファイル
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR login (1)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (julie78787@gmail.com)
diff --git a/man/ja/man5/shadow.5 b/man/ja/man5/shadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb179df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man5/shadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+.\"$Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 - 1990, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Modified Tue 18 Sep 2002 by NAKNAO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH SHADOW 5
+.SH 名前
+shadow \- 暗号化されたパスワードファイル
+.SH 説明
+.I shadow
+にはユーザのアカウントに対する暗号化されたパスワード情報、
+およびオプションとしてパスワードの有効期限の情報が記されている。
+含まれている内容は
+.IP "" .5i
+ログイン名
+.IP "" .5i
+暗号化されたパスワード
+.IP "" .5i
+1970 年 1 月 1 日から、最後にパスワードが変更された日までの日数
+.IP "" .5i
+パスワードが変更可能となるまでの日数
+.IP "" .5i
+パスワードを変更しなくてはならなくなる日までの日数
+.IP "" .5i
+パスワード有効期限が来る前に、ユーザが警告を受ける日数
+.IP "" .5i
+パスワード有効期限が過ぎてからアカウントが使用不能になるまでの日数
+.IP "" .5i
+1970 年 1 月 1 日からアカウントが使用不能になる日までの日数
+.IP "" .5i
+予約フィールド
+.PP
+パスワードフィールドは必ず記入されていなくてはならない。
+暗号化されたパスワードは、
+a から z、A から Z のアルファベット、
+0 から 9 までの数字、 \. と / の 64 文字のうちの、
+13 文字以上 24 文字以下である。
+この文字列がどのように解釈されるかの詳細は \fBcrypt\fR(3) を参照せよ。
+.PP
+最後にパスワードを変更した日時は
+1970 年 1 月 1 日からの日数として記述される。
+パスワードは十分な日数が経過してからでないと変更できず、
+また最大日数が経過した後は必ず変更しなければならない。
+変更可能となるまでに要する日数が有効期限よりも大きい場合は、
+ユーザがパスワードを変更することは出来ない。
+.PP
+パスワードの有効期限が過ぎてから、
+指定日数のうちにパスワードを変更しなかった場合は、
+そのアカウントは無効になり、使えなくなる。
+また、アカウントを指定した期日に、
+(その他のパスワード有効期限情報にはよらず)
+使用不能とすることもできる。
+.PP
+この情報は、\fI/etc/passwd\fR 中の
+あらゆるパスワード情報・有効期限情報よりも優先される。
+.PP
+パスワードの安全性を保つためには、
+このファイルを一般ユーザが読めるようにしてはならない。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 暗号化されたユーザパスワード
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR chage (1),
+.BR login (1),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR su (1),
+.BR passwd (5),
+.BR pwconv (8),
+.BR pwunconv (8),
+.BR sulogin (8)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (julie78787@gmail.com)
diff --git a/man/ja/man5/suauth.5 b/man/ja/man5/suauth.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b379d03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man5/suauth.5
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+.\"$Id$
+.\"
+.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\"         all rights reserved.
+.\" Translated Fri 14 Feb 1997
+.\"     by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Modified Tue 18 Sep 2002 by NAKNAO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH SUAUTH 5 "Feb 14, 1996"
+.UC 5
+.SH 名前
+suauth \- su を詳細に制御するためのファイル
+.SH 書式
+.B /etc/suauth
+.SH 説明
+.I /etc/suauth
+ファイルは、
+su コマンドが実行されるたびに参照される。
+このファイルを用いると、
+以下の情報に基づいて su コマンドの動作を変更できる。
+.PP
+.RS
+.nf
+1) su で成り代わろうとしているユーザ
+.fi
+2) su コマンドを実行しているユーザ
+(もしくはそのユーザが属するグループのいずれか)
+.RE
+.PP
+このファイルは次の様な書式をしている。
+# で始まる行はコメントとして扱われ、無視される。
+.PP
+.RS
+to\-id:from\-id:ACTION
+.RE
+.PP
+ここで to\-id は、
+.B ALL
+という単語、
+コンマで区切られたユーザ名のリスト、
+.B ALL EXCEPT
+という単語以降に置かれた "," 区切りのユーザ名リスト、
+のいずれかである。
+.PP
+from\-id は to\-id と同じ書式であり、更に
+.B GROUP
+という単語も使用できる。
+.B ALL EXCEPT GROUP
+という使い方も同様に利用できる。
+.B GROUP
+の後には一つ以上のグループ名を "," で区切って記す。
+そのグループを主グループ id として持つだけではだめで、
+\fI/etc/group\fR のエントリにユーザ名が記されていなければならない。
+.PP
+ACTION には、以下のオプションのいずれか一つを指定できる。
+.TP 10
+.B DENY
+パスワードを聞く前に su 動作を中止する。
+.TP
+.B NOPASS
+自動的に su は成功し、パスワードは尋ねない。
+.TP
+.B OWNPASS
+su が成功するためには、
+ユーザが自分のパスワードを入力しなくてはならない。
+パスワードを入力するように要求される。
+.PP
+コロンによって区切られた別々のフィールドが三つある点に注意すること。
+コロンの前後に空白があってはならない。
+ファイルは一行毎に順番に吟味され、
+最初にマッチした規則が用いられ、
+ファイルの残りはそれ以上捜査されない。
+これによって、
+システム管理者は望む限りの微調整を行うことが可能となる。
+.SH 例
+.PP
+.nf
+# /etc/suauthファイルの例
+#
+# 二人の特権ユーザが、自分のパスワードを
+# 用いて root に su できる。
+#
+root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS
+# 
+# 他のユーザは wheel グループに属していない限り
+# root に su できない。これは BSD と同じ動作である。
+#
+root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY
+#
+# おそらく terry と birddog は同じ人間が
+# 所有するアカウントである。
+# パスワード無しで互いに他方に su できる。
+#
+terry:birddog:NOPASS
+birddog:terry:NOPASS
+#
+.fi
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/suauth\fR
+.SH バグ
+多くのバグが潜んでいる可能性がある。
+とりわけ、ファイルパーザは書式エラーに寛大ではなく、
+(行の始め及び終わり以外に) 無駄な空白があってはならないし、
+特定のトークンが別々のものを区切るようになっている。
+.SH 返り値
+ファイルをパースする際のエラーは
+.BR syslogd (8)
+を通して、AUTH ファシリティの ERR レベルで通知される。
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR su (1)
+.SH 著者
+.nf
+Chris Evans (lady0110@sable.ox.ac.uk)
+Lady Margaret Hall
+Oxford University
+England
diff --git a/man/ja/man8/chpasswd.8 b/man/ja/man8/chpasswd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b4ffff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man8/chpasswd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+.\"$Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Updated Wed Apr 26 18:06:10 JST 2000
+.\"         by Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
+.\" Updated & Modified Sat 21 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH CHPASSWD 8
+.SH 名前
+\fBchpasswd\fR \- パスワードファイルをバッチ処理で更新する
+.SH 書式
+\fBchpasswd\fR [\fB\-e\fR]
+.SH 説明
+\fBchpasswd\fR コマンドは
+標準入力からユーザ名とパスワードの組が記されているファイルを読み込み、
+その情報を用いて既存のユーザ群のパスワード情報を更新する。
+\-e オプションがない場合は、パスワードは平文とみなされる。
+\-e オプションがある場合は、パスワードは暗号化されているとみなされる。
+各行の書式は次の通り。
+.sp 1
+	  \fIuser_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR
+.sp 1
+指定したユーザは既に存在していなければならない。
+与えられたパスワードは必要に応じて暗号化され、
+パスワードの有効期限がある場合はそれも更新される。
+.PP
+このコマンドは、同時に大量のアカウントを作成するような、
+大規模なシステム環境で用いるために作られた。
+.SH 警告
+.\" The \fBmkpasswd\fR command must be executed afterwards to update the
+.\" DBM password files.
+入力ファイルに暗号化されていないパスワードが記されている場合は、
+適切に保護しておかなければならない。
+.\" This command may be discarded in favor of the newusers(8) command.
+.SH 関連項目
+.\" mkpasswd(8), passwd(1), useradd(1)
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR newusers (8),
+.BR useradd (8)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (julie78787@gmail.com)
diff --git a/man/ja/man8/faillog.8 b/man/ja/man8/faillog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88f5edb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man8/faillog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+.\"$Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 \- 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Modified Sat 21 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH FAILLOG 8
+.SH 名前
+faillog \- faillog を調べ、login 失敗の制限を設定する
+.SH 書式
+\fBfaillog\fR [\fB\-u\fR \fIlogin\-name\fR] [\fB\-a\fR] [\fB\-t\fR \fIdays\fR]
+[\fB\-m\fR \fImax\fR] [\fB\-pr\fR] 
+.SH 説明
+\fBfaillog\fR はログインの失敗を記録するログファイル
+\fI/var/log/faillog\fR の内容を整形し、
+失敗の回数と制限値を記録・管理する。
+\fBfaillog\fR に与える引数の順序は重要であり、
+各引数は与えられた順に直ちに処理される。
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR フラグを指定するとログイン失敗のエントリを UID 順に表示する。
+\fB\-u \fIlogin\-name\fR と入力すると、
+\fIlogin\-name\fR のログイン失敗記録のみを表示する。
+\fB\-t \fIdays\fR と入力すると、
+最近 \fIdays\fR 日以内のログイン失敗の記録を表示する。
+\fB\-u\fR フラグを指定すると \fB\-t\fR フラグは無視される。
+.\"nakano というのが実際の動作のような気がするのだけど...
+\fB\-a\fR フラグを用いると全ユーザに対する記録が表示される。
+このフラグを \fB\-p\fR フラグとともに用いると、
+これまでにログインに失敗した全てのユーザが表示される。
+\fB\-a\fR は \fB\-r\fR フラグと用いても意味が無い。
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR フラグはログイン失敗回数の記録をリセットする。
+このオプションを用いるには
+\fI/var/log/faillog\fR への書き込み権限が必要である。
+\fB\-u \fIlogin\-name\fR と入力すると、
+\fIlogin\-name\fR のログイン失敗回数のみをリセットする。
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR フラグは、
+アカウントが使用不能になるまでの最大のログイン失敗回数を設定する。
+このオプションを用いるには
+\fI/var/log/faillog\fR への書き込み権限が必要である。
+\fB\-m \fImax\fR と入力すると、
+全てのアカウントはログイン失敗回数が \fImax\fR になると使用不能になる。
+.\"nakano double meaning...
+\fB\-u \fIlogin\-name\fR を同時に用いると、
+この機能を \fIlogin\-name\fR だけに作用させることができる。
+\fImax\fR の値を 0 にするとログインの失敗回数には制限が無くなる。
+システムに対するサービス不能攻撃を防ぐため、
+\fBroot\fR の最大ログイン失敗回数は常に 0 にしておくべきである。
+.PP
+オプションはほぼどのように組み合わせても良い。
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-r\fR, \fB\-m\fR
+の各オプションは、
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-t\fR の指定による修正を受け、
+指定した順に実行される。
+.SH 警告
+\fBfaillog\fR は、
+最後に失敗して以降ログインに成功していないユーザのみを表示する。
+ログインに失敗した後に正しくログインできたユーザも表示させるには、
+\fB\-u\fR フラグを用いてそのユーザを明示的に指定するか、
+\fB\-a\fR フラグを用いて全ユーザを表示させなければならない。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/var/log/faillog\fR \- 失敗を記録したファイル
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR login (1),
+.BR faillog (5)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (julie78787@gmail.com)
diff --git a/man/ja/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/ja/man8/groupadd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..926cc8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man8/groupadd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+.\"$Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Updated & Modified Sat 21 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH GROUPADD 8
+.SH 名前
+groupadd \- 新しいグループを作成する
+.SH 書式
+\fBgroupadd\fR [\fB\-g\fR \fIgid \fR[\fB\-o\fR]] [\fB\-f\fR] \fIgroup\fR
+.SH 説明
+\fBgroupadd\fR コマンドは、
+コマンドライン上で指定された値と
+システムのデフォルト値とを用いて新しいグループを作成する。
+新しいグループが必要に応じてシステムファイルに記入される。
+\fBgroupadd\fR コマンドに指定できるオプションは次の通り。
+.IP "\fB\-g \fIgid\fR"
+新規グループの ID 番号。
+この値は、\fB\-o\fR オプションを用いる場合を除き、他と重複してはならない。
+また非負値でなければならない。
+デフォルトでは、99 および他のあらゆる既存グループの ID よりも大きい、
+最小の数値となる。
+0 から 999 までの値は、
+通常システム用のアカウントに予約されている。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/group\fR \- グループアカウント情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- 安全なグループアカウント情報
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR chfn (1),
+.BR chsh (1),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR groupdel (8),
+.BR groupmod (8),
+.BR useradd (8),
+.BR userdel (8),
+.BR usermod (8)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (julie78787@gmail.com)
diff --git a/man/ja/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/ja/man8/groupdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4222261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man8/groupdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+.\"$Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Updated & Modified Sat 21 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH GROUPDEL 8
+.SH 名前
+groupdel \- グループを削除する
+.SH 書式
+\fBgroupdel\fR \fIgroup\fR
+.SH 説明
+\fBgroupdel\fR コマンドは、システムアカウントファイルを修正し、
+グループ \fIgroup\fR に対応するすべてのエントリを削除する。
+指定されたグループは存在していなければならない。
+.PP
+全てのファイルシステムに、
+指定したグループの ID を持つファイルが残っていないことを、
+手作業で確認しなくてはならない。
+.SH 警告
+存在するユーザの主グループを削除してはならない。
+グループを削除する前にそのユーザを削除しなければならない。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/group\fR \- グループ情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- 安全なグループ情報
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR chfn (1),
+.BR chsh (1),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR groupadd (8),
+.BR groupmod (8),
+.BR useradd (8),
+.BR userdel (8),
+.BR usermod (8)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (julie78787@gmail.com)
diff --git a/man/ja/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/ja/man8/groupmod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0d2f7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man8/groupmod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+.\"$Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Updated & Modified Sat 21 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH GROUPMOD 8
+.SH 名前
+groupmod \- グループを修正する
+.SH 書式
+\fBgroupmod\fR [\fB\-g\fR \fIgid\fR [\fB\-o\fR]] [\fB\-n\fR \fIgroup_name\fR]
+\fIgroup\fR
+.SH 説明
+\fBgroupmod\fR コマンドは、
+コマンドラインからの指定によって、
+システムアカウントファイルを修正する。
+\fIgroupmod\fR コマンドに指定できるオプションは次の通り。
+.IP "\fB\-g \fIgid\fR"
+変更を受けるグループの ID 番号。
+この値は、\fB\-o\fR オプションを用いる場合を除き、他と重複してはならない。
+また非負値でなくてはならない。
+デフォルトは、999 および他のあらゆる既存グループの ID よりも大きい、
+最小の数値となる。
+変更前のグループ ID を持つ全てのファイルは、
+手作業で新しいグループ ID へと変更しなければならない。
+.IP "\fB\-n \fIgroup_name\fR"
+グループの名前が \fIgroup\fR から \fIgroup_name\fR に変更される。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/group\fR \- グループ情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- 安全なグループ情報
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR chfn (1),
+.BR chsh (1),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR groupadd (8),
+.BR groupdel (8),
+.BR useradd (8),
+.BR userdel (8),
+.BR usermod (8)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (julie78787@gmail.com)
diff --git a/man/ja/man8/grpck.8 b/man/ja/man8/grpck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..307a37a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man8/grpck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+.\"$Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1992 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Updated & Modified Sat 21 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH GRPCK 8
+.SH 名前
+grpck \- グループファイルが正しいかどうか検査する
+.SH 書式
+\fBgrpck\fR [\fB\-r\fR] [\fIgroup\fR \fIshadow\fR]
+.SH 説明
+\fBgrpck\fR コマンドはシステムの認証情報が正しいかどうか検査する。
+\fI/etc/group\fR と \fI/etc/gshadow\fR
+各ファイルの全てのエントリに対し、
+各フィールドの書式が正しいか、
+そのデータが有効なものかどうかを検証する。
+書式が正しくないエントリや、
+修正不能な誤りを含むエントリは削除するようプロンプトを出す。
+.P
+各々のエントリに対して
+.sp
+.in +.5i
+\- フィールドの数が正しいか
+.br
+\- グループ名に重複がないか
+.br
+\- メンバーのリストと管理者のリストが正しいか
+.in -.5i
+.sp
+がチェックされる。
+.P
+フィールドの数が間違っていたり、
+グループ名が重複しているのは致命的なエラーである。
+フィールドの数が正しくない場合、
+ユーザーはそのエントリ行を削除するよう促される。
+削除に同意しなかった場合は、それ以降のチェックは行われない。
+重複したグループ名があった場合も削除を促されるが、
+この場合は削除しなくてもそれ以降のチェックは続行される。
+他の全てのエラーに対しては警告がなされる。
+\fBgroupmod\fR コマンドを実行してそのエラーを修正すると良いだろう。
+.P
+\fI/etc/group\fR ファイルを操作するコマンドは、
+壊れたエントリや重複したエントリを変更できない。
+そのような際に誤りのあるエントリを削除するには
+\fBgrpck\fR を用いるとよい。
+.SH オプション
+デフォルトでは \fBgrpck\fR は \fI/etc/group\fR ファイルと
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR に対して動作する。
+\fIgroup\fR パラメータと \fIshadow\fR パラメータを用いて、
+別のファイルを選択することもできる。
+さらに \fB\-r\fR フラグを指定すれば、
+リードオンリーモードでコマンドを実行することもできる。
+この場合、変更を行うかどうかはユーザへ問い合わされず、
+自動的に \fBno\fR と回答される。
+.B grpck
+は
+\fI/etc/group\fR と \fI/etc/gshadow\fR
+のエントリを GID でソートすることもできる。
+ソートモードで動作させるには \fB\-s\fR フラグを与える。
+この場合チェックは行われず、単にソートするだけである。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/group\fR \  \- グループアカウント情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- 暗号化されたパスワードとグループ管理者情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \ \- ユーザー情報
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR group (5),
+.BR passwd (5),
+.BR shadow (5),
+.BR groupmod (8)
+.SH 返り値
+\fBgrpck\fR コマンドは終了時に以下の値を返す:
+.IP 0 5
+成功
+.IP 1 5
+構文エラー
+.IP 2 5
+誤ったグループエントリが存在する
+.IP 3 5
+グループファイルをオープンできない
+.IP 4 5
+グループファイルをロックできない
+.IP 5 5
+グループファイルを更新できない
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (julie78787@gmail.com)
diff --git a/man/ja/man8/grpconv.8 b/man/ja/man8/grpconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man8/grpconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/ja/man8/grpunconv.8 b/man/ja/man8/grpunconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man8/grpunconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/ja/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/ja/man8/lastlog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..763930d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man8/lastlog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+.\"$Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1992, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1992, Phillip Street
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"	@(#)lastlog.8	3.3	08:24:58	29 Sep 1993 (National Guard Release)
+.\"
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Updated & Modified Thu Oct 14 1997 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\" Updated Fri Jan 12 2001 by Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
+.\" Updated Mon Mar  4 2002 by kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
+.\" Modified Sat 21 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH LASTLOG 8
+.SH 名前
+lastlog \- lastlog ファイルを調べる
+.SH 書式
+.TP 8
+\fBlastlog\fR [(\fB\-u\fR|\fB\-\-user\fR) \fIlogin\fR]
+[(\fB\-t\fR|\fB\-\-time\fR) \fIdays\fR] [(\fB\-h\fR|\fB\-\-help\fR)]
+.SH 説明
+\fBlastlog\fR は最終ログインの記録ファイル
+\fI/var/log/lastlog\fR の内容を整形して表示する。
+\fBログイン名\fR・\fBポート\fR・\fB最終ログイン時刻\fR、が表示される。
+オプションを指定しなかった場合、デフォルトでは
+lastlog エントリを UID の数値でソートして表示する。
+.TP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR \fIlogin\-name\fR
+\fIlogin\-name\fR の記録だけを表示する。
+.TP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR \fIdays\fR
+最近 \fIdays\fR 日以内の最終ログインを表示する。
+.TP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+オンラインヘルプを表示して終了する。
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR フラグを用いると \fB\-t\fR は無視される。
+.\"nakano というのが実際の動作のように見えるのだが。
+.PP
+一度もログインしていないユーザに対しては、
+ポートと時刻の代わりに
+\fB"**Never logged in**"\fR
+というメッセージが表示される。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/var/log/lastlog\fR \- lastlog 記録ファイル
+.SH 警告
+UID 番号に大きな飛びがあると、
+lastlog プログラムは長時間画面に何も出力しないまま
+実行を続ける (例えば mmdf が 800 で最後の UID が 170 の場合、
+UID が 171\-799 の間プログラムは何も出力しないので、
+ハングしたように見える)。
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (julie78787@gmail.com)
+.BR
+Phillip Street
diff --git a/man/ja/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/ja/man8/logoutd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1ff2d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man8/logoutd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+.\"$Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Modified Sat 21 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH LOGOUTD 8
+.SH 名前
+logoutd \- ログイン時間の制限を実施する
+.SH 書式
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+.SH 説明
+\fBlogoutd\fR は \fI/etc/porttime\fR
+に記されているログイン時間・ポートに対する制限を実施する。
+.B logoutd
+は \fI/etc/rc\fR によって起動されるようにする。
+\fI/etc/utmp\fR ファイルが定期的にスキャンされ、
+ログインしている各ユーザが
+\fI/etc/porttime\fR 中でのそのユーザの許可
+(ポートと時刻) に反していないか調べる。
+\fI/etc/porttime\fR の制限に反するログインセッションは終了させられる。
+.SH ファイル
+/etc/porttime \- ログインとポートの許可
+.br
+/etc/utmp \- 現在のログインセッション
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (julie78787@gmail.com)
diff --git a/man/ja/man8/newusers.8 b/man/ja/man8/newusers.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..604ca82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man8/newusers.8
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+.\"$Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1996 HANATAKA Shinya
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\" Translated Wed Nov 20 17:42:39 JST 1996
+.\"         by HANATAKA Shinya
+.\" Modified Sun 22 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH NEWUSERS 8
+.SH 名前
+newusers \- ユーザの新規作成や情報更新をバッチ処理で行う
+.SH 書式
+\fBnewusers\fR [\fInew_users\fR]
+.SH 説明
+\fBnewusers\fR はユーザ名と平文パスワードとの組を記したファイルを読み、
+その情報をもとに既存のユーザ情報の変更や新規ユーザの作成を行う。
+このファイルの書式は、
+下記の点を除き標準的なパスワードファイル
+(\fBpasswd\fR(5) 参照) と同じである。
+.IP "\fIpw_passwd\fR" 10
+このフィールドが暗号化され、新しい暗号化パスワードとなる。
+.IP "\fIpw_age\fR"
+このフィールドは shadow ファイル向けの情報であるが、
+ユーザがすでに存在する場合は無視される。
+.IP "\fIpw_gid\fR"
+このフィールドに既存のグループを指定した場合は、
+ユーザはそのグループに加えられる。
+存在しないグループ ID を指定した場合は、
+そのグループ ID で新たなグループが作成される。
+.IP "\fIpw_dir\fR"
+このフィールドで指定したディレクトリがすでに存在するかチェックし、
+もし存在しなければ新たにディレクトリが作られる。
+このディレクトリの所有者は、
+新規作成されたユーザ、あるいは情報が変更されたユーザとなる。
+.PP
+このコマンドは、同時に大量のアカウントを作成するような、
+大規模なシステム環境で用いるために作られた。
+.SH 警告
+入力ファイルには暗号化されていないパスワードが含まれるため、
+適切に保護しておかなければならない。
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR useradd (8)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (julie78787@gmail.com)
diff --git a/man/ja/man8/pwck.8 b/man/ja/man8/pwck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74ebcbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man8/pwck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+.\"$Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1992, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Updated  Sun 3 Mar 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\" Modified Sun 22 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo
+.\"
+.TH PWCK 8
+.SH 名前
+pwck \- パスワードファイルが正しいかどうか検査する
+.SH 書式
+\fBpwck\fR [\fB\-sr\fR] [\fIpasswd\fR \fIshadow\fR]
+.SH 説明
+\fBpwck\fR コマンドはシステムの認証情報が正しいかどうか検査する。
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR と \fI/etc/shadow\fR
+各ファイルのすべてのエントリに対し、
+各フィールドの書式が正しいか、
+そのデータが有効なものかどうかを検証する。
+書式が正しくないエントリや、
+修正不能な誤りを含むエントリは削除するようプロンプトを出す。
+.P
+各々のエントリに対して
+.sp
+.in +.5i
+\- フィールドの数が正しいか
+.br
+\- ユーザ名に重複がないか
+.br
+\- ユーザやグループの ID が正しいか
+.br
+\- プライマリグループが正しいか
+.br
+\- ホームディレクトリが正しいか
+.br
+\- ログインシェルが正しいか
+.in -.5i
+.sp
+がチェックされる。
+.P
+フィールドの数が間違っていたり、
+グループ名が重複しているのは致命的なエラーである。
+フィールドの数が正しくない場合、
+ユーザーはそのエントリ行を削除するよう促される。
+削除に同意しなかった場合は、それ以降のチェックは行われない。
+重複したグループ名があった場合も削除を促されるが、
+この場合は削除しなくてもそれ以降のチェックは続行される。
+他のすべてのエラーに対しては警告がなされる。
+\fBusermod\fR コマンドを実行してそのエラーを修正すると良いだろう。
+.P
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR ファイルを操作するコマンドは、
+壊れたエントリや重複したエントリを変更できない。
+そのような際に誤りのあるエントリを削除するには
+\fBpwck\fR を用いるとよい。
+.SH オプション
+デフォルトでは \fBpwck\fR は \fI/etc/passwd\fR ファイルと
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR に対して動作する。
+\fIpasswd\fR パラメータと \fIshadow\fR パラメータを用いて、
+別のファイルを選択することもできる。
+さらに \fB\-r\fR フラグを指定すれば、
+リードオンリーモードでコマンドを実行することもできる。
+この場合、変更を行うかどうかはユーザへ問い合わされず、
+自動的に \fBno\fR と回答される。
+\fBpwck\fR は \fI/etc/passwd\fR と \fI/etc/shadow\fR
+のエントリを UID でソートすることもできる。
+ソートモードで動作させるには \fB\-s\fR フラグを与える。
+この場合チェックは行われず、単にソートするだけである。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザーアカウント情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 暗号化されたパスワード情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/group\fR \ \- グループ情報
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR group (5),
+.BR passwd (5),
+.BR shadow (5),
+.BR usermod (8)
+.SH 返り値
+\fBpwck\fR コマンドは以下の値を返して終了する:
+.IP 0 5
+成功
+.IP 1 5
+構文エラー
+.IP 2 5
+誤ったパスワードエントリーが存在する
+.IP 3 5
+パスワードファイルをオープンできない
+.IP 4 5
+パスワードファイルをロックできない
+.IP 5 5
+パスワードファイルを更新出来ない
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (julie78787@gmail.com)
diff --git a/man/ja/man8/pwconv.8 b/man/ja/man8/pwconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e48a926
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man8/pwconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+.\"$Id$
+.\"
+.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2001 Yuichi SATO
+.\"         all rights reserved.
+.\" Translated Sat Dec  1 20:09:17 JST 2001
+.\"         by Yuichi SATO <ysato@h4.dion.ne.jp>
+.\" Modified Sun 22 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH PWCONV 8 "26 Sep 1997"
+.SH 名前
+pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv \- パスワード・グループの shadow 化と、通常ファイルへの逆変換
+.SH 書式
+.B pwconv
+.br
+.B pwunconv
+.br
+.B grpconv
+.br
+.B grpunconv
+.SH 説明
+これら 4 つのプログラムは、
+通常のパスワードファイル・グループファイルと、
+shadow 化されたパスワードファイル・グループファイルである
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR ", " \fI/etc/group\fR ", " \fI/etc/shadow\fR ", " \fI/etc/gshadow\fR
+を操作する。
+
+\fBpwconv\fR は \fIpasswd\fR から \fIshadow\fR を作成する
+(すでに存在する場合は \fIshadow\fR の情報も用いる)。
+\fBpwunconv\fR は \fIpasswd\fR と \fIshadow\fR から
+\fIpasswd\fR を作成し、\fIshadow\fR を削除する。
+\fBgrpconv\fR は \fIgroup\fR から \fIgshadow\fR を作成する
+(すでに存在する場合は \fIgshadow\fR の情報も用いる)。
+\fBgrpunconv\fR は \fIgroup\fR と \fIgshadow\fR から
+\fIgroup\fR を作成し、\fIgshadow\fR を削除する。
+
+各プログラムは変換前に、必要なロックを要求する。
+
+.B pwconv 
+と
+.B grpconv
+とは以下の点で類似している。
+まず、shadow 化ファイルにあるエントリのうち、
+通常ファイルにないものは、削除される。
+また、shadow 化ファイルにあるエントリのうち、
+通常ファイルでパスワードが `x' になっていないものは、更新される。
+最後に、通常ファイルに書かれたパスワードは `x' に置き換えられる。
+これらのプログラムは、初めて変換を行うときにも、
+また通常のファイルを手動で編集した際に、
+shadow 化ファイルを更新するときにも利用できる。
+
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR に新しいエントリを追加するとき、
+\fBpwconv\fR は \fI/etc/login.defs\fR
+の
+.BR PASS_MIN_DAYS ", " PASS_MAX_DAYS ", " PASS_WARN_AGE
+の値を使う。
+
+同じように、
+\fBpwunconv\fR と \fBgrpunconv\fR
+とは以下の点で類似している。
+通常ファイルのパスワードは、
+shadow 化ファイルのもので更新される。
+通常ファイルにあるエントリは、
+shadow 化ファイルにはそのエントリがなくても、
+そのまま置かれ続ける。
+最後に、 shadow 化ファイルは削除される。
+
+パスワードの有効期限情報の一部は、
+.B pwunconv 
+によって失われる。変換できるものは変換される。
+.SH バグ
+(不正なエントリや重複したエントリといった)
+エラーがパスワードファイルやグループファイルにあると、
+プログラムは永遠にループしたり、おかしな形で失敗するかもしれない。
+shadow パスワード・グループへの変換や
+shadow 化ファイルからの逆変換を行う前に、
+\fBpwck\fR と \fBgrpck\fR を実行してエラーを修正すること。
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR login.defs (5),
+.BR grpck (8),
+.BR pwck (8)
diff --git a/man/ja/man8/pwunconv.8 b/man/ja/man8/pwunconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man8/pwunconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/ja/man8/sulogin.8 b/man/ja/man8/sulogin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3be583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man8/sulogin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+.\" $Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 - 1992, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Modified Sun 22 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH SULOGIN 8
+.SH 名前
+sulogin \- シングルユーザ login
+.SH 書式
+\fBsulogin\fR [\fItty\-device\fR]
+.SH 説明
+.B sulogin
+は、シングルユーザモードの時、
+ユーザがシステムにアクセス可能となる前に、
+\fI/etc/init\fR によって起動される。
+この機能は、\fBinit\fR が適切に変更されているシステムか、
+あるいは \fI/etc/inittab\fR にシングルユーザ login
+のエントリがあるシステムでのみ利用できる。
+.PP
+次のようなプロンプトが出る。
+.IP "" .5i
+Type control\-d to proceed with normal startup,
+.br
+(or give root password for system maintenance):
+.PP
+オプションのデバイス名引数が指定された場合を除き、
+標準のファイルディスクリプタを用いて入出力を行なう。
+.PP
+ユーザが正しい root のパスワードを入力した場合は、
+ログインセッションが開始される。
+\fBEOF\fR が押された場合は、
+システムはマルチユーザモードに入る。
+.PP
+ユーザがシングルユーザシェルを抜けた、
+あるいは (シェルに入る前に) \fBEOF\fR を押した後には、
+システムはマルチユーザモードに入るために必要な初期化処理を開始する。
+.SH 警告
+このコマンドが利用できるようにするには、
+\fBinit\fR が \fB/bin/sh\fR ではなく
+\fBsulogin\fR を呼ぶようになっているか、
+または
+\fIinittab\fR
+中にシングルユーザログインに対する設定がされている必要がある。
+例えば、
+.br
+.sp 1
+co:s:respawn:/etc/sulogin /dev/console
+.br
+.sp 1
+という行を書いておけば、
+シングルユーザモードでは sulogin コマンドが実行される。
+.PP
+可能な限り完全な環境が提供される。
+しかし、
+様々なデバイスがマウントされていなかったり初期化されていなかったりするため、
+多くのユーザコマンドが使えなかったり機能しないかもしれない。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 暗号化されたパスワードと有効期限の情報
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR login (1),
+.BR sh (1),
+.BR init (8)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (julie78787@gmail.com)
diff --git a/man/ja/man8/useradd.8 b/man/ja/man8/useradd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e75055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man8/useradd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+.\" $Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1996 HANATAKA Shinya
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\" Translated Wed Nov 20 17:42:39 JST 1996
+.\"         by HANATAKA Shinya 
+.\" Updated Mon Mar  5 JST 2002 by Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
+.\" Modified Sun 22 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.\"WORD:        initial group           主グループ
+.\"WORD:        supplementary group     補助グループ
+.\"
+.TH USERADD 8
+.SH 名前
+useradd \- 新規ユーザの作成・新規ユーザのデフォルト情報の更新
+.SH 書式
+.TP 8
+\fBuseradd\fR [\fB\-c\fR \fIcomment\fR] [\fB\-d\fR \fIhome_dir\fR]
+.br
+[\fB\-e\fR \fIexpire_date\fR] [\fB\-f\fR \fIinactive_time\fR]
+.br
+[\fB\-g\fR \fIinitial_group\fR] [\fB\-G\fR \fIgroup\fR[,...]]
+.br
+[\fB\-m\fR [\fB\-k\fR \fIskeleton_dir\fR]] [\fB\-o\fR] [\fB\-p\fR \fIpasswd\fR]
+.br
+[\fB\-s\fR \fIshell\fR] [\fB\-u\fR \fIuid\fR] \fIlogin\fR
+.TP 8
+\fBuseradd\fR \fB\-D\fR [\fB\-g\fR \fIdefault_group\fR] [\fB\-b\fR \fIdefault_home\fR]
+.br
+[\fB\-e\fR \fIdefault_expire_date\fR] [\fB\-f\fR \fIdefault_inactive\fR]
+.br
+[\fB\-s\fR \fIdefault_shell\fR]
+.SH 説明
+.SS 新規ユーザの作成
+\fB\-D\fR オプションなしで実行された場合、
+\fBuseradd\fR コマンドは
+コマンドラインの値とデフォルトの設定値をもとに
+新規ユーザのアカウントを作成する。
+コマンドラインオプションに応じて、
+新規ユーザのアカウントが必要なシステムファイルに追加され、
+ホームディレクトリが作成され、
+設定ファイルがコピーされる。
+\fBuseradd\fR コマンドのオプションは次の通り。
+.IP "\fB\-c\fR \fIcomment\fR"
+パスワードファイルに追加する新規ユーザのコメントフィールド。
+.IP "\fB\-d\fR \fIhome_dir\fR"
+新規ユーザのログインディレクトリを \fIhome_dir\fR にする。
+デフォルトでは \fIlogin\fR を
+\fIdefault_home\fR に付け加えたものがログインディレクトリとなる。
+.IP "\fB\-e\fR \fIexpire_date\fR"
+ユーザアカウントが使用不能になる日付。
+日付は \fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR という書式で指定する。
+.IP "\fB\-f\fR \fIinactive_days\fR"
+パスワードの使用期限が切れてからアカウントが永久に使用不能になるまでの日数。
+0 にすると、
+パスワードの期限が切れると同時にこのアカウントは使用不能になる。
+\-1 にするとこの機能が無効になる。デフォルト値は \-1。
+.IP "\fB\-g\fR \fIinitial_group\fR"
+ユーザの属する主グループのグループ名または ID。
+グループ名はすでに存在していなければならない。
+グループ ID は既存のグループに対応するものでなければならない。
+デフォルトのグループ ID は 1 か、
+または \fI/etc/default/useradd\fR
+で指定されているものがあればそれに従う。
+.IP "\fB\-G\fR \fIgroup,[...]\fR"
+ユーザの属する補助グループ (supplementary groups) のリスト。
+グループはコンマで区切り、間に空白を入れてはならない。
+指定できるグループには \fB\-g\fR オプションと同様の制限がある。
+デフォルトでは、ユーザは主グループのみに属する。
+.IP \fB\-m\fR
+ホームディレクトリが存在しない場合には、ホームディレクトリを作成する。
+\fB\-k\fR オプションを同時に指定すると \fIskeleton_dir\fR 以下のファイルが、
+指定しないと \fI/etc/skel\fR 以下のファイルが、
+ホームディレクトリにコピーされる。
+ホームディレクトリには、
+\fIskeleton_dir\fR または \fI/etc/skel\fR
+に含まれるすべてのディレクトリも作成される。
+\fB\-k\fR オプションは、
+\fB\-m\fR オプションとともに使われる場合のみ有効である。
+デフォルトでは、ホームディレクトリを作らず、ファイルのコピーもしない。
+.IP "\fB\-o\fR"
+重複した (固有でない) UID でユーザを作成できるようにする。
+.IP "\fB\-p\fR \fIpasswd\fR"
+\fBcrypt\fR(3) の返り値である暗号化パスワード。
+デフォルトでは、アカウントは使えない状態となる。
+.IP "\fB\-s\fR \fIshell\fR"
+ユーザのログインシェルの名前。
+デフォルトではこのフィールドは空白となり、
+システムがデフォルトのログインシェルを選ぶ。
+.IP "\fB\-u\fR \fIuid\fR"
+ユーザの ID 番号。
+この値は、\fB\-o\fR オプションを用いる場合を除き、他と重複してはならない。
+また非負値でなくてはならない。
+デフォルトでは、 999 および他のあらゆる既存ユーザの ID よりも大きい、
+最小の数値となる。
+0 から 999 までの値は、
+通常システム用のアカウントに予約されている。
+.SS デフォルト値の変更
+\fB\-D\fR オプションを指定すると、
+\fBuseradd\fR は現在のデフォルト値を表示するか、
+またはオプションで与えられた値に応じてデフォルト値を変更する。
+使用可能なオプションは次の通り。
+.IP "\fB\-b\fR \fIdefault_home\fR"
+新規ユーザのホームディレクトリのパスのプレフィックス。
+新規ユーザアカウントの作成時に \fB\-d\fI オプションが指定されないと、
+\fIdefault_home\fR の後にユーザ名を付け加えたものが
+新規ディレクトリ名として使われる。
+.IP "\fB\-e\fR \fIdefault_expire_date\fR"
+ユーザアカウントが使用不能となる日付。
+.IP "\fB\-f\fR \fIdefault_inactive\fR"
+パスワードの使用期限が切れてからアカウントが使用不能となるまでの日数。
+.IP "\fB\-g\fR \fIdefault_group\fR"
+新規ユーザの属する主グループのグループ名またはグループ ID。
+グループ名はすでに存在するものでなければならない。
+グループ ID は既存のグループに対応するものでなければならない。
+.IP "\fB\-s\fR \fIdefault_shell\fR"
+新規ユーザのログインシェル。
+指定されたプログラムは、
+今後作られるすべての新規ユーザアカウントに適用される。
+.PP
+オプションを指定しないと、
+\fBuseradd\fR は現在のデフォルト値を表示する。
+.SH 注意
+\fI/etc/skel\fR ディレクトリにデフォルトのユーザファイルを置くのは
+システム管理者の行うべき作業である。
+.SH 警告
+NIS のグループにユーザを加えてはならない。
+これは必ず NIS サーバ上で行うこと。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 安全なユーザアカウント情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/group\fR \ \- グループ情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/default/useradd\fR \- デフォルト情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/skel/\fR \ \- ファイルの雛形が置かれるディレクトリ
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR chfn (1),
+.BR chsh (1),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR crypt (3),
+.BR groupadd (8),
+.BR groupdel (8),
+.BR groupmod (8),
+.BR userdel (8),
+.BR usermod (8)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (julie78787@gmail.com)
diff --git a/man/ja/man8/userdel.8 b/man/ja/man8/userdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..621ae2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man8/userdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+.\" $Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Updated Fri Jan 12 JST 2000 by Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
+.\" Updated Fri Mar  1 JST 2002 by Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
+.\" Modified Sun 22 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH USERDEL 8
+.SH 名前
+userdel \- ユーザのアカウントと関連ファイルを削除する
+.SH 書式
+.B userdel
+[\fB\-r\fR]
+.I login
+.SH 説明
+\fBuserdel\fR コマンドは、システムアカウントファイルを修正し、
+ユーザ \fIlogin\fR に対応するすべてのエントリを削除する。
+削除されるユーザは存在していなければならない。
+\fBuserdel\fR コマンドに適用できるオプションは以下の通り。
+.IP \fB\-r\fR
+ユーザのホームディレクトリ中のファイルを削除する。
+ホームディレクトリ自体とユーザのメールスプールも消去する。
+ファイルシステム中のほかの場所にあるそのユーザのファイルは、
+手作業で探し出して削除しなければならない。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 安全なユーザアカウント情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/group\fR \ \- グループ情報
+.SH 警告
+\fBuserdel\fR は、削除されるユーザが現在ログインしている場合は、
+そのアカウントの削除を許可しない。
+削除しようとしているアカウントに属する実行中のプロセスは、
+すべて kill しなければならない。
+NIS のクライアントからは、NIS の属性値は削除できない。
+削除は NIS のサーバで行わなければならない。
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR chfn (1),
+.BR chsh (1),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR groupadd (8),
+.BR groupdel (8),
+.BR groupmod (8),
+.BR useradd (8),
+.BR usermod (8)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (julie78787@gmail.com)
diff --git a/man/ja/man8/usermod.8 b/man/ja/man8/usermod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10a8fa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man8/usermod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+.\" $Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997
+.\"         by Kazuyoshi Furutaka <furutaka@Flux.tokai.jaeri.go.jp>
+.\" Updated Tue Jan 23 17:21:08 JST 2001
+.\"         by Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
+.\" Modified Sun 22 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.\"WORD:        initial group           主グループ
+.\"WORD:        supplementary group     補助グループ
+.\"
+.TH USERMOD 8
+.SH 名前
+usermod \- ユーザアカウントを修正する
+.SH 書式
+\fBusermod\fR [\fB\-c\fR \fIcomment\fR] [\fB\-d\fR \fIhome_dir\fR [\fB\-m\fR]]
+.br
+[\fB\-e\fR \fIexpire_date\fR] [\fB\-f\fR \fIinactive_time\fR]
+.br
+[\fB\-g\fR \fIinitial_group\fR] [\fB\-G\fR \fIgroup\fR [,...]]
+.br
+[\fB\-l\fR \fIlogin_name\fR] [\fB\-p\fR \fIpasswd\fR]
+.br
+[\fB\-s\fR \fIshell\fR] [\fB\-u\fR \fIuid\fR [\fB\-o\fR]] [\fB\-L\fR|\fB\-U\fR]
+\fIlogin\fR
+.SH 説明
+\fBusermod\fR コマンドは、
+コマンドライン上での指定によって、
+システムアカウントファイルを修正する。
+\fBusermod\fR コマンドに指定できるオプションは次の通り。
+.IP "\fB\-c\fR \fIcomment\fR"
+パスワードファイルのコメントフィールドに与える新しい値。
+通常は
+.BR chfn (1)
+ユーティリティによって変更される。
+.IP "\fB\-d\fR \fIhome_dir\fR"
+新しいログインディレクトリ。
+\fB\-m\fR オプションを用いると、
+現在のホームディレクトリの中身が新しいホームディレクトリに移動される
+(後者が存在しない場合は新たに作成される)。
+.IP "\fB\-e\fR \fIexpire_date\fR"
+そのユーザアカウントが使用不能になる日付。
+日付は \fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR という書式で指定する。
+.IP "\fB\-f\fR \fIinactive_days\fR"
+パスワードの使用期限が切れてからアカウントが永久に使用不能になるまでの日数。
+0 にすると、
+パスワードの期限が切れると同時にこのアカウントは使用不能になる。
+\-1 にするとこの機能が無効になる。デフォルト値は \-1。
+.IP "\fB\-g\fR \fIinitial_group\fR"
+
+新たにそのユーザのログイン時初期グループとするグループ名または ID。
+グループ名は既に存在していなければならない。
+グループ番号は既存のグループを参照していなければならない。
+デフォルトのグループ番号は 1。
+.IP "\fB\-G\fR \fIgroup,[...]\fR"
+ユーザが属する補助グループ (supplementary groups) のリスト。
+グループはコンマで区切り、間に空白文字を入れてはならない。
+指定できるグループには \fB\-g\fR オプションと同様の制限がある。
+現在そのユーザが、
+新しいリストにないグループのメンバーになっている場合は、
+そのグループから削除される。
+.IP "\fB\-l\fR \fIlogin_name\fR"
+ユーザのログイン名を \fIlogin\fR から \fIlogin_name\fR に変更する。
+他は何も変更しないので、
+おそらく新しいログイン名に合わせて
+ホームディレクトリの名前を変更する必要があるだろう。
+.IP "\fB\-p\fR \fIpasswd\fR"                                                
+\fBcrypt\fR(3) の返り値である暗号化パスワード。
+.IP "\fB\-s\fR \fIshell\fR"
+ユーザの新しいログインシェルの名前。
+このフィールドを空白にした場合は、
+システムがデフォルトのログインシェルを選択する。
+.IP "\fB\-u\fR \fIuid\fR"
+ユーザの ID 番号。
+この値は、\fB\-o\fR オプションを用いる場合を除き、他と重複してはならない。
+また非負値でなくてはならない。
+0 から 999 までの値は、通常システムアカウント用に予約されている。
+ホームディレクトリ以下の、
+そのユーザ所有のすべてのファイルのユーザ ID は、
+自動的に新しい値に変更される。
+ホームディレクトリ以下にないファイルは手作業で変更しなければならない。
+.IP "\fB\-L\fR"
+ユーザのパスワードをロックする。
+これは暗号化されたパスワードの前に '!' を追加し、
+実質的にパスワードを無効にする。
+このオプションを \fI\-p\fR や \fI\-U\fR と同時に用いることはできない。
+.IP "\fB\-U\fR"
+ユーザのパスワードをアンロックする。
+これは暗号化されたパスワードの先頭の '!' を取り除く。
+このオプションを \fI\-p\fR や \fI\-L\fR と同時に用いることはできない。
+.SH 警告
+\fBusermod\fR
+は現在ログインしているユーザの名前を変更できない。
+このコマンドを使用してユーザの ID 番号を変更する際には、
+指定したユーザのプロセスが一つも実行されていないことを
+事前に確認しなければならない。
+crontab ファイルの所有者は手作業で変更しなければならない。
+at ジョブの所有者は手作業で変更しなければならない。
+NIS に関する作業は NIS サーバ上で行なわなければならない。
+.SH ファイル
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 安全なユーザアカウント情報
+.br
+\fI/etc/group\fR \ \- グループ情報
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR chfn (1),
+.BR chsh (1),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR crypt (3),
+.BR groupadd (8),
+.BR groupdel (8),
+.BR groupmod (8),
+.BR useradd (8),
+.BR userdel (8)
+.SH 著者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (julie78787@gmail.com)
diff --git a/man/ja/man8/vigr.8 b/man/ja/man8/vigr.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff72d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man8/vigr.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/vipw.8
diff --git a/man/ja/man8/vipw.8 b/man/ja/man8/vipw.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..205d121
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ja/man8/vipw.8
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+.\" $Id$
+.\"
+.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2001 Maki KURODA
+.\"     all right reserved,
+.\" Translated Tue Oct 30 11:55:56 JST 2001
+.\"     by Maki KURODA <mkuroda@aisys-jp.com>
+.\" Modified Sun 22 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
+.\"
+.TH VIPW 8 "26 Sep 1997"
+.SH 名前
+vipw, vigr \- password, group とそれぞれの shadow ファイルを編集する
+.SH 書式
+\fBvipw\fR [\fB\-s\fR]
+.br
+\fBvigr\fR [\fB\-s\fR]
+.SH 説明
+.BR vipw " と " vigr
+は、それぞれ
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR " と " \fI/etc/group\fR
+を編集する。
+.B \-s
+フラグが指定されると、これらのファイルの shadow 化版である
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR と \fI/etc/gshadow\fR
+をそれぞれ編集する。
+これらのプログラムはファイルが壊れないよう適切なロックを設定する。
+
+これらのプログラムは、利用するエディタとしてまず
+環境変数
+.BR VISUAL ,
+環境変数
+.BR EDITOR ,
+を順に試し、最後にデフォルトのエディタである
+.BR vi 
+を用いようとする。
+.SH 関連項目
+.BR group (5),
+.BR passwd (5),
+.BR shadow (5)
diff --git a/man/ko/Makefile.am b/man/ko/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c269f0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ko/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+mandir = @mandir@/ko
+
+man_MANS = \
+	man1/chfn.1 \
+	man1/chsh.1 \
+	man1/groups.1 \
+	man1/login.1 \
+	man5/passwd.5 \
+	man1/su.1 \
+	man8/vigr.8 \
+	man8/vipw.8
+# newgrp.1 must be updated
+#	newgrp.1
+
+EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS)
diff --git a/man/ko/Makefile.in b/man/ko/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..661e1e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ko/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,672 @@
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+.PRECIOUS: Makefile
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+
+# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
+# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
+.NOEXPORT:
diff --git a/man/ko/man1/chfn.1 b/man/ko/man1/chfn.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6d3fae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ko/man1/chfn.1
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+.\" $Id$
+.\" (c) 1994 by salvatore valente <svalente@athena.mit.edu>
+.\"
+.\" this program is free software.  you can redistribute it and
+.\" modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license.
+.\" there is no warranty.
+.TH CHFN 1 "October 13 1994" "chfn" "Linux Reference Manual"
+.SH NAME
+chfn \- 사용자 finger 정보를 바꾼다.
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+\fBchfn\fR [\fB\-f\fR \fIfull\-name\fR] [\fB\-o\fR \fIoffice\fR] [\fB\-p\fR \fIoffice\-phone\fR]
+[\ \-h\ home\-phone\ ] [\ \-u\ ] [\ \-v\ ] [\ username\ ]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B chfn
+명령은 사용자의 finger 정보를 바꾼다. 이것은 
+.I /etc/passwd
+파일의 정보를 바꾼다. 
+.B finger
+명령이 사용될 때 바로 이 파일을 참조하기 때문이다.
+.B finger
+명령은 
+.B chfn
+명령에서 바뀐 실재이름, 직장, 직장전화, 집전화번호를 보여준다.
+.SS COMMAND LINE
+아무 옵션 없이 이 명령을 사용하면, 직접 사용자에게 각각의 바꿀 정보를 
+물어보지만, 이 정보들을 명령행에서 직접 입력할 수도 있다.
+.SS INTERACTIVE MODE
+아무 옵션 없이 이 명령을 사용하면, 직접 사용자에게 각각의 바꿀 정보를 
+물어본다. 이때 정당한 값을 지정해 주고, 원래의 값을 바꾸지 않으려면, 
+그냥 Enter 글쇠를 누르면 된다.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.I "\-f, \-\-full\-name"
+사용자 실재 이름
+.TP
+.I "\-o, \-\-office"
+사용자 직장
+.TP
+.I "\-p, \-\-office\-phone"
+사용자 직장 전화번호
+.TP
+.I "\-h, \-\-home\-phone"
+사용자 집 전화 번호
+.TP
+.I "\-u, \-\-help"
+도움말을 보여주고 마친다.
+.TP
+.I "\-v, \-\-version"
+버전 정보를 보여주고 마친다.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR finger (1),
+.BR passwd (5)
+.SH AUTHOR
+Salvatore Valente <svalente@mit.edu>
diff --git a/man/ko/man1/chsh.1 b/man/ko/man1/chsh.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fd5d3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ko/man1/chsh.1
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+.\" $Id$
+.\" (c) 1994 by salvatore valente <svalente@athena.mit.edu>
+.\"
+.\" this program is free software.  you can redistribute it and
+.\" modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license.
+.\" there is no warranty.
+.TH CHSH 1 "October 13 1994" "chsh" "Linux Reference Manual"
+.SH NAME
+chsh \- 사용자 로그인 쉘을 바꾼다.
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B chsh
+[\ \-s\ shell\ ] [\ \-l\ ] [\ \-u\ ] [\ \-v\ ] [\ username\ ]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B chsh
+명령은 사용자가 사용하고 있는 로그인 쉘을 바꾸는데, 사용된다. 
+(이말은 exit 명령을 사용했을 때 로그아웃되는 쉘을 말한다.)
+명령행에서 쉘을 지정하지 않으면, 사용자에게 물어본다.
+.SS VALID SHELLS
+.B chsh
+명령에서는 절대 경로를 지정하는 어떠한 실행파일도 지정이 가능하다. 
+하지만, 
+.I /etc/shells
+파일에서 지정되어 있지 않는 풀그림을 사용할 경우에는 경고 메시지를 보여준다.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.I "\-s, \-\-shell"
+지정하는 쉘을 앞으로 사용할 로그인 쉘로 바꾼다.
+.TP
+.I "\-l, \-\-list\-shells"
+.I /etc/shells
+파일 안에 지정된 쉘을 나열하고 마친다.
+.TP
+.I "\-u, \-\-help"
+도움말을 보여주고 마친다.
+.TP
+.I "\-v, \-\-version"
+버전 정보를 보여주고 마친다.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR login (1),
+.BR passwd (5),
+.BR shells (5)
+.SH AUTHOR
+Salvatore Valente <svalente@mit.edu>
diff --git a/man/ko/man1/groups.1 b/man/ko/man1/groups.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d407d3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ko/man1/groups.1
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+.\"$Id$
+.TH GROUPS 1L "GNU 쉘 유틸리티" "FSF" \" \-*\- nroff \-*\-
+.SH 이름
+groups \- 사용자가 속한 그룹들을 출력한다
+.SH 개요
+.B groups
+[사용자명...]
+.br
+.B groups
+{\-\-help,\-\-version}
+.SH 설명
+이 맨페이지는 GNU 버전의
+.BR groups 
+를 다룬다.
+.B groups
+는 주어진 각 
+.IR username
+또는 프로세스
+가 속한 추가 그룹의 이름을 출력해준다.
+만약 사용자명이 주어졌다면 각 사용자명이 소속된 그룹 목록 앞에 표시된다.
+.PP
+그룹 목록은 `id \-Gn'의 결과와 같다.
+.SS 옵션
+GNU
+.B groups
+가 단 한 개의 인수를 가지고 실행되면 다음 옵션들을 인식한다:
+.TP
+.I "\-\-help"
+표준출력으로 사용법을 출력하고 정상적으로 종료한다.
+.TP
+.I "\-\-version"
+표준출력으로 버전정보를 출력하고 정상적으로 종료한다.
diff --git a/man/ko/man1/login.1 b/man/ko/man1/login.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4533beb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ko/man1/login.1
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+.\" Copyright 1993 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
+.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
+.TH LOGIN 1 "1 February 1993" "Linux 0.99" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
+.SH 이름
+login \- 시스템 접속
+.SH 사용법
+.BR "login [ " 이름 " ]"
+.br
+.B "login \-p"
+.br
+.BR "login \-h " 호스트이름
+.br
+.BR "login \-f " 이름
+.SH 설명
+.B login
+풀그림은 한 시스템에 접속처리를 하는 풀그림이다. 
+또한 현재 접속 중에서도 한 사용자에서 다른 사용자로 바꾸고자 할 때도 
+사용될 수 있다. (한편, 대부분의 요즘 만들어진 쉘은 그 쉘 내부적으로
+이러한 기능을 제공하고 있기도 하다.)
+
+아무 옵션 없이 사용하면, 
+사용자 계정을 물어보는 프롬프트가 나타난다.
+
+이때 입력되는 계정이 root가 아니고, 
+.I /etc/nologin
+파일이 있으면 그 파일안에 내용이 보여지고 
+이 풀그림은 종료된다. 이것은 시스템 검사나 기타 사정상 일반 사용자 
+접속을 하지 못하도록 할때 사용된다.
+
+.IR /etc/usertty 
+파일에서 특정 사용자의 로그인 허용과 거부가 지정되어 있을 때, 
+만일 그 사용자가 접속하고자 할 때는 그에 따른 접속처리를 한다.
+이때, 접속거부되면 로그인은 끝나고 
+.B syslog
+명령이 작동되어 그 상황을 기록한다. 
+자세한 이야기는 아래 "특별 접근 거부" 부분에서 다룬다.
+
+
+.IR /etc/securetty 
+파일에서는 root로 접속할 수 있는 터미날들이 나열되어 있다. 
+이때 접속 실패가 일어나면 
+.B syslog
+명령이 작동되어 그 상황을 기록한다.
+
+사용자 계정의 확인 절차가 끝나면, 비밀번호를 물어보는 프롬프트가 
+나타난다. (그 사용자의 계정에서 비밀번호가 필요하면 나타난다.)
+이때, 10번동안 비밀번호를 틀리게 입력하면 login은 종료된다. 
+그런데, 처음 세번은 바로 다시 물어보지만, 다음부터는 매우 느리게 
+반복된다. (로그인 과정이)
+물론 이 과정들도 
+.B syslog
+명령에 의해 그 상황이 기록된다. 
+
+.I .hushlogin
+파일 $HOME 경로안에 있으면, 새로 도착한 편지가 있을 때 보여주는 
+메시지와 마지막 로그인한 시간을 알리는 메시지를 보여주지 않는다.
+이 파일이 없고, 
+.I /var/log/lastlog
+파일이 있으면, 그 파일에서 마지막 로그인 시간을 읽어 보여주고, 
+그 파일에, 현재 로그인을 기록한다.
+
+로그인 계정, 비밀번호 확인철자가 끝나면, 
+다음은 터미날의 UID, GID 설정같은 관리작업들을 무작위로
+수행한다. TERM 환경변수가 사용되고 있으면, 이 환경변수를 지정하고, 
+(
+.B \-p
+옵션이 사용되면 다른 환경변수가 지정된다)
+HOME, PATH, SHELL, TERM, MAIL, LOGNAME 환경변수들을 지정한다.
+일반 사용자라면 경로를 초기값으로 아래와 같이 지정하고, 
+.br
+.I /usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:.
+root라면 초기값으로 아래와 같이 지정한다.
+.br
+.I /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
+.br
+마지막으로 "조용한" 로그인이 아니라면, 그날의 메시지를 출력하고, 
+.I /usr/spool/mail
+경로안에 그 사용자 이름으로 된 파일의 크기가 0이 아닌지 확인해서 
+0이 아니면, 편지가 있다고 알려준다.
+
+다음 사용자 쉘을 지정하는데, 
+.BR /etc/passwd 
+파일에서 그 사용자의 쉘이 지정되어 있지 않으면, 
+.B /bin/sh
+쉘을 사용한다. 
+또한,
+.IR /etc/passwd 
+파일에서 홈 경로가 지정되어 있지 않으며,
+.I /
+경로로 로그인된다.(홈 경로는 위에서 설명한 
+.I .hushlogin
+파일이 있는지 확인할 때 검사된다.)
+.SH 옵션
+.TP
+.B \-p
+.B login
+실행할 때 이전 환경들을 그대로 사용하도록 
+.BR getty (8)
+명령에 의해 사용된다.
+.TP
+.B \-f
+두번째 로그인일 경우에는 그 인증(계정확인절차)을 통과한다.
+root 계정일 경우에는 작동되지 않으며, 리눅스에서는 바르게 
+작동되지 않을 수도 있다.
+.TP
+.B \-h
+리모트 호스트 로그인시(가령, telnetd(8) 사용) 계정 입력을 통과한다.
+물론 utmp, wtmp 기록은 있다. 이 옵션은 단지 root만이 사용할 수 있다.
+
+.SH "특별 접근 거부"
+.I /etc/securetty
+파일에는 root가 접속 할 수 터미날이 나열되어 있다. 
+이 터미날 이름은 /dev/ 글자를 생략한 터미날 이름만이다.
+이 파일이 없다면 root는 모든 터미날에서 접속이 가능하다.
+.PP
+.I /etc/usertty
+파일에는 특정 사용자의 접속에 대한 특별한 설정 내용이 있다. 
+이 파일이 없다면, 어떠한 특정 사용자의 접속 거부같은 없다. 
+이 파일의 세부분으로 구성되어 있는데, 각각 그 부분들의 이름은 
+CLASSES, GROUPS, USERS 이다. CLASSES 부분에서는 터미날의 클래스와 
+호스트이름 패턴이 정의되고,  GROUPS 부분에서는 그룹 단위의 허락되는
+터미날과 호스트가 정의되고, USERS 부분에서는 사용자 단위의 허락되는
+터미날과 호스트가 정의된다.
+.PP
+이 파일의 각 줄은 255 문자를 넘을 수 없으며,
+# 문자로 시작하는 그 줄 전체는 주석으로 처리된다.
+.PP
+.SS "CLASSES 섹션"
+CLASSES 섹션은 대문자로 첫칸부터 CLASSES라고 씀으로 정의된다. 
+이 부분은 다음 섹션이 정의되기 전까지 모든 부분이 포함된다.
+각 단어의 구분은 공백문자나 탭문자로 한다.
+각 줄에는 터미날과 호스트 패턴의 클래스가 정의된다.
+.PP
+각 줄의 처음은 관리자가 정의하는 클래스 이름이 오고, 
+그 다음에는 그 클래스에서 사용하는 터미날과 호스트 패턴이 온다. 
+이 클래스 이름은 다음에 오는 GROUPS, USERS 섹션에서 사용될 수 있다. 
+.PP
+CLASSES 섹션 예제:
+.PP
+.nf
+.in +.5
+CLASSES
+myclass1		tty1 tty2
+myclass2		tty3 @.foo.com
+.in -.5
+.fi
+.PP
+윗 예제는 
+.I myclass1
+과
+.I myclass2
+클래스를 오른쪽 부분과 같이 정의한 것이다.
+.PP
+.SS "GROUPS 섹션"
+GROUPS 섹션에서는 유닉스 그룹 단위의 허락되는 터미날과 호스트가 정의된다.
+접속하는 사용자의 그룹이(이것은 
+.I /etc/passwd
+파일과 
+.I /etc/group
+파일에서 확인됨)이 
+.I /etc/usertty
+파일의 GROUPS 섹션 부분에서 정의된 그룹이라면, 그에 해당되는 
+터미날과 호스트에만 접속이 가능해 진다.
+.PP
+GROUPS 섹션은 첫칸에 대문자로 GROUPS 이라고 씀으로 정의가 시작되고, 
+다음섹션의 정의가 나타나기 전까지 이 섹션으로 가정한다. 
+각 단어의 구분은 공백문자나 탭문자로 하며, 
+각 줄의 처음에는 그룹이 오고 다음에는 그 그룹에서 접근할 수 있는
+터미날과 호스트가 온다. 또한 허락되는 터미날과 호스트 부분에서 
+앞 CLASSES 섹션에서 정의한 클래스 이름이 사용될 수도 있다. 
+.PP
+GROUPS 섹션의 예제:
+.PP
+.nf
+.in +0.5
+GROUPS
+sys		tty1 @.bar.edu
+stud		myclass1 tty4
+.in -0.5
+.fi
+.PP
+윗 예제는 
+.I sys
+그룹의 사용자는 bar.edu 도메인을 가진 호스트에서, tty1로만 
+접속이 가능하다. 
+.I stud 
+그룹의 사용자는 myclass1 클래스 또는 tty4로만 접속이 가능하다.
+.PP
+
+.SS "USERS 섹션"
+USERS 섹션은 첫칸에 USERS 라고 대문자로 씀으로 정의된다. 
+각 단어의 구분은 공백문자와 탭문자로 하며, 
+첫칸에는 사용자 계정, 다음에는 그 계정 사용자가 접속 할 수 있는 
+터미날과 그 사용자가 접속 시도하는 호스트가 정의된다. 
+물론 터미날과 호스트 정의부분에서 앞 CLASSES 섹션에서 정의한 클래스가 
+사용될 수도 있다. 
+.PP
+USERS 섹션 예제:
+.PP
+.nf
+.in +0.5
+USERS
+zacho		tty1 @130.225.16.0/255.255.255.0
+blue		tty3 myclass2
+.in -0.5
+.fi
+.PP
+윗 예제는 zacho 계정 사용자는 IP 주소가 130.225.16.0 부터 130.225.16.255
+범위 안의 호스트에서 이 컴의 tty1로 접속 하고자 할 때만 접속을 할 수 있다. 
+blue 계정 사용자는 myclass2에서 정의된 환경과 tty3으로만 접속할 수 있다.
+.PP
+USERS 섹션안에서 사용자 계정 부분에 * 문자가 올 수도 있다. 
+이것은 초기값 지정이며, 모든 사용자에게 적용된다.
+.PP
+접속하고자 하는 사용자의 계정과 그룹이 USERS, GROUPS 섹션 두 부분에서 모두
+적용되면 각 섹션에서 정의된 모든 터미날/호스트가 적용된다.
+
+.SS Origins
+터미날과 호스트 정의 부분에는 클래스, origin이라고 부르는 
+일군의 문자열이 사용된다. 이 origin 문자열은 다음과 같은 형식을 취한다.
+.IP o 
+터미날의 이름에는 /dev/ 부분이 빠진다. 즉, tty1, ttyS0 형식으로 사용된다.
+.PP
+.IP o
+@localhost 문자열은 로칼 호스트에서 telnet/rlogin으로 접속하는 사용자를 
+의미한다. 즉 `xterm \-e /bin/login' 명령같은 것이 실행된다는 것을 의미한다.
+.PP
+.IP o
+@.some.dom 문자열은 리모트 호스트 접속시 그 사용자가 rlogin/telnet으로
+도메인이 .some.dom로 끝나는 호스트에서만 접속할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다.
+.PP
+.IP o
+IP 주소의 영역은 @x.x.x.x/y.y.y.y 이런 식으로 정의하는데, 
+이것은 x.x.x.x 에서 y.y.y.y 범위의 IP 주소를 가진 호스트에서만 
+접속이 가능하다. 예를 들어, @130.225.16.0/255.255.254.0
+으로 정의하면, IP의 범위가 130.225.16.0 \- 130.225.17.255인 
+호스트에서만 접속이 가능하다.
+.PP
+기타 origin 에서 사용되는 문자열로 시간을 정할수 있는데, 
+그 형식은 다음과 같다.
+.PP
+.nf
+timespec    ::= '[' <day\-or\-hour> [':' <day\-or\-hour>]* ']'
+day         ::= 'mon' | 'tue' | 'wed' | 'thu' | 'fri' | 'sat' | 'sun'
+hour        ::= '0' | '1' | ... | '23'
+hourspec    ::= <hour> | <hour> '\-' <hour>
+day\-or\-hour ::= <day> | <hourspec>
+.fi
+.PP
+예를 들어, [mon:tue:wed:thu:fri:8\-17]tty3 문자열은 
+월요일부터 금요일까지, 오전 8시 00분부터 오후 5시 59분까지만
+tty3으로 접속할 수 있음을 의미한다. 시간 지정에서는 단지, 
+a\-b 식으로 정의되면 a시 00분 부터 b시 59분까지를 의미하며,
+단지 단일 숫자만 있으면(가령 10) 그 시간만(10시 00분부터 10시 59분까지)을
+의미한다.
+.PP
+시간부분의 설정이 지정되지 않으면 어떠한 시간에도 접속이 가능하다.
+각 요일별로 그 시간을 따로 정하고 싶으면 각 요일 정의다음에 시간을 
+각각 따로 정의 할 수도 있다.
+시간지정에서는 공백문자를 사용할 수 없다.
+.PP
+만약 
+.I /etc/usertty
+파일에서 각 정의들이 바르지 못하게 정의된다면, 
+모든 사용자의 특별 접속 거부 같은 것은 없다. 
+.PP
+.SH "관련 파일"
+.nf
+\fI/var/run/utmp\fR
+\fI/var/log/wtmp\fR
+\fI/var/log/lastlog\fR
+\fI/etc/motd\fR
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR
+\fI/etc/nologin\fR
+\fI/etc/usertty\fR
+\fI$HOME/.hushlogin\fR
+.fi
+.SH "관련 항목"
+.BR init (8),
+.BR getty (8),
+.BR mail (1),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR passwd (5),
+.BR environ (7),
+.BR shutdown (8)
+.SH 벌레
+리눅스에서는 다른 옛날 운영체제와 달리 한 사용자의 중복 로그인을 
+제한하지 않는다.
+
+설명되지 않은 BSD의 
+.B \-r
+옵션은 지원되지 않는다. 
+이 옵션은 
+어떠한 
+.BR rlogind (8)
+풀그림에서 필요할 지도 모른다.
+.SH 만든이
+Derived from BSD login 5.40 (5/9/89) by Michael Glad (glad@daimi.dk) for HP\-UX
+.br
+Ported to Linux 0.12: Peter Orbaek (poe@daimi.aau.dk)
diff --git a/man/ko/man1/su.1 b/man/ko/man1/su.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e509c70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ko/man1/su.1
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+.TH SU 1 "GNU 쉘 유틸리티" "FSF" \" \-*\- nroff \-*\-
+.SH 이름
+su \- 사용자와 그룹 ID 를 교체하여 쉘을 실행한다
+.SH 개요
+.B su
+[\-flmp] [\-c 명령] [\-s 쉘] [\-\-login] [\-\-fast]
+[\-\-preserve\-environment] [\-\-command=명령] [\-\-shell=쉘] [\-]
+[\-\-help] [\-\-version] [사용자 [인수...]]
+.SH 설명
+이 맨페이지는 GNU 버전의
+.BR su 
+를 설명한다.
+.B su
+는 한 사용자가 잠시 다른 사용자가 될 수 있도록 해준다.
+실제 사용자 ID, 그룹 ID, USER의 보충적인 그룹으로 쉘을 실행한다.
+USER가 주어지지 않으면 기본적으로 수퍼유저인 root 로 설정된다.
+실행되는 쉘은 USER의 패스워드 목록에서 찾아오거나 없으면 /bin/sh 를 수행한다.
+만약 USER에 패스워드가 있다면
+.B su
+는 실제 사용자 ID 0 (수퍼유저)가 아닌 한 패스워드를 물어온다.
+.PP
+기본적으로,
+.B su
+는 현재 디렉토리를 변경하지 않는다. USER 의 패스워드 항목으로부터 `HOME',
+`SHELL' 등의 변수를 설정하고 만약 수퍼유저가 아니라면 `USER'와 `LOGNAME'을
+USER로 설정한다. 기본적으로 이 쉘은 로그인 쉘이 아니다.
+.PP
+만약 한 개 이상의 인수가 주어지면 쉘에 대한 인수로 전달된다.
+.PP
+.B su
+는 /bin/sh나 다른 쉘을 특별히 다루지는 않는다.
+(argv[0]를 "\-su"로 하고 \-c 를 특정 쉘로 지정하지 않는 한... )
+.PP
+syslog를 가지고 있는 시스템에서는,
+.B su
+가 실패하는 경우 보고를 하도록, 그리고 성공의 경우에는 선택적으로 보고하도록
+컴파일하면
+.B su
+가 syslog를 사용한다.
+.SS 옵션
+.TP
+.I "\-c COMMAND, \-\-command=COMMAND"
+대화형 쉘을 시작하지 않고 
+.I \-c
+옵션을 쉘에 주어서 한 개의 명령만을 수행하도록 한다.
+.TP
+.I "\-f, \-\-fast"
+쉘에
+.I \-f
+옵션을 전달한다.
+.B csh
+와
+.BR tcsh 
+에만 해당되는 것으로서,
+.I \-f
+옵션은 시작 화일(.cshrc)를 읽지 않도록 한다. 본쉘의 경우,
+.I \-f
+옵션은 화일 패턴 확장을 불능으로 설정하는 것으로서 일반적으로 그렇게 하지
+않는다.
+.TP
+.I "\-\-help"
+표준출력으로 사용법을 출력하고 정상적으로 종료한다.
+.TP
+.I "\-, \-l, \-\-login"
+쉘을 로그인 쉘로 만든다. 그 의미는 다음과 같다. `TERM', `HOME', `SHELL'
+(위에서 설명) 그리고 `USER', `LOGNAME'(위에서 설명하였듯 수퍼유저라 할 지라도
+설정된다)을 제외하고 나머지 환경 변수를 제거한다. 그리고 `PATH'를 컴파일 기본
+설정값으로 설정한다. USER의 홈 디렉토리로 이동한다. 쉘 이름에 "\-" 를 추가하여
+로그인 스크립트 화일들을 읽을 수 있게 할 수 있다.
+.TP
+.I "\-m, \-p, \-\-preserve\-environment"
+`HOME', `USER', `LOGNAME', `SHELL' 등의 환경변수값을 변경하지 않는다.
+만약 
+.B su
+를 실행하는 사용자가 수퍼유저이거나 사용자의 쉘이 제한된 쉘일 때는
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR에 기재된 USER의 쉘이 아니라 `SHELL' 환경변수에 설정된 쉘을
+실행한다.
+제한된 쉘이란 /etc/shells에 등록되어 있지 않거나 /etc/shells 화일이 존재하지
+않을 때 내장 컴파일된 목록에 들어있지 않는 경우를 말한다.
+이 옵션의 일부는 다음
+.I \-\-login
+과
+.IR \-\-shell 
+옵션에 의해 무시될 수 있다.
+.TP
+.I "\-s, \-\-shell shell"
+.B su
+를 실행하는 사용자가 수퍼유저가 아니거나 사용자의 쉘이 제한된 쉘일 때는
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR에 등록된 USER의 쉘을 수행하지 않고 지정한 쉘을 수행한다.
+.TP
+.I "\-\-version"
+표준출력으로 버전정보를 출력하고 정상적으로 종료한다.
diff --git a/man/ko/man5/passwd.5 b/man/ko/man5/passwd.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52d7f0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ko/man5/passwd.5
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+.\"$Id$
+.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
+.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+.\"
+.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
+.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
+.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
+.\" intermediate and printed output.
+.\"
+.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
+.\"
+.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
+.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111,
+.\" USA.
+.\"
+.\" Modified Sun Jul 25 10:46:28 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
+.\" Modified Sun Aug 21 18:12:27 1994 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
+.\" Modified Sun Jun 18 01:53:57 1995 by Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
+.\" Modified Mon Jan  5 20:24:40 MET 1998 by Michael Haardt
+.\"  (michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de)
+.\"
+.\" 한국어 번역 : ASPLINUX<man@asp-linux.co.kr>    2000년 7월 29일
+.\"
+.TH PASSWD 5 "January 5, 1998" "" "File formats"
+.SH 이름
+passwd \- 패스워드 파일 
+.SH 설명
+.B Passwd
+는 텍스트 파일로서, 시스템 계정의 목록을 포함하고 있고, 사용자 ID, 그룹 
+ID, 홈 디렉토리, 쉘 등의 각 계정에 대한 매우 유용한 정보를 제공한다. 
+종종, 각 계정에 대한 암호화된 패스워드를 포함한다. 
+Passwd는 일반적인 읽기 권한을 가져야 하지만, 수퍼 유저에게만 쓰기 접근이
+가능하다. 
+.PP
+예전에는 일반적인 읽기 권한으로인한 문제들이 없었다. 모든 사람들이
+암호화된 패스워드를 읽을 수 있었지만, 패스워드를 크랙하기에는 하드웨어가
+너무나 느렸고, 더우기, 기본적인 가정은 그들은 아주 친숙한 사용자
+공동체의 패스워드들이었다. 
+
+오늘날 많은 사람들이 쉐도우 패스워드의 일부 버전을 실행한다.
+ .I /etc/passwd는 암호화된  패스워드 대신 *로 된
+패스워드를 지니고, 암호화된 패스워드들은 수퍼유저만이 읽을 수 있는
+.I /etc/shadow에 저장된다. 
+.PP
+쉐도우 패스우드가 사용되는지에 상관없이, 많은 시스템 관리자들은 사용자가
+자기 자신을 패스워드를 사용하여 인증할 수 없도록 패스워드 필드내에 
+별표를 사용한다. 
+
+.PP
+만일 새로운 로그인을 만들면, 우선 패스워드 필드에 별표를 놓고, 이를
+설정하기 위해 .BR passwd (1)을 사용한다. 
+PP
+각 행마다 하나의 항목이 있고, 각 행은 다음의 형식을 지닌다. 
+.sp
+.RS
+계정:패스워드:UID:GID:GECOS:디렉토리:쉘
+.RE
+.sp
+각 필드에 대한 설명은 다음과 같다. 
+.sp
+.RS
+.TP 1.0in
+.I 계정
+시스템에서의 사용자 이름. 대문자를 사용해서는 안된다. 
+.TP
+.I 패스워드
+암호화된 사용자의 패스워드 혹은 별표
+.TP
+.I UID
+숫자로 표현되는 사용자 id
+.TP
+.I GID
+이 사용자에 대한 주 그룹 ID, 숫자로 표현됨
+.TP
+.I GECOS
+이 필드는 선택적이고, 오직 정보적인 목적으로만 사용된다. 보통, 이는
+사용자의 전체 이름을 포함한다. GECOS는 일반 전자 통합 운영체제로서, 
+GE의 거대 시스템이 Honeywell에 판매된 GCOS,로 다시 명명되었다. Dennis
+Ritchie는 말하기를, 때때로 우리는 프린터 출력 혹은 일괄 처리 작업들을
+GCOS 머신으로 전송하였다. 패스워드 파일에서 GCOS 필드는 $IDENTcard에 대한 
+정보를 숨겨두는 장소이다.
+.TP
+.I directory 
+사용자의 $HOME 디렉토리
+.TP
+.I shell(쉘)
+로그인시 실행하는 프로그램(만일 비었다면, .BR /bin/sh을 사용한다.)
+만일 존재하지 않는 실행파일로 설정되었다면, 사용자는 .BR login (1)을 통해
+로그인 할 수 없을 것이다.
+
+.RE
+.SH 주의
+여러분이 사용자 그룹을 만들고 싶다면, GID는 이와 동일하여야 하며, 
+\fI/etc/group\fP내에 항목들이 있거나, 그룹이 존재하지 않아야 한다. 
+.PP
+암호화된 패스워드가 별표로 설정된 경우, 사용자는 .BR login (1)로 로그일 할 수 없지만, 
+.BR rlogin (1)을 사용하여 로그인할 수 있을 수도 있다. 존재하는 프로세스들을 실행하고,
+.BR rsh (1)
+혹은
+.BR cron (1)
+혹은
+.BR at (1)
+을 초기화시키거나, 메일 필터를 시작한다. 
+단순히 쉘 필드를 변경시켜서 계정을 잠그는 것은 똑같은 결과를 가져오고, 
+.BR su (1)의 사용을 허용한다..
+.SH 파일
+.I /etc/passwd
+.SH 관련 항목
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR login (1),
+.BR su (1),
+.BR group (5),
+.BR shadow (5)
diff --git a/man/ko/man8/vigr.8 b/man/ko/man8/vigr.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff72d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ko/man8/vigr.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/vipw.8
diff --git a/man/ko/man8/vipw.8 b/man/ko/man8/vipw.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a52959
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ko/man8/vipw.8
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1983, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+.\"     from: @(#)vipw.8	6.7 (Berkeley) 3/16/91
+.\"	$Id$
+.\"
+.Dd March 16, 1991
+.Dt VIPW 8
+.Os BSD 4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm vipw
+.Nd 패스워드 파일 편집
+.Sh 사용법
+.Nm vipw
+.Sh 설명
+.Nm Vipw
+명령은 /etc/passwd 파일을 잠그고(lock) 편집하고, 
+편집이 끝나면, /etc/passwd 파일을 잠금해제(unlock)한다.
+이미 /etc/passwd 파일이 잠겨 있으면, 다음에 사용하라고 
+메시지를 보여준다.
+\fBvipw\fR에서 사용하는 기본 편집기는 \fBvi(1)\fR이다.
+.Sh 환경변수
+\fBvipw\fR는 다음 환경 변수를 사용한다.
+.Bl -tag -width EDITOR
+.It Ev EDITOR
+사용할 편집기 지정. 초기값은 vi
+.El
+.Sh 관련 항목
+.Xr passwd 1 ,
+.Xr vi 1 ,
+.Xr passwd 5
+.Sh 발자취
+.Nm
+명령은 
+.Bx 4.0 
+에서 처음 나타났다.
diff --git a/man/lastlog.8.xml b/man/lastlog.8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a4ba96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/lastlog.8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1992       , Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1992       , Phillip Street
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY LASTLOG_UID_MAX       SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LASTLOG_UID_MAX.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='lastlog.8'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1992</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>lastlog</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>lastlog</refname>
+    <refpurpose>reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+  <!-- body begins here -->
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>lastlog</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<replaceable>options</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      <command>lastlog</command> formats and prints the contents of the last
+      login log <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file. The
+      <emphasis>login-name</emphasis>, <emphasis>port</emphasis>, and
+      <emphasis>last login time</emphasis> will be printed.  The default (no
+      flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in
+      <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>lastlog</command> command are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Print only lastlog records older than <replaceable>DAYS</replaceable>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-C</option>, <option>--clear</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Clear lastlog record of a user. This option can be used only together
+	    with <option>-u</option> (<option>--user</option>)).
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-S</option>, <option>--set</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Set lastlog record of a user to the current time. This option can be
+	    used only together with <option>-u</option> (<option>--user</option>)).
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Print the lastlog records more recent than
+	    <replaceable>DAYS</replaceable>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s).
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID,
+	    or a <replaceable>RANGE</replaceable> of users. This
+	    <replaceable>RANGE</replaceable> of users can be specified with a
+	    min and max values (<replaceable>UID_MIN-UID_MAX</replaceable>), a
+	    max value (<replaceable>-UID_MAX</replaceable>), or a min value
+	    (<replaceable>UID_MIN-</replaceable>).
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+
+    <para>
+      If the user has never logged in the message <emphasis>** Never logged
+      in**</emphasis> will be displayed instead of the port and time.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      Only the entries for the current users of the system will be
+      displayed.  Other entries may exist for users that were deleted
+      previously.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='note'>
+    <title>NOTE</title>
+    <para>
+      The <filename>lastlog</filename> file is a database which contains info
+      on the last login of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse
+      file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown
+      by "<command>ls -l</command>" (which can indicate a really big file if
+      you have in <filename>passwd</filename> users with a high UID). You can
+      display its real size with "<command>ls -s</command>".
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &LASTLOG_UID_MAX;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Database times of previous user logins.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='caveats'>
+    <title>CAVEATS</title>
+    <para>
+      Large gaps in UID numbers will cause the lastlog program to run
+      longer with no output to the screen (i.e. if in lastlog database there
+      is no entries for users with UID between 170 and 800 lastlog will appear
+      to hang as it processes entries with UIDs 171-799).
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the <term><filename>
+      /var/log/lastlog</filename></term> with external tools. Although the
+      actual file is sparse and does not use too much space, certain
+      applications are not designed to identify sparse files by default and may
+      require a specific option to handle them.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/limits.5.xml b/man/limits.5.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b459bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/limits.5.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997       , Luca Berra
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2001 - 2007, Tomasz Kłoczko
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2005 - 2006, Yuri Kozlov
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2005 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='limits.5'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Luca</firstname>
+      <surname>Berra</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1997</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>limits</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">File Formats and Configuration Files</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>limits</refname>
+    <refpurpose>resource limits definition</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+  <!-- body begins here -->
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <emphasis remap='I'>limits</emphasis> file 
+      (<filename>/etc/limits</filename> by default
+      or LIMITS_FILE defined <filename>config.h</filename>) describes 
+      the resource limits you wish to impose. It should be owned by 
+      root and readable by root account only.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      By default no quota is imposed on 'root'. In fact, there is no way to
+      impose limits via this procedure to root-equiv accounts (accounts with
+      UID 0).
+    </para>
+
+    <para>Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:</para>
+
+    <para>
+      <emphasis remap='I'>user LIMITS_STRING</emphasis>
+    </para>
+
+    <para>or in the form:</para>
+
+    <para>
+      <emphasis remap='I'>@group LIMITS_STRING</emphasis>
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      The <emphasis>LIMITS_STRING</emphasis> is a string of a concatenated
+      list of resource limits. Each limit consists of a letter identifier
+      followed by a numerical limit.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>The valid identifiers are:</para>
+
+    <itemizedlist>
+      <listitem><para>A: max address space (KB)</para></listitem>
+      <listitem><para>C: max core file size (KB)</para></listitem>
+      <listitem><para>D: max data size (KB)</para></listitem>
+      <listitem><para>F: maximum file size (KB)</para></listitem>
+      <listitem><para>K: file creation mask, set by
+	<citerefentry>
+	  <refentrytitle>umask</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum>
+	</citerefentry>.</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem><para>I: max nice value (0..39 which translates to
+      20..-19)</para></listitem>
+      <listitem><para>L: max number of logins for this user</para></listitem>
+      <listitem><para>M: max locked-in-memory address space (KB)</para></listitem>
+      <listitem><para>N: max number of open files</para></listitem>
+      <listitem><para>O: max real time priority</para></listitem>
+      <listitem><para>P: process priority, set by
+	<citerefentry>
+	  <refentrytitle>setpriority</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum>
+	</citerefentry>.</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem><para>R: max resident set size (KB)</para></listitem>
+      <listitem><para>S: max stack size (KB)</para></listitem>
+      <listitem><para>T: max CPU time (MIN)</para></listitem>
+      <listitem><para>U: max number of processes</para></listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+
+    <para>
+      For example, <emphasis remap='I'>L2D2048N5</emphasis> is a valid
+      <emphasis>LIMITS_STRING</emphasis>. For reading convenience, the
+      following entries are equivalent:
+    </para>
+
+    <programlisting>
+      username L2D2048N5
+      username L2 D2048 N5
+    </programlisting>
+
+    <para>
+      Be aware that after <emphasis remap='I'>username</emphasis> the rest
+      of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not
+      allowed. An invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by
+      the <command>login</command> program.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      The default entry is denoted by username "<emphasis>*</emphasis>". If
+      you have multiple <emphasis remap='I'>default</emphasis> entries in
+      your <emphasis>LIMITS_FILE</emphasis>, then the last one will be used
+      as the default entry.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      The limits specified in the form "<replaceable>@group</replaceable>"
+      apply to the members of the specified
+      <replaceable>group</replaceable>.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for
+      this user will be considered.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      If no lines are specified for a user, the last
+      <replaceable>@group</replaceable> line matching a group whose the
+      user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with
+      default limits if no groups contain the user.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash
+      "<emphasis>-</emphasis>" will do.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      To disable a limit for a user, a single dash
+      "<replaceable>-</replaceable>" can be used instead of the numerical
+      value for this limit.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      Also, please note that all limit settings are set PER LOGIN. They are
+      not global, nor are they permanent. Perhaps global limits will come,
+      but for now this will have to do ;)
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/limits</filename></term>
+	<listitem><para></para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>setpriority</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/login.1.xml b/man/login.1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbfbbf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2009, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY CONSOLE               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CONSOLE.xml">
+<!ENTITY CONSOLE_GROUPS        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CONSOLE_GROUPS.xml">
+<!ENTITY DEFAULT_HOME          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/DEFAULT_HOME.xml">
+<!ENTITY ENV_HZ                SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_HZ.xml">
+<!ENTITY ENV_PATH              SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_PATH.xml">
+<!ENTITY ENV_SUPATH            SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_SUPATH.xml">
+<!ENTITY ENV_TZ                SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_TZ.xml">
+<!ENTITY ENVIRON_FILE          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENVIRON_FILE.xml">
+<!ENTITY ERASECHAR             SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ERASECHAR.xml">
+<!ENTITY FAIL_DELAY            SYSTEM "login.defs.d/FAIL_DELAY.xml">
+<!ENTITY FAILLOG_ENAB          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/FAILLOG_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY FAKE_SHELL            SYSTEM "login.defs.d/FAKE_SHELL.xml">
+<!ENTITY FTMP_FILE             SYSTEM "login.defs.d/FTMP_FILE.xml">
+<!ENTITY HUSHLOGIN_FILE        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/HUSHLOGIN_FILE.xml">
+<!ENTITY ISSUE_FILE            SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ISSUE_FILE.xml">
+<!ENTITY KILLCHAR              SYSTEM "login.defs.d/KILLCHAR.xml">
+<!ENTITY LASTLOG_ENAB          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LASTLOG_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY LOGIN_RETRIES         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LOGIN_RETRIES.xml">
+<!ENTITY LOGIN_STRING          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LOGIN_STRING.xml">
+<!ENTITY LOGIN_TIMEOUT         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LOGIN_TIMEOUT.xml">
+<!ENTITY LOG_OK_LOGINS         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LOG_OK_LOGINS.xml">
+<!ENTITY LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB      SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY MAIL_CHECK_ENAB       SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAIL_CHECK_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY MAIL_DIR              SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAIL_DIR.xml">
+<!ENTITY MOTD_FILE             SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MOTD_FILE.xml">
+<!ENTITY NOLOGINS_FILE         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/NOLOGINS_FILE.xml">
+<!ENTITY PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB  SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY QUOTAS_ENAB           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/QUOTAS_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY TTYGROUP              SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TTYGROUP.xml">
+<!ENTITY TTYTYPE_FILE          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TTYTYPE_FILE.xml">
+<!ENTITY ULIMIT                SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ULIMIT.xml">
+<!ENTITY UMASK                 SYSTEM "login.defs.d/UMASK.xml">
+<!ENTITY USERGROUPS_ENAB       SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USERGROUPS_ENAB.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='login.1'>
+  <!--  $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1989</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">User Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>login</refname>
+    <refpurpose>begin session on the system</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+  <!-- body begins here -->
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>login</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>-p</arg>
+      <arg choice='opt'>-h <replaceable>host</replaceable></arg>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+      <replaceable>username</replaceable></arg>
+      <arg choice='opt' rep='repeat'> <replaceable>ENV=VAR</replaceable></arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>login</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>-p</arg>
+      <arg choice='opt'>-h <replaceable>host</replaceable></arg>
+      <arg choice='plain'>-f</arg>
+      <arg choice='plain'><replaceable>username</replaceable></arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>login</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>-p</arg>
+      <arg choice='plain'>-r <replaceable>host</replaceable></arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>login</command> program is used to establish a new session
+      with the system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to
+      the <emphasis remap='I'>login:</emphasis> prompt on the user's
+      terminal. <command>login</command> may be special to the shell and may
+      not be invoked as a sub-process. When called from a shell,
+      <command>login</command> should be executed as
+      <emphasis remap='B'>exec login</emphasis> which will cause the user
+      to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged
+      in user to return to the session of the caller). Attempting to
+      execute <command>login</command> from any shell but the login shell
+      will produce an error message.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing
+      is disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of
+      password failures are permitted before <command>login</command> exits
+      and the communications link is severed.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be
+      prompted for a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to
+      provide your old password and the new password before continuing. 
+      Please refer to <citerefentry>
+      <refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry> for more information.
+    </para>
+
+    <para condition="no_pam">
+      After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages
+      and the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of the system
+      message file, <filename>/etc/motd</filename>, by creating a
+      zero-length file <filename>.hushlogin</filename> in your login directory. 
+      The mail message will be one of "<emphasis>You have new
+      mail.</emphasis>", "<emphasis>You have mail.</emphasis>", or
+      "<emphasis>No Mail.</emphasis>" according to the condition of your
+      mailbox.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the
+      <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file. The value for
+      <envar>$HOME</envar>, <envar>$SHELL</envar>, <envar>$PATH</envar>,
+      <envar>$LOGNAME</envar>, and <envar>$MAIL</envar> are set according
+      to the appropriate fields in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice
+      values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      On some installations, the environmental variable
+      <envar>$TERM</envar> will be initialized to the terminal type on
+      your tty line, as specified in <filename>/etc/ttytype</filename>.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      An initialization script for your command interpreter may also be
+      executed. Please see the appropriate manual section for more
+      information on this function.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a "*" as the first
+      character of the login shell. The given home directory will be used as
+      the root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      The <command>login</command> program is NOT responsible for removing
+      users from the utmp file. It is the responsibility of
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle>
+      <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> and
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle>
+      <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to clean up apparent ownership
+      of a terminal session. If you use <command>login</command> from the
+      shell prompt without <command>exec</command>, the user you use will
+      continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the
+      "subsession".
+    </para>
+
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-f</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Do not perform authentication, user is preauthenticated.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Note: In that case, <replaceable>username</replaceable> is
+	    mandatory.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-h</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Name of the remote host for this login.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-p</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Preserve environment.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-r</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Perform autologin protocol for rlogin.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+
+    <para>
+      The <option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> and <option>-f</option>
+      options are only used when <command>login</command> is invoked by
+      root.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='caveats'>
+    <title>CAVEATS</title>
+    <para>
+      This version of <command>login</command> has many compilation options,
+      only some of which may be in use at any particular site.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>The location of files is subject to differences in system
+      configuration.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      The <command>login</command> program is NOT responsible for removing
+      users from the utmp file. It is the responsibility of <citerefentry>
+      <refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry> and <citerefentry>
+      <refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry> to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session. 
+      If you use <command>login</command> from the shell prompt without
+      <command>exec</command>, the user you use will continue to appear to
+      be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession".
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      As with any program, <command>login</command>'s appearance can be faked. 
+      If non-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an
+      attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person
+      coming to sit in front of the machine. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be
+      used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of
+      attack.
+    </para>
+
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &CONSOLE;
+      &CONSOLE_GROUPS;
+      &DEFAULT_HOME;
+      <phrase condition="no_pam">&ENV_HZ;</phrase>
+      <phrase>&ENV_PATH;</phrase>
+      <phrase>&ENV_SUPATH;</phrase>
+      &ENV_TZ;
+      &ENVIRON_FILE;
+      &ERASECHAR;
+      &FAIL_DELAY;
+      &FAILLOG_ENAB;
+      &FAKE_SHELL;
+      &FTMP_FILE;
+      &HUSHLOGIN_FILE;
+      &ISSUE_FILE;
+      &KILLCHAR;
+      &LASTLOG_ENAB;
+      &LOGIN_RETRIES;
+      &LOGIN_STRING;
+      &LOGIN_TIMEOUT;
+      &LOG_OK_LOGINS;
+      &LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB;
+      &MAIL_CHECK_ENAB;
+      <phrase condition="no_pam">&MAIL_DIR;</phrase>
+      &MOTD_FILE;
+      &NOLOGINS_FILE;
+      &PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB;
+      &QUOTAS_ENAB;
+      &TTYGROUP; <!-- documents also TTYPERM -->
+      &TTYTYPE_FILE;
+      &ULIMIT;
+      <phrase condition="no_pam">&UMASK;</phrase>
+      &USERGROUPS_ENAB;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/var/run/utmp</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>List of current login sessions.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>List of previous login sessions.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure user account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/motd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>System message of the day file.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/nologin</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Prevent non-root users from logging in.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/ttytype</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>List of terminal types.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>$HOME/.hushlogin</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Suppress printing of system messages.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>mail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>nologin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>securetty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/login.access.5.xml b/man/login.access.5.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c425cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.access.5.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1996 - 2000, Marek Michałkiewicz
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2001 - 2006, Tomasz Kłoczko
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='login.access.5'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Marek</firstname>
+      <surname>Michałkiewicz</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1996</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>login.access</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">File Formats and Configuration Files</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>login.access</refname>
+    <refpurpose>login access control table</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <emphasis remap='I'>login.access</emphasis> file specifies (user,
+      host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login
+      will be either accepted or refused.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      When someone logs in, the <emphasis remap='I'>login.access</emphasis>
+      is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host)
+      combination, or, in case of non-networked logins, the first entry that
+      matches the (user, tty) combination. The permissions field of that
+      table entry determines whether the login will be accepted or refused.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      Each line of the login access control table has three fields separated
+      by a ":" character:
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      <emphasis remap='I'>permission</emphasis>:<emphasis remap='I'>users</emphasis>:<emphasis remap='I'>origins</emphasis>
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      The first field should be a "<emphasis>+</emphasis>" (access granted)
+      or "<emphasis>-</emphasis>" (access denied) character. The second
+      field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or
+      <emphasis>ALL</emphasis> (always matches). The third field should be a
+      list of one or more tty names (for non-networked logins), host names,
+      domain names (begin with "<literal>.</literal>"), host addresses,
+      internet network numbers (end with "<literal>.</literal>"),
+      <emphasis>ALL</emphasis> (always matches) or
+      <emphasis>LOCAL</emphasis> (matches any string that does not contain a
+      "<literal>.</literal>" character). If you run NIS you can use
+      @netgroupname in host or user patterns.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      The <emphasis>EXCEPT</emphasis> operator makes it possible to write
+      very compact rules.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      The group file is searched only when a name does not match that of the
+      logged-in user. Only groups are matched in which users are explicitly
+      listed: the program does not look at a user's primary group id value.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.5.xml b/man/login.defs.5.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab62fa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.5.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,549 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2009, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN" 
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY CHFN_AUTH             SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CHFN_AUTH.xml">
+<!ENTITY CHFN_RESTRICT         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CHFN_RESTRICT.xml">
+<!ENTITY CHSH_AUTH             SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CHSH_AUTH.xml">
+<!ENTITY CONSOLE               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CONSOLE.xml">
+<!ENTITY CONSOLE_GROUPS        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CONSOLE_GROUPS.xml">
+<!ENTITY CREATE_HOME           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CREATE_HOME.xml">
+<!ENTITY DEFAULT_HOME          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/DEFAULT_HOME.xml">
+<!ENTITY ENCRYPT_METHOD        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENCRYPT_METHOD.xml">
+<!ENTITY ENV_HZ                SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_HZ.xml">
+<!ENTITY ENV_PATH              SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_PATH.xml">
+<!ENTITY ENV_SUPATH            SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_SUPATH.xml">
+<!ENTITY ENV_TZ                SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_TZ.xml">
+<!ENTITY ENVIRON_FILE          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENVIRON_FILE.xml">
+<!ENTITY ERASECHAR             SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ERASECHAR.xml">
+<!ENTITY FAIL_DELAY            SYSTEM "login.defs.d/FAIL_DELAY.xml">
+<!ENTITY FAILLOG_ENAB          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/FAILLOG_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY FAKE_SHELL            SYSTEM "login.defs.d/FAKE_SHELL.xml">
+<!ENTITY FTMP_FILE             SYSTEM "login.defs.d/FTMP_FILE.xml">
+<!ENTITY GID_MAX               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/GID_MAX.xml">
+<!ENTITY HMAC_CRYPTO_ALGO      SYSTEM "login.defs.d/HMAC_CRYPTO_ALGO.xml">
+<!ENTITY HOME_MODE             SYSTEM "login.defs.d/HOME_MODE.xml">
+<!ENTITY HUSHLOGIN_FILE        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/HUSHLOGIN_FILE.xml">
+<!ENTITY ISSUE_FILE            SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ISSUE_FILE.xml">
+<!ENTITY KILLCHAR              SYSTEM "login.defs.d/KILLCHAR.xml">
+<!ENTITY LASTLOG_ENAB          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LASTLOG_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY LASTLOG_UID_MAX       SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LASTLOG_UID_MAX.xml">
+<!ENTITY LOG_OK_LOGINS         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LOG_OK_LOGINS.xml">
+<!ENTITY LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB      SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY LOGIN_RETRIES         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LOGIN_RETRIES.xml">
+<!ENTITY LOGIN_STRING          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LOGIN_STRING.xml">
+<!ENTITY LOGIN_TIMEOUT         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LOGIN_TIMEOUT.xml">
+<!ENTITY MAIL_CHECK_ENAB       SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAIL_CHECK_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY MAIL_DIR              SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAIL_DIR.xml">
+<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
+<!ENTITY MD5_CRYPT_ENAB        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY MOTD_FILE             SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MOTD_FILE.xml">
+<!ENTITY NOLOGINS_FILE         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/NOLOGINS_FILE.xml">
+<!ENTITY NONEXISTENT           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/NONEXISTENT.xml">
+<!ENTITY OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB   SYSTEM "login.defs.d/OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_ALWAYS_WARN      SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_ALWAYS_WARN.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_CHANGE_TRIES     SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_CHANGE_TRIES.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_MAX_LEN          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_LEN.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_MAX_DAYS         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_MIN_DAYS         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_WARN_AGE         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_WARN_AGE.xml">
+<!ENTITY PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB  SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY QUOTAS_ENAB           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/QUOTAS_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS  SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS.xml">
+<!ENTITY SULOG_FILE            SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SULOG_FILE.xml">
+<!ENTITY SU_NAME               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SU_NAME.xml">
+<!ENTITY SU_WHEEL_ONLY         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SU_WHEEL_ONLY.xml">
+<!ENTITY SUB_GID_COUNT         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SUB_GID_COUNT.xml">
+<!ENTITY SUB_UID_COUNT         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SUB_UID_COUNT.xml">
+<!ENTITY SYS_GID_MAX           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYS_GID_MAX.xml">
+<!ENTITY SYSLOG_SG_ENAB        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SG_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY SYSLOG_SU_ENAB        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SU_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY SYS_UID_MAX           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYS_UID_MAX.xml">
+<!ENTITY TCB_AUTH_GROUP        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TCB_AUTH_GROUP.xml">
+<!ENTITY TCB_SYMLINKS          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TCB_SYMLINKS.xml">
+<!ENTITY TTYGROUP              SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TTYGROUP.xml">
+<!ENTITY TTYTYPE_FILE          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TTYTYPE_FILE.xml">
+<!ENTITY UID_MAX               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/UID_MAX.xml">
+<!ENTITY ULIMIT                SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ULIMIT.xml">
+<!ENTITY UMASK                 SYSTEM "login.defs.d/UMASK.xml">
+<!ENTITY USERDEL_CMD           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USERDEL_CMD.xml">
+<!ENTITY USERGROUPS_ENAB       SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USERGROUPS_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY USE_TCB               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+
+<refentry id='login.defs.5'>
+  <!--  $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">File Formats and Configuration Files</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>login.defs</refname>
+    <refpurpose>shadow password suite configuration</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> file defines the
+      site-specific configuration for the shadow password suite. This file
+      is required. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation,
+      but will probably result in undesirable operation.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      This file is a readable text file, each line of the file describing
+      one configuration parameter. The lines consist of a configuration name
+      and value, separated by whitespace. Blank lines and comment lines are
+      ignored. Comments are introduced with a "#" pound sign and the pound
+      sign must be the first non-white character of the line.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and
+      long numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters. A
+      boolean should be either the value <replaceable>yes</replaceable> or
+      <replaceable>no</replaceable>. An undefined boolean
+      parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a
+      <replaceable>no</replaceable>
+      value. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values,
+      octal values (precede the value with <replaceable>0</replaceable>) or
+      hexadecimal values
+      (precede the value with <replaceable>0x</replaceable>).
+      The maximum value of the regular and
+      long numeric parameters is machine-dependent.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>The following configuration items are provided:</para>
+
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      &CHFN_AUTH;
+      &CHFN_RESTRICT;
+      &CHSH_AUTH;
+      &CONSOLE;
+      &CONSOLE_GROUPS;
+      &CREATE_HOME;
+      &DEFAULT_HOME;
+      &ENCRYPT_METHOD;
+      &ENV_HZ;
+      &ENV_PATH;
+      &ENV_SUPATH;
+      &ENV_TZ;
+      &ENVIRON_FILE;
+      &ERASECHAR;
+      &FAIL_DELAY;
+      &FAILLOG_ENAB;
+      &FAKE_SHELL;
+      &FTMP_FILE;
+      &GID_MAX; <!-- documents also GID_MIN -->
+      &HMAC_CRYPTO_ALGO;
+      &HOME_MODE;
+      &HUSHLOGIN_FILE;
+      &ISSUE_FILE;
+      &KILLCHAR;
+      &LASTLOG_ENAB;
+      &LASTLOG_UID_MAX;
+      &LOG_OK_LOGINS;
+      &LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB;
+      &LOGIN_RETRIES;
+      &LOGIN_STRING;
+      &LOGIN_TIMEOUT;
+      &MAIL_CHECK_ENAB;
+      &MAIL_DIR;
+      &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
+      &MD5_CRYPT_ENAB;
+      &MOTD_FILE;
+      &NOLOGINS_FILE;
+      &NONEXISTENT;
+      &OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB;
+      &PASS_ALWAYS_WARN;
+      &PASS_CHANGE_TRIES;
+      &PASS_MAX_DAYS;
+      &PASS_MIN_DAYS;
+      &PASS_WARN_AGE;
+      <para> 
+        <option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option>, <option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> and
+        <option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> are only used at the
+        time of account creation. Any changes to these settings won't affect
+        existing accounts.
+      </para>
+      &PASS_MAX_LEN; <!-- documents also PASS_MIN_LEN -->
+      &PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB;
+      &QUOTAS_ENAB;
+      &SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS; <!-- documents also SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS -->
+      &SULOG_FILE;
+      &SU_NAME;
+      &SU_WHEEL_ONLY;
+      &SUB_GID_COUNT; <!-- documents also SUB_GID_MIN SUB_GID_MAX -->
+      &SUB_UID_COUNT; <!-- documents also SUB_UID_MIN SUB_UID_MAX -->
+      &SYS_GID_MAX; <!-- documents also SYS_GID_MIN -->
+      &SYS_UID_MAX; <!-- documents also SYS_UID_MIN -->
+      &SYSLOG_SG_ENAB;
+      &SYSLOG_SU_ENAB;
+      &TCB_AUTH_GROUP;
+      &TCB_SYMLINKS;
+      &TTYGROUP;
+      &TTYTYPE_FILE;
+      &UID_MAX; <!-- documents also UID_MIN -->
+      &ULIMIT;
+      &UMASK;
+      &USERDEL_CMD;
+      &USERGROUPS_ENAB;
+      &USE_TCB;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='cross_references'>
+    <title>CROSS REFERENCES</title>
+    <para>
+      The following cross references show which programs in the shadow
+      password suite use which parameters.
+    </para>
+    <!-- .na -->
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry condition="tcb">
+	<term>chage</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>USE_TCB</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>chfn</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    <phrase condition="no_pam">CHFN_AUTH</phrase>
+	    CHFN_RESTRICT
+	    <phrase condition="no_pam">LOGIN_STRING</phrase>
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>chgpasswd</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+	    <phrase condition="sha_crypt">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS
+	    SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>chpasswd</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    <phrase condition="no_pam">ENCRYPT_METHOD
+	    MD5_CRYPT_ENAB </phrase>
+	    <phrase condition="sha_crypt">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS
+	    SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+	<term>chsh</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <!-- expiry: no variables (CONSOLE_GROUPS linked, but not used) -->
+      <!-- faillog: no variables -->
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>gpasswd</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+	    <phrase condition="sha_crypt">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS
+	    SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>groupadd</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+	    SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>groupdel</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>groupmems</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>groupmod</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <!-- groups: no variables -->
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>grpck</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>grpconv</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>grpunconv</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <!-- id: no variables -->
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>lastlog</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>LASTLOG_UID_MAX</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>login</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    <phrase condition="no_pam">CONSOLE</phrase>
+	    CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
+	    <phrase condition="no_pam">ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH
+	    ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE</phrase>
+	    ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY
+	    <phrase condition="no_pam">FAILLOG_ENAB</phrase>
+	    FAKE_SHELL
+	    <phrase condition="no_pam">FTMP_FILE</phrase>
+	    HUSHLOGIN_FILE
+	    <phrase condition="no_pam">ISSUE_FILE</phrase>
+	    KILLCHAR
+	    <phrase condition="no_pam">LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX</phrase>
+	    LOGIN_RETRIES
+	    <phrase condition="no_pam">LOGIN_STRING</phrase>
+	    LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB
+	    <phrase condition="no_pam">MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE
+	    MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB
+	    QUOTAS_ENAB</phrase>
+	    TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE
+	    <phrase condition="no_pam">ULIMIT UMASK</phrase>
+	    USERGROUPS_ENAB
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <!-- logoutd: no variables -->
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>newgrp / sg</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    SYSLOG_SG_ENAB
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>newusers</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    ENCRYPT_METHOD
+	    GID_MAX GID_MIN
+	    MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+	    HOME_MODE
+	    PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+	    <phrase condition="sha_crypt">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS
+	    SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>
+	    SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN
+	    SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN
+	    SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN
+	    UMASK
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <!-- nologin: no variables -->
+      <varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+	<term>passwd</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB
+	    PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN
+	    <phrase condition="sha_crypt">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS
+	    SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>pwck</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+	    <phrase condition="tcb">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>pwconv</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+	    <phrase condition="tcb">USE_TCB</phrase>
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="tcb">
+	<term>pwunconv</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    <phrase condition="tcb">USE_TCB</phrase>
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>su</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    <phrase condition="no_pam">CONSOLE</phrase>
+	    CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
+	    <phrase condition="no_pam">ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE</phrase>
+	    ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH
+	    <phrase condition="no_pam">ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB
+	    MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB</phrase>
+	    SULOG_FILE SU_NAME
+	    <phrase condition="no_pam">SU_WHEEL_ONLY</phrase>
+	    SYSLOG_SU_ENAB
+	    <phrase condition="no_pam">USERGROUPS_ENAB</phrase>
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>sulogin</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    ENV_HZ
+	    <phrase condition="no_pam">ENV_TZ</phrase>
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>useradd</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    CREATE_HOME
+	    GID_MAX GID_MIN
+	    HOME_MODE
+	    LASTLOG_UID_MAX
+	    MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+	    PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+	    SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN
+	    SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN
+	    SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN
+	    UMASK
+	    <phrase condition="tcb">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB</phrase>
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>userdel</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD
+	    USERGROUPS_ENAB
+	    <phrase condition="tcb">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>usermod</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    LASTLOG_UID_MAX
+	    MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+	    <phrase condition="tcb">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="tcb">
+	<term>vipw</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    <phrase condition="tcb">USE_TCB</phrase>
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='bugs' condition="pam">
+    <title>BUGS</title>
+    <para>
+      Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow
+      password suite is now handled by PAM. Thus,
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> is no longer used by <citerefentry>
+      <refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>, or less used by <citerefentry>
+      <refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>, and <citerefentry>
+      <refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>. Please refer to the corresponding PAM configuration
+      files instead.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>pam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/CHFN_AUTH.xml b/man/login.defs.d/CHFN_AUTH.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..771fb0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/CHFN_AUTH.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>CHFN_AUTH</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <command>chfn</command>
+      program will require authentication before making any changes,
+      unless run by the superuser.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/CHFN_RESTRICT.xml b/man/login.defs.d/CHFN_RESTRICT.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a00ab3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/CHFN_RESTRICT.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>CHFN_RESTRICT</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      This parameter specifies which values in the <emphasis
+      remap='I'>gecos</emphasis> field of the
+      <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file may be changed by regular
+      users using the <command>chfn</command> program. It can be any
+      combination of letters <replaceable>f</replaceable>,
+      <replaceable>r</replaceable>, <replaceable>w</replaceable>,
+      <replaceable>h</replaceable>, for Full name, Room number, Work
+      phone, and Home phone, respectively. For backward compatibility,
+      <replaceable>yes</replaceable> is equivalent to
+      <replaceable>rwh</replaceable> and <replaceable>no</replaceable> is
+      equivalent to <replaceable>frwh</replaceable>. If not specified,
+      only the superuser can make any changes. The most restrictive
+      setting is better achieved by not installing <command>chfn</command>
+      SUID.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/CHSH_AUTH.xml b/man/login.defs.d/CHSH_AUTH.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c690d2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/CHSH_AUTH.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>CHSH_AUTH</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <command>chsh</command>
+      program will require authentication before making any changes,
+      unless run by the superuser.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/CONSOLE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/CONSOLE.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d0fefc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/CONSOLE.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>CONSOLE</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If defined, either full pathname of a file containing device names
+      (one per line) or a ":" delimited list of device names.  Root logins will be
+      allowed only upon these devices.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      If not defined, root will be allowed on any device.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The device should be specified without the /dev/ prefix.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/CONSOLE_GROUPS.xml b/man/login.defs.d/CONSOLE_GROUPS.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fd874c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/CONSOLE_GROUPS.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>CONSOLE_GROUPS</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      List of groups to add to the user's supplementary groups set when
+      logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting).
+      Default is none.
+    <para>
+    </para>
+      Use with caution - it is possible for users to gain permanent access
+      to these groups, even when not logged in on the console.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/CREATE_HOME.xml b/man/login.defs.d/CREATE_HOME.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..769c968
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/CREATE_HOME.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2009       , Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>CREATE_HOME</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Indicate if a home directory should be created by default for new
+      users.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      This setting does not apply to system users, and can be overridden on
+      the command line.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/DEFAULT_HOME.xml b/man/login.defs.d/DEFAULT_HOME.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5944c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/DEFAULT_HOME.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>DEFAULT_HOME</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Indicate if login is allowed if we can't cd to the home directory.
+      Default is no.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      If set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the user will login in
+      the root (<filename>/</filename>) directory if it is not possible to
+      cd to her home directory.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/ENCRYPT_METHOD.xml b/man/login.defs.d/ENCRYPT_METHOD.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85dd79b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/ENCRYPT_METHOD.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting
+      passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line).
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      It can take one of these values:
+      <replaceable>DES</replaceable> (default),
+      <replaceable>MD5</replaceable><phrase condition="sha_crypt">,
+      <replaceable>SHA256</replaceable>,
+      <replaceable>SHA512</replaceable></phrase>.
+      MD5 and DES should not be used for new hashes, see
+      <refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      for recommendations.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      Note: this parameter overrides the <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option>
+      variable.
+    </para>
+    <para condition="pam">
+      Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords.
+      The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the
+      PAM configuration. It is recommended to set this variable
+      consistently with the PAM configuration.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/ENVIRON_FILE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/ENVIRON_FILE.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f27f538
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/ENVIRON_FILE.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2009, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If this file exists and is readable, login environment will be
+      read from it.  Every line should be in the form name=value.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      Lines starting with a # are treated as comment lines and ignored.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/ENV_HZ.xml b/man/login.defs.d/ENV_HZ.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..daf1752
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/ENV_HZ.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <!-- XXX: When compiled with PAM support, only sulogin uses ENV_HZ -->
+  <term><option>ENV_HZ</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when
+      a user login. The value must be preceded by
+      <replaceable>HZ=</replaceable>. A common value on Linux is
+      <replaceable>HZ=100</replaceable>.
+    </para>
+    <para condition="pam">
+      The <envar>HZ</envar> environment variable is only set when the user
+      (the superuser) logs in with <command>sulogin</command>.
+    </para>
+    <!-- TODO: it can in fact be used to set any other variable-->
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/ENV_PATH.xml b/man/login.defs.d/ENV_PATH.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..633ed81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/ENV_PATH.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>ENV_PATH</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when
+      a regular user login. The value is a colon separated list of paths
+      (for example <replaceable>/bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>) and can be
+      preceded by <replaceable>PATH=</replaceable>. The default value is
+      <replaceable>PATH=/bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>.
+    </para>
+    <!-- TODO: it can in fact be used to set any other variable-->
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/ENV_SUPATH.xml b/man/login.defs.d/ENV_SUPATH.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d34298b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/ENV_SUPATH.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2009, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when
+      the superuser login. The value is a colon separated list of paths 
+      (for example
+      <replaceable>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>) and can be
+      preceded by <replaceable>PATH=</replaceable>. The default value is
+      <replaceable>PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>.
+    </para>
+    <!-- TODO: it can in fact be used to set any other variable-->
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/ENV_TZ.xml b/man/login.defs.d/ENV_TZ.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04d208e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/ENV_TZ.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>ENV_TZ</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when
+      a user login. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by
+      <replaceable>TZ=</replaceable> (for example
+      <replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</replaceable>), or the full path to the file
+      containing the timezone specification (for example
+      <filename>/etc/tzname</filename>).
+    </para>
+    <!-- TODO: it can in fact be used to set any other variable-->
+    <para>
+      If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be
+      read, the default is to use <replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</replaceable>.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/ERASECHAR.xml b/man/login.defs.d/ERASECHAR.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42cbfcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/ERASECHAR.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>ERASECHAR</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Terminal ERASE character (<replaceable>010</replaceable> =
+      backspace, <replaceable>0177</replaceable> = DEL).
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The value can be prefixed "0" for an octal value, or "0x" for an
+      hexadecimal value.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/FAILLOG_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/FAILLOG_ENAB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4bff21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/FAILLOG_ENAB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>FAILLOG_ENAB</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Enable logging and display of <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename>
+      login failure info.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/FAIL_DELAY.xml b/man/login.defs.d/FAIL_DELAY.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fea7862
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/FAIL_DELAY.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>FAIL_DELAY</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Delay in seconds before being allowed another attempt after a login
+      failure.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/FAKE_SHELL.xml b/man/login.defs.d/FAKE_SHELL.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c596b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/FAKE_SHELL.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>FAKE_SHELL</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If set, <command>login</command> will execute this shell instead of
+      the users' shell specified in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/FTMP_FILE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/FTMP_FILE.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..930f9a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/FTMP_FILE.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>FTMP_FILE</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If defined, login failures will be logged in this file in a utmp format.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/GID_MAX.xml b/man/login.defs.d/GID_MAX.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b051e5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/GID_MAX.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>GID_MAX</option> (number)</term>
+  <term><option>GID_MIN</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by
+      <command>useradd</command>, <command>groupadd</command>, or
+      <command>newusers</command>.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The default value for <option>GID_MIN</option> (resp.
+      <option>GID_MAX</option>) is 1000 (resp. 60000).
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/HMAC_CRYPTO_ALGO.xml b/man/login.defs.d/HMAC_CRYPTO_ALGO.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3aa3370
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/HMAC_CRYPTO_ALGO.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>HMAC_CRYPTO_ALGO</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Used to select the HMAC cryptography algorithm that the pam_timestamp
+      module is going to use to calculate the keyed-hash message authentication
+      code.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      Note: Check <refentrytitle>hmac</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+      to see the possible algorithms that are available in your system.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/HOME_MODE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/HOME_MODE.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1be69d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/HOME_MODE.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2009, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>HOME_MODE</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      The mode for new home directories. If not specified,
+      the <option>UMASK</option> is used to create the mode.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      <command>useradd</command> and <command>newusers</command> use this
+      to set the mode of the home directory they create.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/HUSHLOGIN_FILE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/HUSHLOGIN_FILE.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84c82fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/HUSHLOGIN_FILE.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>HUSHLOGIN_FILE</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If defined, this file can inhibit all the usual chatter during the
+      login sequence.  If a full pathname is specified, then hushed mode
+      will be enabled if the user's name or shell are found in the file.
+      If not a full pathname, then hushed mode will be enabled if the file
+      exists in the user's home directory.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/ISSUE_FILE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/ISSUE_FILE.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1d2c3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/ISSUE_FILE.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>ISSUE_FILE</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If defined, this file will be displayed before each login prompt.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/KILLCHAR.xml b/man/login.defs.d/KILLCHAR.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b73cc2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/KILLCHAR.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>KILLCHAR</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Terminal KILL character (<replaceable>025</replaceable> = CTRL/U).
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The value can be prefixed "0" for an octal value, or "0x" for an
+      hexadecimal value.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/LASTLOG_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/LASTLOG_ENAB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9603096
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/LASTLOG_ENAB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>LASTLOG_ENAB</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Enable logging and display of /var/log/lastlog login time info.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/LASTLOG_UID_MAX.xml b/man/login.defs.d/LASTLOG_UID_MAX.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38ad310
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/LASTLOG_UID_MAX.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2018, Red Hat, inc.
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>LASTLOG_UID_MAX</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be
+      updated. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user
+      identity and authentication services there is no need to create
+      a huge sparse lastlog file for them.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      No <option>LASTLOG_UID_MAX</option> option present in the configuration
+      means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_RETRIES.xml b/man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_RETRIES.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba0b05a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_RETRIES.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>LOGIN_RETRIES</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Maximum number of login retries in case of bad password.
+    </para>
+    <para condition="pam">
+      This will most likely be overridden by PAM, since the default
+      pam_unix module has its own built in of 3 retries. However, this is
+      a safe fallback in case you are using an authentication module that
+      does not enforce PAM_MAXTRIES.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_STRING.xml b/man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_STRING.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12183c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_STRING.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>LOGIN_STRING</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      The string used for prompting a password. The default is to use
+      "Password: ", or a translation of that string. If you set this
+      variable, the prompt will not be translated.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      If the string contains <replaceable>%s</replaceable>, this will be
+      replaced by the user's name.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_TIMEOUT.xml b/man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_TIMEOUT.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af20462
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_TIMEOUT.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>LOGIN_TIMEOUT</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Max time in seconds for login.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/LOG_OK_LOGINS.xml b/man/login.defs.d/LOG_OK_LOGINS.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35b13e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/LOG_OK_LOGINS.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>LOG_OK_LOGINS</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Enable logging of successful logins.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..040382c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Enable display of unknown usernames when login failures are
+      recorded.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      Note: logging unknown usernames may be a security issue if an user
+      enter her password instead of her login name.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/MAIL_CHECK_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/MAIL_CHECK_ENAB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..584f328
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/MAIL_CHECK_ENAB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Enable checking and display of mailbox status upon login.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      You should disable it if the shell startup files already check for
+      mail ("mailx -e" or equivalent).
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/MAIL_DIR.xml b/man/login.defs.d/MAIL_DIR.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..328ebb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/MAIL_DIR.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>MAIL_DIR</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      The mail spool directory. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox
+      when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted. If not
+      specified, a compile-time default is used.
+      The parameter CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>
+      determines whether the mail spool should be created.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry><varlistentry>
+  <term><option>MAIL_FILE</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to
+      their home directory.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
+<!-- FIXME: MAIL_FILE not used in useradd -->
+<para>
+  The <option>MAIL_DIR</option> and <option>MAIL_FILE</option> variables
+  are used by <command>useradd</command>, <command>usermod</command>, and
+  <command>userdel</command> to create, move, or delete the user's mail
+  spool.
+</para>
+<para condition="no_pam">
+  If <option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> is set to
+  <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, they are also used to define the
+  <envar>MAIL</envar> environment variable.
+</para>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml b/man/login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..345cdb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new
+      group entry (line) is started in <filename>/etc/group</filename>
+      (with the same name, same password, and same GID).
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the
+      number of members in a group.
+    </para>
+    <!-- Note: on HP, split groups have the same ID, but different
+               names. -->
+    <para>
+      This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in
+      the group file. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS
+      groups are not larger than 1024 characters.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the
+      Shadow toolsuite). You should not use this variable unless you really
+      need it.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94006a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5-based
+      algorithm. If set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, new passwords
+      will be encrypted using the MD5-based algorithm compatible with the
+      one used by recent releases of FreeBSD. It supports passwords of
+      unlimited length and longer salt strings. Set to
+      <replaceable>no</replaceable> if you need to copy encrypted
+      passwords to other systems which don't understand the new algorithm.
+      Default is <replaceable>no</replaceable>.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      This variable is superseded by the <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option>
+      variable or by any command line option used to configure the
+      encryption algorithm.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      This variable is deprecated. You should use
+      <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option>.
+    </para>
+    <para condition="pam">
+      Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords.
+      The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the
+      PAM configuration. It is recommended to set this variable
+      consistently with the PAM configuration.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/MOTD_FILE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/MOTD_FILE.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7350e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/MOTD_FILE.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>MOTD_FILE</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If defined, ":" delimited list of "message of the day" files to be
+      displayed upon login.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/NOLOGINS_FILE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/NOLOGINS_FILE.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41be5f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/NOLOGINS_FILE.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>NOLOGINS_FILE</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If defined, name of file whose presence will inhibit non-root
+      logins.  The contents of this file should be a message indicating
+      why logins are inhibited.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/NONEXISTENT.xml b/man/login.defs.d/NONEXISTENT.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6484ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/NONEXISTENT.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2009, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>NONEXISTENT</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If a system account intentionally does not have a home directory
+      that exists, this string can be provided in the /etc/passwd
+      entry for the account to indicate this.  The result is that pwck
+      will not emit a spurious warning for this account.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9215790
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Enable additional checks upon password changes.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/PASS_ALWAYS_WARN.xml b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_ALWAYS_WARN.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3eb224a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_ALWAYS_WARN.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>PASS_ALWAYS_WARN</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Warn about weak passwords (but still allow them) if you are root.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/PASS_CHANGE_TRIES.xml b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_CHANGE_TRIES.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3fa0ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_CHANGE_TRIES.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>PASS_CHANGE_TRIES</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Maximum number of attempts to change password if rejected (too
+      easy).
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f7061b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      The maximum number of days a password may be used. If the password
+      is older than this, a password change will be forced.  If not
+      specified, -1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction).
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_LEN.xml b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_LEN.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e14583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_LEN.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> (number)</term>
+  <term><option>PASS_MIN_LEN</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Number of significant characters in the password for crypt().
+      <option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> is 8 by default. Don't change unless
+      your crypt() is better. This is ignored if
+      <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> set to
+      <replaceable>yes</replaceable>.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c35cbb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      The minimum number of days allowed between password changes.  Any
+      password changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected. If not
+      specified, 0 will be assumed (which disables the restriction).
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/PASS_WARN_AGE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_WARN_AGE.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0feeb7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_WARN_AGE.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      The number of days warning given before a password expires. A zero
+      means warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative
+      value means no warning is given. If not specified, no warning will
+      be provided.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78d683b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Enable checking of time restrictions specified in
+      <filename>/etc/porttime</filename>.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/QUOTAS_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/QUOTAS_ENAB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f85d7d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/QUOTAS_ENAB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Enable setting of resource limits from
+      <filename>/etc/limits</filename> and ulimit, umask, and niceness
+      from the user's passwd gecos field.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS.xml b/man/login.defs.d/SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43972d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="sha_crypt">
+  <term><option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> (number)</term>
+  <term><option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      When <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> is set to
+      <replaceable>SHA256</replaceable> or
+      <replaceable>SHA512</replaceable>, this defines the number of SHA
+      rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number
+      of rounds is not specified on the command line).
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the
+      password. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to
+      authenticate users.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds
+      (5000), which is orders of magnitude too low for modern hardware.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The values must be inside the 1000-999,999,999 range.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      If only one of the <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> or
+      <option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> values is set, then this value
+      will be used.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      If <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> &gt;
+      <option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option>, the highest value will be
+      used.
+    </para>
+    <para condition="pam">
+      Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords.
+      The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the
+      PAM configuration. It is recommended to set this variable
+      consistently with the PAM configuration.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/SUB_GID_COUNT.xml b/man/login.defs.d/SUB_GID_COUNT.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4eb5078
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/SUB_GID_COUNT.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013, Eric W. Biederman
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="subids">
+  <term><option>SUB_GID_MIN</option> (number)</term>
+  <term><option>SUB_GID_MAX</option> (number)</term>
+  <term><option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If <filename>/etc/subuid</filename> exists, the commands
+      <command>useradd</command> and <command>newusers</command> (unless
+      the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate
+      <option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> unused group IDs from the range
+      <option>SUB_GID_MIN</option> to <option>SUB_GID_MAX</option> for each
+      new user.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The default values for <option>SUB_GID_MIN</option>,
+      <option>SUB_GID_MAX</option>, <option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option>
+      are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/SUB_UID_COUNT.xml b/man/login.defs.d/SUB_UID_COUNT.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90bead5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/SUB_UID_COUNT.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013, Eric W. Biederman
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="subids">
+  <term><option>SUB_UID_MIN</option> (number)</term>
+  <term><option>SUB_UID_MAX</option> (number)</term>
+  <term><option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If <filename>/etc/subuid</filename> exists, the commands
+      <command>useradd</command> and <command>newusers</command> (unless
+      the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate
+      <option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> unused user IDs from the range
+      <option>SUB_UID_MIN</option> to <option>SUB_UID_MAX</option> for each
+      new user.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The default values for <option>SUB_UID_MIN</option>,
+      <option>SUB_UID_MAX</option>, <option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option>
+      are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/SULOG_FILE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/SULOG_FILE.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fab8aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/SULOG_FILE.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>SULOG_FILE</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If defined, all su activity is logged to this file.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/SU_NAME.xml b/man/login.defs.d/SU_NAME.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d71d1aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/SU_NAME.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>SU_NAME</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If defined, the command name to display when running "su -".  For
+      example, if this is defined as "su" then a "ps" will display the
+      command is "-su".  If not defined, then "ps" would display the name
+      of the shell actually being run, e.g. something like "-sh".
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/SU_WHEEL_ONLY.xml b/man/login.defs.d/SU_WHEEL_ONLY.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a0b39a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/SU_WHEEL_ONLY.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!-- TODO: TBC -->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>SU_WHEEL_ONLY</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the user must be listed as a
+      member of the first gid 0 group in <filename>/etc/group</filename>
+      (called <replaceable>root</replaceable> on most Linux systems) to be
+      able to <command>su</command> to uid 0 accounts.  If the group
+      doesn't exist or is empty, no one will be able to
+      <command>su</command> to uid 0.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SG_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SG_ENAB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e2f23a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SG_ENAB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>SYSLOG_SG_ENAB</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Enable "syslog" logging of <command>sg</command> activity.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SU_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SU_ENAB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..155e3c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SU_ENAB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>SYSLOG_SU_ENAB</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Enable "syslog" logging of <command>su</command> activity - in
+      addition to sulog file logging.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/SYS_GID_MAX.xml b/man/login.defs.d/SYS_GID_MAX.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f39ddfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/SYS_GID_MAX.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (number)</term>
+  <term><option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by
+      <command>useradd</command>, <command>groupadd</command>, or
+      <command>newusers</command>.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The default value for <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (resp.
+      <option>SYS_GID_MAX</option>) is 101 (resp. <option>GID_MIN</option>-1).
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/SYS_UID_MAX.xml b/man/login.defs.d/SYS_UID_MAX.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b0a1de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/SYS_UID_MAX.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (number)</term>
+  <term><option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by
+      <command>useradd</command> or <command>newusers</command>.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The default value for <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (resp.
+      <option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>) is 101 (resp. <option>UID_MIN</option>-1).
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/TCB_AUTH_GROUP.xml b/man/login.defs.d/TCB_AUTH_GROUP.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fabcb03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/TCB_AUTH_GROUP.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2010, Pawel Hajdan
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="tcb">
+  <term><option>TCB_AUTH_GROUP</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, newly created tcb shadow files
+      will be group owned by the <replaceable>auth</replaceable> group.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/TCB_SYMLINKS.xml b/man/login.defs.d/TCB_SYMLINKS.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e52c34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/TCB_SYMLINKS.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2010, Pawel Hajdan
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="tcb">
+  <term><option>TCB_SYMLINKS</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the location of the user tcb
+      directory to be created will not be automatically set to /etc/tcb/user,
+      but will be computed depending on the UID of the user, according to
+      the following algorithm:
+      <programlisting>
+if ( UID is less than 1000) {
+  use /etc/tcb/user
+} else if ( UID is less than 1000000) {
+  kilos = UID / 1000
+  use /etc/tcb/:kilos/user
+  make symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory
+} else {
+  megas = UID / 1000000
+  kilos = ( UID / megas * 1000000 ) / 1000
+  use /etc/tcb/:megas/:kilos/user
+  make symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory
+}
+      </programlisting>
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/TTYGROUP.xml b/man/login.defs.d/TTYGROUP.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7cb53d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/TTYGROUP.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>TTYGROUP</option> (string)</term>
+  <term><option>TTYPERM</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the
+      <option>TTYGROUP</option> group, and the permissions will be set to
+      <option>TTYPERM</option>.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user's
+      primary group and the permissions are set to
+      <replaceable>0600</replaceable>.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      <option>TTYGROUP</option> can be either the name of a group or a
+      numeric group identifier.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      If you have a <command>write</command> program which is "setgid" to
+      a special group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the
+      group number and TTYPERM to 0620.  Otherwise leave TTYGROUP
+      commented out and assign TTYPERM to either 622 or 600.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/TTYTYPE_FILE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/TTYTYPE_FILE.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..491bb0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/TTYTYPE_FILE.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>TTYTYPE_FILE</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If defined, file which maps tty line to TERM environment parameter.
+      Each line of the file is in a format something like "vt100  tty01".
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/UID_MAX.xml b/man/login.defs.d/UID_MAX.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df365d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/UID_MAX.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>UID_MAX</option> (number)</term>
+  <term><option>UID_MIN</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by
+      <command>useradd</command> or <command>newusers</command>.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The default value for <option>UID_MIN</option> (resp.
+      <option>UID_MAX</option>) is 1000 (resp. 60000).
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/ULIMIT.xml b/man/login.defs.d/ULIMIT.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ff3733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/ULIMIT.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+  <term><option>ULIMIT</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Default <command>ulimit</command> value.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/UMASK.xml b/man/login.defs.d/UMASK.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1090e05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/UMASK.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2009, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>UMASK</option> (number)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value. If not
+      specified, the mask will be initialized to 022.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      <command>useradd</command> and <command>newusers</command> use this
+      mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if
+      <option>HOME_MODE</option> is not set.
+    </para>
+    <para condition="no_pam">
+      It is also used by <command>login</command> to define users' initial
+      umask.  Note that this mask can be overridden by the user's GECOS
+      line (if <option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> is set) or by the
+      specification of a limit with the <emphasis>K</emphasis> identifier
+      in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>limits</refentrytitle>
+      <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+    <para condition="pam">
+      It is also used by <command>pam_umask</command> as the default umask
+      value.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/USERDEL_CMD.xml b/man/login.defs.d/USERDEL_CMD.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56c0933
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/USERDEL_CMD.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1996 - 2000, Marek Michałkiewicz
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2009, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>USERDEL_CMD</option> (string)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If defined, this command is run when removing a user. It should
+      remove any at/cron/print jobs etc. owned by the user to be removed
+      (passed as the first argument).
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The return code of the script is not taken into account.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      Here is an example script, which removes the user's
+      cron, at and print jobs:
+      <programlisting>
+#! /bin/sh
+
+# Check for the required argument.
+if [ $# != 1 ]; then
+	echo "Usage: $0 username"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# Remove cron jobs.
+crontab -r -u $1
+
+# Remove at jobs.
+# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID,
+# even if it was shared by a different username.
+AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs
+find $AT_SPOOL_DIR -name "[^.]*" -type f -user $1 -delete \;
+
+# Remove print jobs.
+lprm $1
+
+# All done.
+exit 0
+      </programlisting>
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/USERGROUPS_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/USERGROUPS_ENAB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6338fc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/USERGROUPS_ENAB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry>
+  <term><option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para condition="no_pam">
+      Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits
+      (examples: 022 -> 002, 077 -> 007) for non-root users, if the uid is
+      the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      If set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, <command>userdel</command>
+      will remove the user's group if it contains no more members, and
+      <command>useradd</command> will create by default a group with the
+      name of the user.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a89bf23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2010, Pawel Hajdan
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<varlistentry condition="tcb">
+  <term><option>USE_TCB</option> (boolean)</term>
+  <listitem>
+    <para>
+      If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <citerefentry>
+      <refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+      password shadowing scheme will be used.
+    </para>
+  </listitem>
+</varlistentry>
diff --git a/man/logoutd.8.xml b/man/logoutd.8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3f96e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/logoutd.8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991       , Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='logoutd.8'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>logoutd</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>logoutd</refname>
+    <refpurpose>enforce login time restrictions</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+  <!-- body begins here -->
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>logoutd</command>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      <command>logoutd</command> enforces the login time and port
+      restrictions specified in <filename>/etc/porttime</filename>. 
+      <command>logoutd</command> should be started from
+      <filename>/etc/rc</filename>. The <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename>
+      file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if
+      the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time. 
+      Any login session which is violating the restrictions in
+      <filename>/etc/porttime</filename> is terminated.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/porttime</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>File containing port access.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/var/run/utmp</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>List of current login sessions.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/man1/chage.1 b/man/man1/chage.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37f72d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man1/chage.1
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chage
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: User Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "CHAGE" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "User Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+chage \- change user password expiry information
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBchage\fR\ 'u
+\fBchage\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change\&. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchage\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-lastday\fR\ \&\fILAST_DAY\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last changed\&. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY\-MM\-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)\&. If the
+\fILAST_DAY\fR
+is set to
+\fI0\fR
+the user is forced to change his password on the next log on\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on which the user\*(Aqs account will no longer be accessible\&. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY\-MM\-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&.
+.sp
+For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 days:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+	    chage \-E $(date \-d +180days +%Y\-%m\-%d)
+	  
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+will remove an account expiration date\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-iso8601\fR
+.RS 4
+When printing dates, use YYYY\-MM\-DD format\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked\&. The
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+option is the number of days of inactivity\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as the
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+will remove an account\*(Aqs inactivity\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+Show account aging information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
+\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid\&. When
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+plus
+\fILAST_DAY\fR
+is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account\&. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the
+\fB\-W\fR
+option, which provides the user with advance warning\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The
+\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If none of the options are selected,
+\fBchage\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of
+\fI[ ]\fR
+marks\&.
+.SH "NOTE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+program requires a shadow password file to be available\&.
+.PP
+The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password file\&. This implies that configuration from other sources (e\&.g\&. LDAP or empty password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user\*(Aqs login will not be shown in the chage output\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+program will also not report any inconsistency between the shadow and passwd files (e\&.g\&. missing x in the passwd file)\&. The
+\fBpwck\fR
+can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command is restricted to the root user, except for the
+\fB\-l\fR
+option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information\&.
+.RE
+.SH "EXIT VALUES"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+permission denied
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI15\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt find the shadow password file
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/man1/chfn.1 b/man/man1/chfn.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d73f7f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man1/chfn.1
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chfn
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: User Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "CHFN" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "User Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+chfn \- change real user name and information
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBchfn\fR\ 'u
+\fBchfn\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchfn\fR
+command changes user fullname, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a user\*(Aqs account\&. This information is typically printed by
+\fBfinger\fR(1)
+and similar programs\&. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&. (The default configuration is to prevent users from changing their fullname\&.) The superuser may change any field for any account\&. Additionally, only the superuser may use the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field\&.
+.PP
+These fields must not contain any colons\&. Except for the
+\fIother\fR
+field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign\&. It is also recommended to avoid non\-US\-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone numbers\&. The
+\fIother\fR
+field is used to store accounting information used by other applications\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchfn\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-full\-name\fR\ \&\fIFULL_NAME\fR
+.RS 4
+Change the user\*(Aqs full name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-home\-phone\fR\ \&\fIHOME_PHONE\fR
+.RS 4
+Change the user\*(Aqs home phone number\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-other\fR\ \&\fIOTHER\fR
+.RS 4
+Change the user\*(Aqs other GECOS information\&. This field is used to store accounting information used by other applications, and can be changed only by a superuser\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-room\fR\ \&\fIROOM_NUMBER\fR
+.RS 4
+Change the user\*(Aqs room number\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-work\-phone\fR\ \&\fIWORK_PHONE\fR
+.RS 4
+Change the user\*(Aqs office phone number\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If none of the options are selected,
+\fBchfn\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of
+\fB[ ]\fR
+marks\&. Without options,
+\fBchfn\fR
+prompts for the current user account\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBCHFN_AUTH\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+If
+\fIyes\fR, the
+\fBchfn\fR
+program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBCHFN_RESTRICT\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+This parameter specifies which values in the
+\fIgecos\fR
+field of the
+/etc/passwd
+file may be changed by regular users using the
+\fBchfn\fR
+program\&. It can be any combination of letters
+\fIf\fR,
+\fIr\fR,
+\fIw\fR,
+\fIh\fR, for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and Home phone, respectively\&. For backward compatibility,
+\fIyes\fR
+is equivalent to
+\fIrwh\fR
+and
+\fIno\fR
+is equivalent to
+\fIfrwh\fR\&. If not specified, only the superuser can make any changes\&. The most restrictive setting is better achieved by not installing
+\fBchfn\fR
+SUID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+The string used for prompting a password\&. The default is to use "Password: ", or a translation of that string\&. If you set this variable, the prompt will not be translated\&.
+.sp
+If the string contains
+\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/man1/chsh.1 b/man/man1/chsh.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97458a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man1/chsh.1
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chsh
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: User Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "CHSH" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "User Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+chsh \- change login shell
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBchsh\fR\ 'u
+\fBchsh\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchsh\fR
+command changes the user login shell\&. This determines the name of the user\*(Aqs initial login command\&. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchsh\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the user\*(Aqs new login shell\&. Setting this field to blank causes the system to select the default login shell\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If the
+\fB\-s\fR
+option is not selected,
+\fBchsh\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell\&. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one\&. The current shell is displayed between a pair of
+\fI[ ]\fR
+marks\&.
+.SH "NOTE"
+.PP
+The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must be listed in
+/etc/shells, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added\&. An account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell\&. For this reason, placing
+/bin/rsh
+in
+/etc/shells
+is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBCHSH_AUTH\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+If
+\fIyes\fR, the
+\fBchsh\fR
+program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+The string used for prompting a password\&. The default is to use "Password: ", or a translation of that string\&. If you set this variable, the prompt will not be translated\&.
+.sp
+If the string contains
+\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shells
+.RS 4
+List of valid login shells\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/man1/expiry.1 b/man/man1/expiry.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f5a120
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man1/expiry.1
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: expiry
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: User Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "EXPIRY" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "User Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+expiry \- check and enforce password expiration policy
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBexpiry\fR\ 'u
+\fBexpiry\fR \fIoption\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBexpiry\fR
+command checks (\fB\-c\fR) the current password expiration and forces (\fB\-f\fR) changes when required\&. It is callable as a normal user command\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBexpiry\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR
+.RS 4
+Check the password expiration of the current user\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+Force a password change if the current user has an expired password\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/man1/getsubids.1 b/man/man1/getsubids.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d92334
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man1/getsubids.1
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: getsubids
+.\"    Author: Iker Pedrosa
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: User Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "GETSUBIDS" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "User Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+getsubids \- get the subordinate id ranges for a user
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgetsubids\fR\ 'u
+\fBgetsubids\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fIUSER\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgetsubids\fR
+command lists the subordinate user ID ranges for a given user\&. The subordinate group IDs can be listed using the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgetsubids\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR
+.RS 4
+List the subordinate group ID ranges\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.SH "EXAMPLE"
+.PP
+For example, to obtain the subordinate UIDs of the testuser:
+.PP
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+$ getsubids testuser
+0: testuser 100000 65536
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+This command output provides (in order from left to right) the list index, username, UID range start, and number of UIDs in range\&.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewgidmap\fR(1),
+\fBnewuidmap\fR(1),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5),
+\fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&.
+\fBusermod\fR(8),
diff --git a/man/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/man1/gpasswd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e11bcdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man1/gpasswd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: gpasswd
+.\"    Author: Rafal Maszkowski
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: User Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "GPASSWD" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "User Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+gpasswd \- administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBgpasswd\fR [\fIoption\fR] \fIgroup\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+command is used to administer
+/etc/group, and /etc/gshadow\&. Every group can have
+administrators,
+members and a password\&.
+.PP
+System administrators can use the
+\fB\-A\fR
+option to define group administrator(s) and the
+\fB\-M\fR
+option to define members\&. They have all rights of group administrators and members\&.
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+called by
+a group administrator
+with a group name only prompts for the new password of the
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.PP
+If a password is set the members can still use
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1)
+without a password, and non\-members must supply the password\&.
+.SS "Notes about group passwords"
+.PP
+Group passwords are an inherent security problem since more than one person is permitted to know the password\&. However, groups are a useful tool for permitting co\-operation between different users\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+Except for the
+\fB\-A\fR
+and
+\fB\-M\fR
+options, the options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR
+.RS 4
+Add the
+\fIuser\fR
+to the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the
+\fIuser\fR
+from the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\-password\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the password from the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password will be empty\&. Only group members will be allowed to use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+to join the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-restrict\fR
+.RS 4
+Restrict the access to the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password is set to "!"\&. Only group members with a password will be allowed to use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+to join the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-administrators\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&.
+.RS 4
+Set the list of administrative users\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-members\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&.
+.RS 4
+Set the list of group members\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+This tool only operates on the
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow files\&.
+Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)\&.
+.sp
+It can take one of these values:
+\fIDES\fR
+(default),
+\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. MD5 and DES should not be used for new hashes, see
+crypt(5)
+for recommendations\&.
+.sp
+Note: this parameter overrides the
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variable\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
+/etc/group
+(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&.
+.sp
+The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&.
+.sp
+This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&.
+.sp
+If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&.
+.sp
+Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to
+\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to
+\fIno\fR
+if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is
+\fIno\fR\&.
+.sp
+This variable is superseded by the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&.
+.sp
+This variable is deprecated\&. You should use
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+When
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+is set to
+\fISHA256\fR
+or
+\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&.
+.sp
+With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password\&. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users\&.
+.sp
+If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000), which is orders of magnitude too low for modern hardware\&.
+.sp
+The values must be inside the 1000\-999,999,999 range\&.
+.sp
+If only one of the
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+or
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
+values is set, then this value will be used\&.
+.sp
+If
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+>
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account information\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/man1/groups.1 b/man/man1/groups.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b9fbf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man1/groups.1
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groups
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: User Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPS" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "User Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+groups \- display current group names
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroups\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroups\fR [\fIuser\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroups\fR
+command displays the current group names or ID values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value\&. The optional
+\fIuser\fR
+parameter will display the groups for the named user\&.
+.SH "NOTE"
+.PP
+Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)) will have the information from
+/etc/group
+reported\&. The user must use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+or
+\fBsg\fR
+to change his current real and effective group ID\&.
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)\&.
diff --git a/man/man1/id.1 b/man/man1/id.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..010db36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man1/id.1
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: id
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: User Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "ID" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "User Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+id \- display current user and group ID names
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBid\fR\ 'u
+\fBid\fR [\-a]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBid\fR
+command displays the current real and effective user and group ID names or values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/passwd
+or
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed without the corresponding name\&. The optional
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag will display the group set on systems which support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3))\&.
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)
diff --git a/man/man1/login.1 b/man/man1/login.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eaa39db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man1/login.1
@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: User Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "LOGIN" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "User Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+login \- begin session on the system
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] [\fIusername\fR] [\fIENV=VAR\fR...]
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] \-f \fIusername\fR
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] \-r\ \fIhost\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is used to establish a new session with the system\&. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the
+\fIlogin:\fR
+prompt on the user\*(Aqs terminal\&.
+\fBlogin\fR
+may be special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub\-process\&. When called from a shell,
+\fBlogin\fR
+should be executed as
+\fBexec login\fR
+which will cause the user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of the caller)\&. Attempting to execute
+\fBlogin\fR
+from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message\&.
+.PP
+The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate\&. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password\&. Only a small number of password failures are permitted before
+\fBlogin\fR
+exits and the communications link is severed\&.
+.PP
+If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for a new password before proceeding\&. You will be forced to provide your old password and the new password before continuing\&. Please refer to
+\fBpasswd\fR(1)
+for more information\&.
+.PP
+After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and the presence of mail\&. You may turn off the printing of the system message file,
+/etc/motd, by creating a zero\-length file
+\&.hushlogin
+in your login directory\&. The mail message will be one of "\fIYou have new mail\&.\fR", "\fIYou have mail\&.\fR", or "\fINo Mail\&.\fR" according to the condition of your mailbox\&.
+.PP
+Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the
+/etc/passwd
+file\&. The value for
+\fB$HOME\fR,
+\fB$SHELL\fR,
+\fB$PATH\fR,
+\fB$LOGNAME\fR, and
+\fB$MAIL\fR
+are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry\&. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field\&.
+.PP
+On some installations, the environmental variable
+\fB$TERM\fR
+will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in
+/etc/ttytype\&.
+.PP
+An initialization script for your command interpreter may also be executed\&. Please see the appropriate manual section for more information on this function\&.
+.PP
+A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a "*" as the first character of the login shell\&. The given home directory will be used as the root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of
+\fBgetty\fR(8)
+and
+\fBinit\fR(8)
+to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use
+\fBlogin\fR
+from the shell prompt without
+\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR
+.RS 4
+Do not perform authentication, user is preauthenticated\&.
+.sp
+Note: In that case,
+\fIusername\fR
+is mandatory\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR
+.RS 4
+Name of the remote host for this login\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR
+.RS 4
+Preserve environment\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR
+.RS 4
+Perform autologin protocol for rlogin\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR,
+\fB\-h\fR
+and
+\fB\-f\fR
+options are only used when
+\fBlogin\fR
+is invoked by root\&.
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+This version of
+\fBlogin\fR
+has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&.
+.PP
+The location of files is subject to differences in system configuration\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of
+\fBgetty\fR(8)
+and
+\fBinit\fR(8)
+to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use
+\fBlogin\fR
+from the shell prompt without
+\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&.
+.PP
+As with any program,
+\fBlogin\fR\*(Aqs appearance can be faked\&. If non\-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the machine\&. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBCONSOLE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, either full pathname of a file containing device names (one per line) or a ":" delimited list of device names\&. Root logins will be allowed only upon these devices\&.
+.sp
+If not defined, root will be allowed on any device\&.
+.sp
+The device should be specified without the /dev/ prefix\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBCONSOLE_GROUPS\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+List of groups to add to the user\*(Aqs supplementary groups set when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting)\&. Default is none\&.
+
+Use with caution \- it is possible for users to gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBDEFAULT_HOME\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Indicate if login is allowed if we can\*(Aqt cd to the home directory\&. Default is no\&.
+.sp
+If set to
+\fIyes\fR, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBENV_HZ\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by
+\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is
+\fIHZ=100\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBENV_PATH\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a regular user login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example
+\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by
+\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is
+\fIPATH=/bin:/usr/bin\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBENV_SUPATH\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superuser login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example
+\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by
+\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is
+\fIPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBENV_TZ\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by
+\fITZ=\fR
+(for example
+\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example
+/etc/tzname)\&.
+.sp
+If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use
+\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If this file exists and is readable, login environment will be read from it\&. Every line should be in the form name=value\&.
+.sp
+Lines starting with a # are treated as comment lines and ignored\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBERASECHAR\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Terminal ERASE character (\fI010\fR
+= backspace,
+\fI0177\fR
+= DEL)\&.
+.sp
+The value can be prefixed "0" for an octal value, or "0x" for an hexadecimal value\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBFAIL_DELAY\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Delay in seconds before being allowed another attempt after a login failure\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBFAILLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable logging and display of
+/var/log/faillog
+login failure info\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBFAKE_SHELL\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If set,
+\fBlogin\fR
+will execute this shell instead of the users\*(Aq shell specified in
+/etc/passwd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBFTMP_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, login failures will be logged in this file in a utmp format\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBHUSHLOGIN_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, this file can inhibit all the usual chatter during the login sequence\&. If a full pathname is specified, then hushed mode will be enabled if the user\*(Aqs name or shell are found in the file\&. If not a full pathname, then hushed mode will be enabled if the file exists in the user\*(Aqs home directory\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBISSUE_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, this file will be displayed before each login prompt\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBKILLCHAR\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Terminal KILL character (\fI025\fR
+= CTRL/U)\&.
+.sp
+The value can be prefixed "0" for an octal value, or "0x" for an hexadecimal value\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBLASTLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable logging and display of /var/log/lastlog login time info\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBLOGIN_RETRIES\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Maximum number of login retries in case of bad password\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+The string used for prompting a password\&. The default is to use "Password: ", or a translation of that string\&. If you set this variable, the prompt will not be translated\&.
+.sp
+If the string contains
+\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBLOGIN_TIMEOUT\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Max time in seconds for login\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBLOG_OK_LOGINS\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable logging of successful logins\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBLOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable display of unknown usernames when login failures are recorded\&.
+.sp
+Note: logging unknown usernames may be a security issue if an user enter her password instead of her login name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable checking and display of mailbox status upon login\&.
+.sp
+You should disable it if the shell startup files already check for mail ("mailx \-e" or equivalent)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+The mail spool directory\&. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted\&. If not specified, a compile\-time default is used\&. The parameter CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL in
+/etc/default/useradd
+determines whether the mail spool should be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home directory\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+The
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
+and
+\fBMAIL_FILE\fR
+variables are used by
+\fBuseradd\fR,
+\fBusermod\fR, and
+\fBuserdel\fR
+to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR
+is set to
+\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the
+\fBMAIL\fR
+environment variable\&.
+.PP
+\fBMOTD_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, ":" delimited list of "message of the day" files to be displayed upon login\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBNOLOGINS_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, name of file whose presence will inhibit non\-root logins\&. The contents of this file should be a message indicating why logins are inhibited\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable checking of time restrictions specified in
+/etc/porttime\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable setting of resource limits from
+/etc/limits
+and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user\*(Aqs passwd gecos field\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBTTYGROUP\fR (string), \fBTTYPERM\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the
+\fBTTYGROUP\fR
+group, and the permissions will be set to
+\fBTTYPERM\fR\&.
+.sp
+By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user\*(Aqs primary group and the permissions are set to
+\fI0600\fR\&.
+.sp
+\fBTTYGROUP\fR
+can be either the name of a group or a numeric group identifier\&.
+.sp
+If you have a
+\fBwrite\fR
+program which is "setgid" to a special group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the group number and TTYPERM to 0620\&. Otherwise leave TTYGROUP commented out and assign TTYPERM to either 622 or 600\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBTTYTYPE_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, file which maps tty line to TERM environment parameter\&. Each line of the file is in a format something like "vt100 tty01"\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBULIMIT\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Default
+\fBulimit\fR
+value\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBUMASK\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value\&. If not specified, the mask will be initialized to 022\&.
+.sp
+\fBuseradd\fR
+and
+\fBnewusers\fR
+use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if
+\fBHOME_MODE\fR
+is not set\&.
+.sp
+It is also used by
+\fBlogin\fR
+to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if
+\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR
+is set) or by the specification of a limit with the
+\fIK\fR
+identifier in
+\fBlimits\fR(5)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits (examples: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) for non\-root users, if the uid is the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name\&.
+.sp
+If set to
+\fIyes\fR,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will create by default a group with the name of the user\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/var/run/utmp
+.RS 4
+List of current login sessions\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/var/log/wtmp
+.RS 4
+List of previous login sessions\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/motd
+.RS 4
+System message of the day file\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/nologin
+.RS 4
+Prevent non\-root users from logging in\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/ttytype
+.RS 4
+List of terminal types\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+$HOME/\&.hushlogin
+.RS 4
+Suppress printing of system messages\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBmail\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnologin\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBsecuretty\fR(5),
+\fBgetty\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/man1/newgidmap.1 b/man/man1/newgidmap.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c60cf7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man1/newgidmap.1
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newgidmap
+.\"    Author: Eric Biederman
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: User Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "NEWGIDMAP" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "User Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+newgidmap \- set the gid mapping of a user namespace
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBnewgidmap\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewgidmap\fR \fIpid\fR \fIgid\fR \fIlowergid\fR \fIcount\fR [\fIgid\fR\ \fIlowergid\fR\ \fIcount\fR\ [\ \fI\&.\&.\&.\fR\ ]]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewgidmap\fR
+sets
+/proc/[pid]/gid_map
+based on its command line arguments and the gids allowed\&. Subgid delegation can either be managed via
+/etc/subgid
+or through the configured NSS subid module\&. These options are mutually exclusive\&.
+.PP
+Note that the root group is not exempted from the requirement for a valid
+/etc/subgid
+entry\&.
+.PP
+After the pid argument,
+\fBnewgidmap\fR
+expects sets of 3 integers:
+.PP
+gid
+.RS 4
+Beginning of the range of GIDs inside the user namespace\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+lowergid
+.RS 4
+Beginning of the range of GIDs outside the user namespace\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+count
+.RS 4
+Length of the ranges (both inside and outside the user namespace)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBnewgidmap\fR
+verifies that the caller is the owner of the process indicated by
+\fBpid\fR
+and that for each of the above sets, each of the GIDs in the range [lowergid, lowergid+count) is allowed to the caller according to
+/etc/subgid
+before setting
+/proc/[pid]/gid_map\&.
+.PP
+Note that newgidmap may be used only once for a given process\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+There currently are no options to the
+\fBnewgidmap\fR
+command\&.
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+List of user\*(Aqs subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/proc/[pid]/gid_map
+.RS 4
+Mapping of gids from one between user namespaces\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/man1/newgrp.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..312e6ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man1/newgrp.1
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newgrp
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: User Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "NEWGRP" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "User Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+newgrp \- log in to a new group
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBnewgrp\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewgrp\fR [\-] [\fIgroup\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+command is used to change the current group ID during a login session\&. If the optional
+\fB\-\fR
+flag is given, the user\*(Aqs environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged\&.
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in
+/etc/passwd
+if no group name is given\&.
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+also tries to add the group to the user groupset\&. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in
+/etc/shadow
+if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in
+/etc/passwd
+otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password\&. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member\&.
+.PP
+If there is an entry for this group in
+/etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in
+/etc/group
+is considered\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable "syslog" logging of
+\fBsg\fR
+activity\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account information\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsg\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/man1/newuidmap.1 b/man/man1/newuidmap.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4dda67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man1/newuidmap.1
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newuidmap
+.\"    Author: Eric Biederman
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: User Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "NEWUIDMAP" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "User Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+newuidmap \- set the uid mapping of a user namespace
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBnewuidmap\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewuidmap\fR \fIpid\fR \fIuid\fR \fIloweruid\fR \fIcount\fR [\fIuid\fR\ \fIloweruid\fR\ \fIcount\fR\ [\ \fI\&.\&.\&.\fR\ ]]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewuidmap\fR
+sets
+/proc/[pid]/uid_map
+based on its command line arguments and the uids allowed\&. Subuid delegation can either be managed via
+/etc/subuid
+or through the configured NSS subid module\&. These options are mutually exclusive\&.
+.PP
+Note that the root user is not exempted from the requirement for a valid
+/etc/subuid
+entry\&.
+.PP
+After the pid argument,
+\fBnewuidmap\fR
+expects sets of 3 integers:
+.PP
+uid
+.RS 4
+Beginning of the range of UIDs inside the user namespace\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+loweruid
+.RS 4
+Beginning of the range of UIDs outside the user namespace\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+count
+.RS 4
+Length of the ranges (both inside and outside the user namespace)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBnewuidmap\fR
+verifies that the caller is the owner of the process indicated by
+\fBpid\fR
+and that for each of the above sets, each of the UIDs in the range [loweruid, loweruid+count) is allowed to the caller according to
+/etc/subuid
+before setting
+/proc/[pid]/uid_map\&.
+.PP
+Note that newuidmap may be used only once for a given process\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+There currently are no options to the
+\fBnewuidmap\fR
+command\&.
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+List of user\*(Aqs subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/proc/[pid]/uid_map
+.RS 4
+Mapping of uids from one between user namespaces\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/man1/passwd.1 b/man/man1/passwd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc1a46e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man1/passwd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: passwd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: User Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "PASSWD" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "User Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+passwd \- change user password
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBpasswd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command changes passwords for user accounts\&. A normal user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR
+also changes the account or associated password validity period\&.
+.SS "Password Changes"
+.PP
+The user is first prompted for their old password, if one is present\&. This password is then encrypted and compared against the stored password\&. The user has only one chance to enter the correct password\&. The superuser is permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten passwords may be changed\&.
+.PP
+After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time\&. If not,
+\fBpasswd\fR
+refuses to change the password and exits\&.
+.PP
+The user is then prompted twice for a replacement password\&. The second entry is compared against the first and both are required to match in order for the password to be changed\&.
+.PP
+Then, the password is tested for complexity\&. As a general guideline, passwords should consist of 6 to 8 characters including one or more characters from each of the following sets:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+lower case alphabetics
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+digits 0 thru 9
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+punctuation marks
+.RE
+.PP
+Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill characters\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR
+will reject any password which is not suitably complex\&.
+.SS "Hints for user passwords"
+.PP
+The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space\&. The legacy
+\fIUNIX\fR
+System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm\&. More recent methods are now recommended (see
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR)\&. The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected\&.
+.PP
+Compromises in password security normally result from careless password selection or handling\&. For this reason, you should not select a password which appears in a dictionary or which must be written down\&. The password should also not be a proper name, your license number, birth date, or street address\&. Any of these may be used as guesses to violate system security\&.
+.PP
+You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en\&.wikipedia\&.org/wiki/Password_strength
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+.RS 4
+This option can be used only with
+\fB\-S\fR
+and causes show status for all users\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR
+.RS 4
+Delete a user\*(Aqs password (make it empty)\&. This is a quick way to disable a password for an account\&. It will set the named account passwordless\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expire\fR
+.RS 4
+Immediately expire an account\*(Aqs password\&. This in effect can force a user to change their password at the user\*(Aqs next login\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+This option is used to disable an account after the password has been expired for a number of days\&. After a user account has had an expired password for
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+days, the user may no longer sign on to the account\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-tokens\fR
+.RS 4
+Indicate password change should be performed only for expired authentication tokens (passwords)\&. The user wishes to keep their non\-expired tokens as before\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock the password of the named account\&. This option disables a password by changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it adds a \(aa!\(aa at the beginning of the password)\&.
+.sp
+Note that this does not disable the account\&. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e\&.g\&. an SSH key)\&. To disable the account, administrators should use
+\fBusermod \-\-expiredate 1\fR
+(this set the account\*(Aqs expire date to Jan 2, 1970)\&.
+.sp
+Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their password\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
+\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Quiet mode\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repository\fR\ \&\fIREPOSITORY\fR
+.RS 4
+change password in
+\fIREPOSITORY\fR
+repository
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-status\fR
+.RS 4
+Display account status information\&. The status information consists of 7 fields\&. The first field is the user\*(Aqs login name\&. The second field indicates if the user account has a locked password (L), has no password (NP), or has a usable password (P)\&. The third field gives the date of the last password change\&. The next four fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning period, and inactivity period for the password\&. These ages are expressed in days\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
+.RS 4
+Unlock the password of the named account\&. This option re\-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the
+\fB\-l\fR
+option)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The
+\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid\&. After
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR, the password is required to be changed\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+Password complexity checking may vary from site to site\&. The user is urged to select a password as complex as he or she feels comfortable with\&.
+.PP
+Users may not be able to change their password on a system if NIS is enabled and they are not logged into the NIS server\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)\&.
+.sp
+It can take one of these values:
+\fIDES\fR
+(default),
+\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. MD5 and DES should not be used for new hashes, see
+crypt(5)
+for recommendations\&.
+.sp
+Note: this parameter overrides the
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variable\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to
+\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to
+\fIno\fR
+if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is
+\fIno\fR\&.
+.sp
+This variable is superseded by the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&.
+.sp
+This variable is deprecated\&. You should use
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBOBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable additional checks upon password changes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPASS_ALWAYS_WARN\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Warn about weak passwords (but still allow them) if you are root\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPASS_CHANGE_TRIES\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Maximum number of attempts to change password if rejected (too easy)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR (number), \fBPASS_MIN_LEN\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Number of significant characters in the password for crypt()\&.
+\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR
+is 8 by default\&. Don\*(Aqt change unless your crypt() is better\&. This is ignored if
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+set to
+\fIyes\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+When
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+is set to
+\fISHA256\fR
+or
+\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&.
+.sp
+With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password\&. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users\&.
+.sp
+If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000), which is orders of magnitude too low for modern hardware\&.
+.sp
+The values must be inside the 1000\-999,999,999 range\&.
+.sp
+If only one of the
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+or
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
+values is set, then this value will be used\&.
+.sp
+If
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+>
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration\&.
+.RE
+.SH "EXIT VALUES"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+permission denied
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid combination of options
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+unexpected failure, nothing done
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+unexpected failure,
+passwd
+file missing
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+passwd
+file busy, try again
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBchpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/man1/sg.1 b/man/man1/sg.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..860c58e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man1/sg.1
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: sg
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: User Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "SG" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "User Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+sg \- execute command as different group ID
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBsg\fR\ 'u
+\fBsg\fR [\-] [group\ [\-c\ ]\ command]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsg\fR
+command works similar to
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+but accepts a command\&. The command will be executed with the
+/bin/sh
+shell\&. With most shells you may run
+\fBsg\fR
+from, you need to enclose multi\-word commands in quotes\&. Another difference between
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+and
+\fBsg\fR
+is that some shells treat
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+creates\&. This doesn\*(Aqt happen with
+\fBsg\fR, so upon exit from a
+\fBsg\fR
+command you are returned to your previous group ID\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable "syslog" logging of
+\fBsg\fR
+activity\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account information\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/man1/su.1 b/man/man1/su.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7c5cb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man1/su.1
@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: su
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: User Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "SU" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "User Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+su \- change user ID or become superuser
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBsu\fR\ 'u
+\fBsu\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fI\-\fR] [\fIusername\fR\ [\ \fIargs\fR\ ]]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsu\fR
+command is used to become another user during a login session\&. Invoked without a
+\fBusername\fR,
+\fBsu\fR
+defaults to becoming the superuser\&. The
+\fB\-\fR
+option may be used to provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly\&. The
+\fB\-c\fR
+option may be used to treat the next argument as a command by most shells\&.
+.PP
+Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list\&. You can use the
+\fB\-\-\fR
+argument to stop option parsing\&. The
+\fB\-\fR
+option is special: it is also recognized after
+\fB\-\-\fR, but has to be placed before
+\fBusername\fR\&.
+.PP
+The user will be prompted for a password, if appropriate\&. Invalid passwords will produce an error message\&. All attempts, both valid and invalid, are logged to detect abuse of the system\&.
+.PP
+The current environment is passed to the new shell\&. The value of
+\fB$PATH\fR
+is reset to
+/bin:/usr/bin
+for normal users, or
+/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
+for the superuser\&. This may be changed with the
+\fBENV_PATH\fR
+and
+\fBENV_SUPATH\fR
+definitions in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.PP
+A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a "*" as the first character of the login shell\&. The given home directory will be used as the root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBsu\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR\ \&\fICOMMAND\fR
+.RS 4
+Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its
+\fB\-c\fR\&.
+.sp
+The executed command will have no controlling terminal\&. This option cannot be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-\fR, \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR
+.RS 4
+Provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly\&.
+.sp
+When
+\fB\-\fR
+is used, it must be specified before any
+\fBusername\fR\&. For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any
+\fBusername\fR\&. The other forms (\fB\-l\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-login\fR) do not have this restriction\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+The shell that will be invoked\&.
+.sp
+The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first):
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The shell specified with \-\-shell\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
+is used, the shell specified by the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environment variable\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The shell indicated in the
+/etc/passwd
+entry for the target user\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+/bin/sh
+if a shell could not be found by any above method\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+If the target user has a restricted shell (i\&.e\&. the shell field of this user\*(Aqs entry in
+/etc/passwd
+is not listed in
+/etc/shells), then the
+\fB\-\-shell\fR
+option or the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environment variable won\*(Aqt be taken into account, unless
+\fBsu\fR
+is called by root\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
+.RS 4
+Preserve the current environment, except for:
+.PP
+\fB$PATH\fR
+.RS 4
+reset according to the
+/etc/login\&.defs
+options
+\fBENV_PATH\fR
+or
+\fBENV_SUPATH\fR
+(see below);
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB$IFS\fR
+.RS 4
+reset to
+\(lq<space><tab><newline>\(rq, if it was set\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless
+\fBsu\fR
+is called by root)\&.
+.sp
+Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following:
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The
+\fB$HOME\fR,
+\fB$SHELL\fR,
+\fB$USER\fR,
+\fB$LOGNAME\fR,
+\fB$PATH\fR, and
+\fB$IFS\fR
+environment variables are reset\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is not used, the environment is copied, except for the variables above\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, the
+\fB$TERM\fR,
+\fB$COLORTERM\fR,
+\fB$DISPLAY\fR, and
+\fB$XAUTHORITY\fR
+environment variables are copied if they were set\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, the
+\fB$TZ\fR,
+\fB$HZ\fR, and
+\fB$MAIL\fR
+environment variables are set according to the
+/etc/login\&.defs
+options
+\fBENV_TZ\fR,
+\fBENV_HZ\fR,
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR, and
+\fBMAIL_FILE\fR
+(see below)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, other environment variables might be set by the
+\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR
+file (see below)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+This version of
+\fBsu\fR
+has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBCONSOLE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, either full pathname of a file containing device names (one per line) or a ":" delimited list of device names\&. Root logins will be allowed only upon these devices\&.
+.sp
+If not defined, root will be allowed on any device\&.
+.sp
+The device should be specified without the /dev/ prefix\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBCONSOLE_GROUPS\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+List of groups to add to the user\*(Aqs supplementary groups set when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting)\&. Default is none\&.
+
+Use with caution \- it is possible for users to gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBDEFAULT_HOME\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Indicate if login is allowed if we can\*(Aqt cd to the home directory\&. Default is no\&.
+.sp
+If set to
+\fIyes\fR, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBENV_HZ\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by
+\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is
+\fIHZ=100\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If this file exists and is readable, login environment will be read from it\&. Every line should be in the form name=value\&.
+.sp
+Lines starting with a # are treated as comment lines and ignored\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBENV_PATH\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a regular user login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example
+\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by
+\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is
+\fIPATH=/bin:/usr/bin\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBENV_SUPATH\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superuser login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example
+\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by
+\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is
+\fIPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBENV_TZ\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by
+\fITZ=\fR
+(for example
+\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example
+/etc/tzname)\&.
+.sp
+If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use
+\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+The string used for prompting a password\&. The default is to use "Password: ", or a translation of that string\&. If you set this variable, the prompt will not be translated\&.
+.sp
+If the string contains
+\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable checking and display of mailbox status upon login\&.
+.sp
+You should disable it if the shell startup files already check for mail ("mailx \-e" or equivalent)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+The mail spool directory\&. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted\&. If not specified, a compile\-time default is used\&. The parameter CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL in
+/etc/default/useradd
+determines whether the mail spool should be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home directory\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+The
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
+and
+\fBMAIL_FILE\fR
+variables are used by
+\fBuseradd\fR,
+\fBusermod\fR, and
+\fBuserdel\fR
+to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR
+is set to
+\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the
+\fBMAIL\fR
+environment variable\&.
+.PP
+\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable setting of resource limits from
+/etc/limits
+and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user\*(Aqs passwd gecos field\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSULOG_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, all su activity is logged to this file\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSU_NAME\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, the command name to display when running "su \-"\&. For example, if this is defined as "su" then a "ps" will display the command is "\-su"\&. If not defined, then "ps" would display the name of the shell actually being run, e\&.g\&. something like "\-sh"\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSU_WHEEL_ONLY\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+If
+\fIyes\fR, the user must be listed as a member of the first gid 0 group in
+/etc/group
+(called
+\fIroot\fR
+on most Linux systems) to be able to
+\fBsu\fR
+to uid 0 accounts\&. If the group doesn\*(Aqt exist or is empty, no one will be able to
+\fBsu\fR
+to uid 0\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSYSLOG_SU_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable "syslog" logging of
+\fBsu\fR
+activity \- in addition to sulog file logging\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits (examples: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) for non\-root users, if the uid is the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name\&.
+.sp
+If set to
+\fIyes\fR,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will create by default a group with the name of the user\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration\&.
+.RE
+.SH "EXIT VALUES"
+.PP
+On success,
+\fBsu\fR
+returns the exit value of the command it executed\&.
+.PP
+If this command was terminated by a signal,
+\fBsu\fR
+returns the number of this signal plus 128\&.
+.PP
+If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the command did not terminate in time),
+\fBsu\fR
+returns 255\&.
+.PP
+Some exit values from
+\fBsu\fR
+are independent from the executed command:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success (\fB\-\-help\fR
+only)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+System or authentication failure
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI126\fR
+.RS 4
+The requested command was not found
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI127\fR
+.RS 4
+The requested command could not be executed
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBsg\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/man3/getspnam.3 b/man/man3/getspnam.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd473da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man3/getspnam.3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man3/shadow.3
diff --git a/man/man3/shadow.3 b/man/man3/shadow.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4249c5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man3/shadow.3
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: shadow
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Library Calls
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "SHADOW" "3" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Library Calls"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+shadow, getspnam \- encrypted password file routines
+.SH "SYNTAX"
+.PP
+\fI#include <shadow\&.h>\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *getspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *getspnam(char\fR
+\fI*name\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIvoid setspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIvoid endspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *fgetspent(FILE\fR
+\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *sgetspent(char\fR
+\fI*cp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIint putspent(struct spwd\fR
+\fI*p,\fR
+\fIFILE\fR
+\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIint lckpwdf();\fR
+.PP
+\fIint ulckpwdf();\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+\fIshadow\fR
+manipulates the contents of the shadow password file,
+/etc/shadow\&. The structure in the
+\fI#include\fR
+file is:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct spwd {
+      char		*sp_namp; /* user login name */
+      char		*sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */
+      long int		sp_lstchg; /* last password change */
+      long int		sp_min; /* days until change allowed\&. */
+      long int		sp_max; /* days before change required */
+      long int		sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */
+      long int		sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */
+      long int		sp_expire; /* date when account expires */
+      unsigned long int	sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */
+}
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+The meanings of each field are:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_namp \- pointer to null\-terminated user name
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_pwdp \- pointer to null\-terminated password
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_lstchg \- days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_min \- days before which password may not be changed
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_max \- days after which password must be changed
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_warn \- days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending password expiration
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_inact \- days after password expires that account is considered inactive and disabled
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_expire \- days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_flag \- reserved for future use
+.RE
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+\fIgetspent\fR,
+\fIgetspname\fR,
+\fIfgetspent\fR, and
+\fIsgetspent\fR
+each return a pointer to a
+\fIstruct spwd\fR\&.
+\fIgetspent\fR
+returns the next entry from the file, and
+\fIfgetspent\fR
+returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format\&.
+\fIsgetspent\fR
+returns a pointer to a
+\fIstruct spwd\fR
+using the provided string as input\&.
+\fIgetspnam\fR
+searches from the current position in the file for an entry matching
+\fIname\fR\&.
+.PP
+\fIsetspent\fR
+and
+\fIendspent\fR
+may be used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+and
+\fIulckpwdf\fR
+routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the
+/etc/shadow
+file\&.
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+attempts to acquire a lock using
+\fIpw_lock\fR
+for up to 15 seconds\&. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using
+\fIspw_lock\fR
+for the remainder of the initial 15 seconds\&. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds,
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+returns \-1\&. When both locks are acquired 0 is returned\&.
+.SH "DIAGNOSTICS"
+.PP
+Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing\&. Routines which have
+\fIint\fR
+as the return value return 0 for success and \-1 for failure\&.
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+These routines may only be used by the superuser as access to the shadow password file is restricted\&.
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBgetpwent\fR(3),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/man5/faillog.5 b/man/man5/faillog.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63a0df8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man5/faillog.5
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual:  File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "FAILLOG" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuratio"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+faillog \- login failure logging file
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account\&.
+.PP
+The file contains fixed length records, indexed by numerical UID\&. Each record contains the count of login failures since the last successful login; the maximum number of failures before the account is disabled; the line on which the last login failure occurred; the date of the last login failure; and the duration (in seconds) during which the account will be locked after a failure\&.
+.PP
+The structure of the file is:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct	faillog {
+	short   fail_cnt;
+	short   fail_max;
+	char    fail_line[12];
+	time_t  fail_time;
+	long    fail_locktime;
+};
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+Failure logging file\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR(8)
diff --git a/man/man5/gshadow.5 b/man/man5/gshadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..663c4c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man5/gshadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: gshadow
+.\"    Author: Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "GSHADOW" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+gshadow \- shadowed group file
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+contains the shadowed information for group accounts\&.
+.PP
+This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to be maintained\&.
+.PP
+Each line of this file contains the following colon\-separated fields:
+.PP
+\fBgroup name\fR
+.RS 4
+It must be a valid group name, which exist on the system\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBencrypted password\fR
+.RS 4
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.sp
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)\&.
+.sp
+The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1))\&.
+.sp
+This field may be empty, in which case only the group members can gain the group permissions\&.
+.sp
+A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&.
+.sp
+This password supersedes any password specified in
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBadministrators\fR
+.RS 4
+It must be a comma\-separated list of user names\&.
+.sp
+Administrators can change the password or the members of the group\&.
+.sp
+Administrators also have the same permissions as the members (see below)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBmembers\fR
+.RS 4
+It must be a comma\-separated list of user names\&.
+.sp
+Members can access the group without being prompted for a password\&.
+.sp
+You should use the same list of users as in
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account information\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBgrpconv\fR(8),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/man5/limits.5 b/man/man5/limits.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46c5432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man5/limits.5
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: limits
+.\"    Author: Luca Berra
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "LIMITS" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+limits \- resource limits definition
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fIlimits\fR
+file (/etc/limits
+by default or LIMITS_FILE defined
+config\&.h) describes the resource limits you wish to impose\&. It should be owned by root and readable by root account only\&.
+.PP
+By default no quota is imposed on \*(Aqroot\*(Aq\&. In fact, there is no way to impose limits via this procedure to root\-equiv accounts (accounts with UID 0)\&.
+.PP
+Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:
+.PP
+\fIuser LIMITS_STRING\fR
+.PP
+or in the form:
+.PP
+\fI@group LIMITS_STRING\fR
+.PP
+The
+\fILIMITS_STRING\fR
+is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits\&. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit\&.
+.PP
+The valid identifiers are:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+A: max address space (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+C: max core file size (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+D: max data size (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+F: maximum file size (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+K: file creation mask, set by
+\fBumask\fR(2)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+I: max nice value (0\&.\&.39 which translates to 20\&.\&.\-19)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+L: max number of logins for this user
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+M: max locked\-in\-memory address space (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+N: max number of open files
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+O: max real time priority
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+P: process priority, set by
+\fBsetpriority\fR(2)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+R: max resident set size (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+S: max stack size (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+T: max CPU time (MIN)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+U: max number of processes
+.RE
+.PP
+For example,
+\fIL2D2048N5\fR
+is a valid
+\fILIMITS_STRING\fR\&. For reading convenience, the following entries are equivalent:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      username L2D2048N5
+      username L2 D2048 N5
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Be aware that after
+\fIusername\fR
+the rest of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed\&. An invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the
+\fBlogin\fR
+program\&.
+.PP
+The default entry is denoted by username "\fI*\fR"\&. If you have multiple
+\fIdefault\fR
+entries in your
+\fILIMITS_FILE\fR, then the last one will be used as the default entry\&.
+.PP
+The limits specified in the form "\fI@group\fR" apply to the members of the specified
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.PP
+If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for this user will be considered\&.
+.PP
+If no lines are specified for a user, the last
+\fI@group\fR
+line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the user\&.
+.PP
+To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" will do\&.
+.PP
+To disable a limit for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit\&.
+.PP
+Also, please note that all limit settings are set PER LOGIN\&. They are not global, nor are they permanent\&. Perhaps global limits will come, but for now this will have to do ;)
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/limits
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsetpriority\fR(2),
+\fBsetrlimit\fR(2)\&.
diff --git a/man/man5/login.access.5 b/man/man5/login.access.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37d57b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man5/login.access.5
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login.access
+.\"    Author: Marek Michałkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "LOGIN\&.ACCESS" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+login.access \- login access control table
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fIlogin\&.access\fR
+file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused\&.
+.PP
+When someone logs in, the
+\fIlogin\&.access\fR
+is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non\-networked logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination\&. The permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be accepted or refused\&.
+.PP
+Each line of the login access control table has three fields separated by a ":" character:
+.PP
+\fIpermission\fR:\fIusers\fR:\fIorigins\fR
+.PP
+The first field should be a "\fI+\fR" (access granted) or "\fI\-\fR" (access denied) character\&. The second field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or
+\fIALL\fR
+(always matches)\&. The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non\-networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with "\&."), host addresses, internet network numbers (end with "\&."),
+\fIALL\fR
+(always matches) or
+\fILOCAL\fR
+(matches any string that does not contain a "\&." character)\&. If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user patterns\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fIEXCEPT\fR
+operator makes it possible to write very compact rules\&.
+.PP
+The group file is searched only when a name does not match that of the logged\-in user\&. Only groups are matched in which users are explicitly listed: the program does not look at a user\*(Aqs primary group id value\&.
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/man5/login.defs.5 b/man/man5/login.defs.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..350870e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man5/login.defs.5
@@ -0,0 +1,872 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login.defs
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "LOGIN\&.DEFS" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+login.defs \- shadow password suite configuration
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+/etc/login\&.defs
+file defines the site\-specific configuration for the shadow password suite\&. This file is required\&. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation\&.
+.PP
+This file is a readable text file, each line of the file describing one configuration parameter\&. The lines consist of a configuration name and value, separated by whitespace\&. Blank lines and comment lines are ignored\&. Comments are introduced with a "#" pound sign and the pound sign must be the first non\-white character of the line\&.
+.PP
+Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long numbers\&. A string is comprised of any printable characters\&. A boolean should be either the value
+\fIyes\fR
+or
+\fIno\fR\&. An undefined boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a
+\fIno\fR
+value\&. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, octal values (precede the value with
+\fI0\fR) or hexadecimal values (precede the value with
+\fI0x\fR)\&. The maximum value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine\-dependent\&.
+.PP
+The following configuration items are provided:
+.PP
+\fBCHFN_AUTH\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+If
+\fIyes\fR, the
+\fBchfn\fR
+program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBCHFN_RESTRICT\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+This parameter specifies which values in the
+\fIgecos\fR
+field of the
+/etc/passwd
+file may be changed by regular users using the
+\fBchfn\fR
+program\&. It can be any combination of letters
+\fIf\fR,
+\fIr\fR,
+\fIw\fR,
+\fIh\fR, for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and Home phone, respectively\&. For backward compatibility,
+\fIyes\fR
+is equivalent to
+\fIrwh\fR
+and
+\fIno\fR
+is equivalent to
+\fIfrwh\fR\&. If not specified, only the superuser can make any changes\&. The most restrictive setting is better achieved by not installing
+\fBchfn\fR
+SUID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBCHSH_AUTH\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+If
+\fIyes\fR, the
+\fBchsh\fR
+program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBCONSOLE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, either full pathname of a file containing device names (one per line) or a ":" delimited list of device names\&. Root logins will be allowed only upon these devices\&.
+.sp
+If not defined, root will be allowed on any device\&.
+.sp
+The device should be specified without the /dev/ prefix\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBCONSOLE_GROUPS\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+List of groups to add to the user\*(Aqs supplementary groups set when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting)\&. Default is none\&.
+
+Use with caution \- it is possible for users to gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBCREATE_HOME\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Indicate if a home directory should be created by default for new users\&.
+.sp
+This setting does not apply to system users, and can be overridden on the command line\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBDEFAULT_HOME\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Indicate if login is allowed if we can\*(Aqt cd to the home directory\&. Default is no\&.
+.sp
+If set to
+\fIyes\fR, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)\&.
+.sp
+It can take one of these values:
+\fIDES\fR
+(default),
+\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. MD5 and DES should not be used for new hashes, see
+crypt(5)
+for recommendations\&.
+.sp
+Note: this parameter overrides the
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variable\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBENV_HZ\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by
+\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is
+\fIHZ=100\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBENV_PATH\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a regular user login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example
+\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by
+\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is
+\fIPATH=/bin:/usr/bin\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBENV_SUPATH\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superuser login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example
+\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by
+\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is
+\fIPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBENV_TZ\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by
+\fITZ=\fR
+(for example
+\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example
+/etc/tzname)\&.
+.sp
+If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use
+\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If this file exists and is readable, login environment will be read from it\&. Every line should be in the form name=value\&.
+.sp
+Lines starting with a # are treated as comment lines and ignored\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBERASECHAR\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Terminal ERASE character (\fI010\fR
+= backspace,
+\fI0177\fR
+= DEL)\&.
+.sp
+The value can be prefixed "0" for an octal value, or "0x" for an hexadecimal value\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBFAIL_DELAY\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Delay in seconds before being allowed another attempt after a login failure\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBFAILLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable logging and display of
+/var/log/faillog
+login failure info\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBFAKE_SHELL\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If set,
+\fBlogin\fR
+will execute this shell instead of the users\*(Aq shell specified in
+/etc/passwd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBFTMP_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, login failures will be logged in this file in a utmp format\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by
+\fBuseradd\fR,
+\fBgroupadd\fR, or
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+The default value for
+\fBGID_MIN\fR
+(resp\&.
+\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBHMAC_CRYPTO_ALGO\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+Used to select the HMAC cryptography algorithm that the pam_timestamp module is going to use to calculate the keyed\-hash message authentication code\&.
+.sp
+Note: Check
+hmac(3)
+to see the possible algorithms that are available in your system\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBHOME_MODE\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The mode for new home directories\&. If not specified, the
+\fBUMASK\fR
+is used to create the mode\&.
+.sp
+\fBuseradd\fR
+and
+\fBnewusers\fR
+use this to set the mode of the home directory they create\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBHUSHLOGIN_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, this file can inhibit all the usual chatter during the login sequence\&. If a full pathname is specified, then hushed mode will be enabled if the user\*(Aqs name or shell are found in the file\&. If not a full pathname, then hushed mode will be enabled if the file exists in the user\*(Aqs home directory\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBISSUE_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, this file will be displayed before each login prompt\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBKILLCHAR\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Terminal KILL character (\fI025\fR
+= CTRL/U)\&.
+.sp
+The value can be prefixed "0" for an octal value, or "0x" for an hexadecimal value\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBLASTLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable logging and display of /var/log/lastlog login time info\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&.
+.sp
+No
+\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR
+option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBLOG_OK_LOGINS\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable logging of successful logins\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBLOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable display of unknown usernames when login failures are recorded\&.
+.sp
+Note: logging unknown usernames may be a security issue if an user enter her password instead of her login name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBLOGIN_RETRIES\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Maximum number of login retries in case of bad password\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+The string used for prompting a password\&. The default is to use "Password: ", or a translation of that string\&. If you set this variable, the prompt will not be translated\&.
+.sp
+If the string contains
+\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBLOGIN_TIMEOUT\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Max time in seconds for login\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable checking and display of mailbox status upon login\&.
+.sp
+You should disable it if the shell startup files already check for mail ("mailx \-e" or equivalent)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+The mail spool directory\&. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted\&. If not specified, a compile\-time default is used\&. The parameter CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL in
+/etc/default/useradd
+determines whether the mail spool should be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home directory\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+The
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
+and
+\fBMAIL_FILE\fR
+variables are used by
+\fBuseradd\fR,
+\fBusermod\fR, and
+\fBuserdel\fR
+to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR
+is set to
+\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the
+\fBMAIL\fR
+environment variable\&.
+.PP
+\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
+/etc/group
+(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&.
+.sp
+The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&.
+.sp
+This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&.
+.sp
+If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&.
+.sp
+Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to
+\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to
+\fIno\fR
+if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is
+\fIno\fR\&.
+.sp
+This variable is superseded by the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&.
+.sp
+This variable is deprecated\&. You should use
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMOTD_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, ":" delimited list of "message of the day" files to be displayed upon login\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBNOLOGINS_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, name of file whose presence will inhibit non\-root logins\&. The contents of this file should be a message indicating why logins are inhibited\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBNONEXISTENT\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If a system account intentionally does not have a home directory that exists, this string can be provided in the /etc/passwd entry for the account to indicate this\&. The result is that pwck will not emit a spurious warning for this account\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBOBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable additional checks upon password changes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPASS_ALWAYS_WARN\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Warn about weak passwords (but still allow them) if you are root\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPASS_CHANGE_TRIES\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Maximum number of attempts to change password if rejected (too easy)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The maximum number of days a password may be used\&. If the password is older than this, a password change will be forced\&. If not specified, \-1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The minimum number of days allowed between password changes\&. Any password changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected\&. If not specified, 0 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The number of days warning given before a password expires\&. A zero means warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means no warning is given\&. If not specified, no warning will be provided\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR,
+\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR
+and
+\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR
+are only used at the time of account creation\&. Any changes to these settings won\*(Aqt affect existing accounts\&.
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR (number), \fBPASS_MIN_LEN\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Number of significant characters in the password for crypt()\&.
+\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR
+is 8 by default\&. Don\*(Aqt change unless your crypt() is better\&. This is ignored if
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+set to
+\fIyes\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable checking of time restrictions specified in
+/etc/porttime\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable setting of resource limits from
+/etc/limits
+and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user\*(Aqs passwd gecos field\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+When
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+is set to
+\fISHA256\fR
+or
+\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&.
+.sp
+With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password\&. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users\&.
+.sp
+If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000), which is orders of magnitude too low for modern hardware\&.
+.sp
+The values must be inside the 1000\-999,999,999 range\&.
+.sp
+If only one of the
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+or
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
+values is set, then this value will be used\&.
+.sp
+If
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+>
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSULOG_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, all su activity is logged to this file\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSU_NAME\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, the command name to display when running "su \-"\&. For example, if this is defined as "su" then a "ps" will display the command is "\-su"\&. If not defined, then "ps" would display the name of the shell actually being run, e\&.g\&. something like "\-sh"\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSU_WHEEL_ONLY\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+If
+\fIyes\fR, the user must be listed as a member of the first gid 0 group in
+/etc/group
+(called
+\fIroot\fR
+on most Linux systems) to be able to
+\fBsu\fR
+to uid 0 accounts\&. If the group doesn\*(Aqt exist or is empty, no one will be able to
+\fBsu\fR
+to uid 0\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+If
+/etc/subuid
+exists, the commands
+\fBuseradd\fR
+and
+\fBnewusers\fR
+(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+unused group IDs from the range
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR
+to
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR
+for each new user\&.
+.sp
+The default values for
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+If
+/etc/subuid
+exists, the commands
+\fBuseradd\fR
+and
+\fBnewusers\fR
+(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+unused user IDs from the range
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR
+to
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR
+for each new user\&.
+.sp
+The default values for
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by
+\fBuseradd\fR,
+\fBgroupadd\fR, or
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+The default value for
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR
+(resp\&.
+\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&.
+\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by
+\fBuseradd\fR
+or
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+The default value for
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR
+(resp\&.
+\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&.
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-1)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable "syslog" logging of
+\fBsg\fR
+activity\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSYSLOG_SU_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable "syslog" logging of
+\fBsu\fR
+activity \- in addition to sulog file logging\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBTTYGROUP\fR (string), \fBTTYPERM\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the
+\fBTTYGROUP\fR
+group, and the permissions will be set to
+\fBTTYPERM\fR\&.
+.sp
+By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user\*(Aqs primary group and the permissions are set to
+\fI0600\fR\&.
+.sp
+\fBTTYGROUP\fR
+can be either the name of a group or a numeric group identifier\&.
+.sp
+If you have a
+\fBwrite\fR
+program which is "setgid" to a special group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the group number and TTYPERM to 0620\&. Otherwise leave TTYGROUP commented out and assign TTYPERM to either 622 or 600\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBTTYTYPE_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, file which maps tty line to TERM environment parameter\&. Each line of the file is in a format something like "vt100 tty01"\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBUID_MAX\fR (number), \fBUID_MIN\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by
+\fBuseradd\fR
+or
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+The default value for
+\fBUID_MIN\fR
+(resp\&.
+\fBUID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBULIMIT\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Default
+\fBulimit\fR
+value\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBUMASK\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value\&. If not specified, the mask will be initialized to 022\&.
+.sp
+\fBuseradd\fR
+and
+\fBnewusers\fR
+use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if
+\fBHOME_MODE\fR
+is not set\&.
+.sp
+It is also used by
+\fBlogin\fR
+to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if
+\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR
+is set) or by the specification of a limit with the
+\fIK\fR
+identifier in
+\fBlimits\fR(5)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBUSERDEL_CMD\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, this command is run when removing a user\&. It should remove any at/cron/print jobs etc\&. owned by the user to be removed (passed as the first argument)\&.
+.sp
+The return code of the script is not taken into account\&.
+.sp
+Here is an example script, which removes the user\*(Aqs cron, at and print jobs:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+#! /bin/sh
+
+# Check for the required argument\&.
+if [ $# != 1 ]; then
+	echo "Usage: $0 username"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# Remove cron jobs\&.
+crontab \-r \-u $1
+
+# Remove at jobs\&.
+# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID,
+# even if it was shared by a different username\&.
+AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs
+find $AT_SPOOL_DIR \-name "[^\&.]*" \-type f \-user $1 \-delete \e;
+
+# Remove print jobs\&.
+lprm $1
+
+# All done\&.
+exit 0
+      
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.sp
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits (examples: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) for non\-root users, if the uid is the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name\&.
+.sp
+If set to
+\fIyes\fR,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will create by default a group with the name of the user\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CROSS REFERENCES"
+.PP
+The following cross references show which programs in the shadow password suite use which parameters\&.
+.PP
+chfn
+.RS 4
+CHFN_AUTH
+CHFN_RESTRICT
+LOGIN_STRING
+.RE
+.PP
+chgpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+chpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+chsh
+.RS 4
+CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING
+.RE
+.PP
+gpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+groupadd
+.RS 4
+GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN
+.RE
+.PP
+groupdel
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+groupmems
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+groupmod
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpck
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpconv
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpunconv
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+lastlog
+.RS 4
+LASTLOG_UID_MAX
+.RE
+.PP
+login
+.RS 4
+CONSOLE
+CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
+ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE
+ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY
+FAILLOG_ENAB
+FAKE_SHELL
+FTMP_FILE
+HUSHLOGIN_FILE
+ISSUE_FILE
+KILLCHAR
+LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX
+LOGIN_RETRIES
+LOGIN_STRING
+LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB
+MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB
+TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE
+ULIMIT UMASK
+USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+newgrp / sg
+.RS 4
+SYSLOG_SG_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+newusers
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK
+.RE
+.PP
+passwd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+pwck
+.RS 4
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+.RE
+.PP
+pwconv
+.RS 4
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+.RE
+.PP
+su
+.RS 4
+CONSOLE
+CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
+ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE
+ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH
+ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB
+SULOG_FILE SU_NAME
+SU_WHEEL_ONLY
+SYSLOG_SU_ENAB
+USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+sulogin
+.RS 4
+ENV_HZ
+ENV_TZ
+.RE
+.PP
+useradd
+.RS 4
+CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK
+.RE
+.PP
+userdel
+.RS 4
+MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+usermod
+.RS 4
+LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBpam\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/man5/passwd.5 b/man/man5/passwd.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1171d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man5/passwd.5
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: passwd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "PASSWD" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+passwd \- the password file
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (\(lq:\(rq)\&. These fields are:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+login name
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+optional encrypted password
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numerical user ID
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numerical group ID
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+user name or comment field
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+user home directory
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+optional user command interpreter
+.RE
+.PP
+If the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field is a lower\-case
+\(lqx\(rq, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the
+\fBshadow\fR(5)
+file instead; there
+\fImust\fR
+be a corresponding line in the
+/etc/shadow
+file, or else the user account is invalid\&.
+.PP
+The encrypted
+\fIpassword\fR
+field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
+/etc/passwd
+file may decide not to permit
+\fIany\fR
+access at all if the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field is blank\&.
+.PP
+A
+\fIpassword\fR
+field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field before the password was locked\&.
+.PP
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.PP
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
+.PP
+The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system utilities, such as
+\fBfinger\fR(1)\&. The use of an ampersand here will be replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed by such system utilities\&.
+.PP
+The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory\&. The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program uses this information to set the value of the
+\fB$HOME\fR
+environmental variable\&.
+.PP
+The command interpreter field provides the name of the user\*(Aqs command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute\&. The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program uses this information to set the value of the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environmental variable\&. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value
+/bin/sh\&.
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+optional encrypted password file
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd\-
+.RS 4
+Backup file for /etc/passwd\&.
+.sp
+Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by all user and password management tools\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgetent\fR(1),
+\fBgetpwnam\fR(3),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBpwconv\fR(8),
+\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/man5/porttime.5 b/man/man5/porttime.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9f9e3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man5/porttime.5
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: porttime
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "PORTTIME" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+porttime \- port access time file
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+\fIporttime\fR
+contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted login times\&.
+.PP
+Each entry consists of three colon separated fields\&. The first field is a comma separated list of tty devices, or an asterisk to indicate that all tty devices are matched by this entry\&. The second field is a comma separated list of user names, or an asterisk to indicated that all user names are matched by this entry\&. The third field is a comma separated list of permitted access times\&.
+.PP
+Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, abbreviated
+\fISu\fR,
+\fIMo\fR,
+\fITu\fR,
+\fIWe\fR,
+\fITh\fR,
+\fIFr\fR, and
+\fISa\fR, followed by a pair of times separated by a hyphen\&. The abbreviation
+\fIWk\fR
+may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and
+\fIAl\fR
+may be used to indicate every day\&. If no days are given,
+\fIAl\fR
+is assumed\&.
+.SH "EXAMPLES"
+.PP
+The following entry allows access to user
+\fBjfh\fR
+on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm\&.
+.PP
+*:jfh:Wk0900\-1700
+.PP
+The following entries allow access only to the users
+\fIroot\fR
+and
+\fIoper\fR
+on
+/dev/console
+at any time\&. This illustrates how the
+/etc/porttime
+file is an ordered list of access times\&. Any other user would match the second entry which does not permit access at any time\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      console:root,oper:Al0000\-2400
+      console:*:
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+The following entry allows access for the user
+\fIgames\fR
+on any port during non\-working hours\&.
+.PP
+*:games:Wk1700\-0900,SaSu0000\-2400
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+File containing port access\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/man5/shadow.5 b/man/man5/shadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ab04b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man5/shadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: shadow
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "SHADOW" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+shadow \- shadowed password file
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+shadow
+is a file which contains the password information for the system\*(Aqs accounts and optional aging information\&.
+.PP
+This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to be maintained\&.
+.PP
+Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (\(lq:\(rq), in the following order:
+.PP
+\fBlogin name\fR
+.RS 4
+It must be a valid account name, which exist on the system\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBencrypted password\fR
+.RS 4
+This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
+/etc/shadow
+file may decide not to permit any access at all if the password field is empty\&.
+.sp
+A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&.
+.sp
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.sp
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBdate of last password change\fR
+.RS 4
+The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&.
+.sp
+The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her password the next time she will log in the system\&.
+.sp
+An empty field means that password aging features are disabled\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBminimum password age\fR
+.RS 4
+The minimum password age is the number of days the user will have to wait before she will be allowed to change her password again\&.
+.sp
+An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBmaximum password age\fR
+.RS 4
+The maximum password age is the number of days after which the user will have to change her password\&.
+.sp
+After this number of days is elapsed, the password may still be valid\&. The user should be asked to change her password the next time she will log in\&.
+.sp
+An empty field means that there are no maximum password age, no password warning period, and no password inactivity period (see below)\&.
+.sp
+If the maximum password age is lower than the minimum password age, the user cannot change her password\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBpassword warning period\fR
+.RS 4
+The number of days before a password is going to expire (see the maximum password age above) during which the user should be warned\&.
+.sp
+An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no password warning period\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBpassword inactivity period\fR
+.RS 4
+The number of days after a password has expired (see the maximum password age above) during which the password should still be accepted (and the user should update her password during the next login)\&.
+.sp
+After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no login is possible for the user\&. The user should contact her administrator\&.
+.sp
+An empty field means that there are no enforcement of an inactivity period\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBaccount expiration date\fR
+.RS 4
+The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&.
+.sp
+Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration\&. In case of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login\&. In case of a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password\&.
+.sp
+An empty field means that the account will never expire\&.
+.sp
+The value 0 should not be used as it is interpreted as either an account with no expiration, or as an expiration on Jan 1, 1970\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBreserved field\fR
+.RS 4
+This field is reserved for future use\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-
+.RS 4
+Backup file for /etc/shadow\&.
+.sp
+Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by all user and password management tools\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBchage\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBpwconv\fR(8),
+\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/man5/suauth.5 b/man/man5/suauth.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c7729c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man5/suauth.5
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: suauth
+.\"    Author: Marek Michałkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "SUAUTH" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+suauth \- detailed su control file
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fB/etc/suauth\fR\ 'u
+\fB/etc/suauth\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The file
+/etc/suauth
+is referenced whenever the su command is called\&. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      1) the user su is targeting
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+2) the user executing the su command (or any groups he might be a member of)
+.PP
+The file is formatted like this, with lines starting with a # being treated as comment lines and ignored;
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      to\-id:from\-id:ACTION
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Where to\-id is either the word
+\fIALL\fR, a list of usernames delimited by "," or the words
+\fIALL EXCEPT\fR
+followed by a list of usernames delimited by ","\&.
+.PP
+from\-id is formatted the same as to\-id except the extra word
+\fIGROUP\fR
+is recognized\&.
+\fIALL EXCEPT GROUP\fR
+is perfectly valid too\&. Following
+\fIGROUP\fR
+appears one or more group names, delimited by ","\&. It is not sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in
+\fB/etc/group\fR(5)
+is necessary\&.
+.PP
+Action can be one only of the following currently supported options\&.
+.PP
+\fIDENY\fR
+.RS 4
+The attempt to su is stopped before a password is even asked for\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fINOPASS\fR
+.RS 4
+The attempt to su is automatically successful; no password is asked for\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIOWNPASS\fR
+.RS 4
+For the su command to be successful, the user must enter his or her own password\&. They are told this\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Note there are three separate fields delimited by a colon\&. No whitespace must surround this colon\&. Also note that the file is examined sequentially line by line, and the first applicable rule is used without examining the file further\&. This makes it possible for a system administrator to exercise as fine control as he or she wishes\&.
+.SH "EXAMPLE"
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      # sample /etc/suauth file
+      #
+      # A couple of privileged usernames may
+      # su to root with their own password\&.
+      #
+      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS
+      #
+      # Anyone else may not su to root unless in
+      # group wheel\&. This is how BSD does things\&.
+      #
+      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY
+      #
+      # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts
+      # owned by the same person\&.
+      # Access can be arranged between them
+      # with no password\&.
+      #
+      terry:birddog:NOPASS
+      birddog:terry:NOPASS
+      #
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/suauth
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.SH "BUGS"
+.PP
+There could be plenty lurking\&. The file parser is particularly unforgiving about syntax errors, expecting no spurious whitespace (apart from beginning and end of lines), and a specific token delimiting different things\&.
+.SH "DIAGNOSTICS"
+.PP
+An error parsing the file is reported using
+\fBsyslogd\fR(8)
+as level ERR on facility AUTH\&.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBsu\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/man5/subgid.5 b/man/man5/subgid.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73b8617
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man5/subgid.5
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: subgid
+.\"    Author: Eric Biederman
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "SUBGID" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+subgid \- the configuration for subordinate group ids
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+Subgid authorizes a group id to map ranges of group ids from its namespace into child namespaces\&.
+.PP
+The delegation of the subordinate gids can be configured via the
+\fIsubid\fR
+field in
+/etc/nsswitch\&.conf
+file\&. Only one value can be set as the delegation source\&. Setting this field to
+\fIfiles\fR
+configures the delegation of gids to
+/etc/subgid\&. Setting any other value treats the delegation as a plugin following with a name of the form
+\fIlibsubid_$value\&.so\fR\&. If the value or plugin is missing, then the subordinate gid delegation falls back to
+\fIfiles\fR\&.
+.PP
+Note, that
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+will only create entries in
+/etc/subgid
+if subid delegation is managed via subid files\&.
+.SH "LOCAL SUBORDINATE DELEGATION"
+.PP
+Each line in
+/etc/subgid
+contains a user name and a range of subordinate group ids that user is allowed to use\&. This is specified with three fields delimited by colons (\(lq:\(rq)\&. These fields are:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+login name or UID
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numerical subordinate group ID
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numerical subordinate group ID count
+.RE
+.PP
+This file specifies the group IDs that ordinary users can use, with the
+\fBnewgidmap\fR
+command, to configure gid mapping in a user namespace\&.
+.PP
+Multiple ranges may be specified per user\&.
+.PP
+When large number of entries (10000\-100000 or more) are defined in
+/etc/subgid, parsing performance penalty will become noticeable\&. In this case it is recommended to use UIDs instead of login names\&. Benchmarks have shown speed\-ups up to 20x\&.
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid\-
+.RS 4
+Backup file for /etc/subgid\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewgidmap\fR(1),
+\fBnewuidmap\fR(1),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8),
+\fBuser_namespaces\fR(7)\&.
diff --git a/man/man5/subuid.5 b/man/man5/subuid.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..655fbb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man5/subuid.5
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: subuid
+.\"    Author: Eric Biederman
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "SUBUID" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+subuid \- the configuration for subordinate user ids
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+Subuid authorizes a user id to map ranges of user ids from its namespace into child namespaces\&.
+.PP
+The delegation of the subordinate uids can be configured via the
+\fIsubid\fR
+field in
+/etc/nsswitch\&.conf
+file\&. Only one value can be set as the delegation source\&. Setting this field to
+\fIfiles\fR
+configures the delegation of uids to
+/etc/subuid\&. Setting any other value treats the delegation as a plugin following with a name of the form
+\fIlibsubid_$value\&.so\fR\&. If the value or plugin is missing, then the subordinate uid delegation falls back to
+\fIfiles\fR\&.
+.PP
+Note, that
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will only create entries in
+/etc/subuid
+if subid delegation is managed via subid files\&.
+.SH "LOCAL SUBORDINATE DELEGATION"
+.PP
+Each line in
+/etc/subuid
+contains a user name and a range of subordinate user ids that user is allowed to use\&. This is specified with three fields delimited by colons (\(lq:\(rq)\&. These fields are:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+login name or UID
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numerical subordinate user ID
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numerical subordinate user ID count
+.RE
+.PP
+This file specifies the user IDs that ordinary users can use, with the
+\fBnewuidmap\fR
+command, to configure uid mapping in a user namespace\&.
+.PP
+Multiple ranges may be specified per user\&.
+.PP
+When large number of entries (10000\-100000 or more) are defined in
+/etc/subuid, parsing performance penalty will become noticeable\&. In this case it is recommended to use UIDs instead of login names\&. Benchmarks have shown speed\-ups up to 20x\&.
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid\-
+.RS 4
+Backup file for /etc/subuid\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewgidmap\fR(1),
+\fBnewuidmap\fR(1),
+\fBnewusers\fR(1),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8),
+\fBuser_namespaces\fR(7)\&.
diff --git a/man/man8/chgpasswd.8 b/man/man8/chgpasswd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67c1325
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/chgpasswd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chgpasswd
+.\"    Author: Thomas Kłoczko <kloczek@pld.org.pl>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: System Management Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "CHGPASSWD" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "System Management Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+chgpasswd \- update group passwords in batch mode
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBchgpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBchgpasswd\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchgpasswd\fR
+command reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups\&. Each line is of the format:
+.PP
+\fIgroup_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR
+.PP
+By default the supplied password must be in clear\-text, and is encrypted by
+\fBchgpasswd\fR\&.
+.PP
+The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+variable of
+/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the
+\fB\-e\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-c\fR
+options\&.
+.PP
+This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many accounts are created at a single time\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchgpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
+.RS 4
+Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords\&.
+.sp
+The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc support these methods\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
+.RS 4
+Supplied passwords are in encrypted form\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
+.RS 4
+Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are not encrypted\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
+.RS 4
+Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords\&.
+.sp
+The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number of rounds for the crypt method (5000)\&.
+.sp
+A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced\&.
+.sp
+You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt method\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of unencrypted files by other users\&.
+.PP
+You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect the system\*(Aqs password policy\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)\&.
+.sp
+It can take one of these values:
+\fIDES\fR
+(default),
+\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. MD5 and DES should not be used for new hashes, see
+crypt(5)
+for recommendations\&.
+.sp
+Note: this parameter overrides the
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variable\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
+/etc/group
+(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&.
+.sp
+The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&.
+.sp
+This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&.
+.sp
+If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&.
+.sp
+Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to
+\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to
+\fIno\fR
+if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is
+\fIno\fR\&.
+.sp
+This variable is superseded by the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&.
+.sp
+This variable is deprecated\&. You should use
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+When
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+is set to
+\fISHA256\fR
+or
+\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&.
+.sp
+With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password\&. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users\&.
+.sp
+If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000), which is orders of magnitude too low for modern hardware\&.
+.sp
+The values must be inside the 1000\-999,999,999 range\&.
+.sp
+If only one of the
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+or
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
+values is set, then this value will be used\&.
+.sp
+If
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+>
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/man8/chpasswd.8 b/man/man8/chpasswd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67b4156
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/chpasswd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chpasswd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: System Management Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "CHPASSWD" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "System Management Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+chpasswd \- update passwords in batch mode
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBchpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBchpasswd\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users\&. Each line is of the format:
+.PP
+\fIuser_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR
+.PP
+By default the passwords must be supplied in clear\-text, and are encrypted by
+\fBchpasswd\fR\&. Also the password age will be updated, if present\&.
+.PP
+The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+or
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variables of
+/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the
+\fB\-e\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-c\fR
+options\&.
+.PP
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user\&.
+.PP
+This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many accounts are created at a single time\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR\ \&\fIMETHOD\fR
+.RS 4
+Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords\&.
+.sp
+The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc support these methods\&.
+.sp
+By default (if none of the
+\fB\-c\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-e\fR
+options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+or
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variables of
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
+.RS 4
+Supplied passwords are in encrypted form\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
+.RS 4
+Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are not encrypted\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR\ \&\fIROUNDS\fR
+.RS 4
+Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords\&.
+.sp
+The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number of rounds for the crypt method (5000)\&.
+.sp
+A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced\&.
+.sp
+You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt method\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+and
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
+variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of unencrypted files by other users\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)\&.
+.sp
+It can take one of these values:
+\fIDES\fR
+(default),
+\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. MD5 and DES should not be used for new hashes, see
+crypt(5)
+for recommendations\&.
+.sp
+Note: this parameter overrides the
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variable\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to
+\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to
+\fIno\fR
+if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is
+\fIno\fR\&.
+.sp
+This variable is superseded by the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&.
+.sp
+This variable is deprecated\&. You should use
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+When
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+is set to
+\fISHA256\fR
+or
+\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&.
+.sp
+With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password\&. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users\&.
+.sp
+If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000), which is orders of magnitude too low for modern hardware\&.
+.sp
+The values must be inside the 1000\-999,999,999 range\&.
+.sp
+If only one of the
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+or
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
+values is set, then this value will be used\&.
+.sp
+If
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+>
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/man8/faillog.8 b/man/man8/faillog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd2285c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/faillog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: System Management Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "FAILLOG" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "System Management Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+faillog \- display faillog records or set login failure limits
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBfaillog\fR\ 'u
+\fBfaillog\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+displays the contents of the failure log database (/var/log/faillog)\&. It can also set the failure counters and limits\&. When
+\fBfaillog\fR
+is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBfaillog\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+.RS 4
+Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the
+faillog
+database\&.
+.sp
+The range of users can be restricted with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&.
+.sp
+In display mode, this is still restricted to existing users but forces the display of the faillog entries even if they are empty\&.
+.sp
+With the
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR,
+\fB\-r\fR,
+\fB\-t\fR
+options, the users\*(Aq records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the system\&. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of users\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\-secs\fR\ \&\fISEC\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock account for
+\fISEC\fR
+seconds after failed login\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-maximum\fR\ \&\fIMAX\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to
+\fIMAX\fR\&.
+.sp
+Selecting a
+\fIMAX\fR
+value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed logins\&.
+.sp
+The maximum failure count should always be 0 for
+\fIroot\fR
+to prevent a denial of services attack against the system\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reset\fR
+.RS 4
+Reset the counters of login failures\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Display faillog records more recent than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR
+.RS 4
+Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used with
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR
+or
+\fB\-r\fR
+options) only for the specified user(s)\&.
+.sp
+The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users\&. This
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+When none of the
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-r\fR
+options are used,
+\fBfaillog\fR
+displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)\&.
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+only prints out users with no successful login since the last failure\&. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+flag, or print out all users with the
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag\&.
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+Failure logging file\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBfaillog\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/man8/groupadd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af8afcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/groupadd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupadd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: System Management Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPADD" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "System Management Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+groupadd \- create a new group
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupadd\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupadd\fR [\fIOPTIONS\fR] \fINEWGROUP\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the groupname\&. Fully numeric groupnames and groupnames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists\&. When used with
+\fB\-g\fR, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i\&.e\&.
+\fB\-g\fR
+is turned off)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+The numerical value of the group\*(Aqs ID\&.
+\fIGID\fR
+must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to
+\fBGID_MIN\fR
+and greater than every other group\&.
+.sp
+See also the
+\fB\-r\fR
+option and the
+\fBGID_MAX\fR
+description\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR
+.RS 4
+Overrides
+/etc/login\&.defs
+defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others)\&. Multiple
+\fB\-K\fR
+options can be specified\&.
+.sp
+Example:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \&
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+.sp
+Note:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+doesn\*(Aqt work yet\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID\&. As a result, for this
+\fIGID\fR, the mapping towards group
+\fINEWGROUP\fR
+may not be unique\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines an initial password for the group account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths system account file
+/etc/group
+or
+/etc/gshadow\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+You should make sure the password respects the system\*(Aqs password policy\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Create a system group\&.
+.sp
+The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBGID_MIN\fR\-\fBGID_MAX\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by
+\fBuseradd\fR,
+\fBgroupadd\fR, or
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+The default value for
+\fBGID_MIN\fR
+(resp\&.
+\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
+/etc/group
+(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&.
+.sp
+The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&.
+.sp
+This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&.
+.sp
+If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&.
+.sp
+Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by
+\fBuseradd\fR,
+\fBgroupadd\fR, or
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+The default value for
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR
+(resp\&.
+\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&.
+\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+You may not add a NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&.
+.PP
+If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP,
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+will deny the group creation request\&.
+.SH "EXIT VALUES"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+GID is already used (when called without
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+group name is already used
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/man8/groupdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9d5176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/groupdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: System Management Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPDEL" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "System Management Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+groupdel \- delete a group
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupdel\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fIGROUP\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to
+\fIGROUP\fR\&. The named group must exist\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the group, even if there\*(Aqs some user having the group as the primary one\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+You may not remove the primary group of any existing user\&. You must remove the user before you remove the group\&.
+.PP
+You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain owned by this group\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
+/etc/group
+(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&.
+.sp
+The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&.
+.sp
+This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&.
+.sp
+If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&.
+.sp
+Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account information\&.
+.RE
+.SH "EXIT VALUES"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove user\*(Aqs primary group
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/man8/groupmems.8 b/man/man8/groupmems.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..febe008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/groupmems.8
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmems
+.\"    Author: George Kraft, IV
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: System Management Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPMEMS" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "System Management Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+groupmems \- administer members of a user\*(Aqs primary group
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmems\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmems\fR \-a\ \fIuser_name\fR | \-d\ \fIuser_name\fR | [\-g\ \fIgroup_name\fR] | \-l | \-p 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+command allows a user to administer their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges\&. The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i\&.e\&., guest / guest)\&.
+.PP
+Only the superuser, as administrator, can use
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+to alter the memberships of other groups\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a user to the group membership list\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Delete a user from the group membership list\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, the user will be removed from the list of members and administrators of the group\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR\ \&\fIgroup_name\fR
+.RS 4
+The superuser can specify which group membership list to modify\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+List the group membership list\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-purge\fR
+.RS 4
+Purge all users from the group membership list\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SETUP"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+executable should be in mode
+2710
+as user
+\fIroot\fR
+and in group
+\fIgroups\fR\&. The system administrator can add users to group
+\fIgroups\fR
+to allow or disallow them using the
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+utility to manage their own group membership list\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+	$ groupadd \-r groups
+	$ chmod 2710 groupmems
+	$ chown root\&.groups groupmems
+	$ groupmems \-g groups \-a gk4
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
+/etc/group
+(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&.
+.sp
+The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&.
+.sp
+This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&.
+.sp
+If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&.
+.sp
+Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+secure group account information
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/man8/groupmod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..371e6b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/groupmod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: System Management Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPMOD" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "System Management Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+groupmod \- modify a group definition on the system
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmod\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmod\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fIGROUP\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command modifies the definition of the specified
+\fIGROUP\fR
+by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+If group members are specified with \-U, append them to the existing member list, rather than replacing it\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+The group ID of the given
+\fIGROUP\fR
+will be changed to
+\fIGID\fR\&.
+.sp
+The value of
+\fIGID\fR
+must be a non\-negative decimal integer\&. This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&.
+.sp
+Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to keep the group as their primary group\&.
+.sp
+Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to
+\fIGROUP\fR, must have their group ID changed manually\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to the
+\fBGID_MIN\fR,
+\fBGID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR, or
+\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-new\-name\fR\ \&\fINEW_GROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the group will be changed from
+\fIGROUP\fR
+to
+\fINEW_GROUP\fR
+name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+When used with the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option, allow to change the group
+\fIGID\fR
+to a non\-unique value\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+The encrypted password, as returned by
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+You should make sure the password respects the system\*(Aqs password policy\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
+/etc/group
+(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&.
+.sp
+The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&.
+.sp
+This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&.
+.sp
+If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&.
+.sp
+Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.SH "EXIT VALUES"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+E_SUCCESS: success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+E_USAGE: invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GRP_UPDATE: can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI11\fR
+.RS 4
+E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can\*(Aqt setup cleanup service
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_USERNAME: can\*(Aqt determine your username for use with pam
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI13\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/man8/grpck.8 b/man/man8/grpck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22a372d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/grpck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: grpck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: System Management Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "GRPCK" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "System Management Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+grpck \- verify integrity of group files
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgrpck\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpck\fR [options] [\fIgroup\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command verifies the integrity of the groups information\&. It checks that all entries in
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&.
+.PP
+Checks are made to verify that each entry has:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+the correct number of fields
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a unique and valid group name
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid group identifier
+(/etc/group only)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid list of members
+and administrators
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a corresponding entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file (respectively
+/etc/group
+for the
+gshadow
+checks)
+.RE
+.PP
+The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal\&. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command to correct the error\&.
+.PP
+The commands which operate on the
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow files
+are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&.
+\fBgrpck\fR
+should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR
+and
+\fB\-s\fR
+options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Execute the
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command in read\-only mode\&. This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered
+\fIno\fR
+without user intervention\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Sort entries in
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+by GID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-silence\-warnings\fR
+.RS 4
+Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about inconsistency between group members listed in
+/etc/group
+and
+/etc/ghadow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+By default,
+\fBgrpck\fR
+operates on
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the
+\fIgroup\fR
+and \fIshadow\fR parameters\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
+/etc/group
+(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&.
+.sp
+The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&.
+.sp
+This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&.
+.sp
+If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&.
+.sp
+Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.SH "EXIT VALUES"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+one or more bad group entries
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt open group files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt lock group files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group files
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/man8/grpconv.8 b/man/man8/grpconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/grpconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/man8/grpunconv.8 b/man/man8/grpunconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/grpunconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/man8/lastlog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee7adca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/lastlog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: lastlog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: System Management Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "LASTLOG" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "System Management Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+lastlog \- reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBlastlog\fR\ 'u
+\fBlastlog\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+\fBlastlog\fR
+formats and prints the contents of the last login log
+/var/log/lastlog
+file\&. The
+\fIlogin\-name\fR,
+\fIport\fR, and
+\fIlast login time\fR
+will be printed\&. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in
+/etc/passwd\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBlastlog\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-before\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Print only lastlog records older than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-clear\fR
+.RS 4
+Clear lastlog record of a user\&. This option can be used only together with
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-set\fR
+.RS 4
+Set lastlog record of a user to the current time\&. This option can be used only together with
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Print the lastlog records more recent than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR
+.RS 4
+Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s)\&.
+.sp
+The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users\&. This
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If the user has never logged in the message
+\fI** Never logged in**\fR
+will be displayed instead of the port and time\&.
+.PP
+Only the entries for the current users of the system will be displayed\&. Other entries may exist for users that were deleted previously\&.
+.SH "NOTE"
+.PP
+The
+lastlog
+file is a database which contains info on the last login of each user\&. You should not rotate it\&. It is a sparse file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by "\fBls \-l\fR" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in
+passwd
+users with a high UID)\&. You can display its real size with "\fBls \-s\fR"\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&.
+.sp
+No
+\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR
+option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/var/log/lastlog
+.RS 4
+Database times of previous user logins\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+Large gaps in UID numbers will cause the lastlog program to run longer with no output to the screen (i\&.e\&. if in lastlog database there is no entries for users with UID between 170 and 800 lastlog will appear to hang as it processes entries with UIDs 171\-799)\&.
+.PP
+Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the
+<term> /var/log/lastlog</term>
+with external tools\&. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by default and may require a specific option to handle them\&.
diff --git a/man/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/man8/logoutd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..115fe28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/logoutd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: logoutd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: System Management Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "LOGOUTD" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "System Management Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+logoutd \- enforce login time restrictions
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBlogoutd\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in
+/etc/porttime\&.
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+should be started from
+/etc/rc\&. The
+/var/run/utmp
+file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time\&. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in
+/etc/porttime
+is terminated\&.
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+File containing port access\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/var/run/utmp
+.RS 4
+List of current login sessions\&.
+.RE
diff --git a/man/man8/newusers.8 b/man/man8/newusers.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58c05d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/newusers.8
@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newusers
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: System Management Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "NEWUSERS" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "System Management Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+newusers \- update and create new users in batch
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBnewusers\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewusers\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fIfile\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewusers\fR
+command reads a
+\fIfile\fR
+(or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users\&. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)) with the exceptions explained below:
+.PP
+pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell
+.PP
+\fIpw_name\fR
+.RS 4
+This is the name of the user\&.
+.sp
+It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR)\&. In case of an existing user, the user\*(Aqs information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_passwd\fR
+.RS 4
+This field will be encrypted and used as the new value of the encrypted password\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_uid\fR
+.RS 4
+This field is used to define the UID of the user\&.
+.sp
+If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains a number, this number will be used as the UID\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), the UID of the specified user will be used\&.
+.sp
+If the UID of an existing user is changed, the files ownership of the user\*(Aqs file should be fixed manually\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_gid\fR
+.RS 4
+This field is used to define the primary group ID for the user\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user\&.
+.sp
+If this field is a number, this number will be used as the primary group ID of the user\&. If no groups exist with this GID, a new group will be created with this GID, and the name of the user\&.
+.sp
+If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by
+\fBnewusers\fR
+to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by
+\fBnewusers\fR
+to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_gecos\fR
+.RS 4
+This field is copied in the GECOS field of the user\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_dir\fR
+.RS 4
+This field is used to define the home directory of the user\&.
+.sp
+If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or updated and its primary group\&. Note that
+\fInewusers does not create parent directories \fR
+of the new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr informing the user of the failure\&. The newusers command will not halt or return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified\&.
+.sp
+If the home directory of an existing user is changed,
+\fBnewusers\fR
+does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location\&. This should be done manually\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_shell\fR
+.RS 4
+This field defines the shell of the user\&. No checks are performed on this field\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBnewusers\fR
+first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases\&. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases\&.
+.PP
+This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many accounts are updated at a single time\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBnewusers\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
+.RS 4
+Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords\&.
+.sp
+The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc support these methods\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Create a system account\&.
+.sp
+System users will be created with no aging information in
+/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
+(and their
+\fBGID\fR
+counterparts for the creation of groups)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
+.RS 4
+Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords\&.
+.sp
+The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number of rounds for the crypt method (5000)\&.
+.sp
+A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced\&.
+.sp
+You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt method\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+The input file must be protected since it contains unencrypted passwords\&.
+.PP
+You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect the system\*(Aqs password policy\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)\&.
+.sp
+It can take one of these values:
+\fIDES\fR
+(default),
+\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. MD5 and DES should not be used for new hashes, see
+crypt(5)
+for recommendations\&.
+.sp
+Note: this parameter overrides the
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variable\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by
+\fBuseradd\fR,
+\fBgroupadd\fR, or
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+The default value for
+\fBGID_MIN\fR
+(resp\&.
+\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBHOME_MODE\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The mode for new home directories\&. If not specified, the
+\fBUMASK\fR
+is used to create the mode\&.
+.sp
+\fBuseradd\fR
+and
+\fBnewusers\fR
+use this to set the mode of the home directory they create\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
+/etc/group
+(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&.
+.sp
+The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&.
+.sp
+This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&.
+.sp
+If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&.
+.sp
+Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to
+\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to
+\fIno\fR
+if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is
+\fIno\fR\&.
+.sp
+This variable is superseded by the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&.
+.sp
+This variable is deprecated\&. You should use
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The maximum number of days a password may be used\&. If the password is older than this, a password change will be forced\&. If not specified, \-1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The minimum number of days allowed between password changes\&. Any password changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected\&. If not specified, 0 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The number of days warning given before a password expires\&. A zero means warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means no warning is given\&. If not specified, no warning will be provided\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+When
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+is set to
+\fISHA256\fR
+or
+\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&.
+.sp
+With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password\&. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users\&.
+.sp
+If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000), which is orders of magnitude too low for modern hardware\&.
+.sp
+The values must be inside the 1000\-999,999,999 range\&.
+.sp
+If only one of the
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+or
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
+values is set, then this value will be used\&.
+.sp
+If
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+>
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+If
+/etc/subuid
+exists, the commands
+\fBuseradd\fR
+and
+\fBnewusers\fR
+(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+unused group IDs from the range
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR
+to
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR
+for each new user\&.
+.sp
+The default values for
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+If
+/etc/subuid
+exists, the commands
+\fBuseradd\fR
+and
+\fBnewusers\fR
+(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+unused user IDs from the range
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR
+to
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR
+for each new user\&.
+.sp
+The default values for
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by
+\fBuseradd\fR,
+\fBgroupadd\fR, or
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+The default value for
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR
+(resp\&.
+\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&.
+\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by
+\fBuseradd\fR
+or
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+The default value for
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR
+(resp\&.
+\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&.
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-1)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBUID_MAX\fR (number), \fBUID_MIN\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by
+\fBuseradd\fR
+or
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+The default value for
+\fBUID_MIN\fR
+(resp\&.
+\fBUID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBUMASK\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value\&. If not specified, the mask will be initialized to 022\&.
+.sp
+\fBuseradd\fR
+and
+\fBnewusers\fR
+use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if
+\fBHOME_MODE\fR
+is not set\&.
+.sp
+It is also used by
+\fBlogin\fR
+to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if
+\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR
+is set) or by the specification of a limit with the
+\fIK\fR
+identifier in
+\fBlimits\fR(5)\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/man8/nologin.8 b/man/man8/nologin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc1c114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/nologin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: nologin
+.\"    Author: Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: System Management Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "NOLOGIN" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "System Management Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+nologin \- politely refuse a login
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBnologin\fR\ 'u
+\fBnologin\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnologin\fR
+command displays a message that an account is not available and exits non\-zero\&. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled\&.
+.PP
+To disable all logins, investigate
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBSSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND\fR
+is populated it will be logged\&.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.SH "HISTORY"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnologin\fR
+command appeared in BSD 4\&.4\&.
diff --git a/man/man8/pwck.8 b/man/man8/pwck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..834cc83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/pwck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: pwck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: System Management Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "PWCK" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "System Management Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+pwck \- verify the integrity of password files
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBpwck\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwck\fR [options] [\fIPASSWORDFILE\fR\ [\ \fISHADOWFILE\fR\ ]]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwck\fR
+command verifies the integrity of the users and authentication information\&. It checks that all entries in
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow
+have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&.
+.PP
+Checks are made to verify that each entry has:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+the correct number of fields
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a unique and valid user name
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid user and group identifier
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid primary group
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid home directory
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid login shell
+.RE
+.PP
+Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file parameter
+\fISHADOWFILE\fR
+is specified or when
+/etc/shadow
+exists on the system\&.
+.PP
+These checks are the following:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+every passwd entry has a matching shadow entry, and every shadow entry has a matching passwd entry
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+passwords are specified in the shadowed file
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+shadow entries have the correct number of fields
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+shadow entries are unique in shadow
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+the last password changes are not in the future
+.RE
+.PP
+The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal\&. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the
+\fBusermod\fR
+command to correct the error\&.
+.PP
+The commands which operate on the
+/etc/passwd
+file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&.
+\fBpwck\fR
+should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR
+and
+\fB\-s\fR
+options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpwck\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Report errors only\&. The warnings which do not require any action from the user won\*(Aqt be displayed\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Execute the
+\fBpwck\fR
+command in read\-only mode\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Sort entries in
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow
+by UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+By default,
+\fBpwck\fR
+operates on the files
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and
+\fIshadow\fR
+parameters\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBNONEXISTENT\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If a system account intentionally does not have a home directory that exists, this string can be provided in the /etc/passwd entry for the account to indicate this\&. The result is that pwck will not emit a spurious warning for this account\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The maximum number of days a password may be used\&. If the password is older than this, a password change will be forced\&. If not specified, \-1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The minimum number of days allowed between password changes\&. Any password changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected\&. If not specified, 0 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The number of days warning given before a password expires\&. A zero means warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means no warning is given\&. If not specified, no warning will be provided\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information\&.
+.RE
+.SH "EXIT VALUES"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwck\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+one or more bad password entries
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt open password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt lock password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt sort password files
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/man8/pwconv.8 b/man/man8/pwconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..147f21f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/pwconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: pwconv
+.\"    Author: Marek Michałkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: System Management Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "PWCONV" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "System Management Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv \- convert to and from shadow passwords and groups
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBpwconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBpwunconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwunconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBgrpconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBgrpunconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpunconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIshadow\fR
+from
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and an optionally existing
+\fIshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwunconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIpasswd\fR
+from
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and
+\fIshadow\fR
+and then removes
+\fIshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIgshadow\fR
+from
+\fIgroup\fR
+and an optionally existing
+\fIgshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIgroup\fR
+from
+\fIgroup\fR
+and
+\fIgshadow\fR
+and then removes
+\fIgshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files:
+/etc/passwd,
+/etc/group,
+/etc/shadow, and
+/etc/gshadow\&.
+.PP
+Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion\&.
+\fBpwconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+are similar\&. First, entries in the shadowed file which don\*(Aqt exist in the main file are removed\&. Then, shadowed entries which don\*(Aqt have `x\*(Aq as the password in the main file are updated\&. Any missing shadowed entries are added\&. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x\*(Aq\&. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand\&.
+.PP
+\fBpwconv\fR
+will use the values of
+\fIPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR,
+\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, and
+\fIPASS_WARN_AGE\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs
+when adding new entries to
+/etc/shadow\&.
+.PP
+Likewise
+\fBpwunconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+are similar\&. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file\&. Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone\&. Finally, the shadowed file is removed\&. Some password aging information is lost by
+\fBpwunconv\fR\&. It will convert what it can\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpwconv\fR,
+\fBpwunconv\fR,
+\fBgrpconv\fR, and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+commands are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.SH "BUGS"
+.PP
+Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways\&. Please run
+\fBpwck\fR
+and
+\fBgrpck\fR
+to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+changes the behavior of
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR:
+.PP
+\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
+/etc/group
+(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&.
+.sp
+The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&.
+.sp
+This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&.
+.sp
+If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&.
+.sp
+Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of
+\fBpwconv\fR:
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The maximum number of days a password may be used\&. If the password is older than this, a password change will be forced\&. If not specified, \-1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The minimum number of days allowed between password changes\&. Any password changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected\&. If not specified, 0 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The number of days warning given before a password expires\&. A zero means warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means no warning is given\&. If not specified, no warning will be provided\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/man8/pwunconv.8 b/man/man8/pwunconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/pwunconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/man8/sulogin.8 b/man/man8/sulogin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f33405d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/sulogin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: sulogin
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: System Management Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "SULOGIN" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "System Management Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+sulogin \- Single\-user login
+.SH "SYNTAX"
+.PP
+\fBsulogin\fR
+[\fItty\-device\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsulogin\fR
+command is invoked by
+\fBinit\fR
+prior to allowing the user access to the system when in single user mode\&. This feature may only be available on certain systems where
+\fBinit\fR
+has been modified accordingly, or where the
+/etc/inittab
+has an entry for a single user login\&.
+.PP
+The user is prompted
+.PP
+Type control\-d to proceed with normal startup,
+(or give root password for system maintenance):
+.PP
+Input and output will be performed with the standard file descriptors unless the optional device name argument is provided\&.
+.PP
+If the user enters the correct root password, a login session is initiated\&. When
+\fIEOF\fR
+is pressed instead, the system enters multi\-user mode\&.
+.PP
+After the user exits the single\-user shell, or presses
+\fIEOF\fR, the system begins the initialization process required to enter multi\-user mode\&.
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+This command can only be used if
+\fBinit\fR
+has been modified to call
+\fBsulogin\fR
+instead of
+/bin/sh, or if the user has set the
+\fIinittab\fR
+to support a single user login\&. For example, the line:
+.PP
+co:s:respawn:/etc/sulogin /dev/console
+.PP
+should execute the sulogin command in single user mode\&.
+.PP
+As complete an environment as possible is created\&. However, various devices may be unmounted or uninitialized and many of the user commands may be unavailable or nonfunctional as a result\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBENV_HZ\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by
+\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is
+\fIHZ=100\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBENV_TZ\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by
+\fITZ=\fR
+(for example
+\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example
+/etc/tzname)\&.
+.sp
+If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use
+\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1),
+\fBinit\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/man8/useradd.8 b/man/man8/useradd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6530b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/useradd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,827 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: useradd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: System Management Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "USERADD" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "System Management Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+useradd \- create a new user or update default new user information
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR \-D
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR \-D [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+When invoked without the
+\fB\-D\fR
+option, the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. Depending on command line options, the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command will update system files and may also create the new user\*(Aqs home directory and copy initial files\&.
+.PP
+By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR,
+\fB\-U\fR, and
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR)\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The default base directory for the system if
+\fB\-d\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+is not specified\&.
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the base directory specified by the
+\fBHOME\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or
+/home
+by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR
+.RS 4
+Any text string\&. It is generally a short description of the account, and is currently used as the field for the user\*(Aqs full name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\-dir\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The new user will be created using
+\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+as the value for the user\*(Aqs login directory\&. The default is to append the
+\fILOGIN\fR
+name to
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+and use that as the login directory name\&. If the directory
+\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+does not exist, then it will be created unless the
+\fB\-M\fR
+option is specified\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-defaults\fR
+.RS 4
+See below, the subsection "Changing the default values"\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format
+\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&.
+.sp
+If not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the default expiry date specified by the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string (no expiry) by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. The value is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&.
+.sp
+If not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the default inactivity period specified by the
+\fBINACTIVE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or \-1 by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subids\-for\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Update
+/etc/subuid
+and
+/etc/subgid
+even when creating a system account with
+\fB\-r\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name or the number of the user\*(Aqs primary group\&. The group name must exist\&. A group number must refer to an already existing group\&.
+.sp
+If not specified, the behavior of
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will depend on the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&. If this variable is set to
+\fIyes\fR
+(or
+\fB\-U/\-\-user\-group\fR
+is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname\&. If the variable is set to
+\fIno\fR
+(or
+\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR
+is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or 1000 by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]]
+.RS 4
+A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option\&. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-skel\fR\ \&\fISKEL_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user\*(Aqs home directory, when the home directory is created by
+\fBuseradd\fR\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid if the
+\fB\-m\fR
+(or
+\fB\-\-create\-home\fR) option is specified\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the
+\fBSKEL\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd
+or, by default,
+/etc/skel\&.
+.sp
+If possible, the ACLs and extended attributes are copied\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR
+.RS 4
+Overrides
+/etc/login\&.defs
+defaults (\fBUID_MIN\fR,
+\fBUID_MAX\fR,
+\fBUMASK\fR,
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR
+and others)\&.
+.sp
+Example:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS \fR=\fI\-1\fR
+can be used when creating an account to turn off password aging\&. Multiple
+\fB\-K\fR
+options can be specified, e\&.g\&.:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MIN\fR
+=\fI100\fR\ \&\fB\-K\fR\ \&
+\fIUID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-no\-log\-init\fR
+.RS 4
+Do not add the user to the lastlog and faillog databases\&.
+.sp
+By default, the user\*(Aqs entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will also consult the variable
+\fBLOG_INIT\fR
+in the
+/etc/default/useradd
+if set to no the user will not be added to the lastlog and faillog databases\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-create\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+Create the user\*(Aqs home directory if it does not exist\&. The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with the
+\fB\-k\fR
+option) will be copied to the home directory\&.
+.sp
+By default, if this option is not specified and
+\fBCREATE_HOME\fR
+is not enabled, no home directories are created\&.
+.sp
+The directory where the user\*(Aqs home directory is created must exist and have proper SELinux context and permissions\&. Otherwise the user\*(Aqs home directory cannot be created or accessed\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-no\-create\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+Do not create the user\*(Aqs home directory, even if the system wide setting from
+/etc/login\&.defs
+(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR) is set to
+\fIyes\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-no\-user\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option or by the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines an initial password for the account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&. Within a shell script, this option allows to create efficiently batches of users\&.
+.sp
+Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of
+/etc/shadow\&. This is a state where the user won\*(Aqt be able to access the account or to define a password himself\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fRAvoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+You should make sure the password respects the system\*(Aqs password policy\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Create a system account\&.
+.sp
+System users will be created with no aging information in
+/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+/etc/login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
+(and their
+\fBGID\fR
+counterparts for the creation of groups)\&.
+.sp
+Note that
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will not create a home directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR)\&. You have to specify the
+\fB\-m\fR
+options if you want a home directory for a system account to be created\&.
+.sp
+Note that this option will not update
+/etc/subuid
+and
+/etc/subgid\&. You have to specify the
+\fB\-F\fR
+options if you want to update the files for a system account to be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the path to the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. Without this option, the system will use the
+\fBSHELL\fR
+variable specified in
+/etc/default/useradd, or, if that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in
+/etc/passwd
+remains empty\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR
+.RS 4
+The numerical value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to
+\fBUID_MIN\fR
+and greater than every other user\&.
+.sp
+See also the
+\fB\-r\fR
+option and the
+\fBUID_MAX\fR
+description\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-user\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Create a group with the same name as the user, and add the user to this group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the SELinux user for the new account\&. Without this option, a SELinux uses the default user\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses
+\fBsemanage\fR(8)
+for that\&.
+.RE
+.SS "Changing the default values"
+.PP
+When invoked with only the
+\fB\-D\fR
+option,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will display the current default values\&. When invoked with
+\fB\-D\fR
+plus other options,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will update the default values for the specified options\&. Valid default\-changing options are:
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the path prefix for a new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The user\*(Aqs name will be affixed to the end of
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+to form the new user\*(Aqs home directory name, if the
+\fB\-d\fR
+option is not used when creating a new account\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBHOME\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBINACTIVE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group names or a numerical group ID\&. The named group must exist, and the GID must have an existing entry\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the default login shell for new users\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBSHELL\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.SH "NOTES"
+.PP
+The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the
+/etc/skel/
+directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in
+/etc/default/useradd
+or on the command line)\&.
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&.
+.PP
+Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will deny the user account creation request\&.
+.PP
+Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the username\&. Fully numeric usernames and usernames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&. It is not recommended to use usernames beginning with \&. character as their home directories will be hidden in the
+\fBls\fR
+output\&.
+.PP
+Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBCREATE_HOME\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Indicate if a home directory should be created by default for new users\&.
+.sp
+This setting does not apply to system users, and can be overridden on the command line\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by
+\fBuseradd\fR,
+\fBgroupadd\fR, or
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+The default value for
+\fBGID_MIN\fR
+(resp\&.
+\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBHOME_MODE\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The mode for new home directories\&. If not specified, the
+\fBUMASK\fR
+is used to create the mode\&.
+.sp
+\fBuseradd\fR
+and
+\fBnewusers\fR
+use this to set the mode of the home directory they create\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&.
+.sp
+No
+\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR
+option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+The mail spool directory\&. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted\&. If not specified, a compile\-time default is used\&. The parameter CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL in
+/etc/default/useradd
+determines whether the mail spool should be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home directory\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+The
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
+and
+\fBMAIL_FILE\fR
+variables are used by
+\fBuseradd\fR,
+\fBusermod\fR, and
+\fBuserdel\fR
+to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR
+is set to
+\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the
+\fBMAIL\fR
+environment variable\&.
+.PP
+\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
+/etc/group
+(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&.
+.sp
+The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&.
+.sp
+This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&.
+.sp
+If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&.
+.sp
+Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The maximum number of days a password may be used\&. If the password is older than this, a password change will be forced\&. If not specified, \-1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The minimum number of days allowed between password changes\&. Any password changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected\&. If not specified, 0 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The number of days warning given before a password expires\&. A zero means warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means no warning is given\&. If not specified, no warning will be provided\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+If
+/etc/subuid
+exists, the commands
+\fBuseradd\fR
+and
+\fBnewusers\fR
+(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+unused group IDs from the range
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR
+to
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR
+for each new user\&.
+.sp
+The default values for
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+If
+/etc/subuid
+exists, the commands
+\fBuseradd\fR
+and
+\fBnewusers\fR
+(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+unused user IDs from the range
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR
+to
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR
+for each new user\&.
+.sp
+The default values for
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by
+\fBuseradd\fR,
+\fBgroupadd\fR, or
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+The default value for
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR
+(resp\&.
+\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&.
+\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by
+\fBuseradd\fR
+or
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+The default value for
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR
+(resp\&.
+\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&.
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-1)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBUID_MAX\fR (number), \fBUID_MIN\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by
+\fBuseradd\fR
+or
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+The default value for
+\fBUID_MIN\fR
+(resp\&.
+\fBUID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBUMASK\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value\&. If not specified, the mask will be initialized to 022\&.
+.sp
+\fBuseradd\fR
+and
+\fBnewusers\fR
+use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if
+\fBHOME_MODE\fR
+is not set\&.
+.sp
+It is also used by
+\fBlogin\fR
+to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if
+\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR
+is set) or by the specification of a limit with the
+\fIK\fR
+identifier in
+\fBlimits\fR(5)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits (examples: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) for non\-root users, if the uid is the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name\&.
+.sp
+If set to
+\fIyes\fR,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will create by default a group with the name of the user\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/default/useradd
+.RS 4
+Default values for account creation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-post\&.d/*
+.RS 4
+Run\-part files to execute during user addition\&. The environment variable
+\fBACTION\fR
+will be populated with useradd and
+\fBSUBJECT\fR
+with the
+\fBusername\fR\&.
+useradd\-pre\&.d
+will be executed prior to any user addition\&.
+useradd\-post\&.d
+will execute after user addition\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/skel/
+.RS 4
+Directory containing default files\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration\&.
+.RE
+.SH "EXIT VALUES"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+UID already in use (and no
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+username or group name already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt create home directory
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI14\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update SELinux user mapping
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/man8/userdel.8 b/man/man8/userdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..acfc412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/userdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: userdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: System Management Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "USERDEL" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "System Management Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+userdel \- delete a user account and related files
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBuserdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBuserdel\fR [options] \fILOGIN\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name
+\fILOGIN\fR\&. The named user must exist\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is still logged in\&. It also forces
+\fBuserdel\fR
+to remove the user\*(Aqs home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user\&. If
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+is defined to
+\fIyes\fR
+in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+and if a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user\&.
+.sp
+\fINote:\fR
+This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+Files in the user\*(Aqs home directory will be removed along with the home directory itself and the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. Files located in other file systems will have to be searched for and deleted manually\&.
+.sp
+The mail spool is defined by the
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
+variable in the
+login\&.defs
+file\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user\*(Aqs login\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+The mail spool directory\&. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted\&. If not specified, a compile\-time default is used\&. The parameter CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL in
+/etc/default/useradd
+determines whether the mail spool should be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home directory\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+The
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
+and
+\fBMAIL_FILE\fR
+variables are used by
+\fBuseradd\fR,
+\fBusermod\fR, and
+\fBuserdel\fR
+to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR
+is set to
+\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the
+\fBMAIL\fR
+environment variable\&.
+.PP
+\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
+/etc/group
+(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&.
+.sp
+The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&.
+.sp
+This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&.
+.sp
+If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&.
+.sp
+Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBUSERDEL_CMD\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, this command is run when removing a user\&. It should remove any at/cron/print jobs etc\&. owned by the user to be removed (passed as the first argument)\&.
+.sp
+The return code of the script is not taken into account\&.
+.sp
+Here is an example script, which removes the user\*(Aqs cron, at and print jobs:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+#! /bin/sh
+
+# Check for the required argument\&.
+if [ $# != 1 ]; then
+	echo "Usage: $0 username"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# Remove cron jobs\&.
+crontab \-r \-u $1
+
+# Remove at jobs\&.
+# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID,
+# even if it was shared by a different username\&.
+AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs
+find $AT_SPOOL_DIR \-name "[^\&.]*" \-type f \-user $1 \-delete \e;
+
+# Remove print jobs\&.
+lprm $1
+
+# All done\&.
+exit 0
+      
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.sp
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits (examples: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) for non\-root users, if the uid is the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name\&.
+.sp
+If set to
+\fIyes\fR,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will create by default a group with the name of the user\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-post\&.d/*
+.RS 4
+Run\-part files to execute during user deletion\&. The environment variable
+\fBACTION\fR
+will be populated with
+\fBuserdel\fR
+and
+\fBSUBJECT\fR
+with the username\&.
+userdel\-pre\&.d
+will be executed prior to any user deletion\&.
+userdel\-post\&.d
+will execute after user deletion\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "EXIT VALUES"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified user doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+user currently logged in
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove home directory
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will not allow you to remove an account if there are running processes which belong to this account\&. In that case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user\*(Aqs password or account and remove the account later\&. The
+\fB\-f\fR
+option can force the deletion of this account\&.
+.PP
+You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain owned by this user\&.
+.PP
+You may not remove any NIS attributes on a NIS client\&. This must be performed on the NIS server\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+is defined to
+\fIyes\fR
+in
+/etc/login\&.defs,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will delete the group with the same name as the user\&. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise\&. The
+\fB\-f\fR
+option can force the deletion of this group\&.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/man8/usermod.8 b/man/man8/usermod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f419a69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/usermod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: usermod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: System Management Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "USERMOD" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "System Management Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+usermod \- modify a user account
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBusermod\fR\ 'u
+\fBusermod\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBusermod\fR
+command modifies the system account files\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBusermod\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR
+.RS 4
+Add the user to the supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the
+\fB\-G\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-badname\fR
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR
+.RS 4
+update the comment field of the user in
+/etc/passwd, which is normally modified using the
+\fBchfn\fR(1)
+utility\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The user\*(Aqs new login directory\&.
+.sp
+If the
+\fB\-m\fR
+option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format
+\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. Integers as input are interpreted as days after 1970\-01\-01\&.
+.sp
+An input of \-1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in the shadow password file\&. The account will remain available with no date limit\&.
+.sp
+This option requires a
+/etc/shadow
+file\&. A
+/etc/shadow
+entry will be created if there were none\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password\&. This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)
+for more information\&.
+.sp
+This option requires a
+/etc/shadow
+file\&. A
+/etc/shadow
+entry will be created if there were none\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name or numerical ID of the user\*(Aqs new primary group\&. The group must exist\&.
+.sp
+Any file from the user\*(Aqs home directory owned by the previous primary group of the user will be owned by this new group\&.
+.sp
+The group ownership of files outside of the user\*(Aqs home directory must be fixed manually\&.
+.sp
+The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as
+/\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]]
+.RS 4
+A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups must exist\&.
+.sp
+If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group\&. This behaviour can be changed via the
+\fB\-a\fR
+option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR\ \&\fINEW_LOGIN\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the user will be changed from
+\fILOGIN\fR
+to
+\fINEW_LOGIN\fR\&. Nothing else is changed\&. In particular, the user\*(Aqs home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This puts a \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
+\fB\-p\fR
+or
+\fB\-U\fR\&.
+.sp
+Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+to
+\fI1\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-move\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+moves the content of the user\*(Aqs home directory to the new location\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-d\fR
+(or
+\fB\-\-home\fR) option\&.
+.sp
+\fBusermod\fR
+will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+allows to change the user ID to a non\-unique value\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines a new password for the user\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+Avoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+You should make sure the password respects the system\*(Aqs password policy\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the user from named supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the
+\fB\-G\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes within the directory tree starting with
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+and use as well the configuration files located there\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+changes the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field in
+/etc/passwd
+and logs the user into the system\*(Aqs default shell\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR
+.RS 4
+The new value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&.
+.sp
+This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&.
+.sp
+The user\*(Aqs mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are located in the user\*(Aqs home directory will have the file user ID changed automatically\&.
+.sp
+The ownership of files outside of the user\*(Aqs home directory must be fixed manually\&.
+.sp
+The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as
+/\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to the
+\fBUID_MIN\fR,
+\fBUID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR, or
+\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
+.RS 4
+Unlock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This removes the \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
+\fB\-p\fR
+or
+\fB\-L\fR\&.
+.sp
+Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+(for example to
+\fI99999\fR, or to the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+value from
+/etc/default/useradd)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a range of subordinate uids to the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both
+\fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR
+are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a range of subordinate gids to the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both
+\fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR
+are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the SELinux user to be mapped with
+\fILOGIN\fR\&. An empty string ("") will remove the respective entry (if any)\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses semanage(8) for that\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user\*(Aqs numerical user ID, the user\*(Aqs name, or the user\*(Aqs home directory is being changed\&.
+\fBusermod\fR
+checks this on Linux\&. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in\&.
+.PP
+You must change the owner of any
+\fBcrontab\fR
+files or
+\fBat\fR
+jobs manually\&.
+.PP
+You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS server\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.PP
+\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&.
+.sp
+No
+\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR
+option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+The mail spool directory\&. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted\&. If not specified, a compile\-time default is used\&. The parameter CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL in
+/etc/default/useradd
+determines whether the mail spool should be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string)
+.RS 4
+Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home directory\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+The
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
+and
+\fBMAIL_FILE\fR
+variables are used by
+\fBuseradd\fR,
+\fBusermod\fR, and
+\fBuserdel\fR
+to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR
+is set to
+\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the
+\fBMAIL\fR
+environment variable\&.
+.PP
+\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
+/etc/group
+(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&.
+.sp
+The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&.
+.sp
+This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&.
+.sp
+If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&.
+.sp
+Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+If
+/etc/subuid
+exists, the commands
+\fBuseradd\fR
+and
+\fBnewusers\fR
+(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+unused group IDs from the range
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR
+to
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR
+for each new user\&.
+.sp
+The default values for
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number)
+.RS 4
+If
+/etc/subuid
+exists, the commands
+\fBuseradd\fR
+and
+\fBnewusers\fR
+(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+unused user IDs from the range
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR
+to
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR
+for each new user\&.
+.sp
+The default values for
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account informatio\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/man8/vigr.8 b/man/man8/vigr.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff72d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/vigr.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/vipw.8
diff --git a/man/man8/vipw.8 b/man/man8/vipw.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d686fdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/man8/vipw.8
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: vipw
+.\"    Author: Marek Michałkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: System Management Commands
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "VIPW" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "System Management Commands"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+vipw, vigr \- edit the password, group, shadow\-password or shadow\-group file
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBvipw\fR\ 'u
+\fBvipw\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBvigr\fR\ 'u
+\fBvigr\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands edits the files
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/group, respectively\&. With the
+\fB\-s\fR
+flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files,
+/etc/shadow
+and
+/etc/gshadow, respectively\&. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption\&. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable
+\fB$VISUAL\fR, then the environment variable
+\fB$EDITOR\fR, and finally the default editor,
+\fBvi\fR(1)\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands are:
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Edit group database\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR
+.RS 4
+Edit passwd database\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Quiet mode\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR
+.RS 4
+Edit shadow or gshadow database\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
+.PP
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+.RS 4
+Editor to be used\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBEDITOR\fR
+.RS 4
+Editor to be used if
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+is not set\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBvi\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5)
+,
+\fBpasswd\fR(5), ,
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/newgidmap.1.xml b/man/newgidmap.1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4ebc69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/newgidmap.1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013 Eric W. Biederman
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+
+<refentry id='newgidmap.1'>
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Eric</firstname>
+      <surname>Biederman</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 2013</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>newgidmap</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">User Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>newgidmap</refname>
+    <refpurpose>set the gid mapping of a user namespace</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>newgidmap</command>
+      <arg choice='plain'>
+	<replaceable>pid</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='plain'>
+	<replaceable>gid</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='plain'>
+	<replaceable>lowergid</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='plain'>
+	<replaceable>count</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<arg choice='plain'>
+	  <replaceable>gid</replaceable>
+	</arg>
+	<arg choice='plain'>
+	  <replaceable>lowergid</replaceable>
+	</arg>
+	<arg choice='plain'>
+	  <replaceable>count</replaceable>
+	</arg>
+	<arg choice='opt'>
+	  <replaceable>...</replaceable>
+	</arg>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>newgidmap</command> sets <filename>/proc/[pid]/gid_map</filename>
+      based on its command line arguments and the gids allowed. Subgid
+      delegation can either be managed via <filename>/etc/subgid</filename>
+      or through the configured NSS subid module. These options are mutually
+      exclusive.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      Note that the root group is not exempted from the requirement for a valid
+      <filename>/etc/subgid</filename> entry.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      After the pid argument, <command>newgidmap</command> expects sets of 3 integers:
+      <variablelist>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term>gid</term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>
+	      Beginning of the range of GIDs inside the user namespace.
+	    </para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term>lowergid</term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>
+	      Beginning of the range of GIDs outside the user namespace.
+	    </para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term>count</term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>
+	      Length of the ranges (both inside and outside the user namespace).
+	    </para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      <command>newgidmap</command> verifies that the caller is the owner
+      of the process indicated by <option>pid</option> and that for each
+      of the above sets, each of the GIDs in the range [lowergid,
+      lowergid+count) is allowed to the caller according to
+      <filename>/etc/subgid</filename> before setting
+      <filename>/proc/[pid]/gid_map</filename>.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      Note that newgidmap may be used only once for a given process.
+    </para>
+
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      There currently are no options to the <command>newgidmap</command> command.
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/subgid</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>List of user's subordinate group IDs.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/proc/[pid]/gid_map</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Mapping of gids from one between user namespaces.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>subgid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/newgrp.1.xml b/man/newgrp.1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abdc034
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/newgrp.1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991       , Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY SYSLOG_SG_ENAB        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SG_ENAB.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='newgrp.1'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">User Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>newgrp</refname>
+    <refpurpose>log in to a new group</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+  <!-- body begins here -->
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>newgrp</command>    <arg choice='opt'>- </arg>
+      <arg choice='opt'><replaceable>group</replaceable></arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+  <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>newgrp</command> command is used to change the current
+      group ID during a login session. If the optional <option>-</option>
+      flag is given, the user's environment will be reinitialized as though
+      the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including
+      current working directory, remains unchanged.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      <command>newgrp</command> changes the current real group ID to the
+      named group, or to the default group listed in
+      <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> if no group name is given. 
+      <command>newgrp</command> also tries to add the group to the user
+      groupset. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she
+      does not have a password (in <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> if this
+      user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in
+      <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> otherwise) and the group does, or if
+      the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password. The
+      user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user
+      is not listed as a member.
+    </para>
+
+    <para condition="gshadow">
+      If there is an entry for this group in
+      <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, then the list of members and the
+      password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the
+      entry in <filename>/etc/group</filename> is considered.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &SYSLOG_SG_ENAB;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure user account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Group account information.</para>
+	 </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="gshadow">
+	<term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry><phrase condition="gshadow">,
+	<citerefentry condition="gshadow">
+	  <refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+	</citerefentry>
+      </phrase>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/newuidmap.1.xml b/man/newuidmap.1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5cb5b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/newuidmap.1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013 Eric W. Biederman
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+
+<refentry id='newuidmap.1'>
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Eric</firstname>
+      <surname>Biederman</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 2013</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>newuidmap</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">User Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>newuidmap</refname>
+    <refpurpose>set the uid mapping of a user namespace</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>newuidmap</command>
+      <arg choice='plain'>
+	<replaceable>pid</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='plain'>
+	<replaceable>uid</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='plain'>
+	<replaceable>loweruid</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='plain'>
+	<replaceable>count</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<arg choice='plain'>
+	  <replaceable>uid</replaceable>
+	</arg>
+	<arg choice='plain'>
+	  <replaceable>loweruid</replaceable>
+	</arg>
+	<arg choice='plain'>
+	  <replaceable>count</replaceable>
+	</arg>
+	<arg choice='opt'>
+	  <replaceable>...</replaceable>
+	</arg>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>newuidmap</command> sets <filename>/proc/[pid]/uid_map</filename>
+      based on its command line arguments and the uids allowed. Subuid
+      delegation can either be managed via <filename>/etc/subuid</filename> or
+      through the configured NSS subid module. These options are mutually
+      exclusive.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      Note that the root user is not exempted from the requirement for a valid
+      <filename>/etc/subuid</filename> entry.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      After the pid argument, <command>newuidmap</command> expects sets of 3 integers:
+      <variablelist>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term>uid</term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>
+	      Beginning of the range of UIDs inside the user namespace.
+	    </para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term>loweruid</term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>
+	      Beginning of the range of UIDs outside the user namespace.
+	    </para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term>count</term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>
+	      Length of the ranges (both inside and outside the user namespace).
+	    </para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      <command>newuidmap</command> verifies that the caller is the owner
+      of the process indicated by <option>pid</option> and that for each
+      of the above sets, each of the UIDs in the range [loweruid,
+      loweruid+count) is allowed to the caller according to
+      <filename>/etc/subuid</filename> before setting
+      <filename>/proc/[pid]/uid_map</filename>.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      Note that newuidmap may be used only once for a given process.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      There currently are no options to the <command>newuidmap</command> command.
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/subuid</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>List of user's subordinate user IDs.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/proc/[pid]/uid_map</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Mapping of uids from one between user namespaces.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/newusers.8.xml b/man/newusers.8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ff0052
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/newusers.8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY ENCRYPT_METHOD        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENCRYPT_METHOD.xml">
+<!ENTITY GID_MAX               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/GID_MAX.xml">
+<!ENTITY HOME_MODE             SYSTEM "login.defs.d/HOME_MODE.xml">
+<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
+<!ENTITY MD5_CRYPT_ENAB        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_MAX_DAYS         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_MIN_DAYS         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_WARN_AGE         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_WARN_AGE.xml">
+<!ENTITY SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS  SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS.xml">
+<!ENTITY SUB_GID_COUNT         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SUB_GID_COUNT.xml">
+<!ENTITY SUB_UID_COUNT         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SUB_UID_COUNT.xml">
+<!ENTITY SYS_GID_MAX           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYS_GID_MAX.xml">
+<!ENTITY SYS_UID_MAX           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYS_UID_MAX.xml">
+<!ENTITY UID_MAX               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/UID_MAX.xml">
+<!ENTITY UMASK                 SYSTEM "login.defs.d/UMASK.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+
+<refentry id='newusers.8'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>newusers</refname>
+    <refpurpose>update and create new users in batch</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+  <!-- body begins here -->
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>newusers</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<replaceable>options</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<replaceable>file</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>newusers</command> command reads a <replaceable>file</replaceable> (or the standard input by default)
+      and uses this information to update a set
+      of existing users or to create new users. Each line is in the same format
+      as the standard password file (see
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>) with the exceptions explained below:
+    </para>
+    <para>pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell</para>
+
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <emphasis remap='I'>pw_name</emphasis>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    This is the name of the user.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing
+	    user (or a user created before by
+	    <command>newusers</command>).  In case of an existing user,
+	    the user's information will be changed, otherwise a new user
+	    will be created.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <emphasis remap='I'>pw_passwd</emphasis>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    This field will be encrypted and used as the new value of the
+	    encrypted password.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <emphasis remap='I'>pw_uid</emphasis>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    This field is used to define the UID of the user.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined
+	    automatically by <command>newusers</command>.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If this field contains a number, this number will be used as
+	    the UID.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the
+	    name of a user created before by
+	    <command>newusers</command>), the UID of the specified user
+	    will be used.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If the UID of an existing user is changed, the files ownership
+	    of the user's file should be fixed manually.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <emphasis remap='I'>pw_gid</emphasis>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    This field is used to define the primary group ID for the user.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a
+	    group created before by <command>newusers</command>), the GID
+	    of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the
+	    user.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If this field is a number, this number will be used as the
+	    primary group ID of the user.  If no groups exist with this
+	    GID, a new group will be created with this GID, and the name
+	    of the user.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the
+	    name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by
+	    <command>newusers</command> to be used as the primary group ID
+	    for the user and as the GID for the new group.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If this field contains the name of a group which does not
+	    exist (and was not created before by
+	    <command>newusers</command>), a new group will be created with
+	    the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by
+	    <command>newusers</command> to be used as the primary group ID
+	    for the user and GID for the new group.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <emphasis remap='I'>pw_gecos</emphasis>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    This field is copied in the GECOS field of the user.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <emphasis remap='I'>pw_dir</emphasis>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    This field is used to define the home directory of the user.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If this field does not specify an existing directory, the
+	    specified directory is created, with ownership set to the
+	    user being created or updated and its primary group. Note
+	    that <emphasis>newusers does not create parent directories
+	    </emphasis> of the new user's home directory. The newusers
+	    command will fail to create the home directory if the parent
+	    directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr
+	    informing the user of the failure. The newusers command will
+	    not halt or return a failure to the calling shell if it fails
+	    to create the home directory, it will continue to process the
+	    batch of new users specified.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If the home directory of an existing user is changed,
+	    <command>newusers</command> does not move or copy the content
+	    of the old directory to the new location. This should be done
+	    manually.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <emphasis remap='I'>pw_shell</emphasis>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    This field defines the shell of the user.
+	    No checks are performed on this field.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+
+    <para>
+      <command>newusers</command> first tries to create or change all the
+      specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group
+      databases. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the
+      databases), no changes are committed to the databases.
+    </para>
+    <para condition="pam">
+      During this first pass, users are created with a locked password
+      (and passwords are not changed for the users which are not created).
+      A second pass is used to update the passwords using PAM.  Failures
+      to update a password are reported, but will not stop the other
+      password updates.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      This command is intended to be used in a large system environment
+      where many accounts are updated at a single time.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>newusers</command> command are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>--badname</option>&nbsp;
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+        Allow names that do not conform to standards.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+    <variablelist remap='IP' condition="no_pam">
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords.</para>
+	  <para>
+	    The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512
+	    if your libc support these methods.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-r</option>, <option>--system</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Create a system account.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    System users will be created with no aging information in
+	    <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>, and their numeric
+	    identifiers are chosen in the
+	    <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>
+	    range, defined in <filename>login.defs</filename>, instead of
+	    <option>UID_MIN</option>-<option>UID_MAX</option> (and their
+	    <option>GID</option> counterparts for the creation of groups).
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+    <variablelist remap='IP' condition="no_pam">
+      <varlistentry condition="sha_crypt">
+	<term><option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The value 0 means that the system will choose the default
+	    number of rounds for the crypt method (5000).
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999
+	    will be enforced.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512
+	    crypt method.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    By default, the number of rounds is defined by the
+	    SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
+	    <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='caveats'>
+    <title>CAVEATS</title>
+    <para>
+      The input file must be protected since it contains unencrypted
+      passwords.
+    </para>
+    <para condition="no_pam">
+      You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect
+      the system's password policy.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist condition="no_pam">
+      &ENCRYPT_METHOD;
+    </variablelist>
+    <variablelist>
+      &GID_MAX; <!-- documents also GID_MIN -->
+      &HOME_MODE;
+      &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
+    </variablelist>
+    <variablelist condition="no_pam">
+      &MD5_CRYPT_ENAB;
+    </variablelist>
+    <variablelist>
+      &PASS_MAX_DAYS;
+      &PASS_MIN_DAYS;
+      &PASS_WARN_AGE;
+    </variablelist>
+    <variablelist condition="no_pam">
+      &SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS; <!-- documents also SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS-->
+    </variablelist>
+    <variablelist>
+      &SUB_GID_COUNT; <!-- documents also SUB_GID_MAX and SUB_GID_MIN -->
+      &SUB_UID_COUNT; <!-- documents also SUB_UID_MAX and SUB_UID_MIN -->
+      &SYS_GID_MAX; <!-- documents also SYS_GID_MIN -->
+      &SYS_UID_MAX; <!-- documents also SYS_UID_MIN -->
+      &UID_MAX; <!-- documents also UID_MIN -->
+      &UMASK;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure user account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="gshadow">
+	<term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="pam">
+	<term><filename>/etc/pam.d/newusers</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>PAM configuration for <command>newusers</command>.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="subids">
+	<term><filename>/etc/subgid</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Per user subordinate group IDs.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="subids">
+	<term><filename>/etc/subuid</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Per user subordinate user IDs.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <phrase condition="subids">
+	<citerefentry>
+	  <refentrytitle>subgid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+	</citerefentry>,
+	<citerefentry>
+	  <refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+	</citerefentry>,
+      </phrase>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/nologin.8.xml b/man/nologin.8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fcb0be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/nologin.8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1993       , The Regents of the University of California
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2006 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='nologin.8'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>nologin</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>nologin</refname>
+    <refpurpose>politely refuse a login</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+  <!-- body begins here -->
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>nologin</command>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>nologin</command> command displays a message that an account
+      is not available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement shell
+      field for accounts that have been disabled.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      To disable all logins, investigate
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      If <command>SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND</command> is populated it will be logged.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>nologin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='history'>
+    <title>HISTORY</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>nologin</command> command appeared in BSD 4.4.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/passwd.1.xml b/man/passwd.1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52b8637
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/passwd.1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,492 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY ENCRYPT_METHOD        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENCRYPT_METHOD.xml">
+<!ENTITY MD5_CRYPT_ENAB        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB   SYSTEM "login.defs.d/OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_ALWAYS_WARN      SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_ALWAYS_WARN.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_CHANGE_TRIES     SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_CHANGE_TRIES.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_MAX_LEN          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_LEN.xml">
+<!ENTITY SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS  SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='passwd.1'>
+  <!--  $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1989</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">User Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>passwd</refname>
+    <refpurpose>change user password</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>passwd</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<replaceable>options</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+        <replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>passwd</command> command changes passwords for user accounts.
+      A normal user may only change the password for their own account, while
+      the superuser may change the password for any account.
+      <command>passwd</command> also changes the account or associated
+      password validity period.
+    </para>
+
+    <refsect2 id='password_changes'>
+      <title>Password Changes</title>
+      <para>
+	The user is first prompted for their old password, if one is
+	present. This password is then encrypted and compared against the
+	stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct
+	password. The superuser is permitted to bypass this step so that
+	forgotten passwords may be changed.
+      </para>
+
+      <para>
+	After the password has been entered, password aging information is
+	checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at
+	this time. If not, <command>passwd</command> refuses to change the
+	password and exits.
+      </para>
+
+      <para>
+	The user is then prompted twice for a replacement password. The
+	second entry is compared against the first and both are required to
+	match in order for the password to be changed.
+      </para>
+
+      <para>
+	Then, the password is tested for complexity. As a general guideline,
+	passwords should consist of 6 to 8 characters including one or more
+	characters from each of the following sets:
+      </para>
+
+      <itemizedlist mark='bullet'>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>lower case alphabetics</para>
+	</listitem>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>digits 0 thru 9</para>
+	</listitem>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>punctuation marks</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </itemizedlist>
+
+      <para>
+	Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill
+	characters. <command>passwd</command> will reject any password which
+	is not suitably complex.
+      </para>
+
+    </refsect2>
+
+    <refsect2 id='hints_for_user_passwords'>
+      <title>Hints for user passwords</title>
+      <para>
+	The security of a password depends upon the strength of the
+	encryption algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy
+	<emphasis>UNIX</emphasis> System encryption method is based on the
+	NBS DES algorithm. More recent methods are now recommended (see
+	<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option>). The size of the key space
+	depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected.
+      </para>
+
+      <para>
+	Compromises in password security normally result from careless
+	password selection or handling. For this reason, you should not
+	select a password which appears in a dictionary or which must be
+	written down. The password should also not be a proper name, your
+	license number, birth date, or street address. Any of these may be
+	used as guesses to violate system security.
+      </para>
+
+      <para>
+	You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on
+	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength
+      </para>
+    </refsect2>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>passwd</command> command are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    This option can be used only with <option>-S</option> and causes show
+	    status for all users.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Delete a user's password (make it empty). This is a quick way
+	    to disable a password for an account. It will set the named
+	    account passwordless.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Immediately expire an account's password. This in effect can
+	    force a user to change their password at the user's next login.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    This option is used to disable an account after the password has
+	    been expired for a number of days. After a user account has had
+	    an expired password for <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>
+	    days, the user may no longer sign on to the account.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Indicate password change should be performed only for expired
+	    authentication tokens (passwords). The user wishes to keep their
+	    non-expired tokens as before.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-l</option>, <option>--lock</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Lock the password of the named account. This option disables a
+	    password by changing it to a value which matches no possible
+	    encrypted value (it adds a ´!´ at the beginning of the
+	    password).
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Note that this does not disable the account. The user may
+	    still be able to login using another authentication token
+	    (e.g. an SSH key). To disable the account, administrators
+	    should use <command>usermod --expiredate 1</command> (this set
+	    the account's expire date to Jan 2, 1970).
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their
+	    password.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-n</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
+	    <replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>. A value of zero for this field
+	    indicates that the user may change their password at any time.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Quiet mode.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-r</option>, <option>--repository</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    change password in <replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable> repository
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-S</option>, <option>--status</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Display account status information. The status information
+	    consists of 7 fields. The first field is the user's login name. 
+	    The second field indicates if the user account has a locked
+	    password (L),
+	    has no password (NP), or has a usable password (P). The third
+	    field gives the date of the last password change. The next four
+	    fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning period, and
+	    inactivity period for the password. These ages are expressed in
+	    days.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-u</option>, <option>--unlock</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Unlock the password of the named account. This option
+	    re-enables a password by changing the password back to its
+	    previous value (to the value before using the
+	    <option>-l</option> option).
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Set the number of days of warning before a password change is
+	    required. The <replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable> option is
+	    the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user
+	    will be warned that their password is about to expire.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-x</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After
+	    <replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>, the password is required
+	    to be changed.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Passing the number <emphasis remap='I'>-1</emphasis> as
+	    <replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable> will remove checking a
+	    password's validity.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='caveats'>
+    <title>CAVEATS</title>
+    <para>
+      Password complexity checking may
+      vary from site to site. The user is urged to select a password as
+      complex as he or she feels comfortable with.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      Users may not be able to 
+      change their password on a system if NIS is enabled and they are not 
+      logged into the NIS server.
+    </para>
+    <para condition="pam">
+      <command>passwd</command> uses PAM to authenticate users and to
+      change their passwords.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration' condition="no_pam">
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &ENCRYPT_METHOD;
+      &MD5_CRYPT_ENAB;
+      &OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB;
+      &PASS_ALWAYS_WARN;
+      &PASS_CHANGE_TRIES;
+      &PASS_MAX_LEN; <!-- documents also PASS_MIN_LEN -->
+      &SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure user account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="no_pam">
+	<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="pam">
+	<term><filename>/etc/pam.d/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>PAM configuration for <command>passwd</command>.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='exit_values'>
+    <title>EXIT VALUES</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>passwd</command> command exits with the following values:
+      <variablelist>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>0</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>success</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>1</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>permission denied</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>2</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>invalid combination of options</para>
+	    </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>3</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>unexpected failure, nothing done</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>4</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>unexpected failure, <filename>passwd</filename> file missing</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>5</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para><filename>passwd</filename> file busy, try again</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>6</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>invalid argument to option</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>chpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <phrase condition="no_pam">
+	<citerefentry>
+	  <refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+	</citerefentry>,
+      </phrase>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/passwd.5.xml b/man/passwd.5.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99a0784
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/passwd.5.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 - 1990, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='passwd.5'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1989</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">File Formats and Configuration Files</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>passwd</refname>
+    <refpurpose>the password file</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> contains one line for each
+      user account, with seven fields delimited by colons
+      (<quote>:</quote>).
+      These fields are:
+    </para>
+    <itemizedlist mark='bullet'>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>login name</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>optional encrypted password</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>numerical user ID</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>numerical group ID</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>user name or comment field</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>user home directory</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>optional user command interpreter</para>
+      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+
+    <para>
+      If the <emphasis>password</emphasis> field is a lower-case
+      <quote>x</quote>, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle>
+      <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file instead; there
+      <emphasis>must</emphasis> be a corresponding line in the
+      <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file, or else the user account is invalid. 
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      The encrypted <emphasis>password</emphasis> field may be empty,
+      in which case no password is required to authenticate as the
+      specified login name. However, some applications which read the
+      <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file may decide not to permit
+      <emphasis>any</emphasis> access at all if the
+      <emphasis>password</emphasis> field is blank.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      A <emphasis>password</emphasis> field which starts with an
+      exclamation mark means that the password is locked.  The
+      remaining characters on the line represent the
+      <emphasis>password</emphasis> field before the password was
+      locked.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle>
+      <manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details on how
+      this string is interpreted.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      If the password field contains some string that is not a valid
+      result of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle>
+      <manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, for instance ! or *,
+      the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in
+      (but the user may log in the system by other means).
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by
+      various system utilities, such as
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle>
+      <manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The use of an ampersand
+      here will be replaced by the capitalised login name when the field
+      is used or displayed by such system utilities.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      The home directory field provides the name of the initial working
+      directory. The <command>login</command> program uses this information
+      to set the value of the <envar>$HOME</envar> environmental variable.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command
+      language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. 
+      The <command>login</command> program uses this information to set the
+      value of the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environmental variable. If this
+      field is empty, it defaults to the value <filename>/bin/sh</filename>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>optional encrypted password file</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd-</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Backup file for /etc/passwd.</para>
+	  <para>
+	    Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow
+	    toolsuite, but not by all user and password management tools.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>getent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>getpwnam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>pwconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/pl/Makefile.am b/man/pl/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..724d25f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+
+mandir = @mandir@/pl
+
+# 2012.01.28 - activate manpages with more than 50% translated messages
+man_MANS = \
+	man1/chage.1 \
+	man1/chsh.1 \
+	man1/expiry.1 \
+	man5/faillog.5 \
+	man8/faillog.8 \
+	man3/getspnam.3 \
+	man8/groupadd.8 \
+	man8/groupdel.8 \
+	man8/groupmems.8 \
+	man8/groupmod.8 \
+	man1/groups.1 \
+	man8/grpck.8 \
+	man8/lastlog.8 \
+	man8/logoutd.8 \
+	man1/newgrp.1 \
+	man1/sg.1 \
+	man3/shadow.3 \
+	man8/userdel.8 \
+	man8/usermod.8 \
+	man8/vigr.8 \
+	man8/vipw.8
+
+man_nopam = \
+	man5/porttime.5
+
+if !USE_PAM
+man_MANS += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+EXTRA_DIST = \
+	$(man_MANS) \
+	man1/id.1
+
+if USE_PAM
+EXTRA_DIST += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+include ../generate_translations.mak
+
diff --git a/man/pl/Makefile.in b/man/pl/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6350e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,782 @@
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+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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+am__tagged_files = $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES) $(TAGS_FILES) $(LISP)
+am__DIST_COMMON = $(srcdir)/../generate_mans.mak \
+	$(srcdir)/../generate_translations.mak $(srcdir)/Makefile.in
+DISTFILES = $(DIST_COMMON) $(DIST_SOURCES) $(TEXINFOS) $(EXTRA_DIST)
+ACLOCAL = @ACLOCAL@
+AMTAR = @AMTAR@
+AM_DEFAULT_VERBOSITY = @AM_DEFAULT_VERBOSITY@
+AR = @AR@
+AUTOCONF = @AUTOCONF@
+AUTOHEADER = @AUTOHEADER@
+AUTOMAKE = @AUTOMAKE@
+AWK = @AWK@
+CC = @CC@
+CCDEPMODE = @CCDEPMODE@
+CFLAGS = @CFLAGS@
+CPP = @CPP@
+CPPFLAGS = @CPPFLAGS@
+CSCOPE = @CSCOPE@
+CTAGS = @CTAGS@
+CYGPATH_W = @CYGPATH_W@
+DEFS = @DEFS@
+DEPDIR = @DEPDIR@
+DLLTOOL = @DLLTOOL@
+DSYMUTIL = @DSYMUTIL@
+DUMPBIN = @DUMPBIN@
+ECHO_C = @ECHO_C@
+ECHO_N = @ECHO_N@
+ECHO_T = @ECHO_T@
+ECONF_CPPFLAGS = @ECONF_CPPFLAGS@
+EGREP = @EGREP@
+ETAGS = @ETAGS@
+EXEEXT = @EXEEXT@
+FGREP = @FGREP@
+GETTEXT_MACRO_VERSION = @GETTEXT_MACRO_VERSION@
+GMSGFMT = @GMSGFMT@
+GMSGFMT_015 = @GMSGFMT_015@
+GREP = @GREP@
+GROUP_NAME_MAX_LENGTH = @GROUP_NAME_MAX_LENGTH@
+INSTALL = @INSTALL@
+INSTALL_DATA = @INSTALL_DATA@
+INSTALL_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_PROGRAM@
+INSTALL_SCRIPT = @INSTALL_SCRIPT@
+INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM@
+INTLLIBS = @INTLLIBS@
+INTL_MACOSX_LIBS = @INTL_MACOSX_LIBS@
+LD = @LD@
+LDFLAGS = @LDFLAGS@
+LIBACL = @LIBACL@
+LIBATTR = @LIBATTR@
+LIBAUDIT = @LIBAUDIT@
+LIBCRACK = @LIBCRACK@
+LIBCRYPT = @LIBCRYPT@
+LIBECONF = @LIBECONF@
+LIBICONV = @LIBICONV@
+LIBINTL = @LIBINTL@
+LIBMD = @LIBMD@
+LIBOBJS = @LIBOBJS@
+LIBPAM = @LIBPAM@
+LIBS = @LIBS@
+LIBSELINUX = @LIBSELINUX@
+LIBSEMANAGE = @LIBSEMANAGE@
+LIBSKEY = @LIBSKEY@
+LIBSUBID_ABI = @LIBSUBID_ABI@
+LIBSUBID_ABI_MAJOR = @LIBSUBID_ABI_MAJOR@
+LIBSUBID_ABI_MICRO = @LIBSUBID_ABI_MICRO@
+LIBSUBID_ABI_MINOR = @LIBSUBID_ABI_MINOR@
+LIBTCB = @LIBTCB@
+LIBTOOL = @LIBTOOL@
+LIPO = @LIPO@
+LIYESCRYPT = @LIYESCRYPT@
+LN_S = @LN_S@
+LTLIBICONV = @LTLIBICONV@
+LTLIBINTL = @LTLIBINTL@
+LTLIBOBJS = @LTLIBOBJS@
+LT_SYS_LIBRARY_PATH = @LT_SYS_LIBRARY_PATH@
+MAINT = @MAINT@
+MAKEINFO = @MAKEINFO@
+MANIFEST_TOOL = @MANIFEST_TOOL@
+MKDIR_P = @MKDIR_P@
+MSGFMT = @MSGFMT@
+MSGFMT_015 = @MSGFMT_015@
+MSGMERGE = @MSGMERGE@
+NM = @NM@
+NMEDIT = @NMEDIT@
+OBJDUMP = @OBJDUMP@
+OBJEXT = @OBJEXT@
+OTOOL = @OTOOL@
+OTOOL64 = @OTOOL64@
+PACKAGE = @PACKAGE@
+PACKAGE_BUGREPORT = @PACKAGE_BUGREPORT@
+PACKAGE_NAME = @PACKAGE_NAME@
+PACKAGE_STRING = @PACKAGE_STRING@
+PACKAGE_TARNAME = @PACKAGE_TARNAME@
+PACKAGE_URL = @PACKAGE_URL@
+PACKAGE_VERSION = @PACKAGE_VERSION@
+PATH_SEPARATOR = @PATH_SEPARATOR@
+POSUB = @POSUB@
+RANLIB = @RANLIB@
+SED = @SED@
+SET_MAKE = @SET_MAKE@
+SHELL = @SHELL@
+STRIP = @STRIP@
+USE_NLS = @USE_NLS@
+VENDORDIR = @VENDORDIR@
+VERSION = @VERSION@
+XGETTEXT = @XGETTEXT@
+XGETTEXT_015 = @XGETTEXT_015@
+XGETTEXT_EXTRA_OPTIONS = @XGETTEXT_EXTRA_OPTIONS@
+XMLCATALOG = @XMLCATALOG@
+XML_CATALOG_FILE = @XML_CATALOG_FILE@
+XSLTPROC = @XSLTPROC@
+YACC = @YACC@
+YFLAGS = @YFLAGS@
+abs_builddir = @abs_builddir@
+abs_srcdir = @abs_srcdir@
+abs_top_builddir = @abs_top_builddir@
+abs_top_srcdir = @abs_top_srcdir@
+ac_ct_AR = @ac_ct_AR@
+ac_ct_CC = @ac_ct_CC@
+ac_ct_DUMPBIN = @ac_ct_DUMPBIN@
+am__include = @am__include@
+am__leading_dot = @am__leading_dot@
+am__quote = @am__quote@
+am__tar = @am__tar@
+am__untar = @am__untar@
+bindir = @bindir@
+build = @build@
+build_alias = @build_alias@
+build_cpu = @build_cpu@
+build_os = @build_os@
+build_vendor = @build_vendor@
+builddir = @builddir@
+capcmd = @capcmd@
+datadir = @datadir@
+datarootdir = @datarootdir@
+docdir = @docdir@
+dvidir = @dvidir@
+exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@
+host = @host@
+host_alias = @host_alias@
+host_cpu = @host_cpu@
+host_os = @host_os@
+host_vendor = @host_vendor@
+htmldir = @htmldir@
+includedir = @includedir@
+infodir = @infodir@
+install_sh = @install_sh@
+libdir = @libdir@
+libexecdir = @libexecdir@
+localedir = @localedir@
+localstatedir = @localstatedir@
+mandir = @mandir@/pl
+mkdir_p = @mkdir_p@
+oldincludedir = @oldincludedir@
+pdfdir = @pdfdir@
+prefix = @prefix@
+program_transform_name = @program_transform_name@
+psdir = @psdir@
+runstatedir = @runstatedir@
+sbindir = @sbindir@
+sharedstatedir = @sharedstatedir@
+srcdir = @srcdir@
+sysconfdir = @sysconfdir@
+target_alias = @target_alias@
+top_build_prefix = @top_build_prefix@
+top_builddir = @top_builddir@
+top_srcdir = @top_srcdir@
+
+# 2012.01.28 - activate manpages with more than 50% translated messages
+man_MANS = man1/chage.1 man1/chsh.1 man1/expiry.1 man5/faillog.5 \
+	man8/faillog.8 man3/getspnam.3 man8/groupadd.8 man8/groupdel.8 \
+	man8/groupmems.8 man8/groupmod.8 man1/groups.1 man8/grpck.8 \
+	man8/lastlog.8 man8/logoutd.8 man1/newgrp.1 man1/sg.1 \
+	man3/shadow.3 man8/userdel.8 man8/usermod.8 man8/vigr.8 \
+	man8/vipw.8 $(am__append_1)
+man_nopam = \
+	man5/porttime.5
+
+EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS) man1/id.1 $(am__append_2)
+LANG = $(notdir $(CURDIR))
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@USE_PAM_FALSE@PAM_COND = no_pam
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@USE_PAM_TRUE@PAM_COND = pam
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@SHADOWGRP_FALSE@SHADOWGRP_COND = no_gshadow
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@SHADOWGRP_TRUE@SHADOWGRP_COND = gshadow
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@WITH_TCB_FALSE@TCB_COND = no_tcb
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@WITH_TCB_TRUE@TCB_COND = tcb
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@USE_SHA_CRYPT_FALSE@SHA_CRYPT_COND = no_sha_crypt
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@USE_SHA_CRYPT_TRUE@SHA_CRYPT_COND = sha_crypt
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@ENABLE_SUBIDS_FALSE@SUBIDS_COND = no_subids
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@ENABLE_SUBIDS_TRUE@SUBIDS_COND = subids
+CLEANFILES = messages.mo login.defs.d $(EXTRA_DIST) $(addsuffix .xml,$(EXTRA_DIST)) config.xml
+all: all-am
+
+.SUFFIXES:
+$(srcdir)/Makefile.in: @MAINTAINER_MODE_TRUE@ $(srcdir)/Makefile.am $(srcdir)/../generate_translations.mak $(srcdir)/../generate_mans.mak $(am__configure_deps)
+	@for dep in $?; do \
+	  case '$(am__configure_deps)' in \
+	    *$$dep*) \
+	      ( cd $(top_builddir) && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) am--refresh ) \
+	        && { if test -f $@; then exit 0; else break; fi; }; \
+	      exit 1;; \
+	  esac; \
+	done; \
+	echo ' cd $(top_srcdir) && $(AUTOMAKE) --foreign man/pl/Makefile'; \
+	$(am__cd) $(top_srcdir) && \
+	  $(AUTOMAKE) --foreign man/pl/Makefile
+Makefile: $(srcdir)/Makefile.in $(top_builddir)/config.status
+	@case '$?' in \
+	  *config.status*) \
+	    cd $(top_builddir) && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) am--refresh;; \
+	  *) \
+	    echo ' cd $(top_builddir) && $(SHELL) ./config.status $(subdir)/$@ $(am__maybe_remake_depfiles)'; \
+	    cd $(top_builddir) && $(SHELL) ./config.status $(subdir)/$@ $(am__maybe_remake_depfiles);; \
+	esac;
+$(srcdir)/../generate_translations.mak $(srcdir)/../generate_mans.mak $(am__empty):
+
+$(top_builddir)/config.status: $(top_srcdir)/configure $(CONFIG_STATUS_DEPENDENCIES)
+	cd $(top_builddir) && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) am--refresh
+
+$(top_srcdir)/configure: @MAINTAINER_MODE_TRUE@ $(am__configure_deps)
+	cd $(top_builddir) && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) am--refresh
+$(ACLOCAL_M4): @MAINTAINER_MODE_TRUE@ $(am__aclocal_m4_deps)
+	cd $(top_builddir) && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) am--refresh
+$(am__aclocal_m4_deps):
+
+mostlyclean-libtool:
+	-rm -f *.lo
+
+clean-libtool:
+	-rm -rf .libs _libs
+install-man1: $(man_MANS)
+	@$(NORMAL_INSTALL)
+	@list1=''; \
+	list2='$(man_MANS)'; \
+	test -n "$(man1dir)" \
+	  && test -n "`echo $$list1$$list2`" \
+	  || exit 0; \
+	echo " $(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)'"; \
+	$(MKDIR_P) "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)" || exit 1; \
+	{ for i in $$list1; do echo "$$i"; done;  \
+	if test -n "$$list2"; then \
+	  for i in $$list2; do echo "$$i"; done \
+	    | sed -n '/\.1[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	fi; \
+	} | while read p; do \
+	  if test -f $$p; then d=; else d="$(srcdir)/"; fi; \
+	  echo "$$d$$p"; echo "$$p"; \
+	done | \
+	sed -e 'n;s,.*/,,;p;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^1][0-9a-z]*$$,1,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,' | \
+	sed 'N;N;s,\n, ,g' | { \
+	list=; while read file base inst; do \
+	  if test "$$base" = "$$inst"; then list="$$list $$file"; else \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) '$$file' '$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/$$inst'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) "$$file" "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/$$inst" || exit $$?; \
+	  fi; \
+	done; \
+	for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done | $(am__base_list) | \
+	while read files; do \
+	  test -z "$$files" || { \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files '$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)" || exit $$?; }; \
+	done; }
+
+uninstall-man1:
+	@$(NORMAL_UNINSTALL)
+	@list=''; test -n "$(man1dir)" || exit 0; \
+	files=`{ for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done; \
+	l2='$(man_MANS)'; for i in $$l2; do echo "$$i"; done | \
+	  sed -n '/\.1[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	} | sed -e 's,.*/,,;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^1][0-9a-z]*$$,1,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,'`; \
+	dir='$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)'; $(am__uninstall_files_from_dir)
+install-man3: $(man_MANS)
+	@$(NORMAL_INSTALL)
+	@list1=''; \
+	list2='$(man_MANS)'; \
+	test -n "$(man3dir)" \
+	  && test -n "`echo $$list1$$list2`" \
+	  || exit 0; \
+	echo " $(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(man3dir)'"; \
+	$(MKDIR_P) "$(DESTDIR)$(man3dir)" || exit 1; \
+	{ for i in $$list1; do echo "$$i"; done;  \
+	if test -n "$$list2"; then \
+	  for i in $$list2; do echo "$$i"; done \
+	    | sed -n '/\.3[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	fi; \
+	} | while read p; do \
+	  if test -f $$p; then d=; else d="$(srcdir)/"; fi; \
+	  echo "$$d$$p"; echo "$$p"; \
+	done | \
+	sed -e 'n;s,.*/,,;p;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^3][0-9a-z]*$$,3,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,' | \
+	sed 'N;N;s,\n, ,g' | { \
+	list=; while read file base inst; do \
+	  if test "$$base" = "$$inst"; then list="$$list $$file"; else \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) '$$file' '$(DESTDIR)$(man3dir)/$$inst'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) "$$file" "$(DESTDIR)$(man3dir)/$$inst" || exit $$?; \
+	  fi; \
+	done; \
+	for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done | $(am__base_list) | \
+	while read files; do \
+	  test -z "$$files" || { \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files '$(DESTDIR)$(man3dir)'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files "$(DESTDIR)$(man3dir)" || exit $$?; }; \
+	done; }
+
+uninstall-man3:
+	@$(NORMAL_UNINSTALL)
+	@list=''; test -n "$(man3dir)" || exit 0; \
+	files=`{ for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done; \
+	l2='$(man_MANS)'; for i in $$l2; do echo "$$i"; done | \
+	  sed -n '/\.3[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	} | sed -e 's,.*/,,;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^3][0-9a-z]*$$,3,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,'`; \
+	dir='$(DESTDIR)$(man3dir)'; $(am__uninstall_files_from_dir)
+install-man5: $(man_MANS)
+	@$(NORMAL_INSTALL)
+	@list1=''; \
+	list2='$(man_MANS)'; \
+	test -n "$(man5dir)" \
+	  && test -n "`echo $$list1$$list2`" \
+	  || exit 0; \
+	echo " $(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)'"; \
+	$(MKDIR_P) "$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)" || exit 1; \
+	{ for i in $$list1; do echo "$$i"; done;  \
+	if test -n "$$list2"; then \
+	  for i in $$list2; do echo "$$i"; done \
+	    | sed -n '/\.5[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	fi; \
+	} | while read p; do \
+	  if test -f $$p; then d=; else d="$(srcdir)/"; fi; \
+	  echo "$$d$$p"; echo "$$p"; \
+	done | \
+	sed -e 'n;s,.*/,,;p;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^5][0-9a-z]*$$,5,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,' | \
+	sed 'N;N;s,\n, ,g' | { \
+	list=; while read file base inst; do \
+	  if test "$$base" = "$$inst"; then list="$$list $$file"; else \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) '$$file' '$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)/$$inst'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) "$$file" "$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)/$$inst" || exit $$?; \
+	  fi; \
+	done; \
+	for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done | $(am__base_list) | \
+	while read files; do \
+	  test -z "$$files" || { \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files '$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files "$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)" || exit $$?; }; \
+	done; }
+
+uninstall-man5:
+	@$(NORMAL_UNINSTALL)
+	@list=''; test -n "$(man5dir)" || exit 0; \
+	files=`{ for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done; \
+	l2='$(man_MANS)'; for i in $$l2; do echo "$$i"; done | \
+	  sed -n '/\.5[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	} | sed -e 's,.*/,,;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^5][0-9a-z]*$$,5,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,'`; \
+	dir='$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)'; $(am__uninstall_files_from_dir)
+install-man8: $(man_MANS)
+	@$(NORMAL_INSTALL)
+	@list1=''; \
+	list2='$(man_MANS)'; \
+	test -n "$(man8dir)" \
+	  && test -n "`echo $$list1$$list2`" \
+	  || exit 0; \
+	echo " $(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)'"; \
+	$(MKDIR_P) "$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)" || exit 1; \
+	{ for i in $$list1; do echo "$$i"; done;  \
+	if test -n "$$list2"; then \
+	  for i in $$list2; do echo "$$i"; done \
+	    | sed -n '/\.8[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	fi; \
+	} | while read p; do \
+	  if test -f $$p; then d=; else d="$(srcdir)/"; fi; \
+	  echo "$$d$$p"; echo "$$p"; \
+	done | \
+	sed -e 'n;s,.*/,,;p;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^8][0-9a-z]*$$,8,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,' | \
+	sed 'N;N;s,\n, ,g' | { \
+	list=; while read file base inst; do \
+	  if test "$$base" = "$$inst"; then list="$$list $$file"; else \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) '$$file' '$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)/$$inst'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) "$$file" "$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)/$$inst" || exit $$?; \
+	  fi; \
+	done; \
+	for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done | $(am__base_list) | \
+	while read files; do \
+	  test -z "$$files" || { \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files '$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files "$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)" || exit $$?; }; \
+	done; }
+
+uninstall-man8:
+	@$(NORMAL_UNINSTALL)
+	@list=''; test -n "$(man8dir)" || exit 0; \
+	files=`{ for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done; \
+	l2='$(man_MANS)'; for i in $$l2; do echo "$$i"; done | \
+	  sed -n '/\.8[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	} | sed -e 's,.*/,,;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^8][0-9a-z]*$$,8,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,'`; \
+	dir='$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)'; $(am__uninstall_files_from_dir)
+tags TAGS:
+
+ctags CTAGS:
+
+cscope cscopelist:
+
+distdir: $(BUILT_SOURCES)
+	$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) distdir-am
+
+distdir-am: $(DISTFILES)
+	@srcdirstrip=`echo "$(srcdir)" | sed 's/[].[^$$\\*]/\\\\&/g'`; \
+	topsrcdirstrip=`echo "$(top_srcdir)" | sed 's/[].[^$$\\*]/\\\\&/g'`; \
+	list='$(DISTFILES)'; \
+	  dist_files=`for file in $$list; do echo $$file; done | \
+	  sed -e "s|^$$srcdirstrip/||;t" \
+	      -e "s|^$$topsrcdirstrip/|$(top_builddir)/|;t"`; \
+	case $$dist_files in \
+	  */*) $(MKDIR_P) `echo "$$dist_files" | \
+			   sed '/\//!d;s|^|$(distdir)/|;s,/[^/]*$$,,' | \
+			   sort -u` ;; \
+	esac; \
+	for file in $$dist_files; do \
+	  if test -f $$file || test -d $$file; then d=.; else d=$(srcdir); fi; \
+	  if test -d $$d/$$file; then \
+	    dir=`echo "/$$file" | sed -e 's,/[^/]*$$,,'`; \
+	    if test -d "$(distdir)/$$file"; then \
+	      find "$(distdir)/$$file" -type d ! -perm -700 -exec chmod u+rwx {} \;; \
+	    fi; \
+	    if test -d $(srcdir)/$$file && test $$d != $(srcdir); then \
+	      cp -fpR $(srcdir)/$$file "$(distdir)$$dir" || exit 1; \
+	      find "$(distdir)/$$file" -type d ! -perm -700 -exec chmod u+rwx {} \;; \
+	    fi; \
+	    cp -fpR $$d/$$file "$(distdir)$$dir" || exit 1; \
+	  else \
+	    test -f "$(distdir)/$$file" \
+	    || cp -p $$d/$$file "$(distdir)/$$file" \
+	    || exit 1; \
+	  fi; \
+	done
+check-am: all-am
+check: check-am
+all-am: Makefile $(MANS)
+installdirs:
+	for dir in "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)" "$(DESTDIR)$(man3dir)" "$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)" "$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)"; do \
+	  test -z "$$dir" || $(MKDIR_P) "$$dir"; \
+	done
+install: install-am
+install-exec: install-exec-am
+install-data: install-data-am
+uninstall: uninstall-am
+
+install-am: all-am
+	@$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) install-exec-am install-data-am
+
+installcheck: installcheck-am
+install-strip:
+	if test -z '$(STRIP)'; then \
+	  $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \
+	    install_sh_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG=-s \
+	      install; \
+	else \
+	  $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \
+	    install_sh_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG=-s \
+	    "INSTALL_PROGRAM_ENV=STRIPPROG='$(STRIP)'" install; \
+	fi
+mostlyclean-generic:
+
+clean-generic:
+	-test -z "$(CLEANFILES)" || rm -f $(CLEANFILES)
+
+distclean-generic:
+	-test -z "$(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES)" || rm -f $(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES)
+	-test . = "$(srcdir)" || test -z "$(CONFIG_CLEAN_VPATH_FILES)" || rm -f $(CONFIG_CLEAN_VPATH_FILES)
+
+maintainer-clean-generic:
+	@echo "This command is intended for maintainers to use"
+	@echo "it deletes files that may require special tools to rebuild."
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@clean-local:
+clean: clean-am
+
+clean-am: clean-generic clean-libtool clean-local mostlyclean-am
+
+distclean: distclean-am
+	-rm -f Makefile
+distclean-am: clean-am distclean-generic
+
+dvi: dvi-am
+
+dvi-am:
+
+html: html-am
+
+html-am:
+
+info: info-am
+
+info-am:
+
+install-data-am: install-man
+
+install-dvi: install-dvi-am
+
+install-dvi-am:
+
+install-exec-am:
+
+install-html: install-html-am
+
+install-html-am:
+
+install-info: install-info-am
+
+install-info-am:
+
+install-man: install-man1 install-man3 install-man5 install-man8
+
+install-pdf: install-pdf-am
+
+install-pdf-am:
+
+install-ps: install-ps-am
+
+install-ps-am:
+
+installcheck-am:
+
+maintainer-clean: maintainer-clean-am
+	-rm -f Makefile
+maintainer-clean-am: distclean-am maintainer-clean-generic
+
+mostlyclean: mostlyclean-am
+
+mostlyclean-am: mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool
+
+pdf: pdf-am
+
+pdf-am:
+
+ps: ps-am
+
+ps-am:
+
+uninstall-am: uninstall-man
+
+uninstall-man: uninstall-man1 uninstall-man3 uninstall-man5 \
+	uninstall-man8
+
+.MAKE: install-am install-strip
+
+.PHONY: all all-am check check-am clean clean-generic clean-libtool \
+	clean-local cscopelist-am ctags-am distclean distclean-generic \
+	distclean-libtool distdir dvi dvi-am html html-am info info-am \
+	install install-am install-data install-data-am install-dvi \
+	install-dvi-am install-exec install-exec-am install-html \
+	install-html-am install-info install-info-am install-man \
+	install-man1 install-man3 install-man5 install-man8 \
+	install-pdf install-pdf-am install-ps install-ps-am \
+	install-strip installcheck installcheck-am installdirs \
+	maintainer-clean maintainer-clean-generic mostlyclean \
+	mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool pdf pdf-am ps ps-am \
+	tags-am uninstall uninstall-am uninstall-man uninstall-man1 \
+	uninstall-man3 uninstall-man5 uninstall-man8
+
+.PRECIOUS: Makefile
+
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@config.xml: ../config.xml.in
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	$(MAKE) -C .. config.xml
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	cp ../config.xml $@
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@messages.mo: ../po/$(LANG).po
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	msgfmt ../po/$(LANG).po -o messages.mo
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@login.defs.d:
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	ln -sf ../login.defs.d login.defs.d
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@%.xml: ../%.xml messages.mo login.defs.d
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	if grep -q SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE $< ; then \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	    sed -e 's/^<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->/<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	else \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	    sed -e 's/^\(<!DOCTYPE .*docbookx.dtd"\)>/\1 [<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;]>/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	fi
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	itstool -d -l $(LANG) -m messages.mo -o . $@
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	sed -i 's:\(^<refentry .*\)>:\1 lang="$(LANG)">:' $@
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@%.xml-config: %.xml
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	if grep -q SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE $<; then \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@		sed -e 's/^<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->/<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	else \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@		sed -e 's/^\(<!DOCTYPE .*docbookx.dtd"\)>/\1 [<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;]>/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	fi
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man1/% man3/% man5/% man8/%: %.xml-config Makefile config.xml
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	$(XSLTPROC) --stringparam profile.condition "$(PAM_COND);$(SHADOWGRP_COND);$(TCB_COND);$(SHA_CRYPT_COND);$(SUBIDS_COND)" \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	            --param "man.authors.section.enabled" "0" \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	            --stringparam "man.output.base.dir" "" \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	            --param "man.output.in.separate.dir" "1" \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	            -nonet http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/manpages/profile-docbook.xsl $<
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@clean-local:
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	rm -rf man1 man3 man5 man8
+
+#$(man_MANS):
+#	@echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man8/grpconv.8 man8/grpunconv.8 man8/pwunconv.8: man8/pwconv.8
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man3/getspnam.3: man3/shadow.3
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man8/vigr.8: man8/vipw.8
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@$(man_MANS):
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@	@echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages
+
+# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
+# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
+.NOEXPORT:
diff --git a/man/pl/man1/chage.1 b/man/pl/man1/chage.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..920915a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man1/chage.1
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chage
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Polecenia użytkownik\('ow
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "CHAGE" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Polecenia użytkownik\('ow"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+chage \- zmiana informacji o terminie ważności has\(/la użytkownika
+.SH "STRESZCZENIE"
+.HP \w'\fBchage\fR\ 'u
+\fBchage\fR [\fIopcje\fR] \fILOGIN\fR
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change\&. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password\&.
+.SH "OPCJE"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchage\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-lastday\fR\ \&\fILAST_DAY\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last changed\&. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY\-MM\-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)\&. If the
+\fILAST_DAY\fR
+is set to
+\fI0\fR
+the user is forced to change his password on the next log on\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+Ustawia datę, począwszy od kt\('orej konto użytkownika nie będzie już dostępne\&.
+\fIDATA_WAŻN\fR
+jest liczbą dni od 1 stycznia 1970, od kt\('orej konto jest blokowane\&. Data może być też wyrażona w formacie RRRR\-MM\-DD (lub innej, powszechniej używanej w danym regionie)\&. Użytkownik, kt\('orego konto jest zablokowane musi skontaktować się z administratorem systemu zanim będzie m\('og\(/l z niego ponownie skorzystać\&.
+.sp
+For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 days:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+	    chage \-E $(date \-d +180days +%Y\-%m\-%d)
+	  
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+will remove an account expiration date\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-iso8601\fR
+.RS 4
+When printing dates, use YYYY\-MM\-DD format\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked\&. The
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+option is the number of days of inactivity\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as the
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+will remove an account\*(Aqs inactivity\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+Wyświetlenie informacji o terminach ważności konta i has\(/la\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
+\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid\&. When
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+plus
+\fILAST_DAY\fR
+is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account\&. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the
+\fB\-W\fR
+option, which provides the user with advance warning\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The
+\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If none of the options are selected,
+\fBchage\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of
+\fI[ ]\fR
+marks\&.
+.SH "UWAGI"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+program requires a shadow password file to be available\&.
+.PP
+The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password file\&. This implies that configuration from other sources (e\&.g\&. LDAP or empty password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user\*(Aqs login will not be shown in the chage output\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+program will also not report any inconsistency between the shadow and passwd files (e\&.g\&. missing x in the passwd file)\&. The
+\fBpwck\fR
+can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command is restricted to the root user, except for the
+\fB\-l\fR
+option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informacje chronione o użytkownikach\&.
+.RE
+.SH "KOD ZAKOŃCZENIA"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+permission denied
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI15\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt find the shadow password file
+.RE
+.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/pl/man1/chsh.1 b/man/pl/man1/chsh.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3097b56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man1/chsh.1
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chsh
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Polecenia użytkownik\('ow
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "CHSH" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Polecenia użytkownik\('ow"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+chsh \- zmiana pow\(/loki zg\(/loszeniowej
+.SH "STRESZCZENIE"
+.HP \w'\fBchsh\fR\ 'u
+\fBchsh\fR [\fIopcje\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR]
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchsh\fR
+command changes the user login shell\&. This determines the name of the user\*(Aqs initial login command\&. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account\&.
+.SH "OPCJE"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchsh\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+Nazwa nowej pow\(/loki (shell) użytkownika\&. Ustawienie tego pola na puste powoduje, że system wybierze domyślną pow\(/lokę logowania\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If the
+\fB\-s\fR
+option is not selected,
+\fBchsh\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell\&. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one\&. The current shell is displayed between a pair of
+\fI[ ]\fR
+marks\&.
+.SH "UWAGI"
+.PP
+The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must be listed in
+/etc/shells, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added\&. An account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell\&. For this reason, placing
+/bin/rsh
+in
+/etc/shells
+is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shells
+.RS 4
+Lista dozwolonych pow\(/lok zg\(/loszeniowych\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Konfiguracja pakietu shadow\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/pl/man1/expiry.1 b/man/pl/man1/expiry.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d5c76d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man1/expiry.1
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: expiry
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Polecenia użytkownik\('ow
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "EXPIRY" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Polecenia użytkownik\('ow"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+expiry \- sprawdzenie ważności i wymuszenie zmiany has\(/la
+.SH "STRESZCZENIE"
+.HP \w'\fBexpiry\fR\ 'u
+\fBexpiry\fR \fIoption\fR
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+The
+\fBexpiry\fR
+command checks (\fB\-c\fR) the current password expiration and forces (\fB\-f\fR) changes when required\&. It is callable as a normal user command\&.
+.SH "OPCJE"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBexpiry\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR
+.RS 4
+Check the password expiration of the current user\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+Force a password change if the current user has an expired password\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&.
+.RE
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informacje chronione o użytkownikach\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/pl/man1/groups.1 b/man/pl/man1/groups.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8adbf6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man1/groups.1
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groups
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Polecenia użytkownik\('ow
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPS" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Polecenia użytkownik\('ow"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+groups \- display current group names
+.SH "STRESZCZENIE"
+.HP \w'\fBgroups\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroups\fR [\fIuser\fR]
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroups\fR
+command displays the current group names or ID values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value\&. The optional
+\fIuser\fR
+parameter will display the groups for the named user\&.
+.SH "UWAGI"
+.PP
+Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)) will have the information from
+/etc/group
+reported\&. The user must use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+or
+\fBsg\fR
+to change his current real and effective group ID\&.
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)\&.
diff --git a/man/pl/man1/id.1 b/man/pl/man1/id.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b182dc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man1/id.1
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: id
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Polecenia użytkownik\('ow
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "ID" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Polecenia użytkownik\('ow"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+id \- display current user and group ID names
+.SH "STRESZCZENIE"
+.HP \w'\fBid\fR\ 'u
+\fBid\fR [\-a]
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+The
+\fBid\fR
+command displays the current real and effective user and group ID names or values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/passwd
+or
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed without the corresponding name\&. The optional
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag will display the group set on systems which support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3))\&.
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
+.PP
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)
diff --git a/man/pl/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/pl/man1/newgrp.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cde0f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man1/newgrp.1
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newgrp
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Polecenia użytkownik\('ow
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "NEWGRP" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Polecenia użytkownik\('ow"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+newgrp \- log in to a new group
+.SH "STRESZCZENIE"
+.HP \w'\fBnewgrp\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewgrp\fR [\-] [\fIgroup\fR]
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+command is used to change the current group ID during a login session\&. If the optional
+\fB\-\fR
+flag is given, the user\*(Aqs environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged\&.
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in
+/etc/passwd
+if no group name is given\&.
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+also tries to add the group to the user groupset\&. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in
+/etc/shadow
+if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in
+/etc/passwd
+otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password\&. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member\&.
+.PP
+If there is an entry for this group in
+/etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in
+/etc/group
+is considered\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informacje chronione o użytkownikach\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informacje chronione o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsg\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/pl/man1/sg.1 b/man/pl/man1/sg.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afcc14b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man1/sg.1
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: sg
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Polecenia użytkownik\('ow
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "SG" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Polecenia użytkownik\('ow"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+sg \- execute command as different group ID
+.SH "STRESZCZENIE"
+.HP \w'\fBsg\fR\ 'u
+\fBsg\fR [\-] [group\ [\-c\ ]\ command]
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsg\fR
+command works similar to
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+but accepts a command\&. The command will be executed with the
+/bin/sh
+shell\&. With most shells you may run
+\fBsg\fR
+from, you need to enclose multi\-word commands in quotes\&. Another difference between
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+and
+\fBsg\fR
+is that some shells treat
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+creates\&. This doesn\*(Aqt happen with
+\fBsg\fR, so upon exit from a
+\fBsg\fR
+command you are returned to your previous group ID\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informacje chronione o użytkownikach\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informacje chronione o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/pl/man3/getspnam.3 b/man/pl/man3/getspnam.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd473da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man3/getspnam.3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man3/shadow.3
diff --git a/man/pl/man3/shadow.3 b/man/pl/man3/shadow.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e935d42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man3/shadow.3
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: shadow
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Library Calls
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "SHADOW" "3" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Library Calls"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+shadow, getspnam \- encrypted password file routines
+.SH "SK\(/LADNIA"
+.PP
+\fI#include <shadow\&.h>\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *getspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *getspnam(char\fR
+\fI*name\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIvoid setspent()\fR
+.PP
+\fIvoid endspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *fgetspent(FILE\fR
+\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *sgetspent(char\fR
+\fI*cp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIint putspent(struct spwd\fR
+\fI*p,\fR
+\fIFILE\fR
+\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIint lckpwdf();\fR
+.PP
+\fIint ulckpwdf();\fR
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+\fIshadow\fR
+manipulates the contents of the shadow password file,
+/etc/shadow\&. The structure in the
+\fI#include\fR
+file is:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct spwd {
+      char		*sp_namp; /* user login name */
+      char		*sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */
+      long int		sp_lstchg; /* last password change */
+      long int		sp_min; /* days until change allowed\&. */
+      long int		sp_max; /* days before change required */
+      long int		sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */
+      long int		sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */
+      long int		sp_expire; /* date when account expires */
+      unsigned long int	sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */
+}
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+The meanings of each field are:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_namp \- pointer to null\-terminated user name
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_pwdp \- pointer to null\-terminated password
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_lstchg \- days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_min \- days before which password may not be changed
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_max \- days after which password must be changed
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_warn \- days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending password expiration
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_inact \- days after password expires that account is considered inactive and disabled
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_expire \- days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_flag \- reserved for future use
+.RE
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+\fIgetspent\fR,
+\fIgetspname\fR,
+\fIfgetspent\fR, and
+\fIsgetspent\fR
+each return a pointer to a
+\fIstruct spwd\fR\&.
+\fIgetspent\fR
+returns the next entry from the file, and
+\fIfgetspent\fR
+returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format\&.
+\fIsgetspent\fR
+returns a pointer to a
+\fIstruct spwd\fR
+using the provided string as input\&.
+\fIgetspnam\fR
+searches from the current position in the file for an entry matching
+\fIname\fR\&.
+.PP
+\fIsetspent\fR
+and
+\fIendspent\fR
+may be used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+and
+\fIulckpwdf\fR
+routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the
+/etc/shadow
+file\&.
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+attempts to acquire a lock using
+\fIpw_lock\fR
+for up to 15 seconds\&. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using
+\fIspw_lock\fR
+for the remainder of the initial 15 seconds\&. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds,
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+returns \-1\&. When both locks are acquired 0 is returned\&.
+.SH "DIAGNOSTYKA"
+.PP
+Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing\&. Routines which have
+\fIint\fR
+as the return value return 0 for success and \-1 for failure\&.
+.SH "OSTRZEŻENIA"
+.PP
+These routines may only be used by the superuser as access to the shadow password file is restricted\&.
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informacje chronione o użytkownikach\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
+.PP
+\fBgetpwent\fR(3),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/pl/man5/faillog.5 b/man/pl/man5/faillog.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cab3443
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man5/faillog.5
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual:  File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "FAILLOG" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuratio"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+faillog \- login failure logging file
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account\&.
+.PP
+The file contains fixed length records, indexed by numerical UID\&. Each record contains the count of login failures since the last successful login; the maximum number of failures before the account is disabled; the line on which the last login failure occurred; the date of the last login failure; and the duration (in seconds) during which the account will be locked after a failure\&.
+.PP
+Struktura tego pliku to:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct	faillog {
+	short   fail_cnt;
+	short   fail_max;
+	char    fail_line[12];
+	time_t  fail_time;
+	long    fail_locktime;
+};
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+Failure logging file\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR(8)
diff --git a/man/pl/man5/porttime.5 b/man/pl/man5/porttime.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ad1b3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man5/porttime.5
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: porttime
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "PORTTIME" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+porttime \- port access time file
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+\fIporttime\fR
+contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted login times\&.
+.PP
+Each entry consists of three colon separated fields\&. The first field is a comma separated list of tty devices, or an asterisk to indicate that all tty devices are matched by this entry\&. The second field is a comma separated list of user names, or an asterisk to indicated that all user names are matched by this entry\&. The third field is a comma separated list of permitted access times\&.
+.PP
+Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, abbreviated
+\fISu\fR,
+\fIMo\fR,
+\fITu\fR,
+\fIWe\fR,
+\fITh\fR,
+\fIFr\fR, and
+\fISa\fR, followed by a pair of times separated by a hyphen\&. The abbreviation
+\fIWk\fR
+may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and
+\fIAl\fR
+may be used to indicate every day\&. If no days are given,
+\fIAl\fR
+is assumed\&.
+.SH "PRZYK\(/LADY"
+.PP
+The following entry allows access to user
+\fBjfh\fR
+on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm\&.
+.PP
+*:jfh:Wk0900\-1700
+.PP
+The following entries allow access only to the users
+\fIroot\fR
+and
+\fIoper\fR
+on
+/dev/console
+at any time\&. This illustrates how the
+/etc/porttime
+file is an ordered list of access times\&. Any other user would match the second entry which does not permit access at any time\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      console:root,oper:Al0000\-2400
+      console:*:
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+The following entry allows access for the user
+\fIgames\fR
+on any port during non\-working hours\&.
+.PP
+*:games:Wk1700\-0900,SaSu0000\-2400
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+Plik zawierający ustawienia dostępu do port\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/pl/man8/faillog.8 b/man/pl/man8/faillog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b70d9f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man8/faillog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "FAILLOG" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+faillog \- display faillog records or set login failure limits
+.SH "STRESZCZENIE"
+.HP \w'\fBfaillog\fR\ 'u
+\fBfaillog\fR [\fIopcje\fR]
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+displays the contents of the failure log database (/var/log/faillog)\&. It can also set the failure counters and limits\&. When
+\fBfaillog\fR
+is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure\&.
+.SH "OPCJE"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBfaillog\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+.RS 4
+Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the
+faillog
+database\&.
+.sp
+The range of users can be restricted with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&.
+.sp
+In display mode, this is still restricted to existing users but forces the display of the faillog entries even if they are empty\&.
+.sp
+With the
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR,
+\fB\-r\fR,
+\fB\-t\fR
+options, the users\*(Aq records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the system\&. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of users\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\-secs\fR\ \&\fISEC\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock account for
+\fISEC\fR
+seconds after failed login\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-maximum\fR\ \&\fIMAX\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to
+\fIMAX\fR\&.
+.sp
+Selecting a
+\fIMAX\fR
+value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed logins\&.
+.sp
+The maximum failure count should always be 0 for
+\fIroot\fR
+to prevent a denial of services attack against the system\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reset\fR
+.RS 4
+Reset the counters of login failures\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Display faillog records more recent than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR
+.RS 4
+Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used with
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR
+or
+\fB\-r\fR
+options) only for the specified user(s)\&.
+.sp
+The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users\&. This
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+When none of the
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-r\fR
+options are used,
+\fBfaillog\fR
+displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)\&.
+.SH "OSTRZEŻENIA"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+only prints out users with no successful login since the last failure\&. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+flag, or print out all users with the
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag\&.
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+Failure logging file\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBfaillog\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/pl/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/pl/man8/groupadd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e715fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man8/groupadd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupadd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPADD" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+groupadd \- utw\('orz nową grupę
+.SH "STRESZCZENIE"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupadd\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupadd\fR [\fIOPCJE\fR] \fINEWGROUP\fR
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the groupname\&. Fully numeric groupnames and groupnames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long\&.
+.SH "OPCJE"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists\&. When used with
+\fB\-g\fR, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i\&.e\&.
+\fB\-g\fR
+is turned off)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+The numerical value of the group\*(Aqs ID\&.
+\fIGID\fR
+must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to
+\fBGID_MIN\fR
+and greater than every other group\&.
+.sp
+See also the
+\fB\-r\fR
+option and the
+\fBGID_MAX\fR
+description\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR
+.RS 4
+Overrides
+/etc/login\&.defs
+defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others)\&. Multiple
+\fB\-K\fR
+options can be specified\&.
+.sp
+Example:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \&
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+.sp
+Note:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+doesn\*(Aqt work yet\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID\&. As a result, for this
+\fIGID\fR, the mapping towards group
+\fINEWGROUP\fR
+may not be unique\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines an initial password for the group account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths system account file
+/etc/group
+or
+/etc/gshadow\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+You should make sure the password respects the system\*(Aqs password policy\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Create a system group\&.
+.sp
+The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBGID_MIN\fR\-\fBGID_MAX\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informacje chronione o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Konfiguracja pakietu shadow\&.
+.RE
+.SH "OSTRZEŻENIA"
+.PP
+You may not add a NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&.
+.PP
+If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP,
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+will deny the group creation request\&.
+.SH "KOD ZAKOŃCZENIA"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+GID is already used (when called without
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+group name is already used
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/pl/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/pl/man8/groupdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3febfce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man8/groupdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPDEL" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+groupdel \- delete a group
+.SH "STRESZCZENIE"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupdel\fR [\fIopcje\fR] \fIGRUPA\fR
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to
+\fIGROUP\fR\&. The named group must exist\&.
+.SH "OPCJE"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the group, even if there\*(Aqs some user having the group as the primary one\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.SH "OSTRZEŻENIA"
+.PP
+You may not remove the primary group of any existing user\&. You must remove the user before you remove the group\&.
+.PP
+You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain owned by this group\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informacje chronione o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.SH "KOD ZAKOŃCZENIA"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove user\*(Aqs primary group
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/pl/man8/groupmems.8 b/man/pl/man8/groupmems.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b309eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man8/groupmems.8
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmems
+.\"    Author: George Kraft, IV
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPMEMS" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+groupmems \- administer members of a user\*(Aqs primary group
+.SH "STRESZCZENIE"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmems\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmems\fR \-a\ \fIuser_name\fR | \-d\ \fIuser_name\fR | [\-g\ \fIgroup_name\fR] | \-l | \-p 
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+command allows a user to administer their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges\&. The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i\&.e\&., guest / guest)\&.
+.PP
+Only the superuser, as administrator, can use
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+to alter the memberships of other groups\&.
+.SH "OPCJE"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a user to the group membership list\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Delete a user from the group membership list\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, the user will be removed from the list of members and administrators of the group\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR\ \&\fIgroup_name\fR
+.RS 4
+The superuser can specify which group membership list to modify\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+List the group membership list\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-purge\fR
+.RS 4
+Purge all users from the group membership list\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SETUP"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+executable should be in mode
+2710
+as user
+\fIroot\fR
+and in group
+\fIgroups\fR\&. The system administrator can add users to group
+\fIgroups\fR
+to allow or disallow them using the
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+utility to manage their own group membership list\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+	$ groupadd \-r groups
+	$ chmod 2710 groupmems
+	$ chown root\&.groups groupmems
+	$ groupmems \-g groups \-a gk4
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+secure group account information
+.RE
+.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/pl/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/pl/man8/groupmod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53c4e0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man8/groupmod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPMOD" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+groupmod \- modyfikuj definicję grupy systemowej
+.SH "STRESZCZENIE"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmod\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmod\fR [\fIopcje\fR] \fIGRUPA\fR
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command modifies the definition of the specified
+\fIGROUP\fR
+by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database\&.
+.SH "OPCJE"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+If group members are specified with \-U, append them to the existing member list, rather than replacing it\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+The group ID of the given
+\fIGROUP\fR
+will be changed to
+\fIGID\fR\&.
+.sp
+The value of
+\fIGID\fR
+must be a non\-negative decimal integer\&. This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&.
+.sp
+Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to keep the group as their primary group\&.
+.sp
+Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to
+\fIGROUP\fR, must have their group ID changed manually\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to the
+\fBGID_MIN\fR,
+\fBGID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR, or
+\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-new\-name\fR\ \&\fINEW_GROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the group will be changed from
+\fIGROUP\fR
+to
+\fINEW_GROUP\fR
+name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+When used with the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option, allow to change the group
+\fIGID\fR
+to a non\-unique value\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+The encrypted password, as returned by
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+You should make sure the password respects the system\*(Aqs password policy\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informacje chronione o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Konfiguracja pakietu shadow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.SH "KOD ZAKOŃCZENIA"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+E_SUCCESS: success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+E_USAGE: invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GRP_UPDATE: can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI11\fR
+.RS 4
+E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can\*(Aqt setup cleanup service
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_USERNAME: can\*(Aqt determine your username for use with pam
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI13\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message
+.RE
+.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/pl/man8/grpck.8 b/man/pl/man8/grpck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a37d171
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man8/grpck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: grpck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "GRPCK" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+grpck \- verify integrity of group files
+.SH "STRESZCZENIE"
+.HP \w'\fBgrpck\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpck\fR [opcje] [\fIgroup\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]]
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command verifies the integrity of the groups information\&. It checks that all entries in
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&.
+.PP
+Checks are made to verify that each entry has:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+the correct number of fields
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a unique and valid group name
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid group identifier
+(/etc/group only)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid list of members
+and administrators
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a corresponding entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file (respectively
+/etc/group
+for the
+gshadow
+checks)
+.RE
+.PP
+The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal\&. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command to correct the error\&.
+.PP
+The commands which operate on the
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow files
+are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&.
+\fBgrpck\fR
+should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries\&.
+.SH "OPCJE"
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR
+and
+\fB\-s\fR
+options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Execute the
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command in read\-only mode\&. This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered
+\fIno\fR
+without user intervention\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Sort entries in
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+by GID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-silence\-warnings\fR
+.RS 4
+Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about inconsistency between group members listed in
+/etc/group
+and
+/etc/ghadow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+By default,
+\fBgrpck\fR
+operates on
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the
+\fIgroup\fR
+and \fIshadow\fR parameters\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informacje chronione o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.SH "KOD ZAKOŃCZENIA"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+one or more bad group entries
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt open group files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt lock group files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group files
+.RE
+.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/pl/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/pl/man8/lastlog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..540c5e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man8/lastlog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: lastlog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "LASTLOG" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+lastlog \- wyświetla informacje o ostanim logowaniu dla wybranego lub wszystkich użytkowanik\('ow
+.SH "STRESZCZENIE"
+.HP \w'\fBlastlog\fR\ 'u
+\fBlastlog\fR [\fIopcje\fR]
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+\fBlastlog\fR
+formats and prints the contents of the last login log
+/var/log/lastlog
+file\&. The
+\fIlogin\-name\fR,
+\fIport\fR, and
+\fIlast login time\fR
+will be printed\&. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in
+/etc/passwd\&.
+.SH "OPCJE"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBlastlog\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-before\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Print only lastlog records older than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-clear\fR
+.RS 4
+Clear lastlog record of a user\&. This option can be used only together with
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-set\fR
+.RS 4
+Set lastlog record of a user to the current time\&. This option can be used only together with
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Print the lastlog records more recent than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR
+.RS 4
+Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s)\&.
+.sp
+The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users\&. This
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If the user has never logged in the message
+\fI** Never logged in**\fR
+will be displayed instead of the port and time\&.
+.PP
+Only the entries for the current users of the system will be displayed\&. Other entries may exist for users that were deleted previously\&.
+.SH "UWAGI"
+.PP
+The
+lastlog
+file is a database which contains info on the last login of each user\&. You should not rotate it\&. It is a sparse file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by "\fBls \-l\fR" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in
+passwd
+users with a high UID)\&. You can display its real size with "\fBls \-s\fR"\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/var/log/lastlog
+.RS 4
+Baza danych ostatnich logowań użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.SH "OSTRZEŻENIA"
+.PP
+Duże luki w numeracji UID powodują, że program będzie pracowa\(/l d\(/lużej, nie wyświetlając wynik\('ow (np\&. jeśli w bazie lastlog nie ma wpis\('ow dla o UID pomiedzy 170, a 800, to program będzie sprawia\(/l wrażenie zawieszonego w trakcie przetwarzania wpis\('ow dla użytkowanik\('o\(/l o UID 171\-799)\&.
+.PP
+Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the
+<term> /var/log/lastlog</term>
+with external tools\&. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by default and may require a specific option to handle them\&.
diff --git a/man/pl/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/pl/man8/logoutd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..488ddbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man8/logoutd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: logoutd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "LOGOUTD" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+logoutd \- wymuszenie ograniczeń czasu logowania
+.SH "STRESZCZENIE"
+.HP \w'\fBlogoutd\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in
+/etc/porttime\&.
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+should be started from
+/etc/rc\&. The
+/var/run/utmp
+file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time\&. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in
+/etc/porttime
+is terminated\&.
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+Plik zawierający ustawienia dostępu do port\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/var/run/utmp
+.RS 4
+List bieżących sesji pracy\&.
+.RE
diff --git a/man/pl/man8/userdel.8 b/man/pl/man8/userdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4173329
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man8/userdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: userdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "USERDEL" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+userdel \- plik chroniony informacji o użytkownikach
+.SH "STRESZCZENIE"
+.HP \w'\fBuserdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBuserdel\fR [opcje] \fILOGIN\fR
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name
+\fILOGIN\fR\&. The named user must exist\&.
+.SH "OPCJE"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is still logged in\&. It also forces
+\fBuserdel\fR
+to remove the user\*(Aqs home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user\&. If
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+is defined to
+\fIyes\fR
+in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+and if a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user\&.
+.sp
+\fINote:\fR
+This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+Files in the user\*(Aqs home directory will be removed along with the home directory itself and the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. Files located in other file systems will have to be searched for and deleted manually\&.
+.sp
+The mail spool is defined by the
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
+variable in the
+login\&.defs
+file\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user\*(Aqs login\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Konfiguracja pakietu shadow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informacje chronione o użytkownikach\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-post\&.d/*
+.RS 4
+Run\-part files to execute during user deletion\&. The environment variable
+\fBACTION\fR
+will be populated with
+\fBuserdel\fR
+and
+\fBSUBJECT\fR
+with the username\&.
+userdel\-pre\&.d
+will be executed prior to any user deletion\&.
+userdel\-post\&.d
+will execute after user deletion\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "KOD ZAKOŃCZENIA"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified user doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+user currently logged in
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove home directory
+.RE
+.SH "OSTRZEŻENIA"
+.PP
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will not allow you to remove an account if there are running processes which belong to this account\&. In that case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user\*(Aqs password or account and remove the account later\&. The
+\fB\-f\fR
+option can force the deletion of this account\&.
+.PP
+You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain owned by this user\&.
+.PP
+You may not remove any NIS attributes on a NIS client\&. This must be performed on the NIS server\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+is defined to
+\fIyes\fR
+in
+/etc/login\&.defs,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will delete the group with the same name as the user\&. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise\&. The
+\fB\-f\fR
+option can force the deletion of this group\&.
+.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/pl/man8/usermod.8 b/man/pl/man8/usermod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7e1c00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man8/usermod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: usermod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "USERMOD" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+usermod \- zmiana danych konta użytkownika
+.SH "STRESZCZENIE"
+.HP \w'\fBusermod\fR\ 'u
+\fBusermod\fR [\fIopcje\fR] \fILOGIN\fR
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+The
+\fBusermod\fR
+command modifies the system account files\&.
+.SH "OPCJE"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBusermod\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR
+.RS 4
+Add the user to the supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the
+\fB\-G\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-badname\fR
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR
+.RS 4
+update the comment field of the user in
+/etc/passwd, which is normally modified using the
+\fBchfn\fR(1)
+utility\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The user\*(Aqs new login directory\&.
+.sp
+If the
+\fB\-m\fR
+option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format
+\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. Integers as input are interpreted as days after 1970\-01\-01\&.
+.sp
+An input of \-1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in the shadow password file\&. The account will remain available with no date limit\&.
+.sp
+This option requires a
+/etc/shadow
+file\&. A
+/etc/shadow
+entry will be created if there were none\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password\&. This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)
+for more information\&.
+.sp
+This option requires a
+/etc/shadow
+file\&. A
+/etc/shadow
+entry will be created if there were none\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name or numerical ID of the user\*(Aqs new primary group\&. The group must exist\&.
+.sp
+Any file from the user\*(Aqs home directory owned by the previous primary group of the user will be owned by this new group\&.
+.sp
+The group ownership of files outside of the user\*(Aqs home directory must be fixed manually\&.
+.sp
+The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as
+/\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]]
+.RS 4
+A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups must exist\&.
+.sp
+If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group\&. This behaviour can be changed via the
+\fB\-a\fR
+option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR\ \&\fINEW_LOGIN\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the user will be changed from
+\fILOGIN\fR
+to
+\fINEW_LOGIN\fR\&. Nothing else is changed\&. In particular, the user\*(Aqs home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This puts a \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
+\fB\-p\fR
+or
+\fB\-U\fR\&.
+.sp
+Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+to
+\fI1\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-move\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+moves the content of the user\*(Aqs home directory to the new location\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-d\fR
+(or
+\fB\-\-home\fR) option\&.
+.sp
+\fBusermod\fR
+will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+allows to change the user ID to a non\-unique value\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines a new password for the user\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+Avoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+You should make sure the password respects the system\*(Aqs password policy\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the user from named supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the
+\fB\-G\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes within the directory tree starting with
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+and use as well the configuration files located there\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+changes the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field in
+/etc/passwd
+and logs the user into the system\*(Aqs default shell\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR
+.RS 4
+The new value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&.
+.sp
+This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&.
+.sp
+The user\*(Aqs mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are located in the user\*(Aqs home directory will have the file user ID changed automatically\&.
+.sp
+The ownership of files outside of the user\*(Aqs home directory must be fixed manually\&.
+.sp
+The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as
+/\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to the
+\fBUID_MIN\fR,
+\fBUID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR, or
+\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
+.RS 4
+Unlock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This removes the \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
+\fB\-p\fR
+or
+\fB\-L\fR\&.
+.sp
+Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+(for example to
+\fI99999\fR, or to the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+value from
+/etc/default/useradd)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a range of subordinate uids to the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both
+\fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR
+are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a range of subordinate gids to the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both
+\fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR
+are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the SELinux user to be mapped with
+\fILOGIN\fR\&. An empty string ("") will remove the respective entry (if any)\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses semanage(8) for that\&.
+.RE
+.SH "OSTRZEŻENIA"
+.PP
+You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user\*(Aqs numerical user ID, the user\*(Aqs name, or the user\*(Aqs home directory is being changed\&.
+\fBusermod\fR
+checks this on Linux\&. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in\&.
+.PP
+You must change the owner of any
+\fBcrontab\fR
+files or
+\fBat\fR
+jobs manually\&.
+.PP
+You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS server\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account informatio\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs
+.RE
+.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/pl/man8/vigr.8 b/man/pl/man8/vigr.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff72d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man8/vigr.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/vipw.8
diff --git a/man/pl/man8/vipw.8 b/man/pl/man8/vipw.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3836968
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pl/man8/vipw.8
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: vipw
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Polish
+.\"
+.TH "VIPW" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAZWA"
+vipw, vigr \- edytuj plik hase\(/l, grup lub ich wersji chronionych
+.SH "STRESZCZENIE"
+.HP \w'\fBvipw\fR\ 'u
+\fBvipw\fR [\fIopcje\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBvigr\fR\ 'u
+\fBvigr\fR [\fIopcje\fR]
+.SH "OPIS"
+.PP
+The
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands edits the files
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/group, respectively\&. With the
+\fB\-s\fR
+flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files,
+/etc/shadow
+and
+/etc/gshadow, respectively\&. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption\&. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable
+\fB$VISUAL\fR, then the environment variable
+\fB$EDITOR\fR, and finally the default editor,
+\fBvi\fR(1)\&.
+.SH "OPCJE"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands are:
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Edycja bazy grup\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR
+.RS 4
+Edycja bazy passwd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Cichy tryb pracy\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR
+.RS 4
+Edycja bazy shadow lub gshadow\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
+.PP
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+.RS 4
+Editor to be used\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBEDITOR\fR
+.RS 4
+Editor to be used if
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+is not set\&.
+.RE
+.SH "PLIKI"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informacje chronione o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informacje chronione o użytkownikach\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
+.PP
+\fBvi\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5)
+,
+\fBpasswd\fR(5), ,
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/po/LINGUAS b/man/po/LINGUAS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d87c11e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/po/LINGUAS
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# LINGUAS
+
+LINGUAS = da de fr it pl ru sv uk zh_CN
+
+# These variables are generated based on the LINGUAS list
+POFILES = $(patsubst %,$(srcdir)/%.po,$(LINGUAS))
+UPDATEPOFILES = $(patsubst %,%.po-update,$(LINGUAS))
+DUMMYPOFILES = $(patsubst %,%.nop,$(LINGUAS))
diff --git a/man/po/Makefile.in b/man/po/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f194957
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/po/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+# Makefile for PO directory in any package using GNU gettext.
+# Copyright (C) 1995-1997, 2000-2006 by Ulrich Drepper <drepper@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+#
+# This file can be copied and used freely without restrictions.  It can
+# be used in projects which are not available under the GNU General Public
+# License but which still want to provide support for the GNU gettext
+# functionality.
+# Please note that the actual code of GNU gettext is covered by the GNU
+# General Public License and is *not* in the public domain.
+#
+# Origin: gettext-0.16
+# Modified to handle translations with xml2po by Nicolas François - 2007
+
+PACKAGE = @PACKAGE@
+VERSION = @VERSION@
+PACKAGE_BUGREPORT = @PACKAGE_BUGREPORT@
+
+SHELL = /bin/sh
+@SET_MAKE@
+
+srcdir = @srcdir@
+top_srcdir = @top_srcdir@
+VPATH = @srcdir@
+
+MSGFMT_ = @MSGFMT@
+MSGFMT_no = @MSGFMT@
+MSGFMT_yes = @MSGFMT_015@
+MSGFMT = $(MSGFMT_$(USE_MSGCTXT))
+XGETTEXT_ = @XGETTEXT@
+XGETTEXT_no = @XGETTEXT@
+XGETTEXT_yes = @XGETTEXT_015@
+XGETTEXT = $(XGETTEXT_$(USE_MSGCTXT))
+MSGMERGE = @MSGMERGE@ --previous
+MSGMERGE_UPDATE = @MSGMERGE@ --update --previous
+MSGINIT = msginit
+MSGCONV = msgconv
+MSGFILTER = msgfilter
+
+include $(srcdir)/LINGUAS
+DISTFILES = $(srcdir)/Makevars $(srcdir)/XMLFILES $(srcdir)/LINGUAS $(POFILES)
+
+include $(srcdir)/XMLFILES
+
+include $(srcdir)/Makevars
+
+.SUFFIXES:
+.SUFFIXES: .po .sed .sin .nop .po-create .po-update
+
+remove-potcdate.sin: $(top_srcdir)/po/remove-potcdate.sin
+	cp $? $@
+
+.sin.sed:
+	sed -e '/^#/d' $< > t-$@
+	mv t-$@ $@
+
+all: all-yes
+
+all-yes: stamp-po
+all-no:
+
+# $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot is only created when needed. When xgettext finds no
+# internationalized messages, no $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot is created (because
+# we don't want to bother translators with empty POT files). We assume that
+# LINGUAS is empty in this case, i.e. $(POFILES) and $(GMOFILES) are empty.
+# In this case, stamp-po is a nop (i.e. a phony target).
+
+# stamp-po is a timestamp denoting the last time at which the CATALOGS have
+# been loosely updated. Its purpose is that when a developer or translator
+# checks out the package via CVS, and the $(DOMAIN).pot file is not in CVS,
+# "make" will update the $(DOMAIN).pot and the $(CATALOGS), but subsequent
+# invocations of "make" will do nothing. This timestamp would not be necessary
+# if updating the $(CATALOGS) would always touch them; however, the rule for
+# $(POFILES) has been designed to not touch files that don't need to be
+# changed.
+stamp-po: $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot
+	@test ! -f $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot || { \
+	  echo "touch stamp-po" && \
+	  echo timestamp > stamp-poT && \
+	  mv stamp-poT stamp-po; \
+	}
+
+# Note: Target 'all' must not depend on target '$(DOMAIN).pot-update',
+# otherwise packages like GCC can not be built if only parts of the source
+# have been downloaded.
+
+# This target rebuilds $(DOMAIN).pot; it is an expensive operation.
+# Note that $(DOMAIN).pot is not touched if it doesn't need to be changed.
+# TODO: set MSGID_BUGS_ADDRESS, COPYRIGHT_HOLDER
+$(DOMAIN).pot-update: $(XMLFILES) $(srcdir)/XMLFILES remove-potcdate.sed
+	@set -e; tmpdir=`pwd`; \
+	echo "cd $(top_srcdir)/man"; \
+	cd $(top_srcdir)/man; \
+	files=""; \
+	for file in $(notdir $(XMLFILES)); do \
+		if grep -q SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE $$file ; then \
+			sed -e 's/^<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->/<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;/' $$file > $$file.out; \
+		else \
+			sed -e 's/^\(<!DOCTYPE .*docbookx.dtd"\)>/\1 [<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;]>/' $$file > $$file.out; \
+		fi; \
+		files="$$files $$file.out"; \
+	done; \
+	itstool -d -o $$tmpdir/$(DOMAIN).po $$files; \
+	cd $$tmpdir; \
+	test ! -f $(DOMAIN).po || { \
+	  if test -f $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot; then \
+	    sed -f remove-potcdate.sed < $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot > $(DOMAIN).1po && \
+	    sed -f remove-potcdate.sed < $(DOMAIN).po > $(DOMAIN).2po && \
+	    if cmp $(DOMAIN).1po $(DOMAIN).2po >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+	      rm -f $(DOMAIN).1po $(DOMAIN).2po $(DOMAIN).po; \
+	    else \
+	      rm -f $(DOMAIN).1po $(DOMAIN).2po $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot && \
+	      mv $(DOMAIN).po $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot; \
+	    fi; \
+	  else \
+	    mv $(DOMAIN).po $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot; \
+	  fi; \
+	}
+
+# This rule has no dependencies: we don't need to update $(DOMAIN).pot at
+# every "make" invocation, only create it when it is missing.
+# Only "make $(DOMAIN).pot-update" or "make dist" will force an update.
+$(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot:
+	$(MAKE) $(DOMAIN).pot-update
+
+# This target rebuilds a PO file if $(DOMAIN).pot has changed.
+# Note that a PO file is not touched if it doesn't need to be changed.
+$(POFILES): $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot
+	@lang=`echo $@ | sed -e 's,.*/,,' -e 's/\.po$$//'`; \
+	if test -f "$(srcdir)/$${lang}.po"; then \
+	  test "$(srcdir)" = . && cdcmd="" || cdcmd="cd $(srcdir) && "; \
+	  echo "$${cdcmd}$(MSGMERGE_UPDATE) $${lang}.po $(DOMAIN).pot"; \
+	  cd $(srcdir) && $(MSGMERGE_UPDATE) $${lang}.po $(DOMAIN).pot; \
+	else \
+	  $(MAKE) $${lang}.po-create; \
+	fi
+
+
+install: install-exec install-data
+install-exec:
+install-data:
+
+install-strip: install
+
+installdirs: installdirs-exec installdirs-data
+installdirs-exec:
+installdirs-data:
+
+# Define this as empty until I found a useful application.
+installcheck:
+
+uninstall: uninstall-exec uninstall-data
+uninstall-exec:
+uninstall-data:
+
+check: all
+
+info dvi ps pdf html tags TAGS ctags CTAGS ID:
+
+mostlyclean:
+	rm -f remove-potcdate.sed remove-potcdate.sin
+	rm -f stamp-poT
+	rm -f core core.* $(DOMAIN).po $(DOMAIN).1po $(DOMAIN).2po *.new.po
+
+clean: mostlyclean
+
+distclean: clean
+	rm -f Makefile
+
+maintainer-clean: distclean
+	@echo "This command is intended for maintainers to use;"
+	@echo "it deletes files that may require special tools to rebuild."
+	rm -f stamp-po
+
+distdir = $(top_builddir)/$(PACKAGE)-$(VERSION)/$(subdir)
+dist distdir:
+	$(MAKE) update-po
+	@$(MAKE) dist2
+# This is a separate target because 'update-po' must be executed before.
+dist2: stamp-po $(DISTFILES)
+	dists="$(DISTFILES)"; \
+	if test -f $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot; then \
+	  dists="$$dists $(DOMAIN).pot stamp-po"; \
+	fi; \
+	if test -f $(srcdir)/ChangeLog; then \
+	  dists="$$dists ChangeLog"; \
+	fi; \
+	for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9; do \
+	  if test -f $(srcdir)/ChangeLog.$$i; then \
+	    dists="$$dists ChangeLog.$$i"; \
+	  fi; \
+	done; \
+	for file in $$dists; do \
+	  if test -f $$file; then \
+	    cp -p $$file $(distdir) || exit 1; \
+	  else \
+	    cp -p $(srcdir)/$$file $(distdir) || exit 1; \
+	  fi; \
+	done
+
+update-po: Makefile
+	$(MAKE) $(DOMAIN).pot-update
+	test -z "$(UPDATEPOFILES)" || $(MAKE) $(UPDATEPOFILES)
+
+# General rule for creating PO files.
+
+.nop.po-create:
+	@lang=`echo $@ | sed -e 's/\.po-create$$//'`; \
+	echo "File $$lang.po does not exist. If you are a translator, you can create it through 'msginit'." 1>&2; \
+	exit 1
+
+# General rule for updating PO files.
+
+.nop.po-update:
+	@lang=`echo $@ | sed -e 's/\.po-update$$//'`; \
+	tmpdir=`pwd`; \
+	echo "$$lang:"; \
+	test "$(srcdir)" = . && cdcmd="" || cdcmd="cd $(srcdir) && "; \
+	echo "$${cdcmd}$(MSGMERGE) $$lang.po $(DOMAIN).pot -o $$lang.new.po"; \
+	cd $(srcdir); \
+	if $(MSGMERGE) $$lang.po $(DOMAIN).pot -o $$tmpdir/$$lang.new.po; then \
+	  if cmp $$lang.po $$tmpdir/$$lang.new.po >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+	    rm -f $$tmpdir/$$lang.new.po; \
+	  else \
+	    if mv -f $$tmpdir/$$lang.new.po $$lang.po; then \
+	      :; \
+	    else \
+	      echo "msgmerge for $$lang.po failed: cannot move $$tmpdir/$$lang.new.po to $$lang.po" 1>&2; \
+	      exit 1; \
+	    fi; \
+	  fi; \
+	else \
+	  echo "msgmerge for $$lang.po failed!" 1>&2; \
+	  rm -f $$tmpdir/$$lang.new.po; \
+	fi
+
+$(DUMMYPOFILES):
+
+.PRECIOUS: Makefile
+Makefile: $(srcdir)/Makefile.in $(top_builddir)/config.status
+	@case '$?' in \
+	  *config.status*) \
+	    cd $(top_builddir) && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) am--refresh;; \
+	  *) \
+	    echo ' cd $(top_builddir) && $(SHELL) ./config.status $(subdir)/$@ $(am__depfiles_maybe)'; \
+	    cd $(top_builddir) && $(SHELL) ./config.status $(subdir)/$@ $(am__depfiles_maybe);; \
+	esac;
+
+$(top_builddir)/config.status: $(top_srcdir)/configure $(CONFIG_STATUS_DEPENDENCIES)
+	cd $(top_builddir) && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) am--refresh
+
+# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make not to export all variables.
+# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
+.NOEXPORT:
diff --git a/man/po/Makevars b/man/po/Makevars
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c78c646
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/po/Makevars
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Makefile variables for PO directory in any package using GNU gettext.
+
+# Usually the message domain is the same as the package name.
+DOMAIN = $(PACKAGE)-man-pages
+
+# These two variables depend on the location of this directory.
+subdir = man/po
+top_builddir = ../..
+
+# These options get passed to xgettext.
+XGETTEXT_OPTIONS = --keyword=_ --keyword=N_ --no-location
+
+# This is the copyright holder that gets inserted into the header of the
+# $(DOMAIN).pot file.  Set this to the copyright holder of the surrounding
+# package.  (Note that the msgstr strings, extracted from the package's
+# sources, belong to the copyright holder of the package.)  Translators are
+# expected to transfer the copyright for their translations to this person
+# or entity, or to disclaim their copyright.  The empty string stands for
+# the public domain; in this case the translators are expected to disclaim
+# their copyright.
+COPYRIGHT_HOLDER = Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This is the list of locale categories, beyond LC_MESSAGES, for which the
+# message catalogs shall be used.  It is usually empty.
+EXTRA_LOCALE_CATEGORIES =
+
+MSGID_BUGS_ADDRESS = pkg-shadow-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org
diff --git a/man/po/XMLFILES b/man/po/XMLFILES
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de7925d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/po/XMLFILES
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# List of xml which contain translatable strings.
+XMLFILES = \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/chage.1.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/chfn.1.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/chgpasswd.8.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/chpasswd.8.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/chsh.1.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/expiry.1.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/faillog.5.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/faillog.8.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/gpasswd.1.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/groupadd.8.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/groupdel.8.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/groupmems.8.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/groupmod.8.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/groups.1.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/grpck.8.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/gshadow.5.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/lastlog.8.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/limits.5.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/login.1.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/login.access.5.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/login.defs.5.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/logoutd.8.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/newgrp.1.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/newusers.8.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/nologin.8.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/passwd.1.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/passwd.5.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/porttime.5.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/pwck.8.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/pwconv.8.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/shadow.3.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/shadow.5.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/sg.1.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/su.1.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/suauth.5.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/useradd.8.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/userdel.8.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/usermod.8.xml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/man/vipw.8.xml
+
diff --git a/man/po/da.po b/man/po/da.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25f78b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/po/da.po
@@ -0,0 +1,10441 @@
+# Danish translation shadow-man.
+# Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the shadow package.
+# Joe Hansen (joedalton2@yahoo.dk), 2012.
+#
+# konventioner:
+# audit -> overvågning
+# entry, entries -> punkt, punkter
+# exist -> findes
+# Home Phone -> telefon (telefonnr. hvor det er mere præcist)
+# locktime -> låsetid
+# mapping -> oversættelse eller kortlægning?
+# quiet -> tavs
+# record -> post
+# scratch -> scratch
+# shadow -> skygge
+# stat -> køre stat
+# unlock -> åbne
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: shadow-man\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-08 10:37-0600\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-08-23 01:35+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Joe Hansen <joedalton2@yahoo.dk>\n"
+"Language-Team: Danish <debian-l10n-danish@lists.debian.org>\n"
+"Language: \n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:16 chfn.1.xml.out:18 chpasswd.8.xml.out:19 chsh.1.xml.out:18
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:19 faillog.5.xml.out:15 faillog.8.xml.out:15
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:18 groupdel.8.xml.out:16 groupmod.8.xml.out:16
+#: groups.1.xml.out:15 grpck.8.xml.out:15 lastlog.8.xml.out:17
+#: login.1.xml.out:48 login.defs.5.xml.out:84 logoutd.8.xml.out:15
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:16 newusers.8.xml.out:31 passwd.1.xml.out:22
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:15 porttime.5.xml.out:15 pwck.8.xml.out:22
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:15 shadow.5.xml.out:15 sg.1.xml.out:16 su.1.xml.out:32
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:34 userdel.8.xml.out:21 usermod.8.xml.out:22
+msgid "Julianne Frances"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:17 chfn.1.xml.out:19 chpasswd.8.xml.out:20 chsh.1.xml.out:19
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:20 faillog.5.xml.out:16 faillog.8.xml.out:16
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:19 groupdel.8.xml.out:17 groupmod.8.xml.out:17
+#: groups.1.xml.out:16 grpck.8.xml.out:16 lastlog.8.xml.out:18
+#: login.1.xml.out:49 login.defs.5.xml.out:85 logoutd.8.xml.out:16
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:17 newusers.8.xml.out:32 passwd.1.xml.out:23
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:16 porttime.5.xml.out:16 pwck.8.xml.out:23
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:16 shadow.5.xml.out:16 sg.1.xml.out:17 su.1.xml.out:33
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:35 userdel.8.xml.out:22 usermod.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Haugh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:18 chfn.1.xml.out:20 chsh.1.xml.out:20 expiry.1.xml.out:21
+msgid "Creation, 1990"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:21 chfn.1.xml.out:23 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:20
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:24 chsh.1.xml.out:23 expiry.1.xml.out:24
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:20 faillog.8.xml.out:20 gpasswd.1.xml.out:25
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:23 groupdel.8.xml.out:21 groupmems.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:21 groups.1.xml.out:20 grpck.8.xml.out:20
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:22 limits.5.xml.out:22 login.1.xml.out:53
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:21 login.defs.5.xml.out:89 logoutd.8.xml.out:20
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:21 newusers.8.xml.out:36 passwd.1.xml.out:27
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:20 porttime.5.xml.out:20 pwck.8.xml.out:27
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:26 shadow.3.xml.out:20 shadow.5.xml.out:20 sg.1.xml.out:21
+#: su.1.xml.out:37 suauth.5.xml.out:20 useradd.8.xml.out:39
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:26 usermod.8.xml.out:27 vipw.8.xml.out:22
+msgid "Thomas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:22 chfn.1.xml.out:24 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:21
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:25 chsh.1.xml.out:24 expiry.1.xml.out:25
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:21 faillog.8.xml.out:21 gpasswd.1.xml.out:26
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:24 groupdel.8.xml.out:22 groupmems.8.xml.out:25
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:22 groups.1.xml.out:21 grpck.8.xml.out:21
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:23 limits.5.xml.out:23 login.1.xml.out:54
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:22 login.defs.5.xml.out:90 logoutd.8.xml.out:21
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:22 newusers.8.xml.out:37 passwd.1.xml.out:28
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:21 porttime.5.xml.out:21 pwck.8.xml.out:28
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:27 shadow.3.xml.out:21 shadow.5.xml.out:21 sg.1.xml.out:22
+#: su.1.xml.out:38 suauth.5.xml.out:21 useradd.8.xml.out:40
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:27 usermod.8.xml.out:28 vipw.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Kłoczko"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/email
+#: chage.1.xml.out:23 chfn.1.xml.out:25 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:22
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:26 chsh.1.xml.out:25 expiry.1.xml.out:26
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:22 faillog.8.xml.out:22 gpasswd.1.xml.out:27
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:25 groupdel.8.xml.out:23 groupmems.8.xml.out:26
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:23 groups.1.xml.out:22 grpck.8.xml.out:22
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:24 limits.5.xml.out:24 login.1.xml.out:55
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:23 login.defs.5.xml.out:91 logoutd.8.xml.out:22
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:23 newusers.8.xml.out:38 passwd.1.xml.out:29
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:22 porttime.5.xml.out:22 pwck.8.xml.out:29
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:28 shadow.3.xml.out:22 shadow.5.xml.out:22 sg.1.xml.out:23
+#: su.1.xml.out:39 suauth.5.xml.out:22 useradd.8.xml.out:41
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:28 usermod.8.xml.out:29 vipw.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "kloczek@pld.org.pl"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:24 chfn.1.xml.out:26 chpasswd.8.xml.out:27 chsh.1.xml.out:26
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:27 faillog.5.xml.out:23 faillog.8.xml.out:23
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:28 groupadd.8.xml.out:26 groupdel.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:27 groupmod.8.xml.out:24 groups.1.xml.out:23
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:23 lastlog.8.xml.out:25 limits.5.xml.out:25
+#: login.1.xml.out:56 login.access.5.xml.out:24 login.defs.5.xml.out:92
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:23 newgrp.1.xml.out:24 newusers.8.xml.out:39
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:30 passwd.5.xml.out:23 porttime.5.xml.out:23
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:30 pwconv.8.xml.out:29 shadow.3.xml.out:23
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:23 sg.1.xml.out:24 su.1.xml.out:40 suauth.5.xml.out:23
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:42 userdel.8.xml.out:29 usermod.8.xml.out:30
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:25
+msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:27 chfn.1.xml.out:29 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:26
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:30 chsh.1.xml.out:29 expiry.1.xml.out:30
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:26 faillog.8.xml.out:26 gpasswd.1.xml.out:31
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:29 groupdel.8.xml.out:27 groupmems.8.xml.out:30
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:27 groups.1.xml.out:26 grpck.8.xml.out:26
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:14 lastlog.8.xml.out:28 limits.5.xml.out:28
+#: login.1.xml.out:59 login.access.5.xml.out:27 login.defs.5.xml.out:95
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:26 newgrp.1.xml.out:27 newusers.8.xml.out:42
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:15 passwd.1.xml.out:33 passwd.5.xml.out:26
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:26 pwck.8.xml.out:33 pwconv.8.xml.out:32
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:26 shadow.5.xml.out:26 sg.1.xml.out:27 su.1.xml.out:43
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:26 useradd.8.xml.out:45 userdel.8.xml.out:32
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:33 vipw.8.xml.out:28
+msgid "Nicolas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:28 chfn.1.xml.out:30 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:27
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:31 chsh.1.xml.out:30 expiry.1.xml.out:31
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:27 faillog.8.xml.out:27 gpasswd.1.xml.out:32
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:30 groupdel.8.xml.out:28 groupmems.8.xml.out:31
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:28 groups.1.xml.out:27 grpck.8.xml.out:27
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:15 lastlog.8.xml.out:29 limits.5.xml.out:29
+#: login.1.xml.out:60 login.access.5.xml.out:28 login.defs.5.xml.out:96
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:27 newgrp.1.xml.out:28 newusers.8.xml.out:43
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:16 passwd.1.xml.out:34 passwd.5.xml.out:27
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:27 pwck.8.xml.out:34 pwconv.8.xml.out:33
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:27 shadow.5.xml.out:27 sg.1.xml.out:28 su.1.xml.out:44
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:27 useradd.8.xml.out:46 userdel.8.xml.out:33
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:34 vipw.8.xml.out:29
+msgid "François"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/email
+#: chage.1.xml.out:29 chfn.1.xml.out:31 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:28
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:32 chsh.1.xml.out:31 expiry.1.xml.out:32
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:28 faillog.8.xml.out:28 gpasswd.1.xml.out:33
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:31 groupdel.8.xml.out:29 groupmems.8.xml.out:32
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:29 groups.1.xml.out:28 grpck.8.xml.out:28
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:16 lastlog.8.xml.out:30 limits.5.xml.out:30
+#: login.1.xml.out:61 login.access.5.xml.out:29 login.defs.5.xml.out:97
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:28 newgrp.1.xml.out:29 newusers.8.xml.out:44
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:17 passwd.1.xml.out:35 passwd.5.xml.out:28
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:28 pwck.8.xml.out:35 pwconv.8.xml.out:34
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:28 shadow.5.xml.out:28 sg.1.xml.out:29 su.1.xml.out:45
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:28 useradd.8.xml.out:47 userdel.8.xml.out:34
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:35 vipw.8.xml.out:30
+msgid "nicolas.francois@centraliens.net"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:30 chfn.1.xml.out:32 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:29
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:33 chsh.1.xml.out:32 expiry.1.xml.out:33
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:29 faillog.8.xml.out:29 gpasswd.1.xml.out:34
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:32 groupdel.8.xml.out:30 groupmems.8.xml.out:33
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:30 groups.1.xml.out:29 grpck.8.xml.out:29
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:18 lastlog.8.xml.out:31 limits.5.xml.out:31
+#: login.1.xml.out:62 login.access.5.xml.out:30 login.defs.5.xml.out:98
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:29 newgrp.1.xml.out:30 newusers.8.xml.out:45
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:18 passwd.1.xml.out:36 passwd.5.xml.out:29
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:29 pwck.8.xml.out:36 pwconv.8.xml.out:35
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:29 shadow.5.xml.out:29 sg.1.xml.out:30 su.1.xml.out:46
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:29 useradd.8.xml.out:48 userdel.8.xml.out:35
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:36 vipw.8.xml.out:31
+msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chage.1.xml.out:34 chage.1.xml.out:41 chage.1.xml.out:46 chage.1.xml.out:59
+#: chage.1.xml.out:69 chage.1.xml.out:216 chage.1.xml.out:226
+#: chage.1.xml.out:236 chage.1.xml.out:241 chage.1.xml.out:285
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:233 shadow.5.xml.out:262
+msgid "chage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:35 chage.1.xml.out:294 chfn.1.xml.out:37 chfn.1.xml.out:65
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:205 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:217 chpasswd.8.xml.out:265
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:37 chsh.1.xml.out:171 expiry.1.xml.out:38
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:235 gpasswd.1.xml.out:39 gpasswd.1.xml.out:93
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:277 groupadd.8.xml.out:345 groupadd.8.xml.out:348
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:351 groupdel.8.xml.out:205 groupdel.8.xml.out:208
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:211 groupmems.8.xml.out:209 groupmems.8.xml.out:212
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:215 groupmod.8.xml.out:326 groupmod.8.xml.out:329
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:332 groups.1.xml.out:34 groups.1.xml.out:92
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:243 gshadow.5.xml.out:77 gshadow.5.xml.out:165
+#: limits.5.xml.out:185 login.1.xml.out:67 login.1.xml.out:128
+#: login.1.xml.out:377 login.1.xml.out:380 login.1.xml.out:383
+#: login.1.xml.out:386 login.access.5.xml.out:112 login.defs.5.xml.out:516
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:518 login.defs.5.xml.out:520 login.defs.5.xml.out:530
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:533 login.defs.5.xml.out:536 newgrp.1.xml.out:35
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:130 newgrp.1.xml.out:133 newgrp.1.xml.out:136
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:139 newgrp.1.xml.out:142 newusers.8.xml.out:456
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:60 passwd.1.xml.out:41 passwd.1.xml.out:431
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:118 passwd.5.xml.out:173 passwd.5.xml.out:179
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:182 passwd.5.xml.out:197 porttime.5.xml.out:121
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:293 shadow.5.xml.out:262 shadow.5.xml.out:265
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:268 shadow.5.xml.out:283 sg.1.xml.out:35 sg.1.xml.out:119
+#: sg.1.xml.out:122 sg.1.xml.out:125 sg.1.xml.out:128 sg.1.xml.out:131
+#: su.1.xml.out:51 su.1.xml.out:391 su.1.xml.out:415 su.1.xml.out:421
+#: su.1.xml.out:424 suauth.5.xml.out:201 useradd.8.xml.out:817
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:878 useradd.8.xml.out:881 useradd.8.xml.out:884
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:241 userdel.8.xml.out:310 userdel.8.xml.out:313
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:316 usermod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:244
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:605 usermod.8.xml.out:608 usermod.8.xml.out:611
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:78 vipw.8.xml.out:205
+msgid "1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:36 chfn.1.xml.out:38 chsh.1.xml.out:38 expiry.1.xml.out:39
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:40 groups.1.xml.out:35 login.1.xml.out:68
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:36 passwd.1.xml.out:42 sg.1.xml.out:36 su.1.xml.out:52
+msgid "User Commands"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:37 chfn.1.xml.out:39 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:36
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:40 chsh.1.xml.out:39 expiry.1.xml.out:40
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:36 faillog.8.xml.out:36 gpasswd.1.xml.out:41
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:39 groupdel.8.xml.out:37 groupmems.8.xml.out:40
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:37 groups.1.xml.out:36 grpck.8.xml.out:36
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:25 lastlog.8.xml.out:38 limits.5.xml.out:38
+#: login.1.xml.out:69 login.access.5.xml.out:37 login.defs.5.xml.out:105
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:36 newgrp.1.xml.out:37 newusers.8.xml.out:52
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:25 passwd.1.xml.out:43 passwd.5.xml.out:36
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:36 pwck.8.xml.out:43 pwconv.8.xml.out:42
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:36 shadow.5.xml.out:36 sg.1.xml.out:37 su.1.xml.out:53
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:36 useradd.8.xml.out:55 userdel.8.xml.out:42
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:43 vipw.8.xml.out:38
+msgid "shadow-utils"
+msgstr "shadow-utils"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:38 chfn.1.xml.out:40 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:37
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:41 chsh.1.xml.out:40 expiry.1.xml.out:41
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:37 faillog.8.xml.out:37 gpasswd.1.xml.out:42
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:40 groupdel.8.xml.out:38 groupmems.8.xml.out:41
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:38 groups.1.xml.out:37 grpck.8.xml.out:37
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:26 lastlog.8.xml.out:39 limits.5.xml.out:39
+#: login.1.xml.out:70 login.access.5.xml.out:38 login.defs.5.xml.out:106
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:37 newgrp.1.xml.out:38 newusers.8.xml.out:53
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:26 passwd.1.xml.out:44 passwd.5.xml.out:37
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:37 pwck.8.xml.out:44 pwconv.8.xml.out:43
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:37 shadow.5.xml.out:37 sg.1.xml.out:38 su.1.xml.out:54
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:37 useradd.8.xml.out:56 userdel.8.xml.out:43
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:44 vipw.8.xml.out:39
+msgid "4.13"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chage.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "change user password expiry information"
+msgstr "ændr udløbsinformation om brugeradgangskode"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: chage.1.xml.out:48 chfn.1.xml.out:51 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:48
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:52 chsh.1.xml.out:51 faillog.8.xml.out:48
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:49 groupmod.8.xml.out:49 grpck.8.xml.out:47
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:50 newusers.8.xml.out:64 passwd.1.xml.out:55
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:54 pwconv.8.xml.out:57 pwconv.8.xml.out:63
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:69 pwconv.8.xml.out:75 su.1.xml.out:64 useradd.8.xml.out:66
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:78 userdel.8.xml.out:52 usermod.8.xml.out:55
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:53 vipw.8.xml.out:59
+msgid "options"
+msgstr "tilvalg"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:51 chfn.1.xml.out:54 chsh.1.xml.out:54 faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 passwd.1.xml.out:58 useradd.8.xml.out:68
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:158 userdel.8.xml.out:54 userdel.8.xml.out:64
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:57 usermod.8.xml.out:222 usermod.8.xml.out:506
+msgid "LOGIN"
+msgstr "LOGIND"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:57 chfn.1.xml.out:60 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:54
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:58 chsh.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:58
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:45 faillog.8.xml.out:54 gpasswd.1.xml.out:70
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:60 groupdel.8.xml.out:56 groupmems.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:56 groups.1.xml.out:54 grpck.8.xml.out:58
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:34 lastlog.8.xml.out:56 limits.5.xml.out:48
+#: login.1.xml.out:101 login.access.5.xml.out:46 login.defs.5.xml.out:114
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:51 newgrp.1.xml.out:53 newusers.8.xml.out:73
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:40 passwd.1.xml.out:64 passwd.5.xml.out:45
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:45 pwck.8.xml.out:69 pwconv.8.xml.out:81
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:94 shadow.3.xml.out:150 shadow.5.xml.out:45 sg.1.xml.out:57
+#: su.1.xml.out:79 suauth.5.xml.out:51 useradd.8.xml.out:84
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:60 usermod.8.xml.out:62 vipw.8.xml.out:65
+msgid "DESCRIPTION"
+msgstr "BESKRIVELSE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:58
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes the number of days between password "
+"changes and the date of the last password change. This information is used "
+"by the system to determine when a user must change their password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:67 chfn.1.xml.out:87 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:81
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:106 chsh.1.xml.out:71 expiry.1.xml.out:67
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:65 gpasswd.1.xml.out:110 groupadd.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:80 groupdel.8.xml.out:64 groupmems.8.xml.out:76
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:65 grpck.8.xml.out:122 lastlog.8.xml.out:68
+#: login.1.xml.out:186 newusers.8.xml.out:250 passwd.1.xml.out:150
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:163 su.1.xml.out:120
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:102 userdel.8.xml.out:69 usermod.8.xml.out:70
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:83
+msgid "OPTIONS"
+msgstr "TILVALG"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:68 chfn.1.xml.out:88 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:82
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:107 chsh.1.xml.out:72 expiry.1.xml.out:68
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:66 gpasswd.1.xml.out:118 groupadd.8.xml.out:81
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:77 groupmod.8.xml.out:66
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:127 lastlog.8.xml.out:69 newusers.8.xml.out:251
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:151 pwck.8.xml.out:158 su.1.xml.out:121
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:103 userdel.8.xml.out:70 usermod.8.xml.out:71
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chfn</command> command are:"
+msgid "The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> command are:"
+msgstr "Tilvalgende som gælder for kommandoen <command>chfn</command> er:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74 gpasswd.1.xml.out:137 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:168 useradd.8.xml.out:123 useradd.8.xml.out:151
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:599 usermod.8.xml.out:112 usermod.8.xml.out:260
+msgid "-d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "--lastday"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74 chage.1.xml.out:81 chage.1.xml.out:175
+msgid "LAST_DAY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chage.1.xml.out:73 chage.1.xml.out:88 chage.1.xml.out:127
+#: chage.1.xml.out:156 chage.1.xml.out:168 chage.1.xml.out:189
+#: chage.1.xml.out:202 chfn.1.xml.out:93 chfn.1.xml.out:101 chfn.1.xml.out:109
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:121 chfn.1.xml.out:129 chfn.1.xml.out:150
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:122 chpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chpasswd.8.xml.out:164
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:177 chsh.1.xml.out:83 chsh.1.xml.out:96
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:104 faillog.8.xml.out:119 faillog.8.xml.out:156
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 gpasswd.1.xml.out:123 gpasswd.1.xml.out:136
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:157 groupadd.8.xml.out:101 groupadd.8.xml.out:157
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:200 groupadd.8.xml.out:213 groupdel.8.xml.out:88
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:101 groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110 groupmems.8.xml.out:141 groupmod.8.xml.out:72
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:81 groupmod.8.xml.out:120 groupmod.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:163 groupmod.8.xml.out:176 grpck.8.xml.out:148
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:74 lastlog.8.xml.out:103 lastlog.8.xml.out:127
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:305 passwd.1.xml.out:196 passwd.1.xml.out:245
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:267 passwd.1.xml.out:277 passwd.1.xml.out:321
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:334 pwck.8.xml.out:196 pwconv.8.xml.out:177
+#: su.1.xml.out:125 su.1.xml.out:162 useradd.8.xml.out:117
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:150 useradd.8.xml.out:178
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:195 useradd.8.xml.out:229 useradd.8.xml.out:277
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:424 useradd.8.xml.out:488 useradd.8.xml.out:501
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:516 useradd.8.xml.out:530 useradd.8.xml.out:565
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:591 useradd.8.xml.out:609 useradd.8.xml.out:621
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:638 useradd.8.xml.out:654 userdel.8.xml.out:122
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:135 usermod.8.xml.out:98 usermod.8.xml.out:111
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:128 usermod.8.xml.out:151 usermod.8.xml.out:173
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:216 usermod.8.xml.out:289 usermod.8.xml.out:327
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:340 usermod.8.xml.out:356 usermod.8.xml.out:368
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:500 vipw.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:82 chage.1.xml.out:288 groupadd.8.xml.out:303
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:168 groupmod.8.xml.out:259 grpck.8.xml.out:237
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:138 passwd.1.xml.out:425 pwck.8.xml.out:287
+#: su.1.xml.out:385 useradd.8.xml.out:811 userdel.8.xml.out:235
+msgid "0"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:77
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last "
+"changed. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the "
+"format more commonly used in your area). If the <_:replaceable-1/> is set to "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> the user is forced to change his password on the next log on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89
+msgid "-E"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89 useradd.8.xml.out:179 useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "--expiredate"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89 chage.1.xml.out:109 useradd.8.xml.out:179
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:610 usermod.8.xml.out:129 usermod.8.xml.out:243
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:416
+msgid "EXPIRE_DATE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:92
+msgid ""
+"Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on which the user's "
+"account will no longer be accessible. The date may also be expressed in the "
+"format YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area). A user "
+"whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being "
+"able to use the system again."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 "
+"days:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting
+#: chage.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "chage -E $(date -d +180days +%Y-%m-%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:108 chage.1.xml.out:139 chage.1.xml.out:182
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:344 useradd.8.xml.out:315
+msgid "-1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:107
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an "
+"account expiration date."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chfn.1.xml.out:102 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:96 login.1.xml.out:204
+#: login.1.xml.out:229 newusers.8.xml.out:280 passwd.1.xml.out:190
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwconv.8.xml.out:171 useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:99 vipw.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "-h"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chfn.1.xml.out:143 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:96 newusers.8.xml.out:280
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:190 pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: su.1.xml.out:387 useradd.8.xml.out:271 userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "--help"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chage.1.xml.out:121 chage.1.xml.out:146
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:142 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:139 chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:73 expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:88 faillog.8.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:98
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 gpasswd.1.xml.out:172
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:188 groupadd.8.xml.out:87 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:144 groupadd.8.xml.out:184 groupadd.8.xml.out:228
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:71 groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:124 groupmems.8.xml.out:130 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:131 groupmod.8.xml.out:193 grpck.8.xml.out:132
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 grpck.8.xml.out:161 grpck.8.xml.out:172
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:84 lastlog.8.xml.out:95 lastlog.8.xml.out:116
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:268 newusers.8.xml.out:280 newusers.8.xml.out:286
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320 passwd.1.xml.out:156 passwd.1.xml.out:167
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:179 passwd.1.xml.out:190 passwd.1.xml.out:209
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:221 passwd.1.xml.out:257 passwd.1.xml.out:290
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:308 pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwck.8.xml.out:179
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188 pwck.8.xml.out:209 pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:168 useradd.8.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330 useradd.8.xml.out:349 useradd.8.xml.out:372
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:385 useradd.8.xml.out:404 useradd.8.xml.out:455
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:548 userdel.8.xml.out:75 userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:105 userdel.8.xml.out:152 usermod.8.xml.out:77
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:88 usermod.8.xml.out:230 usermod.8.xml.out:249
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:270 usermod.8.xml.out:316 usermod.8.xml.out:404
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:90 vipw.8.xml.out:96 vipw.8.xml.out:102 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127 vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>"
+msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:117 chfn.1.xml.out:146 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:109
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:149 chsh.1.xml.out:79 expiry.1.xml.out:90
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:100 gpasswd.1.xml.out:151 groupadd.8.xml.out:120
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:84 groupmems.8.xml.out:120 groupmod.8.xml.out:116
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:134 lastlog.8.xml.out:99 newusers.8.xml.out:282
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:192 pwck.8.xml.out:175 pwconv.8.xml.out:173
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:273 userdel.8.xml.out:101 vipw.8.xml.out:98
+msgid "Display help message and exit."
+msgstr "Vis hjælpeteksten og afslut."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121 passwd.1.xml.out:197
+msgid "-i"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121
+msgid "--iso8601"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "When printing dates, use YYYY-MM-DD format."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128
+msgid "-I"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128 passwd.1.xml.out:197 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622 usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "--inactive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128 chage.1.xml.out:134 chage.1.xml.out:140
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:197 passwd.1.xml.out:203 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:211 useradd.8.xml.out:622 useradd.8.xml.out:632
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "INACTIVE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:131
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the "
+"account is locked. The <_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days of "
+"inactivity. A user whose account is locked must contact the system "
+"administrator before being able to use the system again."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an "
+"account's inactivity."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: chage.1.xml.out:147 chage.1.xml.out:242 faillog.8.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105 faillog.8.xml.out:185 faillog.8.xml.out:202
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:55 groupmems.8.xml.out:124 passwd.1.xml.out:222
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:316 su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:156 useradd.8.xml.out:330
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "-l"
+msgstr "-l"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:147 groupmems.8.xml.out:124
+msgid "--list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:150
+msgid "Show account aging information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:72 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:78 chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:130
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:155 faillog.8.xml.out:88 faillog.8.xml.out:120
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:185 faillog.8.xml.out:202 su.1.xml.out:207
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:287 useradd.8.xml.out:350 useradd.8.xml.out:476
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:119 usermod.8.xml.out:250
+msgid "-m"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+msgid "--mindays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 chage.1.xml.out:162 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:251
+msgid "MIN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:160 passwd.1.xml.out:249
+msgid ""
+"Set the minimum number of days between password changes to <_:replaceable-1/"
+">. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their "
+"password at any time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 gpasswd.1.xml.out:81 gpasswd.1.xml.out:112
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:162 useradd.8.xml.out:373
+msgid "-M"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 passwd.1.xml.out:335
+msgid "--maxdays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 chage.1.xml.out:174 chage.1.xml.out:183
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335 passwd.1.xml.out:340 passwd.1.xml.out:345
+msgid "MAX_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:178 chage.1.xml.out:203 usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "-W"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:172
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid. When <_:"
+"replaceable-1/> plus <_:replaceable-2/> is less than the current day, the "
+"user will be required to change their password before being able to use "
+"their account. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the "
+"<_:option-3/> option, which provides the user with advance warning."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:181 passwd.1.xml.out:343
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as <_:replaceable-2/> will remove "
+"checking a password's validity."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chfn.1.xml.out:130 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chsh.1.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:189 groupadd.8.xml.out:201 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142 groupmod.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104 newusers.8.xml.out:306 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197 pwconv.8.xml.out:178 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123 usermod.8.xml.out:328 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "-R"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chfn.1.xml.out:130 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chsh.1.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158 groupadd.8.xml.out:201 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142 groupmod.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104 newusers.8.xml.out:306 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197 pwconv.8.xml.out:178 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123 usermod.8.xml.out:328 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "--root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chage.1.xml.out:194 chage.1.xml.out:196
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:130 chfn.1.xml.out:134 chfn.1.xml.out:136
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:127 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:129
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chpasswd.8.xml.out:169 chpasswd.8.xml.out:171
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:84 chsh.1.xml.out:88 chsh.1.xml.out:90 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:161 faillog.8.xml.out:163 gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:162 gpasswd.1.xml.out:164 groupadd.8.xml.out:201
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:205 groupadd.8.xml.out:207 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:93 groupdel.8.xml.out:95 groupmems.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:146 groupmems.8.xml.out:148 groupmod.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:168 groupmod.8.xml.out:170 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:153 grpck.8.xml.out:155 lastlog.8.xml.out:104
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:108 lastlog.8.xml.out:110 newusers.8.xml.out:306
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:310 newusers.8.xml.out:312 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:282 passwd.1.xml.out:284 pwck.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:201 pwck.8.xml.out:203 pwconv.8.xml.out:178
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:182 pwconv.8.xml.out:184 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:493 useradd.8.xml.out:495 userdel.8.xml.out:123
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:127 userdel.8.xml.out:129 usermod.8.xml.out:328
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:332 usermod.8.xml.out:334 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:119 vipw.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "CHROOT_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:193 chfn.1.xml.out:133 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:126
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:168 chsh.1.xml.out:87 faillog.8.xml.out:160
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:161 groupadd.8.xml.out:204 groupdel.8.xml.out:92
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:145 groupmod.8.xml.out:167 grpck.8.xml.out:152
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:107 newusers.8.xml.out:309 passwd.1.xml.out:281
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:200 pwconv.8.xml.out:181 useradd.8.xml.out:492
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:126 usermod.8.xml.out:331 vipw.8.xml.out:118
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory and "
+#| "use the configuration files from the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</"
+#| "replaceable> directory."
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration "
+"files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. Only absolute paths are "
+"supported."
+msgstr ""
+"Brug ændringer i mappen <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> og brug "
+"konfigurationsfilerne fra mappen <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203 passwd.1.xml.out:322
+msgid "--warndays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203 chage.1.xml.out:208 passwd.1.xml.out:322
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:327
+msgid "WARN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:206
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The "
+"<_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password "
+"expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:220 chfn.1.xml.out:163 chsh.1.xml.out:112
+msgid "[ ]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:215
+msgid ""
+"If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of "
+"the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank "
+"to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> marks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:224 chsh.1.xml.out:117 groups.1.xml.out:65
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:170
+msgid "NOTE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:225
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chage</command> program requires a shadow password file to "
+#| "be available."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program requires a shadow password file to be available."
+msgstr ""
+"Programmet <command>chage</command> kræver at en adgangskodefil for shadow "
+"er tilgængelig."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:229
+msgid ""
+"The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password "
+"file. This implies that configuration from other sources (e.g. LDAP or empty "
+"password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user's login will "
+"not be shown in the chage output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: chage.1.xml.out:238 grpck.8.xml.out:294 login.defs.5.xml.out:410
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:185 pwck.8.xml.out:40 pwck.8.xml.out:47 pwck.8.xml.out:53
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:71 pwck.8.xml.out:147 pwck.8.xml.out:159 pwck.8.xml.out:191
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:223 pwck.8.xml.out:284 pwconv.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:248 shadow.5.xml.out:274
+msgid "pwck"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:235
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program will also not report any inconsistency between "
+"the shadow and passwd files (e.g. missing x in the passwd file). The <_:"
+"command-2/> can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:241
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chage</command> command is restricted to the root user, "
+#| "except for the <option>-l</option> option, which may be used by an "
+#| "unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to "
+#| "expire."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is restricted to the root user, except for the <_:"
+"option-2/> option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine "
+"when their password or account is due to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"Kommandoen <command>chage</command> er begrænset til administratorbrugeren "
+"(root), undtaget for tilvalget <option>-l</option>, som kan bruges af en "
+"upriviligeret bruger til at bestemme hvornår denne brugers adgangskode eller "
+"konto står til at udløbe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:249 chfn.1.xml.out:170 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:175
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:216 chsh.1.xml.out:131 gpasswd.1.xml.out:241
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:247 groupdel.8.xml.out:133 groupmems.8.xml.out:176
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:212 grpck.8.xml.out:196 lastlog.8.xml.out:182
+#: login.1.xml.out:270 newgrp.1.xml.out:85 newusers.8.xml.out:360
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:372 pwck.8.xml.out:240 pwconv.8.xml.out:204 sg.1.xml.out:74
+#: su.1.xml.out:314 useradd.8.xml.out:710 userdel.8.xml.out:165
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:536 vipw.8.xml.out:142
+msgid "CONFIGURATION"
+msgstr "KONFIGURATION"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:252 chfn.1.xml.out:68 chfn.1.xml.out:173 chfn.1.xml.out:187
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:155 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:205 chpasswd.8.xml.out:77 chpasswd.8.xml.out:134
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:200 chpasswd.8.xml.out:219 chpasswd.8.xml.out:247
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:134 chsh.1.xml.out:159 gpasswd.1.xml.out:244
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:129 groupadd.8.xml.out:239 groupadd.8.xml.out:250
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:276 groupdel.8.xml.out:136 groupmems.8.xml.out:179
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:109 groupmod.8.xml.out:204 groupmod.8.xml.out:215
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:239 grpck.8.xml.out:199 lastlog.8.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:273 login.1.xml.out:365 login.access.5.xml.out:100
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:116 login.defs.5.xml.out:515 newgrp.1.xml.out:88
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:340 newusers.8.xml.out:363 newusers.8.xml.out:423
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:375 passwd.1.xml.out:405 pwck.8.xml.out:243
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:148 pwconv.8.xml.out:207 pwconv.8.xml.out:215
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:230 sg.1.xml.out:77 su.1.xml.out:109 su.1.xml.out:219
+#: su.1.xml.out:277 su.1.xml.out:317 su.1.xml.out:357 useradd.8.xml.out:241
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:307 useradd.8.xml.out:378 useradd.8.xml.out:399
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:467 useradd.8.xml.out:474 useradd.8.xml.out:560
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:713 useradd.8.xml.out:797 userdel.8.xml.out:87
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:168 userdel.8.xml.out:191 userdel.8.xml.out:297
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:399 usermod.8.xml.out:539 usermod.8.xml.out:569
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "/etc/login.defs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:250 chfn.1.xml.out:171 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:176
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:217 chsh.1.xml.out:132 gpasswd.1.xml.out:242
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:248 groupdel.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:213 grpck.8.xml.out:197 lastlog.8.xml.out:183
+#: login.1.xml.out:271 newgrp.1.xml.out:86 newusers.8.xml.out:361
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:373 pwck.8.xml.out:241 sg.1.xml.out:75 su.1.xml.out:315
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:711 userdel.8.xml.out:166 usermod.8.xml.out:537
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:143
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename> change the behavior of this tool:"
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior "
+"of this tool:"
+msgstr ""
+"De følgende konfigurationsvariabler i <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+"ændrer opførelsen for dette værktøj:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:261 chfn.1.xml.out:184 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:190
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:232 chsh.1.xml.out:144 expiry.1.xml.out:97
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:220 gpasswd.1.xml.out:256
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:261 groupdel.8.xml.out:145 groupmems.8.xml.out:188
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:224 groups.1.xml.out:77 grpck.8.xml.out:208
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:194 limits.5.xml.out:172
+#: login.1.xml.out:314 login.access.5.xml.out:97 logoutd.8.xml.out:65
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:97 newusers.8.xml.out:396 passwd.1.xml.out:390
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:139 porttime.5.xml.out:106 pwck.8.xml.out:258
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:227 shadow.3.xml.out:202 shadow.5.xml.out:231
+#: sg.1.xml.out:86 su.1.xml.out:342 suauth.5.xml.out:169 useradd.8.xml.out:740
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:182 usermod.8.xml.out:554 vipw.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "FILES"
+msgstr "FILER"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:265 chfn.1.xml.out:193 chpasswd.8.xml.out:235
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:147 expiry.1.xml.out:100 groupmod.8.xml.out:245
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:223 lastlog.8.xml.out:63 login.1.xml.out:145
+#: login.1.xml.out:329 newgrp.1.xml.out:65 newgrp.1.xml.out:70
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:100 newusers.8.xml.out:399 passwd.1.xml.out:393
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:47 passwd.5.xml.out:89 passwd.5.xml.out:142
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:73 pwck.8.xml.out:145 pwck.8.xml.out:212 pwck.8.xml.out:224
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:267 pwconv.8.xml.out:127 shadow.5.xml.out:234 sg.1.xml.out:89
+#: su.1.xml.out:185 su.1.xml.out:197 su.1.xml.out:345 useradd.8.xml.out:524
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:743 userdel.8.xml.out:197 usermod.8.xml.out:103
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:305 usermod.8.xml.out:362 usermod.8.xml.out:575
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:68 vipw.8.xml.out:187
+msgid "/etc/passwd"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:268 chfn.1.xml.out:195 chpasswd.8.xml.out:237
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:149 expiry.1.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:247
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:225 login.1.xml.out:331 newgrp.1.xml.out:102
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:401 passwd.1.xml.out:395 passwd.5.xml.out:144
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:269 shadow.5.xml.out:236 sg.1.xml.out:91 su.1.xml.out:347
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:745 userdel.8.xml.out:199 vipw.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "User account information."
+msgstr "Information om brugerkonto."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:273 chpasswd.8.xml.out:241 expiry.1.xml.out:106
+#: login.1.xml.out:335 newgrp.1.xml.out:68 newgrp.1.xml.out:106
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:295 newusers.8.xml.out:405 passwd.1.xml.out:399
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:82 passwd.5.xml.out:148 pwck.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:107 pwck.8.xml.out:213 pwck.8.xml.out:225 pwck.8.xml.out:273
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:128 pwconv.8.xml.out:149 shadow.3.xml.out:97
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:173 shadow.3.xml.out:205 shadow.5.xml.out:78
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:240 sg.1.xml.out:95 su.1.xml.out:351 useradd.8.xml.out:439
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:464 useradd.8.xml.out:749 userdel.8.xml.out:203
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:144 usermod.8.xml.out:145 usermod.8.xml.out:166
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:167 usermod.8.xml.out:306 usermod.8.xml.out:581
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:71 vipw.8.xml.out:193
+msgid "/etc/shadow"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:276 chpasswd.8.xml.out:243 expiry.1.xml.out:108
+#: login.1.xml.out:337 newgrp.1.xml.out:108 newusers.8.xml.out:407
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:401 pwck.8.xml.out:275 shadow.3.xml.out:207
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:242 sg.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:353 useradd.8.xml.out:751
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:205 vipw.8.xml.out:195
+msgid "Secure user account information."
+msgstr "Information om sikret brugerkonto."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:283 groupadd.8.xml.out:298 groupdel.8.xml.out:163
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:254 grpck.8.xml.out:232 passwd.1.xml.out:420
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:282 su.1.xml.out:366 useradd.8.xml.out:806
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:230
+msgid "EXIT VALUES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:290 groupadd.8.xml.out:305 groupdel.8.xml.out:170
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:239 passwd.1.xml.out:427 pwck.8.xml.out:289
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:813 userdel.8.xml.out:237
+msgid "success"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:296 passwd.1.xml.out:433
+msgid "permission denied"
+msgstr "tilladelse nægtet"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#: chage.1.xml.out:300 groupadd.8.xml.out:309 groupdel.8.xml.out:174
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:265 groups.1.xml.out:95 groups.1.xml.out:98
+#: groups.1.xml.out:101 grpck.8.xml.out:249 limits.5.xml.out:90
+#: limits.5.xml.out:101 limits.5.xml.out:188 limits.5.xml.out:191
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:437 pwck.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:823
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:247
+msgid "2"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:302 groupadd.8.xml.out:311 groupdel.8.xml.out:176
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:245 pwck.8.xml.out:295 useradd.8.xml.out:825
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:249
+msgid "invalid command syntax"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:306
+msgid "15"
+msgstr "15"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:308
+msgid "can't find the shadow password file"
+msgstr "Kan ikke finde shadows adgangskodefil"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:284 groupadd.8.xml.out:299 groupdel.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:255 grpck.8.xml.out:233 passwd.1.xml.out:421
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:283 useradd.8.xml.out:807 userdel.8.xml.out:231
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>pwck</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#| "<placeholder-1/>"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command exits with the following values: <_:"
+"variablelist-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Kommandoen <command>pwck</command> findes med de følgende værdier: "
+"<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:316 chfn.1.xml.out:202 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:214
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:262 chsh.1.xml.out:168 expiry.1.xml.out:115
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:232 gpasswd.1.xml.out:274
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:343 groupdel.8.xml.out:202 groupmems.8.xml.out:206
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:323 groups.1.xml.out:89 grpck.8.xml.out:277
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:150 limits.5.xml.out:182 login.1.xml.out:374
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:109 login.defs.5.xml.out:527 newgrp.1.xml.out:127
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:450 nologin.8.xml.out:57 passwd.1.xml.out:471
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:167 porttime.5.xml.out:118 pwck.8.xml.out:333
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:239 shadow.3.xml.out:214 shadow.5.xml.out:259
+#: sg.1.xml.out:116 su.1.xml.out:413 suauth.5.xml.out:198 useradd.8.xml.out:875
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:308 usermod.8.xml.out:602 vipw.8.xml.out:202
+msgid "SEE ALSO"
+msgstr "SE OGSÅ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:319 chfn.1.xml.out:211 chpasswd.8.xml.out:265
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:177 expiry.1.xml.out:118 groupadd.8.xml.out:351
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:211 groupmems.8.xml.out:215 groupmod.8.xml.out:332
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:291 lastlog.8.xml.out:176 login.1.xml.out:128
+#: login.1.xml.out:380 login.1.xml.out:395 login.defs.5.xml.out:399
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:516 login.defs.5.xml.out:533 login.defs.5.xml.out:539
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:79 newusers.8.xml.out:456 passwd.1.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:47 passwd.1.xml.out:53 passwd.1.xml.out:66
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:69 passwd.1.xml.out:86 passwd.1.xml.out:116
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:152 passwd.1.xml.out:366 passwd.1.xml.out:413
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:422 passwd.1.xml.out:451 passwd.1.xml.out:457
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:477 passwd.5.xml.out:33 passwd.5.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:182 pwck.8.xml.out:228 pwck.8.xml.out:342
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:84 pwconv.8.xml.out:99 shadow.5.xml.out:268
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:271 useradd.8.xml.out:884 userdel.8.xml.out:316
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:611 vipw.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "passwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:319 chage.1.xml.out:322 chfn.1.xml.out:208
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:211 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:223 chpasswd.8.xml.out:272
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:174 chsh.1.xml.out:177 expiry.1.xml.out:118
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:121 faillog.5.xml.out:34 faillog.8.xml.out:238
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:292 gpasswd.1.xml.out:295 groupadd.8.xml.out:363
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:344 grpck.8.xml.out:267 grpck.8.xml.out:280
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:287 grpck.8.xml.out:291 grpck.8.xml.out:297
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:23 gshadow.5.xml.out:153 gshadow.5.xml.out:156
+#: limits.5.xml.out:36 login.1.xml.out:389 login.1.xml.out:392
+#: login.1.xml.out:395 login.1.xml.out:398 login.access.5.xml.out:35
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:103 login.defs.5.xml.out:539 login.defs.5.xml.out:542
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:145 newgrp.1.xml.out:148 newusers.8.xml.out:79
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:453 newusers.8.xml.out:460 newusers.8.xml.out:463
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:48 nologin.8.xml.out:63 passwd.1.xml.out:455
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:477 passwd.1.xml.out:480 passwd.1.xml.out:484
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:34 passwd.5.xml.out:80 passwd.5.xml.out:194
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:34 pwck.8.xml.out:317 pwck.8.xml.out:336
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:342 pwck.8.xml.out:345 pwconv.8.xml.out:245
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:220 shadow.5.xml.out:34 shadow.5.xml.out:271
+#: sg.1.xml.out:134 sg.1.xml.out:137 su.1.xml.out:418 suauth.5.xml.out:34
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:91 useradd.8.xml.out:205 useradd.8.xml.out:628
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:899 useradd.8.xml.out:906 useradd.8.xml.out:909
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:319 userdel.8.xml.out:335 userdel.8.xml.out:338
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:162 usermod.8.xml.out:629 usermod.8.xml.out:633
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:636 vipw.8.xml.out:208 vipw.8.xml.out:211
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:214 vipw.8.xml.out:217 vipw.8.xml.out:220 vipw.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "5"
+msgstr "5"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:322 expiry.1.xml.out:121 grpck.8.xml.out:51
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:190 grpck.8.xml.out:297 login.defs.5.xml.out:542
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:480 passwd.5.xml.out:79 passwd.5.xml.out:194
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:229 pwck.8.xml.out:233 pwck.8.xml.out:345 pwconv.8.xml.out:84
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:85 pwconv.8.xml.out:100 pwconv.8.xml.out:101
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:33 shadow.3.xml.out:40 shadow.3.xml.out:96
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:220 shadow.5.xml.out:33 shadow.5.xml.out:40
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:47 useradd.8.xml.out:205 useradd.8.xml.out:628
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:162 vipw.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "shadow"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:317 expiry.1.xml.out:116 faillog.8.xml.out:233
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:58 shadow.3.xml.out:215
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:36 chfn.1.xml.out:43 chfn.1.xml.out:49 chfn.1.xml.out:62
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:89 chfn.1.xml.out:159 chfn.1.xml.out:164 chsh.1.xml.out:171
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:345 groupdel.8.xml.out:205 groupmems.8.xml.out:209
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:326 login.defs.5.xml.out:239 useradd.8.xml.out:878
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:310 usermod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:605
+msgid "chfn"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:44
+msgid "change real user name and information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:65 passwd.5.xml.out:117
+msgid "finger"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:71 chfn.1.xml.out:110 groupadd.8.xml.out:106
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:145 groupadd.8.xml.out:323 groupmod.8.xml.out:93
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:405 useradd.8.xml.out:536
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:837 usermod.8.xml.out:271 usermod.8.xml.out:377
+msgid "-o"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes user fullname, office room number, office "
+"phone number, and home phone number information for a user's account. This "
+"information is typically printed by <_:citerefentry-2/> and similar "
+"programs. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, "
+"subject to the restrictions in <_:filename-3/>. (The default configuration "
+"is to prevent users from changing their fullname.) The superuser may change "
+"any field for any account. Additionally, only the superuser may use the <_:"
+"option-4/> option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:77 chfn.1.xml.out:80
+msgid "other"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"These fields must not contain any colons. Except for the <_:emphasis-1/> "
+"field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign. It is also "
+"recommended to avoid non-US-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for "
+"the phone numbers. The <_:emphasis-2/> field is used to store accounting "
+"information used by other applications."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94 expiry.1.xml.out:61 expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:88 groupdel.8.xml.out:72 login.1.xml.out:90
+#: login.1.xml.out:190 login.1.xml.out:229 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622 userdel.8.xml.out:76 userdel.8.xml.out:287
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:302 usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "-f"
+msgstr "-f"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+msgid "--full-name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+msgid "FULL_NAME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:97
+msgid "Change the user's full name."
+msgstr "Ændr brugerens navn."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+msgid "--home-phone"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+msgid "HOME_PHONE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "Change the user's home phone number."
+msgstr "Ændr brugerens telefonnummer."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "--other"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "OTHER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:113
+msgid ""
+"Change the user's other GECOS information. This field is used to store "
+"accounting information used by other applications, and can be changed only "
+"by a superuser."
+msgstr ""
+"Ændr brugerens anden GECOS-information. Dette felt bruges til at gemme "
+"kontoinformation brugt af andre programmer, og kan kun ændres af en "
+"superbruger."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122 faillog.8.xml.out:89 faillog.8.xml.out:144
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:186 faillog.8.xml.out:203 gpasswd.1.xml.out:173
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:112 groupadd.8.xml.out:185 grpck.8.xml.out:124
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 login.1.xml.out:220 login.1.xml.out:229
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:287 passwd.1.xml.out:268 pwck.8.xml.out:155
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188 useradd.8.xml.out:224 useradd.8.xml.out:456
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:542 userdel.8.xml.out:106 usermod.8.xml.out:317
+msgid "-r"
+msgstr "-r"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+msgid "--room"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+msgid "ROOM_NUMBER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:125
+msgid "Change the user's room number."
+msgstr "Ændr brugerens værelsesnummer."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:143 faillog.8.xml.out:80 faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:214 lastlog.8.xml.out:90 lastlog.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 passwd.1.xml.out:309 useradd.8.xml.out:414
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:279 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "-u"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151 passwd.1.xml.out:322 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+msgid "-w"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+msgid "--work-phone"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+msgid "WORK_PHONE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:154
+msgid "Change the user's office phone number."
+msgstr "Ændr brugerens arbejdsnummer."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of "
+"the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank "
+"to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> marks. Without options, <_:command-3/> prompts for the "
+"current user account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:189 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:207 chpasswd.8.xml.out:249
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:161 groupadd.8.xml.out:278 groupmod.8.xml.out:241
+#: login.1.xml.out:367 login.access.5.xml.out:102 newusers.8.xml.out:425
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:407 pwconv.8.xml.out:232 su.1.xml.out:359
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:799 userdel.8.xml.out:193
+msgid "Shadow password suite configuration."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:205 chsh.1.xml.out:36 chsh.1.xml.out:43 chsh.1.xml.out:49
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:62 chsh.1.xml.out:73 chsh.1.xml.out:109
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:348 groupdel.8.xml.out:208 groupmems.8.xml.out:212
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:329 login.defs.5.xml.out:270 useradd.8.xml.out:881
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:313 usermod.8.xml.out:608
+msgid "chsh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:208 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:223 chpasswd.8.xml.out:272
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:174 groupadd.8.xml.out:194 groupadd.8.xml.out:363
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:344 login.1.xml.out:389 login.defs.5.xml.out:102
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:109 newusers.8.xml.out:298 newusers.8.xml.out:453
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:484 pwconv.8.xml.out:92 pwconv.8.xml.out:94
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:108 pwconv.8.xml.out:245 su.1.xml.out:418
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:899 userdel.8.xml.out:117 userdel.8.xml.out:319
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:629 vipw.8.xml.out:214
+msgid "login.defs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:203 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:215 chsh.1.xml.out:169
+#: limits.5.xml.out:183
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Creation, 2006"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:33 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:40 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:46
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:56 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:66 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:83
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:249
+msgid "chgpasswd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:34 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:220 chpasswd.8.xml.out:38
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:268 chpasswd.8.xml.out:276 faillog.5.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:34 gpasswd.1.xml.out:280 gpasswd.1.xml.out:283
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:286 gpasswd.1.xml.out:289 groupadd.8.xml.out:37
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:354 groupadd.8.xml.out:357 groupadd.8.xml.out:360
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:366 groupadd.8.xml.out:369 groupadd.8.xml.out:372
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:35 groupdel.8.xml.out:186 groupdel.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:217 groupdel.8.xml.out:220 groupdel.8.xml.out:223
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:226 groupdel.8.xml.out:229 groupmems.8.xml.out:38
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:218 groupmems.8.xml.out:221 groupmems.8.xml.out:224
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:227 groupmems.8.xml.out:230 groupmod.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:335 groupmod.8.xml.out:338 groupmod.8.xml.out:341
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:347 groupmod.8.xml.out:350 groupmod.8.xml.out:353
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:34 grpck.8.xml.out:283 grpck.8.xml.out:294
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:159 gshadow.5.xml.out:162 lastlog.8.xml.out:36
+#: login.1.xml.out:174 login.1.xml.out:176 login.1.xml.out:249
+#: login.1.xml.out:251 login.1.xml.out:401 login.defs.5.xml.out:545
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:34 newusers.8.xml.out:50 newusers.8.xml.out:467
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:23 passwd.1.xml.out:474 passwd.1.xml.out:488
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:185 passwd.5.xml.out:188 passwd.5.xml.out:191
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:200 pwck.8.xml.out:41 pwck.8.xml.out:339 pwck.8.xml.out:348
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:40 pwconv.8.xml.out:242 pwconv.8.xml.out:248
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:251 pwconv.8.xml.out:254 shadow.5.xml.out:274
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:277 shadow.5.xml.out:280 shadow.5.xml.out:286
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:192 useradd.8.xml.out:53 useradd.8.xml.out:574
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:890 useradd.8.xml.out:893 useradd.8.xml.out:896
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:902 useradd.8.xml.out:913 useradd.8.xml.out:916
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:40 userdel.8.xml.out:259 userdel.8.xml.out:322
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:325 userdel.8.xml.out:328 userdel.8.xml.out:331
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:342 userdel.8.xml.out:345 usermod.8.xml.out:41
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:617 usermod.8.xml.out:620 usermod.8.xml.out:623
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:626 usermod.8.xml.out:640 usermod.8.xml.out:643
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:36
+msgid "8"
+msgstr "8"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:35 chpasswd.8.xml.out:39 faillog.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:38 groupdel.8.xml.out:36 groupmems.8.xml.out:39
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:36 grpck.8.xml.out:35 lastlog.8.xml.out:37
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:35 newusers.8.xml.out:51 nologin.8.xml.out:24
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:42 pwconv.8.xml.out:41 useradd.8.xml.out:54
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:41 usermod.8.xml.out:42 vipw.8.xml.out:37
+msgid "System Management Commands"
+msgstr "Kommandoer for systemhåndtering"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "update group passwords in batch mode"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:55
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of group name and password pairs "
+"from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing "
+"groups. Each line is of the format:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:61 groupmems.8.xml.out:54 groupmems.8.xml.out:110
+msgid "group_name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:62 chpasswd.8.xml.out:66 passwd.5.xml.out:77
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:86 passwd.5.xml.out:91 passwd.5.xml.out:95
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:98
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/passwd"
+msgid "password"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:60 chpasswd.8.xml.out:64
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:64
+msgid ""
+"By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted by "
+"<_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chpasswd.8.xml.out:75 chpasswd.8.xml.out:132
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:129
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:71 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101 chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:130 chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:180 useradd.8.xml.out:179 useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "-e"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: arg/arg
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:72 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:114 chpasswd.8.xml.out:129
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:73 newusers.8.xml.out:268
+#: sg.1.xml.out:50 su.1.xml.out:86 su.1.xml.out:126 su.1.xml.out:131
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "-c"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:68
+msgid ""
+"The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:"
+"option-1/> variable of <_:filename-2/>, and can be overwritten with the <_:"
+"option-3/>, <_:option-4/>, or <_:option-5/> options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:74 chpasswd.8.xml.out:99
+msgid ""
+"This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many "
+"accounts are created at a single time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chpasswd.8.xml.out:114 newusers.8.xml.out:268
+msgid "--crypt-method"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:90 chpasswd.8.xml.out:117 newusers.8.xml.out:270
+msgid "Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr "Brug den angivne metode til at kryptere adgangskoderne."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:91 chpasswd.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "The available methods are DES, MD5, and NONE."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:94 chpasswd.8.xml.out:121 newusers.8.xml.out:271
+msgid ""
+"The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc "
+"support these methods."
+msgstr ""
+"De tilgængelige metoder er DES, Md5, NONE og SHA256 eller SHA512 hvis din "
+"libc understøtter disse metoder."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101 chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+msgid "--encrypted"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:103 chpasswd.8.xml.out:141
+msgid "Supplied passwords are in encrypted form."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+msgid "--md5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:115 chpasswd.8.xml.out:157
+msgid ""
+"Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are not "
+"encrypted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135 chpasswd.8.xml.out:178 chsh.1.xml.out:97
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:108 grpck.8.xml.out:124 grpck.8.xml.out:161
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320 pwck.8.xml.out:155 pwck.8.xml.out:209
+#: su.1.xml.out:163 useradd.8.xml.out:517 useradd.8.xml.out:655
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357 vipw.8.xml.out:70 vipw.8.xml.out:127
+msgid "-s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135 chpasswd.8.xml.out:178 newusers.8.xml.out:320
+msgid "--sha-rounds"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:137 chpasswd.8.xml.out:181 newusers.8.xml.out:322
+msgid "Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr "Brug det angivet antal rundet til at kryhptere adgangskoderne."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:140 chpasswd.8.xml.out:184 newusers.8.xml.out:325
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number of rounds "
+"for the crypt method (5000)."
+msgstr ""
+"Værdien 0 betyder at systemet vil vælge antallet af standardrunder for "
+"krypteringsmetoden (5000)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:144 chpasswd.8.xml.out:188 newusers.8.xml.out:329
+msgid ""
+"A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced."
+msgstr ""
+"En minimusværdi på 1000 og en maksimumsværdi på 999.999.999 vil blive "
+"påtvunget."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:148 chpasswd.8.xml.out:192 newusers.8.xml.out:333
+msgid "You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt method."
+msgstr ""
+"Du kan kun bruge dette tilvalg med SHA256- eller SHA512-krypteringsmetoden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:152 newusers.8.xml.out:337
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS "
+#| "and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and "
+"SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Som standard er antallet af runder defineret af variablerne "
+"SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS og SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS i <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:163 chpasswd.8.xml.out:208 faillog.8.xml.out:209
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:229 groupadd.8.xml.out:285 groupdel.8.xml.out:121
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:206 login.1.xml.out:236 newusers.8.xml.out:348
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:354 shadow.3.xml.out:194 su.1.xml.out:306
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:682 userdel.8.xml.out:281 usermod.8.xml.out:517
+msgid "CAVEATS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:164 chpasswd.8.xml.out:209
+msgid ""
+"Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of unencrypted "
+"files by other users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:168 newusers.8.xml.out:353
+msgid ""
+"You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect the "
+"system's password policy."
+msgstr ""
+"Du skal sikre dig at adgangskoderne og krypteringsmetoden respekterer "
+"systemets adgangskodepolitik."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:193 gpasswd.1.xml.out:48 gpasswd.1.xml.out:51
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:73 gpasswd.1.xml.out:231 gpasswd.1.xml.out:259
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:170 groupadd.8.xml.out:264 groupdel.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:191 groupmod.8.xml.out:227 groups.1.xml.out:58
+#: groups.1.xml.out:70 groups.1.xml.out:80 grpck.8.xml.out:62
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:81 grpck.8.xml.out:94 grpck.8.xml.out:112
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:177 grpck.8.xml.out:185
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:211 gshadow.5.xml.out:91 gshadow.5.xml.out:124
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:135 newgrp.1.xml.out:80 newgrp.1.xml.out:112
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:411 pwck.8.xml.out:261 pwconv.8.xml.out:128
+#: sg.1.xml.out:101 suauth.5.xml.out:90 useradd.8.xml.out:755
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:185 usermod.8.xml.out:557 vipw.8.xml.out:69
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:175
+msgid "/etc/group"
+msgstr "/etc/group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:195 gpasswd.1.xml.out:261 groupadd.8.xml.out:266
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:150 groupmems.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:229
+#: groups.1.xml.out:82 grpck.8.xml.out:213 gshadow.5.xml.out:137
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:114 newusers.8.xml.out:413 pwck.8.xml.out:263
+#: sg.1.xml.out:103 useradd.8.xml.out:757 userdel.8.xml.out:187
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "Group account information."
+msgstr "Information om gruppekonto."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:199 gpasswd.1.xml.out:52 gpasswd.1.xml.out:74
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:232 gpasswd.1.xml.out:265 groupadd.8.xml.out:170
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:270 groupdel.8.xml.out:154 groupmems.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:88 groupmems.8.xml.out:98 groupmems.8.xml.out:103
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:104 groupmems.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:135
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:197 groupmod.8.xml.out:233 grpck.8.xml.out:63
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:93 grpck.8.xml.out:114 grpck.8.xml.out:166
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:186 grpck.8.xml.out:217 gshadow.5.xml.out:36
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:141 newgrp.1.xml.out:78 newgrp.1.xml.out:118
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:417 pwconv.8.xml.out:129 sg.1.xml.out:107
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:761 usermod.8.xml.out:563 vipw.8.xml.out:72
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:181
+msgid "/etc/gshadow"
+msgstr "/etc/gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:201 gpasswd.1.xml.out:267 groupadd.8.xml.out:272
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:156 groupmod.8.xml.out:235 grpck.8.xml.out:219
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:143 newgrp.1.xml.out:120 newusers.8.xml.out:419
+#: sg.1.xml.out:109 useradd.8.xml.out:763 vipw.8.xml.out:183
+msgid "Secure group account information."
+msgstr "Information om sikret gruppekonto."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:217 gpasswd.1.xml.out:38 gpasswd.1.xml.out:45
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:59 gpasswd.1.xml.out:72 gpasswd.1.xml.out:85
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:119 groupadd.8.xml.out:354 groupdel.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:335 gshadow.5.xml.out:153 login.defs.5.xml.out:280
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:142 sg.1.xml.out:131 userdel.8.xml.out:322
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:617
+msgid "gpasswd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:220 gpasswd.1.xml.out:280 groupadd.8.xml.out:36
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:43 groupadd.8.xml.out:49 groupadd.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:82 groupadd.8.xml.out:292 groupadd.8.xml.out:300
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:217 groupmems.8.xml.out:218 groupmod.8.xml.out:338
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:290 useradd.8.xml.out:890 userdel.8.xml.out:325
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:620
+msgid "groupadd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:21 groupadd.8.xml.out:20 groupdel.8.xml.out:18
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:18 groups.1.xml.out:17 login.defs.5.xml.out:86
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:17 newgrp.1.xml.out:18 newusers.8.xml.out:33
+#: sg.1.xml.out:18 useradd.8.xml.out:36 userdel.8.xml.out:23
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "Creation, 1991"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:37 chpasswd.8.xml.out:44 chpasswd.8.xml.out:50
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:60 chpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chpasswd.8.xml.out:89
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:96 chpasswd.8.xml.out:108 chpasswd.8.xml.out:255
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:259 passwd.1.xml.out:474
+msgid "chpasswd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:45
+msgid "update passwords in batch mode"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:59
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of user name and password pairs from "
+"standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing "
+"users. Each line is of the format:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:52 groupmems.8.xml.out:53
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "user_name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:68
+msgid ""
+"By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are encrypted "
+"by <_:command-1/>. Also the password age will be updated, if present."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:76 chpasswd.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:73
+msgid ""
+"The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:"
+"option-1/> or <_:option-2/> variables of <_:filename-3/>, and can be "
+"overwritten with the <_:option-4/>, <_:option-5/>, or <_:option-6/> options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:81
+msgid ""
+"By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not recommended) "
+"you can select a different encryption method with the <_:option-1/>, <_:"
+"option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:88
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords."
+msgid "Except when PAM is used to encrypt the passwords,"
+msgstr "Brug den angivne metode til at kryptere adgangskoderne."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:87
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> <_:command-2/> first updates all the passwords in memory, and "
+"then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:93
+msgid ""
+"When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in the "
+"system database) then if a password cannot be updated <_:command-1/> "
+"continues updating the passwords of the next users, and will return an error "
+"code on exit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "METHOD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:128
+msgid ""
+"By default (if none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> "
+"options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the <_:option-4/"
+"> or <_:option-5/> variables of <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+msgid "ROUNDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:198
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> (number)"
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgstr "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> (antal)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:196
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS "
+#| "and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"By default, the number of rounds is defined by the <_:option-1/> and <_:"
+"option-2/> variables in <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Som standard er antallet af runder defineret af variablerne "
+"SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS og SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS i <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:253
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/chpasswd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:255 newusers.8.xml.out:431 passwd.1.xml.out:413
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "PAM configuration for <command>passwd</command>."
+msgid "PAM configuration for <_:command-1/>."
+msgstr "PAM-konfiguration for <command>passwd</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:268 login.defs.5.xml.out:380 newusers.8.xml.out:49
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:56 newusers.8.xml.out:62 newusers.8.xml.out:75
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:96 newusers.8.xml.out:123 newusers.8.xml.out:132
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:151 newusers.8.xml.out:164 newusers.8.xml.out:170
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:172 newusers.8.xml.out:210 newusers.8.xml.out:230
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:252 newusers.8.xml.out:431 useradd.8.xml.out:902
+msgid "newusers"
+msgstr "newusers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:270 grpck.8.xml.out:285 passwd.1.xml.out:482
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:276 groupadd.8.xml.out:366 groupdel.8.xml.out:223
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:224 groupmod.8.xml.out:347 login.defs.5.xml.out:462
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:467 useradd.8.xml.out:52 useradd.8.xml.out:59
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:64 useradd.8.xml.out:71 useradd.8.xml.out:75
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:87 useradd.8.xml.out:90 useradd.8.xml.out:103
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:129 useradd.8.xml.out:187 useradd.8.xml.out:209
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:239 useradd.8.xml.out:284 useradd.8.xml.out:341
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:472 useradd.8.xml.out:584 useradd.8.xml.out:586
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:690 useradd.8.xml.out:808 userdel.8.xml.out:342
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:640
+msgid "useradd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:263 newusers.8.xml.out:451
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:44
+msgid "change login shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes the user login shell. This determines the "
+"name of the user's initial login command. A normal user may only change the "
+"login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell "
+"for any account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:163 su.1.xml.out:199 useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:655 usermod.8.xml.out:357
+msgid "--shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:163 useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:522 useradd.8.xml.out:655 useradd.8.xml.out:662
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357
+msgid "SHELL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank causes "
+"the system to select the default login shell."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:107
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:option-1/> option is not selected, <_:command-2/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell. Enter "
+"the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the "
+"current one. The current shell is displayed between a pair of <_:emphasis-3/"
+"> marks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:120 chsh.1.xml.out:124 chsh.1.xml.out:153 su.1.xml.out:198
+msgid "/etc/shells"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "/bin/rsh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:118
+msgid ""
+"The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must "
+"be listed in <_:filename-1/>, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then "
+"any value may be added. An account with a restricted login shell may not "
+"change her login shell. For this reason, placing <_:filename-2/> in <_:"
+"filename-3/> is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted "
+"shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its "
+"original value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:155
+msgid "List of valid login shells."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:37 expiry.1.xml.out:44 expiry.1.xml.out:50
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:69
+msgid "expiry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:45
+msgid "check and enforce password expiration policy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:52 gpasswd.1.xml.out:61
+msgid "option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:59
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command checks (<_:option-2/>) the current password "
+"expiration and forces (<_:option-3/>) changes when required. It is callable "
+"as a normal user command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:73
+msgid "--check"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:75
+msgid "Check the password expiration of the current user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:79 groupadd.8.xml.out:88 groupdel.8.xml.out:72
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "--force"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:81
+msgid "Force a password change if the current user has an expired password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:17 faillog.8.xml.out:17 login.1.xml.out:50
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:24 passwd.5.xml.out:17 porttime.5.xml.out:17
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:17 shadow.5.xml.out:17 su.1.xml.out:34
+msgid "Creation, 1989"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:33 faillog.5.xml.out:40 faillog.5.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:33 faillog.8.xml.out:40 faillog.8.xml.out:46
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:56 faillog.8.xml.out:59 faillog.8.xml.out:67
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:76 faillog.8.xml.out:203 faillog.8.xml.out:211
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:238
+msgid "faillog"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:35 gshadow.5.xml.out:24 limits.5.xml.out:37
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:36 login.defs.5.xml.out:104 passwd.5.xml.out:35
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:35 shadow.5.xml.out:35 suauth.5.xml.out:35
+msgid "File Formats and Configuration Files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "login failure logging file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:47 faillog.5.xml.out:75 faillog.8.xml.out:57
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:113 faillog.8.xml.out:138 faillog.8.xml.out:150
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "/var/log/faillog"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:46
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:50
+msgid ""
+"The file contains fixed length records, indexed by numerical UID. Each "
+"record contains the count of login failures since the last successful login; "
+"the maximum number of failures before the account is disabled; the line on "
+"which the last login failure occurred; the date of the last login failure; "
+"and the duration (in seconds) during which the account will be locked after "
+"a failure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "The structure of the file is:"
+msgstr "Strukturen for filen er:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"struct faillog { short fail_cnt; short fail_max; char fail_line[12]; time_t "
+"fail_time; long fail_locktime; };"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:77 faillog.8.xml.out:225
+msgid "Failure logging file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "display faillog records or set login failure limits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:55
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> displays the contents of the failure log database (<_:"
+"filename-2/>). It can also set the failure counters and limits. When <_:"
+"command-3/> is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records "
+"of the users who had a login failure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:215 gpasswd.1.xml.out:124
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmod.8.xml.out:73 passwd.1.xml.out:157
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:78 usermod.8.xml.out:210
+msgid "-a"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72 passwd.1.xml.out:157
+msgid "--all"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:74
+msgid ""
+"Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the <_:"
+"filename-1/> database."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:78
+msgid "The range of users can be restricted with the <_:option-1/> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:82
+msgid ""
+"In display mode, this is still restricted to existing users but forces the "
+"display of the faillog entries even if they are empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:89 faillog.8.xml.out:169 lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+msgid "-t"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:87
+msgid ""
+"With the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:option-4/> options, "
+"the users' records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the "
+"system. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or "
+"to set a policy in advance for a range of users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105
+msgid "--lock-secs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105 faillog.8.xml.out:109
+msgid "SEC"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "Lock account for <_:replaceable-1/> seconds after failed login."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:112 faillog.8.xml.out:137 faillog.8.xml.out:149
+msgid "Write access to <_:filename-1/> is required for this option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "--maximum"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120 faillog.8.xml.out:125 faillog.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:123
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:127
+msgid ""
+"Selecting a <_:replaceable-1/> value of 0 has the effect of not placing a "
+"limit on the number of failed logins."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:160 porttime.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"The maximum failure count should always be 0 for <_:emphasis-1/> to prevent "
+"a denial of services attack against the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144
+msgid "--reset"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "Reset the counters of login failures."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+msgid "--time"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 faillog.8.xml.out:174 lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:79 lastlog.8.xml.out:128 lastlog.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "Display faillog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180 lastlog.8.xml.out:90 lastlog.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "--user"
+msgstr "bruger"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180 faillog.8.xml.out:190 faillog.8.xml.out:191
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 lastlog.8.xml.out:147 lastlog.8.xml.out:148
+msgid "RANGE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:179 lastlog.8.xml.out:138
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>OTHER</"
+#| "replaceable>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>|<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>ANDEN</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used "
+"with <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/> options) only for the "
+"specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:193 lastlog.8.xml.out:149
+msgid "UID_MIN-UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:194 lastlog.8.xml.out:150
+msgid "-UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:195 lastlog.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "UID_MIN-"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:188 lastlog.8.xml.out:145
+msgid ""
+"The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a <_:"
+"replaceable-1/> of users. This <_:replaceable-2/> of users can be specified "
+"with a min and max values (<_:replaceable-3/>), a max value (<_:"
+"replaceable-4/>), or a min value (<_:replaceable-5/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:201
+msgid ""
+"When none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options are "
+"used, <_:command-4/> displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:210
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> only prints out users with no successful login since the last "
+"failure. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last "
+"failure, you must explicitly request the user with the <_:option-2/> flag, "
+"or print out all users with the <_:option-3/> flag."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:235 limits.5.xml.out:125 limits.5.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:66 login.1.xml.out:73 login.1.xml.out:79 login.1.xml.out:87
+#: login.1.xml.out:94 login.1.xml.out:103 login.1.xml.out:106
+#: login.1.xml.out:108 login.1.xml.out:112 login.1.xml.out:119
+#: login.1.xml.out:171 login.1.xml.out:177 login.1.xml.out:230
+#: login.1.xml.out:238 login.1.xml.out:247 login.1.xml.out:253
+#: login.1.xml.out:259 login.access.5.xml.out:112 login.defs.5.xml.out:343
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:518 login.defs.5.xml.out:530 newgrp.1.xml.out:133
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:60 passwd.5.xml.out:125 passwd.5.xml.out:132
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:179 porttime.5.xml.out:121 shadow.5.xml.out:265
+#: sg.1.xml.out:122 su.1.xml.out:415
+msgid "login"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:20
+msgid "Rafal"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:21
+msgid "Maszkowski"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:22 login.access.5.xml.out:18 pwconv.8.xml.out:23
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Creation, 1996"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:47
+msgid "administer <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:50
+msgid "administer <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:64 gpasswd.1.xml.out:89 gpasswd.1.xml.out:129
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:142 gpasswd.1.xml.out:177 gpasswd.1.xml.out:181
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:193 gpasswd.1.xml.out:197 gpasswd.1.xml.out:292
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:49 grpck.8.xml.out:188 grpck.8.xml.out:280
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:156 limits.5.xml.out:138 newgrp.1.xml.out:48
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:145 pwck.8.xml.out:336 pwconv.8.xml.out:114
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:120 sg.1.xml.out:134 vipw.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:73
+msgid ", and <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:76
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "administrators,"
+msgstr "administratorer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:71
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to administer <_:filename-2/><_:phrase-3/"
+">. Every group can have <_:phrase-4/> members and a password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:80 gpasswd.1.xml.out:112 gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+msgid "-A"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:79
+msgid ""
+"System administrators can use the <_:option-1/> option to define group "
+"administrator(s) and the <_:option-2/> option to define members. They have "
+"all rights of group administrators and members."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:86
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "a group administrator"
+msgstr "administratorer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "a system administrator"
+msgstr "administratorer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:84
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> called by <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> with a group name only "
+"prompts for the new password of the <_:replaceable-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:93 gpasswd.1.xml.out:180 gpasswd.1.xml.out:196
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:277 groups.1.xml.out:71 groups.1.xml.out:92
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:76 gshadow.5.xml.out:165 newgrp.1.xml.out:34
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:41 newgrp.1.xml.out:47 newgrp.1.xml.out:55
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:63 newgrp.1.xml.out:66 sg.1.xml.out:60 sg.1.xml.out:64
+#: sg.1.xml.out:65 sg.1.xml.out:66 sg.1.xml.out:125
+msgid "newgrp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:91
+msgid ""
+"If a password is set the members can still use <_:citerefentry-1/> without a "
+"password, and non-members must supply the password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:99
+msgid "Notes about group passwords"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"Group passwords are an inherent security problem since more than one person "
+"is permitted to know the password. However, groups are a useful tool for "
+"permitting co-operation between different users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:111
+msgid ""
+"Except for the <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options, the options cannot "
+"be combined."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:115
+msgid "The options cannot be combined."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124 groupmems.8.xml.out:83
+msgid "--add"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124 gpasswd.1.xml.out:128 gpasswd.1.xml.out:137
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:141 gpasswd.1.xml.out:205 gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+#: groups.1.xml.out:48 groups.1.xml.out:59
+msgid "user"
+msgstr "bruger"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:127
+msgid "Add the <_:replaceable-1/> to the named <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:137 groupmems.8.xml.out:94 passwd.1.xml.out:168
+msgid "--delete"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:140
+msgid "Remove the <_:replaceable-1/> from the named <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+msgid "-Q"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:173
+msgid "--remove-password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:176
+msgid ""
+"Remove the password from the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password "
+"will be empty. Only group members will be allowed to use <_:command-2/> to "
+"join the named <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:189
+msgid "--restrict"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:192
+msgid ""
+"Restrict the access to the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password is "
+"set to \"!\". Only group members with a password will be allowed to use <_:"
+"command-2/> to join the named <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "--administrators"
+msgstr "administratorer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:204 gpasswd.1.xml.out:216
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>,..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:208
+msgid "Set the list of administrative users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "members"
+msgid "--members"
+msgstr "medlemmer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:220
+msgid "Set the list of group members."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:232
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:234
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "file"
+msgid "file."
+msgstr "fil"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:230
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on "
+#| "the corresponding server."
+msgid ""
+"This tool only operates on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> "
+"Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+"Du kan ikke tilføje en bruger til en NIS eller LDAP-gruppe. Dette skal "
+"udføres på den tilsvarende server."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:283 groupadd.8.xml.out:357 groupdel.8.xml.out:34
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:41 groupdel.8.xml.out:47 groupdel.8.xml.out:57
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:66 groupdel.8.xml.out:165 groupmems.8.xml.out:221
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:341 login.defs.5.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:893
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:328 usermod.8.xml.out:623
+msgid "groupdel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:286 groupadd.8.xml.out:360 groupdel.8.xml.out:220
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:34 groupmod.8.xml.out:41 groupmod.8.xml.out:47
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:58 groupmod.8.xml.out:67 groupmod.8.xml.out:256
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:107 grpck.8.xml.out:283 login.defs.5.xml.out:311
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:896 userdel.8.xml.out:331 usermod.8.xml.out:626
+msgid "groupmod"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:289 grpck.8.xml.out:33 grpck.8.xml.out:40
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:46 grpck.8.xml.out:60 grpck.8.xml.out:116
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:128 grpck.8.xml.out:141 grpck.8.xml.out:184
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:234 gshadow.5.xml.out:159 login.defs.5.xml.out:318
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:339 pwconv.8.xml.out:198 pwconv.8.xml.out:242
+msgid "grpck"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:295 grpck.8.xml.out:95 grpck.8.xml.out:287
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:22 gshadow.5.xml.out:29 newgrp.1.xml.out:148
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:114 pwconv.8.xml.out:115 pwconv.8.xml.out:121
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:122 sg.1.xml.out:137 vipw.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "gshadow"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:293 newgrp.1.xml.out:146 sg.1.xml.out:135
+msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:275 newgrp.1.xml.out:128 sg.1.xml.out:117
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/><_:phrase-7/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:44
+msgid "create a new group"
+msgstr "opret en ny gruppe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:54 groupadd.8.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "NEWGROUP"
+msgstr "GRUPPE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates a new group account using the values "
+"specified on the command line plus the default values from the system. The "
+"new group will be entered into the system files as needed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:66
+msgid ""
+"Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, "
+"underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not "
+"allowed at the beginning of the groupname. Fully numeric groupnames and "
+"groupnames . or .. are also disallowed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgid "Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgstr "Brugernavne må kun være op til 32 tegn lange."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:94 groupadd.8.xml.out:95 groupadd.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:236 groupmems.8.xml.out:110 groupmod.8.xml.out:82
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:136 groupmod.8.xml.out:201 useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230 useradd.8.xml.out:264 useradd.8.xml.out:391
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:396 useradd.8.xml.out:557 useradd.8.xml.out:639
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:174 vipw.8.xml.out:90
+msgid "-g"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:91
+msgid ""
+"This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the "
+"specified group already exists. When used with <_:option-1/>, and the "
+"specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. <_:"
+"option-2/> is turned off)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:82 useradd.8.xml.out:230
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639 usermod.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "--gid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102 groupadd.8.xml.out:105 groupadd.8.xml.out:151
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73 groupmod.8.xml.out:82 groupmod.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:91 groupmod.8.xml.out:137 newusers.8.xml.out:300
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:469
+msgid "GID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:108 groupadd.8.xml.out:134 groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:195 groupmod.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:105
+msgid ""
+"The numerical value of the group's ID. <_:replaceable-1/> must be unique, "
+"unless the <_:option-2/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The "
+"default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-3/"
+"> and greater than every other group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:113 groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:195 groupmod.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:111 useradd.8.xml.out:541
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "See also the <option>-r</option> option and the <option>GID_MAX</option> "
+#| "description."
+msgid "See also the <_:option-1/> option and the <_:option-2/> description."
+msgstr ""
+"Se også tilvalget <option>-r</option> og beskrivelsen <option>GID_MAX</"
+"option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 groupadd.8.xml.out:131 groupadd.8.xml.out:134
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:314 useradd.8.xml.out:317 useradd.8.xml.out:319
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:320
+msgid "-K"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "--key"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "KEY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "VALUE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:124 useradd.8.xml.out:302
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>OTHER</"
+#| "replaceable>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>=<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>ANDEN</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:128
+msgid ""
+"Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others). Multiple "
+"<_:option-2/> options can be specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:134 useradd.8.xml.out:320
+msgid "100"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:321
+msgid "499"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> <_:option-4/> "
+"<_:replaceable-5/>=<_:replaceable-6/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:138 groupadd.8.xml.out:333 groupdel.8.xml.out:192
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:295 useradd.8.xml.out:853 userdel.8.xml.out:265
+msgid "10"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:137
+msgid ""
+"Note: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/>,<_:replaceable-4/"
+">=<_:replaceable-5/> doesn't work yet."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:145 groupmod.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:405
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "--non-unique"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:148
+msgid ""
+"permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID. As a "
+"result, for this <_:replaceable-1/>, the mapping towards group <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> may not be unique."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmems.8.xml.out:55 groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:143 login.1.xml.out:80 login.1.xml.out:88
+#: login.1.xml.out:95 login.1.xml.out:212 su.1.xml.out:207
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:237 usermod.8.xml.out:290
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:411 vipw.8.xml.out:102
+msgid "-p"
+msgstr "-p"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmod.8.xml.out:143 useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+msgid "--password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmod.8.xml.out:143 useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+msgid "PASSWORD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:163 groupmod.8.xml.out:148 gshadow.5.xml.out:62
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:68 passwd.5.xml.out:103 passwd.5.xml.out:109
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:170 shadow.5.xml.out:88 shadow.5.xml.out:94
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:430 useradd.8.xml.out:887 usermod.8.xml.out:295
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:614
+msgid "crypt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:164 groupadd.8.xml.out:315 groupmod.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:271 groups.1.xml.out:68 groups.1.xml.out:104
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:255 gshadow.5.xml.out:63 gshadow.5.xml.out:69
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:443 passwd.5.xml.out:104 passwd.5.xml.out:110
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:170 passwd.5.xml.out:176 pwck.8.xml.out:305
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:34 shadow.3.xml.out:217 shadow.5.xml.out:89
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:95 useradd.8.xml.out:431 useradd.8.xml.out:829
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:887 usermod.8.xml.out:296 usermod.8.xml.out:614
+msgid "3"
+msgstr "3"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:161
+msgid ""
+"defines an initial password for the group account. PASSWORD is expected to "
+"be encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:166
+msgid ""
+"Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password "
+"defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths "
+"system account file <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:173 groupmod.8.xml.out:152 useradd.8.xml.out:444
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:93 usermod.8.xml.out:299
+msgid "Note:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:172 groupmod.8.xml.out:151
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> This option is not recommended because the password (or "
+"encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:177 groupmod.8.xml.out:156 useradd.8.xml.out:448
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:309
+msgid ""
+"You should make sure the password respects the system's password policy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:185 newusers.8.xml.out:287 useradd.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "--system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "Create a system group."
+msgstr "Opret en systemgruppe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "SYS_GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "SYS_GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:191
+msgid ""
+"The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the <_:option-1/>-"
+"<_:option-2/> range, defined in <_:filename-3/>, instead of <_:option-4/>-<_:"
+"option-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupdel.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502 userdel.8.xml.out:136 usermod.8.xml.out:341
+msgid "-P"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupdel.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502 userdel.8.xml.out:136 usermod.8.xml.out:341
+msgid "--prefix"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupadd.8.xml.out:219 groupdel.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:106 groupdel.8.xml.out:108 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:181 groupmod.8.xml.out:183 useradd.8.xml.out:502
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:507 userdel.8.xml.out:136 userdel.8.xml.out:140
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:142 usermod.8.xml.out:341 usermod.8.xml.out:346
+msgid "PREFIX_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:505
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under "
+"the directory <_:replaceable-1/>. This option does not chroot and is "
+"intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and "
+"LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host "
+"files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:229 groupadd.8.xml.out:237 groupmod.8.xml.out:194
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:202 useradd.8.xml.out:96 useradd.8.xml.out:397
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:549 useradd.8.xml.out:558 usermod.8.xml.out:238
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:405
+msgid "-U"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:229 groupmod.8.xml.out:194
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "--users"
+msgstr "bruger"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:232 groupmod.8.xml.out:197
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Administrators can change the password or the members of the group."
+msgid "A list of usernames to add as members of the group."
+msgstr "Administratorer kan ændre adgangskoden eller medlemmerne af gruppen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:237 groupmod.8.xml.out:202 useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:386 useradd.8.xml.out:397 useradd.8.xml.out:558
+msgid "-N"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:238 groupmod.8.xml.out:203 login.defs.5.xml.out:448
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:97 useradd.8.xml.out:240 useradd.8.xml.out:398
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:559 userdel.8.xml.out:86 userdel.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:235 groupmod.8.xml.out:200 useradd.8.xml.out:395
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:556
+msgid ""
+"The default behavior (if the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, and <_:option-3/> "
+"options are not specified) is defined by the <_:option-4/> variable in <_:"
+"filename-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:286
+msgid ""
+"You may not add a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:290
+msgid ""
+"If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or "
+"LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the group creation request."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:317 passwd.1.xml.out:463 useradd.8.xml.out:831
+msgid "invalid argument to option"
+msgstr "Ugyldigt argument for tilvalg"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:321 groupmod.8.xml.out:277 grpck.8.xml.out:261
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:449 pwck.8.xml.out:311 useradd.8.xml.out:835
+msgid "4"
+msgstr "4"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:323
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "UID already in use (and no <option>-o</option>)"
+msgid "GID is already used (when called without <_:option-1/>)"
+msgstr "UID er allerede i brug (og intet <option>-o</option>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:327 groupmod.8.xml.out:289 useradd.8.xml.out:847
+msgid "9"
+msgstr "9"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:329
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "group name is already used"
+msgstr "gruppenavn er allerede i brug"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:335 groupdel.8.xml.out:194 useradd.8.xml.out:855
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:267
+msgid "can't update group file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:369 groupdel.8.xml.out:226 groupmems.8.xml.out:227
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:350 login.defs.5.xml.out:480 useradd.8.xml.out:913
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:39 userdel.8.xml.out:46 userdel.8.xml.out:51
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:62 userdel.8.xml.out:71 userdel.8.xml.out:82
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211 userdel.8.xml.out:232 userdel.8.xml.out:283
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:298 userdel.8.xml.out:300 usermod.8.xml.out:643
+msgid "userdel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:372 groupdel.8.xml.out:229 groupmems.8.xml.out:230
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:353 login.defs.5.xml.out:490 passwd.1.xml.out:488
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:140 pwck.8.xml.out:348 useradd.8.xml.out:916
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:345 usermod.8.xml.out:40 usermod.8.xml.out:47
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:53 usermod.8.xml.out:64 usermod.8.xml.out:72
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:263 usermod.8.xml.out:522
+msgid "usermod"
+msgstr "usermod"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:344 groupmod.8.xml.out:324
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-10/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:42
+msgid "delete a group"
+msgstr "slet en gruppe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:51 groupdel.8.xml.out:59 groupmod.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:59 groupmod.8.xml.out:86 groupmod.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:125 suauth.5.xml.out:85 suauth.5.xml.out:87
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230 useradd.8.xml.out:249 useradd.8.xml.out:392
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639 useradd.8.xml.out:648 usermod.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "GROUP"
+msgstr "GRUPPE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>usermod</command> command modifies the system account files "
+#| "to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all "
+"entries that refer to <_:replaceable-2/>. The named group must exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Kommandoen <command>usermod</command> ændrer systemkontofilerne så de "
+"reflekterer ændringerne som angives på kommandolinjen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"This option forces the removal of the group, even if there's some user "
+"having the group as the primary one."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:105 groupmod.8.xml.out:180 userdel.8.xml.out:139
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration "
+"files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. This option does not chroot and "
+"is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS "
+"and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host "
+"files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:122
+msgid ""
+"You may not remove the primary group of any existing user. You must remove "
+"the user before you remove the group."
+msgstr ""
+"De kan ikke fjerne den primære gruppe for en eksisterende bruger. Du skal "
+"fjerne brugeren før du fjerner gruppen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:126
+msgid ""
+"You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain "
+"owned by this group."
+msgstr ""
+"Du skal manuelt kontrollere alle filsystemer for at sikre dig, at ingen "
+"filer fortsat er ejet af denne gruppe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:180 groupmod.8.xml.out:283 passwd.1.xml.out:461
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:323 useradd.8.xml.out:841 userdel.8.xml.out:253
+msgid "6"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:182 useradd.8.xml.out:843
+msgid "specified group doesn't exist"
+msgstr "angivet gruppe findes ikke"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "can't remove user's primary group"
+msgstr "Kan ikke fjerne brugers primære gruppe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:203 login.1.xml.out:375 shadow.5.xml.out:260
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:18
+msgid "George"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:19
+msgid "Kraft"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/lineage
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:20
+msgid "IV"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:21
+msgid "Creation, 2000"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:37 groupmems.8.xml.out:44 groupmems.8.xml.out:50
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:63 groupmems.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:71
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:78 groupmems.8.xml.out:159 groupmems.8.xml.out:163
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:305
+msgid "groupmems"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:45
+msgid "administer members of a user's primary group"
+msgstr "administrer medlemmer for en brugers primære gruppe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:52
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-a <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:53
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-d <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-d <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-d <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:54
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-h <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-g <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-h <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:62
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command allows a user to administer their own group "
+"membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges. The <_:"
+"command-2/> utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their "
+"own name sake primary group (i.e., guest / guest)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Administrators can change the password or the members of the group."
+msgid ""
+"Only the superuser, as administrator, can use <_:command-1/> to alter the "
+"memberships of other groups."
+msgstr "Administratorer kan ændre adgangskoden eller medlemmerne af gruppen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Add an user to the group membership list."
+msgid "Add a user to the group membership list."
+msgstr "Tilføj en bruger til listen over gruppemedlemmer."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:86 groupmems.8.xml.out:102 groupmems.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file exist, and the group has no "
+#| "entry in the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file, a new entry will be "
+#| "created."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:filename-1/> file exist, and the group has no entry in the <_:"
+"filename-2/> file, a new entry will be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Hvis filen <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> findes, og gruppen ikke har et "
+"punkt i filen <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, så vil et nyt punkt blive "
+"oprettet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "Delete a user from the group membership list."
+msgstr "Slet en bruger fra listen over gruppemedlemskab."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:97
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:filename-1/> file exist, the user will be removed from the list of "
+"members and administrators of the group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110 vipw.8.xml.out:90
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "--group"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:112
+msgid "The superuser can specify which group membership list to modify."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "List the group membership list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+msgid "--purge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:132
+msgid "Purge all users from the group membership list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:157
+msgid "SETUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/literal
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:160
+msgid "2710"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:161 groupmems.8.xml.out:162 groups.1.xml.out:33
+#: groups.1.xml.out:40 groups.1.xml.out:46 groups.1.xml.out:56
+msgid "groups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> executable should be in mode <_:literal-2/> as user <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> and in group <_:emphasis-4/>. The system administrator can add "
+"users to group <_:emphasis-5/> to allow or disallow them using the <_:"
+"command-6/> utility to manage their own group membership list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:167
+msgid ""
+"$ groupadd -r groups $ chmod 2710 groupmems $ chown root.groups groupmems $ "
+"groupmems -g groups -a gk4"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "secure group account information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:42
+msgid "modify a group definition on the system"
+msgstr "ændr en gruppedefinition på systemet"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the definition of the specified <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73 usermod.8.xml.out:78
+msgid "--append"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If group members are specified with -U, append them to the existing member "
+"list, rather than replacing it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:85
+msgid ""
+"The group ID of the given <_:replaceable-1/> will be changed to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:89
+msgid ""
+"The value of <_:replaceable-1/> must be a non-negative decimal integer. This "
+"value must be unique, unless the <_:option-2/> option is used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:95
+msgid ""
+"Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to keep the group "
+"as their primary group."
+msgstr ""
+"Brugere som bruger gruppen som primær gruppe vil blive opdateret for at "
+"beholde gruppen som deres primære gruppe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid ""
+"Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>, must have their group ID changed manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:395
+msgid ""
+"No checks will be performed with regard to the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, "
+"<_:option-3/>, or <_:option-4/> from <_:filename-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+msgid "-n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "--new-name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121 groupmod.8.xml.out:126
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "NEW_GROUP"
+msgstr "GRUPPE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"The name of the group will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"When used with the <_:option-1/> option, allow to change the group <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> to a non-unique value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "The encrypted password, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:261
+msgid "E_SUCCESS: success"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:267
+msgid "E_USAGE: invalid command syntax"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:273
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "invalid argument to option"
+msgid "E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option"
+msgstr "Ugyldigt argument for tilvalg"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:279
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use"
+msgstr "gruppenavn er allerede i brug"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:285
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "specified group doesn't exist"
+msgid "E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn't exist"
+msgstr "angivet gruppe findes ikke"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:291
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use"
+msgstr "gruppenavn er allerede i brug"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:297
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "can't update group files"
+msgid "E_GRP_UPDATE: can't update group file"
+msgstr "kan ikke opdatere gruppefiler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:301
+msgid "11"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can't setup cleanup service"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:307 useradd.8.xml.out:859 userdel.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "12"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "E_PAM_USERNAME: can't determine your username for use with pam"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:313
+msgid "13"
+msgstr "13"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:315
+msgid ""
+"E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the "
+"PAM error message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groups.1.xml.out:41
+msgid "display current group names"
+msgstr "vis aktuelle gruppenavne"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:55
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command displays the current group names or ID values. If "
+"the value does not have a corresponding entry in <_:filename-2/>, the value "
+"will be displayed as the numerical group value. The optional <_:"
+"replaceable-3/> parameter will display the groups for the named user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:68 groups.1.xml.out:104
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "initgroups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: groups.1.xml.out:71 newgrp.1.xml.out:139 sg.1.xml.out:34 sg.1.xml.out:41
+#: sg.1.xml.out:47 sg.1.xml.out:59 sg.1.xml.out:62 sg.1.xml.out:64
+#: sg.1.xml.out:67 sg.1.xml.out:68 su.1.xml.out:421
+msgid "sg"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:66
+msgid ""
+"Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see <_:citerefentry-1/>) "
+"will have the information from <_:filename-2/> reported. The user must use "
+"<_:command-3/> or <_:command-4/> to change his current real and effective "
+"group ID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:95
+msgid "getgid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:98
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "getgroups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:101
+msgid "getuid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:90 gshadow.5.xml.out:151 pwck.8.xml.out:334
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:17 lastlog.8.xml.out:19 pwck.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "Creation, 1992"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "verify integrity of group files"
+msgstr "verificer integritet for gruppefiler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:62 grpck.8.xml.out:165 grpck.8.xml.out:185
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:59
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the groups information. "
+"It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/> have the proper "
+"format and contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that "
+"are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:69 pwck.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "Checks are made to verify that each entry has:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:73 pwck.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "the correct number of fields"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "a unique and valid group name"
+msgstr "et unikt og gyldigt gruppenavn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:81
+msgid "(<_:filename-1/> only)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:79
+msgid "a valid group identifier <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:88
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "and administrators"
+msgstr "administratorer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:86
+msgid "a valid list of members <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:92
+msgid ""
+"a corresponding entry in the <_:filename-1/> file (respectively <_:"
+"filename-2/> for the <_:filename-3/> checks)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal. If "
+"an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete "
+"the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further "
+"checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for "
+"deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All other errors are "
+"warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/> command to "
+"correct the error."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:113 newusers.8.xml.out:67 newusers.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "fil"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:111
+msgid ""
+"The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/><_:phrase-3/> "
+"are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-4/> should "
+"be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:123 pwck.8.xml.out:154
+msgid "The <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options cannot be combined."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 pwck.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "--read-only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:143 login.defs.5.xml.out:134 login.defs.5.xml.out:136
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:246
+msgid "no"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:140
+msgid ""
+"Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode. This causes all "
+"questions regarding changes to be answered <_:emphasis-2/> without user "
+"intervention."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:161 pwck.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "--sort"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:163
+msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> by GID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172 lastlog.8.xml.out:117 passwd.1.xml.out:161
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:291
+msgid "-S"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "--silence-warnings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:178
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/gshadow"
+msgid "/etc/ghadow"
+msgstr "/etc/gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:174
+msgid ""
+"Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about "
+"inconsistency between group members listed in <_:filename-1/> and <_:"
+"filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "parameter."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:190
+msgid "and <_:emphasis-1/> parameters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"By default, <_:command-1/> operates on <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/>. The "
+"user may select alternate files with the <_:emphasis-4/> <_:phrase-5/> <_:"
+"phrase-6/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:251
+msgid "one or more bad group entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:257
+msgid "can't open group files"
+msgstr "kan ikke åbne gruppefiler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:263
+msgid "can't lock group files"
+msgstr "kan ikke låse gruppefiler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:269
+msgid "can't update group files"
+msgstr "kan ikke opdatere gruppefiler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/citerefentry
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:286
+msgid "<_:refentrytitle-1/><_:manvolnum-2/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:278
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>, "
+"<_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Creation, 2005"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:30
+msgid "shadowed group file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:35
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> contains the shadowed information for group accounts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:40 shadow.5.xml.out:52
+msgid ""
+"This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to "
+"be maintained."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:45
+msgid "Each line of this file contains the following colon-separated fields:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:51
+msgid "group name"
+msgstr "gruppenavn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:53
+msgid "It must be a valid group name, which exist on the system."
+msgstr "Det skal være et gyldigt gruppenavn, som findes på systemet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:59 shadow.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "encrypted password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:61 passwd.5.xml.out:102 shadow.5.xml.out:87
+msgid ""
+"Refer to <_:citerefentry-1/> for details on how this string is interpreted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:66
+msgid ""
+"If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix "
+"password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:73
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally "
+#| "modified using the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utility."
+msgid ""
+"The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to "
+"gain the permissions of this group (see <_:citerefentry-1/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Den nye værdi for brugerens kommentar kommentarfelt i adgangskodefilen. Den "
+"ændres normalt med redskabet <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:79
+msgid ""
+"This field may be empty, in which case only the group members can gain the "
+"group permissions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:83 shadow.5.xml.out:81
+msgid ""
+"A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the "
+"password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the "
+"password field before the password was locked."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:89
+msgid "This password supersedes any password specified in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "administrators"
+msgstr "administratorer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:99 gshadow.5.xml.out:115
+msgid "It must be a comma-separated list of user names."
+msgstr "Det skal være en kommaadskilt liste af brugernavne."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:102
+msgid "Administrators can change the password or the members of the group."
+msgstr "Administratorer kan ændre adgangskoden eller medlemmerne af gruppen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:106
+msgid ""
+"Administrators also have the same permissions as the members (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Administratorer har også de samme rettigheder som medlemmerne (se nedenfor)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:113
+msgid "members"
+msgstr "medlemmer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:118
+msgid "Members can access the group without being prompted for a password."
+msgstr "Medlemmer kan tilgå gruppen uden at blive spurgt efter en adgangskode."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:122
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You should use the same list of users as in <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid "You should use the same list of users as in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Du skal bruge den samme liste over brugere som i <filename>/etc/group</"
+"filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:162 login.defs.5.xml.out:324 pwconv.8.xml.out:48
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:67 pwconv.8.xml.out:113 pwconv.8.xml.out:134
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:166 pwconv.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "grpconv"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:35 lastlog.8.xml.out:42 lastlog.8.xml.out:48
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:58 lastlog.8.xml.out:70 lastlog.8.xml.out:172
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:337
+msgid "lastlog"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:43
+msgid "reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:59 lastlog.8.xml.out:197 lastlog.8.xml.out:214
+msgid "/var/log/lastlog"
+msgstr "/var/log/lastlog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:60
+msgid "login-name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:60
+msgid "port"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:61
+msgid "last login time"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> formats and prints the contents of the last login log <_:"
+"filename-2/> file. The <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/>, and <_:emphasis-5/> "
+"will be printed. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be "
+"printed, sorted by their order in <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75 useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:592
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:89
+msgid "-b"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "--before"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:78
+msgid "Print only lastlog records older than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "-C"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "--clear"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:88
+msgid ""
+"Clear lastlog record of a user. This option can be used only together with "
+"<_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:117
+msgid "--set"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:120
+msgid ""
+"Set lastlog record of a user to the current time. This option can be used "
+"only together with <_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:131
+msgid "Print the lastlog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:142
+msgid "Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:158
+msgid "** Never logged in**"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:157
+msgid ""
+"If the user has never logged in the message <_:emphasis-1/> will be "
+"displayed instead of the port and time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:162
+msgid ""
+"Only the entries for the current users of the system will be displayed. "
+"Other entries may exist for users that were deleted previously."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:175
+msgid "ls -l"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "ls -s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:171
+msgid ""
+"The <_:filename-1/> file is a database which contains info on the last login "
+"of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse file, so its size on "
+"the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by \"<_:command-2/"
+">\" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in <_:filename-3/> "
+"users with a high UID). You can display its real size with \"<_:command-4/"
+">\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "Database times of previous user logins."
+msgstr "Databasetider for tidligere brugerlogind."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"Large gaps in UID numbers will cause the lastlog program to run longer with "
+"no output to the screen (i.e. if in lastlog database there is no entries for "
+"users with UID between 170 and 800 lastlog will appear to hang as it "
+"processes entries with UIDs 171-799)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:213
+msgid ""
+"Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the <_:term-1/> with "
+"external tools. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much "
+"space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by "
+"default and may require a specific option to handle them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: limits.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Luca"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: limits.5.xml.out:18
+msgid "Berra"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: limits.5.xml.out:19 vipw.8.xml.out:19
+msgid "Creation, 1997"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:35 limits.5.xml.out:42 limits.5.xml.out:50
+msgid "limits"
+msgstr "limits"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: limits.5.xml.out:43
+msgid "resource limits definition"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: limits.5.xml.out:51 limits.5.xml.out:175
+msgid "/etc/limits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: limits.5.xml.out:52
+msgid "config.h"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:49
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> file (<_:filename-2/> by default or LIMITS_FILE defined "
+"<_:filename-3/>) describes the resource limits you wish to impose. It should "
+"be owned by root and readable by root account only."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"By default no quota is imposed on 'root'. In fact, there is no way to impose "
+"limits via this procedure to root-equiv accounts (accounts with UID 0)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:"
+msgstr "Hver linje beskriver en begrænsning for en bruger i formen:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "user LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "bruger LIMITS_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:69
+msgid "or in the form:"
+msgstr "eller i formen:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "@group LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "@group LIMITS_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:76 limits.5.xml.out:112
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user LIMITS_STRING"
+msgid "LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "bruger LIMITS_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits. "
+"Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "The valid identifiers are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:84
+msgid "A: max address space (KB)"
+msgstr "A: Maks. adresserum (KB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "C: max core file size (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:86
+msgid "D: max data size (KB)"
+msgstr "D: Maks. datastørrelse (KB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "F: maximum filesize (KB)"
+msgid "F: maximum file size (KB)"
+msgstr "F: Maks filstørrelse (KB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:90
+msgid "umask"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:88
+msgid "K: file creation mask, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:93
+msgid "I: max nice value (0..39 which translates to 20..-19)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:95
+msgid "L: max number of logins for this user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:96
+msgid "M: max locked-in-memory address space (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "N: max number of open files"
+msgstr "N: Maks antal åbne filer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:98
+msgid "O: max real time priority"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:101 limits.5.xml.out:188
+msgid "setpriority"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:99
+msgid "P: process priority, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:104
+msgid "R: max resident set size (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:105
+msgid "S: max stack size (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:106
+msgid "T: max CPU time (MIN)"
+msgstr "T: Maks CPU-tid (MIN)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:107
+msgid "U: max number of processes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:111
+msgid "L2D2048N5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:110
+msgid ""
+"For example, <_:emphasis-1/> is a valid <_:emphasis-2/>. For reading "
+"convenience, the following entries are equivalent:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: limits.5.xml.out:116
+msgid "username L2D2048N5 username L2 D2048 N5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: limits.5.xml.out:122 login.1.xml.out:83 login.1.xml.out:91
+#: login.1.xml.out:197 su.1.xml.out:70 su.1.xml.out:82 su.1.xml.out:95
+#: su.1.xml.out:153 su.1.xml.out:155 useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid "username"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:121
+msgid ""
+"Be aware that after <_:emphasis-1/> the rest of the line is considered a "
+"limit string, thus comments are not allowed. An invalid limits string will "
+"be rejected (not considered) by the <_:command-2/> program."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:129
+msgid "*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:130
+msgid "default"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:131
+msgid "LIMITS_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:128
+msgid ""
+"The default entry is denoted by username \"<_:emphasis-1/>\". If you have "
+"multiple <_:emphasis-2/> entries in your <_:emphasis-3/>, then the last one "
+"will be used as the default entry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: limits.5.xml.out:136 limits.5.xml.out:148
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "@group"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"The limits specified in the form \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" apply to the members "
+"of the specified <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:141
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If more than one line with limits for an user exist, only the first line "
+#| "for this user will be considered."
+msgid ""
+"If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for "
+"this user will be considered."
+msgstr ""
+"Hvis mere end en linje med begrænsninger for en bruger findes, så vil kun "
+"den første linje for denne bruger indgå."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:146
+msgid ""
+"If no lines are specified for a user, the last <_:replaceable-1/> line "
+"matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the "
+"last line with default limits if no groups contain the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: limits.5.xml.out:155 limits.5.xml.out:160 login.access.5.xml.out:72
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:47 newgrp.1.xml.out:56 sg.1.xml.out:48 su.1.xml.out:67
+#: su.1.xml.out:84 su.1.xml.out:93 su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:152
+msgid "-"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:153
+msgid ""
+"To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" "
+"will do."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"To disable a limit for a user, a single dash \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" can be "
+"used instead of the numerical value for this limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:164
+msgid ""
+"Also, please note that all limit settings are set PER LOGIN. They are not "
+"global, nor are they permanent. Perhaps global limits will come, but for now "
+"this will have to do ;)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:191
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "limits"
+msgid "setrlimit"
+msgstr "limits"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "begin session on the system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: login.1.xml.out:81 login.1.xml.out:89 login.1.xml.out:96
+msgid "host"
+msgstr "vært"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: login.1.xml.out:81 login.1.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-h <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-h <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-h <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: login.1.xml.out:84
+msgid "ENV=VAR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: login.1.xml.out:96
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-r <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-r <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-r <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "login:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:109
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/nologin"
+msgid "exec login"
+msgstr "/etc/nologin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:102
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program is used to establish a new session with the "
+"system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> prompt on the user's terminal. <_:command-3/> may be special to "
+"the shell and may not be invoked as a sub-process. When called from a shell, "
+"<_:command-4/> should be executed as <_:emphasis-5/> which will cause the "
+"user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in "
+"user to return to the session of the caller). Attempting to execute <_:"
+"command-6/> from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:116
+msgid ""
+"The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is "
+"disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of password "
+"failures are permitted before <_:command-1/> exits and the communications "
+"link is severed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:123
+msgid ""
+"If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for "
+"a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to provide your old "
+"password and the new password before continuing. Please refer to <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:135 login.1.xml.out:341
+msgid "/etc/motd"
+msgstr "/etc/motd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:136
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+msgid ".hushlogin"
+msgstr "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:137
+msgid "You have new mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:138
+msgid "You have mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:139
+msgid "No Mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and "
+"the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of the system message "
+"file, <_:filename-1/>, by creating a zero-length file <_:filename-2/> in "
+"your login directory. The mail message will be one of \"<_:emphasis-3/>\", "
+"\"<_:emphasis-4/>\", or \"<_:emphasis-5/>\" according to the condition of "
+"your mailbox."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 passwd.5.xml.out:126 su.1.xml.out:247
+msgid "$HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 passwd.5.xml.out:133 su.1.xml.out:179 su.1.xml.out:199
+#: su.1.xml.out:247
+msgid "$SHELL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#. (itstool) path: term/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 su.1.xml.out:105 su.1.xml.out:215 su.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "$PATH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:147 su.1.xml.out:248
+msgid "$LOGNAME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:147 su.1.xml.out:275
+msgid "$MAIL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:143
+msgid ""
+"Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the <_:"
+"filename-1/> file. The value for <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, "
+"<_:envar-5/>, and <_:envar-6/> are set according to the appropriate fields "
+"in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set "
+"according to entries in the GECOS field."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:154 su.1.xml.out:264
+msgid "$TERM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:155 login.1.xml.out:353
+msgid "/etc/ttytype"
+msgstr "/etc/ttytype"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:152
+msgid ""
+"On some installations, the environmental variable <_:envar-1/> will be "
+"initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in <_:"
+"filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"An initialization script for your command interpreter may also be executed. "
+"Please see the appropriate manual section for more information on this "
+"function."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:164 su.1.xml.out:112
+msgid ""
+"A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a \"*\" as the first "
+"character of the login shell. The given home directory will be used as the "
+"root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:173 login.1.xml.out:249 login.1.xml.out:401
+msgid "getty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:175 login.1.xml.out:251
+msgid "init"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:178 login.1.xml.out:254
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:170 login.1.xml.out:246
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program is NOT responsible for removing users from the "
+"utmp file. It is the responsibility of <_:citerefentry-2/> and <_:"
+"citerefentry-3/> to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session. If "
+"you use <_:command-4/> from the shell prompt without <_:command-5/>, the "
+"user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out "
+"of the \"subsession\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:193
+msgid "Do not perform authentication, user is preauthenticated."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:196
+msgid "Note: In that case, <_:replaceable-1/> is mandatory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:207
+msgid "Name of the remote host for this login."
+msgstr "Navn på den eksterne vært for dette logind."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:215
+msgid "Preserve environment."
+msgstr "Bevar miljø."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:223
+msgid "Perform autologin protocol for rlogin."
+msgstr "Udfør autologin-protokol for rlogin."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:228
+msgid ""
+"The <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> options are only used "
+"when <_:command-4/> is invoked by root."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:237 su.1.xml.out:307
+msgid ""
+"This version of <_:command-1/> has many compilation options, only some of "
+"which may be in use at any particular site."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:242
+msgid ""
+"The location of files is subject to differences in system configuration."
+msgstr "Placeringen af filer er underlagt forskelle i systemkonfiguration."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:258
+msgid ""
+"As with any program, <_:command-1/>'s appearance can be faked. If non-"
+"trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this "
+"to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the "
+"machine. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a "
+"trusted path and prevent this kind of attack."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:317 logoutd.8.xml.out:56 logoutd.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "/var/run/utmp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:319 logoutd.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "List of current login sessions."
+msgstr "Liste over aktuelle logindsessioner."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:323
+msgid "/var/log/wtmp"
+msgstr "/var/log/wtmp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:325
+msgid "List of previous login sessions."
+msgstr "Liste over tidligere logindsessioner."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:343
+msgid "System message of the day file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:347
+msgid "/etc/nologin"
+msgstr "/etc/nologin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:349
+msgid "Prevent non-root users from logging in."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:355
+msgid "List of terminal types."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:359
+msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+msgstr "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:361
+msgid "Suppress printing of system messages."
+msgstr "Undertryk udskrivning af systembeskeder."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:377
+msgid "mail"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:383 su.1.xml.out:424
+msgid "sh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:386 login.defs.5.xml.out:436 login.defs.5.xml.out:520
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:536 newgrp.1.xml.out:136 passwd.5.xml.out:197
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:283 sg.1.xml.out:128 su.1.xml.out:50 su.1.xml.out:57
+#: su.1.xml.out:62 su.1.xml.out:81 su.1.xml.out:83 su.1.xml.out:121
+#: su.1.xml.out:201 su.1.xml.out:239 su.1.xml.out:308 su.1.xml.out:368
+#: su.1.xml.out:372 su.1.xml.out:377 su.1.xml.out:381 suauth.5.xml.out:201
+msgid "su"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:392 nologin.8.xml.out:22 nologin.8.xml.out:29
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:35 nologin.8.xml.out:42 nologin.8.xml.out:48
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:63 nologin.8.xml.out:71
+msgid "nologin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:398
+msgid "securetty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:16 pwconv.8.xml.out:21 suauth.5.xml.out:15
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:17
+msgid "Marek"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:17 pwconv.8.xml.out:22 suauth.5.xml.out:16
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:18
+msgid "Michałkiewicz"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:34 login.access.5.xml.out:41
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:48 login.access.5.xml.out:54
+msgid "login.access"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:42
+msgid "login access control table"
+msgstr "kontroltabel for logindadgang"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:47
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, "
+"tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:53
+msgid ""
+"When someone logs in, the <_:emphasis-1/> is scanned for the first entry "
+"that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non-networked "
+"logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination. The "
+"permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be "
+"accepted or refused."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"Each line of the login access control table has three fields separated by a "
+"\":\" character:"
+msgstr ""
+"Hver linje i kontroltabellen for logindadagng har tre felter adskilt af "
+"tegnet »:«:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "permission denied"
+msgid "permission"
+msgstr "tilladelse nægtet"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "users"
+msgstr "bruger"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+msgid "origins"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>:<_:emphasis-3/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:71
+msgid "+"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:74 login.access.5.xml.out:78 suauth.5.xml.out:78
+msgid "ALL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/literal
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:76 login.access.5.xml.out:77
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:80
+msgid "."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "LOCAL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:70
+msgid ""
+"The first field should be a \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" (access granted) or \"<_:"
+"emphasis-2/>\" (access denied) character. The second field should be a list "
+"of one or more login names, group names, or <_:emphasis-3/> (always "
+"matches). The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non-"
+"networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with \"<_:literal-4/>\"), "
+"host addresses, internet network numbers (end with \"<_:literal-5/>\"), <_:"
+"emphasis-6/> (always matches) or <_:emphasis-7/> (matches any string that "
+"does not contain a \"<_:literal-8/>\" character). If you run NIS you can use "
+"@netgroupname in host or user patterns."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "EXCEPT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:84
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> operator makes it possible to write very compact rules."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:89
+msgid ""
+"The group file is searched only when a name does not match that of the "
+"logged-in user. Only groups are matched in which users are explicitly "
+"listed: the program does not look at a user's primary group id value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:110 porttime.5.xml.out:119 suauth.5.xml.out:199
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "shadow password suite configuration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:115
+msgid ""
+"The <_:filename-1/> file defines the site-specific configuration for the "
+"shadow password suite. This file is required. Absence of this file will not "
+"prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:122
+msgid ""
+"This file is a readable text file, each line of the file describing one "
+"configuration parameter. The lines consist of a configuration name and "
+"value, separated by whitespace. Blank lines and comment lines are ignored. "
+"Comments are introduced with a \"#\" pound sign and the pound sign must be "
+"the first non-white character of the line."
+msgstr ""
+"Denne fil er en læsbar tekstfil, hvier linje i filen beskriver en "
+"konfigurationsparameter. Linjerne består af et konfigurationsnavn og -værdi, "
+"adskilt af mellemrum. Tomme linjer og kommentarlinjer ignoreres. Kommentarer "
+"indledes med tegnet »#« og tegnet skal være det første tegn på linjen, som "
+"ikke er et mellemrum."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:133 useradd.8.xml.out:242 useradd.8.xml.out:380
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:87 userdel.8.xml.out:297
+msgid "yes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:140
+msgid "0x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:130
+msgid ""
+"Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long "
+"numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters. A boolean should "
+"be either the value <_:replaceable-1/> or <_:replaceable-2/>. An undefined "
+"boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a <_:"
+"replaceable-3/> value. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal "
+"values, octal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-4/>) or "
+"hexadecimal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-5/>). The maximum "
+"value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine-dependent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:145
+msgid "The following configuration items are provided:"
+msgstr "De følgende konfigurationspunkter tilbydes:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:193 pwconv.8.xml.out:146 useradd.8.xml.out:309
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:314
+msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:193 pwconv.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "PASS_MIN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:194 pwconv.8.xml.out:147
+msgid "PASS_WARN_AGE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: variablelist/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:192
+msgid ""
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> are only used at the time of "
+"account creation. Any changes to these settings won't affect existing "
+"accounts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:225
+msgid "CROSS REFERENCES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:226
+msgid ""
+"The following cross references show which programs in the shadow password "
+"suite use which parameters."
+msgstr ""
+"De følgende krydsreferencer viser hvilke programmer i shadows "
+"adgangskodeprogrampakke der bruger hvilke parametre."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:235 login.defs.5.xml.out:423 login.defs.5.xml.out:431
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:503 pwck.8.xml.out:75 pwck.8.xml.out:216
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:232 pwconv.8.xml.out:89 pwconv.8.xml.out:91
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:94 pwconv.8.xml.out:105 pwconv.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:242
+msgid "CHFN_AUTH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:244 login.defs.5.xml.out:359
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user LIMITS_STRING"
+msgid "LOGIN_STRING"
+msgstr "bruger LIMITS_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:241
+msgid "<_:phrase-1/> CHFN_RESTRICT <_:phrase-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:253 login.defs.5.xml.out:264 login.defs.5.xml.out:284
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:388 login.defs.5.xml.out:404
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:251 login.defs.5.xml.out:282
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:262
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:272
+msgid "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:292
+msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:301 login.defs.5.xml.out:307 login.defs.5.xml.out:313
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:320 login.defs.5.xml.out:326 login.defs.5.xml.out:332
+msgid "MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:330 pwconv.8.xml.out:49 pwconv.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:119 pwconv.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:167
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "grpunconv"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:339
+msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:346 login.defs.5.xml.out:439
+msgid "CONSOLE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:348
+msgid "ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:351
+msgid "FAILLOG_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:353
+msgid "FTMP_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:355
+msgid "ISSUE_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:357
+msgid "LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:361
+msgid ""
+"MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE "
+"PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:365
+msgid "ULIMIT UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:345
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY "
+"<_:phrase-3/> FAKE_SHELL <_:phrase-4/> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <_:phrase-5/> KILLCHAR "
+"<_:phrase-6/> LOGIN_RETRIES <_:phrase-7/> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+"LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <_:phrase-8/> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <_:phrase-9/> "
+"USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:372
+msgid "newgrp / sg"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:374
+msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:382
+msgid ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
+"HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/> "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:401
+msgid ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
+"PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:414
+msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:412 login.defs.5.xml.out:421
+msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:419 passwd.5.xml.out:188 pwconv.8.xml.out:39
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:46 pwconv.8.xml.out:55 pwconv.8.xml.out:83
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:88 pwconv.8.xml.out:90 pwconv.8.xml.out:134
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:144 pwconv.8.xml.out:165 pwconv.8.xml.out:216
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:277
+msgid "pwconv"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:428 passwd.5.xml.out:191 pwconv.8.xml.out:47
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:61 pwconv.8.xml.out:98 pwconv.8.xml.out:104
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:109 pwconv.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:157
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:166 shadow.5.xml.out:280
+msgid "pwunconv"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:441
+msgid "ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:443
+msgid "ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:446
+msgid "SU_WHEEL_ONLY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:438
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH "
+"<_:phrase-3/> SULOG_FILE SU_NAME <_:phrase-4/> SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <_:phrase-5/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:453 passwd.5.xml.out:200 shadow.5.xml.out:286
+msgid "sulogin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:457 su.1.xml.out:278
+msgid "ENV_TZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:455
+msgid "ENV_HZ <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:475
+msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:464
+msgid ""
+"CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR "
+"MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <_:"
+"phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:485 login.defs.5.xml.out:495
+msgid "TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:482
+msgid ""
+"MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB <_:"
+"phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:492
+msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:500 vipw.8.xml.out:35 vipw.8.xml.out:42
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:51 vipw.8.xml.out:67 vipw.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "vipw"
+msgstr "vipw"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:511 pwconv.8.xml.out:193 suauth.5.xml.out:179
+msgid "BUGS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:512
+msgid ""
+"Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow password "
+"suite is now handled by PAM. Thus, <_:filename-1/> is no longer used by <_:"
+"citerefentry-2/>, or less used by <_:citerefentry-3/>, and <_:citerefentry-4/"
+">. Please refer to the corresponding PAM configuration files instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:545
+msgid "pam"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:528
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:33 logoutd.8.xml.out:40 logoutd.8.xml.out:46
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:53 logoutd.8.xml.out:55
+msgid "logoutd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "enforce login time restrictions"
+msgstr "påtving restriktioner for logindperiode"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:54 logoutd.8.xml.out:60 logoutd.8.xml.out:68
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:87 porttime.5.xml.out:109
+msgid "/etc/porttime"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:56
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/group"
+msgid "/etc/rc"
+msgstr "/etc/group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:52
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in <_:"
+"filename-2/>. <_:command-3/> should be started from <_:filename-4/>. The <_:"
+"filename-5/> file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to "
+"see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time. "
+"Any login session which is violating the restrictions in <_:filename-6/> is "
+"terminated."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:70 porttime.5.xml.out:111
+msgid "File containing port access."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "log in to a new group"
+msgstr "log ind på en ny gruppe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:54
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>newgrp</command> command is used to change the current group "
+#| "ID during a login session. If the optional <option>-</option> flag is "
+#| "given, the user's environment will be reinitialized as though the user "
+#| "had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current "
+#| "working directory, remains unchanged."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to change the current group ID during a "
+"login session. If the optional <_:option-2/> flag is given, the user's "
+"environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, "
+"otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, "
+"remains unchanged."
+msgstr ""
+"Kommandoen <command>newgrp</command> bruges til at ændre den aktuelle grupp-"
+"id under en logindsession. Hvis det valgfrie flag <option>-</option> er "
+"angivet, så vil brugerens miljø blive geninitialiseres som om at brugeren "
+"havde logget ind, ellers bevares det aktuelle miljø, inklusiv aktuel "
+"arbejdsmappe, uændret."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:62
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to "
+"the default group listed in <_:filename-2/> if no group name is given. <_:"
+"command-3/> also tries to add the group to the user groupset. If not root, "
+"the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in "
+"<_:filename-4/> if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or "
+"in <_:filename-5/> otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not "
+"listed as a member and the group has a password. The user will be denied "
+"access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If there is an entry for this group in <_:filename-1/>, then the list of "
+"members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, "
+"otherwise, the entry in <_:filename-2/> is considered."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:130 sg.1.xml.out:119
+msgid "id"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "update and create new users in batch"
+msgstr "opdater og opret nye brugere i et job"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:74
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a <_:replaceable-2/> (or the standard input "
+"by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or "
+"to create new users. Each line is in the same format as the standard "
+"password file (see <_:citerefentry-3/>) with the exceptions explained below:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:87
+msgid "pw_name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:90
+msgid "This is the name of the user."
+msgstr "Dette er navnet på brugeren."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:93
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of an "
+#| "user created before by <command>newusers</command>), the UID of the "
+#| "specified user will be used."
+msgid ""
+"It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>). In case of an existing user, the user's "
+"information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Hvis dette felt indeholder navnet på en eksisterende bruger (eller navnet på "
+"en bruger oprettet før af <command>newusers</command>), så vil UID'en for "
+"den angivne bruger blive brugt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "pw_passwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:107
+msgid ""
+"This field will be encrypted and used as the new value of the encrypted "
+"password."
+msgstr ""
+"Dette felt vil være krypteret og brugt som den nye værdi for den krypterede "
+"adgangskode."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "pw_uid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "This field is used to define the UID of the user."
+msgstr "Dette flet bruges til at definere UID for brugeren."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:121
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the field is empty, an new (unused) UID will be defined automatically "
+#| "by <command>newusers</command>."
+msgid ""
+"If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by "
+"<_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Hvis feltet er tomt, vil en ny (ubrugt) UID blive defineret automatisk af "
+"<command>newusers</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "If this field contains a number, this number will be used as the UID."
+msgstr ""
+"Hvis dette felt indeholer et tal, så vil dette tal blive brugt som UID'en."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of an "
+#| "user created before by <command>newusers</command>), the UID of the "
+#| "specified user will be used."
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>), the UID of the specified user will be "
+"used."
+msgstr ""
+"Hvis dette felt indeholder navnet på en eksisterende bruger (eller navnet på "
+"en bruger oprettet før af <command>newusers</command>), så vil UID'en for "
+"den angivne bruger blive brugt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"If the UID of an existing user is changed, the files ownership of the user's "
+"file should be fixed manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Hvis UID'en for en eksisterende bruger har ændret sig, så skal filens "
+"ejerskab for brugerens fil rettes manuelt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:143
+msgid "pw_gid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "This field is used to define the primary group ID for the user."
+msgstr "Dette felt bruges til at definere det primære gruppe-id for brugeren."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:149
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of an "
+#| "user created before by <command>newusers</command>), the UID of the "
+#| "specified user will be used."
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created "
+"before by <_:command-1/>), the GID of this group will be used as the primary "
+"group ID for the user."
+msgstr ""
+"Hvis dette felt indeholder navnet på en eksisterende bruger (eller navnet på "
+"en bruger oprettet før af <command>newusers</command>), så vil UID'en for "
+"den angivne bruger blive brugt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:155
+msgid ""
+"If this field is a number, this number will be used as the primary group ID "
+"of the user. If no groups exist with this GID, a new group will be created "
+"with this GID, and the name of the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:161
+msgid ""
+"If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the "
+"user and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-1/> to be used as "
+"the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:167
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>), a new group will be created with the "
+"specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-2/> to "
+"be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:179
+msgid "pw_gecos"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:182
+msgid "This field is copied in the GECOS field of the user."
+msgstr "Dette felt er kopieret i GECOS-feltet for brugeren."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "pw_dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:192
+msgid "This field is used to define the home directory of the user."
+msgstr "Dette felt bruges til at definere hjemmemappen for brugeren."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "newusers does not create parent directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified "
+"directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or "
+"updated and its primary group. Note that <_:emphasis-1/> of the new user's "
+"home directory. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory "
+"if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr "
+"informing the user of the failure. The newusers command will not halt or "
+"return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home "
+"directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:208
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the home directory of an existing user is changed, <command>newusers</"
+#| "command> does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the "
+#| "new location. This should be done manually."
+msgid ""
+"If the home directory of an existing user is changed, <_:command-1/> does "
+"not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location. This "
+"should be done manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Hvis hjemmemappen for en eksisterende bruger ændres så flytter eller "
+"kopierer <command>newusers</command> ikke indholdet fra den gamle mappe til "
+"den nye placering. Dette ksal gøres manuelt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:218
+msgid "pw_shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:221
+msgid ""
+"This field defines the shell of the user. No checks are performed on this "
+"field."
+msgstr ""
+"Dette felt definerer brugerens skal. Ingen kontrollerer udføres på dette "
+"felt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:229
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> first tries to create or change all the specified users, and "
+"then write these changes to the user or group databases. If an error occurs "
+"(except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to "
+"the databases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:235
+msgid ""
+"During this first pass, users are created with a locked password (and "
+"passwords are not changed for the users which are not created). A second "
+"pass is used to update the passwords using PAM. Failures to update a "
+"password are reported, but will not stop the other password updates."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:243
+msgid ""
+"This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many "
+"accounts are updated at a single time."
+msgstr ""
+"Denne kommando skal bruges i store systemmiljøer hvor mange kontoer "
+"opdateres på en gang."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:257 pwck.8.xml.out:164 useradd.8.xml.out:108
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:89
+msgid "--badname"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:260 pwck.8.xml.out:167 useradd.8.xml.out:111
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "Allow names that do not conform to standards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:290 useradd.8.xml.out:459
+msgid "Create a system account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:297 useradd.8.xml.out:466 usermod.8.xml.out:398
+msgid "SYS_UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:297 useradd.8.xml.out:466 usermod.8.xml.out:398
+msgid "SYS_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:308 useradd.8.xml.out:319
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:468 useradd.8.xml.out:538 usermod.8.xml.out:397
+msgid "UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:308 useradd.8.xml.out:321
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:468 useradd.8.xml.out:543 usermod.8.xml.out:397
+msgid "UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:293 useradd.8.xml.out:462
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "System users will be created with no aging information in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "shadow</filename>, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the "
+#| "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> range, defined "
+#| "in <filename>login.defs</filename>, instead of <option>UID_MIN</option>-"
+#| "<option>UID_MAX</option> (and their <option>GID</option> counterparts for "
+#| "the creation of groups)."
+msgid ""
+"System users will be created with no aging information in <_:filename-1/>, "
+"and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the <_:option-2/>-<_:option-3/> "
+"range, defined in <_:filename-4/>, instead of <_:option-5/>-<_:option-6/> "
+"(and their <_:option-7/> counterparts for the creation of groups)."
+msgstr ""
+"Systembrugere vil blive oprettet uden aldersinformation i <filename>/etc/"
+"shadow</filename>, og deres numeriske identifikatører vælges i intervallet "
+"<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>, defineret i "
+"<filename>login.defs</filename>, i stedet for <option>UID_MIN</option>-"
+"<option>UID_MAX</option> (og deres <option>GID</option>-modparte for "
+"oprettelsen af grupper.)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:349
+msgid ""
+"The input file must be protected since it contains unencrypted passwords."
+msgstr ""
+"Inddatafilen skal beskyttes da den indeholder adgangskoder der ikke er "
+"krypteret."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:429
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/newusers"
+msgstr "/etc/pam.d/newusers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:435 useradd.8.xml.out:222 useradd.8.xml.out:481
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:785 userdel.8.xml.out:215 usermod.8.xml.out:587
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "/etc/subgid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:437 useradd.8.xml.out:787 userdel.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:441 useradd.8.xml.out:222 useradd.8.xml.out:480
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:791 userdel.8.xml.out:221 usermod.8.xml.out:593
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "/etc/subuid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:443 useradd.8.xml.out:793 userdel.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:460 useradd.8.xml.out:906 userdel.8.xml.out:335
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:633
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "subgid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:463 useradd.8.xml.out:909 userdel.8.xml.out:338
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:636
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "subuid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:458 useradd.8.xml.out:904 userdel.8.xml.out:333
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:631
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:30
+msgid "politely refuse a login"
+msgstr "nægt venligt et logind"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:41
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command displays a message that an account is not "
+"available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement shell field "
+"for accounts that have been disabled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:46
+msgid "To disable all logins, investigate <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:52
+msgid "SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:51
+msgid "If <_:command-1/> is populated it will be logged."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:69
+msgid "HISTORY"
+msgstr "HISTORIK"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The <command>nologin</command> command appearred in BSD 4.4."
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command appeared in BSD 4.4."
+msgstr "Kommandoen <command>nologin</command> fremkom i BSD 4.4."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:48
+msgid "change user password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:65
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes passwords for user accounts. A normal "
+"user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser "
+"may change the password for any account. <_:command-2/> also changes the "
+"account or associated password validity period."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "Password Changes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"The user is first prompted for their old password, if one is present. This "
+"password is then encrypted and compared against the stored password. The "
+"user has only one chance to enter the correct password. The superuser is "
+"permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten passwords may be changed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:83
+msgid ""
+"After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked "
+"to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time. If not, "
+"<_:command-1/> refuses to change the password and exits."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:90
+msgid ""
+"The user is then prompted twice for a replacement password. The second entry "
+"is compared against the first and both are required to match in order for "
+"the password to be changed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:96
+msgid ""
+"Then, the password is tested for complexity. As a general guideline, "
+"passwords should consist of 6 to 8 characters including one or more "
+"characters from each of the following sets:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "lower case alphabetics"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:107
+msgid "digits 0 thru 9"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "punctuation marks"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill "
+"characters. <_:command-1/> will reject any password which is not suitably "
+"complex."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "Hints for user passwords"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:127
+msgid "UNIX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption "
+"algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy <_:emphasis-1/> System "
+"encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm. More recent methods are "
+"now recommended (see <_:option-2/>). The size of the key space depends upon "
+"the randomness of the password which is selected."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"Compromises in password security normally result from careless password "
+"selection or handling. For this reason, you should not select a password "
+"which appears in a dictionary or which must be written down. The password "
+"should also not be a proper name, your license number, birth date, or street "
+"address. Any of these may be used as guesses to violate system security."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:142
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You can find advices on how to choose a strong password on http://en."
+#| "wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"
+msgid ""
+"You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en."
+"wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"
+msgstr ""
+"Du kan finde råd om hvordan du vælger en god adgangskode på http://en."
+"wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:160
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option can be used only with <option>-S</option> and causes show "
+#| "status for all users."
+msgid ""
+"This option can be used only with <_:option-1/> and causes show status for "
+"all users."
+msgstr ""
+"Dette tilvalg kan kun bruges med <option>-S</option> medfører vis status for "
+"alle brugere."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:171
+msgid ""
+"Delete a user's password (make it empty). This is a quick way to disable a "
+"password for an account. It will set the named account passwordless."
+msgstr ""
+"Slet en brugers adgangskode (gør den tom). Dette er en hurtig måde at "
+"deaktivere en adgangskode for en konto. Den vil sætte den navngivne konto "
+"uden adgangskode."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:180
+msgid "--expire"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"Immediately expire an account's password. This in effect can force a user to "
+"change their password at the user's next login."
+msgstr ""
+"Angiv øjeblikkelig en kontos adgangskode som udløbet. Dette kan tvinge en "
+"bruger til at ændre sin adgangskode ved brugerens næste logind."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:200
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is used to disable an account after the password has been "
+#| "expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired "
+#| "password for <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> days, the user may no "
+#| "longer sign on to the account."
+msgid ""
+"This option is used to disable an account after the password has been "
+"expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired "
+"password for <_:replaceable-1/> days, the user may no longer sign on to the "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"Denne indstilling bruges til at deaktivere en konto efter at adgangskoden er "
+"udløbet i et antal dage. Efter at en brugerkonto har haft en udløbet "
+"adgangskode for <replaceable>INAKTIV</replaceable> dage, kan brugeren ikke "
+"længere logge ind på kontoen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:210 useradd.8.xml.out:278 useradd.8.xml.out:356
+msgid "-k"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:210
+msgid "--keep-tokens"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:213
+msgid ""
+"Indicate password change should be performed only for expired authentication "
+"tokens (passwords). The user wishes to keep their non-expired tokens as "
+"before."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:222 usermod.8.xml.out:231
+msgid "--lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:225
+msgid ""
+"Lock the password of the named account. This option disables a password by "
+"changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it adds a "
+"´!´ at the beginning of the password)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:235
+msgid "usermod --expiredate 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:231
+msgid ""
+"Note that this does not disable the account. The user may still be able to "
+"login using another authentication token (e.g. an SSH key). To disable the "
+"account, administrators should use <_:command-1/> (this set the account's "
+"expire date to Jan 2, 1970)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:238
+msgid "Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:258 pwck.8.xml.out:179 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "-q"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:258 pwck.8.xml.out:179 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "--quiet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:261 vipw.8.xml.out:110
+msgid "Quiet mode."
+msgstr "Stille tilstand."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268
+msgid "--repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268 passwd.1.xml.out:272
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "EDITOR"
+msgid "REPOSITORY"
+msgstr "REDIGERINGSPROGRAM"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:271
+msgid "change password in <_:replaceable-1/> repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:291
+msgid "--status"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:294
+msgid ""
+"Display account status information. The status information consists of 7 "
+"fields. The first field is the user's login name. The second field indicates "
+"if the user account has a locked password (L), has no password (NP), or has "
+"a usable password (P). The third field gives the date of the last password "
+"change. The next four fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning "
+"period, and inactivity period for the password. These ages are expressed in "
+"days."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:309 usermod.8.xml.out:405
+msgid "--unlock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:312
+msgid ""
+"Unlock the password of the named account. This option re-enables a password "
+"by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before "
+"using the <_:option-1/> option)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:325
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The "
+"<_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password "
+"expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335
+msgid "-x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:338
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>, the password is required to be changed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:355
+msgid ""
+"Password complexity checking may vary from site to site. The user is urged "
+"to select a password as complex as he or she feels comfortable with."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:360
+msgid ""
+"Users may not be able to change their password on a system if NIS is enabled "
+"and they are not logged into the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:365
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> uses PAM to authenticate users and to change their passwords."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:411
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/passwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:439
+msgid "invalid combination of options"
+msgstr "Ugyldig kombination af tilvalg"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:445
+msgid "unexpected failure, nothing done"
+msgstr "uventet fejl, intet udført"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:451
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "unexpected failure, <filename>passwd</filename> file missing"
+msgid "unexpected failure, <_:filename-1/> file missing"
+msgstr "uventet fejl, <filename>passwd</filename>-filen mangler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:457
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<filename>passwd</filename> file busy, try again"
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> file busy, try again"
+msgstr "<filename>passwd</filename>-filen er optaget, forsøg igen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:472
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:phrase-4/> "
+"<_:citerefentry-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "the password file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:49 shadow.5.xml.out:59
+msgid ":"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:46
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> contains one line for each user account, with seven fields "
+"delimited by colons (<_:quote-2/>). These fields are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:54 shadow.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "login name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:57
+msgid "optional encrypted password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "numerical user ID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "numerical group ID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "user name or comment field"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:69
+msgid "user home directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "optional user command interpreter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:78
+msgid "x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "must"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:emphasis-1/> field is a lower-case <_:quote-2/>, then the "
+"encrypted password is actually stored in the <_:citerefentry-3/> file "
+"instead; there <_:emphasis-4/> be a corresponding line in the <_:filename-5/"
+"> file, or else the user account is invalid."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:90
+msgid "any"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:85
+msgid ""
+"The encrypted <_:emphasis-1/> field may be empty, in which case no password "
+"is required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some "
+"applications which read the <_:filename-2/> file may decide not to permit <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> access at all if the <_:emphasis-4/> field is blank."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:94
+msgid ""
+"A <_:emphasis-1/> field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the "
+"password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> field before the password was locked."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:107 shadow.5.xml.out:92
+msgid ""
+"If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a "
+"unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system "
+"utilities, such as <_:citerefentry-1/>. The use of an ampersand here will be "
+"replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed "
+"by such system utilities."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:123
+msgid ""
+"The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory. "
+"The <_:command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:"
+"envar-2/> environmental variable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:134 sg.1.xml.out:61 su.1.xml.out:190
+msgid "/bin/sh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:129
+msgid ""
+"The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command "
+"language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The <_:"
+"command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:envar-2/"
+"> environmental variable. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value "
+"<_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:150
+msgid "optional encrypted password file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:154
+msgid "/etc/passwd-"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:156
+msgid "Backup file for /etc/passwd."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:157 shadow.5.xml.out:249
+msgid ""
+"Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by "
+"all user and password management tools."
+msgstr ""
+"Bemærk at denne fil bruges af værktøjer fra shodows værktøjssæt, men ikke af "
+"alle håndteringsværktøjer for brugere og adgangskoder."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:173
+msgid "getent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:176
+msgid "getpwnam"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:168
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-10/>, <_:citerefentry-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:33 porttime.5.xml.out:40 porttime.5.xml.out:47
+msgid "porttime"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "port access time file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:46
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted "
+"login times."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:51
+msgid ""
+"Each entry consists of three colon separated fields. The first field is a "
+"comma separated list of tty devices, or an asterisk to indicate that all tty "
+"devices are matched by this entry. The second field is a comma separated "
+"list of user names, or an asterisk to indicated that all user names are "
+"matched by this entry. The third field is a comma separated list of "
+"permitted access times."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:62
+msgid "Su"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:62
+msgid "Mo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "Tu"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "We"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "Th"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "Fr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:65
+msgid "Sa"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "Wk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:67 porttime.5.xml.out:68
+msgid "Al"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:60
+msgid ""
+"Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, "
+"abbreviated <_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/"
+">, <_:emphasis-5/>, <_:emphasis-6/>, and <_:emphasis-7/>, followed by a pair "
+"of times separated by a hyphen. The abbreviation <_:emphasis-8/> may be used "
+"to represent Monday thru Friday, and <_:emphasis-9/> may be used to indicate "
+"every day. If no days are given, <_:emphasis-10/> is assumed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:74
+msgid "EXAMPLES"
+msgstr "EKSEMPLER"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:77
+msgid "jfh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"The following entry allows access to user <_:emphasis-1/> on every port "
+"during weekdays from 9am to 5pm."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "oper"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:86
+msgid "/dev/console"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:83
+msgid ""
+"The following entries allow access only to the users <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> on <_:filename-3/> at any time. This illustrates how the <_:"
+"filename-4/> file is an ordered list of access times. Any other user would "
+"match the second entry which does not permit access at any time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:92
+msgid "console:root,oper:Al0000-2400 console:*:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:99
+msgid "games"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:97
+msgid ""
+"The following entry allows access for the user <_:emphasis-1/> on any port "
+"during non-working hours."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:102
+msgid "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:48
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "verify integrity of group files"
+msgid "verify the integrity of password files"
+msgstr "verificer integritet for gruppefiler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "PASSWORDFILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:61 pwck.8.xml.out:106
+msgid "SHADOWFILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:75 pwck.8.xml.out:226
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/motd"
+msgid "/etc/tcb"
+msgstr "/etc/motd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>, when <_:option-2/> is enabled)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:70
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the users and "
+"authentication information. It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> "
+"and <_:filename-3/> <_:phrase-4/> have the proper format and contain valid "
+"data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted "
+"or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:88
+msgid "a unique and valid user name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:91
+msgid "a valid user and group identifier"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "a valid primary group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:97
+msgid "a valid home directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:100
+msgid "a valid login shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:104
+msgid ""
+"Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file "
+"parameter <_:replaceable-1/> is specified or when <_:filename-2/> exists on "
+"the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:109
+msgid "These checks are the following:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"every passwd entry has a matching shadow entry, and every shadow entry has a "
+"matching passwd entry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "passwords are specified in the shadowed file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:123
+msgid "shadow entries have the correct number of fields"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "shadow entries are unique in shadow"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "the last password changes are not in the future"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal. If "
+"the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to "
+"delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all "
+"further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated user name is "
+"prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All "
+"other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/"
+"> command to correct the error."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:144
+msgid ""
+"The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> file are not able to alter "
+"corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-2/> should be used in those "
+"circumstances to remove the offending entry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:181
+msgid ""
+"Report errors only. The warnings which do not require any action from the "
+"user won't be displayed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:190
+msgid "Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> by UID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:215
+msgid "This option has no effect when <_:option-1/> is enabled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:225
+msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:222
+msgid ""
+"By default, <_:command-1/> operates on the files <_:filename-2/> and <_:"
+"filename-3/><_:phrase-4/>. The user may select alternate files with the <_:"
+"replaceable-5/> and <_:replaceable-6/> parameters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:231
+msgid ""
+"Note that when <_:option-1/> is enabled, you cannot specify an alternative "
+"<_:replaceable-2/> file. In future releases, this parameter could be "
+"replaced by an alternate TCB directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:301
+msgid "one or more bad password entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:307
+msgid "can't open password files"
+msgstr "kan ikke åbne adgangskodefiler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:313
+msgid "can't lock password files"
+msgstr "kan ikke låse adgangskodefiler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:319
+msgid "can't update password files"
+msgstr "kan ikke opdatere adgangskodefiler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:325
+msgid "can't sort password files"
+msgstr "kan ikke sortere adgangskodefiler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:50
+msgid "convert to and from shadow passwords and groups"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:82 pwconv.8.xml.out:112
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:emphasis-2/> from <_:emphasis-3/> and "
+"an optionally existing <_:emphasis-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:93 pwconv.8.xml.out:251
+msgid "tcb_convert"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:87
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. To convert to tcb "
+"passwords, you should first use <_:command-3/> to convert to shadowed "
+"passwords by disabling <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> and then convert to "
+"tcb password using <_:command-6/> (and re-enable <_:option-7/> in <_:"
+"filename-8/>.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:97 pwconv.8.xml.out:118
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:emphasis-2/> from <_:emphasis-3/> and "
+"<_:emphasis-4/> and then removes <_:emphasis-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:106 pwconv.8.xml.out:254
+msgid "tcb_unconvert"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:103
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. You should first "
+"switch back from tcb to shadowed passwords using <_:command-3/>, and then "
+"disable <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> before using <_:command-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:125
+msgid ""
+"These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group "
+"files: <_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>, <_:filename-3/>, and <_:filename-4/"
+">."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. <_:command-1/> "
+"and <_:command-2/> are similar. First, entries in the shadowed file which "
+"don't exist in the main file are removed. Then, shadowed entries which don't "
+"have `x' as the password in the main file are updated. Any missing shadowed "
+"entries are added. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with "
+"`x'. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the "
+"shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:143
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will use the values of <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and "
+"<_:emphasis-4/> from <_:filename-5/> when adding new entries to <_:"
+"filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:152
+msgid ""
+"Likewise <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> are similar. Passwords in the "
+"main file are updated from the shadowed file. Entries which exist in the "
+"main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone. Finally, the shadowed "
+"file is removed. Some password aging information is lost by <_:command-3/>. "
+"It will convert what it can."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:164
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The options which apply to the <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</"
+#| "command> commands are:"
+msgid ""
+"The options which apply to the <_:command-1/>, <_:command-2/>, <_:command-3/"
+">, and <_:command-4/> commands are:"
+msgstr ""
+"Tilvalgene som gælder for kommandoerne <command>vipw</command> og "
+"<command>vigr</command> er:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:194
+msgid ""
+"Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) "
+"may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways. "
+"Please run <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> to correct any such errors "
+"before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename> change the behavior of this tool:"
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variable in <_:filename-1/> changes the behavior "
+"of <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/>:"
+msgstr ""
+"De følgende konfigurationsvariabler i <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+"ændrer opførelsen for dette værktøj:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:213
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename> change the behavior of this tool:"
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior "
+"of <_:command-2/>:"
+msgstr ""
+"De følgende konfigurationsvariabler i <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+"ændrer opførelsen for dette værktøj:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:249
+msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:240
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/><_:phrase-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:35
+msgid "Library Calls"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:41 shadow.3.xml.out:160
+msgid "getspnam"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:42
+msgid "encrypted password file routines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:46
+msgid "SYNTAX"
+msgstr "SYNTAKS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:48
+msgid "#include &lt;shadow.h&gt;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:52
+msgid "struct spwd *getspent();"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:56
+msgid "struct spwd *getspnam(char"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:57
+msgid "*name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:57 shadow.3.xml.out:70 shadow.3.xml.out:75
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:81
+msgid ");"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:61
+msgid "void setspent();"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:65
+msgid "void endspent();"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:69
+msgid "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:70 shadow.3.xml.out:81
+msgid "*fp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:74
+msgid "struct spwd *sgetspent(char"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:75
+msgid "*cp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:79
+msgid "int putspent(struct spwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:80
+msgid "*p,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:80
+msgid "FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:85
+msgid "int lckpwdf();"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:89
+msgid "int ulckpwdf();"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:98
+msgid "#include"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:95
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> manipulates the contents of the shadow password file, <_:"
+"filename-2/>. The structure in the <_:emphasis-3/> file is:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"struct spwd { char *sp_namp; /* user login name */ char *sp_pwdp; /* "
+"encrypted password */ long int sp_lstchg; /* last password change */ long "
+"int sp_min; /* days until change allowed. */ long int sp_max; /* days before "
+"change required */ long int sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */ long "
+"int sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */ long int sp_expire; /* date "
+"when account expires */ unsigned long int sp_flag; /* reserved for future "
+"use */ }"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:112
+msgid "The meanings of each field are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:115
+msgid "sp_namp - pointer to null-terminated user name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:118
+msgid "sp_pwdp - pointer to null-terminated password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:121
+msgid "sp_lstchg - days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:124
+msgid "sp_min - days before which password may not be changed"
+msgstr "sp_min - antal dage hvor adgangskode ikke må ændres"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:127
+msgid "sp_max - days after which password must be changed"
+msgstr "sp_max - antal dage hvorefter adgangskode skal ændres"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:130
+msgid ""
+"sp_warn - days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending "
+"password expiration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"sp_inact - days after password expires that account is considered inactive "
+"and disabled"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:140
+msgid "sp_expire - days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:143
+msgid "sp_flag - reserved for future use"
+msgstr "sp_flag - reserveret for fremtidig brug"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:152 shadow.3.xml.out:155
+msgid "getspent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name"
+msgid "getspname"
+msgstr "gruppenavn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:153 shadow.3.xml.out:156
+msgid "fgetspent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:153 shadow.3.xml.out:158
+msgid "sgetspent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:154 shadow.3.xml.out:158
+msgid "struct spwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:161
+msgid "name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:151
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and <_:emphasis-4/> each "
+"return a pointer to a <_:emphasis-5/>. <_:emphasis-6/> returns the next "
+"entry from the file, and <_:emphasis-7/> returns the next entry from the "
+"given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format. <_:"
+"emphasis-8/> returns a pointer to a <_:emphasis-9/> using the provided "
+"string as input. <_:emphasis-10/> searches from the current position in the "
+"file for an entry matching <_:emphasis-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:165
+msgid "setspent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:165
+msgid "endspent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:164
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> may be used to begin and end, "
+"respectively, access to the shadow password file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:171 shadow.3.xml.out:173 shadow.3.xml.out:178
+msgid "lckpwdf"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:171
+msgid "ulckpwdf"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:174
+msgid "pw_lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:176
+msgid "spw_lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:170
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> routines should be used to insure "
+"exclusive access to the <_:filename-3/> file. <_:emphasis-4/> attempts to "
+"acquire a lock using <_:emphasis-5/> for up to 15 seconds. It continues by "
+"attempting to acquire a second lock using <_:emphasis-6/> for the remainder "
+"of the initial 15 seconds. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 "
+"seconds, <_:emphasis-7/> returns -1. When both locks are acquired 0 is "
+"returned."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:184 suauth.5.xml.out:189
+msgid "DIAGNOSTICS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:187
+msgid "int"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:185
+msgid ""
+"Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs "
+"during processing. Routines which have <_:emphasis-1/> as the return value "
+"return 0 for success and -1 for failure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"These routines may only be used by the superuser as access to the shadow "
+"password file is restricted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:217
+msgid "getpwent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "shadowed password file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:46
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> is a file which contains the password information for the "
+"system's accounts and optional aging information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (<_:quote-1/"
+">), in the following order:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "It must be a valid account name, which exist on the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:74
+msgid ""
+"This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to "
+"authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications which "
+"read the <_:filename-1/> file may decide not to permit any access at all if "
+"the password field is empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:103
+msgid "date of last password change"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:106
+msgid ""
+"The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since "
+"Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:110
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her "
+"password the next time she will log in the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:115
+msgid "An empty field means that password aging features are disabled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:122
+msgid "minimum password age"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"The minimum password age is the number of days the user will have to wait "
+"before she will be allowed to change her password again."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:129
+msgid "An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:136
+msgid "maximum password age"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"The maximum password age is the number of days after which the user will "
+"have to change her password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:142
+msgid ""
+"After this number of days is elapsed, the password may still be valid. The "
+"user should be asked to change her password the next time she will log in."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:147
+msgid ""
+"An empty field means that there are no maximum password age, no password "
+"warning period, and no password inactivity period (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:152
+msgid ""
+"If the maximum password age is lower than the minimum password age, the user "
+"cannot change her password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:160
+msgid "password warning period"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:163
+msgid ""
+"The number of days before a password is going to expire (see the maximum "
+"password age above) during which the user should be warned."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:168
+msgid ""
+"An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no password warning period."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:176
+msgid "password inactivity period"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:179
+msgid ""
+"The number of days after a password has expired (see the maximum password "
+"age above) during which the password should still be accepted (and the user "
+"should update her password during the next login)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:185
+msgid ""
+"After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no "
+"login is possible for the user. The user should contact her administrator."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:190
+msgid ""
+"An empty field means that there are no enforcement of an inactivity period."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:198
+msgid "account expiration date"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:201
+msgid ""
+"The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since "
+"Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:205
+msgid ""
+"Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration. In case "
+"of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login. In case of "
+"a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:211
+msgid "An empty field means that the account will never expire."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:214
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 should not be used as it is interpreted as either an account "
+"with no expiration, or as an expiration on Jan 1, 1970."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:222
+msgid "reserved field"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:224
+msgid "This field is reserved for future use."
+msgstr "Dette felt er reserveret for fremtidig brug."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:246
+msgid "/etc/shadow-"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:248
+msgid "Backup file for /etc/shadow."
+msgstr "Sikkerhedskopi for /etc/shadow."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: sg.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "execute command as different group ID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: sg.1.xml.out:49
+msgid "group <_:arg-1/> command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: sg.1.xml.out:58
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command works similar to <_:command-2/> but accepts a "
+"command. The command will be executed with the <_:filename-3/> shell. With "
+"most shells you may run <_:command-4/> from, you need to enclose multi-word "
+"commands in quotes. Another difference between <_:command-5/> and <_:"
+"command-6/> is that some shells treat <_:command-7/> specially, replacing "
+"themselves with a new instance of a shell that <_:command-8/> creates. This "
+"doesn't happen with <_:command-9/>, so upon exit from a <_:command-10/> "
+"command you are returned to your previous group ID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: su.1.xml.out:58
+msgid "change user ID or become superuser"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:72
+msgid "args"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:80
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to become another user during a login "
+"session. Invoked without a <_:option-2/>, <_:command-3/> defaults to "
+"becoming the superuser. The <_:option-4/> option may be used to provide an "
+"environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in "
+"directly. The <_:option-5/> option may be used to treat the next argument as "
+"a command by most shells."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:92 su.1.xml.out:94
+msgid "--"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:90
+msgid ""
+"Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list. You can use the <_:"
+"option-1/> argument to stop option parsing. The <_:option-2/> option is "
+"special: it is also recognized after <_:option-3/>, but has to be placed "
+"before <_:option-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:98
+msgid ""
+"The user will be prompted for a password, if appropriate. Invalid passwords "
+"will produce an error message. All attempts, both valid and invalid, are "
+"logged to detect abuse of the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Brugeren vil blive spurgt om sin adgangskode, hvis det er relevant. Ugyldige "
+"adgangskoder vil medføre en fejlbesked. Alle forsøg, både gyldige og "
+"ugyldige, logges for at deteketere misbrug af systemet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: su.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "/bin:/usr/bin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: su.1.xml.out:106
+msgid "/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:108 su.1.xml.out:220
+msgid "ENV_PATH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:108 su.1.xml.out:221
+msgid "ENV_SUPATH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:103
+msgid ""
+"The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of <_:envar-1/"
+"> is reset to <_:filename-2/> for normal users, or <_:filename-3/> for the "
+"superuser. This may be changed with the <_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/> "
+"definitions in <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+msgid "--command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+msgid "COMMAND"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:129
+msgid ""
+"Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its <_:option-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"The executed command will have no controlling terminal. This option cannot "
+"be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:156 su.1.xml.out:256 su.1.xml.out:263
+#: su.1.xml.out:273 su.1.xml.out:286 usermod.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "--login"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: su.1.xml.out:143 su.1.xml.out:206
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>"
+msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:147
+msgid ""
+"Provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user "
+"logged in directly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:151
+msgid ""
+"When <_:option-1/> is used, it must be specified before any <_:option-2/>. "
+"For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any <_:"
+"option-3/>. The other forms (<_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/>) do not have "
+"this restriction."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:166
+msgid "The shell that will be invoked."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:174
+msgid "The shell specified with --shell."
+msgstr "Skallen angivet med --shell."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:178 su.1.xml.out:208
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Preserve environment."
+msgid "--preserve-environment"
+msgstr "Bevar miljø."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:177
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the shell specified by the <_:envar-2/> "
+"environment variable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:184
+msgid "The shell indicated in the <_:filename-1/> entry for the target user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:190
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> if a shell could not be found by any above method."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:167
+msgid ""
+"The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): <_:variablelist-1/"
+">"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of this "
+"user's entry in <_:filename-1/> is not listed in <_:filename-2/>), then the "
+"<_:option-3/> option or the <_:envar-4/> environment variable won't be taken "
+"into account, unless <_:command-5/> is called by root."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:217
+msgid ""
+"reset according to the <_:filename-1/> options <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/"
+"> (see below);"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/envar
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:226 su.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "$IFS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: su.1.xml.out:230
+msgid "&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:228
+msgid "reset to <_:quote-1/>, if it was set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:211
+msgid "Preserve the current environment, except for: <_:variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:237
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect "
+#| "(unless <command>su</command> is called by root)."
+msgid ""
+"If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless "
+"<_:command-1/> is called by root)."
+msgstr ""
+"Hvis målbrugeren har en begrænset skal, så har dette tilvalg ingen effekt "
+"(med mindre <command>su</command> kaldes af root)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:248
+msgid "$USER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:246
+msgid ""
+"The <_:envar-1/>, <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, <_:envar-5/>, "
+"and <_:envar-6/> environment variables are reset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:255
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is not used, the environment is copied, except for the "
+"variables above."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:264
+msgid "$COLORTERM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:265
+msgid "$DISPLAY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:266
+msgid "$XAUTHORITY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:262
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, and "
+"<_:envar-5/> environment variables are copied if they were set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:274
+msgid "$TZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:274
+msgid "$HZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:279
+msgid "ENV_HZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:279 userdel.8.xml.out:116
+msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:280
+msgid "MAIL_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:272
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, and <_:envar-4/> "
+"environment variables are set according to the <_:filename-5/> options <_:"
+"option-6/>, <_:option-7/>, <_:option-8/>, and <_:option-9/> (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:288
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "ENVIRONMENT"
+msgid "ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr "MILJØ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:285
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, other environment variables might be set by the <_:"
+"option-2/> file (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:293
+msgid "Other environments might be set by PAM modules."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:241
+msgid ""
+"Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: <_:"
+"variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:367
+msgid ""
+"On success, <_:command-1/> returns the exit value of the command it executed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:371
+msgid ""
+"If this command was terminated by a signal, <_:command-1/> returns the "
+"number of this signal plus 128."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:375
+msgid ""
+"If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the "
+"command did not terminate in time), <_:command-1/> returns 255."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:387
+msgid "success (<_:option-1/> only)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:393
+msgid "System or authentication failure"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:397
+msgid "126"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:399
+msgid "The requested command was not found"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:403
+msgid "127"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:405
+msgid "The requested command could not be executed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:380
+msgid ""
+"Some exit values from <_:command-1/> are independent from the executed "
+"command: <_:variablelist-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:414
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:33 suauth.5.xml.out:40
+msgid "suauth"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "detailed su control file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:46 suauth.5.xml.out:53 suauth.5.xml.out:172
+msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:52
+msgid ""
+"The file <_:filename-1/> is referenced whenever the su command is called. It "
+"can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:59
+msgid "1) the user su is targeting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:63
+msgid ""
+"2) the user executing the su command (or any groups he might be a member of)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:68
+msgid ""
+"The file is formatted like this, with lines starting with a # being treated "
+"as comment lines and ignored;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:73
+msgid "to-id:from-id:ACTION"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "ALL EXCEPT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:77
+msgid ""
+"Where to-id is either the word <_:emphasis-1/>, a list of usernames "
+"delimited by \",\" or the words <_:emphasis-2/> followed by a list of "
+"usernames delimited by \",\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "ALL EXCEPT GROUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:83
+msgid ""
+"from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word <_:emphasis-1/> "
+"is recognized. <_:emphasis-2/> is perfectly valid too. Following <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> appears one or more group names, delimited by \",\". It is not "
+"sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/> is necessary."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:94
+msgid "Action can be one only of the following currently supported options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:100
+msgid "DENY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:103
+msgid "The attempt to su is stopped before a password is even asked for."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "NOPASS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:113
+msgid ""
+"The attempt to su is automatically successful; no password is asked for."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:121
+msgid "OWNPASS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"For the su command to be successful, the user must enter his or her own "
+"password. They are told this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"Note there are three separate fields delimited by a colon. No whitespace "
+"must surround this colon. Also note that the file is examined sequentially "
+"line by line, and the first applicable rule is used without examining the "
+"file further. This makes it possible for a system administrator to exercise "
+"as fine control as he or she wishes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:142
+msgid "EXAMPLE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:143
+msgid ""
+"# sample /etc/suauth file # # A couple of privileged usernames may # su to "
+"root with their own password. # root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS # # Anyone else "
+"may not su to root unless in # group wheel. This is how BSD does things. # "
+"root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY # # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts "
+"# owned by the same person. # Access can be arranged between them # with no "
+"password. # terry:birddog:NOPASS birddog:terry:NOPASS #"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:180
+msgid ""
+"There could be plenty lurking. The file parser is particularly unforgiving "
+"about syntax errors, expecting no spurious whitespace (apart from beginning "
+"and end of lines), and a specific token delimiting different things."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:192
+msgid "syslogd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:190
+msgid ""
+"An error parsing the file is reported using <_:citerefentry-1/> as level ERR "
+"on facility AUTH."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:60
+msgid "create a new user or update default new user information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:72 useradd.8.xml.out:76 useradd.8.xml.out:86
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:169 useradd.8.xml.out:583 useradd.8.xml.out:585
+msgid "-D"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:85
+msgid ""
+"When invoked without the <_:option-1/> option, the <_:command-2/> command "
+"creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line "
+"plus the default values from the system. Depending on command line options, "
+"the <_:command-3/> command will update system files and may also create the "
+"new user's home directory and copy initial files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:94
+msgid ""
+"By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see <_:option-1/"
+">, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, and <_:option-4/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:592
+msgid "--base-dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:124 useradd.8.xml.out:159
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:592 useradd.8.xml.out:598
+msgid "BASE_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:123 useradd.8.xml.out:151 useradd.8.xml.out:156
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:161 usermod.8.xml.out:112
+msgid "HOME_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:121
+msgid ""
+"The default base directory for the system if <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/"
+"> is not specified. <_:replaceable-3/> is concatenated with the account name "
+"to define the home directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:131 useradd.8.xml.out:603
+msgid "HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:189 useradd.8.xml.out:212
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:250 useradd.8.xml.out:293 useradd.8.xml.out:343
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:393 useradd.8.xml.out:523 useradd.8.xml.out:604
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:616 useradd.8.xml.out:633 useradd.8.xml.out:649
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:663 useradd.8.xml.out:677 useradd.8.xml.out:767
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:419
+msgid "/etc/default/useradd"
+msgstr "/etc/default/useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "/home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:128
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the base directory "
+"specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or <_:filename-4/"
+"> by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "--comment"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "COMMENT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:142
+msgid ""
+"Any text string. It is generally a short description of the account, and is "
+"currently used as the field for the user's full name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "--home-dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:154
+msgid ""
+"The new user will be created using <_:replaceable-1/> as the value for the "
+"user's login directory. The default is to append the <_:replaceable-2/> name "
+"to <_:replaceable-3/> and use that as the login directory name. If the "
+"directory <_:replaceable-4/> does not exist, then it will be created unless "
+"the <_:option-5/> option is specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:169
+msgid "--defaults"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "See below, the subsection \"Changing the default values\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:184 usermod.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "YYYY-MM-DD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:182
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is "
+#| "specified in the format <emphasis remap=\"I\">YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified "
+"in the format <_:emphasis-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Datoen hvorpå brugerkontoen vil blive deaktiveret. Datoen er angivet i "
+"formatet <emphasis remap=\"I\">ÅÅÅÅ-MM-DD</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:188 useradd.8.xml.out:615 usermod.8.xml.out:418
+msgid "EXPIRE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:186
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the default expiry date specified "
+"by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or an empty string (no "
+"expiry) by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:199
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where "
+"the user is expected to replace this password. The value is stored in the "
+"shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no "
+"delay. An input of -1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password "
+"file. See <_:citerefentry-1/>for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:208
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the default inactivity period "
+"specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or -1 by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:218 useradd.8.xml.out:482
+msgid "-F"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:218
+msgid "--add-subids-for-system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:221
+msgid ""
+"Update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> even when creating a system "
+"account with <_:option-3/> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:233
+msgid ""
+"The name or the number of the user's primary group. The group name must "
+"exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "-U/--user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:247
+msgid "-N/--no-user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:238
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, the behavior of <_:command-1/> will depend on the <_:"
+"option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>. If this variable is set to <_:"
+"replaceable-4/> (or <_:option-5/> is specified on the command line), a group "
+"will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname. If the "
+"variable is set to <_:replaceable-6/> (or <_:option-7/> is specified on the "
+"command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the "
+"value specified by the <_:option-8/> variable in <_:filename-9/>, or 1000 by "
+"default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:83 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:322
+msgid "-G"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "--groups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "GROUP1"
+msgstr "GRUPPE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid ",GROUP2,..."
+msgstr "GRUPPE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid ",GROUPN"
+msgstr "GRUPPE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:256 usermod.8.xml.out:198
+msgid ""
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>[<_:emphasis-4/>[<_:"
+"emphasis-5/>]]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:260
+msgid ""
+"A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+"group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. "
+"The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the "
+"<_:option-1/> option. The default is for the user to belong only to the "
+"initial group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+msgid "--skel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+msgid "SKEL_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:281
+msgid ""
+"The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in "
+"the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by <_:"
+"command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:288 useradd.8.xml.out:350
+msgid "--create-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:286
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid if the <_:option-1/> (or <_:option-2/>) option is "
+"specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:292
+msgid "SKEL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:294
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/skel/"
+msgid "/etc/skel"
+msgstr "/etc/skel/"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:290
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the <_:"
+"option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/> or, by default, <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "If possible, the ACLs and extended attributes are copied."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:306
+msgid ""
+"Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (<_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:"
+"option-4/>, <_:option-5/> and others)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:312
+msgid ""
+"Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> can be used "
+"when creating an account to turn off password aging. Multiple <_:option-4/> "
+"options can be specified, e.g.: <_:option-5/> <_:replaceable-6/> =<_:"
+"replaceable-7/> <_:option-8/> <_:replaceable-9/>=<_:replaceable-10/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330
+msgid "--no-log-init"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:332
+msgid "Do not add the user to the lastlog and faillog databases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:335
+msgid ""
+"By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are "
+"reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:342
+msgid "LOG_INIT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:340
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will also consult the "
+"variable <_:option-2/> in the <_:filename-3/> if set to no the user will not "
+"be added to the lastlog and faillog databases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:353
+msgid ""
+"Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and "
+"directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with "
+"the <_:option-1/> option) will be copied to the home directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:361 useradd.8.xml.out:379 useradd.8.xml.out:475
+msgid "CREATE_HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:359
+msgid ""
+"By default, if this option is not specified and <_:option-1/> is not "
+"enabled, no home directories are created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:364
+msgid ""
+"The directory where the user's home directory is created must exist and have "
+"proper SELinux context and permissions. Otherwise the user's home directory "
+"cannot be created or accessed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:373
+msgid "--no-create-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:376
+msgid ""
+"Do not create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting "
+"from <_:filename-1/> (<_:option-2/>) is set to <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:386
+msgid "--no-user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:389
+msgid ""
+"Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to "
+"the group specified by the <_:option-1/> option or by the <_:option-2/> "
+"variable in <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:408
+msgid "allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:412 usermod.8.xml.out:277
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> option. As a "
+"user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and "
+"permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system's "
+"behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account "
+"of the given UID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:428
+msgid ""
+"defines an initial password for the account. PASSWORD is expected to be "
+"encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>. Within a shell script, this "
+"option allows to create efficiently batches of users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:435
+msgid ""
+"Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password "
+"defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of <_:"
+"filename-1/>. This is a state where the user won't be able to access the "
+"account or to define a password himself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:443
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/>Avoid this option on the command line because the password "
+"(or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:471
+msgid ""
+"Note that <_:command-1/> will not create a home directory for such a user, "
+"regardless of the default setting in <_:filename-2/> (<_:option-3/>). You "
+"have to specify the <_:option-4/> options if you want a home directory for a "
+"system account to be created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:479
+msgid ""
+"Note that this option will not update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>. "
+"You have to specify the <_:option-3/> options if you want to update the "
+"files for a system account to be created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:520
+msgid ""
+"sets the path to the user's login shell. Without this option, the system "
+"will use the <_:option-1/> variable specified in <_:filename-2/>, or, if "
+"that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in <_:filename-3/> "
+"remains empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+msgid "--uid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+msgid "UID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:534
+msgid ""
+"The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless the "
+"<_:option-1/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The default is "
+"to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-2/> and "
+"greater than every other user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:549
+msgid "--user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:552
+msgid ""
+"Create a group with the same name as the user, and add the user to this "
+"group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 userdel.8.xml.out:153 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "-Z"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 userdel.8.xml.out:153 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "--selinux-user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "SEUSER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:573
+msgid "semanage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:569
+msgid ""
+"defines the SELinux user for the new account. Without this option, a SELinux "
+"uses the default user. Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-"
+"user, it uses <_:citerefentry-1/> for that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:581
+msgid "Changing the default values"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:582
+msgid ""
+"When invoked with only the <_:option-1/> option, <_:command-2/> will display "
+"the current default values. When invoked with <_:option-3/> plus other "
+"options, <_:command-4/> will update the default values for the specified "
+"options. Valid default-changing options are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:595
+msgid ""
+"sets the path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will "
+"be affixed to the end of <_:replaceable-1/> to form the new user's home "
+"directory name, if the <_:option-2/> option is not used when creating a new "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:602 useradd.8.xml.out:614 useradd.8.xml.out:631
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:647 useradd.8.xml.out:661
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option sets the <option>INACTIVE</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "default/useradd</filename>."
+msgid "This option sets the <_:option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dette tilvalg sætter variablen <option>INACTIVE</option> i <filename>/etc/"
+"default/useradd</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:613
+msgid "sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:625
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where "
+"the user is expected to replace this password. See <_:citerefentry-1/>for "
+"more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:642
+msgid ""
+"sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group "
+"names or a numerical group ID. The named group must exist, and the GID must "
+"have an existing entry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:658
+msgid "defines the default login shell for new users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:673
+msgid "NOTES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:675 useradd.8.xml.out:779
+msgid "/etc/skel/"
+msgstr "/etc/skel/"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:674
+msgid ""
+"The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files "
+"in the <_:filename-1/> directory (or any other skeleton directory specified "
+"in <_:filename-2/> or on the command line)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:683
+msgid ""
+"You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+"Du kan ikke tilføje en bruger til en NIS eller LDAP-gruppe. Dette skal "
+"udføres på den tilsvarende server."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:688
+msgid ""
+"Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such "
+"as NIS or LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the user account creation request."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:702
+msgid "ls"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:694
+msgid ""
+"Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, "
+"underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not "
+"allowed at the beginning of the username. Fully numeric usernames and "
+"usernames . or .. are also disallowed. It is not recommended to use "
+"usernames beginning with . character as their home directories will be "
+"hidden in the <_:command-1/> output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:704
+msgid "Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgstr "Brugernavne må kun være op til 32 tegn lange."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:769
+msgid "Default values for account creation."
+msgstr "Standardværdier for kontooprettelse."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/default/useradd"
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-pre.d/*"
+msgstr "/etc/default/useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-post.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773 userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "<_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775 userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "OPTIONS"
+msgid "ACTION"
+msgstr "TILVALG"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775 userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "SUBJECT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid "useradd-pre.d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid "useradd-post.d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid ""
+"Run-part files to execute during user addition. The environment variable <_:"
+"command-1/> will be populated with useradd and <_:command-2/> with the <_:"
+"command-3/>. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user addition. <_:"
+"filename-5/> will execute after user addition. If a script exits non-zero "
+"then execution will terminate."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:781
+msgid "Directory containing default files."
+msgstr "Mappe indeholdende standardfiler."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:819 userdel.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "can't update password file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:837
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "UID already in use (and no <option>-o</option>)"
+msgid "UID already in use (and no <_:option-1/>)"
+msgstr "UID er allerede i brug (og intet <option>-o</option>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:849
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "username or group name already in use"
+msgstr "gruppenavn er allerede i brug"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:861
+msgid "can't create home directory"
+msgstr "kan ikke oprette hjemmemappe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:865
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "4"
+msgid "14"
+msgstr "4"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:867
+msgid "can't update SELinux user mapping"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:876 usermod.8.xml.out:603
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:phrase-10/> "
+"<_:citerefentry-11/>, <_:citerefentry-12/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:47
+msgid "delete a user account and related files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>usermod</command> command modifies the system account files "
+#| "to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all "
+"entries that refer to the user name <_:emphasis-2/>. The named user must "
+"exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Kommandoen <command>usermod</command> ændrer systemkontofilerne så de "
+"reflekterer ændringerne som angives på kommandolinjen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:79
+msgid ""
+"This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is "
+"still logged in. It also forces <_:command-1/> to remove the user's home "
+"directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory "
+"or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user. If <_:option-2/> is "
+"defined to <_:emphasis-3/> in <_:filename-4/> and if a group exists with the "
+"same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it "
+"is still the primary group of another user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:92
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an "
+"inconsistent state."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:106 usermod.8.xml.out:317
+msgid "--remove"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:109
+msgid ""
+"Files in the user's home directory will be removed along with the home "
+"directory itself and the user's mail spool. Files located in other file "
+"systems will have to be searched for and deleted manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:115
+msgid ""
+"The mail spool is defined by the <_:option-1/> variable in the <_:filename-2/"
+"> file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:156
+msgid "Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user's login."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-pre.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-post.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "userdel-pre.d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "userdel-post.d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid ""
+"Run-part files to execute during user deletion. The environment variable <_:"
+"command-1/> will be populated with <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/> with "
+"the username. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user deletion. "
+"<_:filename-5/> will execute after user deletion. If a script exits non-zero "
+"then execution will terminate."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:255
+msgid "specified user doesn't exist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:261
+msgid "user currently logged in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:273
+msgid "can't remove home directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:282
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will not allow you to remove an account if there are running "
+"processes which belong to this account. In that case, you may have to kill "
+"those processes or lock the user's password or account and remove the "
+"account later. The <_:option-2/> option can force the deletion of this "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:289
+msgid ""
+"You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain "
+"owned by this user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:293
+msgid ""
+"You may not remove any NIS attributes on a NIS client. This must be "
+"performed on the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:296
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is defined to <_:emphasis-2/> in <_:filename-3/>, <_:"
+"command-4/> will delete the group with the same name as the user. To avoid "
+"inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, <_:command-5/> will check "
+"that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will "
+"just warn without deleting the group otherwise. The <_:option-6/> option can "
+"force the deletion of this group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:309
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:phrase-9/> <_:citerefentry-10/>, "
+"<_:citerefentry-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:48
+msgid "modify a user account"
+msgstr "ændre en brugerkonto"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:63
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:81
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <option>-G</"
+#| "option> option."
+msgid ""
+"Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:option-1/> "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"Tilføj brugeren til de supplementære grupper. Brug kun med tilvalget "
+"<option>-G</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:102
+msgid ""
+"update the comment field of the user in <_:filename-1/>, which is normally "
+"modified using the <_:citerefentry-2/> utility."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:112 usermod.8.xml.out:260
+msgid "--home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "The user's new login directory."
+msgstr "Brugerens nye logindmappe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:118
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <option>-m</option> option is given, the contents of the current "
+#| "home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created "
+#| "if it does not already exist."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:option-1/> option is given, the contents of the current home "
+"directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it "
+"does not already exist. If the current home directory does not exist the new "
+"home directory will not be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Hvis tilvalget <option>-m</option> er angivet, vil indholdet af den aktuelle "
+"hjemmemappe blive flyttet til den nye hjemmemappe, som oprettes hvis denne "
+"ikke allerede findes."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:132
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is "
+#| "specified in the format <emphasis remap=\"I\">YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified "
+"in the format <_:emphasis-1/>. Integers as input are interpreted as days "
+"after 1970-01-01."
+msgstr ""
+"Datoen hvorpå brugerkontoen vil blive deaktiveret. Datoen er angivet i "
+"formatet <emphasis remap=\"I\">ÅÅÅÅ-MM-DD</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"An input of -1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in "
+"the shadow password file. The account will remain available with no date "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:143 usermod.8.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option requires a <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file. A "
+#| "<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> entry will be created if there were none."
+msgid ""
+"This option requires a <_:filename-1/> file. A <_:filename-2/> entry will be "
+"created if there were none."
+msgstr ""
+"Dette tilvalg kræver en <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>-fil. Et <filename>/"
+"etc/shadow</filename>-punkt vil blive oprettet hvis et sådant ikke fandtes."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:155
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age "
+"during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password. "
+"This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the "
+"shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no "
+"delay. An input of -1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password "
+"file. See <_:citerefentry-1/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:177
+msgid ""
+"The name or numerical ID of the user's new primary group. The group must "
+"exist."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:181
+msgid ""
+"Any file from the user's home directory owned by the previous primary group "
+"of the user will be owned by this new group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:185
+msgid ""
+"The group ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be "
+"fixed manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:193 usermod.8.xml.out:393
+msgid "/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:189
+msgid ""
+"The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user's home "
+"directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the "
+"current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home "
+"directories such as <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:202
+msgid ""
+"A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+"group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. "
+"The groups must exist."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user "
+"will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the <_:"
+"option-1/> option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group "
+"list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217 usermod.8.xml.out:223
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "LOGIN"
+msgid "NEW_LOGIN"
+msgstr "LOGIND"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:220
+msgid ""
+"The name of the user will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>. Nothing else is changed. In particular, the user's home "
+"directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the "
+"new login name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:231 usermod.8.xml.out:411
+msgid "-L"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:234
+msgid ""
+"Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password, "
+"effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with <_:"
+"option-1/> or <_:option-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:240
+msgid ""
+"Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you "
+"should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:250
+msgid "--move-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:253
+msgid ""
+"moves the content of the user's home directory to the new location. If the "
+"current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be "
+"created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:258
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> (or <_:"
+"option-2/>) option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:262
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the "
+"modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed "
+"afterwards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:274
+msgid "allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:293
+msgid ""
+"defines a new password for the user. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, "
+"as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:298
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> Avoid this option on the command line because the password "
+"(or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:303
+msgid ""
+"The password will be written in the local <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/> "
+"file. This might differ from the password database configured in your PAM "
+"configuration."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <option>-G</"
+#| "option> option."
+msgid ""
+"Remove the user from named supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:"
+"option-1/> option."
+msgstr ""
+"Tilføj brugeren til de supplementære grupper. Brug kun med tilvalget "
+"<option>-G</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:344
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes within the directory tree starting with <_:replaceable-1/> and "
+"use as well the configuration files located there. This option does not "
+"chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some "
+"limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication "
+"is using the host files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:360
+msgid ""
+"changes the user's login shell. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field "
+"in <_:filename-1/> and logs the user into the system's default shell."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:372
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "This is the name of the user."
+msgid "The new value of the user's ID."
+msgstr "Dette er navnet på brugeren."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:375
+msgid ""
+"This value must be unique, unless the <_:option-1/> option is used. The "
+"value must be non-negative."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:380
+msgid ""
+"The user's mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are located "
+"in the user's home directory will have the file user ID changed "
+"automatically."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:385
+msgid ""
+"The ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be fixed "
+"manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:389
+msgid ""
+"The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user's home "
+"directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the "
+"current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home "
+"directories such as <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:408
+msgid ""
+"Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted "
+"password. You can't use this option with <_:option-1/> or <_:option-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:417
+msgid "99999"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:413
+msgid ""
+"Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), "
+"you should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> (for example to <_:replaceable-2/"
+">, or to the <_:option-3/> value from <_:filename-4/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425
+msgid "-v"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "--add-subuids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "FIRST"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "LAST"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:424 usermod.8.xml.out:442 usermod.8.xml.out:462
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:480
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>OTHER</"
+#| "replaceable>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>-<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>ANDEN</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:428
+msgid "Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:431 usermod.8.xml.out:469
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:436 usermod.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "SUB_UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:436 usermod.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "SUB_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:437 usermod.8.xml.out:457
+msgid "SUB_UID_COUNT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:434 usermod.8.xml.out:454 usermod.8.xml.out:472
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:492
+msgid ""
+"No checks will be performed with regard to <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or "
+"<_:option-3/> from /etc/login.defs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443
+msgid "-V"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "--del-subuids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:446
+msgid "Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:449
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the "
+"removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid "
+"range is added."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:463 usermod.8.xml.out:489
+msgid "--add-subgids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:466
+msgid "Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:474 usermod.8.xml.out:494
+msgid "SUB_GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:474 usermod.8.xml.out:494
+msgid "SUB_GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:475 usermod.8.xml.out:495
+msgid "SUB_GID_COUNT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481 usermod.8.xml.out:489
+msgid "--del-subgids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:484
+msgid "Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:487
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the "
+"removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid "
+"range is added."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:504
+msgid ""
+"defines the SELinux user to be mapped with <_:replaceable-1/>. An empty "
+"string (\"\") will remove the respective entry (if any). Note that the "
+"shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses semanage(8) for that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:518
+msgid ""
+"You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes "
+"when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the "
+"user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. <_:command-1/> "
+"checks this on Linux. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check "
+"if the user is logged in."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:527
+msgid "crontab"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:528
+msgid "at"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:526
+msgid ""
+"You must change the owner of any <_:command-1/> files or <_:command-2/> jobs "
+"manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:530
+msgid "You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:559
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Group account information."
+msgid "Group account information"
+msgstr "Information om gruppekonto."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:565
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Secure group account information."
+msgid "Secure group account informatio."
+msgstr "Information om sikret gruppekonto."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:571
+msgid "Shadow password suite configuration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:577
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "User account information."
+msgid "User account information"
+msgstr "Information om brugerkonto."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:583
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Secure user account information."
+msgid "Secure user account information"
+msgstr "Information om sikret brugerkonto."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:589
+msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:595
+msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:43 vipw.8.xml.out:57 vipw.8.xml.out:67 vipw.8.xml.out:86
+msgid "vigr"
+msgstr "vigr"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:44
+msgid "edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file"
+msgstr ""
+"rediger adgangskoden, gruppe, shadow-adgangskode- eller shadow-gruppe-fil"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "VISUAL"
+msgid "$VISUAL"
+msgstr "VISUEL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:76
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "EDITOR"
+msgid "$EDITOR"
+msgstr "REDIGERINGSPROGRAM"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:77 vipw.8.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "vipw"
+msgid "vi"
+msgstr "vipw"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:66
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</command> commands edits "
+#| "the files <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>, respectively. With the <option>-s</option> flag, they will "
+#| "edit the shadow versions of those files, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> "
+#| "and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, respectively. The programs will "
+#| "set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption. When looking for an "
+#| "editor, the programs will first try the environment variable "
+#| "<envar>$VISUAL</envar>, then the environment variable <envar>$EDITOR</"
+#| "envar>, and finally the default editor, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands edits the files <_:filename-3/"
+"> and <_:filename-4/>, respectively. With the <_:option-5/> flag, they will "
+"edit the shadow versions of those files, <_:filename-6/> and <_:filename-7/"
+">, respectively. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file "
+"corruption. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the "
+"environment variable <_:envar-8/>, then the environment variable <_:envar-9/"
+">, and finally the default editor, <_:citerefentry-10/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Kommandoerne <command>vipw</command> og <command>vigr</command> redigerer "
+"filerne <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> og <filename>/etc/group</filename>, "
+"respektivt. Med flaget <option>-s</option> vil de redigere versionerne for "
+"Shadow for disse filer, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> og <filename>/etc/"
+"gshadow</filename>, respektivt. Programmerne vil sætte de passende låse for "
+"at forhindre filødelæggelse. Når der kigges efter et redigerngsprogram, så "
+"vil programmet øfrst forsøge med miljøvariablen <envar>$VISUAL</envar>, "
+"derefter miljøvariablen <envar>$EDITOR</envar>, og endelig "
+"standardredigeringsprogrammet, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:84
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The options which apply to the <command>passwd</command> command are:"
+msgid ""
+"The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands "
+"are:"
+msgstr "Tilvalgene som gælder for kommandoen <command>passwd</command> er:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "Edit group database."
+msgstr "Rediger gruppedatabase."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:102
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/passwd"
+msgid "--passwd"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "Edit passwd database."
+msgstr "Rediger passwd-database."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/shadow"
+msgid "--shadow"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "Edit shadow or gshadow database."
+msgstr "Rediger shadow- eller gshadow-database."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "Indicates which user's tcb shadow file to edit."
+msgstr "Indikerer hvilken brugers tcb-shadowfil at redigere."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:154
+msgid "ENVIRONMENT"
+msgstr "MILJØ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:157 vipw.8.xml.out:165
+msgid "VISUAL"
+msgstr "VISUEL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:159
+msgid "Editor to be used."
+msgstr "Redigeringsprogram der skal bruges."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:163
+msgid "EDITOR"
+msgstr "REDIGERINGSPROGRAM"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Editor to be used if <option>VISUAL</option> is not set."
+msgid "Editor to be used if <_:option-1/> is not set."
+msgstr ""
+"Redigeringsprogram der skal bruges hvis <option>VISUAL</option> ikke er "
+"angivet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:220
+msgid "tcb"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:203
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/> <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>USE_TCB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>USE_TCB</option> (boolesk)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> password shadowing "
+#~ "scheme will be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Hvis <replaceable>ja</replaceable>, så vil skemaet for adgangskodeskygge "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry> blive brugt."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gruppe</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>usermod</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Tilvalgene som kan bruges for kommandoen <command>usermod</command> er:"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMENT</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>KOMMENTAR</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally "
+#~ "modified using the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utility."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Den nye værdi for brugerens kommentar kommentarfelt i adgangskodefilen. "
+#~ "Den ændres normalt med redskabet <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~| "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HJEMMEMAPPE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>UDLØBSDATO</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "An empty <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> argument will disable the "
+#~ "expiration of the account."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Et tomt argument for <replaceable>UDLØBSDATO</replaceable> vil deaktivere "
+#~ "udløb for kontoen."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INAKTIV</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days after a password expires until the account is "
+#~ "permanently disabled."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Antallet af dage fra en adgangskode udløber til kontoen bliver permanent "
+#~ "deaktiveret."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~| "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-v</option>, <option>--add-subuids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INAKTIV</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~| "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-V</option>, <option>--del-subuids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>UDLØBSDATO</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~| "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--add-subgids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INAKTIV</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~| "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--del-subgids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>UDLØBSDATO</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>GID_MIN</option> (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>GID_MAX</option> (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>GID_MIN</option> (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The default value for <option>GID_MIN</option> (resp. <option>GID_MAX</"
+#~| "option>) is 1000 (resp. 60000)."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default values for <option>SUB_GID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_GID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>, <option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> are respectively 100000, "
+#~ "600100000 and 10000."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Standardværdien for <option>GID_MIN</option> (resp. <option>GID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>) er 1000 (resp. 60000)."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>GID_MIN</option> (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>GID_MAX</option> (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>GID_MIN</option> (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The default value for <option>GID_MIN</option> (resp. <option>GID_MAX</"
+#~| "option>) is 1000 (resp. 60000)."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default values for <option>SUB_UID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_UID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>, <option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> are respectively 100000, "
+#~ "600100000 and 10000."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Standardværdien for <option>GID_MIN</option> (resp. <option>GID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>) er 1000 (resp. 60000)."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~| "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~| "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gruppe</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~| "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~| "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gruppe</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HJEMMEMAPPE</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-M</option>, <option>--no-create-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days after a password has expired before the account will "
+#~ "be disabled."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Antallet af dage efter en adgangskode er udløbet før kontoen vil blive "
+#~ "deaktiveret."
+
+#~ msgid "The name of a new user's login shell."
+#~ msgstr "Navnet på en ny brugers logindskal."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>CREATE_HOME</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CREATE_HOME</option> (boolesk)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Indicate if a home directory should be created by default for new users."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Indikerer om en hjemmemappe skal oprettes som standard for nye brugere."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This setting does not apply to system users, and can be overridden on the "
+#~ "command line."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Denne indstilling gælder ikke for systembrugere og kan overskrives på "
+#~ "kommandolinjen."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>GID_MAX</option> (nummer)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>GID_MIN</option> (nummer)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>GID_MIN</option> (resp. <option>GID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>) is 1000 (resp. 60000)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Standardværdien for <option>GID_MIN</option> (resp. <option>GID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>) er 1000 (resp. 60000)."
+
+#~ msgid "username already in use"
+#~ msgstr "brugernavn er allerede i brug"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>useradd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kommandoen <command>useradd</command> findes med de følgende værdier: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~| "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~| "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gruppe</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You can use the <option>--</option> argument to separate <command>su</"
+#~ "command> options from the arguments supplied to the shell."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Du kan bruge argumentet <option>--</option> til at adskille <command>su</"
+#~ "command>-tilvalg fra argumenterne angivet til skallen."
+
+#~ msgid "If not defined, root will be allowed on any device."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Hvis ikke defineret så vil administrator (root) være tilladt på alle "
+#~ "enheder"
+
+#~ msgid "The device should be specified without the /dev/ prefix."
+#~ msgstr "Enheden skal angives uden præfikset /dev/."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Indicate if login is allowed if we can't cd to the home directory. "
+#~ "Default is no."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Indiker om logind er tilladt, hvis vi ikke kan cd til hjemmemappen. "
+#~ "Standarden er nej."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_HZ</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_HZ</option> (streng)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INAKTIV</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This variable is deprecated. You should use <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</"
+#~ "option>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Denne variabel er forældet, du skal bruge <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolesk)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable additional checks upon password changes."
+#~ msgstr "Aktiver yderligere kontroller før ændringer af adgangskode."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_ALWAYS_WARN</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_ALWAYS_WARN</option> (boolesk)"
+
+#~ msgid "Warn about weak passwords (but still allow them) if you are root."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Advar om svage adgangskoder (men tillad dem stadig) hvis du er "
+#~ "administrator (root)."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_CHANGE_TRIES</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_CHANGE_TRIES</option> (antal)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Maximum number of attempts to change password if rejected (too easy)."
+#~ msgstr "Maksimalt antal forsøg at ændre adgangskode hvis afvist (for nemt)."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> (antal)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MIN_LEN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MIN_LEN</option> (antal)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>passwd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kommandoen <command>passwd</command> afsluttedes med de følgende værdier: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified "
+#~ "directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or "
+#~ "updated and its primary group."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Hvis feltet ikke angiver en eksisterende mappe, så oprettes den angiven "
+#~ "mappe, med ejerskab angivet for brugeren der oprettes elelr opdateres og "
+#~ "dennes primære gruppe."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>newusers</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Tilvalgene som gælder for kommandoen <command>newusers</command> er:"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "PAM configuration for <command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr "PAM-konfiguration for <command>newusers</command>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~| "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~| "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gruppe</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>CHFN_AUTH</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CHFN_AUTH</option> (boolesk)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>FAIL_DELAY</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FAIL_DELAY</option> (antal)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable logging of successful logins."
+#~ msgstr "Aktiver logning af succesfulde logind."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB</option> (boolesk)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable display of unknown usernames when login failures are recorded."
+#~ msgstr "Aktiver visning af ukendte brugernavne når logindfejl optages."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: logging unknown usernames may be a security issue if an user enter "
+#~ "her password instead of her login name."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Bemærk: Logning af ukendte brugernaven kan udgøre en sikkerhedsmæssig "
+#~ "risiko såfremt en bruger indtatser sin adgangskode i stedet for sit "
+#~ "logindnavn."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_RETRIES</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOGIN_RETRIES</option> (antal)"
+
+#~ msgid "Maximum number of login retries in case of bad password."
+#~ msgstr "Maksimalt antal logindforsøg i tilfælde af ugyldig adgangskode."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This will most likely be overridden by PAM, since the default pam_unix "
+#~ "module has its own built in of 3 retries. However, this is a safe "
+#~ "fallback in case you are using an authentication module that does not "
+#~ "enforce PAM_MAXTRIES."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Denne vil højst sandsynlig blive overskrevet af PAM, da standardmodulet "
+#~ "pam_unix har sin egen indbygget 3 forsøg. Dette er dog en ekstra "
+#~ "sikkerhed i tilfælde af at du bruger et godkendelsesmodul som ikke "
+#~ "påtvinger PAM_MAXTRiES."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_TIMEOUT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOGIN_TIMEOUT</option> (antal)"
+
+#~ msgid "Max time in seconds for login."
+#~ msgstr "Maks. tidsforbrug i sekunder for logind."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MOTD_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MOTD_FILE</option> (streng)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYGROUP</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TTYGROUP</option> (streng)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYPERM</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TTYPERM</option> (streng)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user's primary "
+#~ "group and the permissions are set to <replaceable>0600</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Som standard er ejerskabet af terminalen angivet til brugerens primære "
+#~ "gruppe og rettighederne er angivet til <replaceable>0600</replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYTYPE_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TTYTYPE_FILE</option> (streng)"
+
+#~ msgid "Default <command>ulimit</command> value."
+#~ msgstr "Standardværdi for <command>ulimit</command>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-C</option>, <option>--clear</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-S</option>, <option>--set</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>grpck</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Tilvalgen som gælder for kommandoen <command>grpck</command> er:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>grpck</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kommandoen <command>grpck</command> findes med de følgende værdier: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupmod</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kommandoen <command>groupmod</command> findes med de følgende værdier: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-p</option>, <option>--purge</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-p</option>, <option>--purge</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupdel</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Tilvalgene som gælder for kommandoen <command>groupdel</command> er:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupdel</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kommandoen <command>groupdel</command> findes med de følgende værdier: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupadd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Tilvalgene som gælder for kommandoen <command>groupadd</command> er:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--full-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FULL_NAME</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--full-name</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>NAVN</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-h</option>, <option>--home-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_PHONE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-h</option>, <option>--home-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>TELEFONNUMMER</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--room</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ROOM_NUMBER</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--room</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>VÆRELSESNUMMER</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--work-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WORK_PHONE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--work-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ARBEJDSTELEFON</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chage</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Tilvalgene som gælder for kommandoen <command>chage</command> er:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>chage</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kommandoen <command>chage</command> findes med de følgende værdier: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "can't create mail spool"
+#~ msgstr "kan ikke oprette postkø"
diff --git a/man/po/de.po b/man/po/de.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28dd653
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/po/de.po
@@ -0,0 +1,16306 @@
+# German translation of shadow-man-pages
+# Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Simon Brandmair <sbrandmair@gmx.net>, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2011, 2012.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: shadow-man-pages\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-08 10:37-0600\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-08-23 01:36+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Simon Brandmair <sbrandmair@gmx.net>\n"
+"Language-Team: debian-l10n-german <http://lists.debian.org/debian-l10n-"
+"german/>\n"
+"Language: \n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:16 chfn.1.xml.out:18 chpasswd.8.xml.out:19 chsh.1.xml.out:18
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:19 faillog.5.xml.out:15 faillog.8.xml.out:15
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:18 groupdel.8.xml.out:16 groupmod.8.xml.out:16
+#: groups.1.xml.out:15 grpck.8.xml.out:15 lastlog.8.xml.out:17
+#: login.1.xml.out:48 login.defs.5.xml.out:84 logoutd.8.xml.out:15
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:16 newusers.8.xml.out:31 passwd.1.xml.out:22
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:15 porttime.5.xml.out:15 pwck.8.xml.out:22
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:15 shadow.5.xml.out:15 sg.1.xml.out:16 su.1.xml.out:32
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:34 userdel.8.xml.out:21 usermod.8.xml.out:22
+msgid "Julianne Frances"
+msgstr "Julianne Frances"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:17 chfn.1.xml.out:19 chpasswd.8.xml.out:20 chsh.1.xml.out:19
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:20 faillog.5.xml.out:16 faillog.8.xml.out:16
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:19 groupdel.8.xml.out:17 groupmod.8.xml.out:17
+#: groups.1.xml.out:16 grpck.8.xml.out:16 lastlog.8.xml.out:18
+#: login.1.xml.out:49 login.defs.5.xml.out:85 logoutd.8.xml.out:16
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:17 newusers.8.xml.out:32 passwd.1.xml.out:23
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:16 porttime.5.xml.out:16 pwck.8.xml.out:23
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:16 shadow.5.xml.out:16 sg.1.xml.out:17 su.1.xml.out:33
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:35 userdel.8.xml.out:22 usermod.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Haugh"
+msgstr "Haugh"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:18 chfn.1.xml.out:20 chsh.1.xml.out:20 expiry.1.xml.out:21
+msgid "Creation, 1990"
+msgstr "ursprünglicher Autor, 1990"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:21 chfn.1.xml.out:23 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:20
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:24 chsh.1.xml.out:23 expiry.1.xml.out:24
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:20 faillog.8.xml.out:20 gpasswd.1.xml.out:25
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:23 groupdel.8.xml.out:21 groupmems.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:21 groups.1.xml.out:20 grpck.8.xml.out:20
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:22 limits.5.xml.out:22 login.1.xml.out:53
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:21 login.defs.5.xml.out:89 logoutd.8.xml.out:20
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:21 newusers.8.xml.out:36 passwd.1.xml.out:27
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:20 porttime.5.xml.out:20 pwck.8.xml.out:27
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:26 shadow.3.xml.out:20 shadow.5.xml.out:20 sg.1.xml.out:21
+#: su.1.xml.out:37 suauth.5.xml.out:20 useradd.8.xml.out:39
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:26 usermod.8.xml.out:27 vipw.8.xml.out:22
+msgid "Thomas"
+msgstr "Thomas"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:22 chfn.1.xml.out:24 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:21
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:25 chsh.1.xml.out:24 expiry.1.xml.out:25
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:21 faillog.8.xml.out:21 gpasswd.1.xml.out:26
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:24 groupdel.8.xml.out:22 groupmems.8.xml.out:25
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:22 groups.1.xml.out:21 grpck.8.xml.out:21
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:23 limits.5.xml.out:23 login.1.xml.out:54
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:22 login.defs.5.xml.out:90 logoutd.8.xml.out:21
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:22 newusers.8.xml.out:37 passwd.1.xml.out:28
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:21 porttime.5.xml.out:21 pwck.8.xml.out:28
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:27 shadow.3.xml.out:21 shadow.5.xml.out:21 sg.1.xml.out:22
+#: su.1.xml.out:38 suauth.5.xml.out:21 useradd.8.xml.out:40
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:27 usermod.8.xml.out:28 vipw.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Kłoczko"
+msgstr "Kłoczko"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/email
+#: chage.1.xml.out:23 chfn.1.xml.out:25 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:22
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:26 chsh.1.xml.out:25 expiry.1.xml.out:26
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:22 faillog.8.xml.out:22 gpasswd.1.xml.out:27
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:25 groupdel.8.xml.out:23 groupmems.8.xml.out:26
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:23 groups.1.xml.out:22 grpck.8.xml.out:22
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:24 limits.5.xml.out:24 login.1.xml.out:55
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:23 login.defs.5.xml.out:91 logoutd.8.xml.out:22
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:23 newusers.8.xml.out:38 passwd.1.xml.out:29
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:22 porttime.5.xml.out:22 pwck.8.xml.out:29
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:28 shadow.3.xml.out:22 shadow.5.xml.out:22 sg.1.xml.out:23
+#: su.1.xml.out:39 suauth.5.xml.out:22 useradd.8.xml.out:41
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:28 usermod.8.xml.out:29 vipw.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "kloczek@pld.org.pl"
+msgstr "kloczek@pld.org.pl"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:24 chfn.1.xml.out:26 chpasswd.8.xml.out:27 chsh.1.xml.out:26
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:27 faillog.5.xml.out:23 faillog.8.xml.out:23
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:28 groupadd.8.xml.out:26 groupdel.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:27 groupmod.8.xml.out:24 groups.1.xml.out:23
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:23 lastlog.8.xml.out:25 limits.5.xml.out:25
+#: login.1.xml.out:56 login.access.5.xml.out:24 login.defs.5.xml.out:92
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:23 newgrp.1.xml.out:24 newusers.8.xml.out:39
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:30 passwd.5.xml.out:23 porttime.5.xml.out:23
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:30 pwconv.8.xml.out:29 shadow.3.xml.out:23
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:23 sg.1.xml.out:24 su.1.xml.out:40 suauth.5.xml.out:23
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:42 userdel.8.xml.out:29 usermod.8.xml.out:30
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:25
+msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007"
+msgstr "shadow-utils-Betreuer, 2000 - 2007"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:27 chfn.1.xml.out:29 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:26
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:30 chsh.1.xml.out:29 expiry.1.xml.out:30
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:26 faillog.8.xml.out:26 gpasswd.1.xml.out:31
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:29 groupdel.8.xml.out:27 groupmems.8.xml.out:30
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:27 groups.1.xml.out:26 grpck.8.xml.out:26
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:14 lastlog.8.xml.out:28 limits.5.xml.out:28
+#: login.1.xml.out:59 login.access.5.xml.out:27 login.defs.5.xml.out:95
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:26 newgrp.1.xml.out:27 newusers.8.xml.out:42
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:15 passwd.1.xml.out:33 passwd.5.xml.out:26
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:26 pwck.8.xml.out:33 pwconv.8.xml.out:32
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:26 shadow.5.xml.out:26 sg.1.xml.out:27 su.1.xml.out:43
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:26 useradd.8.xml.out:45 userdel.8.xml.out:32
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:33 vipw.8.xml.out:28
+msgid "Nicolas"
+msgstr "Nicolas"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:28 chfn.1.xml.out:30 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:27
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:31 chsh.1.xml.out:30 expiry.1.xml.out:31
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:27 faillog.8.xml.out:27 gpasswd.1.xml.out:32
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:30 groupdel.8.xml.out:28 groupmems.8.xml.out:31
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:28 groups.1.xml.out:27 grpck.8.xml.out:27
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:15 lastlog.8.xml.out:29 limits.5.xml.out:29
+#: login.1.xml.out:60 login.access.5.xml.out:28 login.defs.5.xml.out:96
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:27 newgrp.1.xml.out:28 newusers.8.xml.out:43
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:16 passwd.1.xml.out:34 passwd.5.xml.out:27
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:27 pwck.8.xml.out:34 pwconv.8.xml.out:33
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:27 shadow.5.xml.out:27 sg.1.xml.out:28 su.1.xml.out:44
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:27 useradd.8.xml.out:46 userdel.8.xml.out:33
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:34 vipw.8.xml.out:29
+msgid "François"
+msgstr "François"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/email
+#: chage.1.xml.out:29 chfn.1.xml.out:31 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:28
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:32 chsh.1.xml.out:31 expiry.1.xml.out:32
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:28 faillog.8.xml.out:28 gpasswd.1.xml.out:33
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:31 groupdel.8.xml.out:29 groupmems.8.xml.out:32
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:29 groups.1.xml.out:28 grpck.8.xml.out:28
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:16 lastlog.8.xml.out:30 limits.5.xml.out:30
+#: login.1.xml.out:61 login.access.5.xml.out:29 login.defs.5.xml.out:97
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:28 newgrp.1.xml.out:29 newusers.8.xml.out:44
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:17 passwd.1.xml.out:35 passwd.5.xml.out:28
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:28 pwck.8.xml.out:35 pwconv.8.xml.out:34
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:28 shadow.5.xml.out:28 sg.1.xml.out:29 su.1.xml.out:45
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:28 useradd.8.xml.out:47 userdel.8.xml.out:34
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:35 vipw.8.xml.out:30
+msgid "nicolas.francois@centraliens.net"
+msgstr "nicolas.francois@centraliens.net"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:30 chfn.1.xml.out:32 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:29
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:33 chsh.1.xml.out:32 expiry.1.xml.out:33
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:29 faillog.8.xml.out:29 gpasswd.1.xml.out:34
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:32 groupdel.8.xml.out:30 groupmems.8.xml.out:33
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:30 groups.1.xml.out:29 grpck.8.xml.out:29
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:18 lastlog.8.xml.out:31 limits.5.xml.out:31
+#: login.1.xml.out:62 login.access.5.xml.out:30 login.defs.5.xml.out:98
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:29 newgrp.1.xml.out:30 newusers.8.xml.out:45
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:18 passwd.1.xml.out:36 passwd.5.xml.out:29
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:29 pwck.8.xml.out:36 pwconv.8.xml.out:35
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:29 shadow.5.xml.out:29 sg.1.xml.out:30 su.1.xml.out:46
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:29 useradd.8.xml.out:48 userdel.8.xml.out:35
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:36 vipw.8.xml.out:31
+msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now"
+msgstr "shadow-utils-Betreuer, 2007 - heute"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chage.1.xml.out:34 chage.1.xml.out:41 chage.1.xml.out:46 chage.1.xml.out:59
+#: chage.1.xml.out:69 chage.1.xml.out:216 chage.1.xml.out:226
+#: chage.1.xml.out:236 chage.1.xml.out:241 chage.1.xml.out:285
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:233 shadow.5.xml.out:262
+msgid "chage"
+msgstr "chage"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:35 chage.1.xml.out:294 chfn.1.xml.out:37 chfn.1.xml.out:65
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:205 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:217 chpasswd.8.xml.out:265
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:37 chsh.1.xml.out:171 expiry.1.xml.out:38
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:235 gpasswd.1.xml.out:39 gpasswd.1.xml.out:93
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:277 groupadd.8.xml.out:345 groupadd.8.xml.out:348
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:351 groupdel.8.xml.out:205 groupdel.8.xml.out:208
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:211 groupmems.8.xml.out:209 groupmems.8.xml.out:212
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:215 groupmod.8.xml.out:326 groupmod.8.xml.out:329
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:332 groups.1.xml.out:34 groups.1.xml.out:92
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:243 gshadow.5.xml.out:77 gshadow.5.xml.out:165
+#: limits.5.xml.out:185 login.1.xml.out:67 login.1.xml.out:128
+#: login.1.xml.out:377 login.1.xml.out:380 login.1.xml.out:383
+#: login.1.xml.out:386 login.access.5.xml.out:112 login.defs.5.xml.out:516
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:518 login.defs.5.xml.out:520 login.defs.5.xml.out:530
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:533 login.defs.5.xml.out:536 newgrp.1.xml.out:35
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:130 newgrp.1.xml.out:133 newgrp.1.xml.out:136
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:139 newgrp.1.xml.out:142 newusers.8.xml.out:456
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:60 passwd.1.xml.out:41 passwd.1.xml.out:431
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:118 passwd.5.xml.out:173 passwd.5.xml.out:179
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:182 passwd.5.xml.out:197 porttime.5.xml.out:121
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:293 shadow.5.xml.out:262 shadow.5.xml.out:265
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:268 shadow.5.xml.out:283 sg.1.xml.out:35 sg.1.xml.out:119
+#: sg.1.xml.out:122 sg.1.xml.out:125 sg.1.xml.out:128 sg.1.xml.out:131
+#: su.1.xml.out:51 su.1.xml.out:391 su.1.xml.out:415 su.1.xml.out:421
+#: su.1.xml.out:424 suauth.5.xml.out:201 useradd.8.xml.out:817
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:878 useradd.8.xml.out:881 useradd.8.xml.out:884
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:241 userdel.8.xml.out:310 userdel.8.xml.out:313
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:316 usermod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:244
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:605 usermod.8.xml.out:608 usermod.8.xml.out:611
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:78 vipw.8.xml.out:205
+msgid "1"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:36 chfn.1.xml.out:38 chsh.1.xml.out:38 expiry.1.xml.out:39
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:40 groups.1.xml.out:35 login.1.xml.out:68
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:36 passwd.1.xml.out:42 sg.1.xml.out:36 su.1.xml.out:52
+msgid "User Commands"
+msgstr "Dienstprogramme für Benutzer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:37 chfn.1.xml.out:39 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:36
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:40 chsh.1.xml.out:39 expiry.1.xml.out:40
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:36 faillog.8.xml.out:36 gpasswd.1.xml.out:41
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:39 groupdel.8.xml.out:37 groupmems.8.xml.out:40
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:37 groups.1.xml.out:36 grpck.8.xml.out:36
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:25 lastlog.8.xml.out:38 limits.5.xml.out:38
+#: login.1.xml.out:69 login.access.5.xml.out:37 login.defs.5.xml.out:105
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:36 newgrp.1.xml.out:37 newusers.8.xml.out:52
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:25 passwd.1.xml.out:43 passwd.5.xml.out:36
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:36 pwck.8.xml.out:43 pwconv.8.xml.out:42
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:36 shadow.5.xml.out:36 sg.1.xml.out:37 su.1.xml.out:53
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:36 useradd.8.xml.out:55 userdel.8.xml.out:42
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:43 vipw.8.xml.out:38
+msgid "shadow-utils"
+msgstr "shadow-utils"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:38 chfn.1.xml.out:40 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:37
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:41 chsh.1.xml.out:40 expiry.1.xml.out:41
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:37 faillog.8.xml.out:37 gpasswd.1.xml.out:42
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:40 groupdel.8.xml.out:38 groupmems.8.xml.out:41
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:38 groups.1.xml.out:37 grpck.8.xml.out:37
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:26 lastlog.8.xml.out:39 limits.5.xml.out:39
+#: login.1.xml.out:70 login.access.5.xml.out:38 login.defs.5.xml.out:106
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:37 newgrp.1.xml.out:38 newusers.8.xml.out:53
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:26 passwd.1.xml.out:44 passwd.5.xml.out:37
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:37 pwck.8.xml.out:44 pwconv.8.xml.out:43
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:37 shadow.5.xml.out:37 sg.1.xml.out:38 su.1.xml.out:54
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:37 useradd.8.xml.out:56 userdel.8.xml.out:43
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:44 vipw.8.xml.out:39
+msgid "4.13"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chage.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "change user password expiry information"
+msgstr "ändert die Information zum Passwortverfall"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: chage.1.xml.out:48 chfn.1.xml.out:51 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:48
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:52 chsh.1.xml.out:51 faillog.8.xml.out:48
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:49 groupmod.8.xml.out:49 grpck.8.xml.out:47
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:50 newusers.8.xml.out:64 passwd.1.xml.out:55
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:54 pwconv.8.xml.out:57 pwconv.8.xml.out:63
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:69 pwconv.8.xml.out:75 su.1.xml.out:64 useradd.8.xml.out:66
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:78 userdel.8.xml.out:52 usermod.8.xml.out:55
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:53 vipw.8.xml.out:59
+msgid "options"
+msgstr "Optionen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:51 chfn.1.xml.out:54 chsh.1.xml.out:54 faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 passwd.1.xml.out:58 useradd.8.xml.out:68
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:158 userdel.8.xml.out:54 userdel.8.xml.out:64
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:57 usermod.8.xml.out:222 usermod.8.xml.out:506
+msgid "LOGIN"
+msgstr "ANMELDENAME"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:57 chfn.1.xml.out:60 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:54
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:58 chsh.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:58
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:45 faillog.8.xml.out:54 gpasswd.1.xml.out:70
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:60 groupdel.8.xml.out:56 groupmems.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:56 groups.1.xml.out:54 grpck.8.xml.out:58
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:34 lastlog.8.xml.out:56 limits.5.xml.out:48
+#: login.1.xml.out:101 login.access.5.xml.out:46 login.defs.5.xml.out:114
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:51 newgrp.1.xml.out:53 newusers.8.xml.out:73
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:40 passwd.1.xml.out:64 passwd.5.xml.out:45
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:45 pwck.8.xml.out:69 pwconv.8.xml.out:81
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:94 shadow.3.xml.out:150 shadow.5.xml.out:45 sg.1.xml.out:57
+#: su.1.xml.out:79 suauth.5.xml.out:51 useradd.8.xml.out:84
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:60 usermod.8.xml.out:62 vipw.8.xml.out:65
+msgid "DESCRIPTION"
+msgstr "BESCHREIBUNG"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:58
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chage</command> command changes the number of days between "
+#| "password changes and the date of the last password change. This "
+#| "information is used by the system to determine when a user must change "
+#| "their password."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes the number of days between password "
+"changes and the date of the last password change. This information is used "
+"by the system to determine when a user must change their password."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Befehl <command>chage</command> verändert die Anzahl der Tage zwischen "
+"dem letzten Wechsel des Passworts und dem nächsten Wechsel. Mit dieser "
+"Information bestimmt das System, wann ein Benutzer sein Passwort verändern "
+"muss."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:67 chfn.1.xml.out:87 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:81
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:106 chsh.1.xml.out:71 expiry.1.xml.out:67
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:65 gpasswd.1.xml.out:110 groupadd.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:80 groupdel.8.xml.out:64 groupmems.8.xml.out:76
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:65 grpck.8.xml.out:122 lastlog.8.xml.out:68
+#: login.1.xml.out:186 newusers.8.xml.out:250 passwd.1.xml.out:150
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:163 su.1.xml.out:120
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:102 userdel.8.xml.out:69 usermod.8.xml.out:70
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:83
+msgid "OPTIONS"
+msgstr "OPTIONEN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:68 chfn.1.xml.out:88 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:82
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:107 chsh.1.xml.out:72 expiry.1.xml.out:68
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:66 gpasswd.1.xml.out:118 groupadd.8.xml.out:81
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:77 groupmod.8.xml.out:66
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:127 lastlog.8.xml.out:69 newusers.8.xml.out:251
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:151 pwck.8.xml.out:158 su.1.xml.out:121
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:103 userdel.8.xml.out:70 usermod.8.xml.out:71
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The options which apply to the <command>su</command> command are:"
+msgid "The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> command are:"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>su</command> unterstützt werden, sind:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74 gpasswd.1.xml.out:137 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:168 useradd.8.xml.out:123 useradd.8.xml.out:151
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:599 usermod.8.xml.out:112 usermod.8.xml.out:260
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-d"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "--lastday"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74 chage.1.xml.out:81 chage.1.xml.out:175
+msgid "LAST_DAY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chage.1.xml.out:73 chage.1.xml.out:88 chage.1.xml.out:127
+#: chage.1.xml.out:156 chage.1.xml.out:168 chage.1.xml.out:189
+#: chage.1.xml.out:202 chfn.1.xml.out:93 chfn.1.xml.out:101 chfn.1.xml.out:109
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:121 chfn.1.xml.out:129 chfn.1.xml.out:150
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:122 chpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chpasswd.8.xml.out:164
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:177 chsh.1.xml.out:83 chsh.1.xml.out:96
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:104 faillog.8.xml.out:119 faillog.8.xml.out:156
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 gpasswd.1.xml.out:123 gpasswd.1.xml.out:136
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:157 groupadd.8.xml.out:101 groupadd.8.xml.out:157
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:200 groupadd.8.xml.out:213 groupdel.8.xml.out:88
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:101 groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110 groupmems.8.xml.out:141 groupmod.8.xml.out:72
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:81 groupmod.8.xml.out:120 groupmod.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:163 groupmod.8.xml.out:176 grpck.8.xml.out:148
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:74 lastlog.8.xml.out:103 lastlog.8.xml.out:127
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:305 passwd.1.xml.out:196 passwd.1.xml.out:245
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:267 passwd.1.xml.out:277 passwd.1.xml.out:321
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:334 pwck.8.xml.out:196 pwconv.8.xml.out:177
+#: su.1.xml.out:125 su.1.xml.out:162 useradd.8.xml.out:117
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:150 useradd.8.xml.out:178
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:195 useradd.8.xml.out:229 useradd.8.xml.out:277
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:424 useradd.8.xml.out:488 useradd.8.xml.out:501
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:516 useradd.8.xml.out:530 useradd.8.xml.out:565
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:591 useradd.8.xml.out:609 useradd.8.xml.out:621
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:638 useradd.8.xml.out:654 userdel.8.xml.out:122
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:135 usermod.8.xml.out:98 usermod.8.xml.out:111
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:128 usermod.8.xml.out:151 usermod.8.xml.out:173
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:216 usermod.8.xml.out:289 usermod.8.xml.out:327
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:340 usermod.8.xml.out:356 usermod.8.xml.out:368
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:500 vipw.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:82 chage.1.xml.out:288 groupadd.8.xml.out:303
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:168 groupmod.8.xml.out:259 grpck.8.xml.out:237
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:138 passwd.1.xml.out:425 pwck.8.xml.out:287
+#: su.1.xml.out:385 useradd.8.xml.out:811 userdel.8.xml.out:235
+msgid "0"
+msgstr "0"
+
+# SB: So I could also do DD.MM.YYYY or MM.DD.YYYY? How does system know which format I chose?
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:77
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last "
+#| "changed. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the "
+#| "format more commonly used in your area)."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last "
+"changed. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the "
+"format more commonly used in your area). If the <_:replaceable-1/> is set to "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> the user is forced to change his password on the next log on."
+msgstr ""
+"Legt die Anzahl der Tage, gerechnet ab dem 1. Januar 1970, fest, seit denen "
+"das Passwort das letzte Mal gewechselt wurde. Das Datum kann auch im Format "
+"JJJJ-MM-TT (oder in dem Format, das in Ihrer Region verbreitet ist) "
+"angegeben werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-E"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89 useradd.8.xml.out:179 useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "--expiredate"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89 chage.1.xml.out:109 useradd.8.xml.out:179
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:610 usermod.8.xml.out:129 usermod.8.xml.out:243
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:416
+msgid "EXPIRE_DATE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:92
+msgid ""
+"Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on which the user's "
+"account will no longer be accessible. The date may also be expressed in the "
+"format YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area). A user "
+"whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being "
+"able to use the system again."
+msgstr ""
+"Setzt das Datum oder die Anzahl der Tage seit dem 1. Januar 1970, ab dem auf "
+"das Benutzerkonto nicht mehr zugegriffen werden kann. Das Datum kann auch im "
+"Format JJJJ-MM-TT (oder in dem Format, das in Ihrer Region verbreitet ist) "
+"angegeben werden. Ein Benutzer, dessen Konto gesperrt ist, muss sich mit dem "
+"Systemadministrator in Verbindung setzen, ehe er sich wieder am System "
+"anmelden kann."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 "
+"days:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting
+#: chage.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "chage -E $(date -d +180days +%Y-%m-%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:108 chage.1.xml.out:139 chage.1.xml.out:182
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:344 useradd.8.xml.out:315
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "1"
+msgid "-1"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:107
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as the "
+#| "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> will remove an account expiration "
+#| "date."
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an "
+"account expiration date."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> als <replaceable>VERFALLSDATUM</"
+"replaceable> angegeben wird, wird das Verfallsdatum für das Konto entfernt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chfn.1.xml.out:102 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:96 login.1.xml.out:204
+#: login.1.xml.out:229 newusers.8.xml.out:280 passwd.1.xml.out:190
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwconv.8.xml.out:171 useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:99 vipw.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "-h"
+msgstr "-h"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chfn.1.xml.out:143 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:96 newusers.8.xml.out:280
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:190 pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: su.1.xml.out:387 useradd.8.xml.out:271 userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "--help"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chage.1.xml.out:121 chage.1.xml.out:146
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:142 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:139 chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:73 expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:88 faillog.8.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:98
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 gpasswd.1.xml.out:172
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:188 groupadd.8.xml.out:87 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:144 groupadd.8.xml.out:184 groupadd.8.xml.out:228
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:71 groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:124 groupmems.8.xml.out:130 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:131 groupmod.8.xml.out:193 grpck.8.xml.out:132
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 grpck.8.xml.out:161 grpck.8.xml.out:172
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:84 lastlog.8.xml.out:95 lastlog.8.xml.out:116
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:268 newusers.8.xml.out:280 newusers.8.xml.out:286
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320 passwd.1.xml.out:156 passwd.1.xml.out:167
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:179 passwd.1.xml.out:190 passwd.1.xml.out:209
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:221 passwd.1.xml.out:257 passwd.1.xml.out:290
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:308 pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwck.8.xml.out:179
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188 pwck.8.xml.out:209 pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:168 useradd.8.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330 useradd.8.xml.out:349 useradd.8.xml.out:372
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:385 useradd.8.xml.out:404 useradd.8.xml.out:455
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:548 userdel.8.xml.out:75 userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:105 userdel.8.xml.out:152 usermod.8.xml.out:77
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:88 usermod.8.xml.out:230 usermod.8.xml.out:249
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:270 usermod.8.xml.out:316 usermod.8.xml.out:404
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:90 vipw.8.xml.out:96 vipw.8.xml.out:102 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127 vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>"
+msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:117 chfn.1.xml.out:146 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:109
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:149 chsh.1.xml.out:79 expiry.1.xml.out:90
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:100 gpasswd.1.xml.out:151 groupadd.8.xml.out:120
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:84 groupmems.8.xml.out:120 groupmod.8.xml.out:116
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:134 lastlog.8.xml.out:99 newusers.8.xml.out:282
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:192 pwck.8.xml.out:175 pwconv.8.xml.out:173
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:273 userdel.8.xml.out:101 vipw.8.xml.out:98
+msgid "Display help message and exit."
+msgstr "zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121 passwd.1.xml.out:197
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-i"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121
+msgid "--iso8601"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "When printing dates, use YYYY-MM-DD format."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-I"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128 passwd.1.xml.out:197 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622 usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "--inactive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128 chage.1.xml.out:134 chage.1.xml.out:140
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:197 passwd.1.xml.out:203 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:211 useradd.8.xml.out:622 useradd.8.xml.out:632
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "INACTIVE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:131
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before "
+#| "the account is locked. The <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> option is "
+#| "the number of days of inactivity. A user whose account is locked must "
+#| "contact the system administrator before being able to use the system "
+#| "again."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the "
+"account is locked. The <_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days of "
+"inactivity. A user whose account is locked must contact the system "
+"administrator before being able to use the system again."
+msgstr ""
+"Legt die Anzahl der Tage der Untätigkeit fest, nach denen ein Passwort "
+"abgelaufen ist, bevor das Konto gesperrt wird. Die Option "
+"<replaceable>INAKTIV</replaceable> bezeichnet die Anzahl der Tage, für die "
+"das Konto inaktiv ist. Ein Benutzer, dessen Konto gesperrt ist, muss sich "
+"mit dem Systemadministrator in Verbindung setzen, ehe er sich wieder am "
+"System anmelden kann."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:138
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as the "
+#| "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> will remove an account's inactivity."
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an "
+"account's inactivity."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> als <replaceable>INAKTIV</"
+"replaceable> angegeben wird, wird die Überwachung der fehlenden Verwendung "
+"des Kontos entfernt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: chage.1.xml.out:147 chage.1.xml.out:242 faillog.8.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105 faillog.8.xml.out:185 faillog.8.xml.out:202
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:55 groupmems.8.xml.out:124 passwd.1.xml.out:222
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:316 su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:156 useradd.8.xml.out:330
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "-l"
+msgstr "-l"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:147 groupmems.8.xml.out:124
+msgid "--list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:150
+msgid "Show account aging information."
+msgstr "zeigt Informationen zur Kontoalterung an"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:72 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:78 chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:130
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:155 faillog.8.xml.out:88 faillog.8.xml.out:120
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:185 faillog.8.xml.out:202 su.1.xml.out:207
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:287 useradd.8.xml.out:350 useradd.8.xml.out:476
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:119 usermod.8.xml.out:250
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-m"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+msgid "--mindays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 chage.1.xml.out:162 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:251
+msgid "MIN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:160 passwd.1.xml.out:249
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the minimum number of days between password changes to "
+#| "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>. A value of zero for this field "
+#| "indicates that the user may change their password at any time."
+msgid ""
+"Set the minimum number of days between password changes to <_:replaceable-1/"
+">. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their "
+"password at any time."
+msgstr ""
+"Setzt die Anzahl von Tagen, die mindestens zwischen zwei Änderungen eines "
+"Passworts vergehen müssen, auf <replaceable>MIN_TAGE</replaceable>. Ein Wert "
+"von Null in diesem Feld bedeutet, dass der Benutzer sein Passwort jederzeit "
+"ändern darf."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 gpasswd.1.xml.out:81 gpasswd.1.xml.out:112
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:162 useradd.8.xml.out:373
+msgid "-M"
+msgstr "-M"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 passwd.1.xml.out:335
+msgid "--maxdays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 chage.1.xml.out:174 chage.1.xml.out:183
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335 passwd.1.xml.out:340 passwd.1.xml.out:345
+msgid "MAX_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:178 chage.1.xml.out:203 usermod.8.xml.out:481
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-W"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:172
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid. When "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable> plus <replaceable>LAST_DAY</"
+#| "replaceable> is less than the current day, the user will be required to "
+#| "change their password before being able to use their account. This "
+#| "occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the <option>-W</"
+#| "option> option, which provides the user with advance warning."
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid. When <_:"
+"replaceable-1/> plus <_:replaceable-2/> is less than the current day, the "
+"user will be required to change their password before being able to use "
+"their account. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the "
+"<_:option-3/> option, which provides the user with advance warning."
+msgstr ""
+"Bestimmt die maximale Anzahl von Tagen, die das Passwort gültig bleibt. Wenn "
+"<replaceable>MAX_TAGE</replaceable> plus <replaceable>LETZTER_TAG</"
+"replaceable> älter als das aktuelle Datum ist, muss der Benutzer sein "
+"Passwort ändern, ehe er sein Konto benutzen kann. Mit der Option <option>-W</"
+"option> werden die Benutzer vor dem drohenden Verfall ihres Passworts "
+"gewarnt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:181 passwd.1.xml.out:343
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable> will remove checking a password's "
+#| "validity."
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as <_:replaceable-2/> will remove "
+"checking a password's validity."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> als <replaceable>MAX_TAGE</"
+"replaceable> angegeben wird, wird der Passwortverfall entfernt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chfn.1.xml.out:130 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chsh.1.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:189 groupadd.8.xml.out:201 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142 groupmod.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104 newusers.8.xml.out:306 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197 pwconv.8.xml.out:178 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123 usermod.8.xml.out:328 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-R"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chfn.1.xml.out:130 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chsh.1.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158 groupadd.8.xml.out:201 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142 groupmod.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104 newusers.8.xml.out:306 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197 pwconv.8.xml.out:178 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123 usermod.8.xml.out:328 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "--root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chage.1.xml.out:194 chage.1.xml.out:196
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:130 chfn.1.xml.out:134 chfn.1.xml.out:136
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:127 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:129
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chpasswd.8.xml.out:169 chpasswd.8.xml.out:171
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:84 chsh.1.xml.out:88 chsh.1.xml.out:90 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:161 faillog.8.xml.out:163 gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:162 gpasswd.1.xml.out:164 groupadd.8.xml.out:201
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:205 groupadd.8.xml.out:207 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:93 groupdel.8.xml.out:95 groupmems.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:146 groupmems.8.xml.out:148 groupmod.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:168 groupmod.8.xml.out:170 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:153 grpck.8.xml.out:155 lastlog.8.xml.out:104
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:108 lastlog.8.xml.out:110 newusers.8.xml.out:306
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:310 newusers.8.xml.out:312 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:282 passwd.1.xml.out:284 pwck.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:201 pwck.8.xml.out:203 pwconv.8.xml.out:178
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:182 pwconv.8.xml.out:184 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:493 useradd.8.xml.out:495 userdel.8.xml.out:123
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:127 userdel.8.xml.out:129 usermod.8.xml.out:328
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:332 usermod.8.xml.out:334 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:119 vipw.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "CHROOT_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:193 chfn.1.xml.out:133 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:126
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:168 chsh.1.xml.out:87 faillog.8.xml.out:160
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:161 groupadd.8.xml.out:204 groupdel.8.xml.out:92
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:145 groupmod.8.xml.out:167 grpck.8.xml.out:152
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:107 newusers.8.xml.out:309 passwd.1.xml.out:281
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:200 pwconv.8.xml.out:181 useradd.8.xml.out:492
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:126 usermod.8.xml.out:331 vipw.8.xml.out:118
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory and "
+#| "use the configuration files from the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</"
+#| "replaceable> directory."
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration "
+"files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. Only absolute paths are "
+"supported."
+msgstr ""
+"führt die Veränderungen in dem Verzeichnis  <replaceable>CHROOT_VERZ</"
+"replaceable> durch und verwendet die Konfigurationsdateien aus dem "
+"Verzeichnis <replaceable>CHROOT_VERZ</replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203 passwd.1.xml.out:322
+msgid "--warndays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203 chage.1.xml.out:208 passwd.1.xml.out:322
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:327
+msgid "WARN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:206
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. "
+#| "The <replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable> option is the number of days "
+#| "prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password "
+#| "is about to expire."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The "
+"<_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password "
+"expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"Legt die Anzahl der Tage fest, an denen der Benutzer eine Warnung erhält, "
+"bevor sein Passwort geändert werden muss. Die Option <replaceable>WARN_TAGE</"
+"replaceable> bezeichnet die Anzahl der Tage, für die ein Benutzer vor "
+"Verfall seines Passworts gewarnt wird."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:220 chfn.1.xml.out:163 chsh.1.xml.out:112
+msgid "[ ]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:215
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If none of the options are selected, <command>chage</command> operates in "
+#| "an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for "
+#| "all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the "
+#| "line blank to use the current value. The current value is displayed "
+#| "between a pair of <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> marks."
+msgid ""
+"If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of "
+"the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank "
+"to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> marks."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn keine Option ausgewählt wird, arbeitet <command>chage</command> "
+"interaktiv. Dabei wird der Benutzer nach den aktuellen Werten für alle "
+"Felder befragt. Bei Eingabe eines neuen Wertes wird dieser verwendet, bei "
+"Eingabe einer Leerzeile stattdessen der Originalwert beibehalten. Der "
+"aktuelle Wert wird zwischen einem Paar von <emphasis remap=\"B\">[ ]</"
+"emphasis> angezeigt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:224 chsh.1.xml.out:117 groups.1.xml.out:65
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:170
+msgid "NOTE"
+msgstr "ANMERKUNGEN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:225
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chage</command> program requires a shadow password file to "
+#| "be available."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program requires a shadow password file to be available."
+msgstr ""
+"Für das Programm <command>chage</command> ist es notwendig, dass eine Shadow-"
+"Passwort-Datei vorhanden ist."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:229
+msgid ""
+"The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password "
+"file. This implies that configuration from other sources (e.g. LDAP or empty "
+"password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user's login will "
+"not be shown in the chage output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: chage.1.xml.out:238 grpck.8.xml.out:294 login.defs.5.xml.out:410
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:185 pwck.8.xml.out:40 pwck.8.xml.out:47 pwck.8.xml.out:53
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:71 pwck.8.xml.out:147 pwck.8.xml.out:159 pwck.8.xml.out:191
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:223 pwck.8.xml.out:284 pwconv.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:248 shadow.5.xml.out:274
+msgid "pwck"
+msgstr "pwck"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:235
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program will also not report any inconsistency between "
+"the shadow and passwd files (e.g. missing x in the passwd file). The <_:"
+"command-2/> can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:241
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chage</command> command is restricted to the root user, "
+#| "except for the <option>-l</option> option, which may be used by an "
+#| "unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to "
+#| "expire."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is restricted to the root user, except for the <_:"
+"option-2/> option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine "
+"when their password or account is due to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Befehl <command>chage</command> kann nur von Root ausgeführt werden. "
+"Alle anderen Benutzer können nur die Option <option>-l</option> verwenden, "
+"um die Verfallsdaten für ihr Konto einzusehen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:249 chfn.1.xml.out:170 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:175
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:216 chsh.1.xml.out:131 gpasswd.1.xml.out:241
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:247 groupdel.8.xml.out:133 groupmems.8.xml.out:176
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:212 grpck.8.xml.out:196 lastlog.8.xml.out:182
+#: login.1.xml.out:270 newgrp.1.xml.out:85 newusers.8.xml.out:360
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:372 pwck.8.xml.out:240 pwconv.8.xml.out:204 sg.1.xml.out:74
+#: su.1.xml.out:314 useradd.8.xml.out:710 userdel.8.xml.out:165
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:536 vipw.8.xml.out:142
+msgid "CONFIGURATION"
+msgstr "KONFIGURATION"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:252 chfn.1.xml.out:68 chfn.1.xml.out:173 chfn.1.xml.out:187
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:155 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:205 chpasswd.8.xml.out:77 chpasswd.8.xml.out:134
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:200 chpasswd.8.xml.out:219 chpasswd.8.xml.out:247
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:134 chsh.1.xml.out:159 gpasswd.1.xml.out:244
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:129 groupadd.8.xml.out:239 groupadd.8.xml.out:250
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:276 groupdel.8.xml.out:136 groupmems.8.xml.out:179
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:109 groupmod.8.xml.out:204 groupmod.8.xml.out:215
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:239 grpck.8.xml.out:199 lastlog.8.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:273 login.1.xml.out:365 login.access.5.xml.out:100
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:116 login.defs.5.xml.out:515 newgrp.1.xml.out:88
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:340 newusers.8.xml.out:363 newusers.8.xml.out:423
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:375 passwd.1.xml.out:405 pwck.8.xml.out:243
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:148 pwconv.8.xml.out:207 pwconv.8.xml.out:215
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:230 sg.1.xml.out:77 su.1.xml.out:109 su.1.xml.out:219
+#: su.1.xml.out:277 su.1.xml.out:317 su.1.xml.out:357 useradd.8.xml.out:241
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:307 useradd.8.xml.out:378 useradd.8.xml.out:399
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:467 useradd.8.xml.out:474 useradd.8.xml.out:560
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:713 useradd.8.xml.out:797 userdel.8.xml.out:87
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:168 userdel.8.xml.out:191 userdel.8.xml.out:297
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:399 usermod.8.xml.out:539 usermod.8.xml.out:569
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "/etc/login.defs"
+msgstr "/etc/login.defs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:250 chfn.1.xml.out:171 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:176
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:217 chsh.1.xml.out:132 gpasswd.1.xml.out:242
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:248 groupdel.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:213 grpck.8.xml.out:197 lastlog.8.xml.out:183
+#: login.1.xml.out:271 newgrp.1.xml.out:86 newusers.8.xml.out:361
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:373 pwck.8.xml.out:241 sg.1.xml.out:75 su.1.xml.out:315
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:711 userdel.8.xml.out:166 usermod.8.xml.out:537
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:143
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename> change the behavior of this tool:"
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior "
+"of this tool:"
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden Konfigurationsvariablen in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename> beeinflussen das Verhalten dieses Werkzeugs:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:261 chfn.1.xml.out:184 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:190
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:232 chsh.1.xml.out:144 expiry.1.xml.out:97
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:220 gpasswd.1.xml.out:256
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:261 groupdel.8.xml.out:145 groupmems.8.xml.out:188
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:224 groups.1.xml.out:77 grpck.8.xml.out:208
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:194 limits.5.xml.out:172
+#: login.1.xml.out:314 login.access.5.xml.out:97 logoutd.8.xml.out:65
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:97 newusers.8.xml.out:396 passwd.1.xml.out:390
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:139 porttime.5.xml.out:106 pwck.8.xml.out:258
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:227 shadow.3.xml.out:202 shadow.5.xml.out:231
+#: sg.1.xml.out:86 su.1.xml.out:342 suauth.5.xml.out:169 useradd.8.xml.out:740
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:182 usermod.8.xml.out:554 vipw.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "FILES"
+msgstr "DATEIEN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:265 chfn.1.xml.out:193 chpasswd.8.xml.out:235
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:147 expiry.1.xml.out:100 groupmod.8.xml.out:245
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:223 lastlog.8.xml.out:63 login.1.xml.out:145
+#: login.1.xml.out:329 newgrp.1.xml.out:65 newgrp.1.xml.out:70
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:100 newusers.8.xml.out:399 passwd.1.xml.out:393
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:47 passwd.5.xml.out:89 passwd.5.xml.out:142
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:73 pwck.8.xml.out:145 pwck.8.xml.out:212 pwck.8.xml.out:224
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:267 pwconv.8.xml.out:127 shadow.5.xml.out:234 sg.1.xml.out:89
+#: su.1.xml.out:185 su.1.xml.out:197 su.1.xml.out:345 useradd.8.xml.out:524
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:743 userdel.8.xml.out:197 usermod.8.xml.out:103
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:305 usermod.8.xml.out:362 usermod.8.xml.out:575
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:68 vipw.8.xml.out:187
+msgid "/etc/passwd"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:268 chfn.1.xml.out:195 chpasswd.8.xml.out:237
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:149 expiry.1.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:247
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:225 login.1.xml.out:331 newgrp.1.xml.out:102
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:401 passwd.1.xml.out:395 passwd.5.xml.out:144
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:269 shadow.5.xml.out:236 sg.1.xml.out:91 su.1.xml.out:347
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:745 userdel.8.xml.out:199 vipw.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "User account information."
+msgstr "Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:273 chpasswd.8.xml.out:241 expiry.1.xml.out:106
+#: login.1.xml.out:335 newgrp.1.xml.out:68 newgrp.1.xml.out:106
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:295 newusers.8.xml.out:405 passwd.1.xml.out:399
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:82 passwd.5.xml.out:148 pwck.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:107 pwck.8.xml.out:213 pwck.8.xml.out:225 pwck.8.xml.out:273
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:128 pwconv.8.xml.out:149 shadow.3.xml.out:97
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:173 shadow.3.xml.out:205 shadow.5.xml.out:78
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:240 sg.1.xml.out:95 su.1.xml.out:351 useradd.8.xml.out:439
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:464 useradd.8.xml.out:749 userdel.8.xml.out:203
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:144 usermod.8.xml.out:145 usermod.8.xml.out:166
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:167 usermod.8.xml.out:306 usermod.8.xml.out:581
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:71 vipw.8.xml.out:193
+msgid "/etc/shadow"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:276 chpasswd.8.xml.out:243 expiry.1.xml.out:108
+#: login.1.xml.out:337 newgrp.1.xml.out:108 newusers.8.xml.out:407
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:401 pwck.8.xml.out:275 shadow.3.xml.out:207
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:242 sg.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:353 useradd.8.xml.out:751
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:205 vipw.8.xml.out:195
+msgid "Secure user account information."
+msgstr "verschlüsselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:283 groupadd.8.xml.out:298 groupdel.8.xml.out:163
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:254 grpck.8.xml.out:232 passwd.1.xml.out:420
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:282 su.1.xml.out:366 useradd.8.xml.out:806
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:230
+msgid "EXIT VALUES"
+msgstr "RÜCKGABEWERTE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:290 groupadd.8.xml.out:305 groupdel.8.xml.out:170
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:239 passwd.1.xml.out:427 pwck.8.xml.out:289
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:813 userdel.8.xml.out:237
+msgid "success"
+msgstr "Erfolg"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:296 passwd.1.xml.out:433
+msgid "permission denied"
+msgstr "Berechtigung verweigert"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#: chage.1.xml.out:300 groupadd.8.xml.out:309 groupdel.8.xml.out:174
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:265 groups.1.xml.out:95 groups.1.xml.out:98
+#: groups.1.xml.out:101 grpck.8.xml.out:249 limits.5.xml.out:90
+#: limits.5.xml.out:101 limits.5.xml.out:188 limits.5.xml.out:191
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:437 pwck.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:823
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:247
+msgid "2"
+msgstr "2"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:302 groupadd.8.xml.out:311 groupdel.8.xml.out:176
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:245 pwck.8.xml.out:295 useradd.8.xml.out:825
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:249
+msgid "invalid command syntax"
+msgstr "unzulässige Syntax für diesen Befehl"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:306
+msgid "15"
+msgstr "15"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:308
+msgid "can't find the shadow password file"
+msgstr "Eine Shadow-Passwort-Datei kann nicht gefunden werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:284 groupadd.8.xml.out:299 groupdel.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:255 grpck.8.xml.out:233 passwd.1.xml.out:421
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:283 useradd.8.xml.out:807 userdel.8.xml.out:231
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>pwck</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#| "<placeholder-1/>"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command exits with the following values: <_:"
+"variablelist-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Der Befehl <command>pwck</command> gibt beim Beenden folgende Werte zurück: "
+"<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:316 chfn.1.xml.out:202 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:214
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:262 chsh.1.xml.out:168 expiry.1.xml.out:115
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:232 gpasswd.1.xml.out:274
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:343 groupdel.8.xml.out:202 groupmems.8.xml.out:206
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:323 groups.1.xml.out:89 grpck.8.xml.out:277
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:150 limits.5.xml.out:182 login.1.xml.out:374
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:109 login.defs.5.xml.out:527 newgrp.1.xml.out:127
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:450 nologin.8.xml.out:57 passwd.1.xml.out:471
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:167 porttime.5.xml.out:118 pwck.8.xml.out:333
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:239 shadow.3.xml.out:214 shadow.5.xml.out:259
+#: sg.1.xml.out:116 su.1.xml.out:413 suauth.5.xml.out:198 useradd.8.xml.out:875
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:308 usermod.8.xml.out:602 vipw.8.xml.out:202
+msgid "SEE ALSO"
+msgstr "SIEHE AUCH"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:319 chfn.1.xml.out:211 chpasswd.8.xml.out:265
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:177 expiry.1.xml.out:118 groupadd.8.xml.out:351
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:211 groupmems.8.xml.out:215 groupmod.8.xml.out:332
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:291 lastlog.8.xml.out:176 login.1.xml.out:128
+#: login.1.xml.out:380 login.1.xml.out:395 login.defs.5.xml.out:399
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:516 login.defs.5.xml.out:533 login.defs.5.xml.out:539
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:79 newusers.8.xml.out:456 passwd.1.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:47 passwd.1.xml.out:53 passwd.1.xml.out:66
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:69 passwd.1.xml.out:86 passwd.1.xml.out:116
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:152 passwd.1.xml.out:366 passwd.1.xml.out:413
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:422 passwd.1.xml.out:451 passwd.1.xml.out:457
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:477 passwd.5.xml.out:33 passwd.5.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:182 pwck.8.xml.out:228 pwck.8.xml.out:342
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:84 pwconv.8.xml.out:99 shadow.5.xml.out:268
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:271 useradd.8.xml.out:884 userdel.8.xml.out:316
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:611 vipw.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "passwd"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:319 chage.1.xml.out:322 chfn.1.xml.out:208
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:211 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:223 chpasswd.8.xml.out:272
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:174 chsh.1.xml.out:177 expiry.1.xml.out:118
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:121 faillog.5.xml.out:34 faillog.8.xml.out:238
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:292 gpasswd.1.xml.out:295 groupadd.8.xml.out:363
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:344 grpck.8.xml.out:267 grpck.8.xml.out:280
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:287 grpck.8.xml.out:291 grpck.8.xml.out:297
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:23 gshadow.5.xml.out:153 gshadow.5.xml.out:156
+#: limits.5.xml.out:36 login.1.xml.out:389 login.1.xml.out:392
+#: login.1.xml.out:395 login.1.xml.out:398 login.access.5.xml.out:35
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:103 login.defs.5.xml.out:539 login.defs.5.xml.out:542
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:145 newgrp.1.xml.out:148 newusers.8.xml.out:79
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:453 newusers.8.xml.out:460 newusers.8.xml.out:463
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:48 nologin.8.xml.out:63 passwd.1.xml.out:455
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:477 passwd.1.xml.out:480 passwd.1.xml.out:484
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:34 passwd.5.xml.out:80 passwd.5.xml.out:194
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:34 pwck.8.xml.out:317 pwck.8.xml.out:336
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:342 pwck.8.xml.out:345 pwconv.8.xml.out:245
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:220 shadow.5.xml.out:34 shadow.5.xml.out:271
+#: sg.1.xml.out:134 sg.1.xml.out:137 su.1.xml.out:418 suauth.5.xml.out:34
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:91 useradd.8.xml.out:205 useradd.8.xml.out:628
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:899 useradd.8.xml.out:906 useradd.8.xml.out:909
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:319 userdel.8.xml.out:335 userdel.8.xml.out:338
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:162 usermod.8.xml.out:629 usermod.8.xml.out:633
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:636 vipw.8.xml.out:208 vipw.8.xml.out:211
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:214 vipw.8.xml.out:217 vipw.8.xml.out:220 vipw.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "5"
+msgstr "5"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:322 expiry.1.xml.out:121 grpck.8.xml.out:51
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:190 grpck.8.xml.out:297 login.defs.5.xml.out:542
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:480 passwd.5.xml.out:79 passwd.5.xml.out:194
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:229 pwck.8.xml.out:233 pwck.8.xml.out:345 pwconv.8.xml.out:84
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:85 pwconv.8.xml.out:100 pwconv.8.xml.out:101
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:33 shadow.3.xml.out:40 shadow.3.xml.out:96
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:220 shadow.5.xml.out:33 shadow.5.xml.out:40
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:47 useradd.8.xml.out:205 useradd.8.xml.out:628
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:162 vipw.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "shadow"
+msgstr "shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:317 expiry.1.xml.out:116 faillog.8.xml.out:233
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:58 shadow.3.xml.out:215
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:36 chfn.1.xml.out:43 chfn.1.xml.out:49 chfn.1.xml.out:62
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:89 chfn.1.xml.out:159 chfn.1.xml.out:164 chsh.1.xml.out:171
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:345 groupdel.8.xml.out:205 groupmems.8.xml.out:209
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:326 login.defs.5.xml.out:239 useradd.8.xml.out:878
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:310 usermod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:605
+msgid "chfn"
+msgstr "chfn"
+
+# SB: Translation of chfn.1 based on Josef Spillner's
+# (josef@ggzgamingzone.org) from 2003. Mention somewhere else as well?
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:44
+msgid "change real user name and information"
+msgstr ""
+"ändert den vollständigen Namen eines Benutzers und sonstige Informationen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:65 passwd.5.xml.out:117
+msgid "finger"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:71 chfn.1.xml.out:110 groupadd.8.xml.out:106
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:145 groupadd.8.xml.out:323 groupmod.8.xml.out:93
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:405 useradd.8.xml.out:536
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:837 usermod.8.xml.out:271 usermod.8.xml.out:377
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-o"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chfn</command> command changes user fullname, office room "
+#| "number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a "
+#| "user's account. This information is typically printed by "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> and similar programs. A normal user may only "
+#| "change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>. (The default configuration is to "
+#| "prevent users from changing their fullname.) The superuser may change any "
+#| "field for any account. Additionally, only the superuser may use the "
+#| "<option>-o</option> option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS "
+#| "field."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes user fullname, office room number, office "
+"phone number, and home phone number information for a user's account. This "
+"information is typically printed by <_:citerefentry-2/> and similar "
+"programs. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, "
+"subject to the restrictions in <_:filename-3/>. (The default configuration "
+"is to prevent users from changing their fullname.) The superuser may change "
+"any field for any account. Additionally, only the superuser may use the <_:"
+"option-4/> option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Befehl <command>chfn</command> ändert den vollständigen Namen, die "
+"Bürozimmernummer sowie die berufliche und private Telefonnummer für ein "
+"Benutzerkonto. Diese Informationen werden typischerweise von "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry> und ähnlichen Programmen verwendet. Ein normaler Benutzer darf "
+"nur die Felder seines eigenen Kontos ändern und muss dabei zudem die "
+"Einschränkungen in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> beachten. So ist es "
+"Benutzern standardmäßig nicht möglich, ihren vollständigen Namen zu ändern. "
+"Root kann die Felder aller Konten verändern. Außerdem darf nur Root mittels "
+"der Option <option>-o</option> die undefinierten Teile des GECOS-Feldes "
+"ändern."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:77 chfn.1.xml.out:80
+msgid "other"
+msgstr "sonstiges"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "These fields must not contain any colons. Except for the <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">other</emphasis> field, they should not contain any comma or "
+#| "equal sign. It is also recommended to avoid non-US-ASCII characters, but "
+#| "this is only enforced for the phone numbers. The <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">other</emphasis> field is used to store accounting "
+#| "information used by other applications."
+msgid ""
+"These fields must not contain any colons. Except for the <_:emphasis-1/> "
+"field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign. It is also "
+"recommended to avoid non-US-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for "
+"the phone numbers. The <_:emphasis-2/> field is used to store accounting "
+"information used by other applications."
+msgstr ""
+"Diese Felder dürfen keinen Doppelpunkt enthalten. Mit Ausnahme des Feldes "
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">sonstiges</emphasis> sollten sie kein Komma oder "
+"Gleichheitszeichen enthalten. Außerdem wird abgeraten, andere Zeichen als US-"
+"ASCII zu verwenden, aber nur für die Telefonnummern ist dies zwingend. Das "
+"Feld <emphasis remap=\"I\">sonstiges</emphasis> wird von anderen Anwendungen "
+"verwendet, um dort Informationen über das Konto abzuspeichern."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94 expiry.1.xml.out:61 expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:88 groupdel.8.xml.out:72 login.1.xml.out:90
+#: login.1.xml.out:190 login.1.xml.out:229 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622 userdel.8.xml.out:76 userdel.8.xml.out:287
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:302 usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "-f"
+msgstr "-f"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "full_name"
+msgid "--full-name"
+msgstr "Voller_Name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+msgid "FULL_NAME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:97
+msgid "Change the user's full name."
+msgstr "verändert den vollständigen Namen des Benutzers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "home_ph"
+msgid "--home-phone"
+msgstr "Tel_Privat"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+msgid "HOME_PHONE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "Change the user's home phone number."
+msgstr "ändert die private Telefonnummer des Benutzers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "other"
+msgid "--other"
+msgstr "sonstiges"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "OTHER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:113
+msgid ""
+"Change the user's other GECOS information. This field is used to store "
+"accounting information used by other applications, and can be changed only "
+"by a superuser."
+msgstr ""
+"Verändert die sonstigen Informationen über den Benutzer in der GECOS-Zeile. "
+"In diesem Feld werden Kontoinformationen anderer Anwendungen gespeichert. Es "
+"kann nur vom Superuser verändert werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122 faillog.8.xml.out:89 faillog.8.xml.out:144
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:186 faillog.8.xml.out:203 gpasswd.1.xml.out:173
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:112 groupadd.8.xml.out:185 grpck.8.xml.out:124
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 login.1.xml.out:220 login.1.xml.out:229
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:287 passwd.1.xml.out:268 pwck.8.xml.out:155
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188 useradd.8.xml.out:224 useradd.8.xml.out:456
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:542 userdel.8.xml.out:106 usermod.8.xml.out:317
+msgid "-r"
+msgstr "-r"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "room_no"
+msgid "--room"
+msgstr "Zimmer_Nr"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+msgid "ROOM_NUMBER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:125
+msgid "Change the user's room number."
+msgstr "ändert die Zimmernummer des Benutzers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:143 faillog.8.xml.out:80 faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:214 lastlog.8.xml.out:90 lastlog.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 passwd.1.xml.out:309 useradd.8.xml.out:414
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:279 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-u"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151 passwd.1.xml.out:322 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-w"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "work_ph"
+msgid "--work-phone"
+msgstr "Tel_dienstlich"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+msgid "WORK_PHONE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:154
+msgid "Change the user's office phone number."
+msgstr "verändert die berufliche Telefonnummer des Benutzers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If none of the options are selected, <command>chfn</command> operates in "
+#| "an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for "
+#| "all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the "
+#| "line blank to use the current value. The current value is displayed "
+#| "between a pair of <emphasis remap=\"B\">[ ]</emphasis> marks. Without "
+#| "options, <command>chfn</command> prompts for the current user account."
+msgid ""
+"If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of "
+"the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank "
+"to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> marks. Without options, <_:command-3/> prompts for the "
+"current user account."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn keine Option ausgewählt wird, arbeitet <command>chfn</command> "
+"interaktiv. Dabei wird der Benutzer nach den aktuellen Werten für alle "
+"Felder befragt. Bei Eingabe eines neuen Wertes wird dieser verwendet, bei "
+"keiner Eingabe stattdessen der Originalwert beibehalten. Der aktuelle Wert "
+"wird zwischen einem Paar von <emphasis remap=\"B\">[ ]</emphasis> angezeigt. "
+"Ohne Optionen fragt <command>chfn</command> nach einem Benutzerkonto."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:189 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:207 chpasswd.8.xml.out:249
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:161 groupadd.8.xml.out:278 groupmod.8.xml.out:241
+#: login.1.xml.out:367 login.access.5.xml.out:102 newusers.8.xml.out:425
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:407 pwconv.8.xml.out:232 su.1.xml.out:359
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:799 userdel.8.xml.out:193
+msgid "Shadow password suite configuration."
+msgstr "Konfiguration der Shadow-Passwort-Werkzeugsammlung"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:205 chsh.1.xml.out:36 chsh.1.xml.out:43 chsh.1.xml.out:49
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:62 chsh.1.xml.out:73 chsh.1.xml.out:109
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:348 groupdel.8.xml.out:208 groupmems.8.xml.out:212
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:329 login.defs.5.xml.out:270 useradd.8.xml.out:881
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:313 usermod.8.xml.out:608
+msgid "chsh"
+msgstr "chsh"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:208 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:223 chpasswd.8.xml.out:272
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:174 groupadd.8.xml.out:194 groupadd.8.xml.out:363
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:344 login.1.xml.out:389 login.defs.5.xml.out:102
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:109 newusers.8.xml.out:298 newusers.8.xml.out:453
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:484 pwconv.8.xml.out:92 pwconv.8.xml.out:94
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:108 pwconv.8.xml.out:245 su.1.xml.out:418
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:899 userdel.8.xml.out:117 userdel.8.xml.out:319
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:629 vipw.8.xml.out:214
+msgid "login.defs"
+msgstr "login.defs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:203 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:215 chsh.1.xml.out:169
+#: limits.5.xml.out:183
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Creation, 2006"
+msgstr "ursprünglicher Autor, 2006"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:33 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:40 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:46
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:56 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:66 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:83
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:249
+msgid "chgpasswd"
+msgstr "chgpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:34 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:220 chpasswd.8.xml.out:38
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:268 chpasswd.8.xml.out:276 faillog.5.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:34 gpasswd.1.xml.out:280 gpasswd.1.xml.out:283
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:286 gpasswd.1.xml.out:289 groupadd.8.xml.out:37
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:354 groupadd.8.xml.out:357 groupadd.8.xml.out:360
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:366 groupadd.8.xml.out:369 groupadd.8.xml.out:372
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:35 groupdel.8.xml.out:186 groupdel.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:217 groupdel.8.xml.out:220 groupdel.8.xml.out:223
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:226 groupdel.8.xml.out:229 groupmems.8.xml.out:38
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:218 groupmems.8.xml.out:221 groupmems.8.xml.out:224
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:227 groupmems.8.xml.out:230 groupmod.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:335 groupmod.8.xml.out:338 groupmod.8.xml.out:341
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:347 groupmod.8.xml.out:350 groupmod.8.xml.out:353
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:34 grpck.8.xml.out:283 grpck.8.xml.out:294
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:159 gshadow.5.xml.out:162 lastlog.8.xml.out:36
+#: login.1.xml.out:174 login.1.xml.out:176 login.1.xml.out:249
+#: login.1.xml.out:251 login.1.xml.out:401 login.defs.5.xml.out:545
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:34 newusers.8.xml.out:50 newusers.8.xml.out:467
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:23 passwd.1.xml.out:474 passwd.1.xml.out:488
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:185 passwd.5.xml.out:188 passwd.5.xml.out:191
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:200 pwck.8.xml.out:41 pwck.8.xml.out:339 pwck.8.xml.out:348
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:40 pwconv.8.xml.out:242 pwconv.8.xml.out:248
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:251 pwconv.8.xml.out:254 shadow.5.xml.out:274
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:277 shadow.5.xml.out:280 shadow.5.xml.out:286
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:192 useradd.8.xml.out:53 useradd.8.xml.out:574
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:890 useradd.8.xml.out:893 useradd.8.xml.out:896
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:902 useradd.8.xml.out:913 useradd.8.xml.out:916
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:40 userdel.8.xml.out:259 userdel.8.xml.out:322
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:325 userdel.8.xml.out:328 userdel.8.xml.out:331
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:342 userdel.8.xml.out:345 usermod.8.xml.out:41
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:617 usermod.8.xml.out:620 usermod.8.xml.out:623
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:626 usermod.8.xml.out:640 usermod.8.xml.out:643
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:36
+msgid "8"
+msgstr "8"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:35 chpasswd.8.xml.out:39 faillog.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:38 groupdel.8.xml.out:36 groupmems.8.xml.out:39
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:36 grpck.8.xml.out:35 lastlog.8.xml.out:37
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:35 newusers.8.xml.out:51 nologin.8.xml.out:24
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:42 pwconv.8.xml.out:41 useradd.8.xml.out:54
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:41 usermod.8.xml.out:42 vipw.8.xml.out:37
+msgid "System Management Commands"
+msgstr "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "update group passwords in batch mode"
+msgstr "aktualisiert Gruppenpasswörter im Batch-Modus"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:55
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chgpasswd</command> command reads a list of group name and "
+#| "password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a "
+#| "set of existing groups. Each line is of the format:"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of group name and password pairs "
+"from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing "
+"groups. Each line is of the format:"
+msgstr ""
+"Der Befehl <command>chgpasswd</command> liest eine Liste von Gruppenname-"
+"Passwort-Paaren von der Standardeingabe. Damit werden Gruppendaten "
+"aktualisiert. Jede Zeile muss folgendes Format haben:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:61 groupmems.8.xml.out:54 groupmems.8.xml.out:110
+msgid "group_name"
+msgstr "Gruppen_Name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:62 chpasswd.8.xml.out:66 passwd.5.xml.out:77
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:86 passwd.5.xml.out:91 passwd.5.xml.out:95
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:98
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "password"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:60 chpasswd.8.xml.out:64
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:64
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted "
+#| "by <command>chgpasswd</command>."
+msgid ""
+"By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted by "
+"<_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Das Passwort wird standardmäßig im Klartext angegeben. Die "
+"Standardalgorithmus zur Verschlüsselung ist DES."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chpasswd.8.xml.out:75 chpasswd.8.xml.out:132
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD"
+msgstr "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:71 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101 chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:130 chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:180 useradd.8.xml.out:179 useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-e"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: arg/arg
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:72 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:114 chpasswd.8.xml.out:129
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:73 newusers.8.xml.out:268
+#: sg.1.xml.out:50 su.1.xml.out:86 su.1.xml.out:126 su.1.xml.out:131
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "-c"
+msgstr "-c"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:68
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the "
+#| "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> variable of <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>, and can be overwiten with the <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</"
+#| "option>, or <option>-c</option> options."
+msgid ""
+"The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:"
+"option-1/> variable of <_:filename-2/>, and can be overwritten with the <_:"
+"option-3/>, <_:option-4/>, or <_:option-5/> options."
+msgstr ""
+"Der standardmäßige Verschlüsselungsalgorithmus wird systemweit mit der "
+"Variable <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename> bestimmt. Dies kann mit den Optionen <option>-e</option>, <option>-"
+"m</option> oder <option>-c</option> überschrieben werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:74 chpasswd.8.xml.out:99
+msgid ""
+"This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many "
+"accounts are created at a single time."
+msgstr ""
+"Dieser Befehl ist für den Einsatz in großen Umgebungen vorgesehen, in der "
+"viele Konten gleichzeitig erstellt werden müssen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chpasswd.8.xml.out:114 newusers.8.xml.out:268
+msgid "--crypt-method"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:90 chpasswd.8.xml.out:117 newusers.8.xml.out:270
+msgid "Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr "Definiert die Methode, mit der die Passwörter verschlüsselt werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:91 chpasswd.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "The available methods are DES, MD5, and NONE."
+msgstr "Die verfügbaren Methoden sind DES, MD5 und NONE."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:94 chpasswd.8.xml.out:121 newusers.8.xml.out:271
+msgid ""
+"The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc "
+"support these methods."
+msgstr ""
+"Die verfügbaren Methoden sind DES, MD5, NONE und SHA256 oder SHA512, soweit "
+"Ihre libc sie unterstützt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101 chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "encrypted password"
+msgid "--encrypted"
+msgstr "verschlüsseltes Passwort"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:103 chpasswd.8.xml.out:141
+msgid "Supplied passwords are in encrypted form."
+msgstr "Passwörter werden verschlüsselt angegeben."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+msgid "--md5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:115 chpasswd.8.xml.out:157
+msgid ""
+"Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are not "
+"encrypted."
+msgstr ""
+"werwendet zur Verschlüsselung MD5 anstelle von DES, wenn die Passwörter "
+"unverschlüsselt angegeben werden"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135 chpasswd.8.xml.out:178 chsh.1.xml.out:97
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:108 grpck.8.xml.out:124 grpck.8.xml.out:161
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320 pwck.8.xml.out:155 pwck.8.xml.out:209
+#: su.1.xml.out:163 useradd.8.xml.out:517 useradd.8.xml.out:655
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357 vipw.8.xml.out:70 vipw.8.xml.out:127
+msgid "-s"
+msgstr "-s"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135 chpasswd.8.xml.out:178 newusers.8.xml.out:320
+msgid "--sha-rounds"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:137 chpasswd.8.xml.out:181 newusers.8.xml.out:322
+msgid "Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr ""
+"Verwendet die angegebene Anzahl von Runden, um die Passwörter zu "
+"verschlüsseln."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:140 chpasswd.8.xml.out:184 newusers.8.xml.out:325
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number of rounds "
+"for the crypt method (5000)."
+msgstr ""
+"Ein Wert von 0 bedeutet, dass das System die Standardanzahl der Runden "
+"(5000) für die Verschlüsselung verwenden wird."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:144 chpasswd.8.xml.out:188 newusers.8.xml.out:329
+msgid ""
+"A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced."
+msgstr "Der Mindestwert ist 1000, der Höchstwert 999.999.999."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:148 chpasswd.8.xml.out:192 newusers.8.xml.out:333
+msgid "You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt method."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie können diese Option nur mit den Verschlüsselungsmethoden SHA256 und "
+"SHA512 verwenden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:152 newusers.8.xml.out:337
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS "
+#| "and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and "
+"SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Standardmäßig wird die Anzahl der Runden mit den Variablen "
+"SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS und SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS  in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename> definiert."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:163 chpasswd.8.xml.out:208 faillog.8.xml.out:209
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:229 groupadd.8.xml.out:285 groupdel.8.xml.out:121
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:206 login.1.xml.out:236 newusers.8.xml.out:348
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:354 shadow.3.xml.out:194 su.1.xml.out:306
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:682 userdel.8.xml.out:281 usermod.8.xml.out:517
+msgid "CAVEATS"
+msgstr "WARNUNGEN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:164 chpasswd.8.xml.out:209
+msgid ""
+"Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of unencrypted "
+"files by other users."
+msgstr ""
+"Achten Sie darauf, dass die Rechte und Umask korrekt vergeben sind, um zu "
+"verhindern, dass andere Benutzer unverschlüsselte Dateien lesen können."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:168 newusers.8.xml.out:353
+msgid ""
+"You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect the "
+"system's password policy."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie sollten darauf achten, dass Passwörter und Verschlüsselungsmethode in "
+"Einklage mit der Passwortrichtlinie des Systems stehen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:193 gpasswd.1.xml.out:48 gpasswd.1.xml.out:51
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:73 gpasswd.1.xml.out:231 gpasswd.1.xml.out:259
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:170 groupadd.8.xml.out:264 groupdel.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:191 groupmod.8.xml.out:227 groups.1.xml.out:58
+#: groups.1.xml.out:70 groups.1.xml.out:80 grpck.8.xml.out:62
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:81 grpck.8.xml.out:94 grpck.8.xml.out:112
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:177 grpck.8.xml.out:185
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:211 gshadow.5.xml.out:91 gshadow.5.xml.out:124
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:135 newgrp.1.xml.out:80 newgrp.1.xml.out:112
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:411 pwck.8.xml.out:261 pwconv.8.xml.out:128
+#: sg.1.xml.out:101 suauth.5.xml.out:90 useradd.8.xml.out:755
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:185 usermod.8.xml.out:557 vipw.8.xml.out:69
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:175
+msgid "/etc/group"
+msgstr "/etc/group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:195 gpasswd.1.xml.out:261 groupadd.8.xml.out:266
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:150 groupmems.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:229
+#: groups.1.xml.out:82 grpck.8.xml.out:213 gshadow.5.xml.out:137
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:114 newusers.8.xml.out:413 pwck.8.xml.out:263
+#: sg.1.xml.out:103 useradd.8.xml.out:757 userdel.8.xml.out:187
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "Group account information."
+msgstr "Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:199 gpasswd.1.xml.out:52 gpasswd.1.xml.out:74
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:232 gpasswd.1.xml.out:265 groupadd.8.xml.out:170
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:270 groupdel.8.xml.out:154 groupmems.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:88 groupmems.8.xml.out:98 groupmems.8.xml.out:103
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:104 groupmems.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:135
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:197 groupmod.8.xml.out:233 grpck.8.xml.out:63
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:93 grpck.8.xml.out:114 grpck.8.xml.out:166
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:186 grpck.8.xml.out:217 gshadow.5.xml.out:36
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:141 newgrp.1.xml.out:78 newgrp.1.xml.out:118
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:417 pwconv.8.xml.out:129 sg.1.xml.out:107
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:761 usermod.8.xml.out:563 vipw.8.xml.out:72
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:181
+msgid "/etc/gshadow"
+msgstr "/etc/gshadow"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:201 gpasswd.1.xml.out:267 groupadd.8.xml.out:272
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:156 groupmod.8.xml.out:235 grpck.8.xml.out:219
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:143 newgrp.1.xml.out:120 newusers.8.xml.out:419
+#: sg.1.xml.out:109 useradd.8.xml.out:763 vipw.8.xml.out:183
+msgid "Secure group account information."
+msgstr "sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:217 gpasswd.1.xml.out:38 gpasswd.1.xml.out:45
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:59 gpasswd.1.xml.out:72 gpasswd.1.xml.out:85
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:119 groupadd.8.xml.out:354 groupdel.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:335 gshadow.5.xml.out:153 login.defs.5.xml.out:280
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:142 sg.1.xml.out:131 userdel.8.xml.out:322
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:617
+msgid "gpasswd"
+msgstr "gpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:220 gpasswd.1.xml.out:280 groupadd.8.xml.out:36
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:43 groupadd.8.xml.out:49 groupadd.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:82 groupadd.8.xml.out:292 groupadd.8.xml.out:300
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:217 groupmems.8.xml.out:218 groupmod.8.xml.out:338
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:290 useradd.8.xml.out:890 userdel.8.xml.out:325
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:620
+msgid "groupadd"
+msgstr "groupadd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:21 groupadd.8.xml.out:20 groupdel.8.xml.out:18
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:18 groups.1.xml.out:17 login.defs.5.xml.out:86
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:17 newgrp.1.xml.out:18 newusers.8.xml.out:33
+#: sg.1.xml.out:18 useradd.8.xml.out:36 userdel.8.xml.out:23
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "Creation, 1991"
+msgstr "ursprünglicher Autor, 1991"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:37 chpasswd.8.xml.out:44 chpasswd.8.xml.out:50
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:60 chpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chpasswd.8.xml.out:89
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:96 chpasswd.8.xml.out:108 chpasswd.8.xml.out:255
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:259 passwd.1.xml.out:474
+msgid "chpasswd"
+msgstr "chpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:45
+msgid "update passwords in batch mode"
+msgstr "aktualisiert Passwörter im Batch-Modus"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chpasswd</command> command reads a list of user name and "
+#| "password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a "
+#| "group of existing users. Each line is of the format:"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of user name and password pairs from "
+"standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing "
+"users. Each line is of the format:"
+msgstr ""
+"Der Befehl <command>chpasswd</command> liest eine Liste von Benutzername-"
+"Passwort-Paaren von der Standardeingabe. Damit werden Benutzerdaten "
+"aktualisiert. Jede Zeile muss folgendes Format haben:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:52 groupmems.8.xml.out:53
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "user_name"
+msgstr "Benutzer_Name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:68
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are "
+#| "encrypted by <command>chpasswd</command>. Also the password age will be "
+#| "updated, if present."
+msgid ""
+"By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are encrypted "
+"by <_:command-1/>. Also the password age will be updated, if present."
+msgstr ""
+"Das Passwort muss standardmäßig im Klartext angegeben werden und von "
+"<command>chpasswd</command> verschlüsselt. Soweit vorhanden, wird auch das "
+"Alter des Passworts aktualisiert."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:76 chpasswd.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgid "MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgstr "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:73
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the "
+#| "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> variable of <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>, and can be overwiten with the <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</"
+#| "option>, or <option>-c</option> options."
+msgid ""
+"The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:"
+"option-1/> or <_:option-2/> variables of <_:filename-3/>, and can be "
+"overwritten with the <_:option-4/>, <_:option-5/>, or <_:option-6/> options."
+msgstr ""
+"Der standardmäßige Verschlüsselungsalgorithmus wird systemweit mit der "
+"Variable <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename> bestimmt. Dies kann mit den Optionen <option>-e</option>, <option>-"
+"m</option> oder <option>-c</option> überschrieben werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:81
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not recommended) "
+#| "you can select a different encryption method with the <option>-e</"
+#| "option>, <option>-m</option>, or <option>-c</option> options."
+msgid ""
+"By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not recommended) "
+"you can select a different encryption method with the <_:option-1/>, <_:"
+"option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options."
+msgstr ""
+"Standardmäßig werden die Passwörter von PAM verschlüsselt. Sie können aber "
+"eine andere Verschlüsselungsmethode mit den Optionen <option>-e</option>, "
+"<option>-m</option> oder <option>-c</option> festlegen (dies wird jedoch "
+"nicht angeraten)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:88
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords."
+msgid "Except when PAM is used to encrypt the passwords,"
+msgstr "Standardmäßig verschlüsselt PAM die Passwörter."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<phrase condition=\"pam\">Except when PAM is used to encrypt the "
+#| "passwords,</phrase><command>chpasswd</command> first updates all the "
+#| "passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no "
+#| "errors occured for any user."
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> <_:command-2/> first updates all the passwords in memory, and "
+"then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user."
+msgstr ""
+"<phrase condition=\"pam\">PAM wird nicht zur Verschlüsselung der Passwörter "
+"verwendet:</phrase><command>chpasswd</command> aktualisiert zunächst alle "
+"Passwörter im Arbeitsspeicher und schreibt dann die Änderungen auf das "
+"Speichermedium, falls keine Fehler aufgetreten sind."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:93
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in "
+#| "the system database) then if a password cannot be updated "
+#| "<command>chpasswd</command> continues updating the passwords of the next "
+#| "users, and will return an error code on exit."
+msgid ""
+"When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in the "
+"system database) then if a password cannot be updated <_:command-1/> "
+"continues updating the passwords of the next users, and will return an error "
+"code on exit."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn PAM zur Verschlüsselung der Passwörter (und ihrer Aktualisierung in der "
+"Systemdatenbank) verwendet wird, wird <command>chpasswd</command> die "
+"Aktualisierung der Passwörter auch dann fortsetzen, wenn ein Passwort nicht "
+"geändert werden kann, und beim Beenden eine Fehlermeldung zurückgeben."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "METHOD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr "Standardmäßig verschlüsselt PAM die Passwörter."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default (if none of the <option>-c</option>, <option>-m</option>, or "
+#| "<option>-e</option> options are specified), the encryption method is "
+#| "defined by the <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> or <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</"
+#| "option> variables of <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"By default (if none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> "
+"options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the <_:option-4/"
+"> or <_:option-5/> variables of <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Standardmäßig (wenn keine der Optionen <option>-c</option>, <option>-m</"
+"option> oder <option>-e</option> angegeben wird) wird die "
+"Verschlüsselungsmethode durch die Variablen <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> "
+"oder <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+"bestimmt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+msgid "ROUNDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:198
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgstr "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS"
+msgstr "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:196
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, the number of rounds is defined by the "
+#| "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> and <option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</"
+#| "option> variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"By default, the number of rounds is defined by the <_:option-1/> and <_:"
+"option-2/> variables in <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Standardmäßig wird die Anzahl der Runden von den Variablen "
+"<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> und <option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</"
+"option> <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> bestimmt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:253
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/chpasswd"
+msgstr "/etc/pam.d/chpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:255 newusers.8.xml.out:431 passwd.1.xml.out:413
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "PAM configuration for <command>passwd</command>."
+msgid "PAM configuration for <_:command-1/>."
+msgstr "PAM-Konfiguration für <command>passwd</command>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:268 login.defs.5.xml.out:380 newusers.8.xml.out:49
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:56 newusers.8.xml.out:62 newusers.8.xml.out:75
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:96 newusers.8.xml.out:123 newusers.8.xml.out:132
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:151 newusers.8.xml.out:164 newusers.8.xml.out:170
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:172 newusers.8.xml.out:210 newusers.8.xml.out:230
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:252 newusers.8.xml.out:431 useradd.8.xml.out:902
+msgid "newusers"
+msgstr "newusers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:270 grpck.8.xml.out:285 passwd.1.xml.out:482
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:276 groupadd.8.xml.out:366 groupdel.8.xml.out:223
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:224 groupmod.8.xml.out:347 login.defs.5.xml.out:462
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:467 useradd.8.xml.out:52 useradd.8.xml.out:59
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:64 useradd.8.xml.out:71 useradd.8.xml.out:75
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:87 useradd.8.xml.out:90 useradd.8.xml.out:103
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:129 useradd.8.xml.out:187 useradd.8.xml.out:209
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:239 useradd.8.xml.out:284 useradd.8.xml.out:341
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:472 useradd.8.xml.out:584 useradd.8.xml.out:586
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:690 useradd.8.xml.out:808 userdel.8.xml.out:342
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:640
+msgid "useradd"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:263 newusers.8.xml.out:451
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# SB: Translation of chsh.1 based on Josef Spillner's
+# (josef@ggzgamingzone.org) from 2003. Mention somewhere else as well?
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:44
+msgid "change login shell"
+msgstr "ändert die Anmelde-Shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chsh</command> command changes the user login shell. This "
+#| "determines the name of the user's initial login command. A normal user "
+#| "may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may "
+#| "change the login shell for any account."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes the user login shell. This determines the "
+"name of the user's initial login command. A normal user may only change the "
+"login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell "
+"for any account."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Befehl <command>chsh</command> ändert die Anmelde-Shell eines Benutzers. "
+"Er legt den Befehl fest, der bei der Anmeldung ausgeführt wird. Ein normaler "
+"Benutzer kann nur die Anmelde-Shell seines eigenen  Kontos ändern, während "
+"Root dies für alle Konten darf."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:163 su.1.xml.out:199 useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:655 usermod.8.xml.out:357
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "pw_shell"
+msgid "--shell"
+msgstr "pw_shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:163 useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:522 useradd.8.xml.out:655 useradd.8.xml.out:662
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357
+msgid "SHELL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:100
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The path of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank "
+#| "causes the system to select the default login shell."
+msgid ""
+"The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank causes "
+"the system to select the default login shell."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Pfad der neuen Anmelde-Shell des Benutzers. Falls dieses Feld leer "
+"gelassen wird, verwendet das System die Standard-Anmelde-Shell."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:107
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <option>-s</option> option is not selected, <command>chsh</"
+#| "command> operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the "
+#| "current login shell. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave "
+#| "the line blank to use the current one. The current shell is displayed "
+#| "between a pair of <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> marks."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:option-1/> option is not selected, <_:command-2/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell. Enter "
+"the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the "
+"current one. The current shell is displayed between a pair of <_:emphasis-3/"
+"> marks."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn die Option <option>-s</option> nicht ausgewählt ist, wird "
+"<command>chsh</command> im interaktiven Modus betrieben. Dabei wird der "
+"Benutzer mit der aktuellen Anmelde-Shell zur Eingabe einer neuen "
+"aufgefordert. Durch Eingabe eines Wertes wird die Shell geändert, während "
+"sie bei einer leeren Zeile beibehalten wird. Die aktuelle Shell wird "
+"zwischen einem Paar von <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> angezeigt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:120 chsh.1.xml.out:124 chsh.1.xml.out:153 su.1.xml.out:198
+msgid "/etc/shells"
+msgstr "/etc/shells"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "/bin/rsh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:118
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name "
+#| "must be listed in <filename>/etc/shells</filename>, unless the invoker is "
+#| "the superuser, and then any value may be added. An account with a "
+#| "restricted login shell may not change her login shell. For this reason, "
+#| "placing <filename>/bin/rsh</filename> in <filename>/etc/shells</filename> "
+#| "is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would "
+#| "prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original "
+#| "value."
+msgid ""
+"The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must "
+"be listed in <_:filename-1/>, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then "
+"any value may be added. An account with a restricted login shell may not "
+"change her login shell. For this reason, placing <_:filename-2/> in <_:"
+"filename-3/> is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted "
+"shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its "
+"original value."
+msgstr ""
+"Die einzige Beschränkung für die Anmelde-Shell ist, dass der Name des "
+"Befehls in der Datei <filename>/etc/shells</filename> enthalten sein muss. "
+"Root darf allerdings jeden beliebigen Befehl vergeben. Bei Konten, denen "
+"eine beschränkte Anmelde-Shell zugewiesen ist, ist es nicht möglich, die "
+"Anmelde-Shell zu ändern. Daher ist es nicht ratsam, <filename>/bin/rsh</"
+"filename> in <filename>/etc/shells</filename> einzutragen, da ein Benutzer "
+"nicht zu seiner ursprünglichen Anmelde-Shell zurückwechseln kann, falls er "
+"versehentlich eine beschränkte Shell als Anmelde-Shell auswählt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:155
+msgid "List of valid login shells."
+msgstr "Liste der möglichen Anmelde-Shells"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:37 expiry.1.xml.out:44 expiry.1.xml.out:50
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:69
+msgid "expiry"
+msgstr "expiry"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:45
+msgid "check and enforce password expiration policy"
+msgstr "überprüft die Regeln für den Verfall des Passworts und setzt diese um"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:52 gpasswd.1.xml.out:61
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "Option"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>expiry</command> command checks (<option>-c</option>) the "
+#| "current password expiration and forces (<option>-f</option>) changes when "
+#| "required. It is callable as a normal user command."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command checks (<_:option-2/>) the current password "
+"expiration and forces (<_:option-3/>) changes when required. It is callable "
+"as a normal user command."
+msgstr ""
+"Mit der Option <option>-c</option> überprüft der Befehl <command>expiry</"
+"command> den aktuellen Status des Verfalls des Passworts. Mit der Option "
+"<option>-f</option> werden die notwendigen Veränderungen umgesetzt. Er kann "
+"von normalen Benutzern aufgerufen werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:73
+msgid "--check"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:75
+msgid "Check the password expiration of the current user."
+msgstr "überprüft den Verfall des Passworts des aktuellen Benutzers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:79 groupadd.8.xml.out:88 groupdel.8.xml.out:72
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "--force"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:81
+msgid "Force a password change if the current user has an expired password."
+msgstr ""
+"erzwingt den Wechsel des Passworts des aktuellen Benutzers, falls dieses "
+"abgelaufen ist"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:17 faillog.8.xml.out:17 login.1.xml.out:50
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:24 passwd.5.xml.out:17 porttime.5.xml.out:17
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:17 shadow.5.xml.out:17 su.1.xml.out:34
+msgid "Creation, 1989"
+msgstr "ursprünglicher Autor, 1989"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:33 faillog.5.xml.out:40 faillog.5.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:33 faillog.8.xml.out:40 faillog.8.xml.out:46
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:56 faillog.8.xml.out:59 faillog.8.xml.out:67
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:76 faillog.8.xml.out:203 faillog.8.xml.out:211
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:238
+msgid "faillog"
+msgstr "faillog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:35 gshadow.5.xml.out:24 limits.5.xml.out:37
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:36 login.defs.5.xml.out:104 passwd.5.xml.out:35
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:35 shadow.5.xml.out:35 suauth.5.xml.out:35
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "File Formats and Conversions"
+msgid "File Formats and Configuration Files"
+msgstr "Dateiformate und konvertierung"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "login failure logging file"
+msgstr "Datei mit fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:47 faillog.5.xml.out:75 faillog.8.xml.out:57
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:113 faillog.8.xml.out:138 faillog.8.xml.out:150
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "/var/log/faillog"
+msgstr "/var/log/faillog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> maintains a count of login failures "
+#| "and the limits for each account."
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"In <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> wird der Zählerstand von "
+"fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen und die Beschränkungen für jedes Konto "
+"niedergelegt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:50
+msgid ""
+"The file contains fixed length records, indexed by numerical UID. Each "
+"record contains the count of login failures since the last successful login; "
+"the maximum number of failures before the account is disabled; the line on "
+"which the last login failure occurred; the date of the last login failure; "
+"and the duration (in seconds) during which the account will be locked after "
+"a failure."
+msgstr ""
+"Einträge in dieser Datei haben eine festgelegte Länge und sind der "
+"zahlenmäßigen UID nach angeordnet. Jeder Eintrag besteht aus der Anzahl der "
+"fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen seit der letzten erfolgreichen Anmeldung, der "
+"maximalen Anzahl von Fehlschlägen, ehe das Konto abgeschaltet wird, dem "
+"Gerät, auf dem die letzte fehlgeschlagene Anmeldung erfolgte, das Datum der "
+"letzten fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldung und die Dauer in Sekunden, für die das "
+"Konto nach einem Fehlschlag gesperrt ist."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "The structure of the file is:"
+msgstr "Die Datei ist so aufgebaut:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "struct\tfaillog {\n"
+#| "\tshort   fail_cnt;\n"
+#| "\tshort   fail_max;\n"
+#| "\tchar    fail_line[12];\n"
+#| "\ttime_t  fail_time;\n"
+#| "\tlong    fail_locktime;\n"
+#| "};"
+msgid ""
+"struct faillog { short fail_cnt; short fail_max; char fail_line[12]; time_t "
+"fail_time; long fail_locktime; };"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"struct\tfaillog {\n"
+"\tshort   fail_cnt;\n"
+"\tshort   fail_max;\n"
+"\tchar    fail_line[12];\n"
+"\ttime_t  fail_time;\n"
+"\tlong    fail_locktime;\n"
+"};"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:77 faillog.8.xml.out:225
+msgid "Failure logging file."
+msgstr "Datei mit fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "display faillog records or set login failure limits"
+msgstr ""
+"zeigt Aufzeichnungen der fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen an oder richtet "
+"Beschränkungen für fehlgeschlagene Anmeldungen ein"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:55
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>faillog</command> displays the contents of the failure log "
+#| "database (<filename>/var/log/faillog</filename>). It can also set the "
+#| "failure counters and limits. When <command>faillog</command> is run "
+#| "without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who "
+#| "had a login failure."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> displays the contents of the failure log database (<_:"
+"filename-2/>). It can also set the failure counters and limits. When <_:"
+"command-3/> is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records "
+"of the users who had a login failure."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>faillog</command> zeigt den Inhalt der Datenbank der "
+"fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen (<filename>/var/log/faillog</filename>) an. Es "
+"kann auch die Zählung und Beschränkung der Fehlversuche verwalten. Wenn "
+"<command>faillog</command> ohne Optionen ausgeführt wird, wird nur die Liste "
+"der fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen aller Benutzer angezeigt, deren Anmeldung "
+"jemals gescheitert ist."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:215 gpasswd.1.xml.out:124
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmod.8.xml.out:73 passwd.1.xml.out:157
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:78 usermod.8.xml.out:210
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-a"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72 passwd.1.xml.out:157
+msgid "--all"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the "
+#| "<filename>faillog</filename> database."
+msgid ""
+"Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the <_:"
+"filename-1/> database."
+msgstr ""
+"zeigt (oder bearbeitet) die faillog-Einträge aller Benutzer, die einen "
+"Eintrag in der Datenbank <filename>faillog</filename> haben"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:78
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The range of users can be restricted with the <option>-u</option> option."
+msgid "The range of users can be restricted with the <_:option-1/> option."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Spanne der Benutzer kann mit der Option <option>-u</option> eingegrenzt "
+"werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:82
+msgid ""
+"In display mode, this is still restricted to existing users but forces the "
+"display of the faillog entries even if they are empty."
+msgstr ""
+"Im Anzeigemodus ist dies auf vorhandene Benutzer beschränkt, erzwingt aber "
+"die Anzeige der Faillog-Einträge, auch wenn diese leer sind."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:89 faillog.8.xml.out:169 lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-t"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "With the <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option>, <option>-r</option>, "
+#| "<option>-t</option> options, the users' records are changed, even if the "
+#| "user does not exist on the system. This is useful to reset records of "
+#| "users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of "
+#| "users."
+msgid ""
+"With the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:option-4/> options, "
+"the users' records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the "
+"system. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or "
+"to set a policy in advance for a range of users."
+msgstr ""
+"Mit den Optionen <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option>, <option>-r</"
+"option> und <option>-t</option> werden die Benutzereinträge selbst dann "
+"geändert, wenn der Benutzer auf dem System nicht vorhanden ist. Dies kann "
+"sinnvoll sein, wenn die Einträge von gelöschten Benutzer zurückgesetzt "
+"werden sollen oder vorsorglich eine Richtlinie für eine Anzahl von Benutzern "
+"eingerichtet werden soll."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105
+msgid "--lock-secs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105 faillog.8.xml.out:109
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "USE_TCB"
+msgid "SEC"
+msgstr "USE_TCB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:108
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Lock account for <replaceable>SEC</replaceable> seconds after failed "
+#| "login."
+msgid "Lock account for <_:replaceable-1/> seconds after failed login."
+msgstr ""
+"sperrt nach einer fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldung das Konto für <replaceable>SEK</"
+"replaceable> Sekunden"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:112 faillog.8.xml.out:137 faillog.8.xml.out:149
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Write access to <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> is required for "
+#| "this option."
+msgid "Write access to <_:filename-1/> is required for this option."
+msgstr ""
+"Für diese Option muss ein Schreibzugriff auf <filename>/var/log/faillog</"
+"filename> bestehen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "--maximum"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120 faillog.8.xml.out:125 faillog.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:123
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"setzt den Zähler der fehlgeschlagene Anmeldungen, nach denen das Konto "
+"abgeschaltet wird, auf <replaceable>MAX</replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:127
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Selecting a <replaceable>MAX</replaceable> value of 0 has the effect of "
+#| "not placing a limit on the number of failed logins."
+msgid ""
+"Selecting a <_:replaceable-1/> value of 0 has the effect of not placing a "
+"limit on the number of failed logins."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn <replaceable>MAX</replaceable> den Wert 0 hat, besteht keine "
+"Beschränkung für die Anzahl fehlgeschlagener Anmeldeversuche."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:160 porttime.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:132
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The maximum failure count should always be 0 for <emphasis>root</"
+#| "emphasis> to prevent a denial of services attack against the system."
+msgid ""
+"The maximum failure count should always be 0 for <_:emphasis-1/> to prevent "
+"a denial of services attack against the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Für <emphasis>root</emphasis> sollte der Wert der maximalen Anmeldeversuche "
+"immer 0 betragen, um eine durch einen Angriff ausgelöste Dienstverweigerung "
+"(denial of service) zu verhindern."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144
+msgid "--reset"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "Reset the counters of login failures."
+msgstr "setzt die Zählerstände der fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldeversuche zurück"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+msgid "--time"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 faillog.8.xml.out:174 lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:79 lastlog.8.xml.out:128 lastlog.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:172
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Display faillog records more recent than <replaceable>DAYS</replaceable>."
+msgid "Display faillog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"zeigt die Einträge der fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen an, die aktueller als "
+"<replaceable>TAGE</replaceable> sind"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180 lastlog.8.xml.out:90 lastlog.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "--user"
+msgstr "Benutzer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180 faillog.8.xml.out:190 faillog.8.xml.out:191
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 lastlog.8.xml.out:147 lastlog.8.xml.out:148
+msgid "RANGE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:179 lastlog.8.xml.out:138
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#| "replaceable>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>|<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:183
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used "
+#| "with <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option> or <option>-r</option> "
+#| "options) only for the specified user(s)."
+msgid ""
+"Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used "
+"with <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/> options) only for the "
+"specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+"zeigt die Aufzeichnungen der fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen nur der "
+"angegebenen Benutzer an oder bearbeitet (wenn mit den Optionen <option>-l</"
+"option>, <option>-m</option> oder <option>-r</option> verwendet) nur deren "
+"Zählerstände und Beschränkungen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:193 lastlog.8.xml.out:149
+msgid "UID_MIN-UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:194 lastlog.8.xml.out:150
+msgid "-UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:195 lastlog.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "UID_MIN-"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:188 lastlog.8.xml.out:145
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a "
+#| "<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable> of users. This <replaceable>RANGE</"
+#| "replaceable> of users can be specified with a min and max values "
+#| "(<replaceable>UID_MIN-UID_MAX</replaceable>), a max value (<replaceable>-"
+#| "UID_MAX</replaceable>), or a min value (<replaceable>UID_MIN-</"
+#| "replaceable>)."
+msgid ""
+"The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a <_:"
+"replaceable-1/> of users. This <_:replaceable-2/> of users can be specified "
+"with a min and max values (<_:replaceable-3/>), a max value (<_:"
+"replaceable-4/>), or a min value (<_:replaceable-5/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Bestimmung der Benutzer erfolgt durch ihren Anmeldenamen, ihrer "
+"zahlenmäßigen Benutzer-ID oder einer <replaceable>MENGE</replaceable> von "
+"Benutzern. Diese <replaceable>MENGE</replaceable> kann mit Minimum- und "
+"Maximumwerten (<replaceable>UID_MIN-UID_MAX</replaceable>), nur mit einem "
+"Maximumwert (<replaceable>UID_MIN-UID_MAX</replaceable>) oder nur einem "
+"Minimumwert (<replaceable>UID_MIN-</replaceable>) bestimmt werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:201
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When none of the <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option>, or <option>-r</"
+#| "option> options are used, <command>faillog</command> displays the faillog "
+#| "record of the specified user(s)."
+msgid ""
+"When none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options are "
+"used, <_:command-4/> displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn keine der Optionen <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option> oder "
+"<option>-r</option> verwendet wird, zeigt <command>faillog</command> die "
+"Aufzeichnung der fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldeversuche der angegebenen Benutzer "
+"an."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:210
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>faillog</command> only prints out users with no successful login "
+#| "since the last failure. To print out a user who has had a successful "
+#| "login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with "
+#| "the <option>-u</option> flag, or print out all users with the <option>-a</"
+#| "option> flag."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> only prints out users with no successful login since the last "
+"failure. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last "
+"failure, you must explicitly request the user with the <_:option-2/> flag, "
+"or print out all users with the <_:option-3/> flag."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>faillog</command> zeigt nur die Benutzer an, die sich seit der "
+"letzten fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldung nicht erfolgreich anmelden konnten. Um "
+"die übrigen Benutzer anzuzeigen, müssen Sie diese explizit mit der Option "
+"<option>-u</option> benennen oder sich alle Benutzer mit der Option <option>-"
+"a</option> anzeigen lassen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:235 limits.5.xml.out:125 limits.5.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:66 login.1.xml.out:73 login.1.xml.out:79 login.1.xml.out:87
+#: login.1.xml.out:94 login.1.xml.out:103 login.1.xml.out:106
+#: login.1.xml.out:108 login.1.xml.out:112 login.1.xml.out:119
+#: login.1.xml.out:171 login.1.xml.out:177 login.1.xml.out:230
+#: login.1.xml.out:238 login.1.xml.out:247 login.1.xml.out:253
+#: login.1.xml.out:259 login.access.5.xml.out:112 login.defs.5.xml.out:343
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:518 login.defs.5.xml.out:530 newgrp.1.xml.out:133
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:60 passwd.5.xml.out:125 passwd.5.xml.out:132
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:179 porttime.5.xml.out:121 shadow.5.xml.out:265
+#: sg.1.xml.out:122 su.1.xml.out:415
+msgid "login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:20
+msgid "Rafal"
+msgstr "Rafal"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:21
+msgid "Maszkowski"
+msgstr "Maszkowski"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:22 login.access.5.xml.out:18 pwconv.8.xml.out:23
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Creation, 1996"
+msgstr "ursprünglicher Autor, 1996"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:47
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administer <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "administer <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr "verwaltet <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:50
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administer <placeholder-1/> and <placeholder-2/>"
+msgid "administer <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>"
+msgstr "verwaltet <placeholder-1/> und <placeholder-2/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:64 gpasswd.1.xml.out:89 gpasswd.1.xml.out:129
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:142 gpasswd.1.xml.out:177 gpasswd.1.xml.out:181
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:193 gpasswd.1.xml.out:197 gpasswd.1.xml.out:292
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:49 grpck.8.xml.out:188 grpck.8.xml.out:280
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:156 limits.5.xml.out:138 newgrp.1.xml.out:48
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:145 pwck.8.xml.out:336 pwconv.8.xml.out:114
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:120 sg.1.xml.out:134 vipw.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "group"
+msgstr "Gruppe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:73
+msgid ", and <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# SB: Gruppenverwalter ist besser als Administrator, weil so keine Verwechslung mit Systemadminstrator.
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:76
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "administrators,"
+msgstr "Gruppenverwalter"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:71
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to administer <_:filename-2/><_:phrase-3/"
+">. Every group can have <_:phrase-4/> members and a password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:80 gpasswd.1.xml.out:112 gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-A"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:79
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "System administrators can use the <option>-A</option> option to define "
+#| "group administrator(s) and the <option>-M</option> option to define "
+#| "members. They have all rights of group administrators and members."
+msgid ""
+"System administrators can use the <_:option-1/> option to define group "
+"administrator(s) and the <_:option-2/> option to define members. They have "
+"all rights of group administrators and members."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Systemadministrator kann mit der Option <option>-A</option> "
+"Gruppenverwalter bestimmen. Mit der Option <option>-M</option> legt er die "
+"Mitglieder fest. Er besitzt alle Rechte, die Gruppenverwalter und Mitglieder "
+"haben können."
+
+# SB: Gruppenverwalter ist besser als Administrator, weil so keine Verwechslung mit Systemadminstrator.
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:86
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "a group administrator"
+msgstr "Gruppenverwalter"
+
+# SB: Gruppenverwalter ist besser als Administrator, weil so keine Verwechslung mit Systemadminstrator.
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "a system administrator"
+msgstr "Gruppenverwalter"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:84
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> called by <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> with a group name only "
+"prompts for the new password of the <_:replaceable-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:93 gpasswd.1.xml.out:180 gpasswd.1.xml.out:196
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:277 groups.1.xml.out:71 groups.1.xml.out:92
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:76 gshadow.5.xml.out:165 newgrp.1.xml.out:34
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:41 newgrp.1.xml.out:47 newgrp.1.xml.out:55
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:63 newgrp.1.xml.out:66 sg.1.xml.out:60 sg.1.xml.out:64
+#: sg.1.xml.out:65 sg.1.xml.out:66 sg.1.xml.out:125
+msgid "newgrp"
+msgstr "newgrp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:91
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If a password is set the members can still use "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> without a password, and non-members must supply "
+#| "the password."
+msgid ""
+"If a password is set the members can still use <_:citerefentry-1/> without a "
+"password, and non-members must supply the password."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn ein Passwort vergeben wurde, können Mitglieder der Gruppe dennoch ohne "
+"Passwort <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+"manvolnum></citerefentry> ausführen. Alle anderen Benutzer benötigen dazu "
+"das Passwort."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:99
+msgid "Notes about group passwords"
+msgstr "Hinweise zu Gruppenpasswörtern"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"Group passwords are an inherent security problem since more than one person "
+"is permitted to know the password. However, groups are a useful tool for "
+"permitting co-operation between different users."
+msgstr ""
+"Gruppenpasswörter beinhalten ein Sicherheitsrisiko, da mehrere Personen das "
+"Passwort kennen. Dennoch können sie sinnvoll sein, um die Zusammenarbeit "
+"zwischen Benutzern zu erleichtern."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:111
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Except for the <option>-A</option> and <option>-M</option> options, the "
+#| "options cannot be combined."
+msgid ""
+"Except for the <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options, the options cannot "
+"be combined."
+msgstr ""
+"Außer die Optionen <option>-A</option> und <option>-M</option> können die "
+"übrigen Optionen nicht zusammen verwendet werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:115
+msgid "The options cannot be combined."
+msgstr "Die Optionen können nicht zusammen verwendet werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124 groupmems.8.xml.out:83
+msgid "--add"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124 gpasswd.1.xml.out:128 gpasswd.1.xml.out:137
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:141 gpasswd.1.xml.out:205 gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+#: groups.1.xml.out:48 groups.1.xml.out:59
+msgid "user"
+msgstr "Benutzer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:127
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the <replaceable>user</replaceable> to the named <replaceable>group</"
+#| "replaceable>."
+msgid "Add the <_:replaceable-1/> to the named <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Fügt den <replaceable>Benutzer</replaceable> der bezeichneten "
+"<replaceable>Gruppe</replaceable> zu."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:137 groupmems.8.xml.out:94 passwd.1.xml.out:168
+msgid "--delete"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:140
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Remove the <replaceable>user</replaceable> from the named "
+#| "<replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+msgid "Remove the <_:replaceable-1/> from the named <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"entfernt den <replaceable>Benutzer</replaceable> aus der bezeichneten "
+"<replaceable>Gruppe</replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-Q"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:173
+msgid "--remove-password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:176
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Remove the password from the named <replaceable>group</replaceable>. The "
+#| "group password will be empty. Only group members will be allowed to use "
+#| "<command>newgrp</command> to join the named <replaceable>group</"
+#| "replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Remove the password from the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password "
+"will be empty. Only group members will be allowed to use <_:command-2/> to "
+"join the named <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Entfernt das Passwort der bezeichneten <replaceable>Gruppe</replaceable>. "
+"Das Gruppenpasswort wird leer sein. Damit können nur noch Gruppenmitglieder "
+"mit <command>newgrp</command> zu der bezeichneten <replaceable>Gruppe</"
+"replaceable> wechseln."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:189
+msgid "--restrict"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:192
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Restrict the access to the named <replaceable>group</replaceable>. The "
+#| "group password is set to \"!\". Only group members with a password will "
+#| "be allowed to use <command>newgrp</command> to join the named "
+#| "<replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Restrict the access to the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password is "
+"set to \"!\". Only group members with a password will be allowed to use <_:"
+"command-2/> to join the named <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Schränkt den Zugang zur bezeichneten <replaceable>Gruppe</replaceable> ein. "
+"Das Gruppenpasswort wird auf »!« gesetzt. Damit können nur noch "
+"Gruppenmitglieder mit einem Passwort mit <command>newgrp</command> zu der "
+"bezeichneten <replaceable>Gruppe</replaceable> wechseln."
+
+# SB: Gruppenverwalter ist besser als Administrator, weil so keine Verwechslung mit Systemadminstrator.
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "--administrators"
+msgstr "Gruppenverwalter"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:204 gpasswd.1.xml.out:216
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>,..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:208
+msgid "Set the list of administrative users."
+msgstr "Liste der Gruppenverwalter bestimmen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "members"
+msgid "--members"
+msgstr "Mitglieder"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:220
+msgid "Set the list of group members."
+msgstr "Liste der Mitglieder der Gruppe bestimmen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:232
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:234
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "file"
+msgid "file."
+msgstr "Datei"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:230
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This tool only operates on the <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase "
+#| "condition=\"gshadow\"> and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files.</"
+#| "phrase><phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">file.</phrase> Thus you cannot "
+#| "change any NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the corresponding "
+#| "server."
+msgid ""
+"This tool only operates on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> "
+"Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+"Dieses Werkzeug bearbeitet nur <phrase condition=\"gshadow\">die Dateien "
+"<filename>/etc/group</filename> und <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> </"
+"phrase><phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">die Datei <filename>/etc/group</"
+"filename></phrase>. Sie können daher keine NIS- oder LDAP-Gruppen "
+"bearbeiten. Dies muss auf dem entsprechenden Server durchgeführt werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:283 groupadd.8.xml.out:357 groupdel.8.xml.out:34
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:41 groupdel.8.xml.out:47 groupdel.8.xml.out:57
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:66 groupdel.8.xml.out:165 groupmems.8.xml.out:221
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:341 login.defs.5.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:893
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:328 usermod.8.xml.out:623
+msgid "groupdel"
+msgstr "groupdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:286 groupadd.8.xml.out:360 groupdel.8.xml.out:220
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:34 groupmod.8.xml.out:41 groupmod.8.xml.out:47
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:58 groupmod.8.xml.out:67 groupmod.8.xml.out:256
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:107 grpck.8.xml.out:283 login.defs.5.xml.out:311
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:896 userdel.8.xml.out:331 usermod.8.xml.out:626
+msgid "groupmod"
+msgstr "groupmod"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:289 grpck.8.xml.out:33 grpck.8.xml.out:40
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:46 grpck.8.xml.out:60 grpck.8.xml.out:116
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:128 grpck.8.xml.out:141 grpck.8.xml.out:184
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:234 gshadow.5.xml.out:159 login.defs.5.xml.out:318
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:339 pwconv.8.xml.out:198 pwconv.8.xml.out:242
+msgid "grpck"
+msgstr "grpck"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:295 grpck.8.xml.out:95 grpck.8.xml.out:287
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:22 gshadow.5.xml.out:29 newgrp.1.xml.out:148
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:114 pwconv.8.xml.out:115 pwconv.8.xml.out:121
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:122 sg.1.xml.out:137 vipw.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "gshadow"
+msgstr "gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:293 newgrp.1.xml.out:146 sg.1.xml.out:135
+msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:275 newgrp.1.xml.out:128 sg.1.xml.out:117
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/><_:phrase-7/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:44
+msgid "create a new group"
+msgstr "erstellt eine neue Gruppe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:54 groupadd.8.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "NEWGROUP"
+msgstr "GRUPPE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupadd</command> command creates a new group account using "
+#| "the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the "
+#| "system. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates a new group account using the values "
+"specified on the command line plus the default values from the system. The "
+"new group will be entered into the system files as needed."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Befehl <command>groupadd</command> erstellt ein neues Gruppenkonto. "
+"Dabei verwendet er die Werte, die auf der Befehlszeile angegeben wurden, "
+"oder die Standardwerte des Systems. Soweit es notwendig ist, wird die neue "
+"Gruppe den Systemdateien hinzugefügt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:66
+msgid ""
+"Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, "
+"underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not "
+"allowed at the beginning of the groupname. Fully numeric groupnames and "
+"groupnames . or .. are also disallowed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgid "Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgstr "Benutzernamen dürfen nur bis zu 32 Zeichen lang sein."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:94 groupadd.8.xml.out:95 groupadd.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:236 groupmems.8.xml.out:110 groupmod.8.xml.out:82
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:136 groupmod.8.xml.out:201 useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230 useradd.8.xml.out:264 useradd.8.xml.out:391
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:396 useradd.8.xml.out:557 useradd.8.xml.out:639
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:174 vipw.8.xml.out:90
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-g"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:91
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the "
+#| "specified group already exists. When used with <option>-g</option>, and "
+#| "the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. "
+#| "<option>-g</option> is turned off)."
+msgid ""
+"This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the "
+"specified group already exists. When used with <_:option-1/>, and the "
+"specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. <_:"
+"option-2/> is turned off)."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option führt dazu, dass der Befehl nur dann erfolgreich beendet wird, "
+"wenn die angegebene Gruppe existiert. Falls diese Option zusammen mit der "
+"Option <option>-g</option> verwendet wird und die angegebene GID schon "
+"vergeben ist, wird eine andere, eindeutige GID gewählt (d.h. <option>-g</"
+"option> wird nicht beachtet)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:82 useradd.8.xml.out:230
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639 usermod.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "--gid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102 groupadd.8.xml.out:105 groupadd.8.xml.out:151
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73 groupmod.8.xml.out:82 groupmod.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:91 groupmod.8.xml.out:137 newusers.8.xml.out:300
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:469
+msgid "GID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:108 groupadd.8.xml.out:134 groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:195 groupmod.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:105
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The numerical value of the group's ID. This value must be unique, unless "
+#| "the <option>-o</option> option is used. The value must be non-negative. "
+#| "The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to "
+#| "<option>GID_MIN</option> and greater than every other group."
+msgid ""
+"The numerical value of the group's ID. <_:replaceable-1/> must be unique, "
+"unless the <_:option-2/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The "
+"default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-3/"
+"> and greater than every other group."
+msgstr ""
+"Der zahlenmäßige Wert der Gruppen-ID. Dieser Wert muss eindeutig sein, "
+"sofern nicht die Option <option>-o</option> verwendet wird. Der Wert darf "
+"nicht negativ sein. Standardmäßig wird der kleinste Wert größer als oder "
+"gleich <option>GID_MIN</option> und größer als jeder andere Wert einer "
+"Gruppe verwendet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:113 groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:195 groupmod.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:111 useradd.8.xml.out:541
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "See also the <option>-r</option> option and the <option>UID_MAX</option> "
+#| "description."
+msgid "See also the <_:option-1/> option and the <_:option-2/> description."
+msgstr ""
+"Vergleichen Sie auch die Option <option>-r</option> und die Ausführungen zu "
+"<option>UID_MAX</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 groupadd.8.xml.out:131 groupadd.8.xml.out:134
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:314 useradd.8.xml.out:317 useradd.8.xml.out:319
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-K"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "--key"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "KEY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "EXIT VALUES"
+msgid "VALUE"
+msgstr "RÜCKGABEWERTE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:124 useradd.8.xml.out:302
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#| "replaceable>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>=<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX "
+#| "and others). Multiple <option>-K</option> options can be specified."
+msgid ""
+"Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others). Multiple "
+"<_:option-2/> options can be specified."
+msgstr ""
+"Überschreibt die Standardwerte von <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+"(GID_MIN, GID_MAX und weitere). Diese Option kann mehrfach verwendet werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:134 useradd.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "10"
+msgid "100"
+msgstr "10"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:321
+msgid "499"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Remove the <replaceable>user</replaceable> from the named "
+#| "<replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> <_:option-4/> "
+"<_:replaceable-5/>=<_:replaceable-6/>"
+msgstr ""
+"entfernt den <replaceable>Benutzer</replaceable> aus der bezeichneten "
+"<replaceable>Gruppe</replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:138 groupadd.8.xml.out:333 groupdel.8.xml.out:192
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:295 useradd.8.xml.out:853 userdel.8.xml.out:265
+msgid "10"
+msgstr "10"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:137
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#| "replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>GID_MAX</"
+#| "replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable> doesn't work yet."
+msgid ""
+"Note: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/>,<_:replaceable-4/"
+">=<_:replaceable-5/> doesn't work yet."
+msgstr ""
+"Hinweis: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+"replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>GID_MAX</"
+"replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable> funktioniert noch nicht."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:145 groupmod.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:405
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "--non-unique"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:148
+msgid ""
+"permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID. As a "
+"result, for this <_:replaceable-1/>, the mapping towards group <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> may not be unique."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmems.8.xml.out:55 groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:143 login.1.xml.out:80 login.1.xml.out:88
+#: login.1.xml.out:95 login.1.xml.out:212 su.1.xml.out:207
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:237 usermod.8.xml.out:290
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:411 vipw.8.xml.out:102
+msgid "-p"
+msgstr "-p"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmod.8.xml.out:143 useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "--password"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmod.8.xml.out:143 useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+msgid "PASSWORD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:163 groupmod.8.xml.out:148 gshadow.5.xml.out:62
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:68 passwd.5.xml.out:103 passwd.5.xml.out:109
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:170 shadow.5.xml.out:88 shadow.5.xml.out:94
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:430 useradd.8.xml.out:887 usermod.8.xml.out:295
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:614
+msgid "crypt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:164 groupadd.8.xml.out:315 groupmod.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:271 groups.1.xml.out:68 groups.1.xml.out:104
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:255 gshadow.5.xml.out:63 gshadow.5.xml.out:69
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:443 passwd.5.xml.out:104 passwd.5.xml.out:110
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:170 passwd.5.xml.out:176 pwck.8.xml.out:305
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:34 shadow.3.xml.out:217 shadow.5.xml.out:89
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:95 useradd.8.xml.out:431 useradd.8.xml.out:829
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:887 usermod.8.xml.out:296 usermod.8.xml.out:614
+msgid "3"
+msgstr "3"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:161
+msgid ""
+"defines an initial password for the group account. PASSWORD is expected to "
+"be encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:166
+msgid ""
+"Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password "
+"defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths "
+"system account file <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:173 groupmod.8.xml.out:152 useradd.8.xml.out:444
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:93 usermod.8.xml.out:299
+msgid "Note:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:172 groupmod.8.xml.out:151
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis role=\"bold\">Note:</emphasis> This option is not recommended "
+#| "because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users "
+#| "listing the processes."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> This option is not recommended because the password (or "
+"encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">Hinweis:</emphasis> Diese Option ist nicht "
+"empfehlenswert, weil das Passwort (auch wenn es verschlüsselt ist) für "
+"Benutzer sichtbar ist, die sich den Prozess anzeigen lassen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:177 groupmod.8.xml.out:156 useradd.8.xml.out:448
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:309
+msgid ""
+"You should make sure the password respects the system's password policy."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie sollten sicherstellen, dass das Passwort den Passwortrichtlinien des "
+"Systems entspricht."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:185 newusers.8.xml.out:287 useradd.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "--system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "Create a system group."
+msgstr "erstellt eine neue Systemgruppe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "SYS_GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "SYS_GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:191
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the "
+#| "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> range, defined "
+#| "in <filename>login.defs</filename>, instead of <option>GID_MIN</option>-"
+#| "<option>GID_MAX</option>."
+msgid ""
+"The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the <_:option-1/>-"
+"<_:option-2/> range, defined in <_:filename-3/>, instead of <_:option-4/>-<_:"
+"option-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Die zahlenmäßige Kennung einer neuen Systemgruppe wird aus der Spanne von "
+"<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> bis <option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> gewählt, "
+"welche in <filename>login.defs</filename> festgelegt wird, anstelle von "
+"<option>GID_MIN</option> bis <option>GID_MAX</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupdel.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502 userdel.8.xml.out:136 usermod.8.xml.out:341
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-P"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupdel.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502 userdel.8.xml.out:136 usermod.8.xml.out:341
+msgid "--prefix"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupadd.8.xml.out:219 groupdel.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:106 groupdel.8.xml.out:108 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:181 groupmod.8.xml.out:183 useradd.8.xml.out:502
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:507 userdel.8.xml.out:136 userdel.8.xml.out:140
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:142 usermod.8.xml.out:341 usermod.8.xml.out:346
+msgid "PREFIX_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:505
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under "
+"the directory <_:replaceable-1/>. This option does not chroot and is "
+"intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and "
+"LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host "
+"files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:229 groupadd.8.xml.out:237 groupmod.8.xml.out:194
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:202 useradd.8.xml.out:96 useradd.8.xml.out:397
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:549 useradd.8.xml.out:558 usermod.8.xml.out:238
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:405
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-U"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:229 groupmod.8.xml.out:194
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "--users"
+msgstr "Benutzer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:232 groupmod.8.xml.out:197
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Administrators can change the password or the members of the group."
+msgid "A list of usernames to add as members of the group."
+msgstr ""
+"Gruppenverwalter können das Passwort und die Mitglieder der Gruppe ändern."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:237 groupmod.8.xml.out:202 useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:386 useradd.8.xml.out:397 useradd.8.xml.out:558
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-N"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:238 groupmod.8.xml.out:203 login.defs.5.xml.out:448
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:97 useradd.8.xml.out:240 useradd.8.xml.out:398
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:559 userdel.8.xml.out:86 userdel.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:235 groupmod.8.xml.out:200 useradd.8.xml.out:395
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:556
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default behavior (if the <option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option>, "
+#| "and <option>-U</option> options are not specified) is defined by the "
+#| "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"The default behavior (if the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, and <_:option-3/> "
+"options are not specified) is defined by the <_:option-4/> variable in <_:"
+"filename-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn die Optionen <option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option> und <option>-U</"
+"option> nicht angegeben werden, wird das Verhalten durch die Variable "
+"<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+"bestimmt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:286
+msgid ""
+"You may not add a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie können einen Benutzer nicht einer NIS- oder LDAP-Gruppe hinzufügen. Dies "
+"müssen Sie auf dem entsprechenden Server durchführen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:290
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS "
+#| "or LDAP, <command>groupadd</command> will deny the group creation request."
+msgid ""
+"If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or "
+"LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the group creation request."
+msgstr ""
+"Falls der Gruppenname bereits in einer externen Datenbank (wie etwa NIS oder "
+"LDAP) vergeben ist, wird <command>groupadd</command> die Gruppe nicht "
+"erstellen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:317 passwd.1.xml.out:463 useradd.8.xml.out:831
+msgid "invalid argument to option"
+msgstr "ungültiges Argument für Option"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:321 groupmod.8.xml.out:277 grpck.8.xml.out:261
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:449 pwck.8.xml.out:311 useradd.8.xml.out:835
+msgid "4"
+msgstr "4"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:323
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "UID already in use (and no <option>-o</option>)"
+msgid "GID is already used (when called without <_:option-1/>)"
+msgstr "UID ist schon vergeben (und kein <option>-o</option>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:327 groupmod.8.xml.out:289 useradd.8.xml.out:847
+msgid "9"
+msgstr "9"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:329
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "group name is already used"
+msgstr "Gruppenname wird schon verwendet"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:335 groupdel.8.xml.out:194 useradd.8.xml.out:855
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:267
+msgid "can't update group file"
+msgstr "Die Gruppendatei kann nicht aktualisieren werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:369 groupdel.8.xml.out:226 groupmems.8.xml.out:227
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:350 login.defs.5.xml.out:480 useradd.8.xml.out:913
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:39 userdel.8.xml.out:46 userdel.8.xml.out:51
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:62 userdel.8.xml.out:71 userdel.8.xml.out:82
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211 userdel.8.xml.out:232 userdel.8.xml.out:283
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:298 userdel.8.xml.out:300 usermod.8.xml.out:643
+msgid "userdel"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:372 groupdel.8.xml.out:229 groupmems.8.xml.out:230
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:353 login.defs.5.xml.out:490 passwd.1.xml.out:488
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:140 pwck.8.xml.out:348 useradd.8.xml.out:916
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:345 usermod.8.xml.out:40 usermod.8.xml.out:47
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:53 usermod.8.xml.out:64 usermod.8.xml.out:72
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:263 usermod.8.xml.out:522
+msgid "usermod"
+msgstr "usermod"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:344 groupmod.8.xml.out:324
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-10/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:42
+msgid "delete a group"
+msgstr "löscht eine Gruppe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:51 groupdel.8.xml.out:59 groupmod.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:59 groupmod.8.xml.out:86 groupmod.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:125 suauth.5.xml.out:85 suauth.5.xml.out:87
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230 useradd.8.xml.out:249 useradd.8.xml.out:392
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639 useradd.8.xml.out:648 usermod.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "GROUP"
+msgstr "GRUPPE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupdel</command> command modifies the system account "
+#| "files, deleting all entries that refer to <replaceable>GROUP</"
+#| "replaceable>. The named group must exist."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all "
+"entries that refer to <_:replaceable-2/>. The named group must exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Befehl <command>groupdel</command> bearbeitet die Kontodateien des "
+"Systems und löscht darin alle Einträge, die auf die <replaceable>Gruppe</"
+"replaceable> verweisen. Die bezeichnete Gruppe muss existieren."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"This option forces the removal of the group, even if there's some user "
+"having the group as the primary one."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:105 groupmod.8.xml.out:180 userdel.8.xml.out:139
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration "
+"files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. This option does not chroot and "
+"is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS "
+"and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host "
+"files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:122
+msgid ""
+"You may not remove the primary group of any existing user. You must remove "
+"the user before you remove the group."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie können nicht die Hauptgruppe eines Benutzers entfernen. Dazu müssten Sie "
+"zunächst den betreffenden Benutzer löschen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:126
+msgid ""
+"You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain "
+"owned by this group."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie sollten von Hand alle Systemdateien überprüfen, um sicherzustellen, dass "
+"keine Dateien, die der gelöschten Gruppe angehören, vorhanden sind."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:180 groupmod.8.xml.out:283 passwd.1.xml.out:461
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:323 useradd.8.xml.out:841 userdel.8.xml.out:253
+msgid "6"
+msgstr "6"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:182 useradd.8.xml.out:843
+msgid "specified group doesn't exist"
+msgstr "angegebene Gruppe ist nicht vorhanden"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "can't remove user's primary group"
+msgstr "Die Hauptgruppe eines Benutzers kann nicht entfernen werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:203 login.1.xml.out:375 shadow.5.xml.out:260
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:18
+msgid "George"
+msgstr "George"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:19
+msgid "Kraft"
+msgstr "Kraft"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/lineage
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:20
+msgid "IV"
+msgstr "IV"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:21
+msgid "Creation, 2000"
+msgstr "ursprünglicher Autor, 2000"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:37 groupmems.8.xml.out:44 groupmems.8.xml.out:50
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:63 groupmems.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:71
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:78 groupmems.8.xml.out:159 groupmems.8.xml.out:163
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:305
+msgid "groupmems"
+msgstr "groupmems"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:45
+msgid "administer members of a user's primary group"
+msgstr "verwaltet die Mitglieder der Hauptgruppe eines Benutzers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:52
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-a <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:53
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-d <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-d <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-d <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:54
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-g <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-g <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-g <placeholder-1/>"
+
+# SB: 1. I don't understand "sake"? A typo? But of what? 2. I think we shouldn't have the notorious guest account here as an example.
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:62
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupmems</command> command allows a user to administer "
+#| "their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser "
+#| "privileges. The <command>groupmems</command> utility is for systems that "
+#| "configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i.e., "
+#| "guest / guest)."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command allows a user to administer their own group "
+"membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges. The <_:"
+"command-2/> utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their "
+"own name sake primary group (i.e., guest / guest)."
+msgstr ""
+"Mit dem Befehl <command>groupmems</command> kann ein Benutzer die "
+"Mitgliederliste seiner eigenen Gruppe verwalten, ohne Root-Rechte zu "
+"benötigen. Das Werkzeug <command>groupmems</command> ist für Systeme "
+"gedacht, auf denen die Hauptgruppe eines Benutzers den gleichen Namen hat "
+"wie der Benutzer (z.B. fritz/fritz)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Only the superuser, as administrator, can use <command>groupmems</"
+#| "command> to alter the memberships of other groups."
+msgid ""
+"Only the superuser, as administrator, can use <_:command-1/> to alter the "
+"memberships of other groups."
+msgstr ""
+"Nur Root als Administrator kann mit <command>groupmems</command> die "
+"Mitgliederlisten anderer Gruppen bearbeiten."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Add an user to the group membership list."
+msgid "Add a user to the group membership list."
+msgstr "Fügt einen Benutzer der Mitgliederliste der Gruppe hinzu."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:86 groupmems.8.xml.out:102 groupmems.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file exist, and the group has no "
+#| "entry in the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file, a new entry will be "
+#| "created."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:filename-1/> file exist, and the group has no entry in the <_:"
+"filename-2/> file, a new entry will be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn die Datei <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> vorhanden ist, die Gruppe "
+"darin aber keinen Eintrag hat, wird ein solcher erstellt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "Delete a user from the group membership list."
+msgstr "Löscht einen Benutzer aus der Mitgliederliste der Gruppe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:97
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file exist, the user will be "
+#| "removed from the list of members and administrators of the group."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:filename-1/> file exist, the user will be removed from the list of "
+"members and administrators of the group."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> vorhanden ist, wird der Benutzer aus "
+"der Liste der Mitglieder und Gruppenverwalter entfernt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110 vipw.8.xml.out:90
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group"
+msgid "--group"
+msgstr "Gruppe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:112
+msgid "The superuser can specify which group membership list to modify."
+msgstr ""
+"Root kann eine Gruppen bestimmen, deren Mitgliederliste er bearbeiten will."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "List the group membership list."
+msgstr "gibt die Mitgliederliste aus"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+msgid "--purge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:132
+msgid "Purge all users from the group membership list."
+msgstr "löscht alle Benutzer aus der Mitgliederliste der Gruppe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:157
+msgid "SETUP"
+msgstr "EINRICHTUNG"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/literal
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:160
+msgid "2710"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:161 groupmems.8.xml.out:162 groups.1.xml.out:33
+#: groups.1.xml.out:40 groups.1.xml.out:46 groups.1.xml.out:56
+msgid "groups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupmems</command> executable should be in mode "
+#| "<literal>2710</literal> as user <emphasis>root</emphasis> and in group "
+#| "<emphasis>groups</emphasis>. The system administrator can add users to "
+#| "group <emphasis>groups</emphasis> to allow or disallow them using the "
+#| "<command>groupmems</command> utility to manage their own group membership "
+#| "list."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> executable should be in mode <_:literal-2/> as user <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> and in group <_:emphasis-4/>. The system administrator can add "
+"users to group <_:emphasis-5/> to allow or disallow them using the <_:"
+"command-6/> utility to manage their own group membership list."
+msgstr ""
+"Die ausführbare Datei <command>groupmems</command> sollte die Rechte "
+"<literal>2710</literal> haben und dem Benutzer <emphasis>root</emphasis> und "
+"der Gruppe <emphasis>groups</emphasis> gehören. Der Systemadministrator kann "
+"Benutzer der Gruppe <emphasis>groups</emphasis> hinzufügen, um ihnen zu "
+"ermöglichen, mit <command>groupmems</command> die Mitgliederliste ihrer "
+"eigenen Gruppe zu verwalten."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:167
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "\t$ groupadd -r groups\n"
+#| "\t$ chmod 2710 groupmems\n"
+#| "\t$ chown root.groups groupmems\n"
+#| "\t$ groupmems -g groups -a gk4\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid ""
+"$ groupadd -r groups $ chmod 2710 groupmems $ chown root.groups groupmems $ "
+"groupmems -g groups -a gk4"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"\t$ groupadd -r groups\n"
+"\t$ chmod 2710 groupmems\n"
+"\t$ chown root.groups groupmems\n"
+"\t$ groupmems -g groups -a gk4\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "secure group account information"
+msgstr "verschlüsselte Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:42
+msgid "modify a group definition on the system"
+msgstr "ändert die Eigenschaften einer Gruppe auf dem System"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupmod</command> command modifies the definition of the "
+#| "specified <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable> by modifying the appropriate "
+#| "entry in the group database."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the definition of the specified <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Befehl <command>groupmod</command> ändert die Eigenschaften der "
+"angegebenen <replaceable>GRUPPE</replaceable>, indem die passenden Einträge "
+"in der Gruppendatenbank geändert werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73 usermod.8.xml.out:78
+msgid "--append"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If group members are specified with -U, append them to the existing member "
+"list, rather than replacing it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The group ID of the given <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable> will be "
+#| "changed to <replaceable>GID</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"The group ID of the given <_:replaceable-1/> will be changed to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Gruppen-ID der angegebenen <replaceable>GRUPPE</replaceable> wird zu "
+"<replaceable>GID</replaceable> geändert."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The value of <replaceable>GID</replaceable> must be a non-negative "
+#| "decimal integer. This value must be unique, unless the <option>-o</"
+#| "option> option is used."
+msgid ""
+"The value of <_:replaceable-1/> must be a non-negative decimal integer. This "
+"value must be unique, unless the <_:option-2/> option is used."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Wert von <replaceable>GID</replaceable> muss eine nicht negative, "
+"dezimale Zahl sein. Er muss eindeutig sein, außer wenn die Option <option>-"
+"o</option> verwendet wird."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:95
+msgid ""
+"Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to keep the group "
+"as their primary group."
+msgstr ""
+"Benutzer, welche die Gruppe als Hauptgruppe verwenden, werden aktualisiert, "
+"um die Gruppe als Hauptgruppe zu behalten."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:99
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to "
+#| "<replaceable>GROUP</replaceable>, must have their group ID changed "
+#| "manually."
+msgid ""
+"Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>, must have their group ID changed manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Bei Dateien, welche die alte Gruppen-ID haben und weiterhin der Gruppe "
+"<replaceable>GROUP</replaceable> gehören sollen, muss die Gruppen-ID per "
+"Hand angepasst werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:395
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "No checks will be performed with regard to the <option>UID_MIN</option>, "
+#| "<option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>, or "
+#| "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"No checks will be performed with regard to the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, "
+"<_:option-3/>, or <_:option-4/> from <_:filename-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Werte von <option>UID_MIN</option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>, "
+"<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> und <option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> aus <filename>/"
+"etc/login.defs</filename> werden nicht geprüft."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-n"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "--new-name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121 groupmod.8.xml.out:126
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "NEW_GROUP"
+msgstr "GRUPPE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:124
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The name of the group will be changed from <replaceable>GROUP</"
+#| "replaceable> to <replaceable>NEW_GROUP</replaceable> name."
+msgid ""
+"The name of the group will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> name."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Gruppenname wird vom Namen <replaceable>GRUPPE</replaceable> zu "
+"<replaceable>NEUE_GRUPPE</replaceable> geändert."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:135
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When used with the <option>-g</option> option, allow to change the group "
+#| "<replaceable>GID</replaceable> to a non-unique value."
+msgid ""
+"When used with the <_:option-1/> option, allow to change the group <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> to a non-unique value."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn sie mit der Option <option>-g</option> verwendet wird, kann mit ihr der "
+"Wert der Gruppen-<replaceable>GID</replaceable> auf einen nicht eindeutigen "
+"Wert gesetzt werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "The encrypted password, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:261
+msgid "E_SUCCESS: success"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:267
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "invalid command syntax"
+msgid "E_USAGE: invalid command syntax"
+msgstr "unzulässige Syntax für diesen Befehl"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:273
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "invalid argument to option"
+msgid "E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option"
+msgstr "ungültiges Argument für Option"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:279
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use"
+msgstr "Gruppenname wird schon verwendet"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:285
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "specified group doesn't exist"
+msgid "E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn't exist"
+msgstr "angegebene Gruppe ist nicht vorhanden"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:291
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use"
+msgstr "Gruppenname wird schon verwendet"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:297
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "can't update group file"
+msgid "E_GRP_UPDATE: can't update group file"
+msgstr "Die Gruppendatei kann nicht aktualisieren werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:301
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "1"
+msgid "11"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can't setup cleanup service"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:307 useradd.8.xml.out:859 userdel.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "12"
+msgstr "12"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "E_PAM_USERNAME: can't determine your username for use with pam"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:313
+msgid "13"
+msgstr "13"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:315
+msgid ""
+"E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the "
+"PAM error message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groups.1.xml.out:41
+msgid "display current group names"
+msgstr "zeigt die aktuell verwendeten Gruppennamen an"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:55
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groups</command> command displays the current group names or "
+#| "ID values. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in <filename>/"
+#| "etc/group</filename>, the value will be displayed as the numerical group "
+#| "value. The optional <emphasis remap=\"I\">user</emphasis> parameter will "
+#| "display the groups for the named <emphasis remap=\"I\">user</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command displays the current group names or ID values. If "
+"the value does not have a corresponding entry in <_:filename-2/>, the value "
+"will be displayed as the numerical group value. The optional <_:"
+"replaceable-3/> parameter will display the groups for the named user."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Befehl <command>groups</command> zeigt die momentan verwendeten "
+"Gruppennamen oder IDs an. Wenn einem Wert kein Eintrag in <filename>/etc/"
+"group</filename> entspricht, wird die Gruppennummer ausgegeben. Mit der "
+"Option <emphasis remap=\"I\">user</emphasis> werden nur die Gruppen des "
+"bezeichneten <emphasis remap=\"I\">Benutzers</emphasis> angezeigt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:68 groups.1.xml.out:104
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "initgroups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: groups.1.xml.out:71 newgrp.1.xml.out:139 sg.1.xml.out:34 sg.1.xml.out:41
+#: sg.1.xml.out:47 sg.1.xml.out:59 sg.1.xml.out:62 sg.1.xml.out:64
+#: sg.1.xml.out:67 sg.1.xml.out:68 su.1.xml.out:421
+msgid "sg"
+msgstr "sg"
+
+# SB: Übersetzung von "concurrent group set"?
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:66
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Systems which do not support concurrent group sets will have the "
+#| "information from <filename>/etc/group</filename> reported. The user must "
+#| "use <command>newgrp</command> or <command>sg</command> to change his "
+#| "current real and effective group ID."
+msgid ""
+"Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see <_:citerefentry-1/>) "
+"will have the information from <_:filename-2/> reported. The user must use "
+"<_:command-3/> or <_:command-4/> to change his current real and effective "
+"group ID."
+msgstr ""
+"Auf Systemen, die keine simultanen Gruppen unterstützen, werden die "
+"Informationen aus <filename>/etc/group</filename> ausgegeben. Wenn der "
+"Benutzer seine tatsächliche und effektive Gruppen-ID ändern will, muss er "
+"<command>newgrp</command> oder <command>sg</command> verwenden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:95
+msgid "getgid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:98
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "getgroups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:101
+msgid "getuid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:90 gshadow.5.xml.out:151 pwck.8.xml.out:334
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:17 lastlog.8.xml.out:19 pwck.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "Creation, 1992"
+msgstr "ursprünglicher Autor, 1992"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "verify integrity of group files"
+msgstr "überprüft die Stimmigkeit der Gruppendateien"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:62 grpck.8.xml.out:165 grpck.8.xml.out:185
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>grpck</command> command verifies the integrity of the groups "
+#| "information. It checks that all entries in <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#| "filename></phrase> have the proper format and contain valid data. The "
+#| "user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which "
+#| "have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the groups information. "
+"It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/> have the proper "
+"format and contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that "
+"are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Befehl <command>grpwck</command> überprüft die Stimmigkeit der "
+"Informationen über die Gruppen. Alle Einträge in <filename>/etc/group</"
+"filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">und <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+"filename></phrase> werden darauf überprüft, ob sie das richtige Format haben "
+"und gültige Daten enthalten. Bei einem Eintrag, der falsch formatiert ist "
+"oder andere unbehebbare Fehler enthält, wird der Benutzer aufgefordert, ihn "
+"zu löschen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:69 pwck.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "Checks are made to verify that each entry has:"
+msgstr "Es wird überprüft, ob jeder Eintrag folgende Eigenschaften aufweist:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:73 pwck.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "the correct number of fields"
+msgstr "die richtige Anzahl von Feldern"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "a unique and valid group name"
+msgstr "einen eindeutigen und gültigen Gruppennamen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:81
+msgid "(<_:filename-1/> only)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:79
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "a valid user and group identifier"
+msgid "a valid group identifier <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr "eine gültige Benutzer- und Gruppenkennung"
+
+# SB: Gruppenverwalter ist besser als Administrator, weil so keine Verwechslung mit Systemadminstrator.
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:88
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "and administrators"
+msgstr "Gruppenverwalter"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:86
+msgid "a valid list of members <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "a corresponding entry in the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file "
+#| "(respectively <filename>/etc/group</filename> for the <filename>gshadow</"
+#| "filename> checks)"
+msgid ""
+"a corresponding entry in the <_:filename-1/> file (respectively <_:"
+"filename-2/> for the <_:filename-3/> checks)"
+msgstr ""
+"einen passenden Eintrag in der Datei <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>  "
+"(oder in <filename>/etc/group</filename> bei der Überprüfung von "
+"<filename>gshadow</filename>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:100
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal. "
+#| "If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to "
+#| "delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all "
+#| "further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated group name is "
+#| "prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All "
+#| "other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the "
+#| "<command>groupmod</command> command to correct the error."
+msgid ""
+"The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal. If "
+"an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete "
+"the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further "
+"checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for "
+"deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All other errors are "
+"warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/> command to "
+"correct the error."
+msgstr ""
+"Fehler bei der Überprüfung der richtigen Anzahl der Felder und des "
+"eindeutigen Benutzernamens sind schwerwiegend. Wenn ein Eintrag die falsche "
+"Anzahl von Feldern aufweist, wird der Benutzer aufgefordert, die gesamte "
+"Zeile zu löschen. Wenn er dies ablehnt, werden alle weiteren Tests "
+"ausgelassen. Bei einem Eintrag mit einem mehrfach verwendeten Benutzernamen "
+"wird der Benutzer aufgefordert, diesen Eintrag zu löschen. Sollte er dies "
+"ablehnen, werden dennoch die übrigen Tests ausgeführt. Bei allen anderen "
+"Fehlern wird eine Warnung ausgegeben und der Benutzer aufgefordert, den "
+"Fehler mittels des Befehls <command>groupmod</command> zu beheben."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:113 newusers.8.xml.out:67 newusers.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "Datei"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:111
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The commands which operate on the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file "
+#| "are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <command>pwck</"
+#| "command> should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending "
+#| "entry."
+msgid ""
+"The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/><_:phrase-3/> "
+"are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-4/> should "
+"be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Befehle, welche die Datei <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> bearbeiten, "
+"können falsche oder doppelte Einträge nicht verändern. In solchen Fällen "
+"sollte <command>pwck</command> verwendet werden, um den betreffenden Eintrag "
+"zu entfernen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:123 pwck.8.xml.out:154
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <option>-r</option> and <option>-s</option> options cannot be "
+#| "combined."
+msgid "The <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options cannot be combined."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen <option>-r</option> und <option>-s</option> können nicht "
+"zusammen verwendet werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 pwck.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "--read-only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:143 login.defs.5.xml.out:134 login.defs.5.xml.out:136
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:246
+msgid "no"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:140
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Execute the <command>grpck</command> command in read-only mode. This "
+#| "causes all questions regarding changes to be answered <emphasis>no</"
+#| "emphasis> without user intervention."
+msgid ""
+"Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode. This causes all "
+"questions regarding changes to be answered <_:emphasis-2/> without user "
+"intervention."
+msgstr ""
+"Führt den Befehl <command>grpck</command> im Modus Nur-Lesen aus. Dies hat "
+"zur Folge, dass alle Fragen, ob Veränderungen vorgenommen werden sollen, mit "
+"<emphasis>no</emphasis> beantworteten werden, ohne dass der Benutzer "
+"einzugreifen braucht."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:161 pwck.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "--sort"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:163
+msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> by GID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172 lastlog.8.xml.out:117 passwd.1.xml.out:161
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:291
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-S"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "--silence-warnings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:178
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/gshadow"
+msgid "/etc/ghadow"
+msgstr "/etc/gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:174
+msgid ""
+"Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about "
+"inconsistency between group members listed in <_:filename-1/> and <_:"
+"filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "parameter."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:190
+msgid "and <_:emphasis-1/> parameters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"By default, <_:command-1/> operates on <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/>. The "
+"user may select alternate files with the <_:emphasis-4/> <_:phrase-5/> <_:"
+"phrase-6/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:251
+msgid "one or more bad group entries"
+msgstr "ein oder mehrere fehlerhafte Gruppeneinträge"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:257
+msgid "can't open group files"
+msgstr "Die Gruppendateien können nicht geöffnet werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:263
+msgid "can't lock group files"
+msgstr "Die Gruppendateien können nicht gesperrt werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:269
+msgid "can't update group files"
+msgstr "Die Gruppendateien können nicht aktualisiert werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/citerefentry
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:286
+msgid "<_:refentrytitle-1/><_:manvolnum-2/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:278
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>, "
+"<_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Creation, 2005"
+msgstr "ursprünglicher Autor, 2005"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:30
+msgid "shadowed group file"
+msgstr "Shadow-Datei für Gruppen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:35
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> contains the shadowed information for "
+#| "group accounts."
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> contains the shadowed information for group accounts."
+msgstr ""
+"In <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> befinden sich die Informationen für das "
+"Shadow-Gruppen-System."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:40 shadow.5.xml.out:52
+msgid ""
+"This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to "
+"be maintained."
+msgstr ""
+"Um die Sicherheit der Passwörter zu gewährleisten, darf diese Datei nicht "
+"für normale Benutzer lesbar sein."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:45
+msgid "Each line of this file contains the following colon-separated fields:"
+msgstr ""
+"Die darin enthaltenen Zeilen haben folgende Felder, die durch Doppelpunkt "
+"getrennt sind:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:51
+msgid "group name"
+msgstr "Gruppenname"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:53
+msgid "It must be a valid group name, which exist on the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Es muss sich um einen gültigen, auf dem System vorhandenen Gruppennamen "
+"handeln."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:59 shadow.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "encrypted password"
+msgstr "verschlüsseltes Passwort"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:61 passwd.5.xml.out:102 shadow.5.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> for details on how this string is interpreted."
+msgid ""
+"Refer to <_:citerefentry-1/> for details on how this string is interpreted."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie sollten in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> nachsehen, wenn Sie "
+"mehr über die Bedeutung dieser Zeichenkette wissen wollen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:66
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, for instance ! or *, users will not be able to "
+#| "use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need "
+#| "the password)."
+msgid ""
+"If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix "
+"password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn das Passwortfeld eine Zeichenkette enthält, die kein zulässiges "
+"Ergebnis von <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+"manvolnum></citerefentry> ist, z.B. ! oder *, können Benutzer nicht mit "
+"einem Unix-Passwort Zugang zu der Gruppe erhalten, wobei Gruppenmitglieder "
+"kein Passwort benötigen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:73
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The password is used when an user who is not a member of the group wants "
+#| "to gain the permissions of this group (see "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>)."
+msgid ""
+"The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to "
+"gain the permissions of this group (see <_:citerefentry-1/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Das Passwort wird angefordert, wenn ein Benutzer, der nicht Mitglied der "
+"Gruppe ist, die Berechtigungen dieser Gruppe erhalten will (vergleiche "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:79
+msgid ""
+"This field may be empty, in which case only the group members can gain the "
+"group permissions."
+msgstr ""
+"Dieses Feld kann leer bleiben. Dies hat zur Folge, dass nur "
+"Gruppenmitglieder von den Rechten der Gruppe Gebrauch machen können."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:83 shadow.5.xml.out:81
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A password field which starts with a exclamation mark means that the "
+#| "password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the "
+#| "password field before the password was locked."
+msgid ""
+"A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the "
+"password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the "
+"password field before the password was locked."
+msgstr ""
+"Ein Passwortfeld, das mit einem Ausrufezeichen beginnt, führt dazu, dass das "
+"Passwort gesperrt ist. Die übrigen Zeichen sind das Passwort vor der "
+"Sperrung."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This password supersedes any password specified in <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid "This password supersedes any password specified in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dieses Passwort geht den in <filename>/etc/group</filename> definierten "
+"Passwörtern vor."
+
+# SB: Gruppenverwalter ist besser als Administrator, weil so keine Verwechslung mit Systemadminstrator.
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "administrators"
+msgstr "Gruppenverwalter"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:99 gshadow.5.xml.out:115
+msgid "It must be a comma-separated list of user names."
+msgstr ""
+"Es muss sich dabei um eine durch Kommas getrennte Liste von Benutzernamen "
+"handeln."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:102
+msgid "Administrators can change the password or the members of the group."
+msgstr ""
+"Gruppenverwalter können das Passwort und die Mitglieder der Gruppe ändern."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:106
+msgid ""
+"Administrators also have the same permissions as the members (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Gruppenverwalter haben die gleichen Recht wie die Gruppenmitglieder (siehe "
+"unten)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:113
+msgid "members"
+msgstr "Mitglieder"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:118
+msgid "Members can access the group without being prompted for a password."
+msgstr ""
+"Mitglieder haben Zugang zu der Gruppe, ohne eine Passwort eingeben zu müssen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:122
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You should use the same list of users as in <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid "You should use the same list of users as in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie sollten die gleiche Benutzerliste wie in <filename>/etc/group</filename> "
+"verwenden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:162 login.defs.5.xml.out:324 pwconv.8.xml.out:48
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:67 pwconv.8.xml.out:113 pwconv.8.xml.out:134
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:166 pwconv.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "grpconv"
+msgstr "grpconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:35 lastlog.8.xml.out:42 lastlog.8.xml.out:48
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:58 lastlog.8.xml.out:70 lastlog.8.xml.out:172
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:337
+msgid "lastlog"
+msgstr "lastlog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:43
+msgid "reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user"
+msgstr "berichtet die letzte Anmeldung für alle oder einen bestimmten Benutzer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:59 lastlog.8.xml.out:197 lastlog.8.xml.out:214
+msgid "/var/log/lastlog"
+msgstr "/var/log/lastlog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:60
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login name"
+msgid "login-name"
+msgstr "Anmeldename"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:60
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "porttime"
+msgid "port"
+msgstr "porttime"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login name"
+msgid "last login time"
+msgstr "Anmeldename"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>lastlog</command> formats and prints the contents of the last "
+#| "login log <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file. The <emphasis>login-"
+#| "name</emphasis>, <emphasis>port</emphasis>, and <emphasis>last login "
+#| "time</emphasis> will be printed. The default (no flags) causes lastlog "
+#| "entries to be printed, sorted by their order in <filename>/etc/passwd</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> formats and prints the contents of the last login log <_:"
+"filename-2/> file. The <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/>, and <_:emphasis-5/> "
+"will be printed. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be "
+"printed, sorted by their order in <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>lastlog</command> formatiert und gibt den Inhalt der Datei mit den "
+"letzten Anmeldungen, <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename>, aus. Der "
+"<emphasis>Anmeldename</emphasis>, der <emphasis>Port</emphasis> und der "
+"<emphasis>Zeitpunkt der letzten Anmeldung</emphasis> werden angezeigt. "
+"Standardmäßig (keine Optionen) werden die Lastlog-Einträge in der "
+"Reihenfolge, wie sie sich in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> befinden, "
+"ausgegeben."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75 useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:592
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-b"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "--before"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:78
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Print only lastlog records older than <emphasis remap=\"I\">DAYS</"
+#| "emphasis>."
+msgid "Print only lastlog records older than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"gibt nur Lastlog-Einträge aus, die älter als <emphasis remap=\"I\">TAGE</"
+"emphasis> sind"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-C"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "--clear"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:88
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-d</option> (or "
+#| "<option>--home</option>) option."
+msgid ""
+"Clear lastlog record of a user. This option can be used only together with "
+"<_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+msgstr ""
+"Diese Option ist nur in Verbindung mit der Option <option>-d</option> (oder "
+"<option>--home</option>) zulässig."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:117
+msgid "--set"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:120
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-d</option> (or "
+#| "<option>--home</option>) option."
+msgid ""
+"Set lastlog record of a user to the current time. This option can be used "
+"only together with <_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+msgstr ""
+"Diese Option ist nur in Verbindung mit der Option <option>-d</option> (oder "
+"<option>--home</option>) zulässig."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:131
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Print the lastlog records more recent than <emphasis remap=\"I\">DAYS</"
+#| "emphasis>."
+msgid "Print the lastlog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"gibt nur Lastlog-Einträge aus, die neuer als <emphasis remap=\"I\">TAGE</"
+"emphasis> sind"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:142
+msgid "Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s)."
+msgstr "gibt nur die Lastlog-Einträge für die angegebenen Benutzer aus"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:158
+msgid "** Never logged in**"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:157
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the user has never logged in the message <emphasis>** Never logged "
+#| "in**</emphasis> will be displayed instead of the port and time."
+msgid ""
+"If the user has never logged in the message <_:emphasis-1/> will be "
+"displayed instead of the port and time."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn sich ein Benutzer noch nie angemeldet hat, wird die Meldung "
+"<emphasis>** Never logged in**</emphasis> anstatt von Port und Zeit "
+"angezeigt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:162
+msgid ""
+"Only the entries for the current users of the system will be displayed. "
+"Other entries may exist for users that were deleted previously."
+msgstr ""
+"Es werden nur Einträge für auf dem System vorhandene Benutzer angezeigt, "
+"selbst wenn Einträge über gelöschte Benutzer noch vorhanden sind."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:175
+msgid "ls -l"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "ls -s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:171
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <filename>lastlog</filename> file is a database which contains info "
+#| "on the last login of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse "
+#| "file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown "
+#| "by \"<command>ls -l</command>\" (which can indicate a really big file if "
+#| "you have in <filename>passwd</filename> users with a high UID). You can "
+#| "display its real size with \"<command>ls -s</command>\"."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:filename-1/> file is a database which contains info on the last login "
+"of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse file, so its size on "
+"the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by \"<_:command-2/"
+">\" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in <_:filename-3/> "
+"users with a high UID). You can display its real size with \"<_:command-4/"
+">\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Bei der Datei <filename>lastlog</filename> handelt es sich um eine "
+"Datenbank, die Informationen zur letzten Anmeldung der Benutzer enthält. Sie "
+"sollten sie nicht austauschen. Es handelt sich um eine Sparse-Datei, so dass "
+"die tatsächliche Größe auf dem Speichermedium gewöhnlich viel kleiner ist "
+"als von »<command>ls -l</command>« angezeigt wird (was eine sehr große Datei "
+"anzeigen kann, wenn sich Benutzer mit einer großen UID in <filename>passwd</"
+"filename> befinden). Die wirkliche Dateigröße lässt sich mit »<command>ls -"
+"s</command>« anzeigen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "Database times of previous user logins."
+msgstr "Datenbank mit Zeiten der letzten Anmeldung der Benutzer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"Large gaps in UID numbers will cause the lastlog program to run longer with "
+"no output to the screen (i.e. if in lastlog database there is no entries for "
+"users with UID between 170 and 800 lastlog will appear to hang as it "
+"processes entries with UIDs 171-799)."
+msgstr ""
+"Große Lücken in den UID-Zahlen haben zur Folge, dass das Lastlog-Programm "
+"längere Zeit ohne Bildschirmausgabe läuft. Wenn sich z.B. in der Datenbank "
+"von Lastlog kein Eintrag für Benutzer mit der UID zwischen 170 und 800 "
+"befindet, wird es scheinen, als ob lastlog stehen geblieben ist, während es "
+"die Einträge mit der UID 171 bis 799 verarbeitet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:213
+msgid ""
+"Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the <_:term-1/> with "
+"external tools. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much "
+"space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by "
+"default and may require a specific option to handle them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: limits.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Luca"
+msgstr "Luca"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: limits.5.xml.out:18
+msgid "Berra"
+msgstr "Berra"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: limits.5.xml.out:19 vipw.8.xml.out:19
+msgid "Creation, 1997"
+msgstr "ursprünglicher Autor, 1997"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:35 limits.5.xml.out:42 limits.5.xml.out:50
+msgid "limits"
+msgstr "limits"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: limits.5.xml.out:43
+msgid "resource limits definition"
+msgstr "Festlegung von Resourcenbeschränkungen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: limits.5.xml.out:51 limits.5.xml.out:175
+msgid "/etc/limits"
+msgstr "/etc/limits"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: limits.5.xml.out:52
+msgid "config.h"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:49
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis remap=\"I\">limits</emphasis> file (<filename>/etc/limits</"
+#| "filename> by default or LIMITS_FILE defined <filename>config.h</"
+#| "filename>) describes the resource limits you wish to impose. It should be "
+#| "owned by root and readable by root account only."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> file (<_:filename-2/> by default or LIMITS_FILE defined "
+"<_:filename-3/>) describes the resource limits you wish to impose. It should "
+"be owned by root and readable by root account only."
+msgstr ""
+"Die <emphasis remap=\"I\">limits</emphasis>-Datei (standardmäßig <filename>/"
+"etc/limits</filename> oder die durch LIMITS_FILE in <filename>config.h</"
+"filename> festgelegte) bezeichnet die von Ihnen eingeführte Beschränkung von "
+"Ressourcen. Sie sollte Root gehören und nur von ihm lesbar sein."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"By default no quota is imposed on 'root'. In fact, there is no way to impose "
+"limits via this procedure to root-equiv accounts (accounts with UID 0)."
+msgstr ""
+"Standardmäßig bestehen für Root keine Einschränkungen. Tatsächlich gibt es "
+"keine Möglichkeit, mit diesem Verfahren Root-Konten (Konten mit der UID 0) "
+"Beschränkungen aufzuerlegen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:"
+msgstr ""
+"Jede Zeile beschreibt eine Beschränkung für einen Benutzer in der Form:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "user LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "Benutzer BESCHRÄNKUNGSZEICHENKETTE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:69
+msgid "or in the form:"
+msgstr "oder in der Form:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "@group LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "@Gruppe BESCHRÄNKUNGSZEICHENKETTE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:76 limits.5.xml.out:112
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user LIMITS_STRING"
+msgid "LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "Benutzer BESCHRÄNKUNGSZEICHENKETTE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis>LIMITS_STRING</emphasis> is a string of a concatenated list "
+#| "of resource limits. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed "
+#| "by a numerical limit."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits. "
+"Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Die <emphasis>BESCHRÄNKUNGSZEICHENKETTE</emphasis> ist eine Kette von "
+"Ressourcen-Beschränkungen. Jede Beschränkung besteht aus einer "
+"Buchstabenkennung, der eine zahlenmäßige Beschränkung folgt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "The valid identifiers are:"
+msgstr "Gültige Kennungen sind:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:84
+msgid "A: max address space (KB)"
+msgstr "A: maximaler Adressraum (KB)"
+
+# SB: Uebersetzung von "core file"?
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "C: max core file size (KB)"
+msgstr "C: maximale Größe der Speicherabbild-Datei"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:86
+msgid "D: max data size (KB)"
+msgstr "D: maximale Datengröße (KB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "F: maximum filesize (KB)"
+msgid "F: maximum file size (KB)"
+msgstr "F: maximale Dateigröße (KB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:90
+msgid "umask"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:88
+msgid "K: file creation mask, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:93
+msgid "I: max nice value (0..39 which translates to 20..-19)"
+msgstr ""
+"I: Maximaler Wert von nice (0 bis 39, was in 20 bis -19 übersetzt wird)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:95
+msgid "L: max number of logins for this user"
+msgstr "L: maximale Anzahl von Logins für diesen Benutzer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:96
+msgid "M: max locked-in-memory address space (KB)"
+msgstr "M: maximaler gesperrter Adressbereich im Speicher (KB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "N: max number of open files"
+msgstr "N: maximale Anzahl offener Dateien"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:98
+msgid "O: max real time priority"
+msgstr "O: Maximale Echtzeit-Priorität "
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:101 limits.5.xml.out:188
+msgid "setpriority"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:99
+msgid "P: process priority, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:104
+msgid "R: max resident set size (KB)"
+msgstr "R: maximale Resident Set Size (KB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:105
+msgid "S: max stack size (KB)"
+msgstr "S: maximale Größe des Stapelverarbeitungsspeichers (KB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:106
+msgid "T: max CPU time (MIN)"
+msgstr "T: maximale CPU-Zeit (Min)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:107
+msgid "U: max number of processes"
+msgstr "U: maximale Anzahl von Prozessen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:111
+msgid "L2D2048N5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:110
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For example, <emphasis remap=\"I\">L2D2048N5</emphasis> is a valid "
+#| "<emphasis>LIMITS_STRING</emphasis>. For reading convenience, the "
+#| "following entries are equivalent:"
+msgid ""
+"For example, <_:emphasis-1/> is a valid <_:emphasis-2/>. For reading "
+"convenience, the following entries are equivalent:"
+msgstr ""
+"Zum Beispiel ist <emphasis remap=\"I\">L2D2048N5</emphasis> eine gültige "
+"<emphasis>BESCHRÄNKUNGSZEICHENKETTE</emphasis>. Um das Lesen zu erleichtern, "
+"werden folgende Einträge gleich behandelt:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: limits.5.xml.out:116
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      username L2D2048N5\n"
+#| "      username L2 D2048 N5\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "username L2D2048N5 username L2 D2048 N5"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      Benutzername L2D2048N5\n"
+"      Benutzername L2 D2048 N5\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: limits.5.xml.out:122 login.1.xml.out:83 login.1.xml.out:91
+#: login.1.xml.out:197 su.1.xml.out:70 su.1.xml.out:82 su.1.xml.out:95
+#: su.1.xml.out:153 su.1.xml.out:155 useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid "username"
+msgstr "Benutzername"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:121
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Be aware that after <emphasis remap=\"I\">username</emphasis> the rest of "
+#| "the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed. A "
+#| "invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the "
+#| "<command>login</command> program."
+msgid ""
+"Be aware that after <_:emphasis-1/> the rest of the line is considered a "
+"limit string, thus comments are not allowed. An invalid limits string will "
+"be rejected (not considered) by the <_:command-2/> program."
+msgstr ""
+"Beachten Sie, dass nach <emphasis remap=\"I\">Benutzername</emphasis> die "
+"übrige Zeile als Zeichenkette für Beschränkungen angesehen wird. Kommentare "
+"sind daher nicht zulässig. Eine ungültige Zeichenkette wird von "
+"<command>login</command> ignoriert."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:129
+msgid "*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:130
+msgid "default"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:131
+msgid "LIMITS_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default entry is denoted by username \"<emphasis>*</emphasis>\". If "
+#| "you have multiple <emphasis remap=\"I\">default</emphasis> entries in "
+#| "your <emphasis>LIMITS_FILE</emphasis>, then the last one will be used as "
+#| "the default entry."
+msgid ""
+"The default entry is denoted by username \"<_:emphasis-1/>\". If you have "
+"multiple <_:emphasis-2/> entries in your <_:emphasis-3/>, then the last one "
+"will be used as the default entry."
+msgstr ""
+"Standardwerte werden mit dem Benutzernamen »<emphasis>*</emphasis>« "
+"festgelegt. Falls Sie mehrfach <emphasis remap=\"I\">Standard</emphasis>-"
+"Werte in der <emphasis>BESCHRÄNKUNGSDATEI</emphasis> bestimmen, wird nur der "
+"letzte berücksichtigt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: limits.5.xml.out:136 limits.5.xml.out:148
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group"
+msgid "@group"
+msgstr "Gruppe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:135
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The limits specified in the form \"<replaceable>@group</replaceable>\" "
+#| "apply to the members of the specified <replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"The limits specified in the form \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" apply to the members "
+"of the specified <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Beschränkungen, die in der Form »<replaceable>@group</replaceable>« "
+"festgelegt wurden, gelten für alle Mitglieder der angegebenen Gruppe "
+"<replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:141
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If more than one line with limits for an user exist, only the first line "
+#| "for this user will be considered."
+msgid ""
+"If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for "
+"this user will be considered."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn mehr als eine Zeile mit Beschränkungen für einen Benutzer vorhanden "
+"ist, wird für ihn nur die erste Zeile berücksichtigt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:146
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If no lines are specified for an user, the last <replaceable>@group</"
+#| "replaceable> line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be "
+#| "considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the "
+#| "user."
+msgid ""
+"If no lines are specified for a user, the last <_:replaceable-1/> line "
+"matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the "
+"last line with default limits if no groups contain the user."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn keine Zeile auf einen Benutzer zutrifft, wird auf ihn die letzte Zeile "
+"mit <replaceable>@group</replaceable> angewendet, die auf eine Gruppe "
+"verweist, deren Mitglied er ist. Wenn er auch nicht Mitglied einer der "
+"aufgeführten Gruppe ist, wird auf ihn die letzte Zeile, in der Standardwerte "
+"bestimmt sind, angewendet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: limits.5.xml.out:155 limits.5.xml.out:160 login.access.5.xml.out:72
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:47 newgrp.1.xml.out:56 sg.1.xml.out:48 su.1.xml.out:67
+#: su.1.xml.out:84 su.1.xml.out:93 su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:152
+msgid "-"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:153
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash \"<emphasis>-</"
+#| "emphasis>\" will do."
+msgid ""
+"To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" "
+"will do."
+msgstr ""
+"Mit einem Gedankenstrich »<emphasis>-</emphasis>« können Sie alle "
+"Beschränkungen für einen Benutzer zu entfernen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "To disable a limit for a user, a single dash \"<replaceable>-</"
+#| "replaceable>\" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit."
+msgid ""
+"To disable a limit for a user, a single dash \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" can be "
+"used instead of the numerical value for this limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Um für einen Benutzer eine bestimmte Beschränkung zu entfernen, müssen Sie "
+"für diese Beschränkung anstelle des numerischen Wertes einen Gedankenstrich "
+"»<replaceable>-</replaceable>« setzen."
+
+# SB: Well, there is PAM with /etc/security/limits.conf
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:164
+msgid ""
+"Also, please note that all limit settings are set PER LOGIN. They are not "
+"global, nor are they permanent. Perhaps global limits will come, but for now "
+"this will have to do ;)"
+msgstr ""
+"Berücksichtigen Sie auch, dass alle Beschränkungen nur JE ANMELDUNG gelten. "
+"Sie sind nicht global und auch nicht dauerhaft. Vielleicht wird es einmal "
+"globale Beschränkungen geben, für jetzt muss dies aber reichen ;)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:191
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/limits"
+msgid "setrlimit"
+msgstr "/etc/limits"
+
+# SB: Translation of login.1 based on Josef Spillner's
+# (josef@ggzgamingzone.org) from 2003. Mention somewhere else as well?
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "begin session on the system"
+msgstr "startet eine Sitzung auf dem System"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: login.1.xml.out:81 login.1.xml.out:89 login.1.xml.out:96
+msgid "host"
+msgstr "Rechner"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: login.1.xml.out:81 login.1.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-h <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-h <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-h <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: login.1.xml.out:84
+msgid "ENV=VAR"
+msgstr "ENV=VAR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: login.1.xml.out:96
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-r <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-r <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-r <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:105
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "login:"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:109
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "exec login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:102
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>login</command> program is used to establish a new session "
+#| "with the system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to "
+#| "the <emphasis remap=\"I\">login:</emphasis> prompt on the user's "
+#| "terminal. <command>login</command> may be special to the shell and may "
+#| "not be invoked as a sub-process. When called from a shell, "
+#| "<command>login</command> should be executed as <emphasis remap=\"B\">exec "
+#| "login</emphasis> which will cause the user to exit from the current shell "
+#| "(and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of "
+#| "the caller). Attempting to execute <command>login</command> from any "
+#| "shell but the login shell will produce an error message."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program is used to establish a new session with the "
+"system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> prompt on the user's terminal. <_:command-3/> may be special to "
+"the shell and may not be invoked as a sub-process. When called from a shell, "
+"<_:command-4/> should be executed as <_:emphasis-5/> which will cause the "
+"user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in "
+"user to return to the session of the caller). Attempting to execute <_:"
+"command-6/> from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message."
+msgstr ""
+"Das Programm <command>login</command> wird verwendet, um eine neue Sitzung "
+"auf dem System zu starten. Es wird normalerweise automatisch als Antwort auf "
+"die <emphasis remap=\"I\">login:</emphasis>-Eingabeaufforderung auf dem "
+"Terminal des Benutzers ausgeführt. <command>login</command> kann von der "
+"Shell besonders behandelt werden und kann nicht als Subprozess gestartet "
+"werden. Wenn <command>login</command> von einer Shell aufgerufen wird, "
+"sollte es als <emphasis remap=\"B\">exec login</emphasis> ausgeführt werden, "
+"so dass die aktuelle Shell des Benutzers beendet wird (und somit verhindert "
+"wird, dass der neue Benutzer in die Sitzung des alten zurückkehren kann). "
+"Der Versuch, von einer Shell außer der Anmelde-Shell <command>login</"
+"command> auszuführen, wird eine Fehlermeldung erzeugen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:116
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is "
+#| "disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of "
+#| "password failures are permitted before <command>login</command> exits and "
+#| "the communications link is severed."
+msgid ""
+"The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is "
+"disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of password "
+"failures are permitted before <_:command-1/> exits and the communications "
+"link is severed."
+msgstr ""
+"Falls  erforderlich, wird der Benutzer anschließend nach einem Passwort "
+"gefragt. Dieses wird während der Eingabe nicht angezeigt. Es sind nur eine "
+"kleine Anzahl von Anmeldeversuchen zulässig, ehe <command>login</command> "
+"abbricht und die Kommunikation getrennt wird."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:123
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted "
+#| "for a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to provide your "
+#| "old password and the new password before continuing. Please refer to "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for "
+"a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to provide your old "
+"password and the new password before continuing. Please refer to <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"Falls der Passwortverfall für Ihr Konto aktiviert wurde, kann es sein, dass "
+"Sie vor der weiteren Nutzung nach einem neuen Passwort gefragt werden. Sie "
+"müssen Ihr altes und neues Passwort angegeben, bevor Sie fortfahren können. "
+"In der Dokumentation zu <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> finden sich weitere "
+"Informationen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:135 login.1.xml.out:341
+msgid "/etc/motd"
+msgstr "/etc/motd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:136
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+msgid ".hushlogin"
+msgstr "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:137
+msgid "You have new mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:138
+msgid "You have mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:139
+msgid "No Mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:132
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and "
+#| "the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of the system message "
+#| "file, <filename>/etc/motd</filename>, by creating a zero-length file "
+#| "<filename>.hushlogin</filename> in your login directory. The mail message "
+#| "will be one of \"<emphasis>You have new mail.</emphasis>\", "
+#| "\"<emphasis>You have mail.</emphasis>\", or \"<emphasis>No Mail.</"
+#| "emphasis>\" according to the condition of your mailbox."
+msgid ""
+"After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and "
+"the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of the system message "
+"file, <_:filename-1/>, by creating a zero-length file <_:filename-2/> in "
+"your login directory. The mail message will be one of \"<_:emphasis-3/>\", "
+"\"<_:emphasis-4/>\", or \"<_:emphasis-5/>\" according to the condition of "
+"your mailbox."
+msgstr ""
+"Nach einer erfolgreichen Anmeldung werden Ihnen Systemmeldungen präsentiert, "
+"sowie das Vorhandensein von Mails angezeigt. Die Anzeige der systemweiten "
+"Nachrichtendatei <filename>/etc/motd</filename> kann abgeschaltet werden, "
+"indem im Anmeldeverzeichnis eine leere Datei <filename>.hushlogin</filename> "
+"angelegt wird. Je nach Zustand der Mailbox des Benutzers ist die "
+"Mailnachricht entweder »<emphasis>Sie haben neue Mails.</emphasis>«, "
+"»<emphasis>Sie haben Mails.</emphasis>« oder »<emphasis>Keine Mails.</"
+"emphasis>«."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 passwd.5.xml.out:126 su.1.xml.out:247
+msgid "$HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 passwd.5.xml.out:133 su.1.xml.out:179 su.1.xml.out:199
+#: su.1.xml.out:247
+msgid "$SHELL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#. (itstool) path: term/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 su.1.xml.out:105 su.1.xml.out:215 su.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "$PATH"
+msgstr "$PATH"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:147 su.1.xml.out:248
+msgid "$LOGNAME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:147 su.1.xml.out:275
+msgid "$MAIL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:143
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the "
+#| "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file. The value for <envar>$HOME</"
+#| "envar>, <envar>$SHELL</envar>, <envar>$PATH</envar>, <envar>$LOGNAME</"
+#| "envar>, and <envar>$MAIL</envar> are set according to the appropriate "
+#| "fields in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be "
+#| "set according to entries in the GECOS field."
+msgid ""
+"Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the <_:"
+"filename-1/> file. The value for <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, "
+"<_:envar-5/>, and <_:envar-6/> are set according to the appropriate fields "
+"in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set "
+"according to entries in the GECOS field."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Benutzer- und Gruppen-IDs werden gemäß den Werten in <filename>/etc/"
+"passwd</filename> gesetzt. Die Werte für <envar>$HOME</envar>, "
+"<envar>$SHELL</envar>, <envar>$PATH</envar>, <envar>$LOGNAME</envar> und "
+"<envar>$MAIL</envar> werden ebenfalls entsprechend den Feldern im "
+"Passworteintrag gesetzt. Werte für ulimit, umask und nice können ebenfalls "
+"gemäß den Werten im GECOS-Feld gesetzt werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:154 su.1.xml.out:264
+msgid "$TERM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:155 login.1.xml.out:353
+msgid "/etc/ttytype"
+msgstr "/etc/ttytype"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "On some installations, the environmental variable <envar>$TERM</envar> "
+#| "will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified "
+#| "in <filename>/etc/ttytype</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"On some installations, the environmental variable <_:envar-1/> will be "
+"initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in <_:"
+"filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Bei einigen Installationen wird anfänglich die Umgebungsvariable "
+"<envar>$TERM</envar> entsprechend dem Terminaltyp Ihrer tty-Zeile, wie sie "
+"in <filename>/etc/ttytype</filename> angegeben ist, gesetzt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"An initialization script for your command interpreter may also be executed. "
+"Please see the appropriate manual section for more information on this "
+"function."
+msgstr ""
+"Ein  Startskript für Ihren Befehlsinterpreter kann auch ausgeführt werden. "
+"Sehen Sie bitte in den entsprechenden Handbuchseiten für weitere "
+"Informationen darüber nach."
+
+# SB: Not quite sure what subsystem logins are.
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:164 su.1.xml.out:112
+msgid ""
+"A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a \"*\" as the first "
+"character of the login shell. The given home directory will be used as the "
+"root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into."
+msgstr ""
+"Eine Subsystem-Anmeldung wird durch einen »*« als erstes Zeichen der Anmelde-"
+"Shell gekennzeichnet. Das angegebene Home-Verzeichnis wird als Wurzel für "
+"das Dateisystem verwendet, auf welchem der Benutzer tatsächlich angemeldet "
+"ist."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:173 login.1.xml.out:249 login.1.xml.out:401
+msgid "getty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:175 login.1.xml.out:251
+msgid "init"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:178 login.1.xml.out:254
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:170 login.1.xml.out:246
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>login</command> program is NOT responsible for removing "
+#| "users from the utmp file. It is the responsibility of "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to clean up "
+#| "apparent ownership of a terminal session. If you use <command>login</"
+#| "command> from the shell prompt without <command>exec</command>, the user "
+#| "you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of "
+#| "the \"subsession\"."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program is NOT responsible for removing users from the "
+"utmp file. It is the responsibility of <_:citerefentry-2/> and <_:"
+"citerefentry-3/> to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session. If "
+"you use <_:command-4/> from the shell prompt without <_:command-5/>, the "
+"user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out "
+"of the \"subsession\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Es liegt NICHT in der Verantwortung von <command>login</command>, Benutzer "
+"aus der utmp-Datei zu entfernen. Sowohl <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> als auch "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry> sind dafür zuständig, die offenkundige Eigentümerstellung "
+"einer Terminalsitzung aufzuräumen. Falls Sie <command>login</command> von "
+"der Shell ohne <command>exec</command> verwenden, wird der Benutzer, den Sie "
+"verwenden, weiterhin als angemeldet erscheinen, obwohl Sie die "
+"»untergeordnete Sitzung« beendet haben."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:193
+msgid "Do not perform authentication, user is preauthenticated."
+msgstr "Keine Authentifizierung durchführen, Benutzer ist bereits angemeldet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:196
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: In that case, <replaceable>username</replaceable> is mandatory."
+msgid "Note: In that case, <_:replaceable-1/> is mandatory."
+msgstr ""
+"Hinweis: In diesem Fall muss <replaceable>Benutzername</replaceable> "
+"angegeben werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:207
+msgid "Name of the remote host for this login."
+msgstr "Name des entfernt stehenden Rechners für die Anmeldung"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:215
+msgid "Preserve environment."
+msgstr "behält die Umgebungseinstellungen bei"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:223
+msgid "Perform autologin protocol for rlogin."
+msgstr "führt das Autologin-Protokoll für rlogin aus"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:228
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> and <option>-f</option> "
+#| "options are only used when <command>login</command> is invoked by root."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> options are only used "
+"when <_:command-4/> is invoked by root."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen <option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> und <option>-f</"
+"option> können nur verwendet werden, wenn <command>login</command> von Root "
+"ausgeführt wird."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:237 su.1.xml.out:307
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This version of <command>su</command> has many compilation options, only "
+#| "some of which may be in use at any particular site."
+msgid ""
+"This version of <_:command-1/> has many compilation options, only some of "
+"which may be in use at any particular site."
+msgstr ""
+"Diese Version von <command>su</command> hat viele Kompilierungsoptionen. "
+"Deren Nützlichkeit hängt von den Anforderungen der jeweiligen Umgebung ab."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:242
+msgid ""
+"The location of files is subject to differences in system configuration."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Ort der Konfigurationsdateien kann je nach Konfiguration des Systems "
+"unterschiedlich sein."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:258
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As with any program, <command>login</command>'s appearance can be faked. "
+#| "If non-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could "
+#| "use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front "
+#| "of the machine. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to "
+#| "initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack."
+msgid ""
+"As with any program, <_:command-1/>'s appearance can be faked. If non-"
+"trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this "
+"to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the "
+"machine. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a "
+"trusted path and prevent this kind of attack."
+msgstr ""
+"Wie bei jedem anderen Programm kann auch das Erscheinungsbild von "
+"<command>login</command> vorgespiegelt werden. Falls unseriöse Benutzer "
+"physischen Zugriff auf den Rechner haben, kann dies von einem Angreifer "
+"verwendet werden, um das Passwort der Person zu erhalten, die sich als "
+"nächste vor den Rechner setzt. In Linux können Benutzer den SAK-Mechanismus "
+"verwenden, um einen vertrauenswürdigen Pfad zu erstellen und somit diesem "
+"Angriff zu entgehen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:317 logoutd.8.xml.out:56 logoutd.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "/var/run/utmp"
+msgstr "/var/run/utmp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:319 logoutd.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "List of current login sessions."
+msgstr "Liste der aktuellen angemeldeten Sitzungen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:323
+msgid "/var/log/wtmp"
+msgstr "/var/log/wtmp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:325
+msgid "List of previous login sessions."
+msgstr "Liste der vorangegangenen angemeldeten Sitzungen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:343
+msgid "System message of the day file."
+msgstr "Datei mit der Systemmeldung des Tages"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:347
+msgid "/etc/nologin"
+msgstr "/etc/nologin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:349
+msgid "Prevent non-root users from logging in."
+msgstr "verhindert, dass sich Benutzer außer Root anmelden"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:355
+msgid "List of terminal types."
+msgstr "Liste der Terminaltypen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:359
+msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+msgstr "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:361
+msgid "Suppress printing of system messages."
+msgstr "unterdrückt die Ausgabe von Systemnachrichten"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:377
+msgid "mail"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:383 su.1.xml.out:424
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "chsh"
+msgid "sh"
+msgstr "chsh"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:386 login.defs.5.xml.out:436 login.defs.5.xml.out:520
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:536 newgrp.1.xml.out:136 passwd.5.xml.out:197
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:283 sg.1.xml.out:128 su.1.xml.out:50 su.1.xml.out:57
+#: su.1.xml.out:62 su.1.xml.out:81 su.1.xml.out:83 su.1.xml.out:121
+#: su.1.xml.out:201 su.1.xml.out:239 su.1.xml.out:308 su.1.xml.out:368
+#: su.1.xml.out:372 su.1.xml.out:377 su.1.xml.out:381 suauth.5.xml.out:201
+msgid "su"
+msgstr "su"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:392 nologin.8.xml.out:22 nologin.8.xml.out:29
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:35 nologin.8.xml.out:42 nologin.8.xml.out:48
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:63 nologin.8.xml.out:71
+msgid "nologin"
+msgstr "nologin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:398
+msgid "securetty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:16 pwconv.8.xml.out:21 suauth.5.xml.out:15
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:17
+msgid "Marek"
+msgstr "Marek"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:17 pwconv.8.xml.out:22 suauth.5.xml.out:16
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:18
+msgid "Michałkiewicz"
+msgstr "Michałkiewicz"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:34 login.access.5.xml.out:41
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:48 login.access.5.xml.out:54
+msgid "login.access"
+msgstr "login.access"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:42
+msgid "login access control table"
+msgstr "Tabelle für die Zugangskontrolle zur Anmeldung"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:47
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis remap=\"I\">login.access</emphasis> file specifies (user, "
+#| "host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will "
+#| "be either accepted or refused."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, "
+"tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Datei <emphasis remap=\"I\">login.access</emphasis> legt Kombinationen "
+"von (Benutzer, Rechner) und (Benutzer, tty) fest, für die eine Anmeldung "
+"erlaubt oder abgelehnt wird."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:53
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When someone logs in, the <emphasis remap=\"I\">login.access</emphasis> "
+#| "is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, "
+#| "or, in case of non-networked logins, the first entry that matches the "
+#| "(user, tty) combination. The permissions field of that table entry "
+#| "determines whether the login will be accepted or refused."
+msgid ""
+"When someone logs in, the <_:emphasis-1/> is scanned for the first entry "
+"that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non-networked "
+"logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination. The "
+"permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be "
+"accepted or refused."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn sich jemand anmeldet, wird <emphasis remap=\"I\">login.access</"
+"emphasis> nach dem ersten Eintrag durchsucht, auf den die Kombination von "
+"(Benutzer, Rechner) oder, bei lokalen Anmeldungen, von (Benutzer, tty) "
+"zutrifft. Das Feld für die Erlaubnis bestimmt, ob die Anmeldung zugelassen "
+"oder abgelehnt wird."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"Each line of the login access control table has three fields separated by a "
+"\":\" character:"
+msgstr ""
+"Jede Zeile der Tabelle für die Zugangskontrolle enthält drei Felder, die "
+"jeweils durch einen Doppelpunkt »:« getrennt sind:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "permission denied"
+msgid "permission"
+msgstr "Berechtigung verweigert"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "users"
+msgstr "Benutzer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+msgid "origins"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>:<_:emphasis-3/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:71
+msgid "+"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:74 login.access.5.xml.out:78 suauth.5.xml.out:78
+msgid "ALL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/literal
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:76 login.access.5.xml.out:77
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:80
+msgid "."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "LOCAL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The first field should be a \"<emphasis>+</emphasis>\" (access granted) "
+#| "or \"<emphasis>-</emphasis>\" (access denied) character. The second field "
+#| "should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or "
+#| "<emphasis>ALL</emphasis> (always matches). The third field should be a "
+#| "list of one or more tty names (for non-networked logins), host names, "
+#| "domain names (begin with \"<literal>.</literal>\"), host addresses, "
+#| "internet network numbers (end with \"<literal>.</literal>\"), "
+#| "<emphasis>ALL</emphasis> (always matches) or <emphasis>LOCAL</emphasis> "
+#| "(matches any string that does not contain a \"<literal>.</literal>\" "
+#| "character). If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user "
+#| "patterns."
+msgid ""
+"The first field should be a \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" (access granted) or \"<_:"
+"emphasis-2/>\" (access denied) character. The second field should be a list "
+"of one or more login names, group names, or <_:emphasis-3/> (always "
+"matches). The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non-"
+"networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with \"<_:literal-4/>\"), "
+"host addresses, internet network numbers (end with \"<_:literal-5/>\"), <_:"
+"emphasis-6/> (always matches) or <_:emphasis-7/> (matches any string that "
+"does not contain a \"<_:literal-8/>\" character). If you run NIS you can use "
+"@netgroupname in host or user patterns."
+msgstr ""
+"Das erste Feld kann das Zeichen »<emphasis>+</emphasis>« (Zugriff erlaubt) "
+"oder »<emphasis>-</emphasis>« (Zugriff verweigert) sein. Das zweite Feld "
+"kann eine Liste von einem oder mehreren Anmeldenamen, Gruppennamen oder "
+"<emphasis>ALL<emphasis> (trifft immer zu) sein. Das dritte Feld kann eine "
+"Liste von einem oder mehreren tty-Namen (für lokale Anmeldungen), Rechner-"
+"Namen, Domain-Namen (beginnen mit einem »<literal>.</literal>«), Rechner-"
+"Adressen, Internet-Netzwerk-Nummern (enden mit einem »<literal>.</"
+"literal>«), <emphasis>ALL</emphasis> (trifft immer zu) oder <emphasis>LOCAL</"
+"emphasis> (trifft auf alle Zeichenketten zu, die keinen »<literal>.</"
+"literal>« enthalten). Falls Sie NIS einsetzen, können Sie in den Rechner- "
+"und Benutzerangaben auch @netgroupname verwenden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "EXCEPT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:84
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis>EXCEPT</emphasis> operator makes it possible to write very "
+#| "compact rules."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> operator makes it possible to write very compact rules."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Operator <emphasis>EXCEPT</emphasis> ermöglicht es, sehr kurze Regeln zu "
+"schreiben."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:89
+msgid ""
+"The group file is searched only when a name does not match that of the "
+"logged-in user. Only groups are matched in which users are explicitly "
+"listed: the program does not look at a user's primary group id value."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Gruppendatei wird nur durchsucht, wenn ein Name nicht mit dem des "
+"angemeldeten Benutzers übereinstimmt. Eine Übereinstimmung mit Gruppen wird "
+"nur festgestellt, wenn darin der Benutzer ausdrücklich aufgeführt ist. Das "
+"Programm beachtet also nicht den Wert der Hauptgruppe des Benutzers."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:110 porttime.5.xml.out:119 suauth.5.xml.out:199
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "shadow password suite configuration"
+msgstr "Konfiguration der Werkzeugsammlung für Shadow-Passwörter"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:115
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> file defines the site-specific "
+#| "configuration for the shadow password suite. This file is required. "
+#| "Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably "
+#| "result in undesirable operation."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:filename-1/> file defines the site-specific configuration for the "
+"shadow password suite. This file is required. Absence of this file will not "
+"prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Datei <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> legt die systemspezifische "
+"Konfiguration der Werkzeugsammlung für Shadow-Passwörter fest. Diese Datei "
+"muss vorhanden sein. Wenn sie fehlt, wird das System zwar laufen, es können "
+"aber unerwünschte Ergebnisse auftauchen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:122
+msgid ""
+"This file is a readable text file, each line of the file describing one "
+"configuration parameter. The lines consist of a configuration name and "
+"value, separated by whitespace. Blank lines and comment lines are ignored. "
+"Comments are introduced with a \"#\" pound sign and the pound sign must be "
+"the first non-white character of the line."
+msgstr ""
+"Diese Datei ist eine lesbare Textdatei. Jede Zeile der Datei beschreibt "
+"einen Konfigurationsparameter. Eine Zeile besteht aus einem "
+"Konfigurationsnamen und einem Wert, die durch ein Leerzeichen getrennt sind. "
+"Leer- und Kommentarzeilen werden nicht beachtet. Kommentare werden mit dem "
+"Rautezeichen »#« eingeleitet. Die Raute muss das erste nicht leere Zeichen "
+"der Zeile sein."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:133 useradd.8.xml.out:242 useradd.8.xml.out:380
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:87 userdel.8.xml.out:297
+msgid "yes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:140
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "0"
+msgid "0x"
+msgstr "0"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:130
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and "
+#| "long numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters. A "
+#| "boolean should be either the value <replaceable>yes</replaceable> or "
+#| "<replaceable>no</replaceable>. An undefined boolean parameter or one with "
+#| "a value other than these will be given a <replaceable>no</replaceable> "
+#| "value. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, "
+#| "octal values (precede the value with <replaceable>0</replaceable>) or "
+#| "hexadecimal values (precede the value with <replaceable>0x</"
+#| "replaceable>). The maximum value of the regular and long numeric "
+#| "parameters is machine-dependent."
+msgid ""
+"Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long "
+"numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters. A boolean should "
+"be either the value <_:replaceable-1/> or <_:replaceable-2/>. An undefined "
+"boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a <_:"
+"replaceable-3/> value. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal "
+"values, octal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-4/>) or "
+"hexadecimal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-5/>). The maximum "
+"value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine-dependent."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Parameterwerte können aus vier Typen bestehen: Zeichenketten, Boolesch, "
+"Zahlen und lange Zahlen. Eine Zeichenkette kann aus jedem druckbaren Zeichen "
+"bestehen. Ein Boolesch sollte »yes« oder »no« sein. Einem anderen oder "
+"undefinierten Parameter für Boolesch wird der Wert »no« zugewiesen. Normale "
+"und lange Zahlen können aus Dezimalzahlen, Oktalzahlen (beginnen mit »0«) "
+"oder Hexadezimalzahlen (beginnen mit »0x«) bestehen. Die maximale Größe der "
+"Parameter normaler und langer Zahlen ist systemabhängig."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:145
+msgid "The following configuration items are provided:"
+msgstr "Die folgenden Konfigurationsmöglichkeiten sind vorhanden:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:193 pwconv.8.xml.out:146 useradd.8.xml.out:309
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:314
+msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:193 pwconv.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "PASS_MIN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:194 pwconv.8.xml.out:147
+msgid "PASS_WARN_AGE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: variablelist/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:192
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option>, <option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> and "
+#| "<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> are only used at the time of account "
+#| "creation. Any changes to these settings won't affect existing accounts."
+msgid ""
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> are only used at the time of "
+"account creation. Any changes to these settings won't affect existing "
+"accounts."
+msgstr ""
+"<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option>, <option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> und "
+"<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> werden nur bei der Erstellung eines Kontos "
+"verwendet. Spätere Änderungen dieser Werte berühren bestehende Konten nicht."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:225
+msgid "CROSS REFERENCES"
+msgstr "QUERVERWEISE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:226
+msgid ""
+"The following cross references show which programs in the shadow password "
+"suite use which parameters."
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden Querverweise zeigen, welche Programme aus der Shadow-Passwort-"
+"Werkzeugsammlung welche Parameter verwenden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:235 login.defs.5.xml.out:423 login.defs.5.xml.out:431
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:503 pwck.8.xml.out:75 pwck.8.xml.out:216
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:232 pwconv.8.xml.out:89 pwconv.8.xml.out:91
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:94 pwconv.8.xml.out:105 pwconv.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "USE_TCB"
+msgstr "USE_TCB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:242
+msgid "CHFN_AUTH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:244 login.defs.5.xml.out:359
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+msgid "LOGIN_STRING"
+msgstr "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:241
+msgid "<_:phrase-1/> CHFN_RESTRICT <_:phrase-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:253 login.defs.5.xml.out:264 login.defs.5.xml.out:284
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:388 login.defs.5.xml.out:404
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgstr "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:251 login.defs.5.xml.out:282
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <phrase "
+"condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:262
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgstr "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:272
+msgid "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+msgstr "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:292
+msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN"
+msgstr "GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:301 login.defs.5.xml.out:307 login.defs.5.xml.out:313
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:320 login.defs.5.xml.out:326 login.defs.5.xml.out:332
+msgid "MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP"
+msgstr "MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:330 pwconv.8.xml.out:49 pwconv.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:119 pwconv.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:167
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "grpunconv"
+msgstr "grpunconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:339
+msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:346 login.defs.5.xml.out:439
+msgid "CONSOLE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:348
+msgid "ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:351
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+msgid "FAILLOG_ENAB"
+msgstr "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:353
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "FILE"
+msgid "FTMP_FILE"
+msgstr "DATEIEN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:355
+msgid "ISSUE_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:357
+msgid "LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:361
+msgid ""
+"MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE "
+"PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:365
+msgid "ULIMIT UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:345
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY "
+"<_:phrase-3/> FAKE_SHELL <_:phrase-4/> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <_:phrase-5/> KILLCHAR "
+"<_:phrase-6/> LOGIN_RETRIES <_:phrase-7/> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+"LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <_:phrase-8/> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <_:phrase-9/> "
+"USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:372
+msgid "newgrp / sg"
+msgstr "newgrp / sg"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:374
+msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+msgstr "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:382
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
+#| "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</"
+#| "phrase> SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN "
+#| "UMASK"
+msgid ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
+"HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/> "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
+"PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+"condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase> "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:401
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
+#| "PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
+msgid ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
+"PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
+"PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <phrase "
+"condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:414
+msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:412 login.defs.5.xml.out:421
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\">USE_TCB</phrase>"
+msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase condition=\"tcb\">USE_TCB</"
+"phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:419 passwd.5.xml.out:188 pwconv.8.xml.out:39
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:46 pwconv.8.xml.out:55 pwconv.8.xml.out:83
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:88 pwconv.8.xml.out:90 pwconv.8.xml.out:134
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:144 pwconv.8.xml.out:165 pwconv.8.xml.out:216
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:277
+msgid "pwconv"
+msgstr "pwconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:428 passwd.5.xml.out:191 pwconv.8.xml.out:47
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:61 pwconv.8.xml.out:98 pwconv.8.xml.out:104
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:109 pwconv.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:157
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:166 shadow.5.xml.out:280
+msgid "pwunconv"
+msgstr "pwunconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:441
+msgid "ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:443
+msgid "ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:446
+msgid "SU_WHEEL_ONLY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:438
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH "
+"<_:phrase-3/> SULOG_FILE SU_NAME <_:phrase-4/> SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <_:phrase-5/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:453 passwd.5.xml.out:200 shadow.5.xml.out:286
+msgid "sulogin"
+msgstr "sulogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:457 su.1.xml.out:278
+msgid "ENV_TZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:455
+msgid "ENV_HZ <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:475
+msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:464
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS "
+#| "PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX "
+#| "SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB</phrase>"
+msgid ""
+"CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR "
+"MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <_:"
+"phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS "
+"PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN "
+"UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <phrase condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK "
+"USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:485 login.defs.5.xml.out:495
+msgid "TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:482
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB "
+#| "<phrase condition=\"tcb\">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+msgid ""
+"MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB <_:"
+"phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB <phrase "
+"condition=\"tcb\">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:492
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <phrase "
+"condition=\"tcb\">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:500 vipw.8.xml.out:35 vipw.8.xml.out:42
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:51 vipw.8.xml.out:67 vipw.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "vipw"
+msgstr "vipw"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:511 pwconv.8.xml.out:193 suauth.5.xml.out:179
+msgid "BUGS"
+msgstr "FEHLER"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:512
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow password "
+#| "suite is now handled by PAM. Thus, <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+#| "is no longer used by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, or less used by "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Please refer to "
+#| "the corresponding PAM configuration files instead."
+msgid ""
+"Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow password "
+"suite is now handled by PAM. Thus, <_:filename-1/> is no longer used by <_:"
+"citerefentry-2/>, or less used by <_:citerefentry-3/>, and <_:citerefentry-4/"
+">. Please refer to the corresponding PAM configuration files instead."
+msgstr ""
+"Ein Großteil der Funktionen, die früher einmal durch die Shadow-Passwort-"
+"Werkzeugsammlung angeboten wurden, wird heute durch PAM zur Verfügung "
+"gestellt. Daher wird <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> nicht länger von "
+"Programmen wie <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> ausgewertet und von "
+"Programmen wie <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> oder "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry> nur noch in geringem Umfang beachtet. Sie sollten daher für "
+"eine entsprechende Konfiguration in den Dateien von PAM nachsehen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:545
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "pw_name"
+msgid "pam"
+msgstr "pw_Name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:528
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:33 logoutd.8.xml.out:40 logoutd.8.xml.out:46
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:53 logoutd.8.xml.out:55
+msgid "logoutd"
+msgstr "logoutd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "enforce login time restrictions"
+msgstr "richtet Beschränkung von Anmeldezeiten ein"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:54 logoutd.8.xml.out:60 logoutd.8.xml.out:68
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:87 porttime.5.xml.out:109
+msgid "/etc/porttime"
+msgstr "/etc/porttime"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:56
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/group"
+msgid "/etc/rc"
+msgstr "/etc/group"
+
+# SB: /etc/rc is not in Debian. Probably doesn't matter, since logoutd is not in Debian either.
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:52
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>logoutd</command> enforces the login time and port restrictions "
+#| "specified in <filename>/etc/porttime</filename>. <command>logoutd</"
+#| "command> should be started from <filename>/etc/rc</filename>. The "
+#| "<filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> file is scanned periodically and each "
+#| "user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named "
+#| "port at the current time. Any login session which is violating the "
+#| "restrictions in <filename>/etc/porttime</filename> is terminated."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in <_:"
+"filename-2/>. <_:command-3/> should be started from <_:filename-4/>. The <_:"
+"filename-5/> file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to "
+"see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time. "
+"Any login session which is violating the restrictions in <_:filename-6/> is "
+"terminated."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>logoutd</command> setzt die Anmeldezeiten und Portbeschränkungen "
+"aus <filename>/etc/porttime</filename> um. <command>logoutd</command> sollte "
+"aus <filename>/etc/rc</filename> gestartet werden. Die Datei <filename>/var/"
+"run/utmp</filename> wird regelmäßig abgerufen, wobei jeder Benutzername "
+"darauf überprüft wird, ob er für den jeweiligen Port zur jeweiligen Zeit "
+"zugelassen ist. Alle angemeldeten Sitzungen, die gegen die Beschränkungen in "
+"<filename>/etc/porttime</filename> verstoßen, werden beendet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:70 porttime.5.xml.out:111
+msgid "File containing port access."
+msgstr "Datei, die den Port-Zugriff enthält."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "log in to a new group"
+msgstr "als neue Gruppe anmelden"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:54
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>newgrp</command> command is used to change the current group "
+#| "ID during a login session. If the optional <option>-</option> flag is "
+#| "given, the user's environment will be reinitialized as though the user "
+#| "had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current "
+#| "working directory, remains unchanged."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to change the current group ID during a "
+"login session. If the optional <_:option-2/> flag is given, the user's "
+"environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, "
+"otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, "
+"remains unchanged."
+msgstr ""
+"Mit dem Befehl <command>newgrp</command> kann während einer angemeldeten "
+"Sitzung die aktuelle Gruppen-ID geändert werden. Wenn zusätzlich der "
+"Schalter <option>-</option> angegeben wird, wird die Benutzerumgebung neu "
+"gestartet, so als ob sich der Benutzer neu angemeldet hätte. Anderenfalls "
+"bleibt die aktuelle Umgebung einschließlich des aktuellen "
+"Arbeitsverzeichnisses unverändert."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:62
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>newgrp</command> changes the current real group ID to the named "
+#| "group, or to the default group listed in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> "
+#| "if no group name is given. <command>newgrp</command> also tries to add "
+#| "the group to the user groupset. If not root, the user will be prompted "
+#| "for a password if she does not have a password (in <filename>/etc/shadow</"
+#| "filename> if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> otherwise) and the group does, or if the "
+#| "user is not listed as a member and the group has a password. The user "
+#| "will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not "
+#| "listed as a member."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to "
+"the default group listed in <_:filename-2/> if no group name is given. <_:"
+"command-3/> also tries to add the group to the user groupset. If not root, "
+"the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in "
+"<_:filename-4/> if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or "
+"in <_:filename-5/> otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not "
+"listed as a member and the group has a password. The user will be denied "
+"access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>newgrp</command> wechselt von der aktuellen echten Gruppen-ID zu "
+"der angegeben Gruppe oder, falls kein Gruppenname angegeben wird, zu der "
+"Standardgruppe, wie sie in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> festgelegt ist. "
+"Zudem versucht <command>newgrp</command>, die Gruppe der Gruppensammlung des "
+"Benutzers hinzuzufügen. Wenn der Benutzer nicht Root ist und die Gruppe ein "
+"Passwort hat und der Benutzer nicht Mitglied der Gruppe ist oder kein "
+"Passwort hat (in <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>, falls er einen Eintrag in "
+"der Shadow-Passwort-Datei hat, anderenfalls in <filename>/etc/passwd</"
+"filename>), wird er nach einem Passwort gefragt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:76
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If there is an entry for this group in <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, "
+#| "then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken "
+#| "from this file, otherwise, the entry in <filename>/etc/group</filename> "
+#| "is considered."
+msgid ""
+"If there is an entry for this group in <_:filename-1/>, then the list of "
+"members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, "
+"otherwise, the entry in <_:filename-2/> is considered."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn sich in <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> ein Eintrag für diese Gruppe "
+"befindet, wird die Mitgliederliste und das Passwort der Gruppe dieser Datei "
+"entnommen. Anderenfalls wird der Eintrag in <filename>/etc/group</filename> "
+"ausgewertet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:130 sg.1.xml.out:119
+msgid "id"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "update and create new users in batch"
+msgstr "erstellt oder aktualisiert mehrere neue Benutzer am Stück"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>newusers</command> command reads a <replaceable>file</"
+#| "replaceable> (or the standard input by default) and uses this information "
+#| "to update a set of existing users or to create new users. Each line is in "
+#| "the same format as the standard password file (see "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>) with the exceptions explained below:"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a <_:replaceable-2/> (or the standard input "
+"by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or "
+"to create new users. Each line is in the same format as the standard "
+"password file (see <_:citerefentry-3/>) with the exceptions explained below:"
+msgstr ""
+"Der Befehl <command>newusers</command> verwendet eine <replaceable>Datei</"
+"replaceable> (oder standardmäßig die Standardeingabe) und aktualisiert damit "
+"eine Gruppe bestehender Benutzer oder erstellt damit neue Benutzer. Jede "
+"Zeile hat dasselbe Format wie die übliche Passwortdatei (vergleiche "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>) mit den unten aufgeführten Ausnahmen:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell"
+msgstr "pw_Name:pw_Passwort:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_Verz:pw_shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:87
+msgid "pw_name"
+msgstr "pw_Name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:90
+msgid "This is the name of the user."
+msgstr "Dies ist der Name des Benutzers."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:93
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or an "
+#| "user created before by <command>newusers</command>). In case of an "
+#| "existing user, the user's information will be changed, otherwise a new "
+#| "user will be created."
+msgid ""
+"It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>). In case of an existing user, the user's "
+"information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Es kann sich dabei um den Namen eines neuen oder eines existierenden "
+"Benutzer (oder eines, der zuvor mit <command>newusers</command> erstellt "
+"wurde) handeln. Für den Fall, dass der Benutzer bereits vorhanden ist, "
+"werden seine Daten verändert, anderenfalls wird ein neuer Benutzer erstellt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "pw_passwd"
+msgstr "pw_Passwort"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:107
+msgid ""
+"This field will be encrypted and used as the new value of the encrypted "
+"password."
+msgstr ""
+"Dieses Feld wird verschlüsselt und als neuer Wert für das verschlüsselte "
+"Passwort verwendet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "pw_uid"
+msgstr "pw_uid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "This field is used to define the UID of the user."
+msgstr "Mit diesem Feld wird die UID des Benutzers bestimmt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:121
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the field is empty, an new (unused) UID will be defined automatically "
+#| "by <command>newusers</command>."
+msgid ""
+"If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by "
+"<_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn dieses Feld leer ist, wird von <command>newusers</command> automatisch "
+"eine neue (noch freie) UID gewählt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "If this field contains a number, this number will be used as the UID."
+msgstr "Wenn dieses Feld eine Zahl enthält, wird sie als UID verwendet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of an "
+#| "user created before by <command>newusers</command>), the UID of the "
+#| "specified user will be used."
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>), the UID of the specified user will be "
+"used."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn dieses Feld den Namen eines existierenden Benutzers enthält (oder eines "
+"Benutzers, der zuvor mit <command>newusers</command> erstellt wurde), wird "
+"die UID des angegebenen Benutzers verwendet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"If the UID of an existing user is changed, the files ownership of the user's "
+"file should be fixed manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Falls die UID eines bestehenden Benutzers verändert wird, muss der "
+"Eigentümer der Dateien des Benutzers per Hand angepasst werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:143
+msgid "pw_gid"
+msgstr "pw_gid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "This field is used to define the primary group ID for the user."
+msgstr "Mit diesem Feld wird die ID der Hauptgruppe des Benutzers definiert."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:149
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created "
+#| "before by <command>newusers</command>), the GID of this group will be "
+#| "used as the primary group ID for the user."
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created "
+"before by <_:command-1/>), the GID of this group will be used as the primary "
+"group ID for the user."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn dieses Feld den Namen einer existierenden Gruppe enthält (oder einer "
+"Gruppe, die zuvor mit <command>newusers</command> erstellt wurde), wird die "
+"GID dieser Gruppe als ID der Hauptgruppe des  Benutzers verwendet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:155
+msgid ""
+"If this field is a number, this number will be used as the primary group ID "
+"of the user. If no groups exist with this GID, a new group will be created "
+"with this GID, and the name of the user."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn dieses Feld eine Zahl enthält, wird sie als ID der Hauptgruppe des "
+"Benutzers verwendet. Falls eine Gruppe mit dieser GID nicht existiert, wird "
+"eine neue Gruppe mit dieser GID unter dem Namen des Benutzers erstellt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:161
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the "
+#| "user and a GID will be automatically defined by <command>newusers</"
+#| "command> to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID "
+#| "for the new group."
+msgid ""
+"If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the "
+"user and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-1/> to be used as "
+"the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn dieses Feld leer ist, wird eine neue Gruppe unter dem Namen des "
+"Benutzers erstellt und von <command>newusers</command> automatisch eine neue "
+"GID gewählt, die als ID der Hauptgruppe des Benutzers und als GID für die "
+"neue Gruppe dient."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:167
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was "
+#| "not created before by <command>newusers</command>), a new group will be "
+#| "created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined "
+#| "by <command>newusers</command> to be used as the primary group ID for the "
+#| "user and GID for the new group."
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>), a new group will be created with the "
+"specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-2/> to "
+"be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn dieses Feld den Namen einer Gruppe enthält, die nicht vorhanden ist "
+"(und nicht zuvor von <command>newusers</command> erstellt wurde), wird eine "
+"neue Gruppe unter dem angegebenen Namen erstellt und von <command>newusers</"
+"command> automatisch eine neue GID gewählt, die als ID der Hauptgruppe des "
+"Benutzers und als GID für die neue Gruppe dient."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:179
+msgid "pw_gecos"
+msgstr "pw_gecos"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:182
+msgid "This field is copied in the GECOS field of the user."
+msgstr "Dieses Feld wird in das GECOS-Feld des Benutzers kopiert."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "pw_dir"
+msgstr "pw_Verz"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:192
+msgid "This field is used to define the home directory of the user."
+msgstr "Mit diesem Feld wird das Home-Verzeichnis des Benutzers definiert."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "newusers does not create parent directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified "
+"directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or "
+"updated and its primary group. Note that <_:emphasis-1/> of the new user's "
+"home directory. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory "
+"if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr "
+"informing the user of the failure. The newusers command will not halt or "
+"return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home "
+"directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:208
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the home directory of an existing user is changed, <command>newusers</"
+#| "command> does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the "
+#| "new location. This should be done manually."
+msgid ""
+"If the home directory of an existing user is changed, <_:command-1/> does "
+"not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location. This "
+"should be done manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn das Home-Verzeichnis eines vorhandenen Benutzers geändert wird, "
+"verschiebt oder kopiert <command>newusers</command> nicht den Inhalt des "
+"alten Verzeichnisses in das neue. Dies muss von Hand erledigt werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:218
+msgid "pw_shell"
+msgstr "pw_shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:221
+msgid ""
+"This field defines the shell of the user. No checks are performed on this "
+"field."
+msgstr ""
+"Mit diesem Feld wird die Shell des Benutzers definiert. Diese Eingabe wird "
+"nicht überprüft."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:229
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>newusers</command> first tries to create or change all the "
+#| "specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group "
+#| "databases. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the "
+#| "databases), no changes are committed to the databases."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> first tries to create or change all the specified users, and "
+"then write these changes to the user or group databases. If an error occurs "
+"(except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to "
+"the databases."
+msgstr ""
+"Zuerst erstellt und ändert <command>newusers</command> die angegebenen "
+"Benutzer und schreibt die Änderungen in die Benutzer- oder Gruppendatenbank. "
+"Falls ein Fehler auftritt (außer beim Schreiben in die Datenbanken), werden "
+"in den Datenbanken keine Änderungen vorgenommen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:235
+msgid ""
+"During this first pass, users are created with a locked password (and "
+"passwords are not changed for the users which are not created). A second "
+"pass is used to update the passwords using PAM. Failures to update a "
+"password are reported, but will not stop the other password updates."
+msgstr ""
+"Im ersten Durchlauf werden Benutzer mit einem gesperrten Passwort erstellt; "
+"Passwörter von bereits vorhandenen Benutzern werden in diesem Stadium nicht "
+"verändert. Im zweiten Durchlauf werden die Passwörter mit PAM aktualisiert. "
+"Sofern dabei ein Fehler auftritt, wird dieser angezeigt, die Aktualisierung "
+"der übrigen Passwörter aber fortgesetzt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:243
+msgid ""
+"This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many "
+"accounts are updated at a single time."
+msgstr ""
+"Dieser Befehl ist für den Einsatz in einer Umgebung mit zahlreichen Systemen "
+"vorgesehen, in der viele Konten gleichzeitig aktualisiert werden müssen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:257 pwck.8.xml.out:164 useradd.8.xml.out:108
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:89
+msgid "--badname"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:260 pwck.8.xml.out:167 useradd.8.xml.out:111
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "Allow names that do not conform to standards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:290 useradd.8.xml.out:459
+msgid "Create a system account."
+msgstr "erstellt ein Systemkonto"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:297 useradd.8.xml.out:466 usermod.8.xml.out:398
+msgid "SYS_UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:297 useradd.8.xml.out:466 usermod.8.xml.out:398
+msgid "SYS_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:308 useradd.8.xml.out:319
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:468 useradd.8.xml.out:538 usermod.8.xml.out:397
+msgid "UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:308 useradd.8.xml.out:321
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:468 useradd.8.xml.out:543 usermod.8.xml.out:397
+msgid "UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:293 useradd.8.xml.out:462
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "System users will be created with no aging information in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "shadow</filename>, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the "
+#| "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> range, defined "
+#| "in <filename>login.defs</filename>, instead of <option>UID_MIN</option>-"
+#| "<option>UID_MAX</option> (and their <option>GID</option> counterparts for "
+#| "the creation of groups)."
+msgid ""
+"System users will be created with no aging information in <_:filename-1/>, "
+"and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the <_:option-2/>-<_:option-3/> "
+"range, defined in <_:filename-4/>, instead of <_:option-5/>-<_:option-6/> "
+"(and their <_:option-7/> counterparts for the creation of groups)."
+msgstr ""
+"Systembenutzer werden ohne Hinterlegung des Alters ihres Passworts in "
+"<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> erstellt. Ihre numerische Kennung wird aus "
+"der Spanne <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> bis <option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> "
+"anstelle von <option>UID_MIN</option> bis <option>UID_MAX</option> gewählt "
+"(gleiches gilt für die GID bei der Erstellung von Gruppen)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:349
+msgid ""
+"The input file must be protected since it contains unencrypted passwords."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Eingabedatei muss geschützt werden, da sie unverschlüsselte Passwörter "
+"enthält."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:429
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/newusers"
+msgstr "/etc/pam.d/newusers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:435 useradd.8.xml.out:222 useradd.8.xml.out:481
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:785 userdel.8.xml.out:215 usermod.8.xml.out:587
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "/etc/subgid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:437 useradd.8.xml.out:787 userdel.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:441 useradd.8.xml.out:222 useradd.8.xml.out:480
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:791 userdel.8.xml.out:221 usermod.8.xml.out:593
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "/etc/subuid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:443 useradd.8.xml.out:793 userdel.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:460 useradd.8.xml.out:906 userdel.8.xml.out:335
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:633
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "subgid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:463 useradd.8.xml.out:909 userdel.8.xml.out:338
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:636
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "subuid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:458 useradd.8.xml.out:904 userdel.8.xml.out:333
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:631
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:30
+msgid "politely refuse a login"
+msgstr "lehnt höflich eine Anmeldung ab"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:41
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>nologin</command> command displays a message that an account "
+#| "is not available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement "
+#| "shell field for accounts that have been disabled."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command displays a message that an account is not "
+"available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement shell field "
+"for accounts that have been disabled."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Befehl <command>nologin</command> zeigt die Meldung an, dass ein Konto "
+"nicht verfügbar ist, und gibt einen Wert von ungleich Null zurück. Dies ist "
+"als Einsatz für das Shell-Feld bei abgeschalteten Konten vorgesehen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:46
+msgid "To disable all logins, investigate <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:52
+msgid "SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:51
+msgid "If <_:command-1/> is populated it will be logged."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:69
+msgid "HISTORY"
+msgstr "GESCHICHTE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The <command>nologin</command> command appearred in BSD 4.4."
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command appeared in BSD 4.4."
+msgstr "Der Befehl <command>nologin</command> tauchte erstmals in BSD 4.4 auf."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:48
+msgid "change user password"
+msgstr "ändert das Passwort eines Benutzers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:65
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>passwd</command> command changes passwords for user "
+#| "accounts. A normal user may only change the password for their own "
+#| "account, while the superuser may change the password for any account. "
+#| "<command>passwd</command> also changes the account or associated password "
+#| "validity period."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes passwords for user accounts. A normal "
+"user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser "
+"may change the password for any account. <_:command-2/> also changes the "
+"account or associated password validity period."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Befehl <command>passwd</command> ändert die Passwörter von "
+"Benutzerkonten. Ein normaler Benutzer kann nur das Passwort seines Kontos "
+"verändern, der Superuser dagegen kann die Passwörter aller Konten ändern. "
+"Mit <command>passwd</command> können auch die Informationen über das Konto "
+"und die Gültigkeitsdauer des Passworts verändert werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "Password Changes"
+msgstr "Verändern des Passworts"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"The user is first prompted for their old password, if one is present. This "
+"password is then encrypted and compared against the stored password. The "
+"user has only one chance to enter the correct password. The superuser is "
+"permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten passwords may be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Benutzer wird zuerst nach seinem alten Passwort gefragt, falls eines "
+"vorhanden ist. Dieses Passwort wird dann verschlüsselt und mit dem "
+"gespeicherten Passwort verglichen. Der Benutzer hat nur eine Gelegenheit, "
+"das richtige Passwort einzugeben. Der Superuser kann diesen Schritt "
+"überspringen, um so vergessene Passwörter zu ändern."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:83
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "After the password has been entered, password aging information is "
+#| "checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this "
+#| "time. If not, <command>passwd</command> refuses to change the password "
+#| "and exits."
+msgid ""
+"After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked "
+"to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time. If not, "
+"<_:command-1/> refuses to change the password and exits."
+msgstr ""
+"Nachdem das Passwort eingegeben wurde, werden Informationen über die "
+"Gültigkeitsdauer des Passworts abgefragt, um festzustellen, ob der Benutzer "
+"das Passwort zu dieser Zeit verändern darf. Wenn nicht, lehnt "
+"<command>passwd</command> die Änderung des Passworts ab und beendet sich."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:90
+msgid ""
+"The user is then prompted twice for a replacement password. The second entry "
+"is compared against the first and both are required to match in order for "
+"the password to be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Benutzer wird dann aufgefordert, zweimal ein neues Passwort einzugeben. "
+"Beide Eingaben werden miteinander verglichen. Sie müssen übereinstimmen, "
+"damit das Passwort geändert wird."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:96
+msgid ""
+"Then, the password is tested for complexity. As a general guideline, "
+"passwords should consist of 6 to 8 characters including one or more "
+"characters from each of the following sets:"
+msgstr ""
+"Anschließend wird das Passwort auf seine Komplexität überprüft. Eine "
+"allgemeine Richtlinie besagt, dass Passwörter aus sechs bis acht Zeichen "
+"bestehen sollten und ein oder mehrere Zeichen aus folgenden Mengen enthalten "
+"sollten:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "lower case alphabetics"
+msgstr "Kleinbuchstaben"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:107
+msgid "digits 0 thru 9"
+msgstr "Ziffern 0 bis 9"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "punctuation marks"
+msgstr "Satzzeichen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:114
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill "
+#| "characters. <command>passwd</command> will reject any password which is "
+#| "not suitably complex."
+msgid ""
+"Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill "
+"characters. <_:command-1/> will reject any password which is not suitably "
+"complex."
+msgstr ""
+"Seien Sie vorsichtig, dass Sie nicht die standardmäßigen Lösch- und Kill-"
+"Zeichen des Systems eingeben. <command>passwd</command> weist Passwörter "
+"zurück, die nicht hinreichend komplex sind."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "Hints for user passwords"
+msgstr "Hinweise zu Benutzerpasswörtern"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:127
+msgid "UNIX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:124
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption "
+#| "algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy <emphasis>UNIX</"
+#| "emphasis> System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm. "
+#| "More recent methods are now recommended (see <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</"
+#| "option>). The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the "
+#| "password which is selected."
+msgid ""
+"The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption "
+"algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy <_:emphasis-1/> System "
+"encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm. More recent methods are "
+"now recommended (see <_:option-2/>). The size of the key space depends upon "
+"the randomness of the password which is selected."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Sicherheit eines Passworts hängt von der Stärke des "
+"Verschlüsselungsalgorithmus und von der Größe des Schlüsselraums ab. Die "
+"hergebrachte Verschlüsselung auf <emphasis>UNIX</emphasis>-Systemen basiert "
+"auf dem NBS-DES-Algorithmus. Heutzutage sind neuere Verschlüsselungsmethoden "
+"zu empfehlen (vergleiche <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option>). Die Größe des "
+"Schlüsselraums hängt von der Zufälligkeit des gewählten Passworts ab."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"Compromises in password security normally result from careless password "
+"selection or handling. For this reason, you should not select a password "
+"which appears in a dictionary or which must be written down. The password "
+"should also not be a proper name, your license number, birth date, or street "
+"address. Any of these may be used as guesses to violate system security."
+msgstr ""
+"Gefahren für die Sicherheit von Passwörtern kommen gewöhnlich von sorgloser "
+"Wahl oder Handhabung des Passworts. Daher sollten Sie kein Passwort wählen, "
+"das in einem Wörterbuch auftaucht oder das aufgeschrieben werden muss. Das "
+"Passwort sollte somit kein echter Name, Ihr Autokennzeichen, Geburtstag oder "
+"Ihre Adresse sein. All das kann dazu verwendet werden, das Passwort zu "
+"erraten, und stellt daher eine Gefahr für die Sicherheit Ihres Systems dar."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:142
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You can find advices on how to choose a strong password on http://en."
+#| "wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"
+msgid ""
+"You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en."
+"wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"
+msgstr ""
+"Ratschläge, wie Sie ein sicheres Passwort wählen, finden Sie unter http://de."
+"wikipedia.org/wiki/Passwort#Wahl_von_sicheren_Passw.C3.B6rtern."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:160
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option can be used only with <option>-S</option> and causes show "
+#| "status for all users."
+msgid ""
+"This option can be used only with <_:option-1/> and causes show status for "
+"all users."
+msgstr ""
+"Diese Option kann nur in Verbindung mit <option>-S</option> verwendet werden "
+"und führt dazu, dass der Status aller Benutzer angezeigt wird."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:171
+msgid ""
+"Delete a user's password (make it empty). This is a quick way to disable a "
+"password for an account. It will set the named account passwordless."
+msgstr ""
+"Löscht das Passwort eines Benutzers (macht es leer). Dies ist ein schneller "
+"Weg, um das Passwort eines Kontos zu deaktivieren. Dem Konto ist dann kein "
+"Passwort zugeordnet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:180
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "expiry"
+msgid "--expire"
+msgstr "expiry"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"Immediately expire an account's password. This in effect can force a user to "
+"change their password at the user's next login."
+msgstr ""
+"Lässt das Passwort eines Kontos sofort verfallen. Im Ergebnis kann damit "
+"erreicht werden, dass ein Benutzer beim nächsten Login das Passwort ändern "
+"muss."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:200
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is used to disable an account after the password has been "
+#| "expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired "
+#| "password for <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> days, the user may no "
+#| "longer sign on to the account."
+msgid ""
+"This option is used to disable an account after the password has been "
+"expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired "
+"password for <_:replaceable-1/> days, the user may no longer sign on to the "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"Mit dieser Option wird ein Konto deaktiviert, nachdem das Passwort für eine "
+"bestimmte Anzahl von Tagen abgelaufen ist. Wenn ein Benutzerkonto ein "
+"abgelaufenes Passwort für länger als <replaceable>INAKTIV</replaceable> Tage "
+"hatte, kann sich der Benutzer nicht mehr auf diesem Konto anmelden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:210 useradd.8.xml.out:278 useradd.8.xml.out:356
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-k"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:210
+msgid "--keep-tokens"
+msgstr ""
+
+# FIXME: Übersetzung, die näher am Original ist (tokens). SB
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:213
+msgid ""
+"Indicate password change should be performed only for expired authentication "
+"tokens (passwords). The user wishes to keep their non-expired tokens as "
+"before."
+msgstr ""
+"Zeigt an, dass nur abgelaufene Passwörter geändert werden sollen. Der "
+"Benutzer möchte seine gültigen Passwörter unverändert lassen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:222 usermod.8.xml.out:231
+msgid "--lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:225
+msgid ""
+"Lock the password of the named account. This option disables a password by "
+"changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it adds a "
+"´!´ at the beginning of the password)."
+msgstr ""
+"Sperrt das Passwort des  bezeichneten Kontos. Die Option schaltet ein "
+"Passwort ab, indem es ihm einen Wert zuweist, der mit keinem möglichen "
+"verschlüsselten Wert übereinstimmen kann. Dies geschieht, indem ein »!« dem "
+"Passwort vorangestellt wird."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:235
+msgid "usermod --expiredate 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:231
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that this does not disable the account. The user may still be able "
+#| "to login using another authentication token (e.g. an SSH key). To disable "
+#| "the account, administrators should use <command>usermod --expiredate 1</"
+#| "command> (this set the account's expire date to Jan 2, 1970)."
+msgid ""
+"Note that this does not disable the account. The user may still be able to "
+"login using another authentication token (e.g. an SSH key). To disable the "
+"account, administrators should use <_:command-1/> (this set the account's "
+"expire date to Jan 2, 1970)."
+msgstr ""
+"Beachten Sie, dass damit nicht das Konto deaktiviert wird. Der Benutzer kann "
+"sich immer noch mit einer anderen Authentifizierungsmethode (etwa einem SSH-"
+"Schlüssel) anmelden. Um ein Konto abzuschalten, sollte der Administrator "
+"<command>usermod --expiredate 1</command> verwenden; dies setzt das "
+"Verfallsdatum des Kontos auf den 2. Januar 1970."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:238
+msgid "Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their password."
+msgstr "Benutzer mit einem gesperrten Passwort können dieses nicht ändern."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:258 pwck.8.xml.out:179 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "-q"
+msgstr "-q"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:258 pwck.8.xml.out:179 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "--quiet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:261 vipw.8.xml.out:110
+msgid "Quiet mode."
+msgstr "stiller Modus"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268
+msgid "--repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268 passwd.1.xml.out:272
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "EDITOR"
+msgid "REPOSITORY"
+msgstr "EDITOR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:271
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "change password in <replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable> repository"
+msgid "change password in <_:replaceable-1/> repository"
+msgstr "ändert das Passwort im Depot <replaceable>DEPOT</replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:291
+msgid "--status"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:294
+msgid ""
+"Display account status information. The status information consists of 7 "
+"fields. The first field is the user's login name. The second field indicates "
+"if the user account has a locked password (L), has no password (NP), or has "
+"a usable password (P). The third field gives the date of the last password "
+"change. The next four fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning "
+"period, and inactivity period for the password. These ages are expressed in "
+"days."
+msgstr ""
+"Zeigt Informationen über den Kontostatus an. Die Statusinformation besteht "
+"aus sieben Feldern. Das erste Feld ist der Anmeldename des Benutzers. Das "
+"zweite Feld zeigt an, ob das Benutzerkonto ein gesperrtes Passwort (L), kein "
+"Passwort (NP) oder ein verwendbares Passwort hat (P). Das dritte Feld zeigt "
+"das Datum der letzten Änderung des Passworts an. Die nächsten vier Felder "
+"sind das Mindestalter, das Höchstalter, die Dauer der Warnung und die Dauer "
+"der Untätigkeit für das Passwort. Die Zeiträume werden in Tagen ausgedrückt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:309 usermod.8.xml.out:405
+msgid "--unlock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:312
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Unlock the password of the named account. This option re-enables a "
+#| "password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the "
+#| "value before using the <option>-l</option> option)."
+msgid ""
+"Unlock the password of the named account. This option re-enables a password "
+"by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before "
+"using the <_:option-1/> option)."
+msgstr ""
+"Entsperrt das bezeichnete Konto. Diese Option reaktiviert ein Konto wieder, "
+"indem das Passwort auf seinen alten Wert zurückgesetzt wird, den es hatte, "
+"bevor die Option <option>-l</option> verwendet wurde."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:325
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. "
+#| "The <replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable> option is the number of days "
+#| "prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their "
+#| "password is about to expire."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The "
+"<_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password "
+"expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"Legt die Anzahl der Tage fest, an denen der Benutzer eine Warnung erhält, "
+"bevor sein Passwort ungültig wird. Die Option <replaceable>WARN_TAGE</"
+"replaceable> bezeichnet die Anzahl der Tage, für die ein Benutzer vor "
+"Verfall seines Passworts gewarnt wird."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-x"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:338
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>, the password is required to be "
+#| "changed."
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>, the password is required to be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"Bestimmt die maximale Anzahl von Tagen, die das Passwort gültig bleibt. Nach "
+"<replaceable>MAX_TAGE</replaceable> Tagen muss das Passwort geändert werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:355
+msgid ""
+"Password complexity checking may vary from site to site. The user is urged "
+"to select a password as complex as he or she feels comfortable with."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Komplexität der Passwortprüfung kann sich auf verschiedenen Systemen "
+"unterscheiden. Der Benutzer wird angehalten, ein möglichst komplexes, von "
+"ihm aber gut zu verwendendes Passwort zu wählen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:360
+msgid ""
+"Users may not be able to change their password on a system if NIS is enabled "
+"and they are not logged into the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+"Benutzer können unter Umständen ihr Passwort nicht ändern, wenn auf dem "
+"System NIS aktiviert ist, sie aber nicht am NIS-Server angemeldet sind."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:365
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>passwd</command> uses PAM to authenticate users and to change "
+#| "their passwords."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> uses PAM to authenticate users and to change their passwords."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>passwd</command> verwendet PAM, um einen Benutzer zu "
+"authentifizieren und sein Passwort zu ändern."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:411
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/passwd"
+msgstr "/etc/pam.d/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:439
+msgid "invalid combination of options"
+msgstr "ungültige Kombination von Optionen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:445
+msgid "unexpected failure, nothing done"
+msgstr "unerwarteter Fehler, nichts wurde verändert"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:451
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "unexpected failure, <filename>passwd</filename> file missing"
+msgid "unexpected failure, <_:filename-1/> file missing"
+msgstr "unerwarteter Fehler, die Datei <filename>passwd</filename> fehlt"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:457
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<filename>passwd</filename> file busy, try again"
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> file busy, try again"
+msgstr ""
+"Datei <filename>passwd</filename> wird benutzt, bitte nochmal versuchen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:472
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:phrase-4/> "
+"<_:citerefentry-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "the password file"
+msgstr "die Passwortdatei"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:49 shadow.5.xml.out:59
+msgid ":"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> contains one line for each user account, "
+#| "with seven fields delimited by colons (<quote>:</quote>). These fields "
+#| "are:"
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> contains one line for each user account, with seven fields "
+"delimited by colons (<_:quote-2/>). These fields are:"
+msgstr ""
+"<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> enthält einen Eintrag pro Benutzerkonto, "
+"wobei jeder Eintrag sieben Felder besitzt, die durch Doppelpunkt (<quote>:</"
+"quote>) getrennt sind. Diese Felder sind:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:54 shadow.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "login name"
+msgstr "Anmeldename"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:57
+msgid "optional encrypted password"
+msgstr "optional verschlüsseltes Passwort"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "numerical user ID"
+msgstr "numerische Benutzer-ID"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "numerical group ID"
+msgstr "numerische Gruppen-ID"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "user name or comment field"
+msgstr "Benutzername oder Kommentarfeld"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:69
+msgid "user home directory"
+msgstr "Home-Verzeichnis des Benutzers"
+
+# SB: Übersetzung von "command interpreter"?
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "optional user command interpreter"
+msgstr "optional Befehlsinterpreter des Benutzers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:78
+msgid "x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "must"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:emphasis-1/> field is a lower-case <_:quote-2/>, then the "
+"encrypted password is actually stored in the <_:citerefentry-3/> file "
+"instead; there <_:emphasis-4/> be a corresponding line in the <_:filename-5/"
+"> file, or else the user account is invalid."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:90
+msgid "any"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to "
+#| "authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications "
+#| "which read the <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file may decide not to "
+#| "permit any access at all if the password field is empty."
+msgid ""
+"The encrypted <_:emphasis-1/> field may be empty, in which case no password "
+"is required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some "
+"applications which read the <_:filename-2/> file may decide not to permit <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> access at all if the <_:emphasis-4/> field is blank."
+msgstr ""
+"Dieses Feld kann leer bleiben. In diesem Fall kann sich der angegebene "
+"Benutzer ohne Passwort anmelden. Möglicherweise verweigern Anwendungen, "
+"welche die Datei <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> auswerten, dennoch den "
+"Zugang, wenn das Passwortfeld leer ist."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A password field which starts with a exclamation mark means that the "
+#| "password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the "
+#| "password field before the password was locked."
+msgid ""
+"A <_:emphasis-1/> field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the "
+"password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> field before the password was locked."
+msgstr ""
+"Ein Passwortfeld, das mit einem Ausrufezeichen beginnt, führt dazu, dass das "
+"Passwort gesperrt ist. Die übrigen Zeichen sind das Passwort vor der "
+"Sperrung."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:107 shadow.5.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able "
+#| "to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by "
+#| "other means)."
+msgid ""
+"If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a "
+"unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn das Passwortfeld eine Zeichenkette enthält, die kein zulässiges "
+"Ergebnis von <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+"manvolnum></citerefentry> ist, z.B. ! oder *, kann sich der Benutzer nicht "
+"mit einem Unix-Passwort anmelden; eine Anmeldung auf anderem Wege wird "
+"dadurch nicht verhindert."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system "
+"utilities, such as <_:citerefentry-1/>. The use of an ampersand here will be "
+"replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed "
+"by such system utilities."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:123
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The home directory field provides the name of the initial working "
+#| "directory. The <command>login</command> program uses this information to "
+#| "set the value of the <envar>$HOME</envar> environmental variable."
+msgid ""
+"The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory. "
+"The <_:command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:"
+"envar-2/> environmental variable."
+msgstr ""
+"Das Feld für das Home-Verzeichnis gibt den Namen für das anfängliche "
+"Arbeitsverzeichnis an. Das Programm <command>login</command> benutzt diese "
+"Information, um den Wert der Umgebungsvariable <envar>$HOME</envar> zu "
+"setzen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:134 sg.1.xml.out:61 su.1.xml.out:190
+msgid "/bin/sh"
+msgstr ""
+
+# SB: Übersetzung von "command language interpreter"?
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command "
+#| "language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The "
+#| "<command>login</command> program uses this information to set the value "
+#| "of the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environmental variable. If this field is "
+#| "empty, it defaults to the value <filename>/bin/sh</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command "
+"language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The <_:"
+"command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:envar-2/"
+"> environmental variable. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value "
+"<_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Das Feld für den Befehlsinterpreter enthält den Namen des Befehlssprachen-"
+"Interpreters des Benutzers oder den Namen des Programms, das zuerst "
+"ausgeführt werden soll. Das Programm <command>login</command> benutzt diese "
+"Information, um den Wert der Umgebungsvariable <envar>$SHELL</envar> zu "
+"setzen. Falls dieses Feld leer ist, wird ihm standardmäßig der Wert "
+"<filename>/bin/sh</filename> zugewiesen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:150
+msgid "optional encrypted password file"
+msgstr "optionale Datei für verschlüsseltes Passwort"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:154
+msgid "/etc/passwd-"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:156
+msgid "Backup file for /etc/passwd."
+msgstr "Sicherungskopie von /etc/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:157 shadow.5.xml.out:249
+msgid ""
+"Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by "
+"all user and password management tools."
+msgstr ""
+"Beachten Sie, dass diese Datei von Werkzeugen der Shadow-Werkzeugsammlung "
+"verwendet wird, aber nicht von allen sonstigen Programmen zur Benutzer- und "
+"Passwortverwaltung."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:173
+msgid "getent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:176
+msgid "getpwnam"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:168
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-10/>, <_:citerefentry-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:33 porttime.5.xml.out:40 porttime.5.xml.out:47
+msgid "porttime"
+msgstr "porttime"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "port access time file"
+msgstr "Datei für zeitlich begrenzten Zugang zu Ports"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis remap=\"I\">porttime</emphasis> contains a list of tty devices, "
+#| "user names, and permitted login times."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted "
+"login times."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">porttime</emphasis> enthält eine Liste von tty-"
+"Geräten, Benutzernamen und zulässigen Anmeldezeiten."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:51
+msgid ""
+"Each entry consists of three colon separated fields. The first field is a "
+"comma separated list of tty devices, or an asterisk to indicate that all tty "
+"devices are matched by this entry. The second field is a comma separated "
+"list of user names, or an asterisk to indicated that all user names are "
+"matched by this entry. The third field is a comma separated list of "
+"permitted access times."
+msgstr ""
+"Jeder Eintrag besteht aus drei Feldern, die durch Doppelpunkte getrennt "
+"sind. Das erste Feld enthält eine Liste von tty-Geräten, die durch Kommata "
+"getrennt sind, oder einen Stern, was bedeutet, dass dieser Eintrag auf alle "
+"tty-Geräte zutrifft. Das zweite Feld enthält eine Liste von Benutzernamen, "
+"die durch Kommata getrennt sind, oder einen Stern, was bedeutet, dass dieser "
+"Eintrag auf alle Benutzernamen zutrifft. Das dritte Feld ist eine Liste von "
+"Anmeldezeiten, die durch Kommata getrennt sind."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:62
+msgid "Su"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:62
+msgid "Mo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "Tu"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "We"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "Th"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "Fr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:65
+msgid "Sa"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "Wk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:67 porttime.5.xml.out:68
+msgid "Al"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:60
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, "
+#| "abbreviated <emphasis>Su</emphasis>, <emphasis>Mo</emphasis>, "
+#| "<emphasis>Tu</emphasis>, <emphasis>We</emphasis>, <emphasis>Th</"
+#| "emphasis>, <emphasis>Fr</emphasis>, and <emphasis>Sa</emphasis>, followed "
+#| "by a pair of times separated by a hyphen. The abbreviation <emphasis>Wk</"
+#| "emphasis> may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and <emphasis>Al</"
+#| "emphasis> may be used to indicate every day. If no days are given, "
+#| "<emphasis>Al</emphasis> is assumed."
+msgid ""
+"Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, "
+"abbreviated <_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/"
+">, <_:emphasis-5/>, <_:emphasis-6/>, and <_:emphasis-7/>, followed by a pair "
+"of times separated by a hyphen. The abbreviation <_:emphasis-8/> may be used "
+"to represent Monday thru Friday, and <_:emphasis-9/> may be used to indicate "
+"every day. If no days are given, <_:emphasis-10/> is assumed."
+msgstr ""
+"Jeder Zeiteintrag kann aus einem oder mehreren Wochentagen bestehen, die mit "
+"<emphasis>Su</emphasis>, <emphasis>Mo</emphasis>, <emphasis>Tu</emphasis>, "
+"<emphasis>We</emphasis>, <emphasis>Th</emphasis>, <emphasis>Fr</emphasis> "
+"und <emphasis>Sa</emphasis> abgekürzt werden. Danach folgt die Angabe von "
+"zwei Uhrzeiten, die durch einen Bindestrich getrennt sind. Mit der Abkürzung "
+"<emphasis>Wk</emphasis> wird Montag bis Freitag bezeichnet. Mit "
+"<emphasis>Al</emphasis> wird jeder Tag gewählt. Falls keine Tage angegeben "
+"werden, wird <emphasis>Al</emphasis> angenommen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:74
+msgid "EXAMPLES"
+msgstr "BEISPIELE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:77
+msgid "jfh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following entry allows access to user <emphasis remap=\"B\">jfh</"
+#| "emphasis> on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm."
+msgid ""
+"The following entry allows access to user <_:emphasis-1/> on every port "
+"during weekdays from 9am to 5pm."
+msgstr ""
+"Der folgende Eintrag erlaubt dem Benutzer <emphasis remap=\"B\">jfh</"
+"emphasis> Zugriff auf jeden Port während Werktagen von 9 bis 17 Uhr."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700"
+msgstr "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "oper"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:86
+msgid "/dev/console"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:83
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following entries allow access only to the users <emphasis>root</"
+#| "emphasis> and <emphasis>oper</emphasis> on <filename>/dev/console</"
+#| "filename> at any time. This illustrates how the <filename>/etc/porttime</"
+#| "filename> file is an ordered list of access times. Any other user would "
+#| "match the second entry which does not permit access at any time."
+msgid ""
+"The following entries allow access only to the users <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> on <_:filename-3/> at any time. This illustrates how the <_:"
+"filename-4/> file is an ordered list of access times. Any other user would "
+"match the second entry which does not permit access at any time."
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden Einträge erlauben nur den Benutzern <emphasis>root</emphasis> "
+"und <emphasis>oper</emphasis> jederzeit Zugriff auf <filename>/dev/console</"
+"filename>. Hier ist auch ersichtlich, dass <filename>/etc/porttime</"
+"filename> eine geordnete Liste der Zugriffszeiten ist. Jeder andere Benutzer "
+"fällt unter den zweiten Eintrag, welcher Zugriff zu keiner Zeit erlaubt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      console:root,oper:Al0000-2400\n"
+#| "      console:*:\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "console:root,oper:Al0000-2400 console:*:"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      console:root,oper:Al0000-2400\n"
+"      console:*:\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:99
+msgid "games"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:97
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following entry allows access for the user <emphasis>games</emphasis> "
+#| "on any port during non-working hours."
+msgid ""
+"The following entry allows access for the user <_:emphasis-1/> on any port "
+"during non-working hours."
+msgstr ""
+"Der folgende Eintrag erlaubt dem Benutzer <emphasis>games</emphasis> Zugriff "
+"auf jeden Port außerhalb von Arbeitszeiten."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:102
+msgid "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400"
+msgstr "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:48
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "verify integrity of password files"
+msgid "verify the integrity of password files"
+msgstr "überprüft die Stimmigkeit der Passwortdateien"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "PASSWORDFILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:61 pwck.8.xml.out:106
+msgid "SHADOWFILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:75 pwck.8.xml.out:226
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/motd"
+msgid "/etc/tcb"
+msgstr "/etc/motd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>, when <_:option-2/> is enabled)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>grpck</command> command verifies the integrity of the groups "
+#| "information. It checks that all entries in <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#| "filename></phrase> have the proper format and contain valid data. The "
+#| "user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which "
+#| "have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the users and "
+"authentication information. It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> "
+"and <_:filename-3/> <_:phrase-4/> have the proper format and contain valid "
+"data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted "
+"or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Befehl <command>grpwck</command> überprüft die Stimmigkeit der "
+"Informationen über die Gruppen. Alle Einträge in <filename>/etc/group</"
+"filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">und <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+"filename></phrase> werden darauf überprüft, ob sie das richtige Format haben "
+"und gültige Daten enthalten. Bei einem Eintrag, der falsch formatiert ist "
+"oder andere unbehebbare Fehler enthält, wird der Benutzer aufgefordert, ihn "
+"zu löschen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:88
+msgid "a unique and valid user name"
+msgstr "einen eindeutigen und gültigen Benutzernamen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:91
+msgid "a valid user and group identifier"
+msgstr "eine gültige Benutzer- und Gruppenkennung"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "a valid primary group"
+msgstr "eine gültige Hauptgruppe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:97
+msgid "a valid home directory"
+msgstr "ein gültiges Home-Verzeichnis"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:100
+msgid "a valid login shell"
+msgstr "eine gültige Anmelde-Shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:104
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>shadow</filename> checks are enabled when a second file "
+#| "parameter is specified or when <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> exists on "
+#| "the system."
+msgid ""
+"Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file "
+"parameter <_:replaceable-1/> is specified or when <_:filename-2/> exists on "
+"the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Eine Überprüfung von <filename>shadow</filename> findet statt, wenn ein "
+"zweiter Parameter angegeben wird oder auf dem System <filename>/etc/shadow</"
+"filename>  existiert."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:109
+msgid "These checks are the following:"
+msgstr "Diese Tests umfassen Folgendes:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"every passwd entry has a matching shadow entry, and every shadow entry has a "
+"matching passwd entry"
+msgstr ""
+"ob jedem Eintrag in passwd ein Eintrag in shadow entspricht und umgekehrt"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "passwords are specified in the shadowed file"
+msgstr "ob die Passwörter in der Shadow-Datei niedergelegt sind"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:123
+msgid "shadow entries have the correct number of fields"
+msgstr "ob die shadow-Einträge die richtige Anzahl von Feldern haben"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "shadow entries are unique in shadow"
+msgstr "ob die Shadow-Einträge in shadow eindeutig sind"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "the last password changes are not in the future"
+msgstr "dass das Datum der letzten Passwortänderung nicht in der Zukunft liegt"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal. "
+#| "If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to "
+#| "delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all "
+#| "further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated user name is "
+#| "prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All "
+#| "other errors are warning and the user is encouraged to run the "
+#| "<command>usermod</command> command to correct the error."
+msgid ""
+"The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal. If "
+"the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to "
+"delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all "
+"further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated user name is "
+"prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All "
+"other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/"
+"> command to correct the error."
+msgstr ""
+"Fehler bei der Überprüfung der richtigen Anzahl der Felder und des "
+"eindeutigen Benutzernames sind schwerwiegend. Wenn ein Eintrag die falsche "
+"Anzahl von Feldern ausweist, wird der Benutzer aufgefordert, die gesamte "
+"Zeile zu löschen. Wenn dies der Benutzer ablehnt, werden alle weiteren Tests "
+"ausgelassen. Bei einem Eintrag mit einem mehrfach verwendeten Benutzernamen "
+"wird der Benutzer aufgefordert, diesen Eintrag zu löschen. Sollte er dies "
+"ablehnen, werden dennoch die übrigen Test ausgeführt. Bei allen anderen "
+"Fehlern wird eine Warnung abgegeben und der Benutzer aufgefordert, den "
+"Fehler mittels des Befehls <command>usermod</command> zu beheben."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:144
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The commands which operate on the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file "
+#| "are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <command>pwck</"
+#| "command> should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending "
+#| "entry."
+msgid ""
+"The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> file are not able to alter "
+"corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-2/> should be used in those "
+"circumstances to remove the offending entry."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Befehle, welche die Datei <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> bearbeiten, "
+"können falsche oder doppelte Einträge nicht verändern. In solchen Fällen "
+"sollte <command>pwck</command> verwendet werden, um den betreffenden Eintrag "
+"zu entfernen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:181
+msgid ""
+"Report errors only. The warnings which do not require any action from the "
+"user won't be displayed."
+msgstr ""
+"meldet nur Fehler. Warnungen, die keine Handlung des Benutzers erfordern, "
+"werden nicht angezeigt"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:190
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Execute the <command>pwck</command> command in read-only mode."
+msgid "Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode."
+msgstr "führt den Befehl <command>pwck</command> im Modus Nur-Lesen aus"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Sort entries in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/"
+#| "shadow</filename> by UID."
+msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> by UID."
+msgstr ""
+"ordnet die Einträge in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> und <filename>/etc/"
+"shadow</filename> nach der UID"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:215
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "This option has no effect when <option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled."
+msgid "This option has no effect when <_:option-1/> is enabled."
+msgstr ""
+"Diese Option ist wirkungslos, wenn <option>USE_TCB</option> aktiviert ist."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:225
+msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:222
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, <command>pwck</command> operates on the files <filename>/etc/"
+#| "passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\"> (or the files in <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>)</"
+#| "phrase>. The user may select alternate files with the "
+#| "<replaceable>passwd</replaceable> and <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> "
+#| "parameters."
+msgid ""
+"By default, <_:command-1/> operates on the files <_:filename-2/> and <_:"
+"filename-3/><_:phrase-4/>. The user may select alternate files with the <_:"
+"replaceable-5/> and <_:replaceable-6/> parameters."
+msgstr ""
+"Standardmäßig bearbeitet <command>pwck</command> die Dateien <filename>/etc/"
+"passwd</filename> und <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase "
+"condition=\"tcb\"> (oder die Dateien in <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>)</"
+"phrase>. Der Benutzer kann andere Dateien mit den Parametern "
+"<replaceable>passwd</replaceable> und <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> "
+"auswählen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:231
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that when <option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled, you cannot specify an "
+#| "alternative <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> file. In future releases, "
+#| "this paramater could be replaced by an alternate TCB directory."
+msgid ""
+"Note that when <_:option-1/> is enabled, you cannot specify an alternative "
+"<_:replaceable-2/> file. In future releases, this parameter could be "
+"replaced by an alternate TCB directory."
+msgstr ""
+"Hinweis: Wenn <option>USE_TCB</option> aktiviert ist, können Sie keine "
+"andere <replaceable>shadow</replaceable>-Datei angeben. In zukünftigen  "
+"Versionen kann dieser Parameter durch ein anderes TCB-Verzeichnis ersetzt "
+"werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:301
+msgid "one or more bad password entries"
+msgstr "ein oder mehrere fehlerhafte Passworteinträge"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:307
+msgid "can't open password files"
+msgstr "Die Passwortdatei kann nicht geöffnet werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:313
+msgid "can't lock password files"
+msgstr "Die Passwortdatei kann nicht gesperret werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:319
+msgid "can't update password files"
+msgstr "Die Passwortdatei kann nicht aktualisieren werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:325
+msgid "can't sort password files"
+msgstr "Die Passwortdatei kann nicht sortieren werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:50
+msgid "convert to and from shadow passwords and groups"
+msgstr "konvertiert zu oder von Shadow-Passwörtern und -gruppen"
+
+# SB: Translation ok?
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:82 pwconv.8.xml.out:112
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>pwconv</command> command creates <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</"
+#| "emphasis> and an optionally existing <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</"
+#| "emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:emphasis-2/> from <_:emphasis-3/> and "
+"an optionally existing <_:emphasis-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Befehl <command>pwconv</command> erstellt eine <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis>-Datei aus einer <emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</"
+"emphasis>-Datei und gegebenenfalls aus einer bereits vorhandenen <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis>-Datei."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:93 pwconv.8.xml.out:251
+msgid "tcb_convert"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>pwconv</command> does not work with <option>USE_TCB</option> "
+#| "enabled. To convert to tcb passwords, you should first use "
+#| "<command>pwconv</command> to convert to shadowed passwords by disabling "
+#| "<option>USE_TCB</option> in <filename>login.defs</filename> and then "
+#| "convert to tcb password using <command>tcb_convert</command> (and re-"
+#| "enable <option>USE_TCB</option> in <filename>login.defs</filename>.)"
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. To convert to tcb "
+"passwords, you should first use <_:command-3/> to convert to shadowed "
+"passwords by disabling <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> and then convert to "
+"tcb password using <_:command-6/> (and re-enable <_:option-7/> in <_:"
+"filename-8/>.)"
+msgstr ""
+"<command>pwconv</command> funktioniert nicht, wenn <option>USE_TCB</option> "
+"aktiviert ist. Um zu Tcb-Passwörtern zu konvertieren, sollten Sie zuerst mit "
+"<command>pwconv</command> zu Shadowed-Passwörtern konvertieren, wobei Sie in "
+"<filename>login.defs</filename> <option>USE_TCB</option> deaktivieren, und "
+"anschließend mit <command>tcb_convert</command> zu Tcb-Passwörtern "
+"konvertieren. Schließlich können Sie <option>USE_TCB</option> in "
+"<filename>login.defs</filename> reaktivieren."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:97 pwconv.8.xml.out:118
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:emphasis-2/> from <_:emphasis-3/> and "
+"<_:emphasis-4/> and then removes <_:emphasis-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:106 pwconv.8.xml.out:254
+msgid "tcb_unconvert"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:103
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>pwunconv</command> does not work with <option>USE_TCB</option> "
+#| "enabled. You should first switch back from tcb to shadowed passwords "
+#| "using <command>tcb_unconvert</command>, and then disable <option>USE_TCB</"
+#| "option> in <filename>login.defs</filename> before using "
+#| "<command>pwunconv</command>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. You should first "
+"switch back from tcb to shadowed passwords using <_:command-3/>, and then "
+"disable <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> before using <_:command-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>pwunconv</command> funktioniert nicht, wenn <option>USE_TCB</"
+"option> aktiviert ist. Sie sollten zuerst mit <command>tcb_unconvert</"
+"command> von tcb- zu shadowed-Passwörtern wechseln und anschließend vor der "
+"Verwendung von  <command>pwunconv</command> <option>USE_TCB</option> in "
+"<filename>login.defs</filename> deaktivieren."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:125
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and "
+#| "group files: <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>, <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>, and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group "
+"files: <_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>, <_:filename-3/>, and <_:filename-4/"
+">."
+msgstr ""
+"Diese vier Programme funktionieren mit der normalen und der Shadow-"
+"Passwortdatei und den Gruppendateien: <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>, "
+"<filename>/etc/group</filename>, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> und "
+"<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:132
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. "
+#| "<command>pwconv</command> and <command>grpconv</command> are similar. "
+#| "First, entries in the shadowed file which don't exist in the main file "
+#| "are removed. Then, shadowed entries which don't have `x' as the password "
+#| "in the main file are updated. Any missing shadowed entries are added. "
+#| "Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x'. These programs "
+#| "can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if "
+#| "the main file is edited by hand."
+msgid ""
+"Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. <_:command-1/> "
+"and <_:command-2/> are similar. First, entries in the shadowed file which "
+"don't exist in the main file are removed. Then, shadowed entries which don't "
+"have `x' as the password in the main file are updated. Any missing shadowed "
+"entries are added. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with "
+"`x'. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the "
+"shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand."
+msgstr ""
+"Jedes dieser Programme erzeugt vor der Konvertierung die notwendigen "
+"Sperren. <command>pwconv</command> und <command>grpconv</command> sind "
+"vergleichbar. Zuerst werden die Einträge aus der Shadow-Datei entfernt, die "
+"nicht in der Hauptdatei enthalten sind. Anschließend werden die Einträge in "
+"der Shadow-Datei aktualisiert, die kein »x« als Passwort haben. Zuletzt "
+"werden die Passwörter in der Hauptdatei durch »x« ersetzt. Diese Programme "
+"können für eine erstmalige Konvertierung genutzt werden als auch, um die "
+"Shadow-Datei zu aktualisieren, falls die Hauptdatei von Hand bearbeitet "
+"wurde."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:143
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will use the values of <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and "
+"<_:emphasis-4/> from <_:filename-5/> when adding new entries to <_:"
+"filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Likewise <command>pwunconv</command> and <command>grpunconv</command> are "
+#| "similar. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file. "
+#| "Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are "
+#| "left alone. Finally, the shadowed file is removed. Some password aging "
+#| "information is lost by <command>pwunconv</command>. It will convert what "
+#| "it can."
+msgid ""
+"Likewise <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> are similar. Passwords in the "
+"main file are updated from the shadowed file. Entries which exist in the "
+"main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone. Finally, the shadowed "
+"file is removed. Some password aging information is lost by <_:command-3/>. "
+"It will convert what it can."
+msgstr ""
+"Ebenfalls sind die Befehle <command>pwunconv</command> und "
+"<command>grpunconv</command> ähnlich. Passwörter in der Hauptdatei werden "
+"durch die Shadow-Datei aktualisiert. Einträge, welche in der Hauptdatei, "
+"aber nicht in der Shadow-Datei vorhanden sind, bleiben unberührt. Zuletzt "
+"wird die Shadow-Datei gelöscht. Eine Information für den Verfall von "
+"Passwörtern geht durch <command>pwunconv</command> verloren. Es wird aber so "
+"viel wie möglich umgewandelt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:164
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The options which apply to the <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</"
+#| "command> commands are:"
+msgid ""
+"The options which apply to the <_:command-1/>, <_:command-2/>, <_:command-3/"
+">, and <_:command-4/> commands are:"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen, die von den Befehlen <command>vipw</command> und "
+"<command>vigr</command> unterstützt werden, sind:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:194
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate "
+#| "entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other "
+#| "strange ways. Please run <command>pwck</command> and <command>grpck</"
+#| "command> to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow "
+#| "passwords or groups."
+msgid ""
+"Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) "
+"may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways. "
+"Please run <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> to correct any such errors "
+"before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups."
+msgstr ""
+"Fehler in der Passwort- oder Gruppendatei (wie z.B. ungültige oder doppelte "
+"Einträge) können zu Endlosschleifen oder anderen seltsamen Fehlern führen. "
+"Sie sollten daher <command>pwck</command> und <command>grpck</command> "
+"ausführen, um solche Fehler zu entfernen, bevor Sie von oder zu Shadow-"
+"Passwörtern oder -gruppen umwandeln."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename> change the behavior of <command>pwconv</command>:"
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variable in <_:filename-1/> changes the behavior "
+"of <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/>:"
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden Konfigurationsvariablen in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename> beeinflussen das Verhalten von <command>pwconv</command>:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:213
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename> change the behavior of <command>pwconv</command>:"
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior "
+"of <_:command-2/>:"
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden Konfigurationsvariablen in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename> beeinflussen das Verhalten von <command>pwconv</command>:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:249
+msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:240
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/><_:phrase-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:35
+msgid "Library Calls"
+msgstr "Bibliotheksaufrufe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:41 shadow.3.xml.out:160
+msgid "getspnam"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+# SB: Übersetzung iO?
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:42
+msgid "encrypted password file routines"
+msgstr "Routinen für die Datei, die die verschlüsselten Passwörter enthält"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:46
+msgid "SYNTAX"
+msgstr "SYNTAX"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:48
+msgid "#include &lt;shadow.h&gt;"
+msgstr "#include &lt;shadow.h&gt;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:52
+msgid "struct spwd *getspent();"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:56
+msgid "struct spwd *getspnam(char"
+msgstr "truct spwd *getspnam(char"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:57
+msgid "*name"
+msgstr "*name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:57 shadow.3.xml.out:70 shadow.3.xml.out:75
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:81
+msgid ");"
+msgstr ");"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:61
+msgid "void setspent();"
+msgstr "void setspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:65
+msgid "void endspent();"
+msgstr "void endspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:69
+msgid "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE"
+msgstr "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:70 shadow.3.xml.out:81
+msgid "*fp"
+msgstr "*fp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:74
+msgid "struct spwd *sgetspent(char"
+msgstr "struct spwd *sgetspent(char"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:75
+msgid "*cp"
+msgstr "*cp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:79
+msgid "int putspent(struct spwd"
+msgstr "int putspent(struct spwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:80
+msgid "*p,"
+msgstr "*p,"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:80
+msgid "FILE"
+msgstr "DATEIEN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:85
+msgid "int lckpwdf();"
+msgstr "int lckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:89
+msgid "int ulckpwdf();"
+msgstr "int ulckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:98
+msgid "#include"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:95
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> manipulates the contents of the "
+#| "shadow password file, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. The structure in "
+#| "the <emphasis remap=\"I\">#include</emphasis> file is:"
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> manipulates the contents of the shadow password file, <_:"
+"filename-2/>. The structure in the <_:emphasis-3/> file is:"
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> verändert den Inhalt der Shadow-"
+"Passwort-Datei <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. Der Aufbau der Datei "
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">#include</emphasis> ist:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:100
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "struct spwd {\n"
+#| "      char\t\t*sp_namp; /* user login name */\n"
+#| "      char\t\t*sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_lstchg; /* last password change */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_min; /* days until change allowed. */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_max; /* days before change required */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_inact; /* days before account inactive */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_expire; /* date when account expires */\n"
+#| "      unsigned long int\tsp_flag; /* reserved for future use */\n"
+#| "}\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid ""
+"struct spwd { char *sp_namp; /* user login name */ char *sp_pwdp; /* "
+"encrypted password */ long int sp_lstchg; /* last password change */ long "
+"int sp_min; /* days until change allowed. */ long int sp_max; /* days before "
+"change required */ long int sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */ long "
+"int sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */ long int sp_expire; /* date "
+"when account expires */ unsigned long int sp_flag; /* reserved for future "
+"use */ }"
+msgstr ""
+"struct spwd {\n"
+"      char  *sp_namp; /* Anmeldename des Benutzers */\n"
+"      char  *sp_pwdp; /* verschlüsseltes Passwort */\n"
+"      long int  sp_lstchg; /* letzte Änderung des Passworts */\n"
+"      long int  sp_min; /* Tage, ehe Änderung erlaubt ist */\n"
+"      long int  sp_max; /* Tage, bis Änderung erfolgen muss */\n"
+"      long int  sp_warn; /* Tage für Warnung vor Verfall */\n"
+"      long int  sp_inact; /* Tage, ehe Konto inaktiv wird */\n"
+"      long int  sp_expire; /* Datum, an dem Konto abgeschaltet wird */\n"
+"      unsigned long int  sp_flag; /* reserviert für zukünftigen Gebrauch*/\n"
+"}\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:112
+msgid "The meanings of each field are:"
+msgstr "Die Bedeutung dieser Felder ist:"
+
+# SB: Übersetzung von 'null-terminated'?
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:115
+msgid "sp_namp - pointer to null-terminated user name"
+msgstr "sp_namp - Verweis auf Benutzername, der mit einer Null endet"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:118
+msgid "sp_pwdp - pointer to null-terminated password"
+msgstr "sp_pwdp - Verweis auf Passwort, das mit einer Null endet"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:121
+msgid "sp_lstchg - days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_lstchg - Anzahl der Tage gerechnet ab dem 1. Januar 1970, seitdem das "
+"Passwort das letzte Mal geändert wurde"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:124
+msgid "sp_min - days before which password may not be changed"
+msgstr "sp_min - Anzahl der Tage, ehe das Passwort nicht geändert werden darf"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:127
+msgid "sp_max - days after which password must be changed"
+msgstr "sp_max - Anzahl der Tage, nach denen das Passwort geändert werden muss"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:130
+msgid ""
+"sp_warn - days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending "
+"password expiration"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_warn - Anzahl der Tage ehe das Passwort verfällt, an denen der Benutzer "
+"vor dem Verfall gewarnt wird"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"sp_inact - days after password expires that account is considered inactive "
+"and disabled"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_inact - Anzahl der Tage nach dem Verfall des Passworts, nach denen das "
+"Konto als inaktiv angesehen und abgeschaltet wird"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:140
+msgid "sp_expire - days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_expire - Anzahl Tage gerechnet ab dem 1. Januar 1970, für die das Konto "
+"abgeschaltet ist"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:143
+msgid "sp_flag - reserved for future use"
+msgstr "sp_flag - für zukünftigen Gebrauch reserviert"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:152 shadow.3.xml.out:155
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "getspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "getspname"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:153 shadow.3.xml.out:156
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "fgetspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:153 shadow.3.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "sgetspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:154 shadow.3.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "struct spwd *getspent();"
+msgid "struct spwd"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:161
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "*name"
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "*name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:151
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis>getspent</emphasis>, <emphasis>getspname</emphasis>, "
+#| "<emphasis>fgetspent</emphasis>, and <emphasis>sgetspent</emphasis> each "
+#| "return a pointer to a <emphasis>struct spwd</emphasis>. "
+#| "<emphasis>getspent</emphasis> returns the next entry from the file, and "
+#| "<emphasis>fgetspent</emphasis> returns the next entry from the given "
+#| "stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format. "
+#| "<emphasis>sgetspent</emphasis> returns a pointer to a <emphasis>struct "
+#| "spwd</emphasis> using the provided string as input. <emphasis>getspnam</"
+#| "emphasis> searches from the current position in the file for an entry "
+#| "matching <emphasis>name</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and <_:emphasis-4/> each "
+"return a pointer to a <_:emphasis-5/>. <_:emphasis-6/> returns the next "
+"entry from the file, and <_:emphasis-7/> returns the next entry from the "
+"given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format. <_:"
+"emphasis-8/> returns a pointer to a <_:emphasis-9/> using the provided "
+"string as input. <_:emphasis-10/> searches from the current position in the "
+"file for an entry matching <_:emphasis-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis>getspent</emphasis>, <emphasis>getspname</emphasis>, "
+"<emphasis>fgetspent</emphasis> und <emphasis>sgetspent</emphasis> geben "
+"einen Verweis auf <emphasis>struct spwd</emphasis> zurück. "
+"<emphasis>getspent</emphasis> gibt den nächsten Eintrag der Datei zurück. "
+"<emphasis>fgetspent</emphasis> gibt den nächsten Eintrag im angegebenen "
+"Datenstrom zurück, für den angenommen wird, dass es sich dabei um eine Datei "
+"im zulässigen Format handelt. <emphasis>sgetspent</emphasis> gibt einen "
+"Verweis auf einen <emphasis>struct spwd</emphasis> zurück, wobei die "
+"angegebene Zeichenkette als Eingabe verwendet wird. <emphasis>getspnam</"
+"emphasis> sucht ab der aktuellen Position in der Datei nach einem Eintrag, "
+"der mit <emphasis>name</emphasis> übereinstimmt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "void setspent();"
+msgid "setspent"
+msgstr "void setspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "void endspent();"
+msgid "endspent"
+msgstr "void endspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:164
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis>setspent</emphasis> and <emphasis>endspent</emphasis> may be "
+#| "used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> may be used to begin and end, "
+"respectively, access to the shadow password file."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis>setspent</emphasis> und <emphasis>endspent</emphasis> können "
+"verwendet werden, um den Zugriff auf die Shadow-Passwort-Datei zu beginnen "
+"oder zu beenden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:171 shadow.3.xml.out:173 shadow.3.xml.out:178
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "int lckpwdf();"
+msgid "lckpwdf"
+msgstr "int lckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:171
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "int ulckpwdf();"
+msgid "ulckpwdf"
+msgstr "int ulckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:174
+msgid "pw_lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:176
+msgid "spw_lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:170
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> and <emphasis>ulckpwdf</emphasis> "
+#| "routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the <filename>/etc/"
+#| "shadow</filename> file. <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> attempts to acquire "
+#| "a lock using <emphasis>pw_lock</emphasis> for up to 15 seconds. It "
+#| "continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using "
+#| "<emphasis>spw_lock</emphasis> for the remainder of the initial 15 "
+#| "seconds. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds, "
+#| "<emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> returns -1. When both locks are acquired 0 "
+#| "is returned."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> routines should be used to insure "
+"exclusive access to the <_:filename-3/> file. <_:emphasis-4/> attempts to "
+"acquire a lock using <_:emphasis-5/> for up to 15 seconds. It continues by "
+"attempting to acquire a second lock using <_:emphasis-6/> for the remainder "
+"of the initial 15 seconds. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 "
+"seconds, <_:emphasis-7/> returns -1. When both locks are acquired 0 is "
+"returned."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Routinen <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> und <emphasis>ulckpwdf</emphasis> "
+"sollten eingesetzt werden, da so sichergestellt werden kann, dass exlusiv "
+"auf die Datei <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> zugegriffen wird. "
+"<emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> versucht, eine Sperre durch <emphasis>pw_lock</"
+"emphasis> für bis zu 15 Sekunden zu erhalten. Dann versucht es, eine zweite "
+"Sperre durch <emphasis>spw_lock</emphasis> für den Rest der 15 Sekunden zu "
+"erhalten. Sollte einer der beiden Versuche nach insgesamt 15 Sekunden "
+"scheitern, gibt <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> -1 zurück. Wurden beide Sperren "
+"erhalten, wird 0 zurückgegeben."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:184 suauth.5.xml.out:189
+msgid "DIAGNOSTICS"
+msgstr "DIAGNOSE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:187
+msgid "int"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:185
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error "
+#| "occurs during processing. Routines which have <emphasis>int</emphasis> as "
+#| "the return value return 0 for success and -1 for failure."
+msgid ""
+"Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs "
+"during processing. Routines which have <_:emphasis-1/> as the return value "
+"return 0 for success and -1 for failure."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn kein weiterer Eintrag vorhanden ist oder während der Verarbeitung ein "
+"Fehler auftritt, geben die Routinen NULL zurück. Routinen, die "
+"<emphasis>int</emphasis> als Rückgabewert haben, geben im Erfolgsfall 0 und "
+"beim Scheitern -1 zurück."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"These routines may only be used by the superuser as access to the shadow "
+"password file is restricted."
+msgstr ""
+"Diese Routinen können nur von Root verwendet werden, da der Zugriff auf die "
+"Shadow-Passwort-Datei beschränkt ist."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:217
+msgid "getpwent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "shadowed password file"
+msgstr "Shadow-Passwortdatei"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>shadow</filename> is a file which contains the password "
+#| "information for the system's accounts and optional aging information."
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> is a file which contains the password information for the "
+"system's accounts and optional aging information."
+msgstr ""
+"<filename>shadow</filename> ist eine Datei, welche die  "
+"Passwortinformationen für die Konten des Systems und fakultativ "
+"Informationen zum Verfall der Passwörter enthält."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (<quote>:</"
+#| "quote>), in the following order:"
+msgid ""
+"Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (<_:quote-1/"
+">), in the following order:"
+msgstr ""
+"Jede Zeile dieser Datei enthält folgende neun Felder, die durch Doppelpunkt "
+"(<quote>:</quote>) getrennt werden:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "It must be a valid account name, which exist on the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Dabei muss es sich um eine gültigen Kontonamen handeln, der auf dem System "
+"existiert."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to "
+#| "authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications "
+#| "which read the <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file may decide not to "
+#| "permit any access at all if the password field is empty."
+msgid ""
+"This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to "
+"authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications which "
+"read the <_:filename-1/> file may decide not to permit any access at all if "
+"the password field is empty."
+msgstr ""
+"Dieses Feld kann leer bleiben. In diesem Fall kann sich der angegebene "
+"Benutzer ohne Passwort anmelden. Möglicherweise verweigern Anwendungen, "
+"welche die Datei <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> auswerten, dennoch den "
+"Zugang, wenn das Passwortfeld leer ist."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:103
+msgid "date of last password change"
+msgstr "Datum, an dem das Passwort das letzte Mal geändert wurde"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:106
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days "
+#| "since Jan 1, 1970."
+msgid ""
+"The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since "
+"Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC."
+msgstr ""
+"Das Datum, als das Passwort das letzte Mal geändert wurde, wird als Anzahl "
+"der Tage seit dem 1. Januar 1970 ausgedrückt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:110
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change "
+#| "her pasword the next time she will log in the system."
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her "
+"password the next time she will log in the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Dem Wert 0 kommt eine besondere Bedeutung zu: Der Benutzer sollte sein "
+"Passwort bei der nächsten Anmeldung ändern."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:115
+msgid "An empty field means that password aging features are disabled."
+msgstr ""
+"Ein leeres Feld bedeutet, dass das Altern des Passworts abgeschaltet ist."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:122
+msgid "minimum password age"
+msgstr "Mindestalter des Passworts"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"The minimum password age is the number of days the user will have to wait "
+"before she will be allowed to change her password again."
+msgstr ""
+"Das Mindestalter des Passworts ist die Anzahl von Tagen, die ein Benutzer "
+"warten muss, bevor er sein Passwort wieder ändern darf."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no minimum password age."
+msgid "An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age."
+msgstr ""
+"Eine leeres Feld oder der Wert 0 bedeuten, dass es kein Mindestalter eines "
+"Passworts gibt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:136
+msgid "maximum password age"
+msgstr "Höchstalter des Passworts"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"The maximum password age is the number of days after which the user will "
+"have to change her password."
+msgstr ""
+"Das Höchstalter des Passworts ist die Anzahl von Tagen, nach welcher der "
+"Benutzer sein Passwort ändern muss."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:142
+msgid ""
+"After this number of days is elapsed, the password may still be valid. The "
+"user should be asked to change her password the next time she will log in."
+msgstr ""
+"Auch nach Ablauf dieser Anzahl von Tagen bleibt das Passwort gültig. Der "
+"Benutzer wird bei der nächsten Anmeldung aufgefordert, sein Passwort zu "
+"ändern."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:147
+msgid ""
+"An empty field means that there are no maximum password age, no password "
+"warning period, and no password inactivity period (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Ein leeres Feld bedeutet, dass es kein Höchstalter für das Passwort, keine "
+"Vorwarnung und keine Dauer der Untätigkeit (siehe unten) gibt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:152
+msgid ""
+"If the maximum password age is lower than the minimum password age, the user "
+"cannot change her password."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn das Höchstalter niedriger als das Mindestalter eines Passworts ist, "
+"kann ein Benutzer sein Passwort nicht ändern."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:160
+msgid "password warning period"
+msgstr "Passwortvorwarndauer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:163
+msgid ""
+"The number of days before a password is going to expire (see the maximum "
+"password age above) during which the user should be warned."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Anzahl von Tagen, während welcher der Benutzer vorgewarnt wird, bevor "
+"sein Passwort abläuft (siehe das Höchstalter des Passworts)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:168
+msgid ""
+"An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no password warning period."
+msgstr ""
+"Ein leeres Feld oder der Wert 0 bedeutet, dass es keine Vorwarnung gibt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:176
+msgid "password inactivity period"
+msgstr "Dauer der fehlenden Verwendung des Passworts"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:179
+msgid ""
+"The number of days after a password has expired (see the maximum password "
+"age above) during which the password should still be accepted (and the user "
+"should update her password during the next login)."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Anzahl von Tagen, für die ein Benutzer sein Passwort, nachdem es "
+"abgelaufen ist (vergleiche oben das Höchstalter des Passworts), noch "
+"verwenden kann (und während des nächsten Logins ändern muss)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:185
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, "
+#| "no login is possible using the current user's password. The user should "
+#| "contact her administrator."
+msgid ""
+"After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no "
+"login is possible for the user. The user should contact her administrator."
+msgstr ""
+"Nachdem das Passwort abgelaufen ist und auch die Dauer der Untätigkeit "
+"verstrichen ist, kann sich der Benutzer mit seinem Passwort nicht mehr "
+"anmelden. Er muss sich dann an den Administrator wenden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:190
+msgid ""
+"An empty field means that there are no enforcement of an inactivity period."
+msgstr ""
+"Ein leeres Feld bedeutet, dass es keine Höchstdauer zwischen Ablauf des "
+"Passworts und erneuter Anmeldung des Benutzers gibt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:198
+msgid "account expiration date"
+msgstr "Datum des Verfalls des Kontos"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:201
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days "
+#| "since Jan 1, 1970."
+msgid ""
+"The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since "
+"Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC."
+msgstr ""
+"Das Datum, an dem das Konto verfällt, wird als Anzahl der Tage seit dem 1. "
+"Januar 1970 ausgedrückt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration. In "
+#| "case of an acount expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login. In "
+#| "case of a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her "
+#| "password."
+msgid ""
+"Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration. In case "
+"of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login. In case of "
+"a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password."
+msgstr ""
+"Beachten Sie, dass der Verfall eines Kontos sich von dem Ablaufen eines "
+"Passworts unterscheidet. Im ersteren Fall kann sich der Benutzer nicht mehr "
+"anmelden. Im letzteren Fall kann sich der Benutzer nur nicht mehr mit seinem "
+"(alten) Passwort anmelden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:211
+msgid "An empty field means that the account will never expire."
+msgstr "Ein leeres Feld bedeutet, dass das Konto nicht verfallen wird."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:214
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 should not be used as it is interpreted as either an account "
+"with no expiration, or as an expiration on Jan 1, 1970."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Wert 0 sollte nicht verwendet werden, weil er sowohl bedeuten kann, dass "
+"das Konto nicht verfällt als auch, dass das Konto bereits am 1. Januar 1970 "
+"verfallen ist."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:222
+msgid "reserved field"
+msgstr "reserviertes Feld"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:224
+msgid "This field is reserved for future use."
+msgstr "Dieses Feld ist für zukünftigen Gebrauch reserviert."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:246
+msgid "/etc/shadow-"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:248
+msgid "Backup file for /etc/shadow."
+msgstr "Sicherungskopie von /etc/shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: sg.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "execute command as different group ID"
+msgstr "führt einen Befehl unter einer anderen Gruppen-ID aus"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: sg.1.xml.out:49
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group <placeholder-1/> command"
+msgid "group <_:arg-1/> command"
+msgstr "Gruppe <placeholder-1/> Befehl"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: sg.1.xml.out:58
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>sg</command> command works similar to <command>newgrp</"
+#| "command> but accepts a command. The command will be executed with the "
+#| "<filename>/bin/sh</filename> shell. With most shells you may run "
+#| "<command>sg</command> from, you need to enclose multi-word commands in "
+#| "quotes. Another difference between <command>newgrp</command> and "
+#| "<command>sg</command> is that some shells treat <command>newgrp</command> "
+#| "specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that "
+#| "<command>newgrp</command> creates. This doesn't happen with <command>sg</"
+#| "command>, so upon exit from a <command>sg</command> command you are "
+#| "returned to your previous group ID."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command works similar to <_:command-2/> but accepts a "
+"command. The command will be executed with the <_:filename-3/> shell. With "
+"most shells you may run <_:command-4/> from, you need to enclose multi-word "
+"commands in quotes. Another difference between <_:command-5/> and <_:"
+"command-6/> is that some shells treat <_:command-7/> specially, replacing "
+"themselves with a new instance of a shell that <_:command-8/> creates. This "
+"doesn't happen with <_:command-9/>, so upon exit from a <_:command-10/> "
+"command you are returned to your previous group ID."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Befehl <command>sg</command> funktioniert so ähnlich wie der Befehl "
+"<command>newgrp</command>, übernimmt aber auch einen Befehl. Dieser Befehl "
+"wird in der Shell <filename>/bin/sh</filename> ausgeführt. Bei den meisten "
+"Shells, in denen Sie <command>sg</command> ausführen, müssen Sie die "
+"Befehle, die aus mehrere Wörtern bestehen, in Anführungszeichen einfassen. "
+"Ein weiterer Unterschied zwischen <command>newgrp</command> und <command>sg</"
+"command> ist, dass einige Shells <command>newgrp</command> besonders "
+"behandeln: sie ersetzen sich mit einer neuen Instanz der Shell, die von "
+"<command>newgrp</command> erzeugt wurde. Dies geschieht nicht mit "
+"<command>sg</command>, daher werden Sie nach Beenden des Befehls "
+"<command>sg</command> zu Ihrer vorherigen Gruppen-ID zurückkehren."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: su.1.xml.out:58
+msgid "change user ID or become superuser"
+msgstr "ändert die Benutzer-ID oder wechselt zu Root"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:72
+msgid "args"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:80
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>su</command> command is used to become another user during a "
+#| "login session. Invoked without a <option>username</option>, <command>su</"
+#| "command> defaults to becoming the superuser. The optional argument "
+#| "<option>-</option> may be used to provide an environment similar to what "
+#| "the user would expect had the user logged in directly."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to become another user during a login "
+"session. Invoked without a <_:option-2/>, <_:command-3/> defaults to "
+"becoming the superuser. The <_:option-4/> option may be used to provide an "
+"environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in "
+"directly. The <_:option-5/> option may be used to treat the next argument as "
+"a command by most shells."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Befehl <command>su</command> dient dazu, während einer Sitzung ein "
+"anderer Benutzer zu werden. Wenn <command>su</command> ohne "
+"<option>username</option> aufgerufen wird, wechselt es standardmäßig zu "
+"Root. Zusätzlich kann das Argument <option>-</option> angegeben werden. "
+"Damit wird eine Umgebung zur Verfügung gestellt, die der entspricht, die der "
+"Benutzer nach einer direkten Anmeldung erwartet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:92 su.1.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "--"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:90
+msgid ""
+"Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list. You can use the <_:"
+"option-1/> argument to stop option parsing. The <_:option-2/> option is "
+"special: it is also recognized after <_:option-3/>, but has to be placed "
+"before <_:option-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:98
+msgid ""
+"The user will be prompted for a password, if appropriate. Invalid passwords "
+"will produce an error message. All attempts, both valid and invalid, are "
+"logged to detect abuse of the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Benutzer wird gegebenenfalls nach einem Passwort gefragt. Ungültige "
+"Passworteingaben werden eine Fehlermeldung erzeugen. Sowohl erfolgreiche als "
+"auch misslungene Versuche werden protokolliert, um Missbrauch des Systems zu "
+"entdecken."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: su.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "/bin:/usr/bin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: su.1.xml.out:106
+msgid "/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:108 su.1.xml.out:220
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "$PATH"
+msgid "ENV_PATH"
+msgstr "$PATH"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:108 su.1.xml.out:221
+msgid "ENV_SUPATH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:103
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of "
+#| "<envar>$PATH</envar> is reset to <filename>/bin:/usr/bin</filename> for "
+#| "normal users, or <filename>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</filename> for "
+#| "the superuser. This may be changed with the <option>ENV_PATH</option> and "
+#| "<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> definitions in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of <_:envar-1/"
+"> is reset to <_:filename-2/> for normal users, or <_:filename-3/> for the "
+"superuser. This may be changed with the <_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/> "
+"definitions in <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Die aktuelle Umgebung wird an die neue Shell übergeben. Der Wert von "
+"<envar>$PATH</envar> wird für normale Benutzer auf <filename>/bin:/usr/bin</"
+"filename> gesetzt, für Root auf <filename>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</"
+"filename>. Dieses Verhalten kann durch die Definition von <option>ENV_PATH</"
+"option> und <option>ENV_SUPATH</option> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename> geändert werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+msgid "--command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+msgid "COMMAND"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its <option>-c</"
+#| "option>."
+msgid ""
+"Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its <_:option-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"gibt einen Befehl an, der von der Shell mittels ihrer Option <option>-c</"
+"option> ausgeführt wird"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The executed command will have no controlling terminal. This option "
+#| "cannot be used to execute interractive programs which need a controlling "
+#| "TTY."
+msgid ""
+"The executed command will have no controlling terminal. This option cannot "
+"be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY."
+msgstr ""
+"Der ausgeführte Befehl hat kein ihn steuerndes Terminal. Mit dieser Option "
+"können keine interaktiven Programme, die ein sie steuerndes TTY benötigen, "
+"ausgeführt werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:156 su.1.xml.out:256 su.1.xml.out:263
+#: su.1.xml.out:273 su.1.xml.out:286 usermod.8.xml.out:217
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "--login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: su.1.xml.out:143 su.1.xml.out:206
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>"
+msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:147
+msgid ""
+"Provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user "
+"logged in directly."
+msgstr ""
+"Eine Umgebung wird zur Verfügung gestellt, die der entspricht, die der "
+"Benutzer nach einer direkten Anmeldung erwartet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:151
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When <option>-</option> is used, it must be specified as the last "
+#| "<command>su</command> option. The other forms (<option>-l</option> and "
+#| "<option>--login</option>) do not have this restriction."
+msgid ""
+"When <_:option-1/> is used, it must be specified before any <_:option-2/>. "
+"For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any <_:"
+"option-3/>. The other forms (<_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/>) do not have "
+"this restriction."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn <option>-</option> verwendet wird, muss es als die letzte Option von "
+"<command>su</command> angegeben werden. Die übrigen Formen ((<option>-l</"
+"option> und <option>--login</option>) unterliegen nicht dieser Beschränkung."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:166
+msgid "The shell that will be invoked."
+msgstr "die Shell, die gestartet wird"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:174
+msgid "The shell specified with --shell."
+msgstr "die Shell, die mit --shell angegeben wurde"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:178 su.1.xml.out:208
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Preserve environment."
+msgid "--preserve-environment"
+msgstr "behält die Umgebungseinstellungen bei"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:177
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--preserve-environment</option> is used, the shell specified "
+#| "by the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environment variable."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the shell specified by the <_:envar-2/> "
+"environment variable."
+msgstr ""
+"Falls <option>--preserve-environment</option> verwendet wird, die Shell, die "
+"durch die Umgebungsvariable <envar>$SHELL</envar> festgelegt wird."
+
+# SB: Bessere Übersetzung als 'Zielbenutzer'?
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:184
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The shell indicated in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> entry for the "
+#| "target user."
+msgid "The shell indicated in the <_:filename-1/> entry for the target user."
+msgstr ""
+"die Shell, die in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> für den Zielbenutzer "
+"angegeben ist"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:190
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/bin/sh</filename> if a shell could not be found by any above "
+#| "method."
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> if a shell could not be found by any above method."
+msgstr ""
+"<filename>/bin/sh</filename>, falls durch die obigen Methoden keine Shell "
+"gefunden werden kann"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:167
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): <placeholder-1/"
+#| ">"
+msgid ""
+"The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): <_:variablelist-1/"
+">"
+msgstr ""
+"Die aufgerufene Shell wird bestimmt durch (höchste Priorität zuerst): "
+"<placeholder-1/>"
+
+# SB: Bessere Übersetzung als 'Zielbenutzer'?
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:195
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of this "
+#| "user's entry in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> is not listed in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/shells</filename>), then the <option>--shell</option> "
+#| "option or the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environment variable won't be taken "
+#| "into account, unless <command>su</command> is called by root."
+msgid ""
+"If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of this "
+"user's entry in <_:filename-1/> is not listed in <_:filename-2/>), then the "
+"<_:option-3/> option or the <_:envar-4/> environment variable won't be taken "
+"into account, unless <_:command-5/> is called by root."
+msgstr ""
+"Falls der Zielbenutzer eine beschränkte Shell hat (d.h. das Feld für die "
+"Shell im Eintrag des Benutzers in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> ist nicht "
+"in <filename>/etc/shells</filename>) aufgeführt), werden die Option "
+"<option>--shell</option> und die Umgebungsvariable <envar>$SHELL</envar> "
+"nicht beachtet, sofern <command>su</command> nicht von Root aufgerufen wird."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:217
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "reset according to the <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> options "
+#| "<option>ENV_PATH</option> or <option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (see below);"
+msgid ""
+"reset according to the <_:filename-1/> options <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/"
+"> (see below);"
+msgstr ""
+"auf den Ausgangswert entsprechend der Optionen <option>ENV_PATH</option> "
+"oder <option>ENV_SUPATH</option> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+"zurücksetzen (siehe unten);"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/envar
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:226 su.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "$IFS"
+msgstr "$IFS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: su.1.xml.out:230
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "reset to <quote>&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;</quote>, if it "
+#| "was set."
+msgid "&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;"
+msgstr ""
+"auf <quote>&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;</quote> zurücksetzen, "
+"falls es verändert wurde"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:228
+msgid "reset to <_:quote-1/>, if it was set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Preserve the current environment, except for: <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "Preserve the current environment, except for: <_:variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr "Erhält die aktuelle Umgebung mit Ausnahme von: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:237
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect "
+#| "(unless <command>su</command> is called by root)."
+msgid ""
+"If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless "
+"<_:command-1/> is called by root)."
+msgstr ""
+"Falls der Zielbenutzer eine beschränkte Shell besitzt, hat diese Option "
+"keinen Effekt (sofern <command>su</command> nicht von Root aufgerufen wird)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:248
+msgid "$USER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:246
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <envar>$HOME</envar>, <envar>$SHELL</envar>, <envar>$USER</envar>, "
+#| "<envar>$LOGNAME</envar>, <envar>$PATH</envar>, and <envar>$IFS</envar> "
+#| "environment variables are reset."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:envar-1/>, <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, <_:envar-5/>, "
+"and <_:envar-6/> environment variables are reset."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Umgebungsvariablen <envar>$HOME</envar>, <envar>$SHELL</envar>, "
+"<envar>$USER</envar>, <envar>$LOGNAME</envar>, <envar>$PATH</envar> und "
+"<envar>$IFS</envar> werden zurückgesetzt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:255
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--login</option> is not used, the environment is copied, "
+#| "except for the variables above."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is not used, the environment is copied, except for the "
+"variables above."
+msgstr ""
+"Falls nicht <option>--login</option> verwendet wurde, wird die Umgebung mit "
+"der Ausnahme der genannten Variablen kopiert."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:264
+msgid "$COLORTERM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:265
+msgid "$DISPLAY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:266
+msgid "$XAUTHORITY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:262
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--login</option> is used, the <envar>$TERM</envar>, "
+#| "<envar>$COLORTERM</envar>, <envar>$DISPLAY</envar>, and "
+#| "<envar>$XAUTHORITY</envar> environment variables are copied if they were "
+#| "set."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, and "
+"<_:envar-5/> environment variables are copied if they were set."
+msgstr ""
+"Falls <option>--login</option> verwendet wurde, werden die Variablen "
+"<envar>$TERM</envar>, <envar>$COLORTERM</envar>, <envar>$DISPLAY</envar> und "
+"<envar>$XAUTHORITY</envar> übernommen, wenn ihnen ein Wert zugewiesen wurde."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:274
+msgid "$TZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:274
+msgid "$HZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:279
+msgid "ENV_HZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:279 userdel.8.xml.out:116
+msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:280
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "FILE"
+msgid "MAIL_FILE"
+msgstr "DATEIEN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:272
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--login</option> is used, the <envar>$TZ</envar>, <envar>$HZ</"
+#| "envar>, and <envar>$MAIL</envar> environment variables are set according "
+#| "to the <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> options <option>ENV_TZ</"
+#| "option>, <option>ENV_HZ</option>, <option>MAIL_DIR</option>, and "
+#| "<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (see below)."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, and <_:envar-4/> "
+"environment variables are set according to the <_:filename-5/> options <_:"
+"option-6/>, <_:option-7/>, <_:option-8/>, and <_:option-9/> (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Falls <option>--login</option> verwendet wurde, werden die "
+"Umgebungsvariablen <envar>$TZ</envar>, <envar>$HZ</envar> und <envar>$MAIL</"
+"envar> auf die in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> definierten Optionen "
+"<option>ENV_TZ</option>, <option>ENV_HZ</option>, <option>MAIL_DIR</option> "
+"und <option>MAIL_FILE</option> (siehe unten) gesetzt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:288
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "ENVIRONMENT"
+msgid "ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr "UMGEBUNGSVARIABLEN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:285
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--login</option> is used, other environment variables might be "
+#| "set by the <option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> file (see below)."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, other environment variables might be set by the <_:"
+"option-2/> file (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn <option>--login</option> verwendet wird, können andere "
+"Umgebungsvariablen mit der Datei <option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> vergeben "
+"werden (siehe unten)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:293
+msgid "Other environments might be set by PAM modules."
+msgstr "Andere Umgebungen können auch durch PAM-Module eingerichtet werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:241
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: "
+#| "<placeholder-1/>"
+msgid ""
+"Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: <_:"
+"variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Beachten Sie, dass Folgendes das Standardverhalten für die Umgebung ist: "
+"<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:367
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "On success, <command>su</command> returns the exit value of the command "
+#| "it executed."
+msgid ""
+"On success, <_:command-1/> returns the exit value of the command it executed."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn <command>su</command> erfolgreich ausgeführt wird, gibt es den "
+"Rückgabewert des mit ihm ausgeführten Befehls zurück."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:371
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this command was terminated by a signal, <command>su</command> returns "
+#| "the number of this signal plus 128."
+msgid ""
+"If this command was terminated by a signal, <_:command-1/> returns the "
+"number of this signal plus 128."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn dieser Befehl mit einem Signal beendet wurde, gibt <command>su</"
+"command> die Nummer des Signals plus 128 zurück."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:375
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the "
+#| "command did not terminate in time), <command>su</command> returns 255."
+msgid ""
+"If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the "
+"command did not terminate in time), <_:command-1/> returns 255."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn <command>su</command> den Befehl mit kill beenden musste (weil er der "
+"Aufforderung, sich zu beenden, nicht rechtzeitig nachgekommen ist), gibt es "
+"255 zurück."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:387
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "success (<option>--help</option> only)"
+msgid "success (<_:option-1/> only)"
+msgstr "Erfolg (nur bei <option>--help</option>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:393
+msgid "System or authentication failure"
+msgstr "System- oder Anmeldefehler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:397
+msgid "126"
+msgstr "126"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:399
+msgid "The requested command was not found"
+msgstr "Der angegebene Befehl konnte nicht gefunden werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:403
+msgid "127"
+msgstr "127"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:405
+msgid "The requested command could not be executed"
+msgstr "Der angegebene Befehl konnte nicht ausgeführt werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:380
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Some exit values from <command>su</command> are independent from the "
+#| "executed command: <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid ""
+"Some exit values from <_:command-1/> are independent from the executed "
+"command: <_:variablelist-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Einige Rückgabewerte von <command>su</command> sind unabhängig von dem "
+"ausgeführten Befehl: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:414
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#| "citerefentry>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:33 suauth.5.xml.out:40
+msgid "suauth"
+msgstr "suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "detailed su control file"
+msgstr "ausführliche Kontrolldatei für su"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:46 suauth.5.xml.out:53 suauth.5.xml.out:172
+msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:52
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The file <filename>/etc/suauth</filename> is referenced whenever the su "
+#| "command is called. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based "
+#| "upon:"
+msgid ""
+"The file <_:filename-1/> is referenced whenever the su command is called. It "
+"can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:"
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn der Befehl su aufgerufen wird, wird die Datei <filename>/etc/suauth</"
+"filename> ausgewertet. Dadurch kann das Verhalten des Befehls su verändert "
+"werden. Dies hängt von Folgendem ab:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      1) the user su is targetting\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "1) the user su is targeting"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      1) auf welchen Benutzer su gerichtet ist\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:63
+msgid ""
+"2) the user executing the su command (or any groups he might be a member of)"
+msgstr ""
+"2) dem Benutzer, der su ausführt (oder einer Gruppe, deren Mitglied er ist)"
+
+# SB: Shouldn't it be ":" at the end?
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:68
+msgid ""
+"The file is formatted like this, with lines starting with a # being treated "
+"as comment lines and ignored;"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Datei ist folgendermaßen aufgebaut, wobei Zeilen, die mit einem # "
+"beginnen, als Kommentare behandelt und daher ignoriert werden:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:73
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      to-id:from-id:ACTION\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "to-id:from-id:ACTION"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      Herkunfts-ID:Ziel-ID:AKTION\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "ALL EXCEPT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:77
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Where to-id is either the word <emphasis>ALL</emphasis>, a list of "
+#| "usernames delimited by \",\" or the words <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT</emphasis> "
+#| "followed by a list of usernames delimited by \",\"."
+msgid ""
+"Where to-id is either the word <_:emphasis-1/>, a list of usernames "
+"delimited by \",\" or the words <_:emphasis-2/> followed by a list of "
+"usernames delimited by \",\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Hierbei kann to-id <emphasis>ALL</emphasis>, eine Aufzählung von "
+"Benutzernamen, die durch ein »,« getrennt werden, oder <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT</"
+"emphasis>, die von einer Aufzählung von Benutzernamen gefolgt werden, die "
+"durch ein »,« getrennt werden, sein."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "ALL EXCEPT GROUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+# SB: What is the meaning of the last sentence?
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:83
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word "
+#| "<emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> is recognised. <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT GROUP</"
+#| "emphasis> is perfectly valid too. Following <emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> "
+#| "appears one or more group names, delimited by \",\". It is not sufficient "
+#| "to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>/etc/group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> is neccessary."
+msgid ""
+"from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word <_:emphasis-1/> "
+"is recognized. <_:emphasis-2/> is perfectly valid too. Following <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> appears one or more group names, delimited by \",\". It is not "
+"sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/> is necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"from-id hat das gleiche Format wie to-id mit der Ausnahme, dass zusätzlich "
+"<emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> zulässig ist. Auch <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT GROUP</"
+"emphasis> ist zulässig. Nach <emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> werden ein oder "
+"mehrere Gruppennamen aufgeführt, die durch »,« getrennt sind. Die Haupt-ID "
+"einer Gruppe reicht nicht aus, sondern ein Eintrag in "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>/etc/group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+"manvolnum></citerefentry> ist notwendig."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:94
+msgid "Action can be one only of the following currently supported options."
+msgstr "Als Aktion können nur die folgenden Optionen angegeben werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:100
+msgid "DENY"
+msgstr "DENY"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:103
+msgid "The attempt to su is stopped before a password is even asked for."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Versuch, su auszuführen, wird abgebrochen, ehe nach einem Passwort "
+"gefragt wird."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "NOPASS"
+msgstr "NOPASS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:113
+msgid ""
+"The attempt to su is automatically successful; no password is asked for."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Versuch, su auszuführen, hat automatisch Erfolg. Ein Passwort wird nicht "
+"abgefragt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:121
+msgid "OWNPASS"
+msgstr "OWNPASS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"For the su command to be successful, the user must enter his or her own "
+"password. They are told this."
+msgstr ""
+"Damit der Befehl su Erfolg hat, muss der Benutzer sein eigenes Passwort "
+"eingeben. Darauf wird er hingewiesen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"Note there are three separate fields delimited by a colon. No whitespace "
+"must surround this colon. Also note that the file is examined sequentially "
+"line by line, and the first applicable rule is used without examining the "
+"file further. This makes it possible for a system administrator to exercise "
+"as fine control as he or she wishes."
+msgstr ""
+"Beachten Sie, dass es sich um drei selbständige Felder handelt, die durch "
+"einen Doppelpunkt getrennt sind. Neben den Doppelpunkten darf sich kein "
+"Leerzeichen befinden. Beachten Sie zudem, dass die Datei von oben nach unten "
+"Zeile für Zeile durchgegangen wird. Die erste Regel, die zutreffend ist, "
+"wird angewendet, ohne dass die Datei weiter ausgewertet wird. Damit kann ein "
+"Systemadministrator eine strenge Kontrolle ausüben."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:142
+msgid "EXAMPLE"
+msgstr "BEISPIEL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:143
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      # sample /etc/suauth file\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      # A couple of privileged usernames may\n"
+#| "      # su to root with their own password.\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      # Anyone else may not su to root unless in\n"
+#| "      # group wheel. This is how BSD does things.\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts\n"
+#| "      # owned by the same person.\n"
+#| "      # Access can be arranged between them\n"
+#| "      # with no password.\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      terry:birddog:NOPASS\n"
+#| "      birddog:terry:NOPASS\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid ""
+"# sample /etc/suauth file # # A couple of privileged usernames may # su to "
+"root with their own password. # root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS # # Anyone else "
+"may not su to root unless in # group wheel. This is how BSD does things. # "
+"root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY # # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts "
+"# owned by the same person. # Access can be arranged between them # with no "
+"password. # terry:birddog:NOPASS birddog:terry:NOPASS #"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      # /etc/suauth-Beispielsdatei\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      # Einige besondere Benutzer dürfen su\n"
+"      # auf Root mit ihrem eigenen Passwort ausführen.\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      # Alle anderen Benutzer dürfen nicht su auf Root\n"
+"      # ausführen, falls sie nicht in der Gruppe wheel\n"
+"      # sind. Dies wird bei BSD so gehandhabt.\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      # Die Konten terry und birddog gehören derselben\n"
+"      # Person. Sie können ohne Passwort aufeinander\n"
+"      # zugreifen.\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      terry:birddog:NOPASS\n"
+"      birddog:terry:NOPASS\n"
+"      #\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:180
+msgid ""
+"There could be plenty lurking. The file parser is particularly unforgiving "
+"about syntax errors, expecting no spurious whitespace (apart from beginning "
+"and end of lines), and a specific token delimiting different things."
+msgstr ""
+"Es gibt zahlreiche Fehlerquellen. Die Auswertung der Datei ist sehr "
+"empfindlich bei Syntaxfehlern, zusätzlichen Leerzeichen (außer am Anfang und "
+"Schluss einer Zeile) und dem besonderen Zeichen, das die verschiedenen "
+"Felder von einander trennt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:192
+msgid "syslogd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:190
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "An error parsing the file is reported using "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslogd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> as level ERR on facility AUTH."
+msgid ""
+"An error parsing the file is reported using <_:citerefentry-1/> as level ERR "
+"on facility AUTH."
+msgstr ""
+"Fehler beim Auswerten der Datei werden an "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslogd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+"manvolnum></citerefentry> mit der Stufe ERR an das Gerät AUTH gemeldet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:60
+msgid "create a new user or update default new user information"
+msgstr ""
+"erstellt einen neuen Benutzer oder aktualisiert die Standardwerte für neue "
+"Benutzer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:72 useradd.8.xml.out:76 useradd.8.xml.out:86
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:169 useradd.8.xml.out:583 useradd.8.xml.out:585
+msgid "-D"
+msgstr "-D"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When invoked without the <option>-D</option> option, the "
+#| "<command>useradd</command> command creates a new user account using the "
+#| "values specified on the command line plus the default values from the "
+#| "system. Depending on command line options, the <command>useradd</command> "
+#| "command will update system files and may also create the new user's home "
+#| "directory and copy initial files."
+msgid ""
+"When invoked without the <_:option-1/> option, the <_:command-2/> command "
+"creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line "
+"plus the default values from the system. Depending on command line options, "
+"the <_:command-3/> command will update system files and may also create the "
+"new user's home directory and copy initial files."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn der Befehl <command>useradd</command> ohne die Option <option>-D</"
+"option> aufgerufen wird, wird ein neues Benutzerkonto mit den Werten "
+"erstellt, die auf der Befehlszeile angegeben wurden, und den Standardwerten "
+"des Systems. Je nach den Optionen auf der Befehlszeile aktualisiert der "
+"Befehl <command>useradd</command> Systemdateien, erstellt ein Home-"
+"Verzeichnis für den neuen Benutzer und kopiert Dateien."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see <option>-"
+#| "g</option>, <option>-N</option>, <option>-U</option>, and "
+#| "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option>)."
+msgid ""
+"By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see <_:option-1/"
+">, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, and <_:option-4/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Standardmäßig wird auch eine Gruppe für den neuen Benutzer erstellt "
+"(vergleiche <option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option>, <option>-U</option> "
+"und <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:592
+msgid "--base-dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:124 useradd.8.xml.out:159
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:592 useradd.8.xml.out:598
+msgid "BASE_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:123 useradd.8.xml.out:151 useradd.8.xml.out:156
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:161 usermod.8.xml.out:112
+msgid "HOME_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:121
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default base directory for the system if <option>-d</option>&nbsp;"
+#| "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> is not specified. "
+#| "<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> is concatenated with the account name "
+#| "to define the home directory. If the <option>-m</option> option is not "
+#| "used, <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> must exist."
+msgid ""
+"The default base directory for the system if <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/"
+"> is not specified. <_:replaceable-3/> is concatenated with the account name "
+"to define the home directory."
+msgstr ""
+"Das standardmäßige Wurzelverzeichnis des Systems, wenn nicht eines mit "
+"<option>-d</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_VERZ</replaceable> festgelegt "
+"wurde. Der Name des Home-Verzeichnisses besteht aus der Verbindung von "
+"<replaceable>WURZEL_VERZ</replaceable> und dem Kontonamen. Wenn die Option "
+"<option>-m</option> nicht verwendet wird, muss <replaceable>WURZEL_VERZ</"
+"replaceable> existieren."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:131 useradd.8.xml.out:603
+msgid "HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:189 useradd.8.xml.out:212
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:250 useradd.8.xml.out:293 useradd.8.xml.out:343
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:393 useradd.8.xml.out:523 useradd.8.xml.out:604
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:616 useradd.8.xml.out:633 useradd.8.xml.out:649
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:663 useradd.8.xml.out:677 useradd.8.xml.out:767
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:419
+msgid "/etc/default/useradd"
+msgstr "/etc/default/useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "home_ph"
+msgid "/home"
+msgstr "Tel_Privat"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this option is not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the "
+#| "base directory specified by the <option>HOME</option> variable in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or <filename>/home</filename> "
+#| "by default."
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the base directory "
+"specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or <_:filename-4/"
+"> by default."
+msgstr ""
+"Falls diese Option nicht angegeben wird, verwendet <command>useradd</"
+"command> das Wurzelverzeichnis, das mit der Variable <option>HOME</option> "
+"in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> festgelegt wurde, anderenfalls "
+"<filename>/home</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "--comment"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "COMMENT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:142
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Any text string. It is generally a short description of the login, and is "
+#| "currently used as the field for the user's full name."
+msgid ""
+"Any text string. It is generally a short description of the account, and is "
+"currently used as the field for the user's full name."
+msgstr ""
+"Eine beliebige Zeichenkette. Dies ist für gewöhnlich eine kurze Beschreibung "
+"des Logins und wird im Moment im Feld für den vollständigen Namen des "
+"Benutzers gespeichert."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "--home-dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:154
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The new user will be created using <replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> as "
+#| "the value for the user's login directory. The default is to append the "
+#| "<replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> name to <replaceable>BASE_DIR</"
+#| "replaceable> and use that as the login directory name. The directory "
+#| "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> does not have to exist but will not "
+#| "be created if it is missing."
+msgid ""
+"The new user will be created using <_:replaceable-1/> as the value for the "
+"user's login directory. The default is to append the <_:replaceable-2/> name "
+"to <_:replaceable-3/> and use that as the login directory name. If the "
+"directory <_:replaceable-4/> does not exist, then it will be created unless "
+"the <_:option-5/> option is specified."
+msgstr ""
+"Beim Anlegen des neuen Benutzers wird <replaceable>HOME_VERZ</replaceable> "
+"als das Anmeldeverzeichnis des Benutzers verwendet. Um den Namen des "
+"Anmeldeverzeichnisses zu erhalten, wird standardmäßig der "
+"<replaceable>ANMELDE</replaceable>-Name an <replaceable>WURZEL_VERZ</"
+"replaceable> angehängt. Das Verzeichnis <replaceable>HOME_VERZ</replaceable> "
+"muss nicht vorhanden sein, sondern wird gegebenenfalls angelegt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:169
+msgid "--defaults"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "See below, the subsection \"Changing the default values\"."
+msgstr "Lesen Sie dazu unten den Abschnitt »Die Standardwerte verändern«."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:184 usermod.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "YYYY-MM-DD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:182
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is "
+#| "specified in the format <emphasis remap=\"I\">YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified "
+"in the format <_:emphasis-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Das Datum, an welchem das Benutzerkonto deaktiviert wird. Das Datum muss im "
+"Format <emphasis remap=\"I\">JJJJ-MM-TT</emphasis> angegeben werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:188 useradd.8.xml.out:615 usermod.8.xml.out:418
+msgid "EXPIRE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:186
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the default expiry "
+#| "date specified by the <option>EXPIRE</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "default/useradd</filename>, or an empty string (no expiry) by default."
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the default expiry date specified "
+"by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or an empty string (no "
+"expiry) by default."
+msgstr ""
+"Falls nicht definiert, verwendet <command>useradd</command> das "
+"Standardverfallsdatum, das mit der Variable <option>EXPIRE</option> in "
+"<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> bestimmt wurde, anderenfalls eine "
+"leere Zeichenkette (kein Verfall)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:199
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where "
+"the user is expected to replace this password. The value is stored in the "
+"shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no "
+"delay. An input of -1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password "
+"file. See <_:citerefentry-1/>for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:208
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the default "
+#| "inactivity period specified by the <option>INACTIVE</option> variable in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or -1 by default."
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the default inactivity period "
+"specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or -1 by default."
+msgstr ""
+"Falls nicht definiert, verwendet <command>useradd</command> die "
+"Standarddauer der Inaktivität, die mit der Variable <option>INACTIVE</"
+"option> in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> bestimmt wurde, "
+"anderenfalls -1."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:218 useradd.8.xml.out:482
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-F"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:218
+msgid "--add-subids-for-system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:221
+msgid ""
+"Update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> even when creating a system "
+"account with <_:option-3/> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:233
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The group name or number of the user's initial login group. The group "
+#| "name must exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group."
+msgid ""
+"The name or the number of the user's primary group. The group name must "
+"exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Name oder die Nummer der anfänglichen Anmeldegruppe des Benutzers. Der "
+"Gruppenname muss existieren. Die Gruppenzahl muss auf eine bereits "
+"vorhandene Gruppe verweisen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "-U/--user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:247
+msgid "-N/--no-user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:238
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If not specified, the behavior of <command>useradd</command> will depend "
+#| "on the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> variable in <filename>/etc/login."
+#| "defs</filename>. If this variable is set to <replaceable>yes</"
+#| "replaceable> (or <option>-U/--user-group</option> is specified on the "
+#| "command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name "
+#| "as her loginname. If the variable is set to <replaceable>no</replaceable> "
+#| "(or <option>-N/--no-user-group</option> is specified on the command "
+#| "line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value "
+#| "specified by the <option>GROUP</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "default/useradd</filename>, or 100 by default."
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, the behavior of <_:command-1/> will depend on the <_:"
+"option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>. If this variable is set to <_:"
+"replaceable-4/> (or <_:option-5/> is specified on the command line), a group "
+"will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname. If the "
+"variable is set to <_:replaceable-6/> (or <_:option-7/> is specified on the "
+"command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the "
+"value specified by the <_:option-8/> variable in <_:filename-9/>, or 1000 by "
+"default."
+msgstr ""
+"Falls nicht definiert, hängt das Verhalten von <command>useradd</command> "
+"von der Variable <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> in <filename>/etc/login."
+"defs</filename> ab. Wenn diese Variable auf <replaceable>yes</replaceable> "
+"gesetzt ist (oder auf der Befehlszeile <option>-U/--user-group</option> "
+"angegeben wurde), wird für den Benutzer eine Gruppe, die auf seinen Namen "
+"lautet, erstellt. Wenn die Variable auf <replaceable>no</replaceable> "
+"gesetzt ist (oder auf der Befehlszeile <option>-N/--no-user-group</option> "
+"angegeben wurde), legt useradd als Hauptgruppe des neuen Benutzers diejenige "
+"fest, die mit der Variable <option>GROUP</option> in <filename>/etc/default/"
+"useradd</filename> definiert wurde, anderenfalls 100."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:83 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:322
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-G"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "--groups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "GROUP1"
+msgstr "GRUPPE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid ",GROUP2,..."
+msgstr "GRUPPE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid ",GROUPN"
+msgstr "GRUPPE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:256 usermod.8.xml.out:198
+msgid ""
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>[<_:emphasis-4/>[<_:"
+"emphasis-5/>]]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:260
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+#| "group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening "
+#| "whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group "
+#| "given with the <option>-g</option> option. The default is for the user to "
+#| "belong only to the initial group."
+msgid ""
+"A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+"group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. "
+"The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the "
+"<_:option-1/> option. The default is for the user to belong only to the "
+"initial group."
+msgstr ""
+"Eine Liste der zusätzlichen Gruppen, denen der Benutzer ebenfalls angehört. "
+"Die Gruppen sind durch Kommata ohne Leerzeichen voneinander zu trennen. Die "
+"Gruppen unterliegen denselben Beschränkungen wie die Gruppe, die mit der "
+"Option <option>-g</option> bestimmt wurde. Standardmäßig ist der Benutzer "
+"nur Mitglied der Ausgangsgruppe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+msgid "--skel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+msgid "SKEL_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:281
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied "
+#| "in the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by "
+#| "<command>useradd</command>."
+msgid ""
+"The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in "
+"the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by <_:"
+"command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Das Gerüstverzeichnis, das die Dateien und Verzeichnisse enthält, die in das "
+"Home-Verzeichnis des Benutzers kopiert werden, wenn es von <command>useradd</"
+"command> erstellt wird."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:288 useradd.8.xml.out:350
+msgid "--create-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:286
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is only valid if the <option>-m</option> (or <option>--create-"
+#| "home</option>) option is specified."
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid if the <_:option-1/> (or <_:option-2/>) option is "
+"specified."
+msgstr ""
+"Diese Option ist nur zulässig, wenn auch die Option <option>-m</option> "
+"(oder <option>--create-home</option>) angegeben wird."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:292
+msgid "SKEL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:294
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/skel/"
+msgid "/etc/skel"
+msgstr "/etc/skel/"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:290
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the "
+#| "<option>SKEL</option> variable in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+#| "filename> or, by default, <filename>/etc/skel</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the <_:"
+"option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/> or, by default, <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn diese Option nicht angegeben wird, wird das Gerüstverzeichnis durch die "
+"Variable <option>SKEL</option> in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> "
+"festgelegt, anderenfalls ist dieses <filename>/etc/skel</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "If possible, the ACLs and extended attributes are copied."
+msgstr "Soweit möglich, werden die ACLs und erweiterten Attribute kopiert."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:306
+msgid ""
+"Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (<_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:"
+"option-4/>, <_:option-5/> and others)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:312
+msgid ""
+"Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> can be used "
+"when creating an account to turn off password aging. Multiple <_:option-4/> "
+"options can be specified, e.g.: <_:option-5/> <_:replaceable-6/> =<_:"
+"replaceable-7/> <_:option-8/> <_:replaceable-9/>=<_:replaceable-10/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330
+msgid "--no-log-init"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:332
+msgid "Do not add the user to the lastlog and faillog databases."
+msgstr "Fügt den Benutzer nicht zu den Datenbanken lastlog und faillog hinzu."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:335
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are "
+#| "resetted to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user."
+msgid ""
+"By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are "
+"reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user."
+msgstr ""
+"Standardmäßig werden die Benutzereinträge in den Datenbanken lastlog und "
+"faillog zurückgesetzt, um zu vermeiden, dass der Eintrag eines früher "
+"gelöschten Benutzers verwendet wird."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:342
+msgid "LOG_INIT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:340
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will also consult the "
+"variable <_:option-2/> in the <_:filename-3/> if set to no the user will not "
+"be added to the lastlog and faillog databases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:353
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and "
+#| "directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined "
+#| "with the <option>-k</option> option) will be copied to the home directory."
+msgid ""
+"Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and "
+"directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with "
+"the <_:option-1/> option) will be copied to the home directory."
+msgstr ""
+"Erstellt das Home-Verzeichnis des Benutzers, wenn es nicht vorhanden ist. "
+"Die Dateien und Verzeichnisse im Gerüstverzeichnis, das mit der Option "
+"<option>-k</option> festgelegt werden kann, werden in das Home-Verzeichnis "
+"kopiert."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:361 useradd.8.xml.out:379 useradd.8.xml.out:475
+msgid "CREATE_HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:359
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, if this option is not specified and <option>CREATE_HOME</"
+#| "option> is not enabled, no home directories are created."
+msgid ""
+"By default, if this option is not specified and <_:option-1/> is not "
+"enabled, no home directories are created."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn diese Option nicht angegeben wird und <option>CREATE_HOME</option> "
+"nicht aktiviert wurde, wird standardmäßig kein Home-Verzeichnis erstellt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:364
+msgid ""
+"The directory where the user's home directory is created must exist and have "
+"proper SELinux context and permissions. Otherwise the user's home directory "
+"cannot be created or accessed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:373
+msgid "--no-create-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:376
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Do no create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting "
+#| "from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>) "
+#| "is set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Do not create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting "
+"from <_:filename-1/> (<_:option-2/>) is set to <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Erstellt nicht das Home-Verzeichnis des Benutzers, selbst wenn die "
+"systemweite Option <option>CREATE_HOME</option> in <filename>/etc/login."
+"defs</filename> auf <replaceable>yes</replaceable> gesetzt ist."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:386
+msgid "--no-user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:389
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to "
+#| "the group specified by the <option>-g</option> option or by the "
+#| "<option>GROUP</option> variable in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to "
+"the group specified by the <_:option-1/> option or by the <_:option-2/> "
+"variable in <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Erstellt keine Gruppe mit dem gleichen Namen wie der Benutzer, aber fügt ihn "
+"der Gruppe hinzu, die mit der Option <option>-g</option> oder mit der "
+"Variable <option>GROUP</option> in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> "
+"angegeben wurde."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:408
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Allow the creation of a user account with a duplicate (non-unique) UID."
+msgid "allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID."
+msgstr ""
+"Erlaubt das Erstellen eines Benutzerkontos mit einer schon vergebenen (nicht "
+"eindeutigen) UID."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:412 usermod.8.xml.out:277
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> option. As a "
+"user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and "
+"permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system's "
+"behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account "
+"of the given UID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:428
+msgid ""
+"defines an initial password for the account. PASSWORD is expected to be "
+"encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>. Within a shell script, this "
+"option allows to create efficiently batches of users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:435
+msgid ""
+"Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password "
+"defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of <_:"
+"filename-1/>. This is a state where the user won't be able to access the "
+"account or to define a password himself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:443
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis role=\"bold\">Note:</emphasis> This option is not recommended "
+#| "because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users "
+#| "listing the processes."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/>Avoid this option on the command line because the password "
+"(or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">Hinweis:</emphasis> Diese Option ist nicht "
+"empfehlenswert, weil das Passwort (auch wenn es verschlüsselt ist) für "
+"Benutzer sichtbar ist, die sich den Prozess anzeigen lassen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:471
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that <command>useradd</command> will not create a home directory for "
+#| "such an user, regardless of the default setting in <filename>/etc/login."
+#| "defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>). You have to specify the "
+#| "<option>-m</option> options if you want a home directory for a system "
+#| "account to be created."
+msgid ""
+"Note that <_:command-1/> will not create a home directory for such a user, "
+"regardless of the default setting in <_:filename-2/> (<_:option-3/>). You "
+"have to specify the <_:option-4/> options if you want a home directory for a "
+"system account to be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Beachten Sie, dass <command>useradd</command> für einen solchen Benutzer "
+"unabhängig von der Einstellung in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+"(<option>CREATE_HOME</option>) kein Home-Verzeichnis erzeugen wird."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:479
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that <command>useradd</command> will not create a home directory for "
+#| "such an user, regardless of the default setting in <filename>/etc/login."
+#| "defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>). You have to specify the "
+#| "<option>-m</option> options if you want a home directory for a system "
+#| "account to be created."
+msgid ""
+"Note that this option will not update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>. "
+"You have to specify the <_:option-3/> options if you want to update the "
+"files for a system account to be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Beachten Sie, dass <command>useradd</command> für einen solchen Benutzer "
+"unabhängig von der Einstellung in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+"(<option>CREATE_HOME</option>) kein Home-Verzeichnis erzeugen wird."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:520
+msgid ""
+"sets the path to the user's login shell. Without this option, the system "
+"will use the <_:option-1/> variable specified in <_:filename-2/>, or, if "
+"that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in <_:filename-3/> "
+"remains empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+msgid "--uid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+msgid "UID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:534
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless "
+#| "the <option>-o</option> option is used. The value must be non-negative. "
+#| "The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to "
+#| "<option>UID_MIN</option> and greater than every other user."
+msgid ""
+"The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless the "
+"<_:option-1/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The default is "
+"to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-2/> and "
+"greater than every other user."
+msgstr ""
+"Der zahlenmäßige Wert der Benutzer-ID. Dieser Wert muss eindeutig sein, "
+"sofern nicht die Option <option>-o</option> verwendet wird. Der Wert darf "
+"nicht negativ sein. Standardmäßig wird der kleinste Wert größer als oder "
+"gleich <option>UID_MIN</option> und größer als jeder andere Wert eines "
+"Benutzers verwendet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:549
+msgid "--user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:552
+msgid ""
+"Create a group with the same name as the user, and add the user to this "
+"group."
+msgstr ""
+"erstellt eine Gruppe mit dem gleichen Name wie der Benutzer und fügt diesen "
+"der Gruppe hinzu"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 userdel.8.xml.out:153 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-Z"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 userdel.8.xml.out:153 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "--selinux-user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "SEUSER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:573
+msgid "semanage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:569
+msgid ""
+"defines the SELinux user for the new account. Without this option, a SELinux "
+"uses the default user. Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-"
+"user, it uses <_:citerefentry-1/> for that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:581
+msgid "Changing the default values"
+msgstr "Die Standardwerte verändern"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:582
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When invoked with only the <option>-D</option> option, <command>useradd</"
+#| "command> will display the current default values. When invoked with "
+#| "<option>-D</option> plus other options, <command>useradd</command> will "
+#| "update the default values for the specified options. Valid default-"
+#| "changing options are:"
+msgid ""
+"When invoked with only the <_:option-1/> option, <_:command-2/> will display "
+"the current default values. When invoked with <_:option-3/> plus other "
+"options, <_:command-4/> will update the default values for the specified "
+"options. Valid default-changing options are:"
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn <command>useradd</command> nur mit der Option <option>-D</option> "
+"aufgerufen wird, werden die aktuellen Standardwerte angezeigt.  Wenn "
+"<command>useradd</command> neben der Option <option>-D</option> mit weiteren "
+"Optionen aufgerufen wird, werden deren Standardwerte entsprechend angepasst. "
+"Die gültigen Optionen, um Standardwerte zu ändern, sind:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:595
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will be "
+#| "affixed to the end of <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> to form the new "
+#| "user's home directory name, if the <option>-d</option> option is not used "
+#| "when creating a new account."
+msgid ""
+"sets the path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will "
+"be affixed to the end of <_:replaceable-1/> to form the new user's home "
+"directory name, if the <_:option-2/> option is not used when creating a new "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"Das Wurzelverzeichnis des Home-Verzeichnisses eines neuen Benutzers. Der "
+"Benutzername wird an <replaceable>WURZEL_VERZ</replaceable> angehängt, um "
+"den Namen des Home-Verzeichnisses zu erhalten, falls nicht die Option "
+"<option>-d</option> bei der Erstellung eines neuen Kontos verwendet wird."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:602 useradd.8.xml.out:614 useradd.8.xml.out:631
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:647 useradd.8.xml.out:661
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option sets the <option>HOME</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "default/useradd</filename>."
+msgid "This option sets the <_:option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Diese Option verändert die Variable <option>HOME</option> in <filename>/etc/"
+"default/useradd</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:613
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The date on which the user account is disabled."
+msgid "sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled."
+msgstr "das Datum, an dem das Benutzerkonto abgeschaltet wird"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:625
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where "
+"the user is expected to replace this password. See <_:citerefentry-1/>for "
+"more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:642
+msgid ""
+"sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group "
+"names or a numerical group ID. The named group must exist, and the GID must "
+"have an existing entry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:658
+msgid "defines the default login shell for new users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:673
+msgid "NOTES"
+msgstr "ANMERKUNGEN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:675 useradd.8.xml.out:779
+msgid "/etc/skel/"
+msgstr "/etc/skel/"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:674
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user "
+#| "files in the <filename>/etc/skel/</filename> directory (or any other "
+#| "skeleton directory specified in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> "
+#| "or on the command line)."
+msgid ""
+"The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files "
+"in the <_:filename-1/> directory (or any other skeleton directory specified "
+"in <_:filename-2/> or on the command line)."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Systemadministrator ist dafür verantwortlich, die standardmäßigen "
+"Benutzerdateien im Verzeichnis <filename>/etc/skel/</filename> (oder in "
+"einem anderen Gerüstverzeichnis, das in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+"filename> oder über die Befehlszeile definiert wurde), anzulegen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:683
+msgid ""
+"You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie dürfen einen Benutzer nicht einer NIS- oder LDAP-Gruppe hinzufügen. Dies "
+"muss auf dem entsprechenden Server durchgeführt werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:688
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database "
+#| "such as NIS or LDAP, <command>useradd</command> will deny the user "
+#| "account creation request."
+msgid ""
+"Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such "
+"as NIS or LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the user account creation request."
+msgstr ""
+"Ebenso wird <command>useradd</command> ablehnen, ein neues Benutzerkonto zu "
+"erstellen, wenn der Benutzername schon in einer externen Benutzerdatenbank "
+"wie z.B. NIS oder LDAP vorhanden ist."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:702
+msgid "ls"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:694
+msgid ""
+"Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, "
+"underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not "
+"allowed at the beginning of the username. Fully numeric usernames and "
+"usernames . or .. are also disallowed. It is not recommended to use "
+"usernames beginning with . character as their home directories will be "
+"hidden in the <_:command-1/> output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:704
+msgid "Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgstr "Benutzernamen dürfen nur bis zu 32 Zeichen lang sein."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:769
+msgid "Default values for account creation."
+msgstr "Standardwerte für die Erstellung eines Kontos"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/default/useradd"
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-pre.d/*"
+msgstr "/etc/default/useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-post.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773 userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "<_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775 userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "OPTIONS"
+msgid "ACTION"
+msgstr "OPTIONEN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775 userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "SUBJECT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "useradd"
+msgid "useradd-pre.d"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "useradd"
+msgid "useradd-post.d"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid ""
+"Run-part files to execute during user addition. The environment variable <_:"
+"command-1/> will be populated with useradd and <_:command-2/> with the <_:"
+"command-3/>. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user addition. <_:"
+"filename-5/> will execute after user addition. If a script exits non-zero "
+"then execution will terminate."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:781
+msgid "Directory containing default files."
+msgstr "Verzeichnis, das die Standarddateien enthält"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:819 userdel.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "can't update password file"
+msgstr "Die Passwortdatei kann nicht aktualisieren werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:837
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "UID already in use (and no <option>-o</option>)"
+msgid "UID already in use (and no <_:option-1/>)"
+msgstr "UID ist schon vergeben (und kein <option>-o</option>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:849
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "username or group name already in use"
+msgstr "Gruppenname wird schon verwendet"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:861
+msgid "can't create home directory"
+msgstr "Home-Verzeichnis kann nicht erstellt werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:865
+msgid "14"
+msgstr "14"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:867
+msgid "can't update SELinux user mapping"
+msgstr "Die Zuordnung von SELinux-Benutzern kann nicht aktualisiert werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:876 usermod.8.xml.out:603
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:phrase-10/> "
+"<_:citerefentry-11/>, <_:citerefentry-12/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:47
+msgid "delete a user account and related files"
+msgstr "löscht ein Benutzerkonto und die dazugehörigen Dateien"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>userdel</command> command modifies the system account files, "
+#| "deleting all entries that refer to the user name <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">LOGIN</emphasis>. The named user must exist."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all "
+"entries that refer to the user name <_:emphasis-2/>. The named user must "
+"exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Befehl <command>userdel</command> bearbeitet die Kontodateien des "
+"Systems und löscht darin alle Einträge, die auf den <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">ANMELDENAMEN</emphasis> verweisen. Der bezeichnete Benutzer muss "
+"existieren."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:79
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is "
+#| "still logged in. It also forces <command>userdel</command> to remove the "
+#| "user's home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same "
+#| "home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user. "
+#| "If <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> is defined to <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">yes</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> and if "
+#| "a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group "
+#| "will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user."
+msgid ""
+"This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is "
+"still logged in. It also forces <_:command-1/> to remove the user's home "
+"directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory "
+"or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user. If <_:option-2/> is "
+"defined to <_:emphasis-3/> in <_:filename-4/> and if a group exists with the "
+"same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it "
+"is still the primary group of another user."
+msgstr ""
+"Diese Option erzwingt, dass der Benutzer entfernt wird, selbst wenn er noch "
+"angemeldet ist. Sie führt auch dazu, dass <command>userdel</command> das "
+"Home-Verzeichnis und den Mailspool des Benutzers entfernt, sogar wenn ein "
+"anderer Benutzer dasselbe Home-Verzeichnis hat oder der Mailspool nicht dem "
+"angegebenen Benutzer gehört. Falls in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+"<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> auf <emphasis remap=\"I\">yes</emphasis> "
+"gesetzt ist und eine Gruppe mit dem gleichen Namen wie der gelöschte "
+"Benutzer vorhanden ist, wird auch diese Gruppe entfernt, selbst wenn sie die "
+"Hauptgruppe anderer Benutzer ist."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis>Note:</emphasis> This option is dangerous and may leave your "
+#| "system in an inconsistent state."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an "
+"inconsistent state."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis>Hinweis:</emphasis> Diese Option ist gefährlich und kann dazu "
+"führen, dass Ihr System nicht mehr ordnungsgemäß funktioniert."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:106 usermod.8.xml.out:317
+msgid "--remove"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:109
+msgid ""
+"Files in the user's home directory will be removed along with the home "
+"directory itself and the user's mail spool. Files located in other file "
+"systems will have to be searched for and deleted manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Dateien im Home-Verzeichnis des Benutzers werden zusammen mit dem Home-"
+"Verzeichnis und dem Mailspool entfernt. Dateien, die sich nicht unterhalb "
+"des Home-Verzeichnisses befinden, müssen per Hand gesucht und gelöscht "
+"werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:115
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The mail spool is defined by the <option>MAIL_DIR</option> variable in "
+#| "the <filename>login.defs</filename> file."
+msgid ""
+"The mail spool is defined by the <_:option-1/> variable in the <_:filename-2/"
+"> file."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Mailspool wird durch die Variable <option>MAIL_DIR</option> in der Datei "
+"<filename>login.defs</filename> definiert."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:156
+msgid "Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user's login."
+msgstr ""
+"entfernt die Zuordnung von SELinux-Benutzern aus den Anmeldeinformationen "
+"des Benutzers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-pre.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-post.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "userdel"
+msgid "userdel-pre.d"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "userdel"
+msgid "userdel-post.d"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid ""
+"Run-part files to execute during user deletion. The environment variable <_:"
+"command-1/> will be populated with <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/> with "
+"the username. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user deletion. "
+"<_:filename-5/> will execute after user deletion. If a script exits non-zero "
+"then execution will terminate."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:255
+msgid "specified user doesn't exist"
+msgstr "Der angegebene Benutzer ist nicht vorhanden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:261
+msgid "user currently logged in"
+msgstr "Benutzer ist im Moment angemeldet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:273
+msgid "can't remove home directory"
+msgstr "Das Home-Verzeichnis kann nicht gelöscht werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:282
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>userdel</command> will not allow you to remove an account if "
+#| "there are running processes which belong to this account. In that case, "
+#| "you may have to kill those processes or lock the user's password or "
+#| "account and remove the account later. The <option>-f</option> option can "
+#| "force the deletion of this account."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will not allow you to remove an account if there are running "
+"processes which belong to this account. In that case, you may have to kill "
+"those processes or lock the user's password or account and remove the "
+"account later. The <_:option-2/> option can force the deletion of this "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>userdel</command> löscht ein Benutzerkonto nicht, wenn Prozesse "
+"laufen, die diesem Konto gehören. In diesem Fall müssen Sie entweder diese "
+"Prozesse beenden oder das Passwort oder Konto des Benutzers sperren und das "
+"Konto später entfernen. Die Option <option>-f</option> erzwingt das Löschen "
+"eines Kontos."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:289
+msgid ""
+"You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain "
+"owned by this user."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie sollten von Hand alle Systemdateien überprüfen, um sicherzustellen, dass "
+"keine Dateien vorhanden sind, die dem gelöschten Benutzer gehören."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:293
+msgid ""
+"You may not remove any NIS attributes on a NIS client. This must be "
+"performed on the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie sollten keine NIS-Attribute auf einem NIS-Client löschen. Dies muss auf "
+"dem NIS-Server durchgeführt werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:296
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> is defined to <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">yes</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, "
+#| "<command>userdel</command> will delete the group with the same name as "
+#| "the user. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, "
+#| "<command>userdel</command> will check that this group is not used as a "
+#| "primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the "
+#| "group otherwise. The <option>-f</option> option can force the deletion of "
+#| "this group."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is defined to <_:emphasis-2/> in <_:filename-3/>, <_:"
+"command-4/> will delete the group with the same name as the user. To avoid "
+"inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, <_:command-5/> will check "
+"that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will "
+"just warn without deleting the group otherwise. The <_:option-6/> option can "
+"force the deletion of this group."
+msgstr ""
+"Falls in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</"
+"option> auf <emphasis remap=\"I\">yes</emphasis> gesetzt ist, wird "
+"<command>userdel</command> die Gruppe mit dem gleichen Namen wie der "
+"Benutzer entfernen. Um Unstimmigkeiten in der Passwort- und Gruppendatenbank "
+"zu vermeiden, überprüft <command>userdel</command>, ob diese Gruppe die "
+"Hauptgruppe für andere Benutzer ist. Gegebenenfalls wird eine Warnung "
+"angezeigt und die betreffende Gruppe nicht entfernt. Mit der Option <option>-"
+"f</option> kann das Löschen dieser Gruppe erzwungen werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:309
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:phrase-9/> <_:citerefentry-10/>, "
+"<_:citerefentry-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:48
+msgid "modify a user account"
+msgstr "verändert ein Benutzerkonto"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:63
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:81
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <option>-G</"
+#| "option> option."
+msgid ""
+"Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:option-1/> "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"Fügt den Benutzer weiteren Gruppen hinzu. Kann nur zusammen mit der Option "
+"<option>-G</option> verwendet werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:102
+msgid ""
+"update the comment field of the user in <_:filename-1/>, which is normally "
+"modified using the <_:citerefentry-2/> utility."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:112 usermod.8.xml.out:260
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "home_ph"
+msgid "--home"
+msgstr "Tel_Privat"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "The user's new login directory."
+msgstr "das neue Home-Verzeichnis des Benutzers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:118
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <option>-m</option> option is given, the contents of the current "
+#| "home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created "
+#| "if it does not already exist."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:option-1/> option is given, the contents of the current home "
+"directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it "
+"does not already exist. If the current home directory does not exist the new "
+"home directory will not be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn die Option <option>-m</option> verwendet wurde, wird der Inhalt des "
+"aktuellen Home-Verzeichnisses in das neue Home-Verzeichnis verschoben. Falls "
+"dieses nicht existiert, wird es angelegt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:132
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is "
+#| "specified in the format <emphasis remap=\"I\">YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified "
+"in the format <_:emphasis-1/>. Integers as input are interpreted as days "
+"after 1970-01-01."
+msgstr ""
+"Das Datum, an welchem das Benutzerkonto deaktiviert wird. Das Datum muss im "
+"Format <emphasis remap=\"I\">JJJJ-MM-TT</emphasis> angegeben werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"An input of -1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in "
+"the shadow password file. The account will remain available with no date "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:143 usermod.8.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option requires a <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file. A "
+#| "<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> entry will be created if there were none."
+msgid ""
+"This option requires a <_:filename-1/> file. A <_:filename-2/> entry will be "
+"created if there were none."
+msgstr ""
+"Diese Option benötigt die Datei <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. Falls die "
+"Datei <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> leer sein sollte, wird ein Eintrag "
+"erstellt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:155
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age "
+"during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password. "
+"This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the "
+"shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no "
+"delay. An input of -1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password "
+"file. See <_:citerefentry-1/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:177
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The group name or number of the user's new initial login group. The group "
+#| "must exist."
+msgid ""
+"The name or numerical ID of the user's new primary group. The group must "
+"exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Name oder die Zahl der anfänglichen Anmeldegruppe eines neuen Benutzers. "
+"Der Gruppenname muss existieren."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:181
+msgid ""
+"Any file from the user's home directory owned by the previous primary group "
+"of the user will be owned by this new group."
+msgstr ""
+"Jede Datei im Home-Verzeichnis des Benutzers, die der alten Hauptgruppe des "
+"Benutzers gehörte, wird dieser neuen Gruppe gehören."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:185
+msgid ""
+"The group ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be "
+"fixed manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Gruppenzugehörigkeit von Dateien außerhalb des Home-Verzeichnisses des "
+"Benutzers muss per Hand angepasst werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:193 usermod.8.xml.out:393
+msgid "/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:189
+msgid ""
+"The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user's home "
+"directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the "
+"current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home "
+"directories such as <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:202
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+#| "group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening "
+#| "whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group "
+#| "given with the <option>-g</option> option."
+msgid ""
+"A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+"group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. "
+"The groups must exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Eine Liste zusätzlicher Gruppen, denen der Benutzer ebenfalls angehört. Die "
+"Gruppen sind durch Kommata ohne Leerzeichen von einander zu trennen. Die "
+"Gruppen unterliegen denselben Beschränkungen wie die Gruppe, die mit der "
+"Option <option>-g</option> bestimmt wurde."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:207
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the "
+#| "user will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via "
+#| "the <option>-a</option> option, which appends the user to the current "
+#| "supplementary group list."
+msgid ""
+"If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user "
+"will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the <_:"
+"option-1/> option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group "
+"list."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn der Benutzer aktuell Mitglied einer Gruppe ist, die nicht angegeben "
+"ist, wird er aus dieser Gruppe entfernt. Dieses Verhalten kann mit der "
+"Option <option>-a</option> abgeschaltet werden. Damit wird der Benutzer nur "
+"den angegebenen Gruppen hinzugefügt, ohne aus den übrigen gelöscht zu werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217 usermod.8.xml.out:223
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "LOGIN"
+msgid "NEW_LOGIN"
+msgstr "ANMELDENAME"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:220
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The name of the user will be changed from <replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#| "replaceable> to <replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>. Nothing else is "
+#| "changed. In particular, the user's home directory or mail spool should "
+#| "probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name."
+msgid ""
+"The name of the user will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>. Nothing else is changed. In particular, the user's home "
+"directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the "
+"new login name."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Benutzername wird von <replaceable>ANMELDENAME</replaceable> zu "
+"<replaceable>NEUER_ANMELDENAME</replaceable> verändert. Andere Veränderungen "
+"werden nicht vorgenommen. Daher sollte wahrscheinlich der Name des Home-"
+"Verzeichnisses des Benutzers per Hand geändert werden, um dem neuen "
+"Anmeldenamen Rechnung zu tragen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:231 usermod.8.xml.out:411
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-L"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:234
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted "
+#| "password, effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option "
+#| "with <option>-p</option> or <option>-U</option>."
+msgid ""
+"Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password, "
+"effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with <_:"
+"option-1/> or <_:option-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Sperrt das Passwort eines Benutzers. Dadurch wird ein »!« vor das "
+"verschlüsselte Passwort gesetzt, wodurch im Ergebnis das Passwort "
+"abgeschaltet wird. Sie können diese Option nicht mit <option>-p</option> "
+"oder <option>-U</option> verwenden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:240
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), "
+#| "you should also set the <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> to "
+#| "<replaceable>1</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you "
+"should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Hinweis: Wenn Sie das Konto sperren wollen (und nicht nur den Zugang mit "
+"einem Passwort), müssen Sie auch das <replaceable>VERFALLSDATUM</"
+"replaceable> auf <replaceable>1</replaceable> setzen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:250
+msgid "--move-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:253
+msgid ""
+"moves the content of the user's home directory to the new location. If the "
+"current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be "
+"created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:258
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-u</option> "
+#| "option."
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> (or <_:"
+"option-2/>) option."
+msgstr ""
+"Diese Option kann nur in Verbindung mit der Option <option>-u</option> "
+"verwendet werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:262
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>usermod</command> will try to adapt the ownership of the files "
+#| "and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes "
+#| "might be needed afterwards."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the "
+"modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed "
+"afterwards."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>usermod</command> versucht, den Eigentümer der Dateien anzupassen "
+"und die Rechte, ACL und erweiterten Attribute zu übernehmen, aber "
+"Anpassungen per Hand können dennoch notwendig sein."
+
+# SB: What is that suppossed to mean? I can assign the UID 1000 twice?
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:274
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When used with the <option>-u</option> option, this option allows to "
+#| "change the user ID to a non-unique value."
+msgid "allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn es mit der Option <option>-u</option> verwendet wird, kann mit dieser "
+"Option der Wert der Benutzer-ID auf einen nicht eindeutigen Wert gesetzt "
+"werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:293
+msgid ""
+"defines a new password for the user. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, "
+"as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:298
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis role=\"bold\">Note:</emphasis> This option is not recommended "
+#| "because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users "
+#| "listing the processes."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> Avoid this option on the command line because the password "
+"(or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">Hinweis:</emphasis> Diese Option ist nicht "
+"empfehlenswert, weil das Passwort (auch wenn es verschlüsselt ist) für "
+"Benutzer sichtbar ist, die sich den Prozess anzeigen lassen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:303
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The password will be written in the local <filename>/etc/passwd</"
+#| "filename> or <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file. This might differ "
+#| "from the password database configured in your PAM configuration."
+msgid ""
+"The password will be written in the local <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/> "
+"file. This might differ from the password database configured in your PAM "
+"configuration."
+msgstr ""
+"Das Passwort wird in die lokale Datei <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> oder "
+"<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> geschrieben. Dies könnte von der Passwort-"
+"Datenbank abweichen, die Sie für PAM konfiguriert haben."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <option>-G</"
+#| "option> option."
+msgid ""
+"Remove the user from named supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:"
+"option-1/> option."
+msgstr ""
+"Fügt den Benutzer weiteren Gruppen hinzu. Kann nur zusammen mit der Option "
+"<option>-G</option> verwendet werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:344
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes within the directory tree starting with <_:replaceable-1/> and "
+"use as well the configuration files located there. This option does not "
+"chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some "
+"limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication "
+"is using the host files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:360
+msgid ""
+"changes the user's login shell. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field "
+"in <_:filename-1/> and logs the user into the system's default shell."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:372
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The new numerical value of the user's ID."
+msgid "The new value of the user's ID."
+msgstr "der neue numerische Wert der UID des Benutzers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:375
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This value must be unique, unless the <option>-o</option> option is used. "
+#| "The value must be non-negative."
+msgid ""
+"This value must be unique, unless the <_:option-1/> option is used. The "
+"value must be non-negative."
+msgstr ""
+"Dieser Wert muss eindeutig sein, sofern nicht die Option <option>-o</option> "
+"verwendet wird. Der Wert darf nicht negativ sein."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:380
+msgid ""
+"The user's mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are located "
+"in the user's home directory will have the file user ID changed "
+"automatically."
+msgstr ""
+"Für die Mailbox des Benutzers und alle Dateien, die ihm gehören und sich in "
+"seinem Home-Verzeichnis befinden, wird die ID des Eigentümers automatisch "
+"angepasst."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:385
+msgid ""
+"The ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be fixed "
+"manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Eigentümer von Dateien außerhalb des Home-Verzeichnisses des Benutzers "
+"muss per Hand angepasst werden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:389
+msgid ""
+"The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user's home "
+"directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the "
+"current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home "
+"directories such as <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:408
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted "
+#| "password. You can't use this option with <option>-p</option> or <option>-"
+#| "L</option>."
+msgid ""
+"Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted "
+"password. You can't use this option with <_:option-1/> or <_:option-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Gibt das Passwort eines Benutzers frei. Dies entfernt das »!« vor dem "
+"verschlüsselten Passwort. Sie können diese Option nicht mit <option>-p</"
+"option> oder <option>-U</option> verwenden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:417
+msgid "99999"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:413
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a "
+#| "password), you should also set the <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> "
+#| "(for example to <replaceable>99999</replaceable>, or to the "
+#| "<option>EXPIRE</option> value from <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+#| "filename>)."
+msgid ""
+"Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), "
+"you should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> (for example to <_:replaceable-2/"
+">, or to the <_:option-3/> value from <_:filename-4/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Hinweis: Falls Sie das Benutzerkonto freigeben wollen (und nicht nur den "
+"Zugang mit einem Passwort), sollten Sie auch das <replaceable>VERFALLSDATUM</"
+"replaceable> bearbeiten (zum Beispiel auf <replaceable>99999</replaceable> "
+"oder den Wert von <option>EXPIRE</option> aus <filename>/etc/default/"
+"useradd</filename> setzen)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-v"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "--add-subuids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "FIRST"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "LAST"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:424 usermod.8.xml.out:442 usermod.8.xml.out:462
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:480
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#| "replaceable>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>-<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:428
+msgid "Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:431 usermod.8.xml.out:469
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:436 usermod.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "SUB_UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:436 usermod.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "SUB_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:437 usermod.8.xml.out:457
+msgid "SUB_UID_COUNT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:434 usermod.8.xml.out:454 usermod.8.xml.out:472
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:492
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "No checks will be performed with regard to the <option>UID_MIN</option>, "
+#| "<option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>, or "
+#| "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"No checks will be performed with regard to <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or "
+"<_:option-3/> from /etc/login.defs."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Werte von <option>UID_MIN</option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>, "
+"<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> und <option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> aus <filename>/"
+"etc/login.defs</filename> werden nicht geprüft."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-V"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "--del-subuids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:446
+msgid "Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:449
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the "
+"removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid "
+"range is added."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:463 usermod.8.xml.out:489
+msgid "--add-subgids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:466
+msgid "Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:474 usermod.8.xml.out:494
+msgid "SUB_GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:474 usermod.8.xml.out:494
+msgid "SUB_GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:475 usermod.8.xml.out:495
+msgid "SUB_GID_COUNT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481 usermod.8.xml.out:489
+msgid "--del-subgids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:484
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user's login."
+msgid "Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+"entfernt die Zuordnung von SELinux-Benutzern aus den Anmeldeinformationen "
+"des Benutzers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:487
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the "
+"removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid "
+"range is added."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:504
+msgid ""
+"defines the SELinux user to be mapped with <_:replaceable-1/>. An empty "
+"string (\"\") will remove the respective entry (if any). Note that the "
+"shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses semanage(8) for that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:518
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes "
+#| "when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the "
+#| "user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. "
+#| "<command>usermod</command> checks this on Linux, but only check if the "
+#| "user is logged in according to utmp on other architectures."
+msgid ""
+"You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes "
+"when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the "
+"user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. <_:command-1/> "
+"checks this on Linux. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check "
+"if the user is logged in."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn Sie mit diesem Befehl die numerische UID, den Namen oder das Home-"
+"Verzeichnis eines Benutzers verändern wollen, müssen Sie sicherstellen, dass "
+"dieser Benutzer keine Prozesse laufen lässt. Bei Linux stellt dies "
+"<command>usermod</command> sicher, auf anderen Architekturen überprüft es "
+"nur, ob der Benutzer laut utmp eingeloggt ist."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:527
+msgid "crontab"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:528
+msgid "at"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:526
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You must change the owner of any <command>crontab</command> files or "
+#| "<command>at</command> jobs manually."
+msgid ""
+"You must change the owner of any <_:command-1/> files or <_:command-2/> jobs "
+"manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie müssen den Eigentümer von <command>crontab</command>-Dateien oder "
+"<command>at</command>-Aufträgen per Hand ändern."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:530
+msgid "You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie müssen alle Änderung in Bezug auf NIS auf dem NIS-Server vornehmen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:559
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Group account information."
+msgid "Group account information"
+msgstr "Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:565
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Secure group account information."
+msgid "Secure group account informatio."
+msgstr "sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:571
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Shadow password suite configuration."
+msgid "Shadow password suite configuration"
+msgstr "Konfiguration der Shadow-Passwort-Werkzeugsammlung"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:577
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "User account information."
+msgid "User account information"
+msgstr "Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:583
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Secure user account information."
+msgid "Secure user account information"
+msgstr "verschlüsselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:589
+msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:595
+msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:43 vipw.8.xml.out:57 vipw.8.xml.out:67 vipw.8.xml.out:86
+msgid "vigr"
+msgstr "vigr"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:44
+msgid "edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file"
+msgstr ""
+"bearbeitet die Passwort-, Gruppen-, Shadow-Passwort- oder Shadow-Gruppen-"
+"Datei"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "VISUAL"
+msgid "$VISUAL"
+msgstr "VISUAL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:76
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "EDITOR"
+msgid "$EDITOR"
+msgstr "EDITOR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:77 vipw.8.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "vipw"
+msgid "vi"
+msgstr "vipw"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:66
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</command> commands edits "
+#| "the files <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>, respectively. With the <option>-s</option> flag, they will "
+#| "edit the shadow versions of those files, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> "
+#| "and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, respectively. The programs will "
+#| "set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption. When looking for an "
+#| "editor, the programs will first try the environment variable "
+#| "<envar>$VISUAL</envar>, then the environment variable <envar>$EDITOR</"
+#| "envar>, and finally the default editor, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands edits the files <_:filename-3/"
+"> and <_:filename-4/>, respectively. With the <_:option-5/> flag, they will "
+"edit the shadow versions of those files, <_:filename-6/> and <_:filename-7/"
+">, respectively. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file "
+"corruption. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the "
+"environment variable <_:envar-8/>, then the environment variable <_:envar-9/"
+">, and finally the default editor, <_:citerefentry-10/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Befehle <command>vipw</command> und <command>vigr</command> bearbeiten "
+"die Dateien <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> beziehungsweise <filename>/etc/"
+"group</filename>. Mit der Option <option>-s</option> bearbeiten Sie die "
+"Shadow-Versionen beider Dateien, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> und "
+"<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>. Die Programme werden die geeigneten "
+"Sperren setzen, um eine Beschädigung der Dateien zu verhindern. Wenn ein "
+"Editor benötigt wird, wird zuerst die Umgebungsvariable <envar>$VISUAL</"
+"envar> ausgewertet, danach die Umgebungsvariable <envar>$EDITOR</envar>. "
+"Zuletzt wird der Standard-Editor <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> verwendet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:84
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The options which apply to the <command>passwd</command> command are:"
+msgid ""
+"The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands "
+"are:"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>passwd</command> unterstützt werden, "
+"sind:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "Edit group database."
+msgstr "bearbeitet die Gruppendatenbank"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:102
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "--passwd"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "Edit passwd database."
+msgstr "bearbeitet die Passwd-Datenbank"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "shadow"
+msgid "--shadow"
+msgstr "shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "Edit shadow or gshadow database."
+msgstr "bearbeitet die Shadow- oder Gshadow-Datenbank"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "Indicates which user's tcb shadow file to edit."
+msgstr "bestimmt, welche Tcb-Shadow-Datei des Benutzers bearbeitet werden soll"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:154
+msgid "ENVIRONMENT"
+msgstr "UMGEBUNGSVARIABLEN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:157 vipw.8.xml.out:165
+msgid "VISUAL"
+msgstr "VISUAL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:159
+msgid "Editor to be used."
+msgstr "der verwendete Editor"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:163
+msgid "EDITOR"
+msgstr "EDITOR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Editor to be used if <option>VISUAL</option> is not set."
+msgid "Editor to be used if <_:option-1/> is not set."
+msgstr "der verwendete Editor, wenn <option>VISUAL</option> nicht gesetzt ist"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:220
+msgid "tcb"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:203
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/> <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_VERZ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>USE_TCB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>USE_TCB</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> password shadowing "
+#~ "scheme will be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wenn auf <replaceable>yes</replaceable> gesetzt, wird das "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>-Passwort-Shadowing-Schema verwendet."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>,<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry  "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>usermod</command> command modifies the system account files "
+#~ "to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Befehl <command>usermod</command> verändert die Kontodateien des "
+#~ "Systems, so dass sie die Änderungen enthalten, die in der Befehlszeile "
+#~ "eingegeben wurden."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>usermod</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>usermod</command> unterstützt "
+#~ "werden, sind:"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMENT</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>KOMMENTAR</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally "
+#~ "modified using the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utility."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der neue Wert des Kommentarfelds in der Passwortdatei des Benutzers. Er "
+#~ "wird normalerweise mit dem Werkzeug <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> verändert."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_VERZ</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>VERFALLS_DATUM</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "An empty <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> argument will disable the "
+#~ "expiration of the account."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wenn das Argument <replaceable>VERFALLS_DATUM</replaceable> leer bleibt, "
+#~ "wird der Verfall des Kontos deaktiviert."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INAKTIV</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days after a password expires until the account is "
+#~ "permanently disabled."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Anzahl von Tagen, nach denen ein Passwort abgelaufen ist, bis das "
+#~ "Konto deaktiviert wird."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the password has expired, "
+#~ "and a value of -1 disables the feature."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Ein Wert von 0 deaktiviert das Konto, sobald das Passwort abläuft. Ein "
+#~ "Wert von -1 schaltet diese Funktion ab."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GRUPPE</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP1</"
+#~ "replaceable>[<emphasis remap=\"I\">,GROUP2,...</emphasis>[<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">,GROUPN</emphasis>]]]"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>GRUPPE_1</replaceable>[<emphasis remap=\"I\">,GRUPPE_2, ...</"
+#~ "emphasis>[<emphasis remap=\"I\">,GRUPPE_N</emphasis>]]]"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NEUER_ANMELDENAME</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--move-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--move-home</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "Move the content of the user's home directory to the new location."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "verschiebt den Inhalt des Home-Verzeichnisses eines Benutzers zu dem "
+#~ "neuen Ziel"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-d</option> (or "
+#~ "<option>--home</option>) option."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Diese Option ist nur in Verbindung mit der Option <option>-d</option> "
+#~ "(oder <option>--home</option>) zulässig."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>PASSWORD</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>PASSWORT</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The encrypted password, as returned by "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "das verschlüsselte Passwort, wie es von "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry> zurückgegeben wird"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-v</option>, <option>--add-subuids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>MENGE</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-V</option>, <option>--del-subuids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>MENGE</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--add-subgids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>MENGE</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "No checks will be performed with regard to the <option>GID_MIN</option>, "
+#~| "<option>GID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option>, or "
+#~| "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "No checks will be performed with regard to <option>SUB_GID_MIN</option>, "
+#~ "<option>SUB_GID_MAX</option>, or <option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> from /etc/"
+#~ "login.defs."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Werte von <option>GID_MIN</option>, <option>GID_MAX</option>, "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> und <option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> aus "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> werden nicht geprüft."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--del-subgids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>MENGE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SE-"
+#~ "BENUTZER</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "The new SELinux user for the user's login."
+#~ msgstr "der neue SELinux-Benutzer für den Anmeldenamen des Benutzers"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "A blank <replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable> will remove the SELinux user "
+#~ "mapping for user <replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> (if any)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wenn <replaceable>SEBENUTZER</replaceable> leer ist, wird die Zuordnung "
+#~ "von SELinux-Benutzern (sofern vorhanden) aus den Anmeldeinformationen des "
+#~ "Benutzers entfernt"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_DIR</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAIL_DIR</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The mail spool directory. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when "
+#~ "its corresponding user account is modified or deleted. If not specified, "
+#~ "a compile-time default is used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Das Verzeichnis des Mail-Spools. Diese Angabe wird benötigt, um die "
+#~ "Mailbox zu bearbeiten, nachdem das entsprechende Benutzerkonto verändert "
+#~ "oder gelöscht wurde. Falls nicht angegeben, wird ein Standard verwendet, "
+#~ "der beim Kompilieren festgelegt wurde."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their "
+#~ "home directory."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Legt den Ort der Mail-Spool-Dateien eines Benutzers relativ zu seinem "
+#~ "Home-Verzeichnis fest."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <option>MAIL_DIR</option> and <option>MAIL_FILE</option> variables "
+#~ "are used by <command>useradd</command>, <command>usermod</command>, and "
+#~ "<command>userdel</command> to create, move, or delete the user's mail "
+#~ "spool."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Variablen <option>MAIL_DIR</option> und <option>MAIL_FILE</option>  "
+#~ "werden von <command>useradd</command>, <command>usermod</command> und "
+#~ "<command>userdel</command> verwendet, um den Mail-Spool eines Benutzers "
+#~ "zu erstellen, zu verschieben oder zu löschen."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> is set to <replaceable>yes</"
+#~ "replaceable>, they are also used to define the <envar>MAIL</envar> "
+#~ "environment variable."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Falls <option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> auf <replaceable>yes</replaceable> "
+#~ "gesetzt ist, werden sie auch verwendet, um die Umgebungsvariable "
+#~ "<envar>MAIL</envar> festzulegen."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group "
+#~ "entry (line) is started in <filename>/etc/group</filename> (with the same "
+#~ "name, same password, and same GID)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Maximale Anzahl von Mitgliedern je Gruppeneintrag. Wenn das Maximum "
+#~ "erreicht wird, wird ein weiterer Eintrag in <filename>/etc/group</"
+#~ "filename> (mit dem gleichen Namen, dem gleichen Passwort und der gleichen "
+#~ "GID) erstellt."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of "
+#~ "members in a group."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Standardwert ist 0, was zur Folge hat, dass die Anzahl der Mitglieder "
+#~ "einer Gruppe nicht begrenzt ist."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the "
+#~ "group file. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not "
+#~ "larger than 1024 characters."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Diese Fähigkeit (der aufgeteilten Gruppe) ermöglicht es, die Zeilenlänge "
+#~ "in der Gruppendatei zu begrenzen. Damit kann sichergestellt werden, dass "
+#~ "die Zeilen für NIS-Gruppen nicht länger als 1024 Zeichen sind."
+
+#~ msgid "If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Falls Sie eine solche Begrenzung benötigen, können Sie 25 verwenden."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow "
+#~ "toolsuite). You should not use this variable unless you really need it."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Hinweis: Aufgeteilte Gruppen werden möglicherweise nicht von allen "
+#~ "Werkzeugen unterstützt, selbst nicht aus der Shadow-Werkzeugsammlung. Sie "
+#~ "sollten diese Variable nur setzen, falls Sie zwingend darauf angewiesen "
+#~ "sind."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The default value for <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (resp. "
+#~| "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option>) is 101 (resp. <option>GID_MIN</option>-1)."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default values for <option>SUB_GID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_GID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>, <option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> are respectively 100000, "
+#~ "600100000 and 10000."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Standardwert für <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> ist 101, für  "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> <option>GID_MIN</option>-1."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The default value for <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (resp. "
+#~| "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>) is 101 (resp. <option>UID_MIN</option>-1)."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default values for <option>SUB_UID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_UID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>, <option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> are respectively 100000, "
+#~ "600100000 and 10000."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Standardwert für <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> ist 101, für "
+#~ "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> <option>UID_MIN</option>-1."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>TCB_SYMLINKS</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TCB_SYMLINKS</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#, no-wrap
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "if ( UID is less than 1000) {\n"
+#~ "  use /etc/tcb/user\n"
+#~ "} else if ( UID is less than 1000000) {\n"
+#~ "  kilos = UID / 1000\n"
+#~ "  use /etc/tcb/:kilos/user\n"
+#~ "  make symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory\n"
+#~ "} else {\n"
+#~ "  megas = UID / 1000000\n"
+#~ "  kilos = ( UID / megas * 1000000 ) / 1000\n"
+#~ "  use /etc/tcb/:megas/:kilos/user\n"
+#~ "  make symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory\n"
+#~ "}\n"
+#~ "      "
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "falls ( UID kleiner als 1000) {\n"
+#~ "  verwende /etc/tcb/user\n"
+#~ "} anderenfalls, falls ( UID kleiner als 1000000) {\n"
+#~ "  kilos = UID / 1000\n"
+#~ "  verwende /etc/tcb/:kilos/user\n"
+#~ "  erstelle symbolischen Verweis /etc/tcb/user zu dem genannten Verzeichnis\n"
+#~ "} anderenfalls {\n"
+#~ "  megas = UID / 1000000\n"
+#~ "  kilos = ( UID / megas * 1000000 ) / 1000\n"
+#~ "  verwende /etc/tcb/:megas/:kilos/user\n"
+#~ "  erstelle symbolischen Verweis /etc/tcb/user zu dem genannten Verzeichnis\n"
+#~ "}\n"
+#~ "      "
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the location of the user tcb directory "
+#~ "to be created will not be automatically set to /etc/tcb/user, but will be "
+#~ "computed depending on the UID of the user, according to the following "
+#~ "algorithm: <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Falls der Wert <replaceable>yes</replaceable> ist, wird der Ort des Tcb-"
+#~ "Verzeichnisses des Benutzers nicht automatisch /etc/tcb/user sein, "
+#~ "sondern nach dem folgenden Algorithmus aus der UID des Benutzers "
+#~ "errechnet: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>userdel</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>userdel</command> unterstützt "
+#~ "werden, sind:"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>USERDEL_CMD</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>USERDEL_CMD</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, this command is run when removing a user. It should remove "
+#~ "any at/cron/print jobs etc. owned by the user to be removed (passed as "
+#~ "the first argument)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Falls angegeben, wird dieser Befehl ausgeführt, wenn ein Benutzer "
+#~ "entfernt wird. Damit können At-, Cron- und Druckaufträge etc. des "
+#~ "entfernten Benutzers (wird als erstes Argument übergeben) gelöscht werden."
+
+#~ msgid "The return code of the script is not taken into account."
+#~ msgstr "Der Rückgabewert des Skripts wird nicht ausgewertet."
+
+#, no-wrap
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "#! /bin/sh\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Check for the required argument.\n"
+#~ "if [ $# != 1 ]; then\n"
+#~ "\techo \"Usage: $0 username\"\n"
+#~ "\texit 1\n"
+#~ "fi\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Remove cron jobs.\n"
+#~ "crontab -r -u $1\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Remove at jobs.\n"
+#~ "# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID,\n"
+#~ "# even if it was shared by a different username.\n"
+#~ "AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs\n"
+#~ "find $AT_SPOOL_DIR -name \"[^.]*\" -type f -user $1 -delete \\;\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Remove print jobs.\n"
+#~ "lprm $1\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# All done.\n"
+#~ "exit 0\n"
+#~ "      "
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "#! /bin/sh\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Prüfen, ob das benötigte Argument angegeben wurde\n"
+#~ "if [ $# != 1 ]; then\n"
+#~ "\techo \"Verwendungsweise: $0 Benutzername\"\n"
+#~ "\texit 1\n"
+#~ "fi\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# cron-Aufträge entfernen\n"
+#~ "crontab -r -u $1\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# at-Aufträge entfernen.\n"
+#~ "# Hinweis: Dies wird alle Aufträge entfernen, die der gleichen UID\n"
+#~ "# gehören, selbst wenn sie von einem Benutzer mit einem anderen Namen\n"
+#~ "# eingerichtet wurden.\n"
+#~ "AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs\n"
+#~ "find $AT_SPOOL_DIR -name \"[^.]*\" -type f -user $1 -delete \\;\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Druck-Aufträge entfernen\n"
+#~ "lprm $1\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Fertig\n"
+#~ "exit 0\n"
+#~ "      "
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Here is an example script, which removes the user's cron, at and print "
+#~ "jobs: <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Dies ist ein Beispielsskript, das die cron-, at- und Druckaufträge des "
+#~ "Benutzers entfernt:<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits "
+#~ "(examples: 022 -&gt; 002, 077 -&gt; 007) for non-root users, if the uid "
+#~ "is the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Erlaubt Benutzern, die nicht Root sind, die Umask-Gruppen-Bits auf ihre "
+#~ "Umask-Bits zu setzen (Beispiel: 022 -&gt; 002, 077 -&gt; 007), falls die "
+#~ "UID mit der GID identisch ist sowie der Benutzername mit dem Gruppennamen "
+#~ "übereinstimmt."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, <command>userdel</command> will "
+#~ "remove the user's group if it contains no more members, and "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> will create by default a group with the name "
+#~ "of the user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wenn der Wert <replaceable>yes</replaceable> ist, wird <command>userdel</"
+#~ "command> die Gruppe des Benutzers entfernen, falls sie keine Mitglieder "
+#~ "mehr hat, und <command>useradd</command> wird standardmäßig eine Gruppe "
+#~ "mit dem Namen des Benutzers erstellen."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>userdel</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Befehl <command>userdel</command> gibt beim Beenden folgende Werte "
+#~ "zurück: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>useradd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>useradd</command> unterstützt "
+#~ "werden, sind:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--base-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--base-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WURZEL_VERZ</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_VERZ</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-D</option>, <option>--defaults</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-D</option>, <option>--defaults</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days after a password expires until the account is "
+#~ "permanently disabled. A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the "
+#~ "password has expired, and a value of -1 disables the feature."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Anzahl von Tagen nach Ablaufen des Passworts bis das Konto dauerhaft "
+#~ "deaktiviert wird. Ein Wert von 0 deaktiviert das Konto, sobald das "
+#~ "Passwort abläuft. Ein Wert von -1 schaltet diese Funktion ab."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-k</option>, <option>--skel</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SKEL_DIR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-k</option>, <option>--skel</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>GERÜST_VERZ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SCHLÜSSEL</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>WERT</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults "
+#~| "(<option>UID_MIN</option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>UMASK</"
+#~| "option>, <option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> and others). <placeholder-1/> "
+#~| "Example: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PASS_MAX_DAYS</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>-1</replaceable> can be used when creating "
+#~| "system account to turn off password ageing, even though system account "
+#~| "has no password at all. Multiple <option>-K</option> options can be "
+#~| "specified, e.g.: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</"
+#~| "option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults (<option>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>UMASK</option>, "
+#~ "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> and others). <placeholder-1/> Example: "
+#~ "<option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PASS_MAX_DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>-1</replaceable> can be used when creating "
+#~ "system account to turn off password aging, even though system account has "
+#~ "no password at all. Multiple <option>-K</option> options can be "
+#~ "specified, e.g.: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>UID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Überschreibt die Standardwerte aus <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+#~ "(<option>UID_MIN</option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>UMASK</"
+#~ "option>, <option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> und andere). <placeholder-1/> "
+#~ "Beispiel: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PASS_MAX_TAGE</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>-1</replaceable> kann eingesetzt werden, wenn "
+#~ "ein Systemkonto erstellt wird, um den Verfall des Passworts abzuschalten, "
+#~ "selbst wenn das Systemkonto überhaupt kein Passwort besitzt. Die Option "
+#~ "<option>-K</option> kann mehrmals verwendet werden, z.B.: <option>-K</"
+#~ "option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</replaceable>=<replaceable>100</"
+#~ "replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MAX</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--no-log-init</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--no-log-init</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-M</option>, <option>--no-create-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-N</option>, <option>--no-user-group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-N</option>, <option>--no-user-group</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The encrypted password, as returned by "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>. The default is to disable the password."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Das verschlüsselte Passwort, wie es von "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry> zurückgegeben wird. Standardmäßig ist das "
+#~ "Passwort deaktiviert."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--system</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--system</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "System users will be created with no aging information in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "shadow</filename>, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the "
+#~ "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> range, defined "
+#~ "in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, instead of <option>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>-<option>UID_MAX</option> (and their <option>GID</option> "
+#~ "counterparts for the creation of groups)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Systembenutzer werden ohne Hinterlegung ihres Alters in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "shadow</filename> erstellt. Ihre numerische Kennung wird aus der Spanne "
+#~ "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> bis <option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> anstelle "
+#~ "von <option>UID_MIN</option> bis <option>UID_MAX</option> gewählt "
+#~ "(gleiches gilt für die GID bei der Erstellung von Gruppen)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The name of the user's login shell. The default is to leave this field "
+#~ "blank, which causes the system to select the default login shell "
+#~ "specified by the <option>SHELL</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>, or an empty string by default."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Name der Anmelde-Shell des Benutzers. Standardmäßig wird dieses Feld "
+#~ "leer gelassen. Das System verwendet dann die Standard-Anmelde-Shell, die "
+#~ "mit der Variable <option>SHELL</option> in <filename>/etc/default/"
+#~ "useradd</filename> definiert wird, anderenfalls bleibt das Feld leer."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-U</option>, <option>--user-group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-U</option>, <option>--user-group</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The SELinux user for the user's login. The default is to leave this field "
+#~ "blank, which causes the system to select the default SELinux user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der SELinux-Benutzer für den Benutzer nach seiner Anmeldung. "
+#~ "Standardmäßig bleibt dieses Feld leer und es wird dem System überlassen, "
+#~ "den SELinux-Benutzer zu bestimmen."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option sets the <option>EXPIRE</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Diese Option verändert die Variable <option>EXPIRE</option> in <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/default/useradd</filename>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days after a password has expired before the account will "
+#~ "be disabled."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "die Anzahl von Tagen nach dem Ablaufen des Passworts bis das Konto "
+#~ "deaktiviert wird"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option sets the <option>INACTIVE</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Diese Option verändert die Variable <option>INACTIVE</option> in "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The group name or ID for a new user's initial group (when the <option>-"
+#~ "N/--no-user-group</option> is used or when the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</"
+#~ "option> variable is set to <replaceable>no</replaceable> in <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/login.defs</filename>). The named group must exist, and a numerical "
+#~ "group ID must have an existing entry."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Gruppenname oder die GID für die Anfangsgruppe eines neuen Benutzers "
+#~ "(wenn <option>-N/--no-user-group</option> verwendet wird oder wenn in "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> die Variable "
+#~ "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> auf <replaceable>no</replaceable> "
+#~ "gesetzt ist). Die bezeichnete Gruppe und die GID müssen existieren."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option sets the <option>GROUP</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Diese Option verändert die Variable <option>GROUP</option> in <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/default/useradd</filename>."
+
+#~ msgid "The name of a new user's login shell."
+#~ msgstr "der Name der Anmelde-Shell des neuen Benutzers"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option sets the <option>SHELL</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Diese Option verändert die Variable <option>SHELL</option> in <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/default/useradd</filename>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Usernames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed "
+#~ "by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with "
+#~ "a dollar sign. In regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Benutzernamen müssen mit einem Kleinbuchstaben oder einem Unterstrich "
+#~ "beginnen. Sie dürfen nur Kleinbuchstaben, Zahlen, Unterstriche oder "
+#~ "Gedankenstriche enthalten. Sie können mit einem Dollarzeichen enden. Als "
+#~ "regulärer Ausdruck: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>CREATE_HOME</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CREATE_HOME</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Indicate if a home directory should be created by default for new users."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "bestimmt, ob standardmäßig ein Home-Verzeichnis für neue Benutzer "
+#~ "erstellt werden soll"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This setting does not apply to system users, and can be overridden on the "
+#~ "command line."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Diese Einstellung trifft nicht auf Systembenutzer zu. Sie kann auf der "
+#~ "Befehlszeile überschrieben werden."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>GID_MAX</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>GID_MIN</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command>, <command>groupadd</command>, or "
+#~ "<command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "der Bereich von Gruppen-IDs, aus dem die Programme <command>useradd</"
+#~ "command>, <command>groupadd</command> oder <command>newusers</command> "
+#~ "bei der Erstellung normaler Gruppen auswählen dürfen"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>GID_MIN</option> (resp. <option>GID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>) is 1000 (resp. 60000)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Standardwert für <option>GID_MIN</option> ist 1000, für "
+#~ "<option>GID_MAX</option> 60.000."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The maximum number of days a password may be used. If the password is "
+#~ "older than this, a password change will be forced. If not specified, -1 "
+#~ "will be assumed (which disables the restriction)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die maximale Anzahl von Tagen, für die ein Passwort verwendet werden "
+#~ "darf. Wenn das Passwort älter ist, wird ein Wechsel des Passworts "
+#~ "erzwungen. Falls nicht angegeben, wird -1 angenommen (was zur Folge hat, "
+#~ "dass diese Beschränkung abgeschaltet ist)."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The minimum number of days allowed between password changes. Any password "
+#~ "changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected. If not specified, -1 "
+#~ "will be assumed (which disables the restriction)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Mindestanzahl von Tagen, bevor ein Wechsel des Passworts zugelassen "
+#~ "wird. Ein vorheriger Versuch, das Passwort zu ändern, wird abgelehnt. "
+#~ "Falls nicht angegeben, wird -1 angenommen (was zur Folge hat, dass diese "
+#~ "Beschränkung abgeschaltet ist)."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days warning given before a password expires. A zero means "
+#~ "warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means "
+#~ "no warning is given. If not specified, no warning will be provided."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Anzahl von Tagen, an denen der Benutzer vorgewarnt wird, bevor das "
+#~ "Passwort verfällt. Eine Null bedeutet, dass eine Warnung nur am Tag des "
+#~ "Verfalls ausgegeben wird. Ein negativer Wert bedeutet, dass keine "
+#~ "Vorwarnung erfolgt. Falls nicht angegeben, wird keine Vorwarnung "
+#~ "ausgegeben."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command>, <command>groupadd</command>, or "
+#~ "<command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "der Bereich von Gruppen-IDs, aus dem die Programme <command>useradd</"
+#~ "command>, <command>groupadd</command> oder <command>newusers</command> "
+#~ "bei der Erstellung von Systemgruppen auswählen dürfen"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (resp. "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option>) is 101 (resp. <option>GID_MIN</option>-1)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Standardwert für <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> ist 101, für  "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> <option>GID_MIN</option>-1."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> or <command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "der Bereich von Benutzer-IDs, aus dem die Programme <command>useradd</"
+#~ "command> oder <command>newusers</command> bei der Erstellung von "
+#~ "Systembenutzern auswählen dürfen"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (resp. "
+#~ "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>) is 101 (resp. <option>UID_MIN</option>-1)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Standardwert für <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> ist 101, für "
+#~ "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> <option>UID_MIN</option>-1."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>TCB_AUTH_GROUP</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TCB_AUTH_GROUP</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, newly created tcb shadow files will be "
+#~ "group owned by the <replaceable>auth</replaceable> group."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Falls <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, gehören neu erstellte tcb-shadow-"
+#~ "Dateien der Gruppe <replaceable>auth</replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>UID_MAX</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>UID_MIN</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> or <command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "der Bereich von Benutzer-IDs, aus dem die Programme <command>useradd</"
+#~ "command> oder <command>newusers</command> bei der Erstellung normaler "
+#~ "Benutzer auswählen dürfen"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>UID_MIN</option> (resp. <option>UID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>) is 1000 (resp. 60000)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Standardwert für <option>UID_MIN</option> ist 1000, für "
+#~ "<option>UID_MAX</option> 60.000."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>UMASK</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>UMASK</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value. If not "
+#~ "specified, the mask will be initialized to 022."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Bit-Gruppe, welche die Rechte von erstellten Dateien bestimmt, wird "
+#~ "anfänglich auf diesen Wert gesetzt. Falls nicht angegeben, wird sie auf "
+#~ "022 gesetzt."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> and <command>newusers</command> use this mask "
+#~ "to set the mode of the home directory they create"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> und <command>newusers</command> verwenden "
+#~ "diese Bit-Gruppe, um die Rechte des von ihnen erstellten Home-"
+#~ "Verzeichnisses zu setzen."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "It is also used by <command>login</command> to define users' initial "
+#~ "umask. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user's GECOS line (if "
+#~ "<option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> is set) or by the specification of a limit "
+#~ "with the <emphasis>K</emphasis> identifier in "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>limits</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Sie wird auch von <command>login</command> verwendet, um die anfängliche "
+#~ "Umask eines Benutzers zu bestimmen. Beachten Sie, dass diese Bit-Gruppe "
+#~ "durch die GECOS-Zeile des Benutzers (wenn <option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> "
+#~ "gesetzt wurde) oder die Festlegung eines Limits in "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>limits</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry> mit der Kennung <emphasis>K</emphasis> "
+#~ "überschrieben werden kann."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "It is also used by <command>pam_umask</command> as the default umask "
+#~ "value."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Sie wird ebenfalls von <command>pam_umask</command> als die Standard-"
+#~ "Umask verwendet."
+
+#~ msgid "username already in use"
+#~ msgstr "Benutzername ist schon vergeben"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>useradd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Befehl <command>useradd</command> gibt beim Beenden folgende Werte "
+#~ "zurück: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# SB: Bessere Übersetzung als 'Zielbenutzer'?
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Additional arguments may be provided after the username, in which case "
+#~ "they are supplied to the user's login shell. In particular, an argument "
+#~ "of <option>-c</option> will cause the next argument to be treated as a "
+#~ "command by most command interpreters. The command will be executed by the "
+#~ "shell specified in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> for the target user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Zusätzliche Argumente können nach dem Benutzernamen angegeben werden. In "
+#~ "diesem Fall werden sie an die Anmelde-Shell des Benutzers weitergereicht. "
+#~ "Insbesondere führt das Argument <option>-c</option> dazu, dass das "
+#~ "nächste Argument von den meisten Interpretatoren als Befehl behandelt "
+#~ "wird. Dieser Befehl wird von der Shell ausgeführt, die in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "passwd</filename> für den Zielbenutzer angegeben ist."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You can use the <option>--</option> argument to separate <command>su</"
+#~ "command> options from the arguments supplied to the shell."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Sie können das Argument <option>--</option> verwenden, um Optionen für "
+#~ "<command>su</command> von Argumenten für die Shell zu trennen."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--command</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--command</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>BEFEHL</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>-p</option>, <option>--preserve-environment</"
+#~ "option>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>-p</option>, <option>--preserve-environment</"
+#~ "option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>CONSOLE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CONSOLE</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, either full pathname of a file containing device names (one "
+#~ "per line) or a \":\" delimited list of device names. Root logins will be "
+#~ "allowed only upon these devices."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Konfiguration erfolgt entweder über die Angabe des vollen Pfadnamens "
+#~ "einer Datei, welche die Namen der Geräte enthält (eines pro Zeile), oder "
+#~ "mit einer Liste der Gerätenamen, die mit »:« getrennt sind. Root kann "
+#~ "sich nur auf diesen Geräten anmelden."
+
+#~ msgid "If not defined, root will be allowed on any device."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wenn es unkonfiguriert gelassen wird, kann sich Root auf jedem Gerät "
+#~ "anmelden."
+
+#~ msgid "The device should be specified without the /dev/ prefix."
+#~ msgstr "Das Gerät soll ohne vorangestelltes /dev/ angegeben werden."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>CONSOLE_GROUPS</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CONSOLE_GROUPS</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "List of groups to add to the user's supplementary groups set when logging "
+#~ "in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting). Default is "
+#~ "none. <placeholder-1/> Use with caution - it is possible for users to "
+#~ "gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the "
+#~ "console."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Liste von Gruppen, deren Mitglied der Benutzer wird, wenn der sich auf "
+#~ "der Konsole anmeldet, die mit dem Parameter CONSOLE festgelegt wird. "
+#~ "Standardmäßig ist die Liste leer. <placeholder-1/> Seien Sie vorsichtig. "
+#~ "Benutzer können dauerhaft Zugang zu den Gruppen erlangen, auch wenn sie "
+#~ "nicht auf der Konsole angemeldet sind."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>DEFAULT_HOME</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>DEFAULT_HOME</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Indicate if login is allowed if we can't cd to the home directory. "
+#~ "Default is no."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Legt fest, ob ein Login erlaubt wird, wenn mit cd nicht in das Home-"
+#~ "Verzeichnis gewechselt werden kann. Standardmäßig wird dies nicht "
+#~ "zugelassen."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the user will login in the root "
+#~ "(<filename>/</filename>) directory if it is not possible to cd to her "
+#~ "home directory."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Falls auf <replaceable>yes</replaceable> gesetzt, wird der Benutzer mit "
+#~ "dem Wurzelverzeichnis (<filename>/</filename>) angemeldet, wenn mit cd "
+#~ "nicht in sein Home-Verzeichnis gewechselt werden kann."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_HZ</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_HZ</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user "
+#~ "login. The value must be preceded by <replaceable>HZ=</replaceable>. A "
+#~ "common value on Linux is <replaceable>HZ=100</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wenn vergeben, wird damit die Umgebungsvariable HZ definiert, wenn sich "
+#~ "ein Benutzer anmeldet. Dem Wert muss ein <replaceable>HZ=</replaceable> "
+#~ "vorangestellt werden. Ein üblicher Wert bei Linux ist "
+#~ "<replaceable>HZ=100</replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <envar>HZ</envar> environment variable is only set when the user (the "
+#~ "superuser) logs in with <command>sulogin</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Umgebungsvariable <envar>HZ</envar> wird nur gesetzt, wenn sich der "
+#~ "Benutzer (der Administrator) mit <command>sulogin</command> anmeldet."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If this file exists and is readable, login environment will be read from "
+#~ "it. Every line should be in the form name=value."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wenn diese Datei vorhanden ist, wird die Anmeldeumgebung aus ihr gelesen. "
+#~ "Jede Zeile sollte die Form Name=Wert haben."
+
+#~ msgid "Lines starting with a # are treated as comment lines and ignored."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Zeilen, die mit einem # beginnen, werden als Kommentare behandelt und "
+#~ "daher ignoriert."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_PATH</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_PATH</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a "
+#~ "regular user login. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for "
+#~ "example <replaceable>/bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>) and can be preceded by "
+#~ "<replaceable>PATH=</replaceable>. The default value is <replaceable>PATH=/"
+#~ "bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wenn gesetzt, wird damit die Umgebungsvariable PATH definiert, wenn sich "
+#~ "ein normaler Benutzer anmeldet. Der Wert ist eine Liste, deren Einträge "
+#~ "durch Doppelpunkte getrennt sind (zum Beispiel <replaceable>/bin:/usr/"
+#~ "bin</replaceable>). Ihr kann ein <replaceable>PATH=</replaceable> "
+#~ "vorangestellt werden. Der Standardwert ist <replaceable>PATH=/bin:/usr/"
+#~ "bin</replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the "
+#~ "superuser login. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for "
+#~ "example <replaceable>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>) and can "
+#~ "be preceded by <replaceable>PATH=</replaceable>. The default value is "
+#~ "<replaceable>PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wenn gesetzt, wird damit die Umgebungsvariable PATH definiert, wenn sich "
+#~ "der Superuser anmeldet. Der Wert ist eine Liste, deren Einträge durch "
+#~ "Doppelpunkte getrennt sind (zum Beispiel <replaceable>/sbin:/bin:/usr/"
+#~ "sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>). Ihr kann ein <replaceable>PATH=</"
+#~ "replaceable> vorangestellt werden. Der Standardwert ist "
+#~ "<replaceable>PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_TZ</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_TZ</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user "
+#~ "login. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by "
+#~ "<replaceable>TZ=</replaceable> (for example <replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</"
+#~ "replaceable>), or the full path to the file containing the timezone "
+#~ "specification (for example <filename>/etc/tzname</filename>)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wenn gesetzt, wird damit die Umgebungsvariable TZ definiert, wenn sich "
+#~ "ein Benutzer anmeldet. Der Wert kann der Name der Zeitzone sein, dem "
+#~ "<replaceable>TZ=</replaceable> vorausgeht (zum Beispiel "
+#~ "<replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</replaceable>), oder der vollständige Pfad der "
+#~ "Datei, welche die Konfiguration der Zeitzone enthält (zum Beispiel "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/tzname</filename>)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be "
+#~ "read, the default is to use <replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wenn ein vollständiger Pfadname angegeben wird, die Datei aber nicht "
+#~ "existiert oder nicht lesbar ist, wird <replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</"
+#~ "replaceable> verwendet."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_STRING</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOGIN_STRING</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The string used for prompting a password. The default is to use "
+#~ "\"Password: \", or a translation of that string. If you set this "
+#~ "variable, the prompt will not be translated."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Diese Zeichenkette wird bei der Eingabeaufforderung des Passworts "
+#~ "(Prompt) verwendet. Standardmäßig wird »Password: « oder eine Übersetzung "
+#~ "davon benutzt. Wenn Sie diese Variable definieren, wird die "
+#~ "Eingabeaufforderung nicht übersetzt."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If the string contains <replaceable>%s</replaceable>, this will be "
+#~ "replaced by the user's name."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wenn die Zeichenkette ein <replaceable>%s</replaceable> enthält, wird "
+#~ "dies durch den Benutzernamen ersetzt."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable checking and display of mailbox status upon login."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "aktiviert die Prüfung und Anzeige des Status der Mailbox bei der Anmeldung"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You should disable it if the shell startup files already check for mail "
+#~ "(\"mailx -e\" or equivalent)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Sie sollten dies abschalten, wenn schon die Startdateien der Shell die "
+#~ "Mails prüfen (»mailx -e« oder ähnliches)."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable setting of resource limits from <filename>/etc/limits</filename> "
+#~ "and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user's passwd gecos field."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "aktiviert das Setzen von Resourcenbeschränkungen aus <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "limits</filename> und von ulimit, umask und niceness aus dem gecos-Feld "
+#~ "des Benutzers von passwd"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SULOG_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SULOG_FILE</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid "If defined, all su activity is logged to this file."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wenn angegeben, wird jeder Aufruf von su in dieser Datei protokolliert."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SU_NAME</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SU_NAME</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, the command name to display when running \"su -\". For "
+#~ "example, if this is defined as \"su\" then a \"ps\" will display the "
+#~ "command is \"-su\". If not defined, then \"ps\" would display the name of "
+#~ "the shell actually being run, e.g. something like \"-sh\"."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Damit kann die Anzeige des Namens des Befehls festgelegt werden, wenn »su "
+#~ "-« ausgeführt wird. Wenn beispielsweise dies auf »su« gesetzt wurde, "
+#~ "zeigt »ps« den Befehl als »-su« an. Wenn es dagegen nicht vergeben wurde, "
+#~ "wird »ps« den Namen der Shell anzeigen, die ausgeführt wird, also etwa »-"
+#~ "sh«."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SU_WHEEL_ONLY</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SU_WHEEL_ONLY</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the user must be listed as a member of "
+#~ "the first gid 0 group in <filename>/etc/group</filename> (called "
+#~ "<replaceable>root</replaceable> on most Linux systems) to be able to "
+#~ "<command>su</command> to uid 0 accounts. If the group doesn't exist or is "
+#~ "empty, no one will be able to <command>su</command> to uid 0."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Falls <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, muss der Benutzer Mitglied der "
+#~ "ersten Gruppe mit der GID 0 in <filename>/etc/group</filename> sein (auf "
+#~ "den meisten Linux-Systemen heißt die <replaceable>root</replaceable>), um "
+#~ "mit <command>su</command> zu einem Konto mit der UID 0 wechseln zu "
+#~ "können. Falls die Gruppe nicht existiert oder keine Mitglieder hat, kann "
+#~ "niemand mittels <command>su</command> zur UID 0 wechseln."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SYSLOG_SU_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYSLOG_SU_ENAB</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable \"syslog\" logging of <command>su</command> activity - in addition "
+#~ "to sulog file logging."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "aktiviert das Protokollieren der Aktivitäten von <command>su</command> in "
+#~ "»syslog« neben der Protokollierung in der sulog-Datei"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SYSLOG_SG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYSLOG_SG_ENAB</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable \"syslog\" logging of <command>sg</command> activity."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "aktiviert das Protokollieren der Aktivitäten von <command>sg</command> in "
+#~ "»syslog«"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# SB: Translation ok?
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>pwunconv</command> command creates <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">passwd</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</"
+#~ "emphasis> and <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> and then removes "
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Befehl <command>pwunconv</command> erstellt eine <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">passwd</emphasis>-Datei aus einer <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">passwd</emphasis>- und <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</"
+#~ "emphasis>-Datei und entfernt anschließend die<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis>-Datei."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>grpconv</command> command creates <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</"
+#~ "emphasis> and an optionally existing <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</"
+#~ "emphasis>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Befehl <command>grconv</command> erstellt eine <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis>-Datei aus einer <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">group</emphasis>-Datei und gegebenenfalls aus einer bereits "
+#~ "vorhandenen <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis>-Datei."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>grpunconv</command> command creates <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> "
+#~ "and <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis> and then removes <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Befehl <command>grpunconv</command> erstellt eine <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">group</emphasis>-Datei aus einer <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</"
+#~ "emphasis>- und <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis>-Datei und "
+#~ "entfernt anschließend die <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis>-Datei."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<command>pwconv</command> will use the values of <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_MIN_DAYS</emphasis>, <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_MAX_DAYS</emphasis>, and <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_WARN_AGE</emphasis> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename> when adding new entries to <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>pwconv</command> verwendet die Werte <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_MIN_DAYS</emphasis>, <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_MAX_DAYS</emphasis> und <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_WARN_AGE</emphasis> aus <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename>, wenn neue Einträge zu <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> "
+#~ "hinzugefügt werden."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>pwconv</command>, "
+#~ "<command>pwunconv</command>, <command>grpconv</command>, and "
+#~ "<command>grpunconv</command> commands are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Optionen, die von den Befehlen <command>pwconv</command>, "
+#~ "<command>pwunconv</command>, <command>grpconv</command> und "
+#~ "<command>grpunconv</command> unterstützt werden, sind:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The following configuration variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename> changes the behavior of <command>grpconv</command> and "
+#~ "<command>grpunconv</command>:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die folgende Konfigurationsvariablen in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename> beeinflussen das Verhalten von <command>grpconv</command> und "
+#~ "<command>grpunconv</command>:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase condition=\"tcb\">, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_convert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_unconvert</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase condition=\"tcb\">, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_convert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_unconvert</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>pwck</command> command verifies the integrity of the users "
+#~ "and authentication information. It checks that all entries in <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">(or the files in <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>, when "
+#~ "<option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled)</phrase> have the proper format and "
+#~ "contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are "
+#~ "improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Befehl <command>pwck</command> überprüft die Stimmigkeit der "
+#~ "Benutzer- und Authentifizierungsdaten. Alle Einträge in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "passwd</filename> und <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"> (oder die Dateien in <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>, "
+#~ "falls <option>USE_TCB</option> aktiviert ist)</phrase> werden darauf "
+#~ "überprüft, ob der Eintrag das richtige Format hat und gültige Daten "
+#~ "enthält. Der Benutzer wird aufgefordert, Einträge zu löschen, die falsch "
+#~ "formatiert sind oder andere unbehebbare Fehler enthalten."
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>pwck</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>pwck</command> unterstützt werden, "
+#~ "sind:"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--read-only</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--read-only</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sort</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sort</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The encrypted password field may be blank, in which case no password is "
+#~ "required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some "
+#~ "applications which read the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file may "
+#~ "decide not to permit <emphasis>any</emphasis> access at all if the "
+#~ "<emphasis>password</emphasis> field is blank. If the <emphasis>password</"
+#~ "emphasis> field is a lower-case <quote>x</quote>, then the encrypted "
+#~ "password is actually stored in the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file instead; there "
+#~ "<emphasis>must</emphasis> be a corresponding line in the <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "shadow</filename> file, or else the user account is invalid. If the "
+#~ "<emphasis>password</emphasis> field is any other string, then it will be "
+#~ "treated as an encrypted password, as specified by "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Das Feld für das verschlüsselte Passwort kann leer sein. In diesem Fall "
+#~ "wird kein Passwort benötigt, um sich beim System anzumelden. Allerdings "
+#~ "werden einige Anwendung, die <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> auswerten, "
+#~ "<emphasis>keinen</emphasis> Zugriff erlauben, wenn das "
+#~ "<emphasis>Passwort</emphasis>-Feld leer ist. Wenn das <emphasis>Passwort</"
+#~ "emphasis>-Feld ein kleines <quote>x</quote> enthält, ist das Passwort in "
+#~ "der Datei <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> gespeichert. Es "
+#~ "<emphasis>muss</emphasis> sich dann ein passender Eintrag in <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/shadow</filename> befinden, oder das Benutzerkonto ist ungültig. Wenn "
+#~ "das <emphasis>Passwort</emphasis>-Feld eine andere Zeichenkette enthält, "
+#~ "wird diese als ein verschlüsseltes Passwort behandelt. Genaueres dazu "
+#~ "befindet sich unter <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Das Kommentarfeld wird von verschiedenen Systemprogrammen wie z.B. "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry> ausgewertet."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INAKTIV</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_TAGE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--repository</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--repository</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>DEPOT</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-S</option>, <option>--status</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-S</option>, <option>--status</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WARN_TAGE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-x</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-x</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_TAGE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting "
+#~ "passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Damit wird der standardmäßige Verschlüsselungsalgorithmus, mit dem "
+#~ "Passwörter verschlüsselt werden, bestimmt (soweit nicht in der "
+#~ "Befehlszeile ein Algorithmus angegeben wird)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "It can take one of these values: <replaceable>DES</replaceable> "
+#~ "(default), <replaceable>MD5</replaceable><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"sha_crypt\">, <replaceable>SHA256</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>SHA512</replaceable></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Ihm kann einer der folgenden Wert zugewiesen werden: <replaceable>DES</"
+#~ "replaceable> (default), <replaceable>MD5</replaceable><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"sha_crypt\">, <replaceable>SHA256</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>SHA512</replaceable></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: this parameter overrides the <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> "
+#~ "variable."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Hinweis: Dieser Parameter überschreibt die Variable "
+#~ "<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords. The generation "
+#~ "of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration. It "
+#~ "is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM "
+#~ "configuration."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Hinweis: Damit wird lediglich die Erstellung von Gruppenpasswörtern "
+#~ "beeinflusst. Benutzerpasswörter werden dagegen von PAM erstellt, so dass "
+#~ "dieser Vorgang in PAM konfiguriert werden muss. Empfehlenswert ist, diese "
+#~ "Variable mit der Konfiguration von PAM in Einklang zu bringen."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5-based algorithm. If "
+#~ "set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, new passwords will be encrypted "
+#~ "using the MD5-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent "
+#~ "releases of FreeBSD. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer "
+#~ "salt strings. Set to <replaceable>no</replaceable> if you need to copy "
+#~ "encrypted passwords to other systems which don't understand the new "
+#~ "algorithm. Default is <replaceable>no</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Legt fest, ob Passwörter mit dem auf MD5 beruhenden Algorithmus "
+#~ "verschlüsselt werden. Falls diesem Wert <replaceable>yes</replaceable> "
+#~ "zugewiesen ist, werden neue Passwörter mit dem auf MD5 beruhenden "
+#~ "Algorithmus verschlüsselt, der zu dem in der aktuellen Veröffentlichung "
+#~ "von FreeBSD eingesetzten Algorithmus kompatibel ist. Passwörter können "
+#~ "dann beliebig lang sein, auch die Salt-Zeichenketten sind länger. Setzen "
+#~ "Sie diesen Wert auf <replaceable>no</replaceable>, wenn Sie "
+#~ "verschlüsselte Passwörter auf ein anderes System kopieren möchten, das "
+#~ "den neuen Algorithmus nicht versteht. Der Standardwert ist "
+#~ "<replaceable>no</replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This variable is superseded by the <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> "
+#~ "variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption "
+#~ "algorithm."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Dieser Variable geht die Variable <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> und "
+#~ "eine Option auf der Befehlszeile, mit der der Verschlüsselungsalgorithmus "
+#~ "bestimmt wird, vor."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This variable is deprecated. You should use <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</"
+#~ "option>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Einsatz dieser Variable ist veraltet. Sie sollten "
+#~ "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> verwenden."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable additional checks upon password changes."
+#~ msgstr "Aktiviert zusätzliche Tests bei der Veränderung eines Passworts."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_ALWAYS_WARN</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_ALWAYS_WARN</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#~ msgid "Warn about weak passwords (but still allow them) if you are root."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "weist auf schwache Passwörter hin (aber lässt sie zu), falls Sie root sind"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_CHANGE_TRIES</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_CHANGE_TRIES</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Maximum number of attempts to change password if rejected (too easy)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "maximale Anzahl von Versuchen, ein Passwort zu ändern, wenn dies wegen zu "
+#~ "geringer Stärke des gewählten Passworts abgelehnt wurde"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MIN_LEN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MIN_LEN</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Number of significant characters in the password for crypt(). "
+#~ "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> is 8 by default. Don't change unless your "
+#~ "crypt() is better. This is ignored if <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> set "
+#~ "to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Anzahl der von crypt() berücksichtigten Zeichen des Passworts. "
+#~ "Standardmäßig ist <option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> 8. Diese Option wird "
+#~ "ignoriert, wenn <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> auf <replaceable>yes</"
+#~ "replaceable> gesetzt ist."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "When <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> is set to <replaceable>SHA256</"
+#~ "replaceable> or <replaceable>SHA512</replaceable>, this defines the "
+#~ "number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when "
+#~ "the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wenn <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> auf <replaceable>SHA256</"
+#~ "replaceable> oder <replaceable>SHA512</replaceable> gesetzt ist, legt "
+#~ "dies die Anzahl der Runden von SHA fest, die standardmäßig vom "
+#~ "Verschlüsselungsalgorithmus verwendet werden (falls die Anzahl der Runden "
+#~ "nicht auf der Befehlszeile angegeben wird)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password. "
+#~ "But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate "
+#~ "users."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Je mehr Runden Sie definieren, umso schwieriger ist es, das Passwort mit "
+#~ "sturem Durchprobieren (brute force) zu knacken; umso mehr Rechenleistung "
+#~ "wird jedoch auch für die Anmeldung eines Benutzers benötigt."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds "
+#~ "(5000)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Falls Sie nichts angeben, wird libc die Standardanzahl der Runden  "
+#~ "festlegen (5000)."
+
+#~ msgid "The values must be inside the 1000-999,999,999 range."
+#~ msgstr "Die Werte müssen zwischen 1000-999.999.999 liegen."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If only one of the <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> or "
+#~ "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> values is set, then this value will "
+#~ "be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Falls nur der Wert für <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> oder "
+#~ "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> festgelegt wird, wird dieser Wert "
+#~ "verwendet."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> &gt; "
+#~ "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option>, the highest value will be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Falls <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> &gt; "
+#~ "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option>, wird der höhere Wert verwendet."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>passwd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Befehl <command>passwd</command> gibt beim Beenden folgende Werte "
+#~ "zurück: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "To disable all logins, investigate <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wie Sie alle Konten abschalten, erfahren Sie unter "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified "
+#~ "directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or "
+#~ "updated and its primary group."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wenn in diesem Feld ein Verzeichnis angegeben wird, das nicht vorhanden "
+#~ "ist, wird es erstellt. Dieses gehört dem Benutzer, der gerade erstellt "
+#~ "und aktualisiert wird, und dessen Hauptgruppe."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>newusers</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>newusers</command> unterstützt "
+#~ "werden, sind:"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "PAM configuration for <command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr "Konfiguration von PAM für <command>newusers</command>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>CHFN_AUTH</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CHFN_AUTH</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <command>chfn</command> program "
+#~ "will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the "
+#~ "superuser."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Falls <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, benötigt das Programm "
+#~ "<command>chfn</command> eine Authentifizierung, bevor es Änderungen "
+#~ "vornimmt, sofern es nicht von Root ausgeführt wird."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>CHFN_RESTRICT</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CHFN_RESTRICT</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This parameter specifies which values in the <emphasis remap=\"I\">gecos</"
+#~ "emphasis> field of the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file may be "
+#~ "changed by regular users using the <command>chfn</command> program. It "
+#~ "can be any combination of letters <replaceable>f</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>r</replaceable>, <replaceable>w</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>h</replaceable>, for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and "
+#~ "Home phone, respectively. For backward compatibility, <replaceable>yes</"
+#~ "replaceable> is equivalent to <replaceable>rwh</replaceable> and "
+#~ "<replaceable>no</replaceable> is equivalent to <replaceable>frwh</"
+#~ "replaceable>. If not specified, only the superuser can make any changes. "
+#~ "The most restrictive setting is better achieved by not installing "
+#~ "<command>chfn</command> SUID."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Parameter bestimmt, welcher Wert in dem <emphasis remap=\"I\">gecos</"
+#~ "emphasis>-Feld von <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> von gewöhnlichen "
+#~ "Benutzern mittels des Programms <command>chfn</command> geändert werden "
+#~ "darf. Er kann aus jeder Kombination der Buchstaben <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">f</emphasis> ,<emphasis remap=\"I\">r</emphasis>, <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">w</emphasis> und <emphasis remap=\"I\">h</emphasis> bestehen. "
+#~ "Diese Buchstaben stehen für den vollständigen Namen, die Zimmernummer, "
+#~ "die geschäftliche Telefonnummer und die private Telefonnummer. Zum Zweck "
+#~ "der Abwärtskompatibilität entspricht <replaceable>yes</replaceable> "
+#~ "<replaceable>rwh</replaceable> und <replaceable>no</replaceable> "
+#~ "<replaceable>frwh</replaceable>. Falls nichts festgelegt wird, kann nur "
+#~ "Root Änderungen vornehmen. Die größte Einschränkung erreicht man besser, "
+#~ "indem <filename>chfn</filename> nicht mit SUID-Rechten ausgestattet wird."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>CHSH_AUTH</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CHSH_AUTH</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <command>chsh</command> program "
+#~ "will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the "
+#~ "superuser."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Falls <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, benötigt das Programm "
+#~ "<command>chsh</command> eine Authentifizierung, bevor es Änderungen "
+#~ "vornimmt, sofern es nicht von Root ausgeführt wird."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ERASECHAR</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ERASECHAR</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Terminal ERASE character (<replaceable>010</replaceable> = backspace, "
+#~ "<replaceable>0177</replaceable> = DEL)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Das Löschzeichen des Terminals (<replaceable>010</replaceable> = "
+#~ "Rücktaste, <replaceable>0177</replaceable> = Entf)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The value can be prefixed \"0\" for an octal value, or \"0x\" for an "
+#~ "hexadecimal value."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wenn der Wert mit »0« beginnt, wird er als Oktalzahl gewertet, wenn er "
+#~ "mit »0x« beginnt, als Hexadezimalzahl."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>FAIL_DELAY</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FAIL_DELAY</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Delay in seconds before being allowed another attempt after a login "
+#~ "failure."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wartezeit in Sekunden, ehe nach einem fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldeversuch ein "
+#~ "neuer unternommen werden kann"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>FAILLOG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FAILLOG_ENAB</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable logging and display of <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> login "
+#~ "failure info."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "aktiviert die Protokollierung und Anzeige der Informationen zu "
+#~ "fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldeversuchen in <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>FAKE_SHELL</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FAKE_SHELL</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, <command>login</command> will execute this shell instead of the "
+#~ "users' shell specified in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Falls angegeben, führt <command>login</command> diese Shell anstelle der "
+#~ "in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> angegebenen Shell des Benutzers aus."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>FTMP_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FTMP_FILE</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, login failures will be logged in this file in a utmp format."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Falls angegeben, werden fehlgeschlagene Anmeldeversuche in dieser Datei "
+#~ "im Format utmp protokolliert."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>HUSHLOGIN_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>HUSHLOGIN_FILE</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, this file can inhibit all the usual chatter during the login "
+#~ "sequence. If a full pathname is specified, then hushed mode will be "
+#~ "enabled if the user's name or shell are found in the file. If not a full "
+#~ "pathname, then hushed mode will be enabled if the file exists in the "
+#~ "user's home directory."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Falls angegeben, kann diese Datei die übliche Informationsanzeige während "
+#~ "des Anmeldevorgangs unterbinden. Wenn ein vollständiger Pfad angegeben "
+#~ "wird, wird der Modus ohne Anmeldeinformationen verwendet, wenn der Name "
+#~ "oder die Shell des Benutzers in der Datei enthalten sind. Wenn kein "
+#~ "vollständiger Pfad angegeben wird, wird der Modus ohne "
+#~ "Anmeldeinformationen aktiviert, wenn die Datei im Home-Verzeichnis des "
+#~ "Benutzers existiert."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ISSUE_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ISSUE_FILE</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid "If defined, this file will be displayed before each login prompt."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Falls angegeben, wird diese Datei vor der Anmeldeaufforderung angezeigt."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>KILLCHAR</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>KILLCHAR</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid "Terminal KILL character (<replaceable>025</replaceable> = CTRL/U)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Das KILL-Zeichen des Terminals (<replaceable>025</replaceable> = CTRL/U)."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LASTLOG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LASTLOG_ENAB</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable logging and display of /var/log/lastlog login time info."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "aktiviert die Protokollierung und Anzeige der Informationen zu "
+#~ "Anmeldezeiten in <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LOG_OK_LOGINS</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOG_OK_LOGINS</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable logging of successful logins."
+#~ msgstr "aktiviert die Protokollierung erfolgreicher Anmeldungen"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable display of unknown usernames when login failures are recorded."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "aktiviert die Anzeige unbekannter Benutzernamen, wenn fehlgeschlagene "
+#~ "Anmeldeversuche aufgezeichnet werden"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: logging unknown usernames may be a security issue if an user enter "
+#~ "her password instead of her login name."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Hinweis: Das Protokollieren unbekannter Benutzernamen kann ein "
+#~ "Sicherheitsproblem darstellen, wenn ein Benutzer sein Passwort anstelle "
+#~ "seines Anmeldenamens eingibt."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_RETRIES</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOGIN_RETRIES</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid "Maximum number of login retries in case of bad password."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "maximale Anzahl von Anmeldeversuchen, wenn ein falsches Passwort "
+#~ "eingegeben wird"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This will most likely be overridden by PAM, since the default pam_unix "
+#~ "module has its own built in of 3 retries. However, this is a safe "
+#~ "fallback in case you are using an authentication module that does not "
+#~ "enforce PAM_MAXTRIES."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Dies wird höchstwahrscheinlich von PAM überschrieben, da standardmäßig "
+#~ "das Modul pam_unix drei Versuche enthält. Dennoch stellt dies ein "
+#~ "zusätzliches Sicherungssystem dar, falls Sie eine Anmeldemöglichkeit "
+#~ "einsetzen, die nicht PAM_MAXTRIES beachtet."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_TIMEOUT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOGIN_TIMEOUT</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid "Max time in seconds for login."
+#~ msgstr "Höchstdauer für einen Anmeldeversuch"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MOTD_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MOTD_FILE</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, \":\" delimited list of \"message of the day\" files to be "
+#~ "displayed upon login."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Falls angegeben, eine Aufzählung von Dateien, welche die bei der "
+#~ "Anmeldung anzuzeigenden »Nachrichten des Tages« enthält. Die Dateien "
+#~ "werden mit einem »:« getrennt."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>NOLOGINS_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>NOLOGINS_FILE</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, name of file whose presence will inhibit non-root logins. The "
+#~ "contents of this file should be a message indicating why logins are "
+#~ "inhibited."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Falls angegeben, der Name einer Datei, deren Existenz Anmeldungen außer "
+#~ "von Root verhindert. Der Inhalt der Datei sollte die Gründe enthalten, "
+#~ "weshalb Anmeldungen untersagt sind."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolesch)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable checking of time restrictions specified in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "porttime</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "aktiviert die Auswertung der in <filename>/etc/porttime</filename> "
+#~ "angegebenen Zeitbegrenzungen"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYGROUP</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TTYGROUP</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYPERM</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TTYPERM</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the "
+#~ "<option>TTYGROUP</option> group, and the permissions will be set to "
+#~ "<option>TTYPERM</option>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Rechte des Terminals: Das Anmelde-tty gehört der Gruppe "
+#~ "<option>TTYGROUP</option> an, die Rechte werden auf <option>TTYPERM</"
+#~ "option> gesetzt."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user's primary "
+#~ "group and the permissions are set to <replaceable>0600</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Standardmäßig ist der Eigentümer des Terminals die Hauptgruppe des "
+#~ "Benutzers, die Rechte werden auf <replaceable>0600</replaceable> gesetzt."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>TTYGROUP</option> can be either the name of a group or a numeric "
+#~ "group identifier."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>TTYGROUP</option> kann der Gruppenname oder die als Zahl "
+#~ "ausgedrückte Gruppen-ID sein."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If you have a <command>write</command> program which is \"setgid\" to a "
+#~ "special group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the group "
+#~ "number and TTYPERM to 0620. Otherwise leave TTYGROUP commented out and "
+#~ "assign TTYPERM to either 622 or 600."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wenn Sie ein <command>write</command>-Programm haben, das »setgid« für "
+#~ "eine Gruppe besitzt, der das Terminal gehört, sollten Sie TTYGROUP die "
+#~ "Gruppennummer und TTYPERM den Wert 0620 zuweisen. Oder Sie sollten "
+#~ "TTYGROUP als Kommentar belassen und TTYPERM den Wert 622 oder 600 "
+#~ "zuweisen."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYTYPE_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TTYTYPE_FILE</option> (Zeichenkette)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, file which maps tty line to TERM environment parameter. Each "
+#~ "line of the file is in a format something like \"vt100 tty01\"."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Falls angegeben, eine Datei, welche einer tty-Zeile den "
+#~ "Umgebungsparameter TERM zuweist. Jede Zeile hat das Format wie etwa "
+#~ "»vt100 tty01«."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ULIMIT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ULIMIT</option> (Zahl)"
+
+#~ msgid "Default <command>ulimit</command> value."
+#~ msgstr "der Standardwert von <command>ulimit</command>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CHFN_AUTH</phrase> CHFN_RESTRICT <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CHFN_AUTH</phrase> CHFN_RESTRICT <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ "
+#~ "ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FAILLOG_ENAB</phrase> FAKE_SHELL <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FTMP_FILE</phrase> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">ISSUE_FILE</phrase> KILLCHAR <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LASTLOG_ENAB</phrase> LOGIN_RETRIES <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+#~ "LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR "
+#~ "MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB</"
+#~ "phrase> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ULIMIT "
+#~ "UMASK</phrase> USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ "
+#~ "ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FAILLOG_ENAB</phrase> FAKE_SHELL <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FTMP_FILE</phrase> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">ISSUE_FILE</phrase> KILLCHAR <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LASTLOG_ENAB</phrase> LOGIN_RETRIES <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+#~ "LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR "
+#~ "MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB</"
+#~ "phrase> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ULIMIT "
+#~ "UMASK</phrase> USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ENV_PATH "
+#~ "ENV_SUPATH <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING "
+#~ "MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB</phrase> SULOG_FILE "
+#~ "SU_NAME <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">SU_WHEEL_ONLY</phrase> "
+#~ "SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">USERGROUPS_ENAB</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ENV_PATH "
+#~ "ENV_SUPATH <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING "
+#~ "MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB</phrase> SULOG_FILE "
+#~ "SU_NAME <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">SU_WHEEL_ONLY</phrase> "
+#~ "SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">USERGROUPS_ENAB</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid "ENV_HZ <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr "ENV_HZ <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">permission</emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">users</"
+#~ "emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">origins</emphasis>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">Erlaubnis</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">Benutzer</emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">Herkunft</emphasis>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This version of <command>login</command> has many compilation options, "
+#~ "only some of which may be in use at any particular site."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Diese Version von <command>login</command> hat viele Optionen für die "
+#~ "Kompilierung, wobei eventuell nicht alle Optionen auf allen Systemen "
+#~ "verwendet werden."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>securetty</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>securetty</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "K: file creation mask, set by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>umask</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "K: Maske für die Dateierstellung, wird von "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>umask</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry> gesetzt."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "P: process priority, set by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "P: Prozesspriorität, wird von <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> gesetzt."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>lastlog</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>lastlog</command> unterstützt "
+#~ "werden, sind:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>TAGE</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-C</option>, <option>--clear</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-S</option>, <option>--set</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>TAGE</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>MENGE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "a valid group identifier <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> (<filename>/etc/"
+#~ "group</filename> only)</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "eine gültige Gruppenkennung <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> (nur für "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/group</filename>)</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "a valid list of members <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> and "
+#~ "administrators</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "eine gültige Liste der Mitglieder <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> und "
+#~ "Gruppenverwalter</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The commands which operate on the <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_gshadow\">file</phrase><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">and "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files</phrase> are not able to alter "
+#~ "corrupted or duplicated entries. <command>grpck</command> should be used "
+#~ "in those circumstances to remove the offending entries."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Befehle, welche die <phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">Datei <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/group</filename></phrase><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">Dateien "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/group</filename> und <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></"
+#~ "phrase> bearbeiten, können falsche oder doppelte Einträge nicht "
+#~ "verändern. In solchen Fällen sollte <command>grpwck</command> verwendet "
+#~ "werden, um die betreffenden Einträge zu entfernen."
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>grpck</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>grpck</command> unterstützt werden, "
+#~ "sind:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Sort entries in <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase> by "
+#~ "GID."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Ordnet die Einträge in <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">und <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase> nach "
+#~ "der GID."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "By default, <command>grpck</command> operates on <filename>/etc/group</"
+#~ "filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#~ "filename></phrase>. The user may select alternate files with the "
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">group</emphasis><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_gshadow\">parameter.</phrase><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">and <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> "
+#~ "parameters.</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Standardmäßig arbeitet <command>grpck</command> mit  <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "group</filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> und <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "gshadow</filename></phrase>. Der Benutzer kann andere Dateien mit <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_gshadow\">dem Parameter <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</"
+#~ "emphasis></phrase><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">den Parametern <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> und <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis></"
+#~ "phrase> auswählen."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>grpck</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Befehl <command>grpck</command> gibt beim Beenden folgende Werte "
+#~ "zurück: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>, </citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>, </citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getuid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getuid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupmod</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>groupmod</command> unterstützt "
+#~ "werden, sind:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "No checks will be performed with regard to the <option>GID_MIN</option>, "
+#~ "<option>GID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option>, or "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Werte von <option>GID_MIN</option>, <option>GID_MAX</option>, "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> und <option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> aus "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> werden nicht geprüft."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--new-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NEW_GROUP</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--new-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NEUE_GRUPPE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupmod</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Befehl <command>groupmod</command> gibt beim Beenden folgende Werte "
+#~ "zurück: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupmems</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>groupmems</command> unterstützt "
+#~ "werden, sind:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user_name</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>Benutzer_Name</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>user_name</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>Benutzer_Name</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>group_name</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>Gruppen_Name</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-p</option>, <option>--purge</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-p</option>, <option>--purge</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupdel</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>groupdel</command> unterstützt "
+#~ "werden, sind:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupdel</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Befehl <command>groupdel</command> gibt beim Beenden folgende Werte "
+#~ "zurück: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupadd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>groupadd</command> unterstützt "
+#~ "werden, sind:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "See also the <option>-r</option> option and the <option>GID_MAX</option> "
+#~ "description."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Vergleichen Sie auch die Option <option>-r</option> und die Ausführungen "
+#~ "zu <option>GID_MAX</option>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Example: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Beispiel: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "This option permits to add a group with a non-unique GID."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Diese Option erlaubt es, eine Gruppe mit einer nicht eindeutigen GID zu "
+#~ "erstellen."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Groupnames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed "
+#~ "by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with "
+#~ "a dollar sign. In regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Gruppennamen müssen mit einem Kleinbuchstaben oder einem Unterstrich "
+#~ "beginnen. Nachfolgend dürfen sie Kleinbuchstaben, Zahlen, Unterstriche "
+#~ "und Gedankenstriche enthalten. Das letzte Zeichen darf auch ein "
+#~ "Dollarzeichen sein. Als regulärer Ausdruck: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Groupnames may only be up to &GROUP_NAME_MAX_LENGTH; characters long."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Gruppennamen dürfen nur bis zu &GROUP_NAME_MAX_LENGTH; Zeichen lang sein."
+
+#~ msgid "GID not unique (when <option>-o</option> not used)"
+#~ msgstr "GID nicht eindeutig (wenn <option>-o</option> nicht angegeben wird)"
+
+#~ msgid "group name not unique"
+#~ msgstr "Gruppenname nicht eindeutig"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupadd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Befehl <command>groupadd</command> gibt beim Beenden folgende Werte "
+#~ "zurück: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>gpasswd</command> command is used to administer <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/group</filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">, and <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "gshadow</filename></phrase>. Every group can have <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">administrators,</phrase> members and a password."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Befehl <command>gpasswd</command> dient zur Verwaltung von <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/group</filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> und <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "gshadow</filename></phrase>. Jede Gruppe kann <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">Gruppenverwalter,</phrase> Mitglieder und ein "
+#~ "Passwort haben."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<command>gpasswd</command> called by <phrase condition=\"gshadow\">a "
+#~ "group administrator</phrase><phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">a system "
+#~ "administrator</phrase> with a group name only prompts for the new "
+#~ "password of the <replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wenn ein <phrase condition=\"gshadow\">Gruppenverwalter</phrase><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_gshadow\">Systemadministrator</phrase> <command>gpasswd</"
+#~ "command> nur mit dem Gruppennamen aufruft, wird er aufgefordert, für die "
+#~ "<replaceable>Gruppe</replaceable> ein neues Passwort zu vergeben."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>gpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>gpasswd</command> unterstützt "
+#~ "werden, sind:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>Benutzer</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>Benutzer</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-Q</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-Q</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_VERZ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove-password</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove-password</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-R</option>, <option>--restrict</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-R</option>, <option>--restrict</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-A</option>, <option>--administrators</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>user</replaceable>,..."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-A</option>, <option>--administrators</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>Benutzer</replaceable>, ..."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--members</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>,..."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--members</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>Benutzer</replaceable>, ..."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>faillog</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>faillog</command> unterstützt "
+#~ "werden, sind:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-secs</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SEC</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-secs</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SEK</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--maximum</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>MAX</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--maximum</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>MAX</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>faillog</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>faillog</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>expiry</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>expiry</command> unterstützt "
+#~ "werden, sind:"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-c</option>, <option>--check</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-c</option>, <option>--check</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chsh</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>chsh</command> unterstützt werden, "
+#~ "sind:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">user_name</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">password</emphasis>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">Benutzername</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">Passwort</emphasis>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the "
+#~| "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> or <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> "
+#~| "variables of <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, and can be overwitten "
+#~| "with the <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</option>, or <option>-c</"
+#~| "option> options."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the "
+#~ "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> or <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> "
+#~ "variables of <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, and can be overwritten "
+#~ "with the <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</option>, or <option>-c</option> "
+#~ "options."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der standardmäßige Verschlüsselungsalgorithmus kann systemweit mit den "
+#~ "Variablen <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> oder <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</"
+#~ "option> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> definiert werden. Dieser "
+#~ "kann mit den Optionen <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</option> oder "
+#~ "<option>-c</option> überschrieben werden."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>chpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>chpasswd</command> unterstützt "
+#~ "werden, sind:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>METHOD</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>METHODE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ROUNDS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>RUNDEN</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "PAM configuration for <command>chpasswd</command>."
+#~ msgstr "PAM-Konfiguration für <command>chpasswd</command>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">group_name</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">password</emphasis>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">Gruppenname</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">Passwort</emphasis>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>chgpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>chgpasswd</command> unterstützt "
+#~ "werden, sind:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chfn</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>chfn</command> unterstützt werden, "
+#~ "sind:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--full-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FULL_NAME</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--full-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>VOLLSTÄNDIGER_NAME</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-h</option>, <option>--home-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_PHONE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-h</option>, <option>--home-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>TEL_PRIV</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>OTHER</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>SONSTIGES</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--room</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ROOM_NUMBER</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--room</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ZIMMER_NUMMER</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--work-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WORK_PHONE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--work-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>TEL_BERUF</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chage</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Optionen, die vom Befehl <command>chage</command> unterstützt werden, "
+#~ "sind:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--lastday</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>LAST_DAY</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--lastday</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>LETZTER_TAG</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-E</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-E</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>VERFALLSDATUM</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-I</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-I</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INAKTIV</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_TAGE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_TAGE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WARN_TAGE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>chage</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der Befehl <command>chage</command> gibt beim Beenden folgende Werte "
+#~ "zurück: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "translator-credits"
+#~ msgstr "Simon Brandmair (sbrandmair@gmx.net), 2005, 2007, 2011."
+
+#~ msgid "Kłoczko"
+#~ msgstr "Kłoczko"
+
+#~ msgid "François"
+#~ msgstr "François"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "can't create mail spool"
+#~ msgstr "Mail-Spool kann nicht erstellen werden."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The SELinux user for the user's login. The default is to leave this field "
+#~ "the blank, which causes the system to select the default SELinux user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Der SELinux-Benutzer für den Benutzer nach seiner Anmeldung. "
+#~ "Standardmäßig bleibt dieses Feld leer und es wird dem System überlassen, "
+#~ "den SELinux-Benutzer zu bestimmen."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "new_users"
+#~ msgstr "neue_benutzer"
+
+#~ msgid "-f <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-f <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "-w <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-w <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "-o <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-o <placeholder-1/>"
diff --git a/man/po/fr.po b/man/po/fr.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fff1a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/po/fr.po
@@ -0,0 +1,16146 @@
+# translation of shadow-man.po to French
+# French translation of the shadow's man pages
+# Traduction des pages de manuel livrées avec shadow
+# Copyright (C) 2011, 2012  Debian French l10n team <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org>
+#
+#     Certaines pages étaient déjà traduites:
+#       chpasswd: Amand Tihon <amand@alrj.org>
+#       faillog(5): Pascal Terjan <CMoi@tuxfamily.org>
+#
+# Nicolas FRANÇOIS <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>, 2004-2009.
+# Jean-Luc Coulon <jean-luc.coulon@wanadoo.fr>, 2008.
+# ABBAS.B <abelkcem@hotmail.com>, 2009.
+# Christian Perrier <bubulledebian.org>, 2009, 2012.
+# Thomas Blein <tbleintblein.eu>, 2011, 2012, 2013.
+# Jean-Philippe MENGUAL <mengualjeanphi@free.fr>, 2018.
+#       chage: Olivier Marin, 2001.
+#       chsh, groups, passwd(1), passwd(5): Christophe Blaess, 1997.
+#       gpasswd: Maxime Mastin, 2001.
+#       shadow(5): Thierry Vignaud <tvignaud@mandrakesoft.com>, 1999.
+#       useradd: Frédéric Delanoy, 2000.
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: shadow-man-pages 4.0.18\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-08 10:37-0600\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-01-30 21:55+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: Jean-Philippe MENGUAL <mengualjeanphi@free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: French <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org>\n"
+"Language: fr\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Generator: Lokalize 1.2\n"
+"X-Poedit-Language: French\n"
+"X-Poedit-Country: FRANCE\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);\n"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:16 chfn.1.xml.out:18 chpasswd.8.xml.out:19 chsh.1.xml.out:18
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:19 faillog.5.xml.out:15 faillog.8.xml.out:15
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:18 groupdel.8.xml.out:16 groupmod.8.xml.out:16
+#: groups.1.xml.out:15 grpck.8.xml.out:15 lastlog.8.xml.out:17
+#: login.1.xml.out:48 login.defs.5.xml.out:84 logoutd.8.xml.out:15
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:16 newusers.8.xml.out:31 passwd.1.xml.out:22
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:15 porttime.5.xml.out:15 pwck.8.xml.out:22
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:15 shadow.5.xml.out:15 sg.1.xml.out:16 su.1.xml.out:32
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:34 userdel.8.xml.out:21 usermod.8.xml.out:22
+msgid "Julianne Frances"
+msgstr "Julianne Frances"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:17 chfn.1.xml.out:19 chpasswd.8.xml.out:20 chsh.1.xml.out:19
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:20 faillog.5.xml.out:16 faillog.8.xml.out:16
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:19 groupdel.8.xml.out:17 groupmod.8.xml.out:17
+#: groups.1.xml.out:16 grpck.8.xml.out:16 lastlog.8.xml.out:18
+#: login.1.xml.out:49 login.defs.5.xml.out:85 logoutd.8.xml.out:16
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:17 newusers.8.xml.out:32 passwd.1.xml.out:23
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:16 porttime.5.xml.out:16 pwck.8.xml.out:23
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:16 shadow.5.xml.out:16 sg.1.xml.out:17 su.1.xml.out:33
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:35 userdel.8.xml.out:22 usermod.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Haugh"
+msgstr "Haugh"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:18 chfn.1.xml.out:20 chsh.1.xml.out:20 expiry.1.xml.out:21
+msgid "Creation, 1990"
+msgstr "Création, 1990"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:21 chfn.1.xml.out:23 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:20
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:24 chsh.1.xml.out:23 expiry.1.xml.out:24
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:20 faillog.8.xml.out:20 gpasswd.1.xml.out:25
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:23 groupdel.8.xml.out:21 groupmems.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:21 groups.1.xml.out:20 grpck.8.xml.out:20
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:22 limits.5.xml.out:22 login.1.xml.out:53
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:21 login.defs.5.xml.out:89 logoutd.8.xml.out:20
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:21 newusers.8.xml.out:36 passwd.1.xml.out:27
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:20 porttime.5.xml.out:20 pwck.8.xml.out:27
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:26 shadow.3.xml.out:20 shadow.5.xml.out:20 sg.1.xml.out:21
+#: su.1.xml.out:37 suauth.5.xml.out:20 useradd.8.xml.out:39
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:26 usermod.8.xml.out:27 vipw.8.xml.out:22
+msgid "Thomas"
+msgstr "Thomas"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:22 chfn.1.xml.out:24 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:21
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:25 chsh.1.xml.out:24 expiry.1.xml.out:25
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:21 faillog.8.xml.out:21 gpasswd.1.xml.out:26
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:24 groupdel.8.xml.out:22 groupmems.8.xml.out:25
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:22 groups.1.xml.out:21 grpck.8.xml.out:21
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:23 limits.5.xml.out:23 login.1.xml.out:54
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:22 login.defs.5.xml.out:90 logoutd.8.xml.out:21
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:22 newusers.8.xml.out:37 passwd.1.xml.out:28
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:21 porttime.5.xml.out:21 pwck.8.xml.out:28
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:27 shadow.3.xml.out:21 shadow.5.xml.out:21 sg.1.xml.out:22
+#: su.1.xml.out:38 suauth.5.xml.out:21 useradd.8.xml.out:40
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:27 usermod.8.xml.out:28 vipw.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Kłoczko"
+msgstr "Kłoczko"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/email
+#: chage.1.xml.out:23 chfn.1.xml.out:25 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:22
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:26 chsh.1.xml.out:25 expiry.1.xml.out:26
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:22 faillog.8.xml.out:22 gpasswd.1.xml.out:27
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:25 groupdel.8.xml.out:23 groupmems.8.xml.out:26
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:23 groups.1.xml.out:22 grpck.8.xml.out:22
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:24 limits.5.xml.out:24 login.1.xml.out:55
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:23 login.defs.5.xml.out:91 logoutd.8.xml.out:22
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:23 newusers.8.xml.out:38 passwd.1.xml.out:29
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:22 porttime.5.xml.out:22 pwck.8.xml.out:29
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:28 shadow.3.xml.out:22 shadow.5.xml.out:22 sg.1.xml.out:23
+#: su.1.xml.out:39 suauth.5.xml.out:22 useradd.8.xml.out:41
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:28 usermod.8.xml.out:29 vipw.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "kloczek@pld.org.pl"
+msgstr "kloczek@pld.org.pl"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:24 chfn.1.xml.out:26 chpasswd.8.xml.out:27 chsh.1.xml.out:26
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:27 faillog.5.xml.out:23 faillog.8.xml.out:23
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:28 groupadd.8.xml.out:26 groupdel.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:27 groupmod.8.xml.out:24 groups.1.xml.out:23
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:23 lastlog.8.xml.out:25 limits.5.xml.out:25
+#: login.1.xml.out:56 login.access.5.xml.out:24 login.defs.5.xml.out:92
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:23 newgrp.1.xml.out:24 newusers.8.xml.out:39
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:30 passwd.5.xml.out:23 porttime.5.xml.out:23
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:30 pwconv.8.xml.out:29 shadow.3.xml.out:23
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:23 sg.1.xml.out:24 su.1.xml.out:40 suauth.5.xml.out:23
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:42 userdel.8.xml.out:29 usermod.8.xml.out:30
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:25
+msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007"
+msgstr "Responsable de shadow-utils, 2000 - 2007"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:27 chfn.1.xml.out:29 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:26
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:30 chsh.1.xml.out:29 expiry.1.xml.out:30
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:26 faillog.8.xml.out:26 gpasswd.1.xml.out:31
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:29 groupdel.8.xml.out:27 groupmems.8.xml.out:30
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:27 groups.1.xml.out:26 grpck.8.xml.out:26
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:14 lastlog.8.xml.out:28 limits.5.xml.out:28
+#: login.1.xml.out:59 login.access.5.xml.out:27 login.defs.5.xml.out:95
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:26 newgrp.1.xml.out:27 newusers.8.xml.out:42
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:15 passwd.1.xml.out:33 passwd.5.xml.out:26
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:26 pwck.8.xml.out:33 pwconv.8.xml.out:32
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:26 shadow.5.xml.out:26 sg.1.xml.out:27 su.1.xml.out:43
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:26 useradd.8.xml.out:45 userdel.8.xml.out:32
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:33 vipw.8.xml.out:28
+msgid "Nicolas"
+msgstr "Nicolas"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:28 chfn.1.xml.out:30 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:27
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:31 chsh.1.xml.out:30 expiry.1.xml.out:31
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:27 faillog.8.xml.out:27 gpasswd.1.xml.out:32
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:30 groupdel.8.xml.out:28 groupmems.8.xml.out:31
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:28 groups.1.xml.out:27 grpck.8.xml.out:27
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:15 lastlog.8.xml.out:29 limits.5.xml.out:29
+#: login.1.xml.out:60 login.access.5.xml.out:28 login.defs.5.xml.out:96
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:27 newgrp.1.xml.out:28 newusers.8.xml.out:43
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:16 passwd.1.xml.out:34 passwd.5.xml.out:27
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:27 pwck.8.xml.out:34 pwconv.8.xml.out:33
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:27 shadow.5.xml.out:27 sg.1.xml.out:28 su.1.xml.out:44
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:27 useradd.8.xml.out:46 userdel.8.xml.out:33
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:34 vipw.8.xml.out:29
+msgid "François"
+msgstr "François"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/email
+#: chage.1.xml.out:29 chfn.1.xml.out:31 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:28
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:32 chsh.1.xml.out:31 expiry.1.xml.out:32
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:28 faillog.8.xml.out:28 gpasswd.1.xml.out:33
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:31 groupdel.8.xml.out:29 groupmems.8.xml.out:32
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:29 groups.1.xml.out:28 grpck.8.xml.out:28
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:16 lastlog.8.xml.out:30 limits.5.xml.out:30
+#: login.1.xml.out:61 login.access.5.xml.out:29 login.defs.5.xml.out:97
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:28 newgrp.1.xml.out:29 newusers.8.xml.out:44
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:17 passwd.1.xml.out:35 passwd.5.xml.out:28
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:28 pwck.8.xml.out:35 pwconv.8.xml.out:34
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:28 shadow.5.xml.out:28 sg.1.xml.out:29 su.1.xml.out:45
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:28 useradd.8.xml.out:47 userdel.8.xml.out:34
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:35 vipw.8.xml.out:30
+msgid "nicolas.francois@centraliens.net"
+msgstr "nicolas.francois@centraliens.net"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:30 chfn.1.xml.out:32 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:29
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:33 chsh.1.xml.out:32 expiry.1.xml.out:33
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:29 faillog.8.xml.out:29 gpasswd.1.xml.out:34
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:32 groupdel.8.xml.out:30 groupmems.8.xml.out:33
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:30 groups.1.xml.out:29 grpck.8.xml.out:29
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:18 lastlog.8.xml.out:31 limits.5.xml.out:31
+#: login.1.xml.out:62 login.access.5.xml.out:30 login.defs.5.xml.out:98
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:29 newgrp.1.xml.out:30 newusers.8.xml.out:45
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:18 passwd.1.xml.out:36 passwd.5.xml.out:29
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:29 pwck.8.xml.out:36 pwconv.8.xml.out:35
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:29 shadow.5.xml.out:29 sg.1.xml.out:30 su.1.xml.out:46
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:29 useradd.8.xml.out:48 userdel.8.xml.out:35
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:36 vipw.8.xml.out:31
+msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now"
+msgstr "Responsable de shadow-utils, 2007 - maintenant"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chage.1.xml.out:34 chage.1.xml.out:41 chage.1.xml.out:46 chage.1.xml.out:59
+#: chage.1.xml.out:69 chage.1.xml.out:216 chage.1.xml.out:226
+#: chage.1.xml.out:236 chage.1.xml.out:241 chage.1.xml.out:285
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:233 shadow.5.xml.out:262
+msgid "chage"
+msgstr "chage"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:35 chage.1.xml.out:294 chfn.1.xml.out:37 chfn.1.xml.out:65
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:205 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:217 chpasswd.8.xml.out:265
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:37 chsh.1.xml.out:171 expiry.1.xml.out:38
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:235 gpasswd.1.xml.out:39 gpasswd.1.xml.out:93
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:277 groupadd.8.xml.out:345 groupadd.8.xml.out:348
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:351 groupdel.8.xml.out:205 groupdel.8.xml.out:208
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:211 groupmems.8.xml.out:209 groupmems.8.xml.out:212
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:215 groupmod.8.xml.out:326 groupmod.8.xml.out:329
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:332 groups.1.xml.out:34 groups.1.xml.out:92
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:243 gshadow.5.xml.out:77 gshadow.5.xml.out:165
+#: limits.5.xml.out:185 login.1.xml.out:67 login.1.xml.out:128
+#: login.1.xml.out:377 login.1.xml.out:380 login.1.xml.out:383
+#: login.1.xml.out:386 login.access.5.xml.out:112 login.defs.5.xml.out:516
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:518 login.defs.5.xml.out:520 login.defs.5.xml.out:530
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:533 login.defs.5.xml.out:536 newgrp.1.xml.out:35
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:130 newgrp.1.xml.out:133 newgrp.1.xml.out:136
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:139 newgrp.1.xml.out:142 newusers.8.xml.out:456
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:60 passwd.1.xml.out:41 passwd.1.xml.out:431
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:118 passwd.5.xml.out:173 passwd.5.xml.out:179
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:182 passwd.5.xml.out:197 porttime.5.xml.out:121
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:293 shadow.5.xml.out:262 shadow.5.xml.out:265
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:268 shadow.5.xml.out:283 sg.1.xml.out:35 sg.1.xml.out:119
+#: sg.1.xml.out:122 sg.1.xml.out:125 sg.1.xml.out:128 sg.1.xml.out:131
+#: su.1.xml.out:51 su.1.xml.out:391 su.1.xml.out:415 su.1.xml.out:421
+#: su.1.xml.out:424 suauth.5.xml.out:201 useradd.8.xml.out:817
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:878 useradd.8.xml.out:881 useradd.8.xml.out:884
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:241 userdel.8.xml.out:310 userdel.8.xml.out:313
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:316 usermod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:244
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:605 usermod.8.xml.out:608 usermod.8.xml.out:611
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:78 vipw.8.xml.out:205
+msgid "1"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:36 chfn.1.xml.out:38 chsh.1.xml.out:38 expiry.1.xml.out:39
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:40 groups.1.xml.out:35 login.1.xml.out:68
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:36 passwd.1.xml.out:42 sg.1.xml.out:36 su.1.xml.out:52
+msgid "User Commands"
+msgstr "Commandes utilisateur"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:37 chfn.1.xml.out:39 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:36
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:40 chsh.1.xml.out:39 expiry.1.xml.out:40
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:36 faillog.8.xml.out:36 gpasswd.1.xml.out:41
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:39 groupdel.8.xml.out:37 groupmems.8.xml.out:40
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:37 groups.1.xml.out:36 grpck.8.xml.out:36
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:25 lastlog.8.xml.out:38 limits.5.xml.out:38
+#: login.1.xml.out:69 login.access.5.xml.out:37 login.defs.5.xml.out:105
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:36 newgrp.1.xml.out:37 newusers.8.xml.out:52
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:25 passwd.1.xml.out:43 passwd.5.xml.out:36
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:36 pwck.8.xml.out:43 pwconv.8.xml.out:42
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:36 shadow.5.xml.out:36 sg.1.xml.out:37 su.1.xml.out:53
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:36 useradd.8.xml.out:55 userdel.8.xml.out:42
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:43 vipw.8.xml.out:38
+msgid "shadow-utils"
+msgstr "shadow-utils"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:38 chfn.1.xml.out:40 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:37
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:41 chsh.1.xml.out:40 expiry.1.xml.out:41
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:37 faillog.8.xml.out:37 gpasswd.1.xml.out:42
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:40 groupdel.8.xml.out:38 groupmems.8.xml.out:41
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:38 groups.1.xml.out:37 grpck.8.xml.out:37
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:26 lastlog.8.xml.out:39 limits.5.xml.out:39
+#: login.1.xml.out:70 login.access.5.xml.out:38 login.defs.5.xml.out:106
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:37 newgrp.1.xml.out:38 newusers.8.xml.out:53
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:26 passwd.1.xml.out:44 passwd.5.xml.out:37
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:37 pwck.8.xml.out:44 pwconv.8.xml.out:43
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:37 shadow.5.xml.out:37 sg.1.xml.out:38 su.1.xml.out:54
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:37 useradd.8.xml.out:56 userdel.8.xml.out:43
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:44 vipw.8.xml.out:39
+msgid "4.13"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chage.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "change user password expiry information"
+msgstr "Modifier les informations de validité d'un mot de passe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: chage.1.xml.out:48 chfn.1.xml.out:51 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:48
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:52 chsh.1.xml.out:51 faillog.8.xml.out:48
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:49 groupmod.8.xml.out:49 grpck.8.xml.out:47
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:50 newusers.8.xml.out:64 passwd.1.xml.out:55
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:54 pwconv.8.xml.out:57 pwconv.8.xml.out:63
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:69 pwconv.8.xml.out:75 su.1.xml.out:64 useradd.8.xml.out:66
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:78 userdel.8.xml.out:52 usermod.8.xml.out:55
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:53 vipw.8.xml.out:59
+msgid "options"
+msgstr "options"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:51 chfn.1.xml.out:54 chsh.1.xml.out:54 faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 passwd.1.xml.out:58 useradd.8.xml.out:68
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:158 userdel.8.xml.out:54 userdel.8.xml.out:64
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:57 usermod.8.xml.out:222 usermod.8.xml.out:506
+msgid "LOGIN"
+msgstr "LOGIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:57 chfn.1.xml.out:60 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:54
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:58 chsh.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:58
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:45 faillog.8.xml.out:54 gpasswd.1.xml.out:70
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:60 groupdel.8.xml.out:56 groupmems.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:56 groups.1.xml.out:54 grpck.8.xml.out:58
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:34 lastlog.8.xml.out:56 limits.5.xml.out:48
+#: login.1.xml.out:101 login.access.5.xml.out:46 login.defs.5.xml.out:114
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:51 newgrp.1.xml.out:53 newusers.8.xml.out:73
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:40 passwd.1.xml.out:64 passwd.5.xml.out:45
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:45 pwck.8.xml.out:69 pwconv.8.xml.out:81
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:94 shadow.3.xml.out:150 shadow.5.xml.out:45 sg.1.xml.out:57
+#: su.1.xml.out:79 suauth.5.xml.out:51 useradd.8.xml.out:84
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:60 usermod.8.xml.out:62 vipw.8.xml.out:65
+msgid "DESCRIPTION"
+msgstr "DESCRIPTION"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:58
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chage</command> command changes the number of days between "
+#| "password changes and the date of the last password change. This "
+#| "information is used by the system to determine when a user must change "
+#| "their password."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes the number of days between password "
+"changes and the date of the last password change. This information is used "
+"by the system to determine when a user must change their password."
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>chage</command> modifie le nombre de jours entre les "
+"changements de mot de passe et la date du dernier changement. Ces "
+"informations sont utilisées par le système pour déterminer le moment où un "
+"utilisateur doit changer son mot de passe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:67 chfn.1.xml.out:87 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:81
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:106 chsh.1.xml.out:71 expiry.1.xml.out:67
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:65 gpasswd.1.xml.out:110 groupadd.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:80 groupdel.8.xml.out:64 groupmems.8.xml.out:76
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:65 grpck.8.xml.out:122 lastlog.8.xml.out:68
+#: login.1.xml.out:186 newusers.8.xml.out:250 passwd.1.xml.out:150
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:163 su.1.xml.out:120
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:102 userdel.8.xml.out:69 usermod.8.xml.out:70
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:83
+msgid "OPTIONS"
+msgstr "OPTIONS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:68 chfn.1.xml.out:88 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:82
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:107 chsh.1.xml.out:72 expiry.1.xml.out:68
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:66 gpasswd.1.xml.out:118 groupadd.8.xml.out:81
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:77 groupmod.8.xml.out:66
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:127 lastlog.8.xml.out:69 newusers.8.xml.out:251
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:151 pwck.8.xml.out:158 su.1.xml.out:121
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:103 userdel.8.xml.out:70 usermod.8.xml.out:71
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The options which apply to the <command>su</command> command are:"
+msgid "The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> command are:"
+msgstr "Les options applicables à la commande <command>su</command> sont :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74 gpasswd.1.xml.out:137 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:168 useradd.8.xml.out:123 useradd.8.xml.out:151
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:599 usermod.8.xml.out:112 usermod.8.xml.out:260
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-d"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "--lastday"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74 chage.1.xml.out:81 chage.1.xml.out:175
+msgid "LAST_DAY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chage.1.xml.out:73 chage.1.xml.out:88 chage.1.xml.out:127
+#: chage.1.xml.out:156 chage.1.xml.out:168 chage.1.xml.out:189
+#: chage.1.xml.out:202 chfn.1.xml.out:93 chfn.1.xml.out:101 chfn.1.xml.out:109
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:121 chfn.1.xml.out:129 chfn.1.xml.out:150
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:122 chpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chpasswd.8.xml.out:164
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:177 chsh.1.xml.out:83 chsh.1.xml.out:96
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:104 faillog.8.xml.out:119 faillog.8.xml.out:156
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 gpasswd.1.xml.out:123 gpasswd.1.xml.out:136
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:157 groupadd.8.xml.out:101 groupadd.8.xml.out:157
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:200 groupadd.8.xml.out:213 groupdel.8.xml.out:88
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:101 groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110 groupmems.8.xml.out:141 groupmod.8.xml.out:72
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:81 groupmod.8.xml.out:120 groupmod.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:163 groupmod.8.xml.out:176 grpck.8.xml.out:148
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:74 lastlog.8.xml.out:103 lastlog.8.xml.out:127
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:305 passwd.1.xml.out:196 passwd.1.xml.out:245
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:267 passwd.1.xml.out:277 passwd.1.xml.out:321
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:334 pwck.8.xml.out:196 pwconv.8.xml.out:177
+#: su.1.xml.out:125 su.1.xml.out:162 useradd.8.xml.out:117
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:150 useradd.8.xml.out:178
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:195 useradd.8.xml.out:229 useradd.8.xml.out:277
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:424 useradd.8.xml.out:488 useradd.8.xml.out:501
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:516 useradd.8.xml.out:530 useradd.8.xml.out:565
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:591 useradd.8.xml.out:609 useradd.8.xml.out:621
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:638 useradd.8.xml.out:654 userdel.8.xml.out:122
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:135 usermod.8.xml.out:98 usermod.8.xml.out:111
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:128 usermod.8.xml.out:151 usermod.8.xml.out:173
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:216 usermod.8.xml.out:289 usermod.8.xml.out:327
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:340 usermod.8.xml.out:356 usermod.8.xml.out:368
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:500 vipw.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:82 chage.1.xml.out:288 groupadd.8.xml.out:303
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:168 groupmod.8.xml.out:259 grpck.8.xml.out:237
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:138 passwd.1.xml.out:425 pwck.8.xml.out:287
+#: su.1.xml.out:385 useradd.8.xml.out:811 userdel.8.xml.out:235
+msgid "0"
+msgstr "0"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:77
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last "
+#| "changed. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the "
+#| "format more commonly used in your area)."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last "
+"changed. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the "
+"format more commonly used in your area). If the <_:replaceable-1/> is set to "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> the user is forced to change his password on the next log on."
+msgstr ""
+"Configurer le nombre du jour, à compter du 1er janvier 1970, où le mot de "
+"passe a été changé la dernière fois. La date peut aussi être exprimée dans "
+"le format AAAA-MM-JJ (ou le format utilisé plus communément dans votre "
+"région)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-E"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89 useradd.8.xml.out:179 useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "--expiredate"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89 chage.1.xml.out:109 useradd.8.xml.out:179
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:610 usermod.8.xml.out:129 usermod.8.xml.out:243
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:416
+msgid "EXPIRE_DATE"
+msgstr ""
+
+# NOTE: s/date//
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:92
+msgid ""
+"Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on which the user's "
+"account will no longer be accessible. The date may also be expressed in the "
+"format YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area). A user "
+"whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being "
+"able to use the system again."
+msgstr ""
+"Configurer la date, ou le nombre de jours à compter du 1er janvier 1970, à "
+"partir de laquelle le compte de l'utilisateur ne sera plus accessible. La "
+"date peut aussi être exprimée dans le format AAAA-MM-JJ (ou le format plus "
+"communément utilisé dans votre région). Un utilisateur dont le compte est "
+"bloqué doit contacter l'administrateur système pour pouvoir utiliser à "
+"nouveau le système."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 "
+"days:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting
+#: chage.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "chage -E $(date -d +180days +%Y-%m-%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:108 chage.1.xml.out:139 chage.1.xml.out:182
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:344 useradd.8.xml.out:315
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "1"
+msgid "-1"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:107
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as the "
+#| "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> will remove an account expiration "
+#| "date."
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an "
+"account expiration date."
+msgstr ""
+"Une valeur de <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> pour "
+"<replaceable>DATE_FIN_VALIDITÉ</replaceable> aura pour effet de supprimer la "
+"date de fin de validité."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chfn.1.xml.out:102 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:96 login.1.xml.out:204
+#: login.1.xml.out:229 newusers.8.xml.out:280 passwd.1.xml.out:190
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwconv.8.xml.out:171 useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:99 vipw.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "-h"
+msgstr "-h"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chfn.1.xml.out:143 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:96 newusers.8.xml.out:280
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:190 pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: su.1.xml.out:387 useradd.8.xml.out:271 userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "--help"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chage.1.xml.out:121 chage.1.xml.out:146
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:142 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:139 chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:73 expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:88 faillog.8.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:98
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 gpasswd.1.xml.out:172
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:188 groupadd.8.xml.out:87 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:144 groupadd.8.xml.out:184 groupadd.8.xml.out:228
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:71 groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:124 groupmems.8.xml.out:130 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:131 groupmod.8.xml.out:193 grpck.8.xml.out:132
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 grpck.8.xml.out:161 grpck.8.xml.out:172
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:84 lastlog.8.xml.out:95 lastlog.8.xml.out:116
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:268 newusers.8.xml.out:280 newusers.8.xml.out:286
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320 passwd.1.xml.out:156 passwd.1.xml.out:167
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:179 passwd.1.xml.out:190 passwd.1.xml.out:209
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:221 passwd.1.xml.out:257 passwd.1.xml.out:290
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:308 pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwck.8.xml.out:179
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188 pwck.8.xml.out:209 pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:168 useradd.8.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330 useradd.8.xml.out:349 useradd.8.xml.out:372
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:385 useradd.8.xml.out:404 useradd.8.xml.out:455
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:548 userdel.8.xml.out:75 userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:105 userdel.8.xml.out:152 usermod.8.xml.out:77
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:88 usermod.8.xml.out:230 usermod.8.xml.out:249
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:270 usermod.8.xml.out:316 usermod.8.xml.out:404
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:90 vipw.8.xml.out:96 vipw.8.xml.out:102 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127 vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>"
+msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:117 chfn.1.xml.out:146 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:109
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:149 chsh.1.xml.out:79 expiry.1.xml.out:90
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:100 gpasswd.1.xml.out:151 groupadd.8.xml.out:120
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:84 groupmems.8.xml.out:120 groupmod.8.xml.out:116
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:134 lastlog.8.xml.out:99 newusers.8.xml.out:282
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:192 pwck.8.xml.out:175 pwconv.8.xml.out:173
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:273 userdel.8.xml.out:101 vipw.8.xml.out:98
+msgid "Display help message and exit."
+msgstr "Afficher un message d'aide et quitter."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121 passwd.1.xml.out:197
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-i"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121
+msgid "--iso8601"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "When printing dates, use YYYY-MM-DD format."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-I"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128 passwd.1.xml.out:197 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622 usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "--inactive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128 chage.1.xml.out:134 chage.1.xml.out:140
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:197 passwd.1.xml.out:203 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:211 useradd.8.xml.out:622 useradd.8.xml.out:632
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "INACTIVE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:131
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before "
+#| "the account is locked. The <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> option is "
+#| "the number of days of inactivity. A user whose account is locked must "
+#| "contact the system administrator before being able to use the system "
+#| "again."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the "
+"account is locked. The <_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days of "
+"inactivity. A user whose account is locked must contact the system "
+"administrator before being able to use the system again."
+msgstr ""
+"Configurer le nombre de jours d'inactivité, après qu'un mot de passe ait "
+"dépassé la date de fin de validité, avant que le compte ne soit bloqué. La "
+"valeur <replaceable>DURÉE_INACTIVITÉ</replaceable> est le nombre de jours "
+"d'inactivité. Un utilisateur dont le compte est bloqué doit contacter "
+"l'administrateur système avant de pouvoir utiliser de nouveau le système."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:138
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as the "
+#| "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> will remove an account's inactivity."
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an "
+"account's inactivity."
+msgstr ""
+"Une valeur de <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> pour "
+"<replaceable>DURÉE_INACTIVITÉ</replaceable> supprime la durée d'inactivité "
+"pour un compte."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: chage.1.xml.out:147 chage.1.xml.out:242 faillog.8.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105 faillog.8.xml.out:185 faillog.8.xml.out:202
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:55 groupmems.8.xml.out:124 passwd.1.xml.out:222
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:316 su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:156 useradd.8.xml.out:330
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "-l"
+msgstr "-l"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:147 groupmems.8.xml.out:124
+msgid "--list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:150
+msgid "Show account aging information."
+msgstr "Afficher les informations sur l'âge des comptes."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:72 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:78 chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:130
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:155 faillog.8.xml.out:88 faillog.8.xml.out:120
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:185 faillog.8.xml.out:202 su.1.xml.out:207
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:287 useradd.8.xml.out:350 useradd.8.xml.out:476
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:119 usermod.8.xml.out:250
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-m"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+msgid "--mindays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 chage.1.xml.out:162 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:251
+msgid "MIN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:160 passwd.1.xml.out:249
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the minimum number of days between password changes to "
+#| "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>. A value of zero for this field "
+#| "indicates that the user may change their password at any time."
+msgid ""
+"Set the minimum number of days between password changes to <_:replaceable-1/"
+">. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their "
+"password at any time."
+msgstr ""
+"Définir le nombre minimum de jours entre chaque changement de mot de passe à "
+"<replaceable>MIN_JOURS</replaceable>. Une valeur de zéro pour ce champ "
+"indique que l'utilisateur peut changer son mot de passe quand il le souhaite."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 gpasswd.1.xml.out:81 gpasswd.1.xml.out:112
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:162 useradd.8.xml.out:373
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-M"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 passwd.1.xml.out:335
+msgid "--maxdays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 chage.1.xml.out:174 chage.1.xml.out:183
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335 passwd.1.xml.out:340 passwd.1.xml.out:345
+msgid "MAX_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:178 chage.1.xml.out:203 usermod.8.xml.out:481
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-W"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:172
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid. When "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable> plus <replaceable>LAST_DAY</"
+#| "replaceable> is less than the current day, the user will be required to "
+#| "change their password before being able to use their account. This "
+#| "occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the <option>-W</"
+#| "option> option, which provides the user with advance warning."
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid. When <_:"
+"replaceable-1/> plus <_:replaceable-2/> is less than the current day, the "
+"user will be required to change their password before being able to use "
+"their account. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the "
+"<_:option-3/> option, which provides the user with advance warning."
+msgstr ""
+"Configurer le nombre maximum de jours pendant lesquels un mot de passe est "
+"valable. Quand <replaceable>JOURS_MAX</replaceable> plus "
+"<replaceable>DERNIER_JOUR</replaceable> est inférieur à la date actuelle, "
+"l'utilisateur est obligé de changer son mot de passe avant de pouvoir "
+"utiliser son compte. Cet événement peut être déclenché plus tôt grâce à "
+"l'option <option>-W</option> qui prévient l'utilisateur à l'avance par un "
+"message d'alerte."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:181 passwd.1.xml.out:343
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable> will remove checking a password's "
+#| "validity."
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as <_:replaceable-2/> will remove "
+"checking a password's validity."
+msgstr ""
+"Une valeur de <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> pour "
+"<replaceable>JOURS_MAX</replaceable> supprime la vérification de validité."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chfn.1.xml.out:130 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chsh.1.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:189 groupadd.8.xml.out:201 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142 groupmod.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104 newusers.8.xml.out:306 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197 pwconv.8.xml.out:178 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123 usermod.8.xml.out:328 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-R"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chfn.1.xml.out:130 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chsh.1.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158 groupadd.8.xml.out:201 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142 groupmod.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104 newusers.8.xml.out:306 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197 pwconv.8.xml.out:178 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123 usermod.8.xml.out:328 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "--root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chage.1.xml.out:194 chage.1.xml.out:196
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:130 chfn.1.xml.out:134 chfn.1.xml.out:136
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:127 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:129
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chpasswd.8.xml.out:169 chpasswd.8.xml.out:171
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:84 chsh.1.xml.out:88 chsh.1.xml.out:90 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:161 faillog.8.xml.out:163 gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:162 gpasswd.1.xml.out:164 groupadd.8.xml.out:201
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:205 groupadd.8.xml.out:207 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:93 groupdel.8.xml.out:95 groupmems.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:146 groupmems.8.xml.out:148 groupmod.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:168 groupmod.8.xml.out:170 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:153 grpck.8.xml.out:155 lastlog.8.xml.out:104
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:108 lastlog.8.xml.out:110 newusers.8.xml.out:306
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:310 newusers.8.xml.out:312 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:282 passwd.1.xml.out:284 pwck.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:201 pwck.8.xml.out:203 pwconv.8.xml.out:178
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:182 pwconv.8.xml.out:184 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:493 useradd.8.xml.out:495 userdel.8.xml.out:123
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:127 userdel.8.xml.out:129 usermod.8.xml.out:328
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:332 usermod.8.xml.out:334 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:119 vipw.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "CHROOT_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:193 chfn.1.xml.out:133 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:126
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:168 chsh.1.xml.out:87 faillog.8.xml.out:160
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:161 groupadd.8.xml.out:204 groupdel.8.xml.out:92
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:145 groupmod.8.xml.out:167 grpck.8.xml.out:152
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:107 newusers.8.xml.out:309 passwd.1.xml.out:281
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:200 pwconv.8.xml.out:181 useradd.8.xml.out:492
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:126 usermod.8.xml.out:331 vipw.8.xml.out:118
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory and "
+#| "use the configuration files from the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</"
+#| "replaceable> directory."
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration "
+"files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. Only absolute paths are "
+"supported."
+msgstr ""
+"Appliquer les changements dans le répertoire <replaceable>RÉP_CHROOT</"
+"replaceable> et utiliser les fichiers de configuration du répertoire "
+"<replaceable>RÉP_CHROOT</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203 passwd.1.xml.out:322
+msgid "--warndays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203 chage.1.xml.out:208 passwd.1.xml.out:322
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:327
+msgid "WARN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:206
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. "
+#| "The <replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable> option is the number of days "
+#| "prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password "
+#| "is about to expire."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The "
+"<_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password "
+"expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"Configurer le nombre de jours d'avertissement avant que le changement de mot "
+"de passe ne soit obligatoire. La valeur <replaceable>JOUORS_AVERTISSEMENT</"
+"replaceable> est le nombre de jours précédant l'expiration et durant "
+"lesquels un utilisateur sera prévenu que son mot de passe est sur le point "
+"d'arriver en fin de validité."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:220 chfn.1.xml.out:163 chsh.1.xml.out:112
+msgid "[ ]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:215
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If none of the options are selected, <command>chage</command> operates in "
+#| "an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for "
+#| "all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the "
+#| "line blank to use the current value. The current value is displayed "
+#| "between a pair of <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> marks."
+msgid ""
+"If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of "
+"the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank "
+"to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> marks."
+msgstr ""
+"Si aucune de ces options n'est donnée, <command>chage</command> utilise un "
+"mode interactif, demandant confirmation à l'utilisateur pour les valeurs de "
+"tous les champs. Entrez la nouvelle valeur pour modifier la valeur du champ, "
+"ou laissez la ligne vide pour conserver la valeur actuelle. La valeur "
+"actuelle est affichée entre crochets."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:224 chsh.1.xml.out:117 groups.1.xml.out:65
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:170
+msgid "NOTE"
+msgstr "NOTE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:225
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chage</command> program requires a shadow password file to "
+#| "be available."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program requires a shadow password file to be available."
+msgstr ""
+"Le programme <command>chage</command> nécessite l'utilisation d'un fichier "
+"de mots de passe cachés (« shadow password file »)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:229
+msgid ""
+"The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password "
+"file. This implies that configuration from other sources (e.g. LDAP or empty "
+"password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user's login will "
+"not be shown in the chage output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: chage.1.xml.out:238 grpck.8.xml.out:294 login.defs.5.xml.out:410
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:185 pwck.8.xml.out:40 pwck.8.xml.out:47 pwck.8.xml.out:53
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:71 pwck.8.xml.out:147 pwck.8.xml.out:159 pwck.8.xml.out:191
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:223 pwck.8.xml.out:284 pwconv.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:248 shadow.5.xml.out:274
+msgid "pwck"
+msgstr "pwck"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:235
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program will also not report any inconsistency between "
+"the shadow and passwd files (e.g. missing x in the passwd file). The <_:"
+"command-2/> can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:241
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chage</command> command is restricted to the root user, "
+#| "except for the <option>-l</option> option, which may be used by an "
+#| "unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to "
+#| "expire."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is restricted to the root user, except for the <_:"
+"option-2/> option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine "
+"when their password or account is due to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>chage</command> est réservée à l'utilisateur root, sauf "
+"pour l'option <option>-l</option>, qui peut être utilisée par un utilisateur "
+"non privilégié pour lui permettre de savoir quand son mot de passe ou son "
+"compte arrivera en fin de validité."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:249 chfn.1.xml.out:170 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:175
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:216 chsh.1.xml.out:131 gpasswd.1.xml.out:241
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:247 groupdel.8.xml.out:133 groupmems.8.xml.out:176
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:212 grpck.8.xml.out:196 lastlog.8.xml.out:182
+#: login.1.xml.out:270 newgrp.1.xml.out:85 newusers.8.xml.out:360
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:372 pwck.8.xml.out:240 pwconv.8.xml.out:204 sg.1.xml.out:74
+#: su.1.xml.out:314 useradd.8.xml.out:710 userdel.8.xml.out:165
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:536 vipw.8.xml.out:142
+msgid "CONFIGURATION"
+msgstr "CONFIGURATION"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:252 chfn.1.xml.out:68 chfn.1.xml.out:173 chfn.1.xml.out:187
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:155 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:205 chpasswd.8.xml.out:77 chpasswd.8.xml.out:134
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:200 chpasswd.8.xml.out:219 chpasswd.8.xml.out:247
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:134 chsh.1.xml.out:159 gpasswd.1.xml.out:244
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:129 groupadd.8.xml.out:239 groupadd.8.xml.out:250
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:276 groupdel.8.xml.out:136 groupmems.8.xml.out:179
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:109 groupmod.8.xml.out:204 groupmod.8.xml.out:215
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:239 grpck.8.xml.out:199 lastlog.8.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:273 login.1.xml.out:365 login.access.5.xml.out:100
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:116 login.defs.5.xml.out:515 newgrp.1.xml.out:88
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:340 newusers.8.xml.out:363 newusers.8.xml.out:423
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:375 passwd.1.xml.out:405 pwck.8.xml.out:243
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:148 pwconv.8.xml.out:207 pwconv.8.xml.out:215
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:230 sg.1.xml.out:77 su.1.xml.out:109 su.1.xml.out:219
+#: su.1.xml.out:277 su.1.xml.out:317 su.1.xml.out:357 useradd.8.xml.out:241
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:307 useradd.8.xml.out:378 useradd.8.xml.out:399
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:467 useradd.8.xml.out:474 useradd.8.xml.out:560
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:713 useradd.8.xml.out:797 userdel.8.xml.out:87
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:168 userdel.8.xml.out:191 userdel.8.xml.out:297
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:399 usermod.8.xml.out:539 usermod.8.xml.out:569
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "/etc/login.defs"
+msgstr "/etc/login.defs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:250 chfn.1.xml.out:171 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:176
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:217 chsh.1.xml.out:132 gpasswd.1.xml.out:242
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:248 groupdel.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:213 grpck.8.xml.out:197 lastlog.8.xml.out:183
+#: login.1.xml.out:271 newgrp.1.xml.out:86 newusers.8.xml.out:361
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:373 pwck.8.xml.out:241 sg.1.xml.out:75 su.1.xml.out:315
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:711 userdel.8.xml.out:166 usermod.8.xml.out:537
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:143
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename> change the behavior of this tool:"
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior "
+"of this tool:"
+msgstr ""
+"Les variables de configuration suivantes dans <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename> modifient le comportement de cet outil :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:261 chfn.1.xml.out:184 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:190
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:232 chsh.1.xml.out:144 expiry.1.xml.out:97
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:220 gpasswd.1.xml.out:256
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:261 groupdel.8.xml.out:145 groupmems.8.xml.out:188
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:224 groups.1.xml.out:77 grpck.8.xml.out:208
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:194 limits.5.xml.out:172
+#: login.1.xml.out:314 login.access.5.xml.out:97 logoutd.8.xml.out:65
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:97 newusers.8.xml.out:396 passwd.1.xml.out:390
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:139 porttime.5.xml.out:106 pwck.8.xml.out:258
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:227 shadow.3.xml.out:202 shadow.5.xml.out:231
+#: sg.1.xml.out:86 su.1.xml.out:342 suauth.5.xml.out:169 useradd.8.xml.out:740
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:182 usermod.8.xml.out:554 vipw.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "FILES"
+msgstr "FICHIERS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:265 chfn.1.xml.out:193 chpasswd.8.xml.out:235
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:147 expiry.1.xml.out:100 groupmod.8.xml.out:245
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:223 lastlog.8.xml.out:63 login.1.xml.out:145
+#: login.1.xml.out:329 newgrp.1.xml.out:65 newgrp.1.xml.out:70
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:100 newusers.8.xml.out:399 passwd.1.xml.out:393
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:47 passwd.5.xml.out:89 passwd.5.xml.out:142
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:73 pwck.8.xml.out:145 pwck.8.xml.out:212 pwck.8.xml.out:224
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:267 pwconv.8.xml.out:127 shadow.5.xml.out:234 sg.1.xml.out:89
+#: su.1.xml.out:185 su.1.xml.out:197 su.1.xml.out:345 useradd.8.xml.out:524
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:743 userdel.8.xml.out:197 usermod.8.xml.out:103
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:305 usermod.8.xml.out:362 usermod.8.xml.out:575
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:68 vipw.8.xml.out:187
+msgid "/etc/passwd"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:268 chfn.1.xml.out:195 chpasswd.8.xml.out:237
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:149 expiry.1.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:247
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:225 login.1.xml.out:331 newgrp.1.xml.out:102
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:401 passwd.1.xml.out:395 passwd.5.xml.out:144
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:269 shadow.5.xml.out:236 sg.1.xml.out:91 su.1.xml.out:347
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:745 userdel.8.xml.out:199 vipw.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "User account information."
+msgstr "Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:273 chpasswd.8.xml.out:241 expiry.1.xml.out:106
+#: login.1.xml.out:335 newgrp.1.xml.out:68 newgrp.1.xml.out:106
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:295 newusers.8.xml.out:405 passwd.1.xml.out:399
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:82 passwd.5.xml.out:148 pwck.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:107 pwck.8.xml.out:213 pwck.8.xml.out:225 pwck.8.xml.out:273
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:128 pwconv.8.xml.out:149 shadow.3.xml.out:97
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:173 shadow.3.xml.out:205 shadow.5.xml.out:78
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:240 sg.1.xml.out:95 su.1.xml.out:351 useradd.8.xml.out:439
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:464 useradd.8.xml.out:749 userdel.8.xml.out:203
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:144 usermod.8.xml.out:145 usermod.8.xml.out:166
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:167 usermod.8.xml.out:306 usermod.8.xml.out:581
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:71 vipw.8.xml.out:193
+msgid "/etc/shadow"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:276 chpasswd.8.xml.out:243 expiry.1.xml.out:108
+#: login.1.xml.out:337 newgrp.1.xml.out:108 newusers.8.xml.out:407
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:401 pwck.8.xml.out:275 shadow.3.xml.out:207
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:242 sg.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:353 useradd.8.xml.out:751
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:205 vipw.8.xml.out:195
+msgid "Secure user account information."
+msgstr "Informations sécurisées sur les comptes utilisateurs."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:283 groupadd.8.xml.out:298 groupdel.8.xml.out:163
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:254 grpck.8.xml.out:232 passwd.1.xml.out:420
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:282 su.1.xml.out:366 useradd.8.xml.out:806
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:230
+msgid "EXIT VALUES"
+msgstr "VALEURS DE RETOUR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:290 groupadd.8.xml.out:305 groupdel.8.xml.out:170
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:239 passwd.1.xml.out:427 pwck.8.xml.out:289
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:813 userdel.8.xml.out:237
+msgid "success"
+msgstr "succès"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:296 passwd.1.xml.out:433
+msgid "permission denied"
+msgstr "permission refusée"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#: chage.1.xml.out:300 groupadd.8.xml.out:309 groupdel.8.xml.out:174
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:265 groups.1.xml.out:95 groups.1.xml.out:98
+#: groups.1.xml.out:101 grpck.8.xml.out:249 limits.5.xml.out:90
+#: limits.5.xml.out:101 limits.5.xml.out:188 limits.5.xml.out:191
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:437 pwck.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:823
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:247
+msgid "2"
+msgstr "2"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:302 groupadd.8.xml.out:311 groupdel.8.xml.out:176
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:245 pwck.8.xml.out:295 useradd.8.xml.out:825
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:249
+msgid "invalid command syntax"
+msgstr "erreur de syntaxe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:306
+msgid "15"
+msgstr "15"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:308
+msgid "can't find the shadow password file"
+msgstr "impossible de trouver le fichier des mots de passe cachés"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:284 groupadd.8.xml.out:299 groupdel.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:255 grpck.8.xml.out:233 passwd.1.xml.out:421
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:283 useradd.8.xml.out:807 userdel.8.xml.out:231
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>pwck</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#| "<placeholder-1/>"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command exits with the following values: <_:"
+"variablelist-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>pwck</command> retourne les valeurs suivantes en "
+"quittant : <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:316 chfn.1.xml.out:202 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:214
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:262 chsh.1.xml.out:168 expiry.1.xml.out:115
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:232 gpasswd.1.xml.out:274
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:343 groupdel.8.xml.out:202 groupmems.8.xml.out:206
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:323 groups.1.xml.out:89 grpck.8.xml.out:277
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:150 limits.5.xml.out:182 login.1.xml.out:374
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:109 login.defs.5.xml.out:527 newgrp.1.xml.out:127
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:450 nologin.8.xml.out:57 passwd.1.xml.out:471
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:167 porttime.5.xml.out:118 pwck.8.xml.out:333
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:239 shadow.3.xml.out:214 shadow.5.xml.out:259
+#: sg.1.xml.out:116 su.1.xml.out:413 suauth.5.xml.out:198 useradd.8.xml.out:875
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:308 usermod.8.xml.out:602 vipw.8.xml.out:202
+msgid "SEE ALSO"
+msgstr "VOIR AUSSI"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:319 chfn.1.xml.out:211 chpasswd.8.xml.out:265
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:177 expiry.1.xml.out:118 groupadd.8.xml.out:351
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:211 groupmems.8.xml.out:215 groupmod.8.xml.out:332
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:291 lastlog.8.xml.out:176 login.1.xml.out:128
+#: login.1.xml.out:380 login.1.xml.out:395 login.defs.5.xml.out:399
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:516 login.defs.5.xml.out:533 login.defs.5.xml.out:539
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:79 newusers.8.xml.out:456 passwd.1.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:47 passwd.1.xml.out:53 passwd.1.xml.out:66
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:69 passwd.1.xml.out:86 passwd.1.xml.out:116
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:152 passwd.1.xml.out:366 passwd.1.xml.out:413
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:422 passwd.1.xml.out:451 passwd.1.xml.out:457
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:477 passwd.5.xml.out:33 passwd.5.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:182 pwck.8.xml.out:228 pwck.8.xml.out:342
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:84 pwconv.8.xml.out:99 shadow.5.xml.out:268
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:271 useradd.8.xml.out:884 userdel.8.xml.out:316
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:611 vipw.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "passwd"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:319 chage.1.xml.out:322 chfn.1.xml.out:208
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:211 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:223 chpasswd.8.xml.out:272
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:174 chsh.1.xml.out:177 expiry.1.xml.out:118
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:121 faillog.5.xml.out:34 faillog.8.xml.out:238
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:292 gpasswd.1.xml.out:295 groupadd.8.xml.out:363
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:344 grpck.8.xml.out:267 grpck.8.xml.out:280
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:287 grpck.8.xml.out:291 grpck.8.xml.out:297
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:23 gshadow.5.xml.out:153 gshadow.5.xml.out:156
+#: limits.5.xml.out:36 login.1.xml.out:389 login.1.xml.out:392
+#: login.1.xml.out:395 login.1.xml.out:398 login.access.5.xml.out:35
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:103 login.defs.5.xml.out:539 login.defs.5.xml.out:542
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:145 newgrp.1.xml.out:148 newusers.8.xml.out:79
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:453 newusers.8.xml.out:460 newusers.8.xml.out:463
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:48 nologin.8.xml.out:63 passwd.1.xml.out:455
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:477 passwd.1.xml.out:480 passwd.1.xml.out:484
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:34 passwd.5.xml.out:80 passwd.5.xml.out:194
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:34 pwck.8.xml.out:317 pwck.8.xml.out:336
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:342 pwck.8.xml.out:345 pwconv.8.xml.out:245
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:220 shadow.5.xml.out:34 shadow.5.xml.out:271
+#: sg.1.xml.out:134 sg.1.xml.out:137 su.1.xml.out:418 suauth.5.xml.out:34
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:91 useradd.8.xml.out:205 useradd.8.xml.out:628
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:899 useradd.8.xml.out:906 useradd.8.xml.out:909
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:319 userdel.8.xml.out:335 userdel.8.xml.out:338
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:162 usermod.8.xml.out:629 usermod.8.xml.out:633
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:636 vipw.8.xml.out:208 vipw.8.xml.out:211
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:214 vipw.8.xml.out:217 vipw.8.xml.out:220 vipw.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "5"
+msgstr "5"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:322 expiry.1.xml.out:121 grpck.8.xml.out:51
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:190 grpck.8.xml.out:297 login.defs.5.xml.out:542
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:480 passwd.5.xml.out:79 passwd.5.xml.out:194
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:229 pwck.8.xml.out:233 pwck.8.xml.out:345 pwconv.8.xml.out:84
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:85 pwconv.8.xml.out:100 pwconv.8.xml.out:101
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:33 shadow.3.xml.out:40 shadow.3.xml.out:96
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:220 shadow.5.xml.out:33 shadow.5.xml.out:40
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:47 useradd.8.xml.out:205 useradd.8.xml.out:628
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:162 vipw.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "shadow"
+msgstr "shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:317 expiry.1.xml.out:116 faillog.8.xml.out:233
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:58 shadow.3.xml.out:215
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:36 chfn.1.xml.out:43 chfn.1.xml.out:49 chfn.1.xml.out:62
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:89 chfn.1.xml.out:159 chfn.1.xml.out:164 chsh.1.xml.out:171
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:345 groupdel.8.xml.out:205 groupmems.8.xml.out:209
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:326 login.defs.5.xml.out:239 useradd.8.xml.out:878
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:310 usermod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:605
+msgid "chfn"
+msgstr "chfn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:44
+msgid "change real user name and information"
+msgstr "Modifier le nom complet et les informations associées à un utilisateur"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:65 passwd.5.xml.out:117
+msgid "finger"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:71 chfn.1.xml.out:110 groupadd.8.xml.out:106
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:145 groupadd.8.xml.out:323 groupmod.8.xml.out:93
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:405 useradd.8.xml.out:536
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:837 usermod.8.xml.out:271 usermod.8.xml.out:377
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-o"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chfn</command> command changes user fullname, office room "
+#| "number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a "
+#| "user's account. This information is typically printed by "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> and similar programs. A normal user may only "
+#| "change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>. (The default configuration is to "
+#| "prevent users from changing their fullname.) The superuser may change any "
+#| "field for any account. Additionally, only the superuser may use the "
+#| "<option>-o</option> option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS "
+#| "field."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes user fullname, office room number, office "
+"phone number, and home phone number information for a user's account. This "
+"information is typically printed by <_:citerefentry-2/> and similar "
+"programs. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, "
+"subject to the restrictions in <_:filename-3/>. (The default configuration "
+"is to prevent users from changing their fullname.) The superuser may change "
+"any field for any account. Additionally, only the superuser may use the <_:"
+"option-4/> option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field."
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>chfn</command> modifie le nom complet d'un utilisateur, "
+"son numéro de bureau, son numéro de téléphone professionnel, son extension, "
+"et son numéro de téléphone personnel. Ces informations sont généralement "
+"affichées par <citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> ou d'autres programmes "
+"similaires. Un utilisateur normal ne peut modifier que les informations "
+"associées à son propre compte, avec les restrictions précisées dans "
+"<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>. (Par défaut, les utilisateurs ne "
+"peuvent pas modifier leur nom complet). Le superutilisateur peut modifier "
+"n'importe quel champ pour n'importe quel compte. De plus, seul le "
+"superutilisateur peut utiliser l'option <option>-o</option> pour modifier "
+"les parties non précisées du champ GECOS."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:77 chfn.1.xml.out:80
+msgid "other"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "These fields must not contain any colons. Except for the <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">other</emphasis> field, they should not contain any comma or "
+#| "equal sign. It is also recommended to avoid non-US-ASCII characters, but "
+#| "this is only enforced for the phone numbers. The <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">other</emphasis> field is used to store accounting "
+#| "information used by other applications."
+msgid ""
+"These fields must not contain any colons. Except for the <_:emphasis-1/> "
+"field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign. It is also "
+"recommended to avoid non-US-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for "
+"the phone numbers. The <_:emphasis-2/> field is used to store accounting "
+"information used by other applications."
+msgstr ""
+"Ces champs ne doivent contenir aucun « : ». À l'exception du champ <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">autre</emphasis>, ils ne doivent contenir aucune virgule ou "
+"signe égal. Il est également recommandé d'éviter les caractères non US-"
+"ASCII, mais cela n'est imposé que pour les numéros de téléphone. Le champ "
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">autre</emphasis> est utilisé pour garder des "
+"informations de compte utilisées par d'autres applications."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94 expiry.1.xml.out:61 expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:88 groupdel.8.xml.out:72 login.1.xml.out:90
+#: login.1.xml.out:190 login.1.xml.out:229 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622 userdel.8.xml.out:76 userdel.8.xml.out:287
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:302 usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "-f"
+msgstr "-f"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+msgid "--full-name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+msgid "FULL_NAME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:97
+msgid "Change the user's full name."
+msgstr "Modifier le nom complet de l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+msgid "--home-phone"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+msgid "HOME_PHONE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "Change the user's home phone number."
+msgstr "Modifier le numéro de téléphone personnel de l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "--other"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "OTHER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:113
+msgid ""
+"Change the user's other GECOS information. This field is used to store "
+"accounting information used by other applications, and can be changed only "
+"by a superuser."
+msgstr ""
+"Modifier les informations GECO de l'utilisateur. Ce champ est utilisé pour "
+"enregistrer les informations de l'utilisateur utilisées par d'autres "
+"applications et peut être changé seulement par un superutilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122 faillog.8.xml.out:89 faillog.8.xml.out:144
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:186 faillog.8.xml.out:203 gpasswd.1.xml.out:173
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:112 groupadd.8.xml.out:185 grpck.8.xml.out:124
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 login.1.xml.out:220 login.1.xml.out:229
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:287 passwd.1.xml.out:268 pwck.8.xml.out:155
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188 useradd.8.xml.out:224 useradd.8.xml.out:456
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:542 userdel.8.xml.out:106 usermod.8.xml.out:317
+msgid "-r"
+msgstr "-r"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+msgid "--room"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+msgid "ROOM_NUMBER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:125
+msgid "Change the user's room number."
+msgstr "Modifier le numéro de bureau de l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:143 faillog.8.xml.out:80 faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:214 lastlog.8.xml.out:90 lastlog.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 passwd.1.xml.out:309 useradd.8.xml.out:414
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:279 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-u"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151 passwd.1.xml.out:322 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-w"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+msgid "--work-phone"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+msgid "WORK_PHONE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:154
+msgid "Change the user's office phone number."
+msgstr "Modifier le numéro de téléphone professionnel de l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If none of the options are selected, <command>chfn</command> operates in "
+#| "an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for "
+#| "all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the "
+#| "line blank to use the current value. The current value is displayed "
+#| "between a pair of <emphasis remap=\"B\">[ ]</emphasis> marks. Without "
+#| "options, <command>chfn</command> prompts for the current user account."
+msgid ""
+"If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of "
+"the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank "
+"to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> marks. Without options, <_:command-3/> prompts for the "
+"current user account."
+msgstr ""
+"Si aucune option n'est sélectionnée, <command>chfn</command> opère de "
+"manière interactive, demandant à l'utilisateur d'entrer les valeurs "
+"actuelles de chacun des champs. Entrer une nouvelle valeur pour la modifier, "
+"ou de laisser une ligne blanche pour conserver la valeur actuelle. La valeur "
+"actuelle est indiquée entre crochets (<emphasis remap=\"B\">[ ]</emphasis>). "
+"En l'absence d'option, <command>chfn</command> opère sur l'utilisateur "
+"actuel."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:189 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:207 chpasswd.8.xml.out:249
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:161 groupadd.8.xml.out:278 groupmod.8.xml.out:241
+#: login.1.xml.out:367 login.access.5.xml.out:102 newusers.8.xml.out:425
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:407 pwconv.8.xml.out:232 su.1.xml.out:359
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:799 userdel.8.xml.out:193
+msgid "Shadow password suite configuration."
+msgstr ""
+"Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cachés « shadow password »."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:205 chsh.1.xml.out:36 chsh.1.xml.out:43 chsh.1.xml.out:49
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:62 chsh.1.xml.out:73 chsh.1.xml.out:109
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:348 groupdel.8.xml.out:208 groupmems.8.xml.out:212
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:329 login.defs.5.xml.out:270 useradd.8.xml.out:881
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:313 usermod.8.xml.out:608
+msgid "chsh"
+msgstr "chsh"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:208 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:223 chpasswd.8.xml.out:272
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:174 groupadd.8.xml.out:194 groupadd.8.xml.out:363
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:344 login.1.xml.out:389 login.defs.5.xml.out:102
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:109 newusers.8.xml.out:298 newusers.8.xml.out:453
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:484 pwconv.8.xml.out:92 pwconv.8.xml.out:94
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:108 pwconv.8.xml.out:245 su.1.xml.out:418
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:899 userdel.8.xml.out:117 userdel.8.xml.out:319
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:629 vipw.8.xml.out:214
+msgid "login.defs"
+msgstr "login.defs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:203 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:215 chsh.1.xml.out:169
+#: limits.5.xml.out:183
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Creation, 2006"
+msgstr "Création, 2006"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:33 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:40 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:46
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:56 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:66 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:83
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:249
+msgid "chgpasswd"
+msgstr "chgpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:34 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:220 chpasswd.8.xml.out:38
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:268 chpasswd.8.xml.out:276 faillog.5.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:34 gpasswd.1.xml.out:280 gpasswd.1.xml.out:283
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:286 gpasswd.1.xml.out:289 groupadd.8.xml.out:37
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:354 groupadd.8.xml.out:357 groupadd.8.xml.out:360
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:366 groupadd.8.xml.out:369 groupadd.8.xml.out:372
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:35 groupdel.8.xml.out:186 groupdel.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:217 groupdel.8.xml.out:220 groupdel.8.xml.out:223
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:226 groupdel.8.xml.out:229 groupmems.8.xml.out:38
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:218 groupmems.8.xml.out:221 groupmems.8.xml.out:224
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:227 groupmems.8.xml.out:230 groupmod.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:335 groupmod.8.xml.out:338 groupmod.8.xml.out:341
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:347 groupmod.8.xml.out:350 groupmod.8.xml.out:353
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:34 grpck.8.xml.out:283 grpck.8.xml.out:294
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:159 gshadow.5.xml.out:162 lastlog.8.xml.out:36
+#: login.1.xml.out:174 login.1.xml.out:176 login.1.xml.out:249
+#: login.1.xml.out:251 login.1.xml.out:401 login.defs.5.xml.out:545
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:34 newusers.8.xml.out:50 newusers.8.xml.out:467
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:23 passwd.1.xml.out:474 passwd.1.xml.out:488
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:185 passwd.5.xml.out:188 passwd.5.xml.out:191
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:200 pwck.8.xml.out:41 pwck.8.xml.out:339 pwck.8.xml.out:348
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:40 pwconv.8.xml.out:242 pwconv.8.xml.out:248
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:251 pwconv.8.xml.out:254 shadow.5.xml.out:274
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:277 shadow.5.xml.out:280 shadow.5.xml.out:286
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:192 useradd.8.xml.out:53 useradd.8.xml.out:574
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:890 useradd.8.xml.out:893 useradd.8.xml.out:896
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:902 useradd.8.xml.out:913 useradd.8.xml.out:916
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:40 userdel.8.xml.out:259 userdel.8.xml.out:322
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:325 userdel.8.xml.out:328 userdel.8.xml.out:331
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:342 userdel.8.xml.out:345 usermod.8.xml.out:41
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:617 usermod.8.xml.out:620 usermod.8.xml.out:623
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:626 usermod.8.xml.out:640 usermod.8.xml.out:643
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:36
+msgid "8"
+msgstr "8"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:35 chpasswd.8.xml.out:39 faillog.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:38 groupdel.8.xml.out:36 groupmems.8.xml.out:39
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:36 grpck.8.xml.out:35 lastlog.8.xml.out:37
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:35 newusers.8.xml.out:51 nologin.8.xml.out:24
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:42 pwconv.8.xml.out:41 useradd.8.xml.out:54
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:41 usermod.8.xml.out:42 vipw.8.xml.out:37
+msgid "System Management Commands"
+msgstr "Commandes de gestion du système"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "update group passwords in batch mode"
+msgstr "Mettre à jour par lot des mots de passe des groupes"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:55
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chgpasswd</command> command reads a list of group name and "
+#| "password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a "
+#| "set of existing groups. Each line is of the format:"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of group name and password pairs "
+"from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing "
+"groups. Each line is of the format:"
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>chgpasswd</command> lit une liste de paires de noms de "
+"groupes et de mots de passe depuis l'entrée standard et utilise ces "
+"informations pour mettre à jour un ensemble de groupes existants. Chaque "
+"ligne est au format suivant :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:61 groupmems.8.xml.out:54 groupmems.8.xml.out:110
+msgid "group_name"
+msgstr "nom_groupe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:62 chpasswd.8.xml.out:66 passwd.5.xml.out:77
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:86 passwd.5.xml.out:91 passwd.5.xml.out:95
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:98
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "password"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:60 chpasswd.8.xml.out:64
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:64
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted "
+#| "by <command>chgpasswd</command>."
+msgid ""
+"By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted by "
+"<_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Par défaut, le mot de passe doit être fourni en clair, et est chiffré par "
+"<command>chgpasswd</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chpasswd.8.xml.out:75 chpasswd.8.xml.out:132
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD"
+msgstr "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:71 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101 chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:130 chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:180 useradd.8.xml.out:179 useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-e"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: arg/arg
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:72 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:114 chpasswd.8.xml.out:129
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:73 newusers.8.xml.out:268
+#: sg.1.xml.out:50 su.1.xml.out:86 su.1.xml.out:126 su.1.xml.out:131
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "-c"
+msgstr "-c"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:68
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the "
+#| "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> variable of <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>, and can be overwritten with the <option>-e</option>, <option>-"
+#| "m</option>, or <option>-c</option> options."
+msgid ""
+"The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:"
+"option-1/> variable of <_:filename-2/>, and can be overwritten with the <_:"
+"option-3/>, <_:option-4/>, or <_:option-5/> options."
+msgstr ""
+"L'algorithme de chiffrement peut être défini pour le système avec la "
+"variable <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> de <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename> et peut être surchargé avec les options <option>-e</option>, "
+"<option>-m</option> ou <option>-c</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:74 chpasswd.8.xml.out:99
+msgid ""
+"This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many "
+"accounts are created at a single time."
+msgstr ""
+"Cette commande est destinée aux gros systèmes pour lesquels un nombre "
+"importants de comptes sont créés en une seule fois."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chpasswd.8.xml.out:114 newusers.8.xml.out:268
+msgid "--crypt-method"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:90 chpasswd.8.xml.out:117 newusers.8.xml.out:270
+msgid "Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr "Utiliser la méthode précisée pour chiffrer les mots de passe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:91 chpasswd.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "The available methods are DES, MD5, and NONE."
+msgstr "Les méthodes disponibles sont DES, MD5 et NONE."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:94 chpasswd.8.xml.out:121 newusers.8.xml.out:271
+msgid ""
+"The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc "
+"support these methods."
+msgstr ""
+"Les méthodes disponibles sont DES, MD5, NONE et SHA256 ou SHA512 si votre "
+"libc prend en charge ces méthodes."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101 chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "encrypted password"
+msgid "--encrypted"
+msgstr "mot de passe chiffré"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:103 chpasswd.8.xml.out:141
+msgid "Supplied passwords are in encrypted form."
+msgstr "Indiquer que les mots de passe fournis sont chiffrés."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+msgid "--md5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:115 chpasswd.8.xml.out:157
+msgid ""
+"Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are not "
+"encrypted."
+msgstr ""
+"Permettre d'utiliser le chiffrement MD5, plutôt que DES, lorsque les mots de "
+"passe fournis ne sont pas chiffrés."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135 chpasswd.8.xml.out:178 chsh.1.xml.out:97
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:108 grpck.8.xml.out:124 grpck.8.xml.out:161
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320 pwck.8.xml.out:155 pwck.8.xml.out:209
+#: su.1.xml.out:163 useradd.8.xml.out:517 useradd.8.xml.out:655
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357 vipw.8.xml.out:70 vipw.8.xml.out:127
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-s"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135 chpasswd.8.xml.out:178 newusers.8.xml.out:320
+msgid "--sha-rounds"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:137 chpasswd.8.xml.out:181 newusers.8.xml.out:322
+msgid "Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr "Utiliser le nombre de rounds précisé pour chiffrer les mots de passe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:140 chpasswd.8.xml.out:184 newusers.8.xml.out:325
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number of rounds "
+"for the crypt method (5000)."
+msgstr ""
+"La valeur 0 signifie que le système choisira la valeur par défaut du nombre "
+"de rounds pour la méthode de chiffrement (5 000)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:144 chpasswd.8.xml.out:188 newusers.8.xml.out:329
+msgid ""
+"A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced."
+msgstr ""
+"Une valeur minimale de 1 000 et une valeur maximale de 999 999 999 seront "
+"imposées."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:148 chpasswd.8.xml.out:192 newusers.8.xml.out:333
+msgid "You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt method."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous ne pouvez utiliser cette méthode qu'avec les méthodes de chiffrement "
+"SHA256 ou SHA512."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:152 newusers.8.xml.out:337
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS "
+#| "and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and "
+"SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Par défaut, le nombre de rounds est défini par les variables "
+"SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS et SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS dans <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:163 chpasswd.8.xml.out:208 faillog.8.xml.out:209
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:229 groupadd.8.xml.out:285 groupdel.8.xml.out:121
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:206 login.1.xml.out:236 newusers.8.xml.out:348
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:354 shadow.3.xml.out:194 su.1.xml.out:306
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:682 userdel.8.xml.out:281 usermod.8.xml.out:517
+msgid "CAVEATS"
+msgstr "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:164 chpasswd.8.xml.out:209
+msgid ""
+"Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of unencrypted "
+"files by other users."
+msgstr ""
+"Pensez à configurer les permissions ou umask afin d'empêcher la lecture des "
+"fichiers non chiffrés par les d'autres utilisateurs."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:168 newusers.8.xml.out:353
+msgid ""
+"You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect the "
+"system's password policy."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous devez vous assurer que les mots de passe et la méthode de chiffrement "
+"respectent la politique de mot de passe du système."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:193 gpasswd.1.xml.out:48 gpasswd.1.xml.out:51
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:73 gpasswd.1.xml.out:231 gpasswd.1.xml.out:259
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:170 groupadd.8.xml.out:264 groupdel.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:191 groupmod.8.xml.out:227 groups.1.xml.out:58
+#: groups.1.xml.out:70 groups.1.xml.out:80 grpck.8.xml.out:62
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:81 grpck.8.xml.out:94 grpck.8.xml.out:112
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:177 grpck.8.xml.out:185
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:211 gshadow.5.xml.out:91 gshadow.5.xml.out:124
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:135 newgrp.1.xml.out:80 newgrp.1.xml.out:112
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:411 pwck.8.xml.out:261 pwconv.8.xml.out:128
+#: sg.1.xml.out:101 suauth.5.xml.out:90 useradd.8.xml.out:755
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:185 usermod.8.xml.out:557 vipw.8.xml.out:69
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:175
+msgid "/etc/group"
+msgstr "/etc/group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:195 gpasswd.1.xml.out:261 groupadd.8.xml.out:266
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:150 groupmems.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:229
+#: groups.1.xml.out:82 grpck.8.xml.out:213 gshadow.5.xml.out:137
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:114 newusers.8.xml.out:413 pwck.8.xml.out:263
+#: sg.1.xml.out:103 useradd.8.xml.out:757 userdel.8.xml.out:187
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "Group account information."
+msgstr "Informations sur les groupes."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:199 gpasswd.1.xml.out:52 gpasswd.1.xml.out:74
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:232 gpasswd.1.xml.out:265 groupadd.8.xml.out:170
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:270 groupdel.8.xml.out:154 groupmems.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:88 groupmems.8.xml.out:98 groupmems.8.xml.out:103
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:104 groupmems.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:135
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:197 groupmod.8.xml.out:233 grpck.8.xml.out:63
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:93 grpck.8.xml.out:114 grpck.8.xml.out:166
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:186 grpck.8.xml.out:217 gshadow.5.xml.out:36
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:141 newgrp.1.xml.out:78 newgrp.1.xml.out:118
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:417 pwconv.8.xml.out:129 sg.1.xml.out:107
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:761 usermod.8.xml.out:563 vipw.8.xml.out:72
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:181
+msgid "/etc/gshadow"
+msgstr "/etc/gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:201 gpasswd.1.xml.out:267 groupadd.8.xml.out:272
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:156 groupmod.8.xml.out:235 grpck.8.xml.out:219
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:143 newgrp.1.xml.out:120 newusers.8.xml.out:419
+#: sg.1.xml.out:109 useradd.8.xml.out:763 vipw.8.xml.out:183
+msgid "Secure group account information."
+msgstr "Informations sécurisées sur les groupes."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:217 gpasswd.1.xml.out:38 gpasswd.1.xml.out:45
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:59 gpasswd.1.xml.out:72 gpasswd.1.xml.out:85
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:119 groupadd.8.xml.out:354 groupdel.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:335 gshadow.5.xml.out:153 login.defs.5.xml.out:280
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:142 sg.1.xml.out:131 userdel.8.xml.out:322
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:617
+msgid "gpasswd"
+msgstr "gpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:220 gpasswd.1.xml.out:280 groupadd.8.xml.out:36
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:43 groupadd.8.xml.out:49 groupadd.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:82 groupadd.8.xml.out:292 groupadd.8.xml.out:300
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:217 groupmems.8.xml.out:218 groupmod.8.xml.out:338
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:290 useradd.8.xml.out:890 userdel.8.xml.out:325
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:620
+msgid "groupadd"
+msgstr "groupadd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:21 groupadd.8.xml.out:20 groupdel.8.xml.out:18
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:18 groups.1.xml.out:17 login.defs.5.xml.out:86
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:17 newgrp.1.xml.out:18 newusers.8.xml.out:33
+#: sg.1.xml.out:18 useradd.8.xml.out:36 userdel.8.xml.out:23
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "Creation, 1991"
+msgstr "Création, 1991"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:37 chpasswd.8.xml.out:44 chpasswd.8.xml.out:50
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:60 chpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chpasswd.8.xml.out:89
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:96 chpasswd.8.xml.out:108 chpasswd.8.xml.out:255
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:259 passwd.1.xml.out:474
+msgid "chpasswd"
+msgstr "chpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:45
+msgid "update passwords in batch mode"
+msgstr "Mettre à jour des mots de passe par lot"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chpasswd</command> command reads a list of user name and "
+#| "password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a "
+#| "group of existing users. Each line is of the format:"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of user name and password pairs from "
+"standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing "
+"users. Each line is of the format:"
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>chpasswd</command> lit une liste de paires de noms "
+"d'utilisateurs et de mots de passe depuis l'entrée standard et utilise ces "
+"informations pour mettre à jour un groupe d'utilisateurs existants. Chaque "
+"ligne est au format suivant :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:52 groupmems.8.xml.out:53
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "user_name"
+msgstr "nom_utilisateur"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:68
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are "
+#| "encrypted by <command>chpasswd</command>. Also the password age will be "
+#| "updated, if present."
+msgid ""
+"By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are encrypted "
+"by <_:command-1/>. Also the password age will be updated, if present."
+msgstr ""
+"Par défaut, les mots de passe doivent être fournis en clair, et sont "
+"chiffrés par <command>chpasswd</command>. L'âge du mot de passe sera "
+"également mis à jour, s'il est présent."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:76 chpasswd.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgid "MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgstr "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:73
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the "
+#| "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> variable of <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>, and can be overwritten with the <option>-e</option>, <option>-"
+#| "m</option>, or <option>-c</option> options."
+msgid ""
+"The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:"
+"option-1/> or <_:option-2/> variables of <_:filename-3/>, and can be "
+"overwritten with the <_:option-4/>, <_:option-5/>, or <_:option-6/> options."
+msgstr ""
+"L'algorithme de chiffrement peut être défini pour le système avec la "
+"variable <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> de <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename> et peut être surchargé avec les options <option>-e</option>, "
+"<option>-m</option> ou <option>-c</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:81
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not recommended) "
+#| "you can select a different encryption method with the <option>-e</"
+#| "option>, <option>-m</option>, or <option>-c</option> options."
+msgid ""
+"By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not recommended) "
+"you can select a different encryption method with the <_:option-1/>, <_:"
+"option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options."
+msgstr ""
+"Par défaut les mots de passe sont chiffrés par PAM, mais (même si cela est "
+"déconseillé) vous pouvez sélectionner une méthode de chiffrement différente "
+"avec les options <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</option> ou <option>-c</"
+"option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:88
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords."
+msgid "Except when PAM is used to encrypt the passwords,"
+msgstr "Par défaut, PAM est utilisé pour chiffrer les mots de passe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<phrase condition=\"pam\">Except when PAM is used to encrypt the "
+#| "passwords,</phrase><command>chpasswd</command> first updates all the "
+#| "passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no "
+#| "errors occurred for any user."
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> <_:command-2/> first updates all the passwords in memory, and "
+"then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user."
+msgstr ""
+"<phrase condition=\"pam\">Sauf quand PAM est utilisé pour chiffrer les mots "
+"de passe, </phrase><command>chpasswd</command> modifie d'abord tous les mots "
+"de passe en mémoire, puis propage toutes les modifications sur le disque si "
+"aucune erreur n'a eu lieu pour aucun utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:93
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in "
+#| "the system database) then if a password cannot be updated "
+#| "<command>chpasswd</command> continues updating the passwords of the next "
+#| "users, and will return an error code on exit."
+msgid ""
+"When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in the "
+"system database) then if a password cannot be updated <_:command-1/> "
+"continues updating the passwords of the next users, and will return an error "
+"code on exit."
+msgstr ""
+"Quand PAM est utilisé pour chiffrer les mots de passe (et pour mettre à jour "
+"les mots de passe dans la base de données du système), si aucun mot de passe "
+"ne peut être mis à jour, <command>chpasswd</command> continuera la mise à "
+"jour des mots de passe pour les utilisateurs suivants, et renverra un code "
+"d'erreur en sortie."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "METHOD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr "Par défaut, PAM est utilisé pour chiffrer les mots de passe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default (if none of the <option>-c</option>, <option>-m</option>, or "
+#| "<option>-e</option> options are specified), the encryption method is "
+#| "defined by the <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> or <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</"
+#| "option> variables of <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"By default (if none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> "
+"options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the <_:option-4/"
+"> or <_:option-5/> variables of <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Par défaut (si aucune des options <option>-c</option>, <option>-m</option> "
+"ou <option>-e</option> n'est précisée), la méthode de chiffrement est "
+"définie par les variables <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> ou "
+"<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> de <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+msgid "ROUNDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:198
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgstr "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS"
+msgstr "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:196
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, the number of rounds is defined by the "
+#| "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> and <option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</"
+#| "option> variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"By default, the number of rounds is defined by the <_:option-1/> and <_:"
+"option-2/> variables in <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Par défaut, le nombre de rounds est défini par les variables "
+"<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> et <option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</"
+"option> dans <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:253
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/chpasswd"
+msgstr "/etc/pam.d/chpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:255 newusers.8.xml.out:431 passwd.1.xml.out:413
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "PAM configuration for <command>passwd</command>."
+msgid "PAM configuration for <_:command-1/>."
+msgstr "Configuration de PAM pour <command>passwd</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:268 login.defs.5.xml.out:380 newusers.8.xml.out:49
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:56 newusers.8.xml.out:62 newusers.8.xml.out:75
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:96 newusers.8.xml.out:123 newusers.8.xml.out:132
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:151 newusers.8.xml.out:164 newusers.8.xml.out:170
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:172 newusers.8.xml.out:210 newusers.8.xml.out:230
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:252 newusers.8.xml.out:431 useradd.8.xml.out:902
+msgid "newusers"
+msgstr "newusers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:270 grpck.8.xml.out:285 passwd.1.xml.out:482
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:276 groupadd.8.xml.out:366 groupdel.8.xml.out:223
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:224 groupmod.8.xml.out:347 login.defs.5.xml.out:462
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:467 useradd.8.xml.out:52 useradd.8.xml.out:59
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:64 useradd.8.xml.out:71 useradd.8.xml.out:75
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:87 useradd.8.xml.out:90 useradd.8.xml.out:103
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:129 useradd.8.xml.out:187 useradd.8.xml.out:209
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:239 useradd.8.xml.out:284 useradd.8.xml.out:341
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:472 useradd.8.xml.out:584 useradd.8.xml.out:586
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:690 useradd.8.xml.out:808 userdel.8.xml.out:342
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:640
+msgid "useradd"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:263 newusers.8.xml.out:451
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:44
+msgid "change login shell"
+msgstr "Changer l'interpréteur de commandes initial"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chsh</command> command changes the user login shell. This "
+#| "determines the name of the user's initial login command. A normal user "
+#| "may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may "
+#| "change the login shell for any account."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes the user login shell. This determines the "
+"name of the user's initial login command. A normal user may only change the "
+"login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell "
+"for any account."
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>chsh</command> modifie l'interpréteur de commandes "
+"initial (« login shell ») de l'utilisateur qui sera invoqué lors des "
+"connexions de l'utilisateur. Un utilisateur normal ne peut changer que "
+"l'interpréteur associé à son propre compte. Le superutilisateur peut changer "
+"l'interpréteur de commandes initial de n'importe quel compte."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:163 su.1.xml.out:199 useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:655 usermod.8.xml.out:357
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "pw_shell"
+msgid "--shell"
+msgstr "pw_shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:163 useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:522 useradd.8.xml.out:655 useradd.8.xml.out:662
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357
+msgid "SHELL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank causes "
+"the system to select the default login shell."
+msgstr ""
+"Nom du nouvel interpréteur de commandes initial (« login shell ») de "
+"l'utilisateur. Si ce champ est vide, le système sélectionnera l'interpréteur "
+"de commandes initial par défaut."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:107
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <option>-s</option> option is not selected, <command>chsh</"
+#| "command> operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the "
+#| "current login shell. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave "
+#| "the line blank to use the current one. The current shell is displayed "
+#| "between a pair of <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> marks."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:option-1/> option is not selected, <_:command-2/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell. Enter "
+"the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the "
+"current one. The current shell is displayed between a pair of <_:emphasis-3/"
+"> marks."
+msgstr ""
+"Quand l'option <option>-s</option> n'est pas sélectionnée, <command>chsh</"
+"command> opère de façon interactive, demandant à l'utilisateur quel doit "
+"être le nouvel interpréteur de commandes initial (« login shell »). "
+"L'utilisateur pourra entrer une nouvelle valeur pour modifier "
+"l'interpréteur, ou laisser la ligne blanche pour conserver l'interpréteur "
+"actuel. L'interpréteur actuel est indiqué entre crochets (<emphasis>[ ]</"
+"emphasis>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:120 chsh.1.xml.out:124 chsh.1.xml.out:153 su.1.xml.out:198
+msgid "/etc/shells"
+msgstr "/etc/shells"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "/bin/rsh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:118
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name "
+#| "must be listed in <filename>/etc/shells</filename>, unless the invoker is "
+#| "the superuser, and then any value may be added. An account with a "
+#| "restricted login shell may not change her login shell. For this reason, "
+#| "placing <filename>/bin/rsh</filename> in <filename>/etc/shells</filename> "
+#| "is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would "
+#| "prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original "
+#| "value."
+msgid ""
+"The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must "
+"be listed in <_:filename-1/>, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then "
+"any value may be added. An account with a restricted login shell may not "
+"change her login shell. For this reason, placing <_:filename-2/> in <_:"
+"filename-3/> is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted "
+"shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its "
+"original value."
+msgstr ""
+"La seule restriction placée sur l'interpréteur de commandes initial (« login "
+"shell ») est que cette commande doit faire partie de <filename>/etc/shells</"
+"filename>, à moins qu'elle ne soit invoquée par le superutilisateur, qui "
+"peut ajouter n'importe quelle valeur. Un compte avec un interpréteur de "
+"commandes initial restreint ne peut pas changer son interpréteur. Pour cette "
+"raison, il est déconseillé de placer <filename>/bin/rsh</filename> dans "
+"<filename>/etc/shells</filename>, puisqu'une modification accidentelle vers "
+"un interpréteur restreint empêchera alors l'utilisateur de revenir ensuite à "
+"l'interpréteur précédent."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:155
+msgid "List of valid login shells."
+msgstr "Liste des interpréteurs de commandes initiaux valables."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:37 expiry.1.xml.out:44 expiry.1.xml.out:50
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:69
+msgid "expiry"
+msgstr "expiry"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:45
+msgid "check and enforce password expiration policy"
+msgstr "Vérifier et sécuriser la durée de validité des mots de passe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:52 gpasswd.1.xml.out:61
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "option"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>expiry</command> command checks (<option>-c</option>) the "
+#| "current password expiration and forces (<option>-f</option>) changes when "
+#| "required. It is callable as a normal user command."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command checks (<_:option-2/>) the current password "
+"expiration and forces (<_:option-3/>) changes when required. It is callable "
+"as a normal user command."
+msgstr ""
+"Avec l'option <option>-c</option>, <command>expiry</command> vérifie la "
+"validité du mot de passe de l'utilisateur actuel, et force (avec l'option "
+"<option>-f</option>) des modifications si nécessaire. Il peut être appelé "
+"par un utilisateur normal."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:73
+msgid "--check"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:75
+msgid "Check the password expiration of the current user."
+msgstr ""
+"Vérifier la durée de validité du mot de passe de l'utilisateur courant."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:79 groupadd.8.xml.out:88 groupdel.8.xml.out:72
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "--force"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:81
+msgid "Force a password change if the current user has an expired password."
+msgstr ""
+"Forcer le changement du mot de passe si l'utilisateur courant possède un mot "
+"de passe qui a expiré."
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:17 faillog.8.xml.out:17 login.1.xml.out:50
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:24 passwd.5.xml.out:17 porttime.5.xml.out:17
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:17 shadow.5.xml.out:17 su.1.xml.out:34
+msgid "Creation, 1989"
+msgstr "Création, 1989"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:33 faillog.5.xml.out:40 faillog.5.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:33 faillog.8.xml.out:40 faillog.8.xml.out:46
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:56 faillog.8.xml.out:59 faillog.8.xml.out:67
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:76 faillog.8.xml.out:203 faillog.8.xml.out:211
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:238
+msgid "faillog"
+msgstr "faillog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:35 gshadow.5.xml.out:24 limits.5.xml.out:37
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:36 login.defs.5.xml.out:104 passwd.5.xml.out:35
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:35 shadow.5.xml.out:35 suauth.5.xml.out:35
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "File Formats and Conversions"
+msgid "File Formats and Configuration Files"
+msgstr "Formats et conversions de fichiers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "login failure logging file"
+msgstr "journal des échecs de connexion"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:47 faillog.5.xml.out:75 faillog.8.xml.out:57
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:113 faillog.8.xml.out:138 faillog.8.xml.out:150
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "/var/log/faillog"
+msgstr "/var/log/faillog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> maintains a count of login failures "
+#| "and the limits for each account."
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"<filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> maintient un compte des échecs de "
+"connexion et les limites pour chaque compte."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:50
+msgid ""
+"The file contains fixed length records, indexed by numerical UID. Each "
+"record contains the count of login failures since the last successful login; "
+"the maximum number of failures before the account is disabled; the line on "
+"which the last login failure occurred; the date of the last login failure; "
+"and the duration (in seconds) during which the account will be locked after "
+"a failure."
+msgstr ""
+"Le fichier contient un nombre constant d'enregistrements, triés par "
+"identifiant d'utilisateur numérique. Chaque enregistrement contient le "
+"nombre d'échecs de connexion depuis la dernière connexion réussie, le nombre "
+"maximum d'échecs de connexion avant désactivation du compte, la ligne sur "
+"laquelle a eu lieu le dernier échec de connexion, la date du dernier échec "
+"de connexion et la durée (en seconde) pendant laquelle le compte sera "
+"verrouillé après un échec."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "The structure of the file is:"
+msgstr "La structure du fichier est la suivante :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "struct\tfaillog {\n"
+#| "\tshort   fail_cnt;\n"
+#| "\tshort   fail_max;\n"
+#| "\tchar    fail_line[12];\n"
+#| "\ttime_t  fail_time;\n"
+#| "\tlong    fail_locktime;\n"
+#| "};"
+msgid ""
+"struct faillog { short fail_cnt; short fail_max; char fail_line[12]; time_t "
+"fail_time; long fail_locktime; };"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"struct\tfaillog {\n"
+"\tshort   fail_cnt;      /* compteur des échecs */\n"
+"\tshort   fail_max;      /* nb max avant désactivation */\n"
+"\tchar    fail_line[12]; /* ligne du dernier échec */\n"
+"\ttime_t  fail_time;     /* date du dernier échec */\n"
+"\tlong    fail_locktime;};"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:77 faillog.8.xml.out:225
+msgid "Failure logging file."
+msgstr "Journal des échecs de connexion."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "display faillog records or set login failure limits"
+msgstr ""
+"Examiner le fichier faillog, et configurer les limites d'échecs de connexion"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:55
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>faillog</command> displays the contents of the failure log "
+#| "database (<filename>/var/log/faillog</filename>). It can also set the "
+#| "failure counters and limits. When <command>faillog</command> is run "
+#| "without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who "
+#| "had a login failure."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> displays the contents of the failure log database (<_:"
+"filename-2/>). It can also set the failure counters and limits. When <_:"
+"command-3/> is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records "
+"of the users who had a login failure."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>faillog</command> affiche le contenu du journal des échecs de "
+"connexion (<filename>/var/log/faillog</filename>). Il peut aussi configurer "
+"le décompte et les limitations de ces échecs. Exécuter <command>faillog</"
+"command> sans argument n'affiche que la liste des échecs des utilisateurs "
+"qui ont déjà eu un échec de connexion."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:215 gpasswd.1.xml.out:124
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmod.8.xml.out:73 passwd.1.xml.out:157
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:78 usermod.8.xml.out:210
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-a"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72 passwd.1.xml.out:157
+msgid "--all"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the "
+#| "<filename>faillog</filename> database."
+msgid ""
+"Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the <_:"
+"filename-1/> database."
+msgstr ""
+"Afficher (ou agir sur) les enregistrements d'erreurs de connexion pour tous "
+"les utilisateurs ayant une entrée dans la base de données <filename>faillog</"
+"filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:78
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The range of users can be restricted with the <option>-u</option> option."
+msgid "The range of users can be restricted with the <_:option-1/> option."
+msgstr ""
+"La liste des utilisateurs peut être limitée avec l'option <option>-u</"
+"option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:82
+msgid ""
+"In display mode, this is still restricted to existing users but forces the "
+"display of the faillog entries even if they are empty."
+msgstr ""
+"En mode affichage, toujours limitée aux utilisateurs existants, mais "
+"l'affichage des entrées d'erreur de connexion est imposé même si elles sont "
+"vides."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:89 faillog.8.xml.out:169 lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-t"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "With the <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option>, <option>-r</option>, "
+#| "<option>-t</option> options, the users' records are changed, even if the "
+#| "user does not exist on the system. This is useful to reset records of "
+#| "users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of "
+#| "users."
+msgid ""
+"With the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:option-4/> options, "
+"the users' records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the "
+"system. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or "
+"to set a policy in advance for a range of users."
+msgstr ""
+"Avec les options <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option>, <option>-r</"
+"option> ou <option>-t</option> les enregistrements des utilisateurs sont "
+"modifiés, même si l'utilisateur n'existe pas sur le système. C'est utile "
+"pour remettre à zéro les enregistrements des utilisateurs qui ont été "
+"supprimés ou pour mettre en place une politique préventive pour un ensemble "
+"d'utilisateurs."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105
+msgid "--lock-secs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105 faillog.8.xml.out:109
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "USE_TCB"
+msgid "SEC"
+msgstr "USE_TCB"
+
+# NOTE: s/to/during/
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:108
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Lock account for <replaceable>SEC</replaceable> seconds after failed "
+#| "login."
+msgid "Lock account for <_:replaceable-1/> seconds after failed login."
+msgstr ""
+"Verrouiller le compte pendant <replaceable>SEC</replaceable> secondes après "
+"un échec de connexion."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:112 faillog.8.xml.out:137 faillog.8.xml.out:149
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Write access to <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> is required for "
+#| "this option."
+msgid "Write access to <_:filename-1/> is required for this option."
+msgstr ""
+"L'accès en écriture sur <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> est nécessaire "
+"pour cette option."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "--maximum"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120 faillog.8.xml.out:125 faillog.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:123
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Configurer le nombre maximum d'échecs de connexion après lequel le compte "
+"sera désactivé à <replaceable>MAX</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:127
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Selecting a <replaceable>MAX</replaceable> value of 0 has the effect of "
+#| "not placing a limit on the number of failed logins."
+msgid ""
+"Selecting a <_:replaceable-1/> value of 0 has the effect of not placing a "
+"limit on the number of failed logins."
+msgstr ""
+"Sélectionner une valeur <replaceable>MAX</replaceable> de 0 a pour effet de "
+"ne placer aucune limite sur le nombre d'échecs de connexion."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:160 porttime.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:132
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The maximum failure count should always be 0 for <emphasis>root</"
+#| "emphasis> to prevent a denial of services attack against the system."
+msgid ""
+"The maximum failure count should always be 0 for <_:emphasis-1/> to prevent "
+"a denial of services attack against the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Le compteur d'erreurs maximum doit toujours être 0 pour <emphasis>root</"
+"emphasis> afin d'éviter les attaques de type déni de service sur le système."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144
+msgid "--reset"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "Reset the counters of login failures."
+msgstr "Remettre à zéro le compteur d'échecs de connexion."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+msgid "--time"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 faillog.8.xml.out:174 lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:79 lastlog.8.xml.out:128 lastlog.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:172
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Display faillog records more recent than <replaceable>DAYS</replaceable>."
+msgid "Display faillog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Afficher les entrées de faillog plus récentes que <replaceable>JOURS</"
+"replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180 lastlog.8.xml.out:90 lastlog.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "--user"
+msgstr "utilisateur"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180 faillog.8.xml.out:190 faillog.8.xml.out:191
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 lastlog.8.xml.out:147 lastlog.8.xml.out:148
+msgid "RANGE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:179 lastlog.8.xml.out:138
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#| "replaceable>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>|<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:183
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used "
+#| "with <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option> or <option>-r</option> "
+#| "options) only for the specified user(s)."
+msgid ""
+"Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used "
+"with <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/> options) only for the "
+"specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+"Afficher l'entrée de faillog ou maintient le décompte et les limitations "
+"(suivant que l'option <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option> ou <option>-"
+"r</option> est utilisée) seulement pour les utilisateurs indiqués."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:193 lastlog.8.xml.out:149
+msgid "UID_MIN-UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:194 lastlog.8.xml.out:150
+msgid "-UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:195 lastlog.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "UID_MIN-"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:188 lastlog.8.xml.out:145
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a "
+#| "<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable> of users. This <replaceable>RANGE</"
+#| "replaceable> of users can be specified with a min and max values "
+#| "(<replaceable>UID_MIN-UID_MAX</replaceable>), a max value (<replaceable>-"
+#| "UID_MAX</replaceable>), or a min value (<replaceable>UID_MIN-</"
+#| "replaceable>)."
+msgid ""
+"The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a <_:"
+"replaceable-1/> of users. This <_:replaceable-2/> of users can be specified "
+"with a min and max values (<_:replaceable-3/>), a max value (<_:"
+"replaceable-4/>), or a min value (<_:replaceable-5/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Les utilisateurs peuvent être précisés par un nom de connexion, un "
+"identifiant numérique d'utilisateur ou un <replaceable>INTERVALLE</"
+"replaceable> d'utilisateurs. Cet <replaceable>INTERVALLE</replaceable> "
+"d'utilisateurs peut être précisé avec des valeurs minimale et maximale "
+"(<replaceable>UID_MIN-UID_MAX</replaceable>), seulement une valeur maximale "
+"(<replaceable>-UID_MAX</replaceable>) ou une valeur minimale "
+"(<replaceable>UID_MIN-</replaceable>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:201
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When none of the <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option>, or <option>-r</"
+#| "option> options are used, <command>faillog</command> displays the faillog "
+#| "record of the specified user(s)."
+msgid ""
+"When none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options are "
+"used, <_:command-4/> displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+"Quand aucune des options <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option> ou "
+"<option>-r</option> n'est utilisée, <command>faillog</command> affiche "
+"l'enregistrement des échecs de connexion des utilisateurs précisés."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:210
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>faillog</command> only prints out users with no successful login "
+#| "since the last failure. To print out a user who has had a successful "
+#| "login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with "
+#| "the <option>-u</option> flag, or print out all users with the <option>-a</"
+#| "option> flag."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> only prints out users with no successful login since the last "
+"failure. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last "
+"failure, you must explicitly request the user with the <_:option-2/> flag, "
+"or print out all users with the <_:option-3/> flag."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>faillog</command> n'affiche que les utilisateurs n'ayant pas eu de "
+"connexion réussie depuis leur dernier échec. Pour afficher un utilisateur "
+"ayant eu une connexion réussie depuis son dernier échec, vous devez "
+"explicitement demander cet utilisateur avec l'option <option>-u</option>, ou "
+"demander l'affichage de tous les utilisateurs avec l'option <option>-a</"
+"option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:235 limits.5.xml.out:125 limits.5.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:66 login.1.xml.out:73 login.1.xml.out:79 login.1.xml.out:87
+#: login.1.xml.out:94 login.1.xml.out:103 login.1.xml.out:106
+#: login.1.xml.out:108 login.1.xml.out:112 login.1.xml.out:119
+#: login.1.xml.out:171 login.1.xml.out:177 login.1.xml.out:230
+#: login.1.xml.out:238 login.1.xml.out:247 login.1.xml.out:253
+#: login.1.xml.out:259 login.access.5.xml.out:112 login.defs.5.xml.out:343
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:518 login.defs.5.xml.out:530 newgrp.1.xml.out:133
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:60 passwd.5.xml.out:125 passwd.5.xml.out:132
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:179 porttime.5.xml.out:121 shadow.5.xml.out:265
+#: sg.1.xml.out:122 su.1.xml.out:415
+msgid "login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:20
+msgid "Rafal"
+msgstr "rafal"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:21
+msgid "Maszkowski"
+msgstr "Maszkowski"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:22 login.access.5.xml.out:18 pwconv.8.xml.out:23
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Creation, 1996"
+msgstr "Création, 1996"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:47
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administer <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "administer <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr "Administrer <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:50
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administer <placeholder-1/> and <placeholder-2/>"
+msgid "administer <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>"
+msgstr "Administrer <placeholder-1/> et <placeholder-2/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:64 gpasswd.1.xml.out:89 gpasswd.1.xml.out:129
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:142 gpasswd.1.xml.out:177 gpasswd.1.xml.out:181
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:193 gpasswd.1.xml.out:197 gpasswd.1.xml.out:292
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:49 grpck.8.xml.out:188 grpck.8.xml.out:280
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:156 limits.5.xml.out:138 newgrp.1.xml.out:48
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:145 pwck.8.xml.out:336 pwconv.8.xml.out:114
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:120 sg.1.xml.out:134 vipw.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "group"
+msgstr "groupe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:73
+msgid ", and <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:76
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "administrators,"
+msgstr "administrateurs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:71
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to administer <_:filename-2/><_:phrase-3/"
+">. Every group can have <_:phrase-4/> members and a password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:80 gpasswd.1.xml.out:112 gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-A"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:79
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "System administrators can use the <option>-A</option> option to define "
+#| "group administrator(s) and the <option>-M</option> option to define "
+#| "members. They have all rights of group administrators and members."
+msgid ""
+"System administrators can use the <_:option-1/> option to define group "
+"administrator(s) and the <_:option-2/> option to define members. They have "
+"all rights of group administrators and members."
+msgstr ""
+"Les administrateurs système peuvent utiliser l'option <option>-A</option> "
+"pour définir un ou des administrateurs de groupe et l'option <option>-M</"
+"option> pour définir les membres. Ils ont tous les droits des "
+"administrateurs et membres du groupe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:86
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "a group administrator"
+msgstr "administrateurs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "a system administrator"
+msgstr "administrateurs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:84
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> called by <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> with a group name only "
+"prompts for the new password of the <_:replaceable-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:93 gpasswd.1.xml.out:180 gpasswd.1.xml.out:196
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:277 groups.1.xml.out:71 groups.1.xml.out:92
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:76 gshadow.5.xml.out:165 newgrp.1.xml.out:34
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:41 newgrp.1.xml.out:47 newgrp.1.xml.out:55
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:63 newgrp.1.xml.out:66 sg.1.xml.out:60 sg.1.xml.out:64
+#: sg.1.xml.out:65 sg.1.xml.out:66 sg.1.xml.out:125
+msgid "newgrp"
+msgstr "newgrp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:91
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If a password is set the members can still use "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> without a password, and non-members must supply "
+#| "the password."
+msgid ""
+"If a password is set the members can still use <_:citerefentry-1/> without a "
+"password, and non-members must supply the password."
+msgstr ""
+"Si un mot de passe est configuré, les membres peuvent toujours utiliser "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry> sans mot de passe. Les non membres doivent fournir le mot de "
+"passe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:99
+msgid "Notes about group passwords"
+msgstr "Notes sur les mots de passe de groupe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"Group passwords are an inherent security problem since more than one person "
+"is permitted to know the password. However, groups are a useful tool for "
+"permitting co-operation between different users."
+msgstr ""
+"Les mots de passe de groupe représentent naturellement un risque en matière "
+"de sécurité, puisque plusieurs personnes ont connaissance du mot de passe. "
+"Cependant, les groupes sont utiles pour permettre la coopération entre "
+"différents utilisateurs."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:111
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Except for the <option>-A</option> and <option>-M</option> options, the "
+#| "options cannot be combined."
+msgid ""
+"Except for the <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options, the options cannot "
+"be combined."
+msgstr ""
+"À part les options <option>-A</option> et <option>-M</option>, les options "
+"ne peuvent pas être combinées."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:115
+msgid "The options cannot be combined."
+msgstr "Les options ne peuvent pas être combinées."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124 groupmems.8.xml.out:83
+msgid "--add"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124 gpasswd.1.xml.out:128 gpasswd.1.xml.out:137
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:141 gpasswd.1.xml.out:205 gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+#: groups.1.xml.out:48 groups.1.xml.out:59
+msgid "user"
+msgstr "utilisateur"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:127
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the <replaceable>user</replaceable> to the named <replaceable>group</"
+#| "replaceable>."
+msgid "Add the <_:replaceable-1/> to the named <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ajouter l'<replaceable>utilisateur</replaceable> à ce <replaceable>groupe</"
+"replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:137 groupmems.8.xml.out:94 passwd.1.xml.out:168
+msgid "--delete"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:140
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Remove the <replaceable>user</replaceable> from the named "
+#| "<replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+msgid "Remove the <_:replaceable-1/> from the named <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Enlever l'<replaceable>utilisateur</replaceable> de ce <replaceable>groupe</"
+"replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-Q"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:173
+msgid "--remove-password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:176
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Remove the password from the named <replaceable>group</replaceable>. The "
+#| "group password will be empty. Only group members will be allowed to use "
+#| "<command>newgrp</command> to join the named <replaceable>group</"
+#| "replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Remove the password from the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password "
+"will be empty. Only group members will be allowed to use <_:command-2/> to "
+"join the named <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Enlever le mot de passe pour ce <replaceable>groupe</replaceable>. Le mot de "
+"passe du groupe sera vide. Seuls les membres du groupe seront autorisés à "
+"utiliser <command>newgrp</command> pour rejoindre ce <replaceable>groupe</"
+"replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:189
+msgid "--restrict"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:192
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Restrict the access to the named <replaceable>group</replaceable>. The "
+#| "group password is set to \"!\". Only group members with a password will "
+#| "be allowed to use <command>newgrp</command> to join the named "
+#| "<replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Restrict the access to the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password is "
+"set to \"!\". Only group members with a password will be allowed to use <_:"
+"command-2/> to join the named <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Restreindre l'accès à ce <replaceable>groupe</replaceable>. Le mot de passe "
+"du groupe est défini à « ! ». Seuls les membres du groupe seront autorisés à "
+"utiliser <command>newgrp</command> pour rejoindre ce <replaceable>groupe</"
+"replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "--administrators"
+msgstr "administrateurs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:204 gpasswd.1.xml.out:216
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>,..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:208
+msgid "Set the list of administrative users."
+msgstr "Configurer la liste des administrateurs."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "members"
+msgid "--members"
+msgstr "membres"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:220
+msgid "Set the list of group members."
+msgstr "Configurer la liste des membres du groupe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:232
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:234
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "file"
+msgid "file."
+msgstr "fichier"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:230
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This tool only operates on the <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase "
+#| "condition=\"gshadow\"> and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files.</"
+#| "phrase><phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">file.</phrase> Thus you cannot "
+#| "change any NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the corresponding "
+#| "server."
+msgid ""
+"This tool only operates on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> "
+"Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+"Cet outil ne fonctionne que sur <phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">le fichier</"
+"phrase><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">les fichiers</phrase> <filename>/etc/"
+"group</filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> et <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+"filename></phrase>. Par conséquent vous ne pouvez modifier aucun groupe NIS "
+"ou LDAP. Cela doit être effectué sur le serveur correspondant."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:283 groupadd.8.xml.out:357 groupdel.8.xml.out:34
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:41 groupdel.8.xml.out:47 groupdel.8.xml.out:57
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:66 groupdel.8.xml.out:165 groupmems.8.xml.out:221
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:341 login.defs.5.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:893
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:328 usermod.8.xml.out:623
+msgid "groupdel"
+msgstr "groupdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:286 groupadd.8.xml.out:360 groupdel.8.xml.out:220
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:34 groupmod.8.xml.out:41 groupmod.8.xml.out:47
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:58 groupmod.8.xml.out:67 groupmod.8.xml.out:256
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:107 grpck.8.xml.out:283 login.defs.5.xml.out:311
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:896 userdel.8.xml.out:331 usermod.8.xml.out:626
+msgid "groupmod"
+msgstr "groupmod"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:289 grpck.8.xml.out:33 grpck.8.xml.out:40
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:46 grpck.8.xml.out:60 grpck.8.xml.out:116
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:128 grpck.8.xml.out:141 grpck.8.xml.out:184
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:234 gshadow.5.xml.out:159 login.defs.5.xml.out:318
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:339 pwconv.8.xml.out:198 pwconv.8.xml.out:242
+msgid "grpck"
+msgstr "grpck"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:295 grpck.8.xml.out:95 grpck.8.xml.out:287
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:22 gshadow.5.xml.out:29 newgrp.1.xml.out:148
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:114 pwconv.8.xml.out:115 pwconv.8.xml.out:121
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:122 sg.1.xml.out:137 vipw.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "gshadow"
+msgstr "gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:293 newgrp.1.xml.out:146 sg.1.xml.out:135
+msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:275 newgrp.1.xml.out:128 sg.1.xml.out:117
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/><_:phrase-7/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:44
+msgid "create a new group"
+msgstr "Créer un nouveau groupe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:54 groupadd.8.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "NEWGROUP"
+msgstr "GROUPE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupadd</command> command creates a new group account using "
+#| "the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the "
+#| "system. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates a new group account using the values "
+"specified on the command line plus the default values from the system. The "
+"new group will be entered into the system files as needed."
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>groupadd</command> crée un nouveau compte de groupe en "
+"utilisant les valeurs spécifiées sur la ligne de commande et les valeurs par "
+"défaut du système. Le nouveau groupe sera inséré dans les fichiers du "
+"système selon les besoins."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:66
+msgid ""
+"Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, "
+"underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not "
+"allowed at the beginning of the groupname. Fully numeric groupnames and "
+"groupnames . or .. are also disallowed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgid "Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgstr "Les noms d'utilisateur sont limités à 16 caractères."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:94 groupadd.8.xml.out:95 groupadd.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:236 groupmems.8.xml.out:110 groupmod.8.xml.out:82
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:136 groupmod.8.xml.out:201 useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230 useradd.8.xml.out:264 useradd.8.xml.out:391
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:396 useradd.8.xml.out:557 useradd.8.xml.out:639
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:174 vipw.8.xml.out:90
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-g"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:91
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the "
+#| "specified group already exists. When used with <option>-g</option>, and "
+#| "the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. "
+#| "<option>-g</option> is turned off)."
+msgid ""
+"This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the "
+"specified group already exists. When used with <_:option-1/>, and the "
+"specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. <_:"
+"option-2/> is turned off)."
+msgstr ""
+"Avec cette option, la commande quittera juste avec un état de succès si le "
+"groupe indiqué existe déjà. Avec l'option <option>-g</option>, si "
+"l'identifiant de groupe indiqué existe déjà, un autre identifiant de groupe "
+"(non utilisé) sera choisi (c.-à-d. que <option>-g</option> est désactivée)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:82 useradd.8.xml.out:230
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639 usermod.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "--gid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102 groupadd.8.xml.out:105 groupadd.8.xml.out:151
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73 groupmod.8.xml.out:82 groupmod.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:91 groupmod.8.xml.out:137 newusers.8.xml.out:300
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:469
+msgid "GID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:108 groupadd.8.xml.out:134 groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:195 groupmod.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:105
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The numerical value of the group's ID. This value must be unique, unless "
+#| "the <option>-o</option> option is used. The value must be non-negative. "
+#| "The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to "
+#| "<option>GID_MIN</option> and greater than every other group."
+msgid ""
+"The numerical value of the group's ID. <_:replaceable-1/> must be unique, "
+"unless the <_:option-2/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The "
+"default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-3/"
+"> and greater than every other group."
+msgstr ""
+"La valeur numérique de l'identifiant du groupe (« group ID » ou GID). Cette "
+"valeur doit être unique, sauf si l'option <option>-o</option> est utilisée. "
+"La valeur ne doit pas être négative. Par défaut, le plus petit identifiant "
+"supérieur au <option>GID_MIN</option> et aux identifiants des groupes "
+"existants est utilisé."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:113 groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:195 groupmod.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:111 useradd.8.xml.out:541
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "See also the <option>-r</option> option and the <option>UID_MAX</option> "
+#| "description."
+msgid "See also the <_:option-1/> option and the <_:option-2/> description."
+msgstr ""
+"Voir aussi aussi l'option <option>-r</option> et la description de "
+"<option>UID_MAX</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 groupadd.8.xml.out:131 groupadd.8.xml.out:134
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:314 useradd.8.xml.out:317 useradd.8.xml.out:319
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-K"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "--key"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "KEY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "EXIT VALUES"
+msgid "VALUE"
+msgstr "VALEURS DE RETOUR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:124 useradd.8.xml.out:302
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#| "replaceable>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>=<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+# NOTE: missing <filename>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX "
+#| "and others). Multiple <option>-K</option> options can be specified."
+msgid ""
+"Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others). Multiple "
+"<_:option-2/> options can be specified."
+msgstr ""
+"Surcharger les valeurs par défaut du fichier <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename> (GID_MIN, GID_MAX et autres). L'option <option>-K</option> peut "
+"être indiquée plusieurs fois."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:134 useradd.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "10"
+msgid "100"
+msgstr "10"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:321
+msgid "499"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Remove the <replaceable>user</replaceable> from the named "
+#| "<replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> <_:option-4/> "
+"<_:replaceable-5/>=<_:replaceable-6/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Enlever l'<replaceable>utilisateur</replaceable> de ce <replaceable>groupe</"
+"replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:138 groupadd.8.xml.out:333 groupdel.8.xml.out:192
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:295 useradd.8.xml.out:853 userdel.8.xml.out:265
+msgid "10"
+msgstr "10"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:137
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#| "replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>GID_MAX</"
+#| "replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable> doesn't work yet."
+msgid ""
+"Note: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/>,<_:replaceable-4/"
+">=<_:replaceable-5/> doesn't work yet."
+msgstr ""
+"Remarque : <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+"replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>GID_MAX</"
+"replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable> ne fonctionne pas pour l'instant."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:145 groupmod.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:405
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "--non-unique"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:148
+msgid ""
+"permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID. As a "
+"result, for this <_:replaceable-1/>, the mapping towards group <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> may not be unique."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmems.8.xml.out:55 groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:143 login.1.xml.out:80 login.1.xml.out:88
+#: login.1.xml.out:95 login.1.xml.out:212 su.1.xml.out:207
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:237 usermod.8.xml.out:290
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:411 vipw.8.xml.out:102
+msgid "-p"
+msgstr "-p"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmod.8.xml.out:143 useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "--password"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmod.8.xml.out:143 useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+msgid "PASSWORD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:163 groupmod.8.xml.out:148 gshadow.5.xml.out:62
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:68 passwd.5.xml.out:103 passwd.5.xml.out:109
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:170 shadow.5.xml.out:88 shadow.5.xml.out:94
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:430 useradd.8.xml.out:887 usermod.8.xml.out:295
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:614
+msgid "crypt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:164 groupadd.8.xml.out:315 groupmod.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:271 groups.1.xml.out:68 groups.1.xml.out:104
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:255 gshadow.5.xml.out:63 gshadow.5.xml.out:69
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:443 passwd.5.xml.out:104 passwd.5.xml.out:110
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:170 passwd.5.xml.out:176 pwck.8.xml.out:305
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:34 shadow.3.xml.out:217 shadow.5.xml.out:89
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:95 useradd.8.xml.out:431 useradd.8.xml.out:829
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:887 usermod.8.xml.out:296 usermod.8.xml.out:614
+msgid "3"
+msgstr "3"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:161
+msgid ""
+"defines an initial password for the group account. PASSWORD is expected to "
+"be encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:166
+msgid ""
+"Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password "
+"defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths "
+"system account file <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:173 groupmod.8.xml.out:152 useradd.8.xml.out:444
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:93 usermod.8.xml.out:299
+msgid "Note:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:172 groupmod.8.xml.out:151
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis role=\"bold\">Note:</emphasis> This option is not recommended "
+#| "because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users "
+#| "listing the processes."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> This option is not recommended because the password (or "
+"encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">Remarque :</emphasis> l'utilisation de cette option "
+"est déconseillée car le mot de passe (ou le mot de passe chiffré) peut être "
+"visible des utilisateurs qui affichent la liste des processus. "
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:177 groupmod.8.xml.out:156 useradd.8.xml.out:448
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:309
+msgid ""
+"You should make sure the password respects the system's password policy."
+msgstr ""
+"Il est nécessaire de vérifier si le mot de passe respecte la politique de "
+"mots de passe du système."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:185 newusers.8.xml.out:287 useradd.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "--system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "Create a system group."
+msgstr "Créer un groupe système."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "SYS_GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "SYS_GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:191
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the "
+#| "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> range, defined "
+#| "in <filename>login.defs</filename>, instead of <option>GID_MIN</option>-"
+#| "<option>GID_MAX</option>."
+msgid ""
+"The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the <_:option-1/>-"
+"<_:option-2/> range, defined in <_:filename-3/>, instead of <_:option-4/>-<_:"
+"option-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Les identifiants numériques des nouveaux groupes systèmes sont choisis dans "
+"l'intervalle <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option>, "
+"défini dans <filename>login.defs</filename>, au lieu de <option>GID_MIN</"
+"option>-<option>GID_MAX</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupdel.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502 userdel.8.xml.out:136 usermod.8.xml.out:341
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-P"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupdel.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502 userdel.8.xml.out:136 usermod.8.xml.out:341
+msgid "--prefix"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupadd.8.xml.out:219 groupdel.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:106 groupdel.8.xml.out:108 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:181 groupmod.8.xml.out:183 useradd.8.xml.out:502
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:507 userdel.8.xml.out:136 userdel.8.xml.out:140
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:142 usermod.8.xml.out:341 usermod.8.xml.out:346
+msgid "PREFIX_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:505
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under "
+"the directory <_:replaceable-1/>. This option does not chroot and is "
+"intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and "
+"LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host "
+"files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:229 groupadd.8.xml.out:237 groupmod.8.xml.out:194
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:202 useradd.8.xml.out:96 useradd.8.xml.out:397
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:549 useradd.8.xml.out:558 usermod.8.xml.out:238
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:405
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-U"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:229 groupmod.8.xml.out:194
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "--users"
+msgstr "utilisateur"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:232 groupmod.8.xml.out:197
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Administrators can change the password or the members of the group."
+msgid "A list of usernames to add as members of the group."
+msgstr ""
+"Les administrateurs peuvent modifier le mot de passe ou les membres du "
+"groupe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:237 groupmod.8.xml.out:202 useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:386 useradd.8.xml.out:397 useradd.8.xml.out:558
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-N"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:238 groupmod.8.xml.out:203 login.defs.5.xml.out:448
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:97 useradd.8.xml.out:240 useradd.8.xml.out:398
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:559 userdel.8.xml.out:86 userdel.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:235 groupmod.8.xml.out:200 useradd.8.xml.out:395
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:556
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default behavior (if the <option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option>, "
+#| "and <option>-U</option> options are not specified) is defined by the "
+#| "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"The default behavior (if the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, and <_:option-3/> "
+"options are not specified) is defined by the <_:option-4/> variable in <_:"
+"filename-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Le comportement par défaut (si les options <option>-g</option>, <option>-N</"
+"option>, et <option>-U</option> ne sont pas précisées) est défini par la "
+"variable <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> dans <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:286
+msgid ""
+"You may not add a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous ne pouvez pas ajouter d'utilisateur à un groupe NIS ou LDAP. Cela doit "
+"être effectué sur le serveur correspondant."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:290
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS "
+#| "or LDAP, <command>groupadd</command> will deny the group creation request."
+msgid ""
+"If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or "
+"LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the group creation request."
+msgstr ""
+"Si le nom du groupe existe dans une base de données externe, telle que NIS "
+"ou LDAP, <command>groupadd</command> refusera de créer le groupe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:317 passwd.1.xml.out:463 useradd.8.xml.out:831
+msgid "invalid argument to option"
+msgstr "paramètre non valable pour l'option"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:321 groupmod.8.xml.out:277 grpck.8.xml.out:261
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:449 pwck.8.xml.out:311 useradd.8.xml.out:835
+msgid "4"
+msgstr "4"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:323
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "UID already in use (and no <option>-o</option>)"
+msgid "GID is already used (when called without <_:option-1/>)"
+msgstr "UID déjà utilisé (et pas d'option <option>-o</option>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:327 groupmod.8.xml.out:289 useradd.8.xml.out:847
+msgid "9"
+msgstr "9"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:329
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "group name is already used"
+msgstr "nom de groupe déjà utilisé"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:335 groupdel.8.xml.out:194 useradd.8.xml.out:855
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:267
+msgid "can't update group file"
+msgstr "impossible de mettre à jour le fichier des groupes"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:369 groupdel.8.xml.out:226 groupmems.8.xml.out:227
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:350 login.defs.5.xml.out:480 useradd.8.xml.out:913
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:39 userdel.8.xml.out:46 userdel.8.xml.out:51
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:62 userdel.8.xml.out:71 userdel.8.xml.out:82
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211 userdel.8.xml.out:232 userdel.8.xml.out:283
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:298 userdel.8.xml.out:300 usermod.8.xml.out:643
+msgid "userdel"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:372 groupdel.8.xml.out:229 groupmems.8.xml.out:230
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:353 login.defs.5.xml.out:490 passwd.1.xml.out:488
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:140 pwck.8.xml.out:348 useradd.8.xml.out:916
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:345 usermod.8.xml.out:40 usermod.8.xml.out:47
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:53 usermod.8.xml.out:64 usermod.8.xml.out:72
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:263 usermod.8.xml.out:522
+msgid "usermod"
+msgstr "usermod"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:344 groupmod.8.xml.out:324
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-10/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:42
+msgid "delete a group"
+msgstr "Supprimer un groupe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:51 groupdel.8.xml.out:59 groupmod.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:59 groupmod.8.xml.out:86 groupmod.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:125 suauth.5.xml.out:85 suauth.5.xml.out:87
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230 useradd.8.xml.out:249 useradd.8.xml.out:392
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639 useradd.8.xml.out:648 usermod.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "GROUP"
+msgstr "GROUPE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupdel</command> command modifies the system account "
+#| "files, deleting all entries that refer to <replaceable>GROUP</"
+#| "replaceable>. The named group must exist."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all "
+"entries that refer to <_:replaceable-2/>. The named group must exist."
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>groupdel</command> modifie les fichiers "
+"d'administration des comptes du système, en supprimant les entrées qui se "
+"réfèrent à <replaceable>groupe</replaceable>. Le groupe indiqué doit exister."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"This option forces the removal of the group, even if there's some user "
+"having the group as the primary one."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:105 groupmod.8.xml.out:180 userdel.8.xml.out:139
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration "
+"files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. This option does not chroot and "
+"is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS "
+"and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host "
+"files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:122
+msgid ""
+"You may not remove the primary group of any existing user. You must remove "
+"the user before you remove the group."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous ne pouvez pas supprimer le groupe primaire d'un utilisateur existant. "
+"Vous devez supprimer l'utilisateur auparavant."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:126
+msgid ""
+"You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain "
+"owned by this group."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous devriez vérifier vous-même qu'aucun fichier possédé par le groupe ne "
+"subsiste sur tous les systèmes de fichiers."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:180 groupmod.8.xml.out:283 passwd.1.xml.out:461
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:323 useradd.8.xml.out:841 userdel.8.xml.out:253
+msgid "6"
+msgstr "6"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:182 useradd.8.xml.out:843
+msgid "specified group doesn't exist"
+msgstr "le groupe spécifié n'existe pas"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "can't remove user's primary group"
+msgstr "impossible de supprimer le groupe primaire d'un utilisateur existant"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:203 login.1.xml.out:375 shadow.5.xml.out:260
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:18
+msgid "George"
+msgstr "George"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:19
+msgid "Kraft"
+msgstr "Kraft"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/lineage
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:20
+msgid "IV"
+msgstr "IV"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:21
+msgid "Creation, 2000"
+msgstr "Création, 2000"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:37 groupmems.8.xml.out:44 groupmems.8.xml.out:50
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:63 groupmems.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:71
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:78 groupmems.8.xml.out:159 groupmems.8.xml.out:163
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:305
+msgid "groupmems"
+msgstr "groupmems"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:45
+msgid "administer members of a user's primary group"
+msgstr "Administrer les membres du groupe primaire d'un utilisateur"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:52
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-a <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:53
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-d <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-d <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-d <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:54
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-g <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-g <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-g <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:62
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupmems</command> command allows a user to administer "
+#| "their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser "
+#| "privileges. The <command>groupmems</command> utility is for systems that "
+#| "configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i.e., "
+#| "guest / guest)."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command allows a user to administer their own group "
+"membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges. The <_:"
+"command-2/> utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their "
+"own name sake primary group (i.e., guest / guest)."
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>groupmems</command> permet à un utilisateur "
+"d'administrer la liste des membres de son propre groupe sans avoir les "
+"privilèges du superutilisateur. L'utilitaire <command>groupmems</command> a "
+"été conçu pour les systèmes qui mettent les utilisateurs dans des groupes "
+"primaires du même nom qu'il doivent pouvoir gérer (par exemple guest/guest)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Only the superuser, as administrator, can use <command>groupmems</"
+#| "command> to alter the memberships of other groups."
+msgid ""
+"Only the superuser, as administrator, can use <_:command-1/> to alter the "
+"memberships of other groups."
+msgstr ""
+"Seul le superutilisateur, en tant qu'administrateur, peut utiliser "
+"<command>groupmems</command> pour modifier la liste des membres d'un autre "
+"groupe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "Add a user to the group membership list."
+msgstr "Ajouter un utilisateur à la liste des membres du groupe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:86 groupmems.8.xml.out:102 groupmems.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file exist, and the group has no "
+#| "entry in the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file, a new entry will be "
+#| "created."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:filename-1/> file exist, and the group has no entry in the <_:"
+"filename-2/> file, a new entry will be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Si le fichier <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> existe, et que le groupe n'y "
+"a pas d'entrée, une nouvelle entrée sera créée."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "Delete a user from the group membership list."
+msgstr "Supprimer un utilisateur de la liste des membres du groupe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:97
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file exist, the user will be "
+#| "removed from the list of members and administrators of the group."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:filename-1/> file exist, the user will be removed from the list of "
+"members and administrators of the group."
+msgstr ""
+"Si le fichier <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> existe, l'utilisateur sera "
+"retiré de la liste des membres et des administrateurs du groupe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110 vipw.8.xml.out:90
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group"
+msgid "--group"
+msgstr "groupe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:112
+msgid "The superuser can specify which group membership list to modify."
+msgstr ""
+"Le superutilisateur peut préciser la liste des membres du groupe à modifier."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "List the group membership list."
+msgstr "Afficher la liste des membres du groupe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+msgid "--purge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:132
+msgid "Purge all users from the group membership list."
+msgstr "Supprimer tous les utilisateurs de la liste des membres du groupe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:157
+msgid "SETUP"
+msgstr "CONFIGURATION"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/literal
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:160
+msgid "2710"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:161 groupmems.8.xml.out:162 groups.1.xml.out:33
+#: groups.1.xml.out:40 groups.1.xml.out:46 groups.1.xml.out:56
+msgid "groups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupmems</command> executable should be in mode "
+#| "<literal>2710</literal> as user <emphasis>root</emphasis> and in group "
+#| "<emphasis>groups</emphasis>. The system administrator can add users to "
+#| "group <emphasis>groups</emphasis> to allow or disallow them using the "
+#| "<command>groupmems</command> utility to manage their own group membership "
+#| "list."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> executable should be in mode <_:literal-2/> as user <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> and in group <_:emphasis-4/>. The system administrator can add "
+"users to group <_:emphasis-5/> to allow or disallow them using the <_:"
+"command-6/> utility to manage their own group membership list."
+msgstr ""
+"L'exécutable <command>groupmems</command> doit être installé en mode "
+"<literal>2710</literal> avec pour utilisateur <emphasis>root</emphasis> et "
+"pour groupe <emphasis>groups</emphasis>. L'administrateur système peut "
+"ajouter des utilisateurs au groupe <emphasis>groups</emphasis> pour leur "
+"permettre ou leur interdire d'utiliser <command>groupmems</command> pour "
+"gérer leur propre liste de membres du groupe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:167
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "\t$ groupadd -r groups\n"
+#| "\t$ chmod 2710 groupmems\n"
+#| "\t$ chown root.groups groupmems\n"
+#| "\t$ groupmems -g groups -a gk4\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid ""
+"$ groupadd -r groups $ chmod 2710 groupmems $ chown root.groups groupmems $ "
+"groupmems -g groups -a gk4"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"\t$ groupadd -r groups\n"
+"\t$ chmod 2710 groupmems\n"
+"\t$ chown root.groups groupmems\n"
+"\t$ groupmems -g groups -a gk4\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "secure group account information"
+msgstr "informations cachées sur les groupes"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:42
+msgid "modify a group definition on the system"
+msgstr "Modifier la définition d'un groupe du système"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupmod</command> command modifies the definition of the "
+#| "specified <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable> by modifying the appropriate "
+#| "entry in the group database."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the definition of the specified <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database."
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>groupmod</command> modifie la définition du "
+"<replaceable>GROUPE</replaceable> spécifié en modifiant l'entrée "
+"correspondante de la base de données des groupes."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73 usermod.8.xml.out:78
+msgid "--append"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If group members are specified with -U, append them to the existing member "
+"list, rather than replacing it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The group ID of the given <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable> will be "
+#| "changed to <replaceable>GID</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"The group ID of the given <_:replaceable-1/> will be changed to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"L'identifiant numérique du groupe <replaceable>GROUPE</replaceable> sera "
+"modifié vers <emphasis remap=\"I\">GID</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The value of <replaceable>GID</replaceable> must be a non-negative "
+#| "decimal integer. This value must be unique, unless the <option>-o</"
+#| "option> option is used."
+msgid ""
+"The value of <_:replaceable-1/> must be a non-negative decimal integer. This "
+"value must be unique, unless the <_:option-2/> option is used."
+msgstr ""
+"La valeur de <replaceable>GID</replaceable> doit être un nombre décimal "
+"positif. Cette valeur doit être unique, à moins que l'option <option>-o</"
+"option> ne soit utilisée."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:95
+msgid ""
+"Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to keep the group "
+"as their primary group."
+msgstr ""
+"Les utilisateurs qui utilisent ce groupe comme groupe primaire seront mis à "
+"jour pour garder le groupe comme groupe primaire."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:99
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to "
+#| "<replaceable>GROUP</replaceable>, must have their group ID changed "
+#| "manually."
+msgid ""
+"Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>, must have their group ID changed manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous devrez modifier vous-même l'identifiant de groupe des fichiers ayant "
+"l'ancien identifiant de groupe qui doivent continuer à appartenir au "
+"<replaceable>GROUPE</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:395
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "No checks will be performed with regard to the <option>UID_MIN</option>, "
+#| "<option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>, or "
+#| "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"No checks will be performed with regard to the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, "
+"<_:option-3/>, or <_:option-4/> from <_:filename-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Aucun contrôle ne sera effectué sur les valeurs de <option>UID_MIN</option>, "
+"<option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>, ou "
+"<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> du fichier <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-n"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "--new-name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121 groupmod.8.xml.out:126
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "NEW_GROUP"
+msgstr "GROUPE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:124
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The name of the group will be changed from <replaceable>GROUP</"
+#| "replaceable> to <replaceable>NEW_GROUP</replaceable> name."
+msgid ""
+"The name of the group will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> name."
+msgstr ""
+"Le nom du groupe sera modifié de <emphasis remap=\"I\">GROUPE</emphasis> "
+"vers <emphasis remap=\"I\">NOUVEAU_NOM_GROUPE</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:135
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When used with the <option>-g</option> option, allow to change the group "
+#| "<replaceable>GID</replaceable> to a non-unique value."
+msgid ""
+"When used with the <_:option-1/> option, allow to change the group <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> to a non-unique value."
+msgstr ""
+"En combinaison avec l'option <option>-g</option>, cette option permet de "
+"changer l'identifiant du groupe (<replaceable>GID</replaceable>) vers une "
+"valeur déjà utilisée."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "The encrypted password, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:261
+msgid "E_SUCCESS: success"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:267
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "invalid command syntax"
+msgid "E_USAGE: invalid command syntax"
+msgstr "erreur de syntaxe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:273
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "invalid argument to option"
+msgid "E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option"
+msgstr "paramètre non valable pour l'option"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:279
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use"
+msgstr "nom de groupe déjà utilisé"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:285
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "specified group doesn't exist"
+msgid "E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn't exist"
+msgstr "le groupe spécifié n'existe pas"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:291
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use"
+msgstr "nom de groupe déjà utilisé"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:297
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "can't update group file"
+msgid "E_GRP_UPDATE: can't update group file"
+msgstr "impossible de mettre à jour le fichier des groupes"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:301
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "1"
+msgid "11"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can't setup cleanup service"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:307 useradd.8.xml.out:859 userdel.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "12"
+msgstr "12"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "E_PAM_USERNAME: can't determine your username for use with pam"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:313
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "1"
+msgid "13"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:315
+msgid ""
+"E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the "
+"PAM error message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groups.1.xml.out:41
+msgid "display current group names"
+msgstr "Afficher la liste des groupes auxquels appartient l'utilisateur"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:55
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groups</command> command displays the current group names or "
+#| "ID values. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in <filename>/"
+#| "etc/group</filename>, the value will be displayed as the numerical group "
+#| "value. The optional <emphasis remap=\"I\">user</emphasis> parameter will "
+#| "display the groups for the named <emphasis remap=\"I\">user</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command displays the current group names or ID values. If "
+"the value does not have a corresponding entry in <_:filename-2/>, the value "
+"will be displayed as the numerical group value. The optional <_:"
+"replaceable-3/> parameter will display the groups for the named user."
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>groups</command> affiche la liste des noms de groupe "
+"(ou leur identifiant numérique) de l'utilisateur courant. Si une valeur n'a "
+"pas d'entrée correspondante dans <filename>/etc/group</filename>, "
+"l'identifiant numérique du groupe est affiché. Le paramètre optionnel "
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">utilisateur</emphasis> permet d'afficher la liste des "
+"groupes pour cet utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:68 groups.1.xml.out:104
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "initgroups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: groups.1.xml.out:71 newgrp.1.xml.out:139 sg.1.xml.out:34 sg.1.xml.out:41
+#: sg.1.xml.out:47 sg.1.xml.out:59 sg.1.xml.out:62 sg.1.xml.out:64
+#: sg.1.xml.out:67 sg.1.xml.out:68 su.1.xml.out:421
+msgid "sg"
+msgstr "sg"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:66
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Systems which do not support concurrent group sets will have the "
+#| "information from <filename>/etc/group</filename> reported. The user must "
+#| "use <command>newgrp</command> or <command>sg</command> to change his "
+#| "current real and effective group ID."
+msgid ""
+"Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see <_:citerefentry-1/>) "
+"will have the information from <_:filename-2/> reported. The user must use "
+"<_:command-3/> or <_:command-4/> to change his current real and effective "
+"group ID."
+msgstr ""
+"Sur les systèmes qui ne gèrent pas l'appartenance à plusieurs groupes, "
+"seules les informations contenues dans <filename>/etc/group</filename> sont "
+"affichées. L'utilisateur doit utiliser <command>newgrp</command> ou "
+"<command>sg</command> pour modifier l'identifiant de groupe réel et effectif."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:95
+msgid "getgid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:98
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "getgroups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:101
+msgid "getuid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:90 gshadow.5.xml.out:151 pwck.8.xml.out:334
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:17 lastlog.8.xml.out:19 pwck.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "Creation, 1992"
+msgstr "Création, 1992"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "verify integrity of group files"
+msgstr "Vérifier l'intégrité des fichiers d'administration des groupes"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:62 grpck.8.xml.out:165 grpck.8.xml.out:185
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>grpck</command> command verifies the integrity of the groups "
+#| "information. It checks that all entries in <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#| "filename></phrase> have the proper format and contain valid data. The "
+#| "user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which "
+#| "have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the groups information. "
+"It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/> have the proper "
+"format and contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that "
+"are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>grpck</command> vérifie l'intégrité des informations "
+"sur les groupes du système. Toutes les entrées de <filename>/etc/group</"
+"filename> <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> et <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+"filename></phrase> sont vérifiées afin de s'assurer qu'elles ont le bon "
+"format et qu'elles contiennent des données valables dans chaque champ. Une "
+"confirmation de l'utilisateur sera demandée pour détruire les entrées mal "
+"formatées ou ayant d'autres erreurs non récupérables."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:69 pwck.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "Checks are made to verify that each entry has:"
+msgstr "Voici les vérifications effectuées :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:73 pwck.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "the correct number of fields"
+msgstr "nombre correct de champs ;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "a unique and valid group name"
+msgstr "unicité et validité des noms de groupe ;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:81
+msgid "(<_:filename-1/> only)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:79
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "a valid user and group identifier"
+msgid "a valid group identifier <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr "validité des identifiants d'utilisateur et de groupe ;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:88
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "and administrators"
+msgstr "administrateurs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:86
+msgid "a valid list of members <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "a corresponding entry in the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file "
+#| "(respectively <filename>/etc/group</filename> for the <filename>gshadow</"
+#| "filename> checks)"
+msgid ""
+"a corresponding entry in the <_:filename-1/> file (respectively <_:"
+"filename-2/> for the <_:filename-3/> checks)"
+msgstr ""
+"correspondance d'entrée dans le fichier <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> "
+"(respectivement <filename>/etc/group</filename> pour les vérifications de "
+"<filename>gshadow</filename>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:100
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal. "
+#| "If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to "
+#| "delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all "
+#| "further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated group name is "
+#| "prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All "
+#| "other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the "
+#| "<command>groupmod</command> command to correct the error."
+msgid ""
+"The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal. If "
+"an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete "
+"the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further "
+"checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for "
+"deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All other errors are "
+"warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/> command to "
+"correct the error."
+msgstr ""
+"Une erreur dans le nombre de champs ou la non unicité d'un nom de groupe "
+"sera fatale. Si le nombre de champs n'est pas correct, il sera demandé à "
+"l'utilisateur de supprimer la ligne. Si l'utilisateur ne répond pas par "
+"l'affirmative, les vérifications suivantes ne seront pas effectuées. Il sera "
+"également demandé de supprimer les entrées correspondant aux noms de groupe "
+"redondants, mais dans ce cas, les autres vérifications seront effectuées. "
+"Toutes les autres erreurs ne sont que des avertissements et l'utilisateur "
+"est encouragé à utiliser <command>groupmod</command> pour les corriger."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:113 newusers.8.xml.out:67 newusers.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "fichier"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:111
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The commands which operate on the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file "
+#| "are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <command>pwck</"
+#| "command> should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending "
+#| "entry."
+msgid ""
+"The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/><_:phrase-3/> "
+"are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-4/> should "
+"be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries."
+msgstr ""
+"Les commandes qui opèrent sur le fichier <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> ne "
+"peuvent pas modifier les entrées corrompues ou redondantes. <command>pwck</"
+"command> doit être utilisé dans ce cas pour retirer ces entrées."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:123 pwck.8.xml.out:154
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <option>-r</option> and <option>-s</option> options cannot be "
+#| "combined."
+msgid "The <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options cannot be combined."
+msgstr ""
+"Les options <option>-r</option> et <option>-s</option> ne peuvent pas être "
+"combinées."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 pwck.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "--read-only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:143 login.defs.5.xml.out:134 login.defs.5.xml.out:136
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:246
+msgid "no"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:140
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Execute the <command>grpck</command> command in read-only mode. This "
+#| "causes all questions regarding changes to be answered <emphasis>no</"
+#| "emphasis> without user intervention."
+msgid ""
+"Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode. This causes all "
+"questions regarding changes to be answered <_:emphasis-2/> without user "
+"intervention."
+msgstr ""
+"Exécute la commande <command>grpck</command> en mode lecture seule. Cela "
+"signifie qu'à toutes les questions concernant des modifications il sera "
+"répondu <emphasis>no</emphasis> sans l'intervention de l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:161 pwck.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "--sort"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:163
+msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> by GID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172 lastlog.8.xml.out:117 passwd.1.xml.out:161
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:291
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-S"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "--silence-warnings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:178
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/gshadow"
+msgid "/etc/ghadow"
+msgstr "/etc/gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:174
+msgid ""
+"Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about "
+"inconsistency between group members listed in <_:filename-1/> and <_:"
+"filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "parameter."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:190
+msgid "and <_:emphasis-1/> parameters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"By default, <_:command-1/> operates on <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/>. The "
+"user may select alternate files with the <_:emphasis-4/> <_:phrase-5/> <_:"
+"phrase-6/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:251
+msgid "one or more bad group entries"
+msgstr "une entrée de groupe ou plus est incorrecte"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:257
+msgid "can't open group files"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir les fichiers group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:263
+msgid "can't lock group files"
+msgstr "impossible de verrouiller les fichiers group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:269
+msgid "can't update group files"
+msgstr "impossible de mettre à jour les fichiers group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/citerefentry
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:286
+msgid "<_:refentrytitle-1/><_:manvolnum-2/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:278
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>, "
+"<_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Creation, 2005"
+msgstr "Création, 2005"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:30
+msgid "shadowed group file"
+msgstr "informations cachées sur les groupes"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:35
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> contains the shadowed information for "
+#| "group accounts."
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> contains the shadowed information for group accounts."
+msgstr ""
+"<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> contient les informations cachées sur les "
+"groupes."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:40 shadow.5.xml.out:52
+msgid ""
+"This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to "
+"be maintained."
+msgstr ""
+"Ce fichier ne doit pas être accessible en lecture par les utilisateurs "
+"normaux afin de maintenir la sécurité des mots de passe, en particuliers "
+"pour prévenir les attaques par dictionnaires."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:45
+msgid "Each line of this file contains the following colon-separated fields:"
+msgstr ""
+"Chaque ligne de ce fichier contient les champs suivants, séparés par des "
+"deux-points (« : ») :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:51
+msgid "group name"
+msgstr "nom du groupe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:53
+msgid "It must be a valid group name, which exist on the system."
+msgstr "Ce doit être un nom de groupe valable, qui existe sur le système."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:59 shadow.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "encrypted password"
+msgstr "mot de passe chiffré"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:61 passwd.5.xml.out:102 shadow.5.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> for details on how this string is interpreted."
+msgid ""
+"Refer to <_:citerefentry-1/> for details on how this string is interpreted."
+msgstr ""
+"Consultez <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+"manvolnum></citerefentry> pour plus d'informations sur le traitement de "
+"cette chaîne."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:66
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, for instance ! or *, users will not be able to "
+#| "use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need "
+#| "the password)."
+msgid ""
+"If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix "
+"password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)."
+msgstr ""
+"Si le champ du mot de passe contient une chaîne qui ne peut pas être un "
+"résultat valable de <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, par exemple si elle "
+"contient les caractères « ! » ou « * », les utilisateurs ne pourront pas "
+"utiliser le mot de passe UNIX pour accéder au groupe (mais les membres du "
+"groupe n'ont pas besoin de mot de passe)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:73
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants "
+#| "to gain the permissions of this group (see "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>)."
+msgid ""
+"The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to "
+"gain the permissions of this group (see <_:citerefentry-1/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Le mot de passe est utilisé quand un utilisateur non membre du groupe veut "
+"obtenir les permissions de ce groupe (consultez "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:79
+msgid ""
+"This field may be empty, in which case only the group members can gain the "
+"group permissions."
+msgstr ""
+"Ce champ peut être vide. Dans ce cas seuls les membres du groupe peuvent "
+"obtenir les permissions du groupe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:83 shadow.5.xml.out:81
+msgid ""
+"A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the "
+"password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the "
+"password field before the password was locked."
+msgstr ""
+"Un champ de mot de passe qui commence avec un point d'exclamation indique "
+"que le mot de passe est bloqué. Les caractères restants sur la ligne "
+"représentent le champ de mot de passe avant que le mot de passe n'ait été "
+"bloqué."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This password supersedes any password specified in <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid "This password supersedes any password specified in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ce mot de passe remplace tout mot de passe indiqué dans <filename>/etc/"
+"group</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "administrators"
+msgstr "administrateurs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:99 gshadow.5.xml.out:115
+msgid "It must be a comma-separated list of user names."
+msgstr "Ce champ doit être une liste d'utilisateurs, séparés par des virgules."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:102
+msgid "Administrators can change the password or the members of the group."
+msgstr ""
+"Les administrateurs peuvent modifier le mot de passe ou les membres du "
+"groupe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:106
+msgid ""
+"Administrators also have the same permissions as the members (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Les administrateurs peuvent aussi avoir les mêmes permissions que les "
+"membres (voir ci-dessous)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:113
+msgid "members"
+msgstr "membres"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:118
+msgid "Members can access the group without being prompted for a password."
+msgstr ""
+"Les membres peuvent accéder au groupe sans qu'un mot de passe ne leur soit "
+"demandé."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:122
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You should use the same list of users as in <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid "You should use the same list of users as in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous devez utiliser la même liste d'utilisateurs que dans <filename>/etc/"
+"group</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:162 login.defs.5.xml.out:324 pwconv.8.xml.out:48
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:67 pwconv.8.xml.out:113 pwconv.8.xml.out:134
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:166 pwconv.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "grpconv"
+msgstr "grpconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:35 lastlog.8.xml.out:42 lastlog.8.xml.out:48
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:58 lastlog.8.xml.out:70 lastlog.8.xml.out:172
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:337
+msgid "lastlog"
+msgstr "lastlog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:43
+msgid "reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user"
+msgstr ""
+"signaler les connexions les plus récentes de tous les utilisateurs ou d'un "
+"utilisateur donné"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:59 lastlog.8.xml.out:197 lastlog.8.xml.out:214
+msgid "/var/log/lastlog"
+msgstr "/var/log/lastlog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:60
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login name"
+msgid "login-name"
+msgstr "nom de connexion de l'utilisateur (« login »)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:60
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "porttime"
+msgid "port"
+msgstr "porttime"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login name"
+msgid "last login time"
+msgstr "nom de connexion de l'utilisateur (« login »)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>lastlog</command> formats and prints the contents of the last "
+#| "login log <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file. The <emphasis>login-"
+#| "name</emphasis>, <emphasis>port</emphasis>, and <emphasis>last login "
+#| "time</emphasis> will be printed. The default (no flags) causes lastlog "
+#| "entries to be printed, sorted by their order in <filename>/etc/passwd</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> formats and prints the contents of the last login log <_:"
+"filename-2/> file. The <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/>, and <_:emphasis-5/> "
+"will be printed. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be "
+"printed, sorted by their order in <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>lastlog</command> affiche le contenu du journal des dernières "
+"connexions (<filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename>). Les champs "
+"<emphasis>Utilisateur</emphasis>, <emphasis>Port</emphasis>, date de "
+"<emphasis>Dernière</emphasis> connexion sont affichés. Par défaut (aucune "
+"option de spécifiée), les entrées de lastlog sont affichées triées par ordre "
+"d'apparition dans <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75 useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:592
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-b"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "--before"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:78
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Print only lastlog records older than <emphasis remap=\"I\">DAYS</"
+#| "emphasis>."
+msgid "Print only lastlog records older than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"N'afficher que les entrées du fichier lastlog plus anciennes que <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">JOURS</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-C"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "--clear"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:88
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Clear lastlog record of a user. This option can be used only together "
+#| "with <option>-u</option> (<option>--user</option>))."
+msgid ""
+"Clear lastlog record of a user. This option can be used only together with "
+"<_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+msgstr ""
+"Vide l'enregistrement laslog d'un utilisateur. Vous ne pouvez utiliser cette "
+"option qu'en association avec les options <option>-u</option> (<option>--"
+"user</option>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:117
+msgid "--set"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:120
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set lastlog record of a user to the current time. This option can be used "
+#| "only together with <option>-u</option> (<option>--user</option>))."
+msgid ""
+"Set lastlog record of a user to the current time. This option can be used "
+"only together with <_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+msgstr ""
+"Définit l'enregistrement lastlog d'un utilisateur (sa dernière connexion) à "
+"l'heure actuelle. Cette option ne peut être utilisée que combinée à <option>-"
+"u</option> (<option>--user</option>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:131
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Print the lastlog records more recent than <emphasis remap=\"I\">DAYS</"
+#| "emphasis>."
+msgid "Print the lastlog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Afficher les entrées du fichier lastlog plus récentes que <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">JOURS</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:142
+msgid "Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s)."
+msgstr "N'afficher que les entrées correspondant aux utilisateurs indiqués."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:158
+msgid "** Never logged in**"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:157
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the user has never logged in the message <emphasis>** Never logged "
+#| "in**</emphasis> will be displayed instead of the port and time."
+msgid ""
+"If the user has never logged in the message <_:emphasis-1/> will be "
+"displayed instead of the port and time."
+msgstr ""
+"Dans le cas où l'utilisateur ne s'est jamais connecté, le message "
+"« <emphasis>**Never logged in**</emphasis> » (« <emphasis>**Jamais "
+"connecté**</emphasis> ») est affiché à la place des champs <emphasis>Port</"
+"emphasis> et date de <emphasis>Dernière</emphasis> connexion."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:162
+msgid ""
+"Only the entries for the current users of the system will be displayed. "
+"Other entries may exist for users that were deleted previously."
+msgstr ""
+"Seules les entrées pour les utilisateurs actuels du système seront "
+"affichées. D'autres entrées peuvent exister pour les utilisateurs supprimés "
+"précédemment."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:175
+msgid "ls -l"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "ls -s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:171
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <filename>lastlog</filename> file is a database which contains info "
+#| "on the last login of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse "
+#| "file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown "
+#| "by \"<command>ls -l</command>\" (which can indicate a really big file if "
+#| "you have in <filename>passwd</filename> users with a high UID). You can "
+#| "display its real size with \"<command>ls -s</command>\"."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:filename-1/> file is a database which contains info on the last login "
+"of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse file, so its size on "
+"the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by \"<_:command-2/"
+">\" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in <_:filename-3/> "
+"users with a high UID). You can display its real size with \"<_:command-4/"
+">\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Le fichier <filename>lastlog</filename> est une base de données qui contient "
+"des informations concernant la dernière connexion de chaque utilisateur. "
+"Vous n'avez pas à faire de rotation (avec <command>logrotate</command>) sur "
+"ce fichier. C'est un fichier « creux », donc sa taille sur le disque est "
+"bien plus petite que celle affichée par « <command>ls -l</command> » (qui "
+"peut indiquer un très gros fichier si vous avez des utilisateurs avec des "
+"UID élevés). Vous pouvez afficher sa taille réelle avec « <command>ls -s</"
+"command> »."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "Database times of previous user logins."
+msgstr ""
+"Base de données de l'heure des connexions précédentes des utilisateurs."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"Large gaps in UID numbers will cause the lastlog program to run longer with "
+"no output to the screen (i.e. if in lastlog database there is no entries for "
+"users with UID between 170 and 800 lastlog will appear to hang as it "
+"processes entries with UIDs 171-799)."
+msgstr ""
+"S'il y a des trous importants dans les valeurs des UID, <command>lastlog</"
+"command> s'exécutera plus lentement, sans affichage à l'écran (par exemple, "
+"s'il n'y a pas d'entrée pour les utilisateurs ayant un UID compris entre 170 "
+"et 800 dans base de données lastlog, le programme lastlog semblera bloqué "
+"comme s'il traitait les entrées correspondant aux UID 171 à 799)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:213
+msgid ""
+"Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the <_:term-1/> with "
+"external tools. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much "
+"space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by "
+"default and may require a specific option to handle them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: limits.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Luca"
+msgstr "Luca"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: limits.5.xml.out:18
+msgid "Berra"
+msgstr "Berra"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: limits.5.xml.out:19 vipw.8.xml.out:19
+msgid "Creation, 1997"
+msgstr "Création, 1997"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:35 limits.5.xml.out:42 limits.5.xml.out:50
+msgid "limits"
+msgstr "limits"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: limits.5.xml.out:43
+msgid "resource limits definition"
+msgstr "définition des limites de ressources"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: limits.5.xml.out:51 limits.5.xml.out:175
+msgid "/etc/limits"
+msgstr "/etc/limits"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: limits.5.xml.out:52
+msgid "config.h"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:49
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis remap=\"I\">limits</emphasis> file (<filename>/etc/limits</"
+#| "filename> by default or LIMITS_FILE defined <filename>config.h</"
+#| "filename>) describes the resource limits you wish to impose. It should be "
+#| "owned by root and readable by root account only."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> file (<_:filename-2/> by default or LIMITS_FILE defined "
+"<_:filename-3/>) describes the resource limits you wish to impose. It should "
+"be owned by root and readable by root account only."
+msgstr ""
+"Le fichier <emphasis remap=\"I\">limits</emphasis> (<filename>/etc/limits</"
+"filename> par défaut ou LIMITS_FILE définit dans <filename>config.h</"
+"filename>) décrit les limites de ressource que vous voulez imposer. Il doit "
+"être possédé et ne doit être lisible que par le compte root."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"By default no quota is imposed on 'root'. In fact, there is no way to impose "
+"limits via this procedure to root-equiv accounts (accounts with UID 0)."
+msgstr ""
+"Par défaut, aucun quota (aucune limite) n'est imposé à « root ». En fait, il "
+"n'est pas possible d'imposer de cette façon de limite aux comptes root ou "
+"équivalents (comptes ayant un UID de 0)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:"
+msgstr ""
+"Chaque ligne décrit une limite pour un utilisateur, elle est de la forme "
+"suivante :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "user LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "utilisateur LISTE_DE_LIMITES"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:69
+msgid "or in the form:"
+msgstr "ou sous la forme :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "@group LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "@groupe LISTE_DE_LIMITES"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:76 limits.5.xml.out:112
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user LIMITS_STRING"
+msgid "LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "utilisateur LISTE_DE_LIMITES"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis>LIMITS_STRING</emphasis> is a string of a concatenated list "
+#| "of resource limits. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed "
+#| "by a numerical limit."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits. "
+"Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Où <emphasis>LISTE_DE_LIMITES</emphasis> est une chaîne construite par la "
+"concaténation d'une liste de limites de ressource. Chaque limite consiste en "
+"une lettre (identifiant le type de limite) et une valeur numérique."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "The valid identifiers are:"
+msgstr "Les identifiants possibles sont :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:84
+msgid "A: max address space (KB)"
+msgstr "A : espace d'adressage maximal (en kilo octets)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "C: max core file size (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+"C : taille maximale d'un fichier image de la mémoire (« core », en kilo "
+"octets)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:86
+msgid "D: max data size (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+"D : taille maximale du segment de données d'un programme (en kilo octets)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:87
+msgid "F: maximum file size (KB)"
+msgstr "F : taille maximale des fichiers (en kilo octets)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:90
+msgid "umask"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:88
+msgid "K: file creation mask, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:93
+msgid "I: max nice value (0..39 which translates to 20..-19)"
+msgstr "I : valeur nice maximum (0..39 qui sera traduit en 20..-19)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:95
+msgid "L: max number of logins for this user"
+msgstr "L : nombre maximal de connexions simultanées pour cet utilisateur"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:96
+msgid "M: max locked-in-memory address space (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+"M : taille  maximale de mémoire verrouillée (« locked-in-memory », en kilo "
+"octets)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "N: max number of open files"
+msgstr "N : nombre maximal de fichiers ouverts"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:98
+msgid "O: max real time priority"
+msgstr "O : priorité temps réel maximale"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:101 limits.5.xml.out:188
+msgid "setpriority"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:99
+msgid "P: process priority, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:104
+msgid "R: max resident set size (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+"R : taille maximale de la mémoire résidente (« resident set size », en kilo "
+"octets)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:105
+msgid "S: max stack size (KB)"
+msgstr "S : taille maximale de la pile (en kilo octets)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:106
+msgid "T: max CPU time (MIN)"
+msgstr "T : temps processeur maximal consommé (en minutes)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:107
+msgid "U: max number of processes"
+msgstr "U : nombre maximal de processus"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:111
+msgid "L2D2048N5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:110
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For example, <emphasis remap=\"I\">L2D2048N5</emphasis> is a valid "
+#| "<emphasis>LIMITS_STRING</emphasis>. For reading convenience, the "
+#| "following entries are equivalent:"
+msgid ""
+"For example, <_:emphasis-1/> is a valid <_:emphasis-2/>. For reading "
+"convenience, the following entries are equivalent:"
+msgstr ""
+"Par exemple, <emphasis remap=\"I\">L2D2048N5</emphasis> est une chaîne "
+"<emphasis>LISTE_DE_LIMITES</emphasis> valable. Pour faciliter la lecture, "
+"les entrées suivantes sont équivalentes :"
+
+# NOTE: elle va pas cette chaîne
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: limits.5.xml.out:116
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      username L2D2048N5\n"
+#| "      username L2 D2048 N5\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "username L2D2048N5 username L2 D2048 N5"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      utilisateur L2D2048N5\n"
+"      utilisateur L2 D2048 N5\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: limits.5.xml.out:122 login.1.xml.out:83 login.1.xml.out:91
+#: login.1.xml.out:197 su.1.xml.out:70 su.1.xml.out:82 su.1.xml.out:95
+#: su.1.xml.out:153 su.1.xml.out:155 useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid "username"
+msgstr "nom_utilisateur"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:121
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Be aware that after <emphasis remap=\"I\">username</emphasis> the rest of "
+#| "the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed. An "
+#| "invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the "
+#| "<command>login</command> program."
+msgid ""
+"Be aware that after <_:emphasis-1/> the rest of the line is considered a "
+"limit string, thus comments are not allowed. An invalid limits string will "
+"be rejected (not considered) by the <_:command-2/> program."
+msgstr ""
+"Attention : tout ce qui suit <emphasis remap=\"I\">utilisateur</emphasis> "
+"est considéré comme une limite de chaîne. Les commentaires ne sont pas "
+"autorisés. Une chaîne de limites non valable sera rejetée (non utilisée) par "
+"le programme <command>login</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:129
+msgid "*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:130
+msgid "default"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:131
+msgid "LIMITS_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default entry is denoted by username \"<emphasis>*</emphasis>\". If "
+#| "you have multiple <emphasis remap=\"I\">default</emphasis> entries in "
+#| "your <emphasis>LIMITS_FILE</emphasis>, then the last one will be used as "
+#| "the default entry."
+msgid ""
+"The default entry is denoted by username \"<_:emphasis-1/>\". If you have "
+"multiple <_:emphasis-2/> entries in your <_:emphasis-3/>, then the last one "
+"will be used as the default entry."
+msgstr ""
+"L'entrée par défaut est représentée par un utilisateur dénommé "
+"« <emphasis>*</emphasis> ». Si plusieurs entrées par défaut sont présentes "
+"dans le fichier de limites, alors seule la dernière sera prise en compte."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: limits.5.xml.out:136 limits.5.xml.out:148
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group"
+msgid "@group"
+msgstr "groupe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:135
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The limits specified in the form \"<replaceable>@group</replaceable>\" "
+#| "apply to the members of the specified <replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"The limits specified in the form \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" apply to the members "
+"of the specified <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Les limites précisées sous la forme « <replaceable>@groupe</replaceable> » "
+"s'appliquent aux membres du <replaceable>groupe</replaceable> précisé."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:141
+msgid ""
+"If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for "
+"this user will be considered."
+msgstr ""
+"Si plusieurs lignes avec des limites pour un utilisateur existent, seule la "
+"première ligne pour cet utilisateur sera prise en compte."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:146
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If no lines are specified for a user, the last <replaceable>@group</"
+#| "replaceable> line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be "
+#| "considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the "
+#| "user."
+msgid ""
+"If no lines are specified for a user, the last <_:replaceable-1/> line "
+"matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the "
+"last line with default limits if no groups contain the user."
+msgstr ""
+"Si aucune ligne n'est précisée pour l'utilisateur, la dernière ligne "
+"<replaceable>@group</replaceable> correspondant à un groupe auquel "
+"l'utilisateur appartient sera prise en compte, ou la dernière ligne avec les "
+"limites par défaut si aucun groupe ne contient l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: limits.5.xml.out:155 limits.5.xml.out:160 login.access.5.xml.out:72
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:47 newgrp.1.xml.out:56 sg.1.xml.out:48 su.1.xml.out:67
+#: su.1.xml.out:84 su.1.xml.out:93 su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:152
+msgid "-"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:153
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash \"<emphasis>-</"
+#| "emphasis>\" will do."
+msgid ""
+"To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" "
+"will do."
+msgstr ""
+"Un simple tiret « <emphasis>-</emphasis> » sera suffisant pour désactiver "
+"toute limite à un utilisateur, "
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "To disable a limit for a user, a single dash \"<replaceable>-</"
+#| "replaceable>\" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit."
+msgid ""
+"To disable a limit for a user, a single dash \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" can be "
+"used instead of the numerical value for this limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Afin de désactiver une limite pour un utilisateur, un simple tiret "
+"« <replaceable>-</replaceable> » peut être utilisé au lieu d'une valeur "
+"numérique pour cette limite."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:164
+msgid ""
+"Also, please note that all limit settings are set PER LOGIN. They are not "
+"global, nor are they permanent. Perhaps global limits will come, but for now "
+"this will have to do ;)"
+msgstr ""
+"Notez également que les limites ne sont configurées que PAR CONNEXION. Il "
+"n'y a pas de limite globale ou permanente. Des limites globales pourraient "
+"voir le jour, mais pour l'instant, il faut faire sans."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:191
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/limits"
+msgid "setrlimit"
+msgstr "/etc/limits"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "begin session on the system"
+msgstr "Démarrer une session sur le système"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: login.1.xml.out:81 login.1.xml.out:89 login.1.xml.out:96
+msgid "host"
+msgstr "hôte"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: login.1.xml.out:81 login.1.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-h <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-h <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-h <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: login.1.xml.out:84
+msgid "ENV=VAR"
+msgstr "ENV=VAR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: login.1.xml.out:96
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-r <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-r <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-r <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:105
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "login:"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:109
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "exec login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:102
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>login</command> program is used to establish a new session "
+#| "with the system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to "
+#| "the <emphasis remap=\"I\">login:</emphasis> prompt on the user's "
+#| "terminal. <command>login</command> may be special to the shell and may "
+#| "not be invoked as a sub-process. When called from a shell, "
+#| "<command>login</command> should be executed as <emphasis remap=\"B\">exec "
+#| "login</emphasis> which will cause the user to exit from the current shell "
+#| "(and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of "
+#| "the caller). Attempting to execute <command>login</command> from any "
+#| "shell but the login shell will produce an error message."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program is used to establish a new session with the "
+"system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> prompt on the user's terminal. <_:command-3/> may be special to "
+"the shell and may not be invoked as a sub-process. When called from a shell, "
+"<_:command-4/> should be executed as <_:emphasis-5/> which will cause the "
+"user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in "
+"user to return to the session of the caller). Attempting to execute <_:"
+"command-6/> from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message."
+msgstr ""
+"Le programme <command>login</command> permet d'établir une nouvelle session "
+"sur le système. Il est généralement invoqué après avoir répondu à l'invite "
+"de connexion <emphasis remap=\"I\">login:</emphasis> sur le terminal de "
+"l'utilisateur. <command>login</command> peut être spécifique à "
+"l'interpréteur de commandes et ne devrait pas être invoqué comme un sous-"
+"processus. Lorsqu'il est appelé depuis un interpréteur de commande, "
+"<command>login</command> doit être exécuté comme <emphasis remap=\"B\">>exec "
+"login</emphasis>, ce qui entraîne la sortie de l'interpréteur de commandes "
+"en cours (et ainsi empêche le nouvel utilisateur connecté de retourner à la "
+"session de l'appelant). L'exécution de <command>login</command> depuis un "
+"interpréteur de commandes autre qu'un interpréteur de commandes initial "
+"(« login shell ») produira un message d'erreur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:116
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is "
+#| "disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of "
+#| "password failures are permitted before <command>login</command> exits and "
+#| "the communications link is severed."
+msgid ""
+"The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is "
+"disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of password "
+"failures are permitted before <_:command-1/> exits and the communications "
+"link is severed."
+msgstr ""
+"Un mot de passe est ensuite demandé à l'utilisateur. L'affichage du mot de "
+"passe est désactivé pour éviter de révéler le mot de passe. Seul un petit "
+"nombre d'échecs est permis avant que <command>login</command> ne quitte et "
+"que la liaison ne soit interrompue."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:123
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted "
+#| "for a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to provide your "
+#| "old password and the new password before continuing. Please refer to "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for "
+"a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to provide your old "
+"password and the new password before continuing. Please refer to <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"Si une date de fin de validité du mot de passe a été définie pour ce compte, "
+"un nouveau mot de passe pourra vous être demandé. Votre ancien mot de passe "
+"et votre nouveau mot de passe vous seront alors demandés avant de pouvoir "
+"continuer. Veuillez lire la page de manuel "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry> pour plus d'informations."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:135 login.1.xml.out:341
+msgid "/etc/motd"
+msgstr "/etc/motd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:136
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+msgid ".hushlogin"
+msgstr "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:137
+msgid "You have new mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:138
+msgid "You have mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:139
+msgid "No Mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:132
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and "
+#| "the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of the system message "
+#| "file, <filename>/etc/motd</filename>, by creating a zero-length file "
+#| "<filename>.hushlogin</filename> in your login directory. The mail message "
+#| "will be one of \"<emphasis>You have new mail.</emphasis>\", "
+#| "\"<emphasis>You have mail.</emphasis>\", or \"<emphasis>No Mail.</"
+#| "emphasis>\" according to the condition of your mailbox."
+msgid ""
+"After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and "
+"the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of the system message "
+"file, <_:filename-1/>, by creating a zero-length file <_:filename-2/> in "
+"your login directory. The mail message will be one of \"<_:emphasis-3/>\", "
+"\"<_:emphasis-4/>\", or \"<_:emphasis-5/>\" according to the condition of "
+"your mailbox."
+msgstr ""
+"Après une connexion réussie, vous serez informé des messages du système et "
+"de la présence de courrier. Vous pouvez désactiver l'affichage du message du "
+"système (<filename>/etc/motd</filename>), en créant un fichier vide "
+"<filename>.hushlogin</filename> dans le répertoire de votre compte. Le "
+"message concernant les courriers sera « <emphasis>You have new mail.</"
+"emphasis> », « <emphasis>You have mail.</emphasis> », ou « <emphasis>No Mail."
+"</emphasis> » suivant l'état de votre boîte aux lettres."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 passwd.5.xml.out:126 su.1.xml.out:247
+msgid "$HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 passwd.5.xml.out:133 su.1.xml.out:179 su.1.xml.out:199
+#: su.1.xml.out:247
+msgid "$SHELL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#. (itstool) path: term/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 su.1.xml.out:105 su.1.xml.out:215 su.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "$PATH"
+msgstr "$PATH"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:147 su.1.xml.out:248
+msgid "$LOGNAME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:147 su.1.xml.out:275
+msgid "$MAIL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:143
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the "
+#| "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file. The value for <envar>$HOME</"
+#| "envar>, <envar>$SHELL</envar>, <envar>$PATH</envar>, <envar>$LOGNAME</"
+#| "envar>, and <envar>$MAIL</envar> are set according to the appropriate "
+#| "fields in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be "
+#| "set according to entries in the GECOS field."
+msgid ""
+"Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the <_:"
+"filename-1/> file. The value for <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, "
+"<_:envar-5/>, and <_:envar-6/> are set according to the appropriate fields "
+"in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set "
+"according to entries in the GECOS field."
+msgstr ""
+"Vos identifiants d'utilisateur et de groupe seront définis en fonction des "
+"valeurs spécifiées dans le fichier <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>. Les "
+"valeurs des variables d'environnement <emphasis>$HOME</emphasis>, "
+"<emphasis>$SHELL</emphasis>, <emphasis>$PATH</emphasis>, <emphasis>$LOGNAME</"
+"emphasis>, et <emphasis>$MAIL</emphasis> seront définies en fonction des "
+"champs appropriés de l'entrée qui vous correspond. Les valeurs d'ulimit, "
+"d'umask et de nice pourront également être affectées en fonction des entrées "
+"du champ GECOS."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:154 su.1.xml.out:264
+msgid "$TERM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:155 login.1.xml.out:353
+msgid "/etc/ttytype"
+msgstr "/etc/ttytype"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "On some installations, the environmental variable <envar>$TERM</envar> "
+#| "will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified "
+#| "in <filename>/etc/ttytype</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"On some installations, the environmental variable <_:envar-1/> will be "
+"initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in <_:"
+"filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Sur certains systèmes, la variable d'environnement <emphasis>$TERM</"
+"emphasis> sera initialisée au type de terminal de votre tty, comme spécifié "
+"dans <filename>/etc/ttytype</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"An initialization script for your command interpreter may also be executed. "
+"Please see the appropriate manual section for more information on this "
+"function."
+msgstr ""
+"Un script d'initialisation pour votre interpréteur de commandes pourra "
+"également être exécuté. Veuillez vous référer à la section de manuel "
+"appropriée pour plus d'informations sur cette fonctionnalité."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:164 su.1.xml.out:112
+msgid ""
+"A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a \"*\" as the first "
+"character of the login shell. The given home directory will be used as the "
+"root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into."
+msgstr ""
+"Une connexion à un sous-système est indiquée par la présence d'un « * » "
+"comme premier caractère de l'interpréteur de commandes initial. Le "
+"répertoire personnel sera utilisé comme racine d'un nouveau système de "
+"fichiers dans lequel l'utilisateur sera connecté."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:173 login.1.xml.out:249 login.1.xml.out:401
+msgid "getty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:175 login.1.xml.out:251
+msgid "init"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:178 login.1.xml.out:254
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:170 login.1.xml.out:246
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>login</command> program is NOT responsible for removing "
+#| "users from the utmp file. It is the responsibility of "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to clean up "
+#| "apparent ownership of a terminal session. If you use <command>login</"
+#| "command> from the shell prompt without <command>exec</command>, the user "
+#| "you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of "
+#| "the \"subsession\"."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program is NOT responsible for removing users from the "
+"utmp file. It is the responsibility of <_:citerefentry-2/> and <_:"
+"citerefentry-3/> to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session. If "
+"you use <_:command-4/> from the shell prompt without <_:command-5/>, the "
+"user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out "
+"of the \"subsession\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Le programme <command>login</command> n'est PAS responsable de la "
+"suppression d'utilisateurs dans le fichier utmp. Les responsables du "
+"nettoyage de l'appartenance des sessions de terminal sont "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry> et <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Si vous utilisez "
+"<command>login</command> depuis un interpréteur de commandes sans "
+"<command>exec</command>, l'utilisateur que vous utilisez continuera à "
+"apparaître comme étant connecté même après s'être déconnecté de cette « sous-"
+"session »."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:193
+msgid "Do not perform authentication, user is preauthenticated."
+msgstr "Ne pas réaliser d'authentification. L'utilisateur est pré-authentifié."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:196
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: In that case, <replaceable>username</replaceable> is mandatory."
+msgid "Note: In that case, <_:replaceable-1/> is mandatory."
+msgstr ""
+"Remarque : Dans ce cas, <replaceable>username</replaceable> est nécessaire."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:207
+msgid "Name of the remote host for this login."
+msgstr "Nom de l'hôte distant pour cette connexion."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:215
+msgid "Preserve environment."
+msgstr "Préserver l'environnement."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:223
+msgid "Perform autologin protocol for rlogin."
+msgstr ""
+"Exécuter le protocole de connexion automatique (autologin) pour rlogin."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:228
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> and <option>-f</option> "
+#| "options are only used when <command>login</command> is invoked by root."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> options are only used "
+"when <_:command-4/> is invoked by root."
+msgstr ""
+"Les options <option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> et <option>-f</option> "
+"ne peuvent être utilisées que par root."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:237 su.1.xml.out:307
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This version of <command>su</command> has many compilation options, only "
+#| "some of which may be in use at any particular site."
+msgid ""
+"This version of <_:command-1/> has many compilation options, only some of "
+"which may be in use at any particular site."
+msgstr ""
+"Cette version de <command>su</command> a de nombreuses options de "
+"compilation. Seules certaines d'entre elles peuvent avoir été activées sur "
+"votre site."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:242
+msgid ""
+"The location of files is subject to differences in system configuration."
+msgstr ""
+"L'emplacement des fichiers peut varier suivant la configuration du système."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:258
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As with any program, <command>login</command>'s appearance can be faked. "
+#| "If non-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could "
+#| "use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front "
+#| "of the machine. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to "
+#| "initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack."
+msgid ""
+"As with any program, <_:command-1/>'s appearance can be faked. If non-"
+"trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this "
+"to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the "
+"machine. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a "
+"trusted path and prevent this kind of attack."
+msgstr ""
+"Comme pour n'importe quel programme, l'apparence de <command>login</command> "
+"peut être imitée. Si des utilisateurs non sûrs ont un accès physique à la "
+"machine, un attaquant pourrait utiliser cet accès pour obtenir le mot de "
+"passe de la personne qui s'assiérait ensuite face à l'écran. Sous Linux, le "
+"mécanisme SAK peut être utilisé par les utilisateurs pour initier un chemin "
+"de confiance et prévenir ce genre d'attaques."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:317 logoutd.8.xml.out:56 logoutd.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "/var/run/utmp"
+msgstr "/var/run/utmp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:319 logoutd.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "List of current login sessions."
+msgstr "Liste des sessions de connexion en cours."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:323
+msgid "/var/log/wtmp"
+msgstr "/var/log/wtmp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:325
+msgid "List of previous login sessions."
+msgstr "Liste des sessions de connexion précédentes."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:343
+msgid "System message of the day file."
+msgstr "Fichier contenant le message du système."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:347
+msgid "/etc/nologin"
+msgstr "/etc/nologin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:349
+msgid "Prevent non-root users from logging in."
+msgstr "Empêcher les utilisateurs non-root de se connecter."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:355
+msgid "List of terminal types."
+msgstr "Liste des types de terminaux."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:359
+msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+msgstr "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:361
+msgid "Suppress printing of system messages."
+msgstr "Supprimer l'affichage des messages du système."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:377
+msgid "mail"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:383 su.1.xml.out:424
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "chsh"
+msgid "sh"
+msgstr "chsh"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:386 login.defs.5.xml.out:436 login.defs.5.xml.out:520
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:536 newgrp.1.xml.out:136 passwd.5.xml.out:197
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:283 sg.1.xml.out:128 su.1.xml.out:50 su.1.xml.out:57
+#: su.1.xml.out:62 su.1.xml.out:81 su.1.xml.out:83 su.1.xml.out:121
+#: su.1.xml.out:201 su.1.xml.out:239 su.1.xml.out:308 su.1.xml.out:368
+#: su.1.xml.out:372 su.1.xml.out:377 su.1.xml.out:381 suauth.5.xml.out:201
+msgid "su"
+msgstr "su"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:392 nologin.8.xml.out:22 nologin.8.xml.out:29
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:35 nologin.8.xml.out:42 nologin.8.xml.out:48
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:63 nologin.8.xml.out:71
+msgid "nologin"
+msgstr "nologin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:398
+msgid "securetty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:16 pwconv.8.xml.out:21 suauth.5.xml.out:15
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:17
+msgid "Marek"
+msgstr "Marek"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:17 pwconv.8.xml.out:22 suauth.5.xml.out:16
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:18
+msgid "Michałkiewicz"
+msgstr "Michałkiewicz"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:34 login.access.5.xml.out:41
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:48 login.access.5.xml.out:54
+msgid "login.access"
+msgstr "login.access"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:42
+msgid "login access control table"
+msgstr "table de contrôle des connexions"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:47
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis remap=\"I\">login.access</emphasis> file specifies (user, "
+#| "host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will "
+#| "be either accepted or refused."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, "
+"tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused."
+msgstr ""
+"Le fichier <emphasis remap=\"I\">login.access</emphasis> permet de spécifier "
+"des paires (utilisateur, hôte) et/ou (utilisateur, tty) pour lesquelles "
+"toute connexion sera soit acceptée soit refusée."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:53
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When someone logs in, the <emphasis remap=\"I\">login.access</emphasis> "
+#| "is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, "
+#| "or, in case of non-networked logins, the first entry that matches the "
+#| "(user, tty) combination. The permissions field of that table entry "
+#| "determines whether the login will be accepted or refused."
+msgid ""
+"When someone logs in, the <_:emphasis-1/> is scanned for the first entry "
+"that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non-networked "
+"logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination. The "
+"permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be "
+"accepted or refused."
+msgstr ""
+"Lorsqu'un utilisateur se connecte, le fichier <emphasis remap=\"I\">login."
+"access</emphasis> est lu jusqu'à la première entrée correspondant à la paire "
+"(utilisateur, hôte) ou, dans le cas d'une connexion ne passant pas par le "
+"réseau, à la première entrée correspondant au couple (utilisateur, tty). Le "
+"champ des permissions de la table pour cette entrée détermine alors si la "
+"connexion doit être acceptée ou refusée."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"Each line of the login access control table has three fields separated by a "
+"\":\" character:"
+msgstr ""
+"Chaque ligne de la table de contrôle des connexions (« login access control "
+"table ») est composée de trois champs séparés par le caractère « : » :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "permission denied"
+msgid "permission"
+msgstr "permission refusée"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "users"
+msgstr "utilisateur"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+msgid "origins"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>:<_:emphasis-3/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:71
+msgid "+"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:74 login.access.5.xml.out:78 suauth.5.xml.out:78
+msgid "ALL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/literal
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:76 login.access.5.xml.out:77
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:80
+msgid "."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "LOCAL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The first field should be a \"<emphasis>+</emphasis>\" (access granted) "
+#| "or \"<emphasis>-</emphasis>\" (access denied) character. The second field "
+#| "should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or "
+#| "<emphasis>ALL</emphasis> (always matches). The third field should be a "
+#| "list of one or more tty names (for non-networked logins), host names, "
+#| "domain names (begin with \"<literal>.</literal>\"), host addresses, "
+#| "internet network numbers (end with \"<literal>.</literal>\"), "
+#| "<emphasis>ALL</emphasis> (always matches) or <emphasis>LOCAL</emphasis> "
+#| "(matches any string that does not contain a \"<literal>.</literal>\" "
+#| "character). If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user "
+#| "patterns."
+msgid ""
+"The first field should be a \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" (access granted) or \"<_:"
+"emphasis-2/>\" (access denied) character. The second field should be a list "
+"of one or more login names, group names, or <_:emphasis-3/> (always "
+"matches). The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non-"
+"networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with \"<_:literal-4/>\"), "
+"host addresses, internet network numbers (end with \"<_:literal-5/>\"), <_:"
+"emphasis-6/> (always matches) or <_:emphasis-7/> (matches any string that "
+"does not contain a \"<_:literal-8/>\" character). If you run NIS you can use "
+"@netgroupname in host or user patterns."
+msgstr ""
+"Le premier champ est soit un « <emphasis>+</emphasis> » (accès autorisé), "
+"soit un « <emphasis>-</emphasis> » (accès refusé). Le second champ est une "
+"liste d'un ou plusieurs noms d'utilisateurs ou de groupes, ou <emphasis>ALL</"
+"emphasis> (correspond à tous les utilisateurs). Le troisième champ est une "
+"liste d'un ou plusieurs noms de tty (pour les connexions hors réseau), noms "
+"d'hôtes, noms de domaines (commençant par un « <literal>.</literal> »), "
+"adresses d'hôte, adresses de sous-réseau (terminant par un « <literal>.</"
+"literal> »), <emphasis>ALL</emphasis> (pour spécifier n'importe quelle "
+"connexion), ou <emphasis>LOCAL</emphasis> (correspond à n'importe quelle "
+"chaîne ne contenant pas de « <literal>.</literal> »). Si vous utilisez NIS, "
+"vous pouvez utiliser @nomdegroupe pour les motifs d'utilisateur et d'hôte."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "EXCEPT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:84
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis>EXCEPT</emphasis> operator makes it possible to write very "
+#| "compact rules."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> operator makes it possible to write very compact rules."
+msgstr ""
+"L'opérateur <emphasis>EXCEPT</emphasis> permet d'écrire des règles très "
+"compactes."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:89
+msgid ""
+"The group file is searched only when a name does not match that of the "
+"logged-in user. Only groups are matched in which users are explicitly "
+"listed: the program does not look at a user's primary group id value."
+msgstr ""
+"Le fichier d'informations sur les groupes (/etc/group) n'est utilisé que "
+"lorsqu'un nom ne correspond à aucun des utilisateurs connectés. Seuls les "
+"groupes pour lesquels la liste des utilisateurs est spécifiée sont "
+"utilisés : le programme ne recherche pas parmi les groupes primaires des "
+"utilisateurs."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:110 porttime.5.xml.out:119 suauth.5.xml.out:199
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "shadow password suite configuration"
+msgstr "configuration de la suite des mots de passe cachés « shadow password »"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:115
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> file defines the site-specific "
+#| "configuration for the shadow password suite. This file is required. "
+#| "Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably "
+#| "result in undesirable operation."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:filename-1/> file defines the site-specific configuration for the "
+"shadow password suite. This file is required. Absence of this file will not "
+"prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation."
+msgstr ""
+"Le fichier <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> définit la configuration de "
+"la suite shadow password (mots de passe cachés) pour le système. Ce fichier "
+"est indispensable. Son absence n'empêchera pas le système de fonctionner, "
+"mais aura probablement des conséquences indésirables."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:122
+msgid ""
+"This file is a readable text file, each line of the file describing one "
+"configuration parameter. The lines consist of a configuration name and "
+"value, separated by whitespace. Blank lines and comment lines are ignored. "
+"Comments are introduced with a \"#\" pound sign and the pound sign must be "
+"the first non-white character of the line."
+msgstr ""
+"Ce fichier est un fichier texte, dont chaque ligne décrit un paramètre de "
+"configuration. Les lignes consistent en un nom et une valeur, séparés par "
+"une espace. Les lignes blanches et les lignes de commentaires sont ignorées. "
+"Les commentaires commencent par un caractère « # », qui doit être le premier "
+"caractère non blanc de la ligne."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:133 useradd.8.xml.out:242 useradd.8.xml.out:380
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:87 userdel.8.xml.out:297
+msgid "yes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:140
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "0"
+msgid "0x"
+msgstr "0"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:130
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and "
+#| "long numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters. A "
+#| "boolean should be either the value <replaceable>yes</replaceable> or "
+#| "<replaceable>no</replaceable>. An undefined boolean parameter or one with "
+#| "a value other than these will be given a <replaceable>no</replaceable> "
+#| "value. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, "
+#| "octal values (precede the value with <replaceable>0</replaceable>) or "
+#| "hexadecimal values (precede the value with <replaceable>0x</"
+#| "replaceable>). The maximum value of the regular and long numeric "
+#| "parameters is machine-dependent."
+msgid ""
+"Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long "
+"numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters. A boolean should "
+"be either the value <_:replaceable-1/> or <_:replaceable-2/>. An undefined "
+"boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a <_:"
+"replaceable-3/> value. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal "
+"values, octal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-4/>) or "
+"hexadecimal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-5/>). The maximum "
+"value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine-dependent."
+msgstr ""
+"Les valeurs des paramètres sont de quatre types : chaînes de caractères, "
+"booléens, nombres et nombres longs. Une chaîne de caractères est constituée "
+"de n'importe quels caractères imprimables. Un booléen est soit "
+"<replaceable>yes</replaceable> (oui), soit <replaceable>no</replaceable> "
+"(non). Un paramètre booléen non défini, ou défini avec une valeur autre que "
+"celles-là prendra la valeur <replaceable>no</replaceable>. Un nombre (normal "
+"ou long) peut être soit décimal, soit octal (en précédant la valeur d'un "
+"<replaceable>0</replaceable>), ou encore hexadécimal (en précédant la valeur "
+"de <replaceable>0x</replaceable>). La valeur maximale des paramètres "
+"numériques normaux ou longs dépend de la machine."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:145
+msgid "The following configuration items are provided:"
+msgstr "Les paramètres de configuration suivants sont fournis :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:193 pwconv.8.xml.out:146 useradd.8.xml.out:309
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:314
+msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:193 pwconv.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "PASS_MIN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:194 pwconv.8.xml.out:147
+msgid "PASS_WARN_AGE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: variablelist/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:192
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option>, <option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> and "
+#| "<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> are only used at the time of account "
+#| "creation. Any changes to these settings won't affect existing accounts."
+msgid ""
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> are only used at the time of "
+"account creation. Any changes to these settings won't affect existing "
+"accounts."
+msgstr ""
+"Les paramètres <option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option>, <option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</"
+"option> et <option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> ne sont utilisés qu'au moment de "
+"la création d'un compte. Les changements n'affecteront pas les comptes "
+"existants."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:225
+msgid "CROSS REFERENCES"
+msgstr "RÉFÉRENCES CROISÉES"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:226
+msgid ""
+"The following cross references show which programs in the shadow password "
+"suite use which parameters."
+msgstr ""
+"Les références croisées ci-dessous montrent quels sont les paramètres "
+"utilisés par les différents programmes de la suite shadow password."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:235 login.defs.5.xml.out:423 login.defs.5.xml.out:431
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:503 pwck.8.xml.out:75 pwck.8.xml.out:216
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:232 pwconv.8.xml.out:89 pwconv.8.xml.out:91
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:94 pwconv.8.xml.out:105 pwconv.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "USE_TCB"
+msgstr "USE_TCB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:242
+msgid "CHFN_AUTH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:244 login.defs.5.xml.out:359
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+msgid "LOGIN_STRING"
+msgstr "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:241
+msgid "<_:phrase-1/> CHFN_RESTRICT <_:phrase-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:253 login.defs.5.xml.out:264 login.defs.5.xml.out:284
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:388 login.defs.5.xml.out:404
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgstr "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:251 login.defs.5.xml.out:282
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <phrase "
+"condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:262
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgstr "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:272
+msgid "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+msgstr "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:292
+msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN"
+msgstr "GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:301 login.defs.5.xml.out:307 login.defs.5.xml.out:313
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:320 login.defs.5.xml.out:326 login.defs.5.xml.out:332
+msgid "MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP"
+msgstr "MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:330 pwconv.8.xml.out:49 pwconv.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:119 pwconv.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:167
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "grpunconv"
+msgstr "grpunconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:339
+msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:346 login.defs.5.xml.out:439
+msgid "CONSOLE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:348
+msgid "ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:351
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+msgid "FAILLOG_ENAB"
+msgstr "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:353
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "FILE"
+msgid "FTMP_FILE"
+msgstr "FICHIER"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:355
+msgid "ISSUE_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:357
+msgid "LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:361
+msgid ""
+"MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE "
+"PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:365
+msgid "ULIMIT UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:345
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY "
+"<_:phrase-3/> FAKE_SHELL <_:phrase-4/> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <_:phrase-5/> KILLCHAR "
+"<_:phrase-6/> LOGIN_RETRIES <_:phrase-7/> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+"LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <_:phrase-8/> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <_:phrase-9/> "
+"USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:372
+msgid "newgrp / sg"
+msgstr "newgrp / sg"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:374
+msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+msgstr "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:382
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
+#| "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</"
+#| "phrase> SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX "
+#| "SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX "
+#| "UID_MIN UMASK"
+msgid ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
+"HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/> "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
+"PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+"condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase> "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:401
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
+#| "PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
+msgid ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
+"PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
+"PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <phrase "
+"condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:414
+msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:412 login.defs.5.xml.out:421
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\">USE_TCB</phrase>"
+msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase condition=\"tcb\">USE_TCB</"
+"phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:419 passwd.5.xml.out:188 pwconv.8.xml.out:39
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:46 pwconv.8.xml.out:55 pwconv.8.xml.out:83
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:88 pwconv.8.xml.out:90 pwconv.8.xml.out:134
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:144 pwconv.8.xml.out:165 pwconv.8.xml.out:216
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:277
+msgid "pwconv"
+msgstr "pwconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:428 passwd.5.xml.out:191 pwconv.8.xml.out:47
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:61 pwconv.8.xml.out:98 pwconv.8.xml.out:104
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:109 pwconv.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:157
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:166 shadow.5.xml.out:280
+msgid "pwunconv"
+msgstr "pwunconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:441
+msgid "ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:443
+msgid "ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:446
+msgid "SU_WHEEL_ONLY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:438
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH "
+"<_:phrase-3/> SULOG_FILE SU_NAME <_:phrase-4/> SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <_:phrase-5/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:453 passwd.5.xml.out:200 shadow.5.xml.out:286
+msgid "sulogin"
+msgstr "sulogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:457 su.1.xml.out:278
+msgid "ENV_TZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:455
+msgid "ENV_HZ <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:475
+msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:464
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS "
+#| "PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN "
+#| "SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX "
+#| "SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB</phrase>"
+msgid ""
+"CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR "
+"MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <_:"
+"phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS "
+"PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN "
+"SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX "
+"SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <phrase condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP "
+"TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:485 login.defs.5.xml.out:495
+msgid "TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:482
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB "
+#| "<phrase condition=\"tcb\">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+msgid ""
+"MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB <_:"
+"phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB <phrase "
+"condition=\"tcb\">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:492
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <phrase "
+"condition=\"tcb\">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:500 vipw.8.xml.out:35 vipw.8.xml.out:42
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:51 vipw.8.xml.out:67 vipw.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "vipw"
+msgstr "vipw"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:511 pwconv.8.xml.out:193 suauth.5.xml.out:179
+msgid "BUGS"
+msgstr "BOGUES"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:512
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow password "
+#| "suite is now handled by PAM. Thus, <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+#| "is no longer used by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, or less used by "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Please refer to "
+#| "the corresponding PAM configuration files instead."
+msgid ""
+"Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow password "
+"suite is now handled by PAM. Thus, <_:filename-1/> is no longer used by <_:"
+"citerefentry-2/>, or less used by <_:citerefentry-3/>, and <_:citerefentry-4/"
+">. Please refer to the corresponding PAM configuration files instead."
+msgstr ""
+"La plupart des fonctionnalités qui étaient fournies par les mots de passe "
+"cachés (« shadow password ») sont désormais gérées par PAM. De ce fait, "
+"<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> n'est plus utilisé par "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry> et moins utilisé par <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> et "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>. Veuillez plutôt vous référer aux fichiers de configuration de "
+"PAM correspondant."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:545
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "pw_name"
+msgid "pam"
+msgstr "pw_name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:528
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:33 logoutd.8.xml.out:40 logoutd.8.xml.out:46
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:53 logoutd.8.xml.out:55
+msgid "logoutd"
+msgstr "logoutd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "enforce login time restrictions"
+msgstr "Imposer les restrictions de connexion dans le temps"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:54 logoutd.8.xml.out:60 logoutd.8.xml.out:68
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:87 porttime.5.xml.out:109
+msgid "/etc/porttime"
+msgstr "/etc/porttime"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:56
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/group"
+msgid "/etc/rc"
+msgstr "/etc/group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:52
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>logoutd</command> enforces the login time and port restrictions "
+#| "specified in <filename>/etc/porttime</filename>. <command>logoutd</"
+#| "command> should be started from <filename>/etc/rc</filename>. The "
+#| "<filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> file is scanned periodically and each "
+#| "user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named "
+#| "port at the current time. Any login session which is violating the "
+#| "restrictions in <filename>/etc/porttime</filename> is terminated."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in <_:"
+"filename-2/>. <_:command-3/> should be started from <_:filename-4/>. The <_:"
+"filename-5/> file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to "
+"see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time. "
+"Any login session which is violating the restrictions in <_:filename-6/> is "
+"terminated."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>logoutd</command> impose les restrictions (sur les ports, la date "
+"et l'heure de connexion) spécifiées dans <filename>/etc/porttime</filename>. "
+"<command>logoutd</command> doit être démarré depuis <filename>/etc/rc</"
+"filename>. Il analyse le fichier <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> "
+"régulièrement et, pour chaque utilisateur, il vérifie que ce nom "
+"d'utilisateur est autorisé à être connecté à ce port à ce moment. Toute "
+"session en violation avec les restrictions de <filename>/etc/porttime</"
+"filename> est terminée."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:70 porttime.5.xml.out:111
+msgid "File containing port access."
+msgstr "Fichier contenant le port d'accès."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "log in to a new group"
+msgstr "se connecter avec un nouveau groupe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:54
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>newgrp</command> command is used to change the current group "
+#| "ID during a login session. If the optional <option>-</option> flag is "
+#| "given, the user's environment will be reinitialized as though the user "
+#| "had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current "
+#| "working directory, remains unchanged."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to change the current group ID during a "
+"login session. If the optional <_:option-2/> flag is given, the user's "
+"environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, "
+"otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, "
+"remains unchanged."
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>newgrp</command> permet de changer l'identifiant de "
+"groupe de l'utilisateur au cours d'une session. Si l'option <option>-</"
+"option> est fournie, l'environnement de l'utilisateur est réinitialisé, "
+"comme si l'utilisateur venait de se connecter. Sinon, l'environnement "
+"actuel, y compris le répertoire de travail actuel est conservé."
+
+# NOTE:
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:62
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>newgrp</command> changes the current real group ID to the named "
+#| "group, or to the default group listed in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> "
+#| "if no group name is given. <command>newgrp</command> also tries to add "
+#| "the group to the user groupset. If not root, the user will be prompted "
+#| "for a password if she does not have a password (in <filename>/etc/shadow</"
+#| "filename> if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> otherwise) and the group does, or if the "
+#| "user is not listed as a member and the group has a password. The user "
+#| "will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not "
+#| "listed as a member."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to "
+"the default group listed in <_:filename-2/> if no group name is given. <_:"
+"command-3/> also tries to add the group to the user groupset. If not root, "
+"the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in "
+"<_:filename-4/> if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or "
+"in <_:filename-5/> otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not "
+"listed as a member and the group has a password. The user will be denied "
+"access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>newgrp</command> change l'identifiant de groupe réel actuel à la "
+"valeur du groupe indiqué, ou au groupe par défaut défini dans <filename>/etc/"
+"passwd</filename> si aucun nom de groupe n'est fourni. <command>newgrp</"
+"command> essaiera également d'ajouter le groupe à l'ensemble des groupes de "
+"l'utilisateur. Si l'utilisateur n'est pas superutilisateur, un mot de passe "
+"lui sera demandé s'il n'utilise pas de mot de passe (dans <filename>/etc/"
+"shadow</filename>, si cet utilisateur a une entrée dans le fichier des mots "
+"de passe cachés, ou dans <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> sinon), mais que "
+"le groupe en a un, ou si l'utilisateur n'est pas dans la liste des membres "
+"de ce groupe et que ce groupe utilise un mot de passe. L'accès sera refusé "
+"si le mot de passe du groupe est vide et que l'utilisateur ne fait pas "
+"partie de ses membres."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:76
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If there is an entry for this group in <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, "
+#| "then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken "
+#| "from this file, otherwise, the entry in <filename>/etc/group</filename> "
+#| "is considered."
+msgid ""
+"If there is an entry for this group in <_:filename-1/>, then the list of "
+"members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, "
+"otherwise, the entry in <_:filename-2/> is considered."
+msgstr ""
+"S'il y a une entrée pour ce groupe dans <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, "
+"alors la liste des membres et le mot de passe de ce groupe seront pris dans "
+"ce fichier, sinon, l'entrée du fichier <filename>/etc/group</filename> est "
+"utilisée."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:130 sg.1.xml.out:119
+msgid "id"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "update and create new users in batch"
+msgstr "Mettre à jour, ou créer de nouveaux utilisateurs par lots"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>newusers</command> command reads a <replaceable>file</"
+#| "replaceable> (or the standard input by default) and uses this information "
+#| "to update a set of existing users or to create new users. Each line is in "
+#| "the same format as the standard password file (see "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>) with the exceptions explained below:"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a <_:replaceable-2/> (or the standard input "
+"by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or "
+"to create new users. Each line is in the same format as the standard "
+"password file (see <_:citerefentry-3/>) with the exceptions explained below:"
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>newusers</command> lit un "
+"<replaceable>fichier<replaceable> (ou l'entrée standard par défaut) et "
+"utilise ces informations pour mettre à jour un groupe d'utilisateurs "
+"existants ou pour créer de nouveaux utilisateurs. Chaque ligne est au même "
+"format que le fichier des mots de passe (consultez "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>) avec les exceptions suivantes :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell"
+msgstr "pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:87
+msgid "pw_name"
+msgstr "pw_name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:90
+msgid "This is the name of the user."
+msgstr "C'est le nom de l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:93
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a "
+#| "user created before by <command>newusers</command>). In case of an "
+#| "existing user, the user's information will be changed, otherwise a new "
+#| "user will be created."
+msgid ""
+"It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>). In case of an existing user, the user's "
+"information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Il peut s'agir du nom d'un nouvel utilisateur ou du nom d'un utilisateur "
+"existant (ou d'un utilisateur créé précédemment par <command>newusers</"
+"command>). Dans le cas d'un utilisateur existant, les informations de "
+"l'utilisateur seront modifiées, sinon un nouvel utilisateur sera créé."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "pw_passwd"
+msgstr "pw_passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:107
+msgid ""
+"This field will be encrypted and used as the new value of the encrypted "
+"password."
+msgstr ""
+"Ce champ sera chiffré et utilisé comme nouvelle valeur du mot de passe "
+"chiffré."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "pw_uid"
+msgstr "pw_uid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "This field is used to define the UID of the user."
+msgstr "Ce champ est utilisé pour définir l'UID de l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:121
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically "
+#| "by <command>newusers</command>."
+msgid ""
+"If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by "
+"<_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Si ce champ est vide, un nouvel UID (non utilisé) sera défini "
+"automatiquement par <command>newusers</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "If this field contains a number, this number will be used as the UID."
+msgstr "Si ce champ contient un nombre, ce nombre sera utilisé comme UID."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a "
+#| "user created before by <command>newusers</command>), the UID of the "
+#| "specified user will be used."
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>), the UID of the specified user will be "
+"used."
+msgstr ""
+"Si ce champ contient le nom d'un utilisateur existant (ou le nom d'un "
+"utilisateur créé précédemment par <command>newusers</command>), l'UID de "
+"l'utilisateur indiqué sera utilisé."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"If the UID of an existing user is changed, the files ownership of the user's "
+"file should be fixed manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Si l'UID d'un utilisateur existant est modifié, vous devrez configurer vous-"
+"même le propriétaire des fichiers de l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:143
+msgid "pw_gid"
+msgstr "pw_gid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "This field is used to define the primary group ID for the user."
+msgstr ""
+"Ce champ est utilisé pour définir l'identifiant du groupe primaire de "
+"l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:149
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created "
+#| "before by <command>newusers</command>), the GID of this group will be "
+#| "used as the primary group ID for the user."
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created "
+"before by <_:command-1/>), the GID of this group will be used as the primary "
+"group ID for the user."
+msgstr ""
+"Si ce champ contient le nom d'un groupe existant (ou d'un groupe créé "
+"précédemment par <command>newusers</command>), le GID de ce groupe sera "
+"utilisé comme identifiant de groupe primaire pour l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:155
+msgid ""
+"If this field is a number, this number will be used as the primary group ID "
+"of the user. If no groups exist with this GID, a new group will be created "
+"with this GID, and the name of the user."
+msgstr ""
+"Si ce champ est un nombre, ce nombre sera utilisé comme identifiant de "
+"groupe primaire de cet utilisateur. Si aucun groupe n'existe avec ce GID, un "
+"nouveau groupe sera créé avec ce GID et le nom de l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:161
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the "
+#| "user and a GID will be automatically defined by <command>newusers</"
+#| "command> to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID "
+#| "for the new group."
+msgid ""
+"If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the "
+"user and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-1/> to be used as "
+"the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group."
+msgstr ""
+"Si ce champ est vide, un nouveau groupe sera créé avec le nom de "
+"l'utilisateur et un GID sera automatiquement défini par <command>newusers</"
+"command> pour être utilisé comme identifiant de groupe primaire pour "
+"l'utilisateur et comme GID pour le nouveau groupe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:167
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was "
+#| "not created before by <command>newusers</command>), a new group will be "
+#| "created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined "
+#| "by <command>newusers</command> to be used as the primary group ID for the "
+#| "user and GID for the new group."
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>), a new group will be created with the "
+"specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-2/> to "
+"be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group."
+msgstr ""
+"Si le champ contient le nom d'un groupe qui n'existe pas (et qui n'a pas été "
+"créé précédemment par <command>newusers</command>), un nouveau groupe sera "
+"créé avec le nom indiqué et un GID sera automatiquement défini par "
+"<command>newusers</command> pour être utilisé comme identifiant de groupe "
+"primaire pour l'utilisateur et comme identifiant pour le nouveau groupe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:179
+msgid "pw_gecos"
+msgstr "pw_gecos"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:182
+msgid "This field is copied in the GECOS field of the user."
+msgstr "Ce champ est copié dans le champ GECOS de l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "pw_dir"
+msgstr "pw_dir"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:192
+msgid "This field is used to define the home directory of the user."
+msgstr ""
+"Ce champ est utilisé pour définir le répertoire personnel de l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "newusers does not create parent directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified "
+"directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or "
+"updated and its primary group. Note that <_:emphasis-1/> of the new user's "
+"home directory. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory "
+"if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr "
+"informing the user of the failure. The newusers command will not halt or "
+"return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home "
+"directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:208
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the home directory of an existing user is changed, <command>newusers</"
+#| "command> does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the "
+#| "new location. This should be done manually."
+msgid ""
+"If the home directory of an existing user is changed, <_:command-1/> does "
+"not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location. This "
+"should be done manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Si le répertoire personnel d'un utilisateur existant est modifié, "
+"<command>newusers</command> ne déplace ni ne copie le contenu de l'ancien "
+"répertoire personnel à la nouvelle place. Vous devrez effectuer cela vous-"
+"même."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:218
+msgid "pw_shell"
+msgstr "pw_shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:221
+msgid ""
+"This field defines the shell of the user. No checks are performed on this "
+"field."
+msgstr ""
+"Ce champ définit l'interpréteur de commande de l'utilisateur. Aucune "
+"vérification n'est effectuée sur ce champ."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:229
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>newusers</command> first tries to create or change all the "
+#| "specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group "
+#| "databases. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the "
+#| "databases), no changes are committed to the databases."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> first tries to create or change all the specified users, and "
+"then write these changes to the user or group databases. If an error occurs "
+"(except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to "
+"the databases."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>newusers</command> essayera d'abord de créer ou de modifier tous "
+"les utilisateurs indiqués puis écrira ces modifications dans les bases de "
+"données d'utilisateurs et de groupes. Si une erreur survient (en dehors de "
+"l'écriture finale des bases de données), aucune modification ne sera "
+"propagée dans les bases de données."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:235
+msgid ""
+"During this first pass, users are created with a locked password (and "
+"passwords are not changed for the users which are not created). A second "
+"pass is used to update the passwords using PAM. Failures to update a "
+"password are reported, but will not stop the other password updates."
+msgstr ""
+"Lors du premier passage, les utilisateurs sont créés avec un mot de passe "
+"verrouillé (les mots de passe ne sont pas modifiés pour les utilisateurs non "
+"créés). Un second passage est utilisé pour mettre à jour les mots de passe "
+"en utilisant PAM. Les échecs de mise à jour des mots de passe sont signalés, "
+"mais n'empêchent pas les mises à jour des autres mots de passe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:243
+msgid ""
+"This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many "
+"accounts are updated at a single time."
+msgstr ""
+"Cette commande a été conçue pour les gros systèmes pour lesquels un grand "
+"nombre de comptes sont mis à jour en même temps."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:257 pwck.8.xml.out:164 useradd.8.xml.out:108
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:89
+msgid "--badname"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:260 pwck.8.xml.out:167 useradd.8.xml.out:111
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "Allow names that do not conform to standards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:290 useradd.8.xml.out:459
+msgid "Create a system account."
+msgstr "Créer un compte système."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:297 useradd.8.xml.out:466 usermod.8.xml.out:398
+msgid "SYS_UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:297 useradd.8.xml.out:466 usermod.8.xml.out:398
+msgid "SYS_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:308 useradd.8.xml.out:319
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:468 useradd.8.xml.out:538 usermod.8.xml.out:397
+msgid "UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:308 useradd.8.xml.out:321
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:468 useradd.8.xml.out:543 usermod.8.xml.out:397
+msgid "UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:293 useradd.8.xml.out:462
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "System users will be created with no aging information in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "shadow</filename>, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the "
+#| "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> range, defined "
+#| "in <filename>login.defs</filename>, instead of <option>UID_MIN</option>-"
+#| "<option>UID_MAX</option> (and their <option>GID</option> counterparts for "
+#| "the creation of groups)."
+msgid ""
+"System users will be created with no aging information in <_:filename-1/>, "
+"and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the <_:option-2/>-<_:option-3/> "
+"range, defined in <_:filename-4/>, instead of <_:option-5/>-<_:option-6/> "
+"(and their <_:option-7/> counterparts for the creation of groups)."
+msgstr ""
+"Les utilisateurs système seront créés sans information d'âge dans <filename>/"
+"etc/shadow</filename> et leurs identifiants numériques sont choisis dans "
+"l'intervalle <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>, "
+"défini dans <filename>login.defs</filename>, au lieu de <option>UID_MIN</"
+"option>-<option>UID_MAX</option> (et leur <option>GID</option> correspondant "
+"pour la création de groupes)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:349
+msgid ""
+"The input file must be protected since it contains unencrypted passwords."
+msgstr ""
+"Le fichier d'entrée doit être correctement protégé puisqu'il contient des "
+"mots de passe en clair."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:429
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/newusers"
+msgstr "/etc/pam.d/newusers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:435 useradd.8.xml.out:222 useradd.8.xml.out:481
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:785 userdel.8.xml.out:215 usermod.8.xml.out:587
+msgid "/etc/subgid"
+msgstr "/etc/subgid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:437 useradd.8.xml.out:787 userdel.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs."
+msgstr "IDs des groupes subalternes d'un utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:441 useradd.8.xml.out:222 useradd.8.xml.out:480
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:791 userdel.8.xml.out:221 usermod.8.xml.out:593
+msgid "/etc/subuid"
+msgstr "/etc/subuid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:443 useradd.8.xml.out:793 userdel.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs."
+msgstr "IDs de utilisateurs subalternes d'un utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:460 useradd.8.xml.out:906 userdel.8.xml.out:335
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:633
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/subgid"
+msgid "subgid"
+msgstr "/etc/subgid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:463 useradd.8.xml.out:909 userdel.8.xml.out:338
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:636
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/subuid"
+msgid "subuid"
+msgstr "/etc/subuid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:458 useradd.8.xml.out:904 userdel.8.xml.out:333
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:631
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:30
+msgid "politely refuse a login"
+msgstr "refuser poliment une connexion"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:41
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>nologin</command> command displays a message that an account "
+#| "is not available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement "
+#| "shell field for accounts that have been disabled."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command displays a message that an account is not "
+"available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement shell field "
+"for accounts that have been disabled."
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>nologin</command> affiche un message indiquant que le "
+"compte n'est pas disponible et retourne avec un code non nul. Elle peut être "
+"placée dans le champ indiquant l'interpréteur de commandes pour les comptes "
+"qui ont été désactivés."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:46
+msgid "To disable all logins, investigate <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:52
+msgid "SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:51
+msgid "If <_:command-1/> is populated it will be logged."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:69
+msgid "HISTORY"
+msgstr "HISTORIQUE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The <command>nologin</command> command appeared in BSD 4.4."
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command appeared in BSD 4.4."
+msgstr "La commande <command>nologin</command> est apparue avec BSD 4.4."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:48
+msgid "change user password"
+msgstr "Modifier le mot de passe d'un utilisateur"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:65
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>passwd</command> command changes passwords for user "
+#| "accounts. A normal user may only change the password for their own "
+#| "account, while the superuser may change the password for any account. "
+#| "<command>passwd</command> also changes the account or associated password "
+#| "validity period."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes passwords for user accounts. A normal "
+"user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser "
+"may change the password for any account. <_:command-2/> also changes the "
+"account or associated password validity period."
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>passwd</command> modifie les mots de passe des comptes "
+"d'utilisateurs. Un utilisateur normal ne peut changer que son propre mot de "
+"passe, alors que le superutilisateur peut changer le mot de passe associé à "
+"n'importe quel compte. <command>passwd</command> modifie également les dates "
+"de fin de validité du compte ou du mot de passe associé."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "Password Changes"
+msgstr "Modifications du mot de passe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"The user is first prompted for their old password, if one is present. This "
+"password is then encrypted and compared against the stored password. The "
+"user has only one chance to enter the correct password. The superuser is "
+"permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten passwords may be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"Dans un premier temps, l'utilisateur doit fournir son ancien mot de passe, "
+"s'il en avait un. Ce mot de passe est ensuite chiffré puis comparé avec le "
+"mot de passe enregistré. L'utilisateur n'a droit qu'à un seul essai pour "
+"entrer le mot de passe correct. Le superutilisateur peut contourner cette "
+"première étape de manière à changer les mots de passe ayant été oubliés."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:83
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "After the password has been entered, password aging information is "
+#| "checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this "
+#| "time. If not, <command>passwd</command> refuses to change the password "
+#| "and exits."
+msgid ""
+"After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked "
+"to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time. If not, "
+"<_:command-1/> refuses to change the password and exits."
+msgstr ""
+"Une fois que le mot de passe a été entré, les informations de limite de "
+"validité du mot de passe sont vérifiées pour s'assurer que l'utilisateur est "
+"autorisé à modifier son mot de passe à cet instant. Dans le cas contraire, "
+"<command>passwd</command> refuse de changer le mot de passe, et quitte."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:90
+msgid ""
+"The user is then prompted twice for a replacement password. The second entry "
+"is compared against the first and both are required to match in order for "
+"the password to be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"Le nouveau mot de passe sera demandé deux fois à l'utilisateur. Le second "
+"mot de passe est comparé avec le premier. Ces deux mots de passe devront "
+"être identiques pour que le mot de passe soit changé."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:96
+msgid ""
+"Then, the password is tested for complexity. As a general guideline, "
+"passwords should consist of 6 to 8 characters including one or more "
+"characters from each of the following sets:"
+msgstr ""
+"La complexité de ce mot de passe est alors testée. Comme ligne de conduite "
+"générale, un mot de passe doit toujours être constitué de 6 à 8 caractères "
+"en en choisissant un ou plus parmi chacun des ensembles suivants :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "lower case alphabetics"
+msgstr "caractères alphabétiques minuscules"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:107
+msgid "digits 0 thru 9"
+msgstr "chiffres de 0 à 9"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "punctuation marks"
+msgstr "marques de ponctuation"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:114
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill "
+#| "characters. <command>passwd</command> will reject any password which is "
+#| "not suitably complex."
+msgid ""
+"Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill "
+"characters. <_:command-1/> will reject any password which is not suitably "
+"complex."
+msgstr ""
+"Il faudra faire attention à ne pas utiliser les caractères de suppression ou "
+"d'effacement. <command>passwd</command> rejettera tout mot de passe dont la "
+"complexité ne sera pas suffisante."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "Hints for user passwords"
+msgstr "Astuces pour les mots de passe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:127
+msgid "UNIX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:124
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption "
+#| "algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy <emphasis>UNIX</"
+#| "emphasis> System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm. "
+#| "More recent methods are now recommended (see <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</"
+#| "option>). The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the "
+#| "password which is selected."
+msgid ""
+"The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption "
+"algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy <_:emphasis-1/> System "
+"encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm. More recent methods are "
+"now recommended (see <_:option-2/>). The size of the key space depends upon "
+"the randomness of the password which is selected."
+msgstr ""
+"La sécurité d'un mot de passe repose sur la force de l'algorithme de "
+"chiffrement et sur la taille de l'espace de clés utilisé. La méthode de "
+"chiffrement des systèmes <emphasis>UNIX</emphasis> est basée sur "
+"l'algorithme NBS DES. Des méthodes plus récentes sont maintenant "
+"recommandées (voir <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option>). La taille de l'espace "
+"de clés dépend de l'aléa du mot de passe utilisé."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"Compromises in password security normally result from careless password "
+"selection or handling. For this reason, you should not select a password "
+"which appears in a dictionary or which must be written down. The password "
+"should also not be a proper name, your license number, birth date, or street "
+"address. Any of these may be used as guesses to violate system security."
+msgstr ""
+"Les compromissions de la sécurité des mots de passe résultent le plus "
+"souvent d'une négligence dans le choix du mot de passe, ou lors de son "
+"utilisation. Pour cette raison, vous ne devez pas sélectionner de mot de "
+"passe apparaissant dans un dictionnaire ou devant être écrit. Le mot de "
+"passe ne doit pas non plus être un nom propre, un numéro minéralogique, une "
+"date de naissance, ou une adresse. En effet ceux-ci pourraient être devinés "
+"pour violer la sécurité du système."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:142
+msgid ""
+"You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en."
+"wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous pouvez trouver des conseils sur la façon de choisir un mot de passe "
+"robuste sur http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength (en anglais)."
+
+# NOTE: pas clair
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:160
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option can be used only with <option>-S</option> and causes show "
+#| "status for all users."
+msgid ""
+"This option can be used only with <_:option-1/> and causes show status for "
+"all users."
+msgstr ""
+"Cette option ne peut être utilisée qu'avec <option>-S</option> et permet "
+"d'afficher l'état des mots de passe pour tous les utilisateurs."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:171
+msgid ""
+"Delete a user's password (make it empty). This is a quick way to disable a "
+"password for an account. It will set the named account passwordless."
+msgstr ""
+"Supprimer le mot de passe (le rendre vide) d'un utilisateur. C'est une façon "
+"rapide de supprimer l'authentification par mot de passe pour un compte. Il "
+"rend le compte indiqué sans mot de passe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:180
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "expiry"
+msgid "--expire"
+msgstr "expiry"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"Immediately expire an account's password. This in effect can force a user to "
+"change their password at the user's next login."
+msgstr ""
+"Annuler immédiatement la validité du mot de passe d'un compte. Ceci permet "
+"d'obliger un utilisateur à changer son mot de passe lors de sa prochaine "
+"connexion."
+
+# NOTE: Only this user account
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:200
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is used to disable an account after the password has been "
+#| "expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired "
+#| "password for <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> days, the user may no "
+#| "longer sign on to the account."
+msgid ""
+"This option is used to disable an account after the password has been "
+"expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired "
+"password for <_:replaceable-1/> days, the user may no longer sign on to the "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"Cette option permet de désactiver un compte quelques temps après expiration "
+"de son mot de passe. <replaceable>DURÉE_INACTIVITÉ</replaceable> jours après "
+"expiration de son mot de passe, l'utilisateur ne pourra plus se connecter "
+"avec ce compte."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:210 useradd.8.xml.out:278 useradd.8.xml.out:356
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-k"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:210
+msgid "--keep-tokens"
+msgstr ""
+
+# NOTE: pas clair
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:213
+msgid ""
+"Indicate password change should be performed only for expired authentication "
+"tokens (passwords). The user wishes to keep their non-expired tokens as "
+"before."
+msgstr ""
+"Indiquer que la modification de mot de passe ne sera effectuée que lors de "
+"l'expiration des jetons d'authentification (mots de passe). C'est utile dans "
+"le cas où l'utilisateur voudrait conserver ses jetons d'authentification "
+"encore valables."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:222 usermod.8.xml.out:231
+msgid "--lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:225
+msgid ""
+"Lock the password of the named account. This option disables a password by "
+"changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it adds a "
+"´!´ at the beginning of the password)."
+msgstr ""
+"Verrouiller le mot de passe du compte indiqué. Cette option désactive un mot "
+"de passe en le modifiant par une valeur qui ne correspond pas à un mot de "
+"passe chiffré possible (cela ajoute un « ! » au début du mot de passe)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:235
+msgid "usermod --expiredate 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:231
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that this does not disable the account. The user may still be able "
+#| "to login using another authentication token (e.g. an SSH key). To disable "
+#| "the account, administrators should use <command>usermod --expiredate 1</"
+#| "command> (this set the account's expire date to Jan 2, 1970)."
+msgid ""
+"Note that this does not disable the account. The user may still be able to "
+"login using another authentication token (e.g. an SSH key). To disable the "
+"account, administrators should use <_:command-1/> (this set the account's "
+"expire date to Jan 2, 1970)."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez noter que cela ne désactive pas le compte. L'utilisateur peut "
+"toujours se connecter en utilisant une autre méthode d'authentification (par "
+"exemple une clé SSH). Pour désactiver un compte, les administrateurs "
+"devraient utiliser <command>usermod --expiredate 1</command> (cela définit "
+"la date d'expiration du compte au 2 janvier 1970)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:238
+msgid "Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their password."
+msgstr ""
+"Les utilisateurs avec un mot de passe verrouillé ne sont pas autorisés à le "
+"changer."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:258 pwck.8.xml.out:179 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-q"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:258 pwck.8.xml.out:179 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "--quiet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:261 vipw.8.xml.out:110
+msgid "Quiet mode."
+msgstr "Mode silencieux."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268
+msgid "--repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268 passwd.1.xml.out:272
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "EDITOR"
+msgid "REPOSITORY"
+msgstr "EDITOR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:271
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "change password in <replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable> repository"
+msgid "change password in <_:replaceable-1/> repository"
+msgstr ""
+"Modifier le mot de passe dans la base <replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:291
+msgid "--status"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:294
+msgid ""
+"Display account status information. The status information consists of 7 "
+"fields. The first field is the user's login name. The second field indicates "
+"if the user account has a locked password (L), has no password (NP), or has "
+"a usable password (P). The third field gives the date of the last password "
+"change. The next four fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning "
+"period, and inactivity period for the password. These ages are expressed in "
+"days."
+msgstr ""
+"Afficher l'état d'un compte. Cet état est constitué de 7 champs. Le premier "
+"champ est le nom du compte. Le second champ indique si le mot de passe est "
+"bloqué (L), n'a pas de mot de passe (NP) ou a un mot de passe utilisable "
+"(P). Le troisième champ donne la date de dernière modification du mot de "
+"passe. Les quatre champs suivants sont : la durée minimum avant "
+"modification, la durée maximum de validité, la durée d'avertissement, et la "
+"durée d'inactivité autorisée pour le mot de passe. Les durées sont exprimées "
+"en jours."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:309 usermod.8.xml.out:405
+msgid "--unlock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:312
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Unlock the password of the named account. This option re-enables a "
+#| "password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the "
+#| "value before using the <option>-l</option> option)."
+msgid ""
+"Unlock the password of the named account. This option re-enables a password "
+"by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before "
+"using the <_:option-1/> option)."
+msgstr ""
+"Déverrouiller le mot de passe du compte indiqué. Cette option réactive un "
+"mot de passe en remettant le mot de passe à sa valeur précédente (la valeur "
+"présente avant l'utilisation de l'option <option>-l</option>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:325
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. "
+#| "The <replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable> option is the number of days "
+#| "prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their "
+#| "password is about to expire."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The "
+"<_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password "
+"expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"Configurer le nombre de jours d'avertissement avant que le changement de mot "
+"de passe ne soit obligatoire. La valeur <replaceable>JOURS_AVERTISSEMENT</"
+"replaceable> est le nombre de jours précédant l'expiration du mot de passe "
+"et durant lesquels un utilisateur sera prévenu que son mot de passe est sur "
+"le point d'arriver en fin de validité."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-x"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:338
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>, the password is required to be "
+#| "changed."
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>, the password is required to be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"Configurer le nombre maximum de jours pendant lesquels un mot de passe reste "
+"valable. Après <replaceable>JOURS_MAX</replaceable>, le mot de passe devra "
+"être modifié."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:355
+msgid ""
+"Password complexity checking may vary from site to site. The user is urged "
+"to select a password as complex as he or she feels comfortable with."
+msgstr ""
+"La vérification de la complexité des mots de passe peut varier d'un site à "
+"l'autre. Il est vivement conseillé aux utilisateurs de choisir un mot de "
+"passe aussi complexe que possible dans la limite de ce qu'il est capable de "
+"mémoriser. "
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:360
+msgid ""
+"Users may not be able to change their password on a system if NIS is enabled "
+"and they are not logged into the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+"Il se peut que les utilisateurs ne puissent pas changer leur mot de passe "
+"sur un système si NIS est activé et qu'ils ne sont pas connectés au serveur "
+"NIS."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:365
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>passwd</command> uses PAM to authenticate users and to change "
+#| "their passwords."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> uses PAM to authenticate users and to change their passwords."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>passwd</command> utilise PAM pour authentifier les utilisateurs et "
+"modifier leur mot de passe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:411
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/passwd"
+msgstr "/etc/pam.d/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:439
+msgid "invalid combination of options"
+msgstr "combinaison d'options non valable"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:445
+msgid "unexpected failure, nothing done"
+msgstr "échec inattendu, rien n'a été fait"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:451
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "unexpected failure, <filename>passwd</filename> file missing"
+msgid "unexpected failure, <_:filename-1/> file missing"
+msgstr "échec inattendu, le fichier <filename>passwd</filename> est manquant"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:457
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<filename>passwd</filename> file busy, try again"
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> file busy, try again"
+msgstr ""
+"fichier <filename>passwd</filename> en cours d'utilisation, veuillez "
+"réessayer plus tard"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:472
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:phrase-4/> "
+"<_:citerefentry-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "the password file"
+msgstr "fichier des mots de passe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:49 shadow.5.xml.out:59
+msgid ":"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> contains one line for each user account, "
+#| "with seven fields delimited by colons (<quote>:</quote>). These fields "
+#| "are:"
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> contains one line for each user account, with seven fields "
+"delimited by colons (<_:quote-2/>). These fields are:"
+msgstr ""
+"<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> contient différentes informations sur les "
+"comptes utilisateurs. Ces informations consistent en sept champs séparés par "
+"des deux-points (« : ») :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:54 shadow.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "login name"
+msgstr "nom de connexion de l'utilisateur (« login »)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:57
+msgid "optional encrypted password"
+msgstr "un mot de passe chiffré optionnel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "numerical user ID"
+msgstr "l'identifiant numérique de l'utilisateur"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "numerical group ID"
+msgstr "l'identifiant numérique du groupe de l'utilisateur"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "user name or comment field"
+msgstr "le nom complet de l'utilisateur ou un champ de commentaires"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:69
+msgid "user home directory"
+msgstr "le répertoire personnel de l'utilisateur"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "optional user command interpreter"
+msgstr "l'interpréteur de commandes de l'utilisateur (optionnel)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:78
+msgid "x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "must"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:emphasis-1/> field is a lower-case <_:quote-2/>, then the "
+"encrypted password is actually stored in the <_:citerefentry-3/> file "
+"instead; there <_:emphasis-4/> be a corresponding line in the <_:filename-5/"
+"> file, or else the user account is invalid."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:90
+msgid "any"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to "
+#| "authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications "
+#| "which read the <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file may decide not to "
+#| "permit any access at all if the password field is empty."
+msgid ""
+"The encrypted <_:emphasis-1/> field may be empty, in which case no password "
+"is required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some "
+"applications which read the <_:filename-2/> file may decide not to permit <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> access at all if the <_:emphasis-4/> field is blank."
+msgstr ""
+"Ce champ peut être vide. Dans ce cas aucun mot de passe n'est nécessaire "
+"pour s'authentifier avec l'identifiant de connexion indiqué. Cependant, "
+"certaines applications qui lisent le fichier <filename>/etc/shadow</"
+"filename> peuvent n'autoriser aucun accès si le mot de passe est vide."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the "
+#| "password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the "
+#| "password field before the password was locked."
+msgid ""
+"A <_:emphasis-1/> field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the "
+"password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> field before the password was locked."
+msgstr ""
+"Un champ de mot de passe qui commence avec un point d'exclamation indique "
+"que le mot de passe est bloqué. Les caractères restants sur la ligne "
+"représentent le champ de mot de passe avant que le mot de passe n'ait été "
+"bloqué."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:107 shadow.5.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able "
+#| "to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by "
+#| "other means)."
+msgid ""
+"If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a "
+"unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)."
+msgstr ""
+"Si le champ du mot de passe contient une chaîne qui ne peut pas être un "
+"résultat valable de <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, par exemple si elle "
+"contient les caractères ! ou *, alors l'utilisateur ne pourra pas utiliser "
+"son mot de passe UNIX pour se connecter (mais il se peut que l'utilisateur "
+"puisse se connecter au système par d'autres moyens)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system "
+"utilities, such as <_:citerefentry-1/>. The use of an ampersand here will be "
+"replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed "
+"by such system utilities."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:123
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The home directory field provides the name of the initial working "
+#| "directory. The <command>login</command> program uses this information to "
+#| "set the value of the <envar>$HOME</envar> environmental variable."
+msgid ""
+"The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory. "
+"The <_:command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:"
+"envar-2/> environmental variable."
+msgstr ""
+"Le champ du répertoire personnel de l'utilisateur correspond au nom du "
+"répertoire de travail initial. <command>login</command> utilise cette "
+"information pour définir la valeur de la variable d'environnement "
+"<envar>$HOME</envar>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:134 sg.1.xml.out:61 su.1.xml.out:190
+msgid "/bin/sh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command "
+#| "language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The "
+#| "<command>login</command> program uses this information to set the value "
+#| "of the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environmental variable. If this field is "
+#| "empty, it defaults to the value <filename>/bin/sh</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command "
+"language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The <_:"
+"command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:envar-2/"
+"> environmental variable. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value "
+"<_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Le champ de l'interpréteur de commandes correspond au nom de l'interpréteur "
+"de commandes de l'utilisateur, ou au nom d'un programme initial à exécuter. "
+"<command>login</command> utilise cette information pour définir la valeur de "
+"la variable d'environnement <envar>$SHELL</envar>. Si ce champ est vide, "
+"<filename>/bin/sh</filename> est utilisé par défaut."
+
+# TBC: file ?
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:150
+msgid "optional encrypted password file"
+msgstr "un mot de passe chiffré optionnel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:154
+msgid "/etc/passwd-"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:156
+msgid "Backup file for /etc/passwd."
+msgstr "Fichier de sauvegarde de /etc/passwd."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:157 shadow.5.xml.out:249
+msgid ""
+"Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by "
+"all user and password management tools."
+msgstr ""
+"Notez que ce fichier est utilisé par les outils de la suite d'outils shadow, "
+"mais pas par tous les outils de gestion d'utilisateurs et de mot de passes."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:173
+msgid "getent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:176
+msgid "getpwnam"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:168
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-10/>, <_:citerefentry-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:33 porttime.5.xml.out:40 porttime.5.xml.out:47
+msgid "porttime"
+msgstr "porttime"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "port access time file"
+msgstr ""
+"Fichier de configuration des droits d'accès en fonction de la date et de "
+"l'heure"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis remap=\"I\">porttime</emphasis> contains a list of tty devices, "
+#| "user names, and permitted login times."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted "
+"login times."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">porttime</emphasis> contient une liste de tty, noms "
+"d'utilisateurs, et horaires d'accès autorisés."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:51
+msgid ""
+"Each entry consists of three colon separated fields. The first field is a "
+"comma separated list of tty devices, or an asterisk to indicate that all tty "
+"devices are matched by this entry. The second field is a comma separated "
+"list of user names, or an asterisk to indicated that all user names are "
+"matched by this entry. The third field is a comma separated list of "
+"permitted access times."
+msgstr ""
+"Chaque entrée consiste en trois champs séparés par un caractère deux-points "
+"« : ». Le premier champ est une liste de tty séparés par des virgules, ou un "
+"astérisque « * » pour indiquer que l'entrée correspond à toutes les tty. Le "
+"second champ est une liste de noms d'utilisateurs, ou un astérisque pour "
+"indiquer que cette entrée correspond à n'importe quel utilisateur. Le "
+"troisième champ est une liste d'horaires d'accès autorisés."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:62
+msgid "Su"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:62
+msgid "Mo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "Tu"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "We"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "Th"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "Fr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:65
+msgid "Sa"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "Wk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:67 porttime.5.xml.out:68
+msgid "Al"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:60
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, "
+#| "abbreviated <emphasis>Su</emphasis>, <emphasis>Mo</emphasis>, "
+#| "<emphasis>Tu</emphasis>, <emphasis>We</emphasis>, <emphasis>Th</"
+#| "emphasis>, <emphasis>Fr</emphasis>, and <emphasis>Sa</emphasis>, followed "
+#| "by a pair of times separated by a hyphen. The abbreviation <emphasis>Wk</"
+#| "emphasis> may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and <emphasis>Al</"
+#| "emphasis> may be used to indicate every day. If no days are given, "
+#| "<emphasis>Al</emphasis> is assumed."
+msgid ""
+"Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, "
+"abbreviated <_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/"
+">, <_:emphasis-5/>, <_:emphasis-6/>, and <_:emphasis-7/>, followed by a pair "
+"of times separated by a hyphen. The abbreviation <_:emphasis-8/> may be used "
+"to represent Monday thru Friday, and <_:emphasis-9/> may be used to indicate "
+"every day. If no days are given, <_:emphasis-10/> is assumed."
+msgstr ""
+"Chaque horaire d'accès consiste en zéro ou plusieurs abréviations de jours "
+"de la semaine : <emphasis>Su</emphasis> (dimanche), <emphasis>Mo</emphasis> "
+"(lundi), <emphasis>Tu</emphasis> (mardi), <emphasis>We</emphasis> "
+"(mercredi), <emphasis>Th</emphasis> (jeudi), <emphasis>Fr</emphasis> "
+"(vendredi), <emphasis>Sa</emphasis> (samedi), suivi d'un couple d'horaires "
+"séparés par un tiret. L'abréviation <emphasis>Wk</emphasis> peut être "
+"utilisée pour représenter les jours de la semaine du lundi au vendredi, et "
+"<emphasis>Al</emphasis> permet de spécifier l'ensemble des jours de la "
+"semaine. Par défaut, si aucun jour n'est spécifié, <emphasis>Al</emphasis> "
+"est utilisé."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:74
+msgid "EXAMPLES"
+msgstr "EXEMPLES"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:77
+msgid "jfh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following entry allows access to user <emphasis remap=\"B\">jfh</"
+#| "emphasis> on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm."
+msgid ""
+"The following entry allows access to user <_:emphasis-1/> on every port "
+"during weekdays from 9am to 5pm."
+msgstr ""
+"L'entrée suivante autorise l'accès à l'utilisateur <emphasis "
+"remap=\"B\">jfh</emphasis> sur n'importe quel port pendant la semaine de 9 "
+"heures à 17 heures."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700"
+msgstr "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "oper"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:86
+msgid "/dev/console"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:83
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following entries allow access only to the users <emphasis>root</"
+#| "emphasis> and <emphasis>oper</emphasis> on <filename>/dev/console</"
+#| "filename> at any time. This illustrates how the <filename>/etc/porttime</"
+#| "filename> file is an ordered list of access times. Any other user would "
+#| "match the second entry which does not permit access at any time."
+msgid ""
+"The following entries allow access only to the users <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> on <_:filename-3/> at any time. This illustrates how the <_:"
+"filename-4/> file is an ordered list of access times. Any other user would "
+"match the second entry which does not permit access at any time."
+msgstr ""
+"L'entrée suivante autorise l'accès à /dev/console uniquement aux "
+"utilisateurs <emphasis>root</emphasis> et <emphasis>oper</emphasis> à "
+"n'importe quelle heure. Ceci permet de montrer l'importance de l'ordre des "
+"entrées dans le fichier <filename>/etc/porttime</filename>. Les autres "
+"utilisateurs ne satisferont que la deuxième entrée, qui n'autorise aucun "
+"accès."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      console:root,oper:Al0000-2400\n"
+#| "      console:*:\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "console:root,oper:Al0000-2400 console:*:"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      console:root,oper:Al0000-2400\n"
+"      console:*:\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:99
+msgid "games"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:97
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following entry allows access for the user <emphasis>games</emphasis> "
+#| "on any port during non-working hours."
+msgid ""
+"The following entry allows access for the user <_:emphasis-1/> on any port "
+"during non-working hours."
+msgstr ""
+"L'entrée suivante autorise l'accès à tous les ports pour l'utilisateur "
+"<emphasis>games</emphasis>, en dehors des heures de travail."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:102
+msgid "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400"
+msgstr "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:48
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "verify integrity of password files"
+msgid "verify the integrity of password files"
+msgstr "Vérifier l'intégrité des fichiers de mots de passe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "PASSWORDFILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:61 pwck.8.xml.out:106
+msgid "SHADOWFILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:75 pwck.8.xml.out:226
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/motd"
+msgid "/etc/tcb"
+msgstr "/etc/motd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>, when <_:option-2/> is enabled)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>grpck</command> command verifies the integrity of the groups "
+#| "information. It checks that all entries in <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#| "filename></phrase> have the proper format and contain valid data. The "
+#| "user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which "
+#| "have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the users and "
+"authentication information. It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> "
+"and <_:filename-3/> <_:phrase-4/> have the proper format and contain valid "
+"data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted "
+"or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>grpck</command> vérifie l'intégrité des informations "
+"sur les groupes du système. Toutes les entrées de <filename>/etc/group</"
+"filename> <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> et <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+"filename></phrase> sont vérifiées afin de s'assurer qu'elles ont le bon "
+"format et qu'elles contiennent des données valables dans chaque champ. Une "
+"confirmation de l'utilisateur sera demandée pour détruire les entrées mal "
+"formatées ou ayant d'autres erreurs non récupérables."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:88
+msgid "a unique and valid user name"
+msgstr "unicité et validité des noms d'utilisateur ;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:91
+msgid "a valid user and group identifier"
+msgstr "validité des identifiants d'utilisateur et de groupe ;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "a valid primary group"
+msgstr "validité du groupe primaire ;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:97
+msgid "a valid home directory"
+msgstr "validité du répertoire personnel ;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:100
+msgid "a valid login shell"
+msgstr "validité de l'interpréteur de commandes initial (« login shell »)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:104
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>shadow</filename> checks are enabled when a second file "
+#| "parameter is specified or when <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> exists on "
+#| "the system."
+msgid ""
+"Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file "
+"parameter <_:replaceable-1/> is specified or when <_:filename-2/> exists on "
+"the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Les vérifications de <filename>shadow</filename> sont activées quand un "
+"second paramètre de fichier est indiqué ou quand <filename>/etc/shadow</"
+"filename> existe sur le système."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:109
+msgid "These checks are the following:"
+msgstr "Ces vérifications sont les suivantes :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"every passwd entry has a matching shadow entry, and every shadow entry has a "
+"matching passwd entry"
+msgstr ""
+"chaque entrée de passwd a une entrée correspondante dans shadow, et chaque "
+"entrée shadow a une entrée passwd correspondante ;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "passwords are specified in the shadowed file"
+msgstr ""
+"les mots de passe sont indiqués dans le fichier des mot de passe cachés ;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:123
+msgid "shadow entries have the correct number of fields"
+msgstr "les entrées de shadow ont le bon nombre de champs ;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "shadow entries are unique in shadow"
+msgstr "les entrées de shadow sont uniques dans shadow ;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "the last password changes are not in the future"
+msgstr "la date du dernier changement de mot de passe n'est pas dans le futur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal. "
+#| "If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to "
+#| "delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all "
+#| "further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated user name is "
+#| "prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All "
+#| "other errors are warning and the user is encouraged to run the "
+#| "<command>usermod</command> command to correct the error."
+msgid ""
+"The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal. If "
+"the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to "
+"delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all "
+"further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated user name is "
+"prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All "
+"other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/"
+"> command to correct the error."
+msgstr ""
+"Une erreur dans le nombre de champs ou la non unicité d'un nom d'utilisateur "
+"sera fatale. Si le nombre de champs n'est pas correct, il sera demandé à "
+"l'utilisateur de supprimer la ligne. Si l'utilisateur ne répond pas par "
+"l'affirmative, les vérifications suivantes ne seront pas effectuées. Il sera "
+"également demandé de supprimer les entrées correspondant aux noms "
+"d'utilisateur redondants, mais dans ce cas, les autres vérifications seront "
+"effectuées. Toutes les autres erreurs ne sont que des avertissements et "
+"l'utilisateur est encouragé à utiliser <command>usermod</command> pour les "
+"corriger."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:144
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The commands which operate on the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file "
+#| "are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <command>pwck</"
+#| "command> should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending "
+#| "entry."
+msgid ""
+"The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> file are not able to alter "
+"corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-2/> should be used in those "
+"circumstances to remove the offending entry."
+msgstr ""
+"Les commandes qui opèrent sur le fichier <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> ne "
+"peuvent pas modifier les entrées corrompues ou redondantes. <command>pwck</"
+"command> doit être utilisé dans ce cas pour retirer ces entrées."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:181
+msgid ""
+"Report errors only. The warnings which do not require any action from the "
+"user won't be displayed."
+msgstr ""
+"Ne signaler que les erreurs. Les avertissements qui ne nécessitent pas une "
+"action de la part de l'utilisateur ne seront pas affichés."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:190
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Execute the <command>pwck</command> command in read-only mode."
+msgid "Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode."
+msgstr "Permet d'exécuter <command>pwck</command> dans le mode lecture seule."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Sort entries in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/"
+#| "shadow</filename> by UID."
+msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> by UID."
+msgstr ""
+"Trie les entrées de <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> et <filename>/etc/"
+"shadow</filename> par UID."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:215
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "This option has no effect when <option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled."
+msgid "This option has no effect when <_:option-1/> is enabled."
+msgstr ""
+"Cette option n'a aucun effet quand <option>USE_TCB</option> est activée."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:225
+msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:222
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, <command>pwck</command> operates on the files <filename>/etc/"
+#| "passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\"> (or the files in <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>)</"
+#| "phrase>. The user may select alternate files with the "
+#| "<replaceable>passwd</replaceable> and <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> "
+#| "parameters."
+msgid ""
+"By default, <_:command-1/> operates on the files <_:filename-2/> and <_:"
+"filename-3/><_:phrase-4/>. The user may select alternate files with the <_:"
+"replaceable-5/> and <_:replaceable-6/> parameters."
+msgstr ""
+"Par défaut, <command>pwck</command> opère sur les fichiers <filename>/etc/"
+"passwd</filename> et <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase "
+"condition=\"tcb> (ou les fichiers dans <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>)</"
+"phrase>. L'utilisateur peut spécifier d'autres fichiers avec les paramètres "
+"<replaceable>passwd</replaceable> et <replaceable>shadow</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:231
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that when <option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled, you cannot specify an "
+#| "alternative <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> file. In future releases, "
+#| "this parameter could be replaced by an alternate TCB directory."
+msgid ""
+"Note that when <_:option-1/> is enabled, you cannot specify an alternative "
+"<_:replaceable-2/> file. In future releases, this parameter could be "
+"replaced by an alternate TCB directory."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez noter que quand <option>USE_TCB</option> est activée, vous ne "
+"pouvez pas indiquer de fichier <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> alternatif. "
+"Dans les prochaines versions, ce paramètre pourra être remplacé par un "
+"répertoire TCB alternatif."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:301
+msgid "one or more bad password entries"
+msgstr "une entrée de mot de passe ou plus est incorrecte"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:307
+msgid "can't open password files"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir les fichiers de mots de passe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:313
+msgid "can't lock password files"
+msgstr "impossible de verrouiller les fichiers de mots de passe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:319
+msgid "can't update password files"
+msgstr "impossible de mettre à jour les fichiers des mots de passe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:325
+msgid "can't sort password files"
+msgstr "impossible de trier les fichiers de mots de passe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:50
+msgid "convert to and from shadow passwords and groups"
+msgstr ""
+"Convertir vers ou depuis les fichiers de mots de passe ou de groupe cachés"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:82 pwconv.8.xml.out:112
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>pwconv</command> command creates <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</"
+#| "emphasis> and an optionally existing <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</"
+#| "emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:emphasis-2/> from <_:emphasis-3/> and "
+"an optionally existing <_:emphasis-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>pwconv</command> crée le fichier <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> à partir du fichier <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">passwd</emphasis> et d'un éventuel fichier <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:93 pwconv.8.xml.out:251
+msgid "tcb_convert"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>pwconv</command> does not work with <option>USE_TCB</option> "
+#| "enabled. To convert to tcb passwords, you should first use "
+#| "<command>pwconv</command> to convert to shadowed passwords by disabling "
+#| "<option>USE_TCB</option> in <filename>login.defs</filename> and then "
+#| "convert to tcb password using <command>tcb_convert</command> (and re-"
+#| "enable <option>USE_TCB</option> in <filename>login.defs</filename>.)"
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. To convert to tcb "
+"passwords, you should first use <_:command-3/> to convert to shadowed "
+"passwords by disabling <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> and then convert to "
+"tcb password using <_:command-6/> (and re-enable <_:option-7/> in <_:"
+"filename-8/>.)"
+msgstr ""
+"<command>pwconv</command> ne fonctionne pas avec <option>USE_TCB</option> "
+"activée. Pour convertir les mots de passe vers tcb, vous devez d'abord "
+"utiliser <command>pwconv</command> pour les convertir vers les mots de passe "
+"cachés en désactivant <option>USE_TCB</option> dans <filename>login.defs</"
+"filename> puis les convertir en mots de passe tcb avec <command>tcb_convert</"
+"command> (et en réactivant <option>USE_TCB</option> dans <filename>login."
+"defs</filename>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:97 pwconv.8.xml.out:118
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:emphasis-2/> from <_:emphasis-3/> and "
+"<_:emphasis-4/> and then removes <_:emphasis-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:106 pwconv.8.xml.out:254
+msgid "tcb_unconvert"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:103
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>pwunconv</command> does not work with <option>USE_TCB</option> "
+#| "enabled. You should first switch back from tcb to shadowed passwords "
+#| "using <command>tcb_unconvert</command>, and then disable <option>USE_TCB</"
+#| "option> in <filename>login.defs</filename> before using "
+#| "<command>pwunconv</command>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. You should first "
+"switch back from tcb to shadowed passwords using <_:command-3/>, and then "
+"disable <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> before using <_:command-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>pwunconv</command> ne fonctionne pas avec <option>USE_TCB</option> "
+"activé. Vous devez d'abord convertir les mots de passe depuis tcb vers des "
+"mots de passe cachés en utilisant <command>tcb_unconvert</command> puis "
+"désactiver <option>USE_TCB</option> dans <filename>login.defs</filename> "
+"avant d'utiliser <command>pwunconv</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:125
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and "
+#| "group files: <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>, <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>, and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group "
+"files: <_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>, <_:filename-3/>, and <_:filename-4/"
+">."
+msgstr ""
+"Ces quatre programmes opèrent sur les fichiers de mots de passe et "
+"d'informations sur les groupes cachés ou non : <filename>/etc/passwd</"
+"filename>, <filename>/etc/group</filename>, <filename>/etc/shadow</"
+"filename>, et <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:132
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. "
+#| "<command>pwconv</command> and <command>grpconv</command> are similar. "
+#| "First, entries in the shadowed file which don't exist in the main file "
+#| "are removed. Then, shadowed entries which don't have `x' as the password "
+#| "in the main file are updated. Any missing shadowed entries are added. "
+#| "Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x'. These programs "
+#| "can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if "
+#| "the main file is edited by hand."
+msgid ""
+"Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. <_:command-1/> "
+"and <_:command-2/> are similar. First, entries in the shadowed file which "
+"don't exist in the main file are removed. Then, shadowed entries which don't "
+"have `x' as the password in the main file are updated. Any missing shadowed "
+"entries are added. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with "
+"`x'. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the "
+"shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand."
+msgstr ""
+"Chaque programme place les verrous nécessaires avant d'effectuer la "
+"conversion. <command>pwconv</command> et <command>grpconv</command> sont "
+"similaires. Dans un premier temps, les entrées du fichier de mots de passe "
+"cachés (<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> ou <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+"filename>) qui n'existent pas dans le fichier principal (<filename>passwd</"
+"filename> ou <filename>group</filename>), sont retirées. Ensuite, les "
+"entrées du fichier <filename>shadow</filename> n'ayant pas pour mot de passe "
+"« x » dans le fichier <filename>passwd</filename> sont mises à jour. Enfin, "
+"les mots de passe du fichier <filename>passwd</filename> sont remplacés par "
+"« x ». Ces programmes peuvent être utilisés pour une première conversion, ou "
+"bien pour une mise à jour, si les fichiers principaux [ NdT : non cachés ] "
+"ont été édités à la main."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:143
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will use the values of <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and "
+"<_:emphasis-4/> from <_:filename-5/> when adding new entries to <_:"
+"filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Likewise <command>pwunconv</command> and <command>grpunconv</command> are "
+#| "similar. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file. "
+#| "Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are "
+#| "left alone. Finally, the shadowed file is removed. Some password aging "
+#| "information is lost by <command>pwunconv</command>. It will convert what "
+#| "it can."
+msgid ""
+"Likewise <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> are similar. Passwords in the "
+"main file are updated from the shadowed file. Entries which exist in the "
+"main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone. Finally, the shadowed "
+"file is removed. Some password aging information is lost by <_:command-3/>. "
+"It will convert what it can."
+msgstr ""
+"De même, <command>pwunconv</command> et <command>grpunconv</command> sont "
+"similaires. Les mots de passe des fichiers principaux sont mis à jour à "
+"partir des fichiers d'informations cachées (« shadowed file »). Les entrées "
+"existant dans un fichier principal, mais pas dans le fichier caché sont "
+"laissées. Enfin, le fichier caché est supprimé. Certaines informations d'âge "
+"des mots de passe sont perdues par <command>pwunconv</command>. Il ne "
+"convertit que ce qu'il peut."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:164
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The options which apply to the <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</"
+#| "command> commands are:"
+msgid ""
+"The options which apply to the <_:command-1/>, <_:command-2/>, <_:command-3/"
+">, and <_:command-4/> commands are:"
+msgstr ""
+"Les options applicables aux commandes <command>vipw</command> et "
+"<command>vigr</command> sont :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:194
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate "
+#| "entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other "
+#| "strange ways. Please run <command>pwck</command> and <command>grpck</"
+#| "command> to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow "
+#| "passwords or groups."
+msgid ""
+"Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) "
+"may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways. "
+"Please run <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> to correct any such errors "
+"before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups."
+msgstr ""
+"Des erreurs dans les fichiers de mots de passe ou d'informations sur les "
+"groupes (comme des entrées invalides ou redondantes) peuvent conduire ces "
+"programmes à boucler indéfiniment ou à échouer d'une manière tout aussi "
+"étrange. Veuillez exécuter <command>pwck</command> et <command>grpck</"
+"command> pour corriger ces erreurs avant de lancer toute conversion."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename> change the behavior of <command>pwconv</command>:"
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variable in <_:filename-1/> changes the behavior "
+"of <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/>:"
+msgstr ""
+"Les variables de configuration suivantes dans <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename> changent le comportement de <command>pwconv</command> :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:213
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename> change the behavior of <command>pwconv</command>:"
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior "
+"of <_:command-2/>:"
+msgstr ""
+"Les variables de configuration suivantes dans <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename> changent le comportement de <command>pwconv</command> :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:249
+msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:240
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/><_:phrase-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:35
+msgid "Library Calls"
+msgstr "Appels de bibliothèque"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:41 shadow.3.xml.out:160
+msgid "getspnam"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:42
+msgid "encrypted password file routines"
+msgstr "routines d'utilisation des mots de passe cachés"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:46
+msgid "SYNTAX"
+msgstr "SYNTAX"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:48
+msgid "#include &lt;shadow.h&gt;"
+msgstr "#include &lt;shadow.h&gt;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:52
+msgid "struct spwd *getspent();"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:56
+msgid "struct spwd *getspnam(char"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspnam(char"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:57
+msgid "*name"
+msgstr "*nom"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:57 shadow.3.xml.out:70 shadow.3.xml.out:75
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:81
+msgid ");"
+msgstr ");"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:61
+msgid "void setspent();"
+msgstr "void setspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:65
+msgid "void endspent();"
+msgstr "void endspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:69
+msgid "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE"
+msgstr "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:70 shadow.3.xml.out:81
+msgid "*fp"
+msgstr "*fp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:74
+msgid "struct spwd *sgetspent(char"
+msgstr "struct spwd *sgetspent(char"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:75
+msgid "*cp"
+msgstr "*cp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:79
+msgid "int putspent(struct spwd"
+msgstr "int putspent(struct spwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:80
+msgid "*p,"
+msgstr "*p,"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:80
+msgid "FILE"
+msgstr "FICHIER"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:85
+msgid "int lckpwdf();"
+msgstr "int lckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:89
+msgid "int ulckpwdf();"
+msgstr "int ulckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:98
+msgid "#include"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:95
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> manipulates the contents of the "
+#| "shadow password file, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. The structure in "
+#| "the <emphasis remap=\"I\">#include</emphasis> file is:"
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> manipulates the contents of the shadow password file, <_:"
+"filename-2/>. The structure in the <_:emphasis-3/> file is:"
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> manipule le contenu du fichier des "
+"mots de passe cachés, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. La structure définie "
+"dans le fichier inclus est :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:100
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "struct spwd {\n"
+#| "      char\t\t*sp_namp; /* user login name */\n"
+#| "      char\t\t*sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_lstchg; /* last password change */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_min; /* days until change allowed. */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_max; /* days before change required */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_inact; /* days before account inactive */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_expire; /* date when account expires */\n"
+#| "      unsigned long int\tsp_flag; /* reserved for future use */\n"
+#| "}\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid ""
+"struct spwd { char *sp_namp; /* user login name */ char *sp_pwdp; /* "
+"encrypted password */ long int sp_lstchg; /* last password change */ long "
+"int sp_min; /* days until change allowed. */ long int sp_max; /* days before "
+"change required */ long int sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */ long "
+"int sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */ long int sp_expire; /* date "
+"when account expires */ unsigned long int sp_flag; /* reserved for future "
+"use */ }"
+msgstr ""
+"struct spwd {\n"
+"      char\t\t*sp_namp; /* nom de connexion de l'utilisateur */\n"
+"      char\t\t*sp_pwdp; /* mot de passe chiffré */\n"
+"      long int\t\tsp_lstchg; /* dernier changement de mot de passe */\n"
+"      long int\t\tsp_min; /* jours avant de pouvoir changer de mot de passe "
+"*/\n"
+"      long int\t\tsp_max; /* jours avant l'obligation de changer de mot de "
+"passe */\n"
+"      long int\t\tsp_warn; /* jours d'avertissement avant la fin de validité "
+"*/\n"
+"      long int\t\tsp_inact; /* jours avant que le compte soit inactif */\n"
+"      long int\t\tsp_expire; /* date de fin de validité du compte */\n"
+"      unsigned long int\tsp_flag; /* réservé pour une utilisation future */\n"
+"}\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:112
+msgid "The meanings of each field are:"
+msgstr "La signification de chaque champ est la suivante :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:115
+msgid "sp_namp - pointer to null-terminated user name"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_namp - pointeur vers le nom d'utilisateur terminé par un zéro binaire "
+"(« null-terminated »)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:118
+msgid "sp_pwdp - pointer to null-terminated password"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_pwdp - pointeur vers le mot de passe terminé par un zéro binaire (« null-"
+"terminated »)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:121
+msgid "sp_lstchg - days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_lstchg - nombre de jours, comptés à partir du 1er janvier 1970, depuis la "
+"dernière modification du mot de passe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:124
+msgid "sp_min - days before which password may not be changed"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_min - nombre de jours pendant lesquels le mot de passe ne peut pas être "
+"changé"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:127
+msgid "sp_max - days after which password must be changed"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_max - nombre maximal de jours avant que le mot de passe doive être changé"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:130
+msgid ""
+"sp_warn - days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending "
+"password expiration"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_warn - nombre de jours avant que le mot de passe n'arrive en fin de "
+"validité pendant lesquels l'utilisateur est averti de la fin prochaine de la "
+"validité de son mot de passe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"sp_inact - days after password expires that account is considered inactive "
+"and disabled"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_inact - nombre de jours après la fin de validité du mot de passe avant de "
+"considérer que le compte est inactif et soit désactivé"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:140
+msgid "sp_expire - days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_expire - nombre de jours, comptés à partir du 1er janvier 1970, après "
+"lesquels le compte sera désactivé"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:143
+msgid "sp_flag - reserved for future use"
+msgstr "sp_flag - réservé pour une utilisation future"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:152 shadow.3.xml.out:155
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "getspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "getspname"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:153 shadow.3.xml.out:156
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "fgetspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:153 shadow.3.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "sgetspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:154 shadow.3.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "struct spwd *getspent();"
+msgid "struct spwd"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:161
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "*name"
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "*nom"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:151
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis>getspent</emphasis>, <emphasis>getspname</emphasis>, "
+#| "<emphasis>fgetspent</emphasis>, and <emphasis>sgetspent</emphasis> each "
+#| "return a pointer to a <emphasis>struct spwd</emphasis>. "
+#| "<emphasis>getspent</emphasis> returns the next entry from the file, and "
+#| "<emphasis>fgetspent</emphasis> returns the next entry from the given "
+#| "stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format. "
+#| "<emphasis>sgetspent</emphasis> returns a pointer to a <emphasis>struct "
+#| "spwd</emphasis> using the provided string as input. <emphasis>getspnam</"
+#| "emphasis> searches from the current position in the file for an entry "
+#| "matching <emphasis>name</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and <_:emphasis-4/> each "
+"return a pointer to a <_:emphasis-5/>. <_:emphasis-6/> returns the next "
+"entry from the file, and <_:emphasis-7/> returns the next entry from the "
+"given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format. <_:"
+"emphasis-8/> returns a pointer to a <_:emphasis-9/> using the provided "
+"string as input. <_:emphasis-10/> searches from the current position in the "
+"file for an entry matching <_:emphasis-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis>Getspent</emphasis>, <emphasis>getspname</emphasis>, "
+"<emphasis>fgetspent</emphasis>, et <emphasis>sgetspent</emphasis> renvoient "
+"tous un pointeur vers une structure <emphasis>struct spwd</emphasis>. "
+"<emphasis>Getspent</emphasis> renvoie l'entrée suivante du fichier, et "
+"<emphasis>fgetspent</emphasis> renvoie l'entrée suivante du flux qui est "
+"considéré comme étant un fichier au format correct. <emphasis>Sgetspent</"
+"emphasis> renvoie un pointeur vers une structure <emphasis>struct spwd</"
+"emphasis> en utilisant la chaîne de caractère fournie en entrée. "
+"<emphasis>Getspnam</emphasis> cherche à partir de la position courante une "
+"entrée correspondant à <emphasis>nom</emphasis> dans le fichier fourni en "
+"entrée."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "void setspent();"
+msgid "setspent"
+msgstr "void setspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "void endspent();"
+msgid "endspent"
+msgstr "void endspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:164
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis>setspent</emphasis> and <emphasis>endspent</emphasis> may be "
+#| "used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> may be used to begin and end, "
+"respectively, access to the shadow password file."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis>Setspent</emphasis> et <emphasis>endspent</emphasis> peuvent être "
+"utilisés pour débuter et terminer l'accès au fichier de mots de passe cachés."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:171 shadow.3.xml.out:173 shadow.3.xml.out:178
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "int lckpwdf();"
+msgid "lckpwdf"
+msgstr "int lckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:171
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "int ulckpwdf();"
+msgid "ulckpwdf"
+msgstr "int ulckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:174
+msgid "pw_lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:176
+msgid "spw_lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+# TBD: vérifier tous les remap
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:170
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> and <emphasis>ulckpwdf</emphasis> "
+#| "routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the <filename>/etc/"
+#| "shadow</filename> file. <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> attempts to acquire "
+#| "a lock using <emphasis>pw_lock</emphasis> for up to 15 seconds. It "
+#| "continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using "
+#| "<emphasis>spw_lock</emphasis> for the remainder of the initial 15 "
+#| "seconds. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds, "
+#| "<emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> returns -1. When both locks are acquired 0 "
+#| "is returned."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> routines should be used to insure "
+"exclusive access to the <_:filename-3/> file. <_:emphasis-4/> attempts to "
+"acquire a lock using <_:emphasis-5/> for up to 15 seconds. It continues by "
+"attempting to acquire a second lock using <_:emphasis-6/> for the remainder "
+"of the initial 15 seconds. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 "
+"seconds, <_:emphasis-7/> returns -1. When both locks are acquired 0 is "
+"returned."
+msgstr ""
+"Les fonctions <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> et <emphasis>ulckpwdf</emphasis> "
+"doivent être utilisées pour garantir un accès exclusif au fichier <filename>/"
+"etc/shadow</filename>. <emphasis>Lckpwdf</emphasis> essaie de placer un "
+"verrou avec <emphasis>pw_lock</emphasis> pendant 15 secondes. Il essaie "
+"ensuite de placer un second verrou en utilisant <emphasis>spw_lock</"
+"emphasis> pendant le reste de ces 15 secondes. Si un de ces verrous ne peut "
+"être placé, <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> renvoie -1. Quand les deux verrous "
+"peuvent être placés, la valeur 0 est renvoyée."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:184 suauth.5.xml.out:189
+msgid "DIAGNOSTICS"
+msgstr "DIAGNOSTICS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:187
+msgid "int"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:185
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error "
+#| "occurs during processing. Routines which have <emphasis>int</emphasis> as "
+#| "the return value return 0 for success and -1 for failure."
+msgid ""
+"Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs "
+"during processing. Routines which have <_:emphasis-1/> as the return value "
+"return 0 for success and -1 for failure."
+msgstr ""
+"Les fonctions renvoient NULL si plus aucune entrée n'est disponible ou si "
+"une erreur est survenue lors du traitement. Les fonctions dont la valeur de "
+"retour est un <emphasis>int</emphasis> renvoient 0 en cas de succès et -1 en "
+"cas d'échec."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"These routines may only be used by the superuser as access to the shadow "
+"password file is restricted."
+msgstr ""
+"Ces fonctions peuvent n'être utilisées que par le superutilisateur car "
+"l'accès au fichier de mots de passe cachés est restreint."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:217
+msgid "getpwent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "shadowed password file"
+msgstr "fichier des mots de passe cachés"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>shadow</filename> is a file which contains the password "
+#| "information for the system's accounts and optional aging information."
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> is a file which contains the password information for the "
+"system's accounts and optional aging information."
+msgstr ""
+"<filename>shadow</filename> est un fichier qui contient les informations "
+"cachées concernant les mots de passe des utilisateurs et leurs dates de "
+"validité."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (<quote>:</"
+#| "quote>), in the following order:"
+msgid ""
+"Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (<_:quote-1/"
+">), in the following order:"
+msgstr ""
+"Chaque ligne de ce fichier contient 9 champs, séparés par des deux-points "
+"(<quote>:</quote>), dans l'ordre suivant :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "It must be a valid account name, which exist on the system."
+msgstr "Ce doit être un nom de compte valable, qui existe sur le système."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to "
+#| "authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications "
+#| "which read the <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file may decide not to "
+#| "permit any access at all if the password field is empty."
+msgid ""
+"This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to "
+"authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications which "
+"read the <_:filename-1/> file may decide not to permit any access at all if "
+"the password field is empty."
+msgstr ""
+"Ce champ peut être vide. Dans ce cas aucun mot de passe n'est nécessaire "
+"pour s'authentifier avec l'identifiant de connexion indiqué. Cependant, "
+"certaines applications qui lisent le fichier <filename>/etc/shadow</"
+"filename> peuvent n'autoriser aucun accès si le mot de passe est vide."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:103
+msgid "date of last password change"
+msgstr "date du dernier changement de mot de passe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:106
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days "
+#| "since Jan 1, 1970."
+msgid ""
+"The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since "
+"Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC."
+msgstr ""
+"La date du dernier changement de mot de passe, exprimée en nombre de jours "
+"depuis le 1er janvier 1970."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:110
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her "
+"password the next time she will log in the system."
+msgstr ""
+"La valeur 0 a une signification particulière : l'utilisateur devra changer "
+"son mot de passe la prochaine fois qu'il se connectera au système."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:115
+msgid "An empty field means that password aging features are disabled."
+msgstr ""
+"Un champ vide indique que les fonctionnalités de vieillissement de mot de "
+"passe sont désactivées."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:122
+msgid "minimum password age"
+msgstr "âge minimum du mot de passe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"The minimum password age is the number of days the user will have to wait "
+"before she will be allowed to change her password again."
+msgstr ""
+"L'âge minimum du mot de passe est la durée (en jour) que l'utilisateur devra "
+"attendre avant de pouvoir le changer de nouveau."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no minimum password age."
+msgid "An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age."
+msgstr ""
+"Un champ vide ou une valeur de 0 signifie qu'il n'y a pas d'âge minimum pour "
+"le mot de passe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:136
+msgid "maximum password age"
+msgstr "âge maximum du mot de passe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"The maximum password age is the number of days after which the user will "
+"have to change her password."
+msgstr ""
+"L'âge maximum du mot de passe est la durée (en jour) après laquelle "
+"l'utilisateur devra changer son mot de passe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:142
+msgid ""
+"After this number of days is elapsed, the password may still be valid. The "
+"user should be asked to change her password the next time she will log in."
+msgstr ""
+"Une fois cette durée écoulée, le mot de passe restera valable. Il sera "
+"demandé à l'utilisateur de le changer la prochaine fois qu'il se connectera."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:147
+msgid ""
+"An empty field means that there are no maximum password age, no password "
+"warning period, and no password inactivity period (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Un champ vide signifie qu'il n'y a pour le mot de passe aucune limite d'âge, "
+"aucune période d'avertissement d'expiration et aucune période d'inactivité "
+"(voir ci-dessous)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:152
+msgid ""
+"If the maximum password age is lower than the minimum password age, the user "
+"cannot change her password."
+msgstr ""
+"Si l'âge maximum du mot de passe est plus petit que l'âge minimum du mot de "
+"passe, l'utilisateur ne pourra pas changer son mot de passe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:160
+msgid "password warning period"
+msgstr "période d'avertissement d'expiration du mot de passe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:163
+msgid ""
+"The number of days before a password is going to expire (see the maximum "
+"password age above) during which the user should be warned."
+msgstr ""
+"La durée (en jour) pendant laquelle l'utilisateur sera averti avant que le "
+"mot de passe n'expire (voir l'âge maximum du mot de passe ci-dessus)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:168
+msgid ""
+"An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no password warning period."
+msgstr ""
+"Un champ vide ou une valeur de 0 signifie qu'il n'y aura pas de période "
+"d'avertissement d'expiration du mot de passe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:176
+msgid "password inactivity period"
+msgstr "période d'inactivité du mot de passe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:179
+msgid ""
+"The number of days after a password has expired (see the maximum password "
+"age above) during which the password should still be accepted (and the user "
+"should update her password during the next login)."
+msgstr ""
+"La durée (en jour) pendant laquelle le mot de passe sera quand même accepté "
+"après son expiration (voir l'âge maximum du mot de passe ci-dessus). "
+"L'utilisateur devra mettre à jour son mot de passe à la prochaine connexion."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:185
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, "
+#| "no login is possible using the current user's password. The user should "
+#| "contact her administrator."
+msgid ""
+"After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no "
+"login is possible for the user. The user should contact her administrator."
+msgstr ""
+"Après expiration du mot de passe suivie de la période d'expiration, plus "
+"aucune connexion n'est possible en utilisant le mot de passe de "
+"l'utilisateur. L'utilisateur doit contacter son administrateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:190
+msgid ""
+"An empty field means that there are no enforcement of an inactivity period."
+msgstr "Un champ vide signifie qu'aucune période d'inactivité n'est imposée."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:198
+msgid "account expiration date"
+msgstr "date de fin de validité du compte"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:201
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days "
+#| "since Jan 1, 1970."
+msgid ""
+"The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since "
+"Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC."
+msgstr ""
+"La date d'expiration du compte, exprimé en nombre de jours depuis le "
+"1er janvier 1970."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:205
+msgid ""
+"Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration. In case "
+"of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login. In case of "
+"a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez noter que l'expiration d'un compte diffère de l'expiration d'un mot "
+"de passe. En cas d'expiration d'un compte, l'utilisateur ne sera plus "
+"autorisé à se connecter. En cas d'expiration d'un mot de passe, "
+"l'utilisateur n'est pas autorisé à se connecter en utilisant son mot de "
+"passe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:211
+msgid "An empty field means that the account will never expire."
+msgstr "Un champ vide signifie que le compte n'expirera jamais."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:214
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 should not be used as it is interpreted as either an account "
+"with no expiration, or as an expiration on Jan 1, 1970."
+msgstr ""
+"La valeur 0 ne doit pas être utilisée puisqu'elle peut être interprétée soit "
+"comme un compte sans expiration, soit comme ayant expiré le 1er janvier 1970."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:222
+msgid "reserved field"
+msgstr "champ réservé"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:224
+msgid "This field is reserved for future use."
+msgstr "Ce champ est réservé pour une utilisation future."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:246
+msgid "/etc/shadow-"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:248
+msgid "Backup file for /etc/shadow."
+msgstr "Fichier de sauvegarde pour /etc/shadow."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: sg.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "execute command as different group ID"
+msgstr "exécuter une commande avec un autre identifiant de groupe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: sg.1.xml.out:49
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group <placeholder-1/> command"
+msgid "group <_:arg-1/> command"
+msgstr "groupe <placeholder-1/> commande"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: sg.1.xml.out:58
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>sg</command> command works similar to <command>newgrp</"
+#| "command> but accepts a command. The command will be executed with the "
+#| "<filename>/bin/sh</filename> shell. With most shells you may run "
+#| "<command>sg</command> from, you need to enclose multi-word commands in "
+#| "quotes. Another difference between <command>newgrp</command> and "
+#| "<command>sg</command> is that some shells treat <command>newgrp</command> "
+#| "specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that "
+#| "<command>newgrp</command> creates. This doesn't happen with <command>sg</"
+#| "command>, so upon exit from a <command>sg</command> command you are "
+#| "returned to your previous group ID."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command works similar to <_:command-2/> but accepts a "
+"command. The command will be executed with the <_:filename-3/> shell. With "
+"most shells you may run <_:command-4/> from, you need to enclose multi-word "
+"commands in quotes. Another difference between <_:command-5/> and <_:"
+"command-6/> is that some shells treat <_:command-7/> specially, replacing "
+"themselves with a new instance of a shell that <_:command-8/> creates. This "
+"doesn't happen with <_:command-9/>, so upon exit from a <_:command-10/> "
+"command you are returned to your previous group ID."
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>sg</command> fonctionne de la même manière que "
+"<command>newgrp</command>, mais prend une commande comme paramètre. Cette "
+"commande sera exécutée avec un interpréteur de commandes <filename>/bin/sh</"
+"filename>. Avec la plupart des interpréteurs de commandes permettant "
+"d'exécuter <command>sg</command>, si la commande comporte plusieurs mots, il "
+"faut la placer entre des guillemets (« \" »). Une autre différence entre "
+"<command>newgrp</command> et <command>sg</command> est que certains "
+"interpréteurs de commandes traitent <command>newgrp</command> de façon "
+"particulière, en se remplaçant eux-mêmes par une nouvelle instance d'un "
+"interpréteur que <command>newgrp</command> crée. Ceci n'est pas le cas de "
+"<command>sg</command>, ce qui permet de retrouver le groupe précédent à la "
+"sortie de <command>sg</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: su.1.xml.out:58
+msgid "change user ID or become superuser"
+msgstr "Changer d'identifiant d'utilisateur ou devenir superutilisateur"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:72
+msgid "args"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:80
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>su</command> command is used to become another user during a "
+#| "login session. Invoked without a <option>username</option>, <command>su</"
+#| "command> defaults to becoming the superuser. The optional argument "
+#| "<option>-</option> may be used to provide an environment similar to what "
+#| "the user would expect had the user logged in directly."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to become another user during a login "
+"session. Invoked without a <_:option-2/>, <_:command-3/> defaults to "
+"becoming the superuser. The <_:option-4/> option may be used to provide an "
+"environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in "
+"directly. The <_:option-5/> option may be used to treat the next argument as "
+"a command by most shells."
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>su</command> permet de devenir un autre utilisateur "
+"pour la durée d'une session. Invoqué sans nom d'<option>utilisateur</"
+"option>, le comportement par défaut de <command>su</command>est de devenir "
+"superutilisateur. Le paramètre optionnel <option>-</option> permet d'obtenir "
+"un environnement similaire à celui que l'utilisateur aurait obtenu lors "
+"d'une connexion directe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:92 su.1.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "--"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:90
+msgid ""
+"Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list. You can use the <_:"
+"option-1/> argument to stop option parsing. The <_:option-2/> option is "
+"special: it is also recognized after <_:option-3/>, but has to be placed "
+"before <_:option-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:98
+msgid ""
+"The user will be prompted for a password, if appropriate. Invalid passwords "
+"will produce an error message. All attempts, both valid and invalid, are "
+"logged to detect abuse of the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Un mot de passe sera demandé à l'utilisateur, si nécessaire. Les mots de "
+"passe incorrects produisent un message d'erreur. Toutes les tentatives, "
+"réussies ou non, sont enregistrées afin de détecter tout abus du système."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: su.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "/bin:/usr/bin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: su.1.xml.out:106
+msgid "/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:108 su.1.xml.out:220
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "$PATH"
+msgid "ENV_PATH"
+msgstr "$PATH"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:108 su.1.xml.out:221
+msgid "ENV_SUPATH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:103
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of "
+#| "<envar>$PATH</envar> is reset to <filename>/bin:/usr/bin</filename> for "
+#| "normal users, or <filename>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</filename> for "
+#| "the superuser. This may be changed with the <option>ENV_PATH</option> and "
+#| "<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> definitions in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of <_:envar-1/"
+"> is reset to <_:filename-2/> for normal users, or <_:filename-3/> for the "
+"superuser. This may be changed with the <_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/> "
+"definitions in <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"L'environnement actuel est fourni au nouvel interpréteur de commandes. La "
+"valeur de <envar>$PATH</envar> est réinitialisée à <filename>/bin:/usr/bin</"
+"filename> pour les utilisateurs normaux, ou à <emphasis>/sbin:/bin:/usr/"
+"sbin:/usr/bin</emphasis> pour le superutilisateur. Ce comportement peut être "
+"modifié avec les paramètres <emphasis>ENV_PATH</emphasis> et "
+"<emphasis>ENV_SUPATH</emphasis> dans <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>. "
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+msgid "--command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+msgid "COMMAND"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its <option>-c</"
+#| "option>."
+msgid ""
+"Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its <_:option-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Indiquer une commande qui sera invoquée par l'interpréteur de commandes en "
+"utilisant son option <option>-c</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"The executed command will have no controlling terminal. This option cannot "
+"be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY."
+msgstr ""
+"La commande exécutée n'aura aucun terminal de contrôle. Cette option ne peut "
+"pas être utilisée pour exécuter des programmes interactifs qui ont besoin "
+"d'un terminal de contrôle."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:156 su.1.xml.out:256 su.1.xml.out:263
+#: su.1.xml.out:273 su.1.xml.out:286 usermod.8.xml.out:217
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "--login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: su.1.xml.out:143 su.1.xml.out:206
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>"
+msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:147
+msgid ""
+"Provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user "
+"logged in directly."
+msgstr ""
+"Fournir à l'utilisateur un environnement similaire à celui qu'il aurait "
+"obtenu s'il s'était connecté directement."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:151
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When <option>-</option> is used, it must be specified before any "
+#| "<option>username</option>. For portability it is recommended to use it as "
+#| "last option, before any <option>username</option>. The other forms "
+#| "(<option>-l</option> and <option>--login</option>) do not have this "
+#| "restriction."
+msgid ""
+"When <_:option-1/> is used, it must be specified before any <_:option-2/>. "
+"For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any <_:"
+"option-3/>. The other forms (<_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/>) do not have "
+"this restriction."
+msgstr ""
+"Lorsque <option>-</option> est utilisé, il doit être indiqué avant un "
+"<option>username</option>. Pour des questions de portabilité, on vous "
+"recommande de de l'utiliser en dernière option, avant un <option>username</"
+"option>. Les autres formes (<option>-l</option> et <option>--login</option>) "
+"ne présentent pas cette restriction."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:166
+msgid "The shell that will be invoked."
+msgstr "Interpréteur de commande devant être appelé."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:174
+msgid "The shell specified with --shell."
+msgstr "Interpréteur de commande indiqué par --shell."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:178 su.1.xml.out:208
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Preserve environment."
+msgid "--preserve-environment"
+msgstr "Préserver l'environnement."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:177
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--preserve-environment</option> is used, the shell specified "
+#| "by the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environment variable."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the shell specified by the <_:envar-2/> "
+"environment variable."
+msgstr ""
+"Si <option>--preserve-environment</option> est utilisé, l'interpréteur de "
+"commandes indiqué par la variable d'environnement <envar>$SHELL</envar> sera "
+"utilisé."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:184
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The shell indicated in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> entry for the "
+#| "target user."
+msgid "The shell indicated in the <_:filename-1/> entry for the target user."
+msgstr ""
+"Interpréteur de commandes indiqué dans <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> pour "
+"l'utilisateur cible."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:190
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/bin/sh</filename> if a shell could not be found by any above "
+#| "method."
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> if a shell could not be found by any above method."
+msgstr ""
+"<filename>/bin/sh</filename> si aucun interpréteur de commandes ne peut être "
+"trouvé par l'une des méthodes ci-dessus."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:167
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): <placeholder-1/"
+#| ">"
+msgid ""
+"The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): <_:variablelist-1/"
+">"
+msgstr ""
+"L'interpréteur de commandes à appeler est choisi parmi (le choix de plus "
+"haute priorité en tête) : <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:195
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of this "
+#| "user's entry in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> is not listed in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/shells</filename>), then the <option>--shell</option> "
+#| "option or the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environment variable won't be taken "
+#| "into account, unless <command>su</command> is called by root."
+msgid ""
+"If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of this "
+"user's entry in <_:filename-1/> is not listed in <_:filename-2/>), then the "
+"<_:option-3/> option or the <_:envar-4/> environment variable won't be taken "
+"into account, unless <_:command-5/> is called by root."
+msgstr ""
+"Si l'utilisateur cible possède un interpréteur de commande restreint (par "
+"exemple, le champ de l'interpréteur de commande dans <filename>/etc/passwd</"
+"filename> n'est pas renseigné dans <filename>/etc/shells</filename>), alors, "
+"ni l'option <option>--shell</option> ni la variable d'environnement "
+"<envar>$SHELL</envar> ne seront prises en compte à moins que <command>su</"
+"command> ne soit appelé par le superutilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:217
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "reset according to the <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> options "
+#| "<option>ENV_PATH</option> or <option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (see below);"
+msgid ""
+"reset according to the <_:filename-1/> options <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/"
+"> (see below);"
+msgstr ""
+"réinitialise suivant les options <option>ENV_PATH</option> ou "
+"<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> dans <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> (voir "
+"ci-dessous) :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/envar
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:226 su.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "$IFS"
+msgstr "$IFS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: su.1.xml.out:230
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "reset to <quote>&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;</quote>, if it "
+#| "was set."
+msgid "&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;"
+msgstr ""
+"réinitialise à <quote>&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;</quote>, s'il "
+"a été défini."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:228
+msgid "reset to <_:quote-1/>, if it was set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Preserve the current environment, except for: <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "Preserve the current environment, except for: <_:variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr "Préserver l'environnement actuel, sauf pour : <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:237
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect "
+#| "(unless <command>su</command> is called by root)."
+msgid ""
+"If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless "
+"<_:command-1/> is called by root)."
+msgstr ""
+"Si l'utilisateur cible possède un interpréteur de commandes restreint, cette "
+"option n'a aucun effet (à moins que <command>su</command> ne soit appelé par "
+"le superutilisateur)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:248
+msgid "$USER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:246
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <envar>$HOME</envar>, <envar>$SHELL</envar>, <envar>$USER</envar>, "
+#| "<envar>$LOGNAME</envar>, <envar>$PATH</envar>, and <envar>$IFS</envar> "
+#| "environment variables are reset."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:envar-1/>, <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, <_:envar-5/>, "
+"and <_:envar-6/> environment variables are reset."
+msgstr ""
+"Les variables d'environnement <envar>$HOME</envar>, <envar>$SHELL</envar>, "
+"<envar>$USER</envar>, <envar>$LOGNAME</envar>, <envar>$PATH</envar> et "
+"<envar>$IFS</envar> sont réinitialisées."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:255
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--login</option> is not used, the environment is copied, "
+#| "except for the variables above."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is not used, the environment is copied, except for the "
+"variables above."
+msgstr ""
+"Si <option>--login</option> n'est pas utilisée, l'environnement est copié "
+"sauf pour les variables ci-dessus."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:264
+msgid "$COLORTERM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:265
+msgid "$DISPLAY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:266
+msgid "$XAUTHORITY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:262
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--login</option> is used, the <envar>$TERM</envar>, "
+#| "<envar>$COLORTERM</envar>, <envar>$DISPLAY</envar>, and "
+#| "<envar>$XAUTHORITY</envar> environment variables are copied if they were "
+#| "set."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, and "
+"<_:envar-5/> environment variables are copied if they were set."
+msgstr ""
+"Si <option>--login</option> est utilisée, les variables d'environnement "
+"<envar>$TERM</envar>, <envar>$COLORTERM</envar>, <envar>$DISPLAY</envar> et "
+"<envar>$XAUTHORITY</envar> sont copiées si elles ont été définies."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:274
+msgid "$TZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:274
+msgid "$HZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:279
+msgid "ENV_HZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:279 userdel.8.xml.out:116
+msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:280
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "FILE"
+msgid "MAIL_FILE"
+msgstr "FICHIER"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:272
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--login</option> is used, the <envar>$TZ</envar>, <envar>$HZ</"
+#| "envar>, and <envar>$MAIL</envar> environment variables are set according "
+#| "to the <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> options <option>ENV_TZ</"
+#| "option>, <option>ENV_HZ</option>, <option>MAIL_DIR</option>, and "
+#| "<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (see below)."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, and <_:envar-4/> "
+"environment variables are set according to the <_:filename-5/> options <_:"
+"option-6/>, <_:option-7/>, <_:option-8/>, and <_:option-9/> (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Si <option>--login</option> est utilisée, les variables d'environnement "
+"<envar>$TZ</envar>, <envar>$HZ</envar> et <envar>$MAIL</envar> sont "
+"configurées en accord avec les options <option>ENV_TZ</option>, "
+"<option>ENV_HZ</option>, <option>MAIL_DIR</option> et <option>MAIL_FILE</"
+"option> de <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> (voir ci-dessous)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:288
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "ENVIRONMENT"
+msgid "ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr "ENVIRONNEMENT"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:285
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--login</option> is used, other environment variables might be "
+#| "set by the <option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> file (see below)."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, other environment variables might be set by the <_:"
+"option-2/> file (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Si <option>--login</option> est utilisée, les autres variables "
+"d'environnement peuvent être configurées par le fichier "
+"<option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> (voir ci-dessous)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:293
+msgid "Other environments might be set by PAM modules."
+msgstr "D'autres environnements peuvent être configurés par des modules PAM."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:241
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: "
+#| "<placeholder-1/>"
+msgid ""
+"Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: <_:"
+"variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Notez que le comportement par défaut pour l'environnement est le suivant : "
+"<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:367
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "On success, <command>su</command> returns the exit value of the command "
+#| "it executed."
+msgid ""
+"On success, <_:command-1/> returns the exit value of the command it executed."
+msgstr ""
+"En cas de succès, <command>su</command> renvoie la valeur de sortie de la "
+"commande qu'il a exécutée."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:371
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this command was terminated by a signal, <command>su</command> returns "
+#| "the number of this signal plus 128."
+msgid ""
+"If this command was terminated by a signal, <_:command-1/> returns the "
+"number of this signal plus 128."
+msgstr ""
+"Si cette commande s'est terminée par un signal, <command>su</command> y "
+"ajoute 128 et renvoie le résultat."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:375
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the "
+#| "command did not terminate in time), <command>su</command> returns 255."
+msgid ""
+"If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the "
+"command did not terminate in time), <_:command-1/> returns 255."
+msgstr ""
+"Si <command>su</command> doit tuer la commande (parce qu'il a été demandé de "
+"terminer et que la commande ne s'est pas terminée à temps), <command>su</"
+"command> renvoie 255."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:387
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "success (<option>--help</option> only)"
+msgid "success (<_:option-1/> only)"
+msgstr "succès (<option>--help</option> uniquement)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:393
+msgid "System or authentication failure"
+msgstr "Échec système ou d'authentification"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:397
+msgid "126"
+msgstr "126"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:399
+msgid "The requested command was not found"
+msgstr "La commande demandée n'a pas été trouvée."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:403
+msgid "127"
+msgstr "127"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:405
+msgid "The requested command could not be executed"
+msgstr "La commande demandée n'a pas pu être exécutée."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:380
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Some exit values from <command>su</command> are independent from the "
+#| "executed command: <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid ""
+"Some exit values from <_:command-1/> are independent from the executed "
+"command: <_:variablelist-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Certaines valeurs de retour de <command>su</command> sont indépendantes de "
+"la commande exécutée : <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:414
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#| "citerefentry>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:33 suauth.5.xml.out:40
+msgid "suauth"
+msgstr "suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "detailed su control file"
+msgstr "Fichier de contrôle détaillé de su"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:46 suauth.5.xml.out:53 suauth.5.xml.out:172
+msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:52
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The file <filename>/etc/suauth</filename> is referenced whenever the su "
+#| "command is called. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based "
+#| "upon:"
+msgid ""
+"The file <_:filename-1/> is referenced whenever the su command is called. It "
+"can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:"
+msgstr ""
+"Le fichier <filename>/etc/suauth</filename> est lu chaque fois que su est "
+"exécuté. Il permet de modifier le comportement de la commande su, en "
+"fonction de :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      1) the user su is targeting\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "1) the user su is targeting"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      1) l'utilisateur cible de su\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:63
+msgid ""
+"2) the user executing the su command (or any groups he might be a member of)"
+msgstr ""
+"2) l'utilisateur qui exécute la commande su (ou un groupe dont il est membre)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:68
+msgid ""
+"The file is formatted like this, with lines starting with a # being treated "
+"as comment lines and ignored;"
+msgstr ""
+"Le fichier est formaté de la façon suivante (les lignes commençant par un "
+"« # » sont des commentaires, et sont ignorées) :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:73
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      to-id:from-id:ACTION\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "to-id:from-id:ACTION"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      vers-id:par-id:ACTION\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "ALL EXCEPT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:77
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Where to-id is either the word <emphasis>ALL</emphasis>, a list of "
+#| "usernames delimited by \",\" or the words <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT</emphasis> "
+#| "followed by a list of usernames delimited by \",\"."
+msgid ""
+"Where to-id is either the word <_:emphasis-1/>, a list of usernames "
+"delimited by \",\" or the words <_:emphasis-2/> followed by a list of "
+"usernames delimited by \",\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Où vers-id peut être le mot <emphasis>ALL</emphasis>, une liste de noms "
+"d'utilisateurs séparés par une virgule ou <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT</emphasis> "
+"suivi d'une liste d'utilisateurs séparés par une virgule."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "ALL EXCEPT GROUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:83
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word "
+#| "<emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> is recognized. <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT GROUP</"
+#| "emphasis> is perfectly valid too. Following <emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> "
+#| "appears one or more group names, delimited by \",\". It is not sufficient "
+#| "to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>/etc/group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> is necessary."
+msgid ""
+"from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word <_:emphasis-1/> "
+"is recognized. <_:emphasis-2/> is perfectly valid too. Following <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> appears one or more group names, delimited by \",\". It is not "
+"sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/> is necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"par-id utilise le même format que vers-id, mais accepte également le mot-clé "
+"<emphasis>GROUP</emphasis>. <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT GROUP</emphasis> est "
+"également accepté. <emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> est suivi d'un ou plusieurs "
+"noms de groupes, séparés par une virgule. Il n'est pas suffisant d'avoir "
+"comme groupe primaire le groupe approprié : une entrée dans "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>/etc/group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+"manvolnum></citerefentry> est nécessaire."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:94
+msgid "Action can be one only of the following currently supported options."
+msgstr "Les valeurs d'ACTION valables sont :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:100
+msgid "DENY"
+msgstr "DENY"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:103
+msgid "The attempt to su is stopped before a password is even asked for."
+msgstr ""
+"La tentative de changement d'utilisateur est arrêtée avant que le mot de "
+"passe ne soit demandé."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "NOPASS"
+msgstr "NOPASS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:113
+msgid ""
+"The attempt to su is automatically successful; no password is asked for."
+msgstr ""
+"La tentative est automatiquement réussie. Aucun mot de passe n'est demandé."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:121
+msgid "OWNPASS"
+msgstr "OWNPASS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"For the su command to be successful, the user must enter his or her own "
+"password. They are told this."
+msgstr ""
+"Pour que la commande su soit réussie, l'utilisateur doit entrer son propre "
+"mot de passe. Ceci lui est demandé."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"Note there are three separate fields delimited by a colon. No whitespace "
+"must surround this colon. Also note that the file is examined sequentially "
+"line by line, and the first applicable rule is used without examining the "
+"file further. This makes it possible for a system administrator to exercise "
+"as fine control as he or she wishes."
+msgstr ""
+"Notez qu'il y a trois champs séparés par un « deux-points ». Ne pas accoler "
+"d'espace à ce « deux-points ». Notez aussi que le fichier est examiné "
+"séquentiellement ligne par ligne, et que la première règle applicable est "
+"utilisée sans que le reste du fichier ne soit examiné. Ceci permet à "
+"l'administrateur système de définir un contrôle aussi fin qu'il le souhaite."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:142
+msgid "EXAMPLE"
+msgstr "EXEMPLE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:143
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      # sample /etc/suauth file\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      # A couple of privileged usernames may\n"
+#| "      # su to root with their own password.\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      # Anyone else may not su to root unless in\n"
+#| "      # group wheel. This is how BSD does things.\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts\n"
+#| "      # owned by the same person.\n"
+#| "      # Access can be arranged between them\n"
+#| "      # with no password.\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      terry:birddog:NOPASS\n"
+#| "      birddog:terry:NOPASS\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid ""
+"# sample /etc/suauth file # # A couple of privileged usernames may # su to "
+"root with their own password. # root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS # # Anyone else "
+"may not su to root unless in # group wheel. This is how BSD does things. # "
+"root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY # # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts "
+"# owned by the same person. # Access can be arranged between them # with no "
+"password. # terry:birddog:NOPASS birddog:terry:NOPASS #"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      # exemple de fichier /etc/suauth\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      # Deux utilisateurs privilégiés peuvent\n"
+"      # devenir root avec leur propre mot de passe.\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      # Les autres ne peuvent pas de venir root avec\n"
+"      # su, à l'exception des membres du groupe wheel.\n"
+"      # Ceci correspond au comportement des BSD.\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      # terry et birddog sont des comptes possédés\n"
+"      # par la même personne.\n"
+"      # Un accès sans mot passe est aménagé\n"
+"      # entre ces deux comptes.\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      terry:birddog:NOPASS\n"
+"      birddog:terry:NOPASS\n"
+"      #\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:180
+msgid ""
+"There could be plenty lurking. The file parser is particularly unforgiving "
+"about syntax errors, expecting no spurious whitespace (apart from beginning "
+"and end of lines), and a specific token delimiting different things."
+msgstr ""
+"Il en reste sans doute beaucoup. L'analyseur du fichier est particulièrement "
+"impitoyable avec les erreurs de syntaxe. Il n'autorise d'espace qu'en début "
+"et fin de ligne, et seul le délimiteur spécifique doit être utilisé."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:192
+msgid "syslogd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:190
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "An error parsing the file is reported using "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslogd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> as level ERR on facility AUTH."
+msgid ""
+"An error parsing the file is reported using <_:citerefentry-1/> as level ERR "
+"on facility AUTH."
+msgstr ""
+"Une erreur dans l'analyse du fichier est reportée via "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslogd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+"manvolnum></citerefentry> au niveau ERR dans la catégorie AUTH."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:60
+msgid "create a new user or update default new user information"
+msgstr ""
+"créer un nouvel utilisateur ou modifier les informations par défaut "
+"appliquées aux nouveaux utilisateurs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:72 useradd.8.xml.out:76 useradd.8.xml.out:86
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:169 useradd.8.xml.out:583 useradd.8.xml.out:585
+msgid "-D"
+msgstr "-D"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When invoked without the <option>-D</option> option, the "
+#| "<command>useradd</command> command creates a new user account using the "
+#| "values specified on the command line plus the default values from the "
+#| "system. Depending on command line options, the <command>useradd</command> "
+#| "command will update system files and may also create the new user's home "
+#| "directory and copy initial files."
+msgid ""
+"When invoked without the <_:option-1/> option, the <_:command-2/> command "
+"creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line "
+"plus the default values from the system. Depending on command line options, "
+"the <_:command-3/> command will update system files and may also create the "
+"new user's home directory and copy initial files."
+msgstr ""
+"Quand elle est invoquée sans l'option <option>-D</option>, la commande "
+"<command>useradd</command> crée un nouveau compte utilisateur qui utilise "
+"les valeurs indiquées sur la ligne de commande et les valeurs par défaut du "
+"système. En fonction des options de la ligne de commande, la commande "
+"<command>useradd</command> fera la mise à jour des fichiers du système, elle "
+"pourra créer le répertoire personnel et copier les fichiers initiaux."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see <option>-"
+#| "g</option>, <option>-N</option>, <option>-U</option>, and "
+#| "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option>)."
+msgid ""
+"By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see <_:option-1/"
+">, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, and <_:option-4/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Par défaut, un groupe sera également créé pour le nouvel utilisateur (voir "
+"<option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option>, <option>-U</option>, et "
+"<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:592
+msgid "--base-dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:124 useradd.8.xml.out:159
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:592 useradd.8.xml.out:598
+msgid "BASE_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:123 useradd.8.xml.out:151 useradd.8.xml.out:156
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:161 usermod.8.xml.out:112
+msgid "HOME_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:121
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default base directory for the system if <option>-d</option>&nbsp;"
+#| "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> is not specified. "
+#| "<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> is concatenated with the account name "
+#| "to define the home directory. If the <option>-m</option> option is not "
+#| "used, <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> must exist."
+msgid ""
+"The default base directory for the system if <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/"
+"> is not specified. <_:replaceable-3/> is concatenated with the account name "
+"to define the home directory."
+msgstr ""
+"Répertoire de base par défaut du système si l'option <option>-d</"
+"option>&nbsp;<replaceable>RÉP_PERSO</replaceable> n'est pas spécifiée. "
+"<replaceable>RÉP_BASE</replaceable> est concaténé avec le nom du compte pour "
+"définir le répertoire personnel. Quand l'option <option>-m</option> n'est "
+"pas utilisée, <replaceable>RÉP_BASE</replaceable> doit exister."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:131 useradd.8.xml.out:603
+msgid "HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:189 useradd.8.xml.out:212
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:250 useradd.8.xml.out:293 useradd.8.xml.out:343
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:393 useradd.8.xml.out:523 useradd.8.xml.out:604
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:616 useradd.8.xml.out:633 useradd.8.xml.out:649
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:663 useradd.8.xml.out:677 useradd.8.xml.out:767
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:419
+msgid "/etc/default/useradd"
+msgstr "/etc/default/useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "/home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this option is not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the "
+#| "base directory specified by the <option>HOME</option> variable in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or <filename>/home</filename> "
+#| "by default."
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the base directory "
+"specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or <_:filename-4/"
+"> by default."
+msgstr ""
+"Si cette option n'est pas précisée, <command>useradd</command> utilisera le "
+"répertoire de base précisé par la variable <option>HOME</option> dans "
+"<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> ou <filename>/home</filename> par "
+"défaut."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "--comment"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "COMMENT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:142
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Any text string. It is generally a short description of the login, and is "
+#| "currently used as the field for the user's full name."
+msgid ""
+"Any text string. It is generally a short description of the account, and is "
+"currently used as the field for the user's full name."
+msgstr ""
+"Toute chaîne de texte. C'est généralement une description courte du compte, "
+"elle est actuellement utilisée comme champ pour le nom complet de "
+"l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "--home-dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:154
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The new user will be created using <replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> as "
+#| "the value for the user's login directory. The default is to append the "
+#| "<replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> name to <replaceable>BASE_DIR</"
+#| "replaceable> and use that as the login directory name. The directory "
+#| "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> does not have to exist but will not "
+#| "be created if it is missing."
+msgid ""
+"The new user will be created using <_:replaceable-1/> as the value for the "
+"user's login directory. The default is to append the <_:replaceable-2/> name "
+"to <_:replaceable-3/> and use that as the login directory name. If the "
+"directory <_:replaceable-4/> does not exist, then it will be created unless "
+"the <_:option-5/> option is specified."
+msgstr ""
+"Le nouvel utilisateur sera créé en utilisant <replaceable>RÉP_PERSO</"
+"replaceable> comme valeur de répertoire de connexion de l'utilisateur. Le "
+"comportement par défaut est de concaténer <replaceable>UTILISATEUR</"
+"replaceable> au répertoire <replaceable>RÉP_BASE</replaceable>, et de "
+"l'utiliser en tant que nom de répertoire de connexion. Il n'est pas "
+"nécessaire que le répertoire <replaceable>RÉP_PERSO</replaceable> existe "
+"mais il ne sera pas créé s'il n'existe pas."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:169
+msgid "--defaults"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "See below, the subsection \"Changing the default values\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Consultez ci-dessous la sous-section « Modifier les valeurs par défaut »."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:184 usermod.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "YYYY-MM-DD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:182
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is "
+#| "specified in the format <emphasis remap=\"I\">YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified "
+"in the format <_:emphasis-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Date à laquelle le compte utilisateur sera désactivé. La date est indiquée "
+"dans le format <emphasis remap=\"I\">AAAA-MM-JJ</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:188 useradd.8.xml.out:615 usermod.8.xml.out:418
+msgid "EXPIRE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:186
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the default expiry "
+#| "date specified by the <option>EXPIRE</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "default/useradd</filename>, or an empty string (no expiry) by default."
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the default expiry date specified "
+"by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or an empty string (no "
+"expiry) by default."
+msgstr ""
+"Si non précisé, <command>useradd</command> utilisera la date d'expiration "
+"par défaut précisée par la variable <option>EXPIRE</option> dans <filename>/"
+"etc/default/useradd</filename> ou une chaîne vide (pas d'expiration) par "
+"défaut."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:199
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where "
+"the user is expected to replace this password. The value is stored in the "
+"shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no "
+"delay. An input of -1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password "
+"file. See <_:citerefentry-1/>for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:208
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the default "
+#| "inactivity period specified by the <option>INACTIVE</option> variable in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or -1 by default."
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the default inactivity period "
+"specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or -1 by default."
+msgstr ""
+"Si non précisé, <command>useradd</command> utilisera la période d'inactivité "
+"par défaut précisée par la variable <option>INACTIVE</option> dans "
+"<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, ou -1 par défaut."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:218 useradd.8.xml.out:482
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-F"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:218
+msgid "--add-subids-for-system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:221
+msgid ""
+"Update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> even when creating a system "
+"account with <_:option-3/> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:233
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The group name or number of the user's initial login group. The group "
+#| "name must exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group."
+msgid ""
+"The name or the number of the user's primary group. The group name must "
+"exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group."
+msgstr ""
+"Nom du groupe ou identifiant numérique du groupe de connexion initial de "
+"l'utilisateur. Le nom du groupe doit exister. Un numéro de groupe doit se "
+"référer à un groupe déjà existant."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "-U/--user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:247
+msgid "-N/--no-user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:238
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If not specified, the behavior of <command>useradd</command> will depend "
+#| "on the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> variable in <filename>/etc/login."
+#| "defs</filename>. If this variable is set to <replaceable>yes</"
+#| "replaceable> (or <option>-U/--user-group</option> is specified on the "
+#| "command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name "
+#| "as her loginname. If the variable is set to <replaceable>no</replaceable> "
+#| "(or <option>-N/--no-user-group</option> is specified on the command "
+#| "line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value "
+#| "specified by the <option>GROUP</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "default/useradd</filename>, or 100 by default."
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, the behavior of <_:command-1/> will depend on the <_:"
+"option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>. If this variable is set to <_:"
+"replaceable-4/> (or <_:option-5/> is specified on the command line), a group "
+"will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname. If the "
+"variable is set to <_:replaceable-6/> (or <_:option-7/> is specified on the "
+"command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the "
+"value specified by the <_:option-8/> variable in <_:filename-9/>, or 1000 by "
+"default."
+msgstr ""
+"Si non précisé, le comportement de <command>useradd</command> dépendra de la "
+"variable <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> dans <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename>. Si cette variable est configurée à <replaceable>yes</replaceable> "
+"(ou si <option>-U/--user-group</option> est précisée sur la ligne de "
+"commandes), un groupe sera créé pour l'utilisateur, avec le même nom que son "
+"identifiant. Si la variable est configurée à <replaceable>no</replaceable> "
+"(ou si <option>-N/--no-user-group</option> est précisé sur la ligne de "
+"commandes), useradd configurera le groupe primaire du nouvel utilisateur à "
+"la valeur précisée par la variable <option>GROUP</option> dans <filename>/"
+"etc/default/useradd</filename>, ou 100 par défaut."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:83 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:322
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-G"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "--groups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "GROUP1"
+msgstr "GROUPE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid ",GROUP2,..."
+msgstr "GROUPE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid ",GROUPN"
+msgstr "GROUPE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:256 usermod.8.xml.out:198
+msgid ""
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>[<_:emphasis-4/>[<_:"
+"emphasis-5/>]]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:260
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+#| "group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening "
+#| "whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group "
+#| "given with the <option>-g</option> option. The default is for the user to "
+#| "belong only to the initial group."
+msgid ""
+"A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+"group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. "
+"The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the "
+"<_:option-1/> option. The default is for the user to belong only to the "
+"initial group."
+msgstr ""
+"Liste de groupes supplémentaires auxquels appartient également "
+"l'utilisateur. Chaque groupe est séparé du suivant par une virgule, sans "
+"espace entre eux. Les groupes sont soumis aux mêmes restrictions que celles "
+"de l'option <option>-g</option>. Le comportement par défaut pour "
+"l'utilisateur est de n'appartenir qu'au groupe initial."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+msgid "--skel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+msgid "SKEL_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:281
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied "
+#| "in the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by "
+#| "<command>useradd</command>."
+msgid ""
+"The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in "
+"the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by <_:"
+"command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Le répertoire squelette, qui contient les fichiers et répertoires qui seront "
+"copiés dans le répertoire personnel de l'utilisateur, quand le répertoire "
+"personnel est créé par <command>useradd</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:288 useradd.8.xml.out:350
+msgid "--create-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:286
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is only valid if the <option>-m</option> (or <option>--create-"
+#| "home</option>) option is specified."
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid if the <_:option-1/> (or <_:option-2/>) option is "
+"specified."
+msgstr ""
+"Cette option n'est valable que si l'option <option>-m</option> (ou <option>--"
+"create-home</option>) est utilisée."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:292
+msgid "SKEL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:294
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/skel/"
+msgid "/etc/skel"
+msgstr "/etc/skel/"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:290
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the "
+#| "<option>SKEL</option> variable in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+#| "filename> or, by default, <filename>/etc/skel</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the <_:"
+"option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/> or, by default, <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Si cette option n'est pas précisée, le répertoire squelette est défini par "
+"la variable <option>SKEL</option> dans <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+"filename> ou, par défaut, <filename>/etc/skel</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "If possible, the ACLs and extended attributes are copied."
+msgstr "Si possible, les ACL et les attributs étendus seront copiés."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:306
+msgid ""
+"Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (<_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:"
+"option-4/>, <_:option-5/> and others)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:312
+msgid ""
+"Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> can be used "
+"when creating an account to turn off password aging. Multiple <_:option-4/> "
+"options can be specified, e.g.: <_:option-5/> <_:replaceable-6/> =<_:"
+"replaceable-7/> <_:option-8/> <_:replaceable-9/>=<_:replaceable-10/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330
+msgid "--no-log-init"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:332
+msgid "Do not add the user to the lastlog and faillog databases."
+msgstr "N'ajoute pas l'utilisateur aux bases de données lastlog et faillog."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:335
+msgid ""
+"By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are "
+"reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user."
+msgstr ""
+"Par défaut, les entrées de l'utilisateur dans les bases de données lastlog "
+"et faillog sont remises à zéro pour éviter de réutiliser les entrées d'un "
+"utilisateur précédemment supprimé."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:342
+msgid "LOG_INIT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:340
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will also consult the "
+"variable <_:option-2/> in the <_:filename-3/> if set to no the user will not "
+"be added to the lastlog and faillog databases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:353
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and "
+#| "directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined "
+#| "with the <option>-k</option> option) will be copied to the home directory."
+msgid ""
+"Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and "
+"directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with "
+"the <_:option-1/> option) will be copied to the home directory."
+msgstr ""
+"Créé le répertoire personnel de l'utilisateur s'il n'existe pas. Les "
+"fichiers et les répertoires contenus dans le répertoire squelette (qui peut "
+"être défini avec l'option <option>-k</option>) sera copié dans le répertoire "
+"personnel."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:361 useradd.8.xml.out:379 useradd.8.xml.out:475
+msgid "CREATE_HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:359
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, if this option is not specified and <option>CREATE_HOME</"
+#| "option> is not enabled, no home directories are created."
+msgid ""
+"By default, if this option is not specified and <_:option-1/> is not "
+"enabled, no home directories are created."
+msgstr ""
+"Par défaut, si cette option n'est pas précisée et si <option>CREATE_HOME</"
+"option> n'est pas activée, aucun répertoire personnel ne sera créé."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:364
+msgid ""
+"The directory where the user's home directory is created must exist and have "
+"proper SELinux context and permissions. Otherwise the user's home directory "
+"cannot be created or accessed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:373
+msgid "--no-create-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:376
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Do no create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting "
+#| "from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>) "
+#| "is set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Do not create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting "
+"from <_:filename-1/> (<_:option-2/>) is set to <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ne crée pas le répertoire personnel de l'utilisateur, même si la "
+"configuration globale au système contenue dans <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>) est configurée à <replaceable>yes</"
+"replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:386
+msgid "--no-user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:389
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to "
+#| "the group specified by the <option>-g</option> option or by the "
+#| "<option>GROUP</option> variable in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to "
+"the group specified by the <_:option-1/> option or by the <_:option-2/> "
+"variable in <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ne crée pas de groupe avec le même nom que celui de l'utilisateur, mais "
+"ajoute l'utilisateur au groupe précisé par l'option <option>-g</option> ou "
+"par la variable <option>GROUP</option> dans <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+"filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:408
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Allow the creation of a user account with a duplicate (non-unique) UID."
+msgid "allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID."
+msgstr ""
+"Permet de créer un compte d'utilisateur avec un identifiant (« UID ») "
+"dupliqué (non unique)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:412 usermod.8.xml.out:277
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> option. As a "
+"user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and "
+"permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system's "
+"behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account "
+"of the given UID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:428
+msgid ""
+"defines an initial password for the account. PASSWORD is expected to be "
+"encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>. Within a shell script, this "
+"option allows to create efficiently batches of users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:435
+msgid ""
+"Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password "
+"defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of <_:"
+"filename-1/>. This is a state where the user won't be able to access the "
+"account or to define a password himself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:443
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis role=\"bold\">Note:</emphasis> This option is not recommended "
+#| "because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users "
+#| "listing the processes."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/>Avoid this option on the command line because the password "
+"(or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">Remarque :</emphasis> l'utilisation de cette option "
+"est déconseillée car le mot de passe (ou le mot de passe chiffré) peut être "
+"visible des utilisateurs qui affichent la liste des processus. "
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:471
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that <command>useradd</command> will not create a home directory for "
+#| "such a user, regardless of the default setting in <filename>/etc/login."
+#| "defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>). You have to specify the "
+#| "<option>-m</option> options if you want a home directory for a system "
+#| "account to be created."
+msgid ""
+"Note that <_:command-1/> will not create a home directory for such a user, "
+"regardless of the default setting in <_:filename-2/> (<_:option-3/>). You "
+"have to specify the <_:option-4/> options if you want a home directory for a "
+"system account to be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Notez que <command>useradd</command> ne créera pas de répertoire personnel "
+"pour ces utilisateurs, indépendamment de la configuration par défaut dans "
+"<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>). Vous "
+"devez préciser l'option <option>-m</option> si vous voulez qu'un répertoire "
+"personnel soit créé pour un compte système."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:479
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that <command>useradd</command> will not create a home directory for "
+#| "such a user, regardless of the default setting in <filename>/etc/login."
+#| "defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>). You have to specify the "
+#| "<option>-m</option> options if you want a home directory for a system "
+#| "account to be created."
+msgid ""
+"Note that this option will not update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>. "
+"You have to specify the <_:option-3/> options if you want to update the "
+"files for a system account to be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Notez que <command>useradd</command> ne créera pas de répertoire personnel "
+"pour ces utilisateurs, indépendamment de la configuration par défaut dans "
+"<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>). Vous "
+"devez préciser l'option <option>-m</option> si vous voulez qu'un répertoire "
+"personnel soit créé pour un compte système."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:520
+msgid ""
+"sets the path to the user's login shell. Without this option, the system "
+"will use the <_:option-1/> variable specified in <_:filename-2/>, or, if "
+"that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in <_:filename-3/> "
+"remains empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+msgid "--uid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+msgid "UID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:534
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless "
+#| "the <option>-o</option> option is used. The value must be non-negative. "
+#| "The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to "
+#| "<option>UID_MIN</option> and greater than every other user."
+msgid ""
+"The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless the "
+"<_:option-1/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The default is "
+"to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-2/> and "
+"greater than every other user."
+msgstr ""
+"La valeur numérique de l'identifiant de l'utilisateur. Cette valeur doit "
+"être unique, sauf si l'option <option>-o</option> est utilisée. La valeur ne "
+"doit pas être négative. Le comportement par défaut est d'utiliser la plus "
+"petite valeur d'identifiant à la fois supérieure ou égale à <option>UID_MIN</"
+"option> et supérieure aux identifiants de tous les autres utilisateurs."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:549
+msgid "--user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:552
+msgid ""
+"Create a group with the same name as the user, and add the user to this "
+"group."
+msgstr ""
+"Crée un groupe avec le même nom que celui de l'utilisateur, et ajoute "
+"l'utilisateur à ce groupe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 userdel.8.xml.out:153 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-Z"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 userdel.8.xml.out:153 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "--selinux-user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "SEUSER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:573
+msgid "semanage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:569
+msgid ""
+"defines the SELinux user for the new account. Without this option, a SELinux "
+"uses the default user. Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-"
+"user, it uses <_:citerefentry-1/> for that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:581
+msgid "Changing the default values"
+msgstr "Modifier les valeurs par défaut"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:582
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When invoked with only the <option>-D</option> option, <command>useradd</"
+#| "command> will display the current default values. When invoked with "
+#| "<option>-D</option> plus other options, <command>useradd</command> will "
+#| "update the default values for the specified options. Valid default-"
+#| "changing options are:"
+msgid ""
+"When invoked with only the <_:option-1/> option, <_:command-2/> will display "
+"the current default values. When invoked with <_:option-3/> plus other "
+"options, <_:command-4/> will update the default values for the specified "
+"options. Valid default-changing options are:"
+msgstr ""
+"Quand il est invoqué avec seulement l'option <option>-D</option>, "
+"<command>useradd</command> affichera les valeurs actuelles par défaut. Quand "
+"il est invoqué avec l'option <option>-D</option> et d'autres options, "
+"<command>useradd</command> mettra à jour les valeurs par défaut des options "
+"précisées. Les options valables sont :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:595
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will be "
+#| "affixed to the end of <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> to form the new "
+#| "user's home directory name, if the <option>-d</option> option is not used "
+#| "when creating a new account."
+msgid ""
+"sets the path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will "
+"be affixed to the end of <_:replaceable-1/> to form the new user's home "
+"directory name, if the <_:option-2/> option is not used when creating a new "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"Préfixe du chemin des répertoires personnels pour les nouveaux utilisateurs. "
+"Le nom de l'utilisateur sera attaché à la fin de <replaceable>RÉP_PERSO</"
+"replaceable> pour créer le nom du nouveau répertoire personnel si l'option "
+"<option>-d</option> n'est pas utilisée pendant la création d'un nouveau "
+"compte."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:602 useradd.8.xml.out:614 useradd.8.xml.out:631
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:647 useradd.8.xml.out:661
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option sets the <option>HOME</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "default/useradd</filename>."
+msgid "This option sets the <_:option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Cette option configure la variable <option>HOME</option> dans <filename>/etc/"
+"default/useradd</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:613
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The date on which the user account is disabled."
+msgid "sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled."
+msgstr "Date à laquelle le compte utilisateur sera désactivé."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:625
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where "
+"the user is expected to replace this password. See <_:citerefentry-1/>for "
+"more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:642
+msgid ""
+"sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group "
+"names or a numerical group ID. The named group must exist, and the GID must "
+"have an existing entry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:658
+msgid "defines the default login shell for new users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:673
+msgid "NOTES"
+msgstr "NOTES"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:675 useradd.8.xml.out:779
+msgid "/etc/skel/"
+msgstr "/etc/skel/"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:674
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user "
+#| "files in the <filename>/etc/skel/</filename> directory (or any other "
+#| "skeleton directory specified in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> "
+#| "or on the command line)."
+msgid ""
+"The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files "
+"in the <_:filename-1/> directory (or any other skeleton directory specified "
+"in <_:filename-2/> or on the command line)."
+msgstr ""
+"L'administrateur système doit se charger de placer les fichiers par défaut "
+"dans le répertoire <filename>/etc/skel</filename> (ou tout autre répertoire "
+"de modèles indiqué dans <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> ou sur la "
+"ligne de commande)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:683
+msgid ""
+"You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous ne pouvez pas ajouter d'utilisateur à un groupe NIS ou LDAP. Cela doit "
+"être effectué sur le serveur correspondant."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:688
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database "
+#| "such as NIS or LDAP, <command>useradd</command> will deny the user "
+#| "account creation request."
+msgid ""
+"Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such "
+"as NIS or LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the user account creation request."
+msgstr ""
+"De la même façon, si le nom de l'utilisateur existe dans une base de données "
+"externe, telle que NIS ou LDAP, <command>useradd</command> refusera de créer "
+"le compte d'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:702
+msgid "ls"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:694
+msgid ""
+"Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, "
+"underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not "
+"allowed at the beginning of the username. Fully numeric usernames and "
+"usernames . or .. are also disallowed. It is not recommended to use "
+"usernames beginning with . character as their home directories will be "
+"hidden in the <_:command-1/> output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:704
+msgid "Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgstr "Les noms d'utilisateur sont limités à 16 caractères."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:769
+msgid "Default values for account creation."
+msgstr "Valeurs par défaut pour la création de comptes."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/default/useradd"
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-pre.d/*"
+msgstr "/etc/default/useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-post.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773 userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "<_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775 userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "OPTIONS"
+msgid "ACTION"
+msgstr "OPTIONS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775 userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "SUBJECT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "useradd"
+msgid "useradd-pre.d"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "useradd"
+msgid "useradd-post.d"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid ""
+"Run-part files to execute during user addition. The environment variable <_:"
+"command-1/> will be populated with useradd and <_:command-2/> with the <_:"
+"command-3/>. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user addition. <_:"
+"filename-5/> will execute after user addition. If a script exits non-zero "
+"then execution will terminate."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:781
+msgid "Directory containing default files."
+msgstr "Répertoire contenant les fichiers par défaut."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:819 userdel.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "can't update password file"
+msgstr "impossible de mettre à jour le fichier des mots de passe"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:837
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "UID already in use (and no <option>-o</option>)"
+msgid "UID already in use (and no <_:option-1/>)"
+msgstr "UID déjà utilisé (et pas d'option <option>-o</option>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:849
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "username or group name already in use"
+msgstr "nom de groupe déjà utilisé"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:861
+msgid "can't create home directory"
+msgstr "impossible de créer le répertoire personnel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:865
+msgid "14"
+msgstr "14"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:867
+msgid "can't update SELinux user mapping"
+msgstr "Ne peut pas mettre à jour l'association à un utilisateur SELinux"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:876 usermod.8.xml.out:603
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:phrase-10/> "
+"<_:citerefentry-11/>, <_:citerefentry-12/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:47
+msgid "delete a user account and related files"
+msgstr "supprimer un compte utilisateur et les fichiers associés"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>userdel</command> command modifies the system account files, "
+#| "deleting all entries that refer to the user name <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">LOGIN</emphasis>. The named user must exist."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all "
+"entries that refer to the user name <_:emphasis-2/>. The named user must "
+"exist."
+msgstr ""
+"La commande <command>userdel</command> modifie les fichiers d'administration "
+"des comptes du système, en supprimant les entrées qui se réfèrent à "
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">LOGIN</emphasis>. L'utilisateur nommé doit exister."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:79
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is "
+#| "still logged in. It also forces <command>userdel</command> to remove the "
+#| "user's home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same "
+#| "home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user. "
+#| "If <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> is defined to <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">yes</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> and if "
+#| "a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group "
+#| "will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user."
+msgid ""
+"This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is "
+"still logged in. It also forces <_:command-1/> to remove the user's home "
+"directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory "
+"or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user. If <_:option-2/> is "
+"defined to <_:emphasis-3/> in <_:filename-4/> and if a group exists with the "
+"same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it "
+"is still the primary group of another user."
+msgstr ""
+"Cette option impose la suppression de l'utilisateur, même s'il est encore "
+"connecté. Elle force également <command>userdel</command> à supprimer son "
+"répertoire personnel et sa file d'attente des courriels, même si un autre "
+"utilisateur utilise le même répertoire personnel ou si l'utilisateur précisé "
+"n'est pas le propriétaire de la file d'attente des courriels. Si "
+"<emphasis>USERGROUPS_ENAB</emphasis> vaut <emphasis remap=\"I\">yes</"
+"emphasis> dans <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> et si un groupe existe "
+"avec le même nom que l'utilisateur supprimé, alors ce groupe sera supprimé, "
+"même s'il s'agit du groupe primaire d'un autre utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis>Note:</emphasis> This option is dangerous and may leave your "
+#| "system in an inconsistent state."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an "
+"inconsistent state."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis>Remarque :</emphasis> Cette option est dangereuse, elle peut "
+"laisser votre système dans un état incohérent."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:106 usermod.8.xml.out:317
+msgid "--remove"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:109
+msgid ""
+"Files in the user's home directory will be removed along with the home "
+"directory itself and the user's mail spool. Files located in other file "
+"systems will have to be searched for and deleted manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Les fichiers présents dans le répertoire personnel de l'utilisateur seront "
+"supprimés en même temps que le répertoire lui-même, ainsi que le répertoire "
+"d'attente des courriels. Vous devrez rechercher et éliminer vous-même les "
+"fichiers situés dans d'autres systèmes de fichiers."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:115
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The mail spool is defined by the <option>MAIL_DIR</option> variable in "
+#| "the <filename>login.defs</filename> file."
+msgid ""
+"The mail spool is defined by the <_:option-1/> variable in the <_:filename-2/"
+"> file."
+msgstr ""
+"Le répertoire d'attente des courriels est défini par la variable "
+"<option>MAIL_DIR</option> dans <filename>login.defs</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:156
+msgid "Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user's login."
+msgstr ""
+"Élimine toute association avec tout utilisateur SELinux pour la connexion de "
+"l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-pre.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-post.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "userdel"
+msgid "userdel-pre.d"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "userdel"
+msgid "userdel-post.d"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid ""
+"Run-part files to execute during user deletion. The environment variable <_:"
+"command-1/> will be populated with <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/> with "
+"the username. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user deletion. "
+"<_:filename-5/> will execute after user deletion. If a script exits non-zero "
+"then execution will terminate."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:255
+msgid "specified user doesn't exist"
+msgstr "l'utilisateur indiqué n'existe pas"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:261
+msgid "user currently logged in"
+msgstr "l'utilisateur est actuellement connecté"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:273
+msgid "can't remove home directory"
+msgstr "impossible de supprimer le répertoire personnel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:282
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>userdel</command> will not allow you to remove an account if "
+#| "there are running processes which belong to this account. In that case, "
+#| "you may have to kill those processes or lock the user's password or "
+#| "account and remove the account later. The <option>-f</option> option can "
+#| "force the deletion of this account."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will not allow you to remove an account if there are running "
+"processes which belong to this account. In that case, you may have to kill "
+"those processes or lock the user's password or account and remove the "
+"account later. The <_:option-2/> option can force the deletion of this "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>userdel</command> ne permet pas la suppression d'un compte si des "
+"processus actifs lui appartiennent encore. Dans ce cas, il peut être "
+"nécessaire de tuer ces processus ou de simplement verrouiller le mot de "
+"passe ou le compte de l'utilisateur, afin de supprimer le compte plus tard. "
+"L'option <option>-f</option> permet de forcer la suppression du compte."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:289
+msgid ""
+"You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain "
+"owned by this user."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous devez vérifier vous-même qu'aucun fichier possédé par l'utilisateur ne "
+"subsiste sur tous les systèmes de fichiers."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:293
+msgid ""
+"You may not remove any NIS attributes on a NIS client. This must be "
+"performed on the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous ne pouvez supprimer aucun attribut NIS d'un client NIS. Cela doit être "
+"effectué sur le serveur NIS."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:296
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> is defined to <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">yes</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, "
+#| "<command>userdel</command> will delete the group with the same name as "
+#| "the user. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, "
+#| "<command>userdel</command> will check that this group is not used as a "
+#| "primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the "
+#| "group otherwise. The <option>-f</option> option can force the deletion of "
+#| "this group."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is defined to <_:emphasis-2/> in <_:filename-3/>, <_:"
+"command-4/> will delete the group with the same name as the user. To avoid "
+"inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, <_:command-5/> will check "
+"that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will "
+"just warn without deleting the group otherwise. The <_:option-6/> option can "
+"force the deletion of this group."
+msgstr ""
+"Si <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> vaut <emphasis remap=\"I\">yes</"
+"emphasis> (« oui ») dans <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, "
+"<command>userdel</command> supprimera le groupe ayant le même nom que "
+"l'utilisateur. Afin d'éviter des incohérences entre les fichiers passwd et "
+"group, <command>userdel</command> vérifiera que le groupe n'est pas utilisé "
+"comme groupe primaire d'un autre utilisateur ; si c'est le cas un "
+"avertissement sera affiché et le groupe ne sera pas supprimé. L'option "
+"<option>-f</option> permet d'imposer la suppression du groupe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:309
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:phrase-9/> <_:citerefentry-10/>, "
+"<_:citerefentry-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:48
+msgid "modify a user account"
+msgstr "Modifier un compte utilisateur"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:63
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:81
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <option>-G</"
+#| "option> option."
+msgid ""
+"Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:option-1/> "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"Ajouter l'utilisateur aux groupes supplémentaires. N'utilisez cette option "
+"qu'avec l'option <option>-G</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:102
+msgid ""
+"update the comment field of the user in <_:filename-1/>, which is normally "
+"modified using the <_:citerefentry-2/> utility."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:112 usermod.8.xml.out:260
+msgid "--home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "The user's new login directory."
+msgstr "Le nouveau répertoire personnel de l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:118
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <option>-m</option> option is given, the contents of the current "
+#| "home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created "
+#| "if it does not already exist."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:option-1/> option is given, the contents of the current home "
+"directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it "
+"does not already exist. If the current home directory does not exist the new "
+"home directory will not be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Si l'option <option>-m</option> est fournie, le contenu du répertoire "
+"personnel actuel sera déplacé dans le nouveau répertoire personnel, qui sera "
+"créé si nécessaire."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:132
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is "
+#| "specified in the format <emphasis remap=\"I\">YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified "
+"in the format <_:emphasis-1/>. Integers as input are interpreted as days "
+"after 1970-01-01."
+msgstr ""
+"Date à laquelle le compte utilisateur sera désactivé. La date est indiquée "
+"dans le format <emphasis remap=\"I\">AAAA-MM-JJ</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"An input of -1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in "
+"the shadow password file. The account will remain available with no date "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:143 usermod.8.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option requires a <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file. A "
+#| "<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> entry will be created if there were none."
+msgid ""
+"This option requires a <_:filename-1/> file. A <_:filename-2/> entry will be "
+"created if there were none."
+msgstr ""
+"Cette option nécessite un fichier <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. Une "
+"entrée <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> sera créée si il n'y en avait pas."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:155
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age "
+"during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password. "
+"This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the "
+"shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no "
+"delay. An input of -1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password "
+"file. See <_:citerefentry-1/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:177
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The group name or number of the user's new initial login group. The group "
+#| "must exist."
+msgid ""
+"The name or numerical ID of the user's new primary group. The group must "
+"exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Nom du groupe ou identifiant numérique du groupe de connexion initial de "
+"l'utilisateur. Le groupe doit exister."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:181
+msgid ""
+"Any file from the user's home directory owned by the previous primary group "
+"of the user will be owned by this new group."
+msgstr ""
+"Tout fichier du répertoire personnel de l'utilisateur appartenant au groupe "
+"primaire précédent de l'utilisateur appartiendra à ce nouveau groupe."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:185
+msgid ""
+"The group ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be "
+"fixed manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Le groupe propriétaire des fichiers en dehors du répertoire personnel de "
+"l'utilisateur doit être modifié manuellement."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:193 usermod.8.xml.out:393
+msgid "/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:189
+msgid ""
+"The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user's home "
+"directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the "
+"current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home "
+"directories such as <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:202
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+#| "group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening "
+#| "whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group "
+#| "given with the <option>-g</option> option."
+msgid ""
+"A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+"group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. "
+"The groups must exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Liste de groupes supplémentaires auxquels appartient également "
+"l'utilisateur. Chaque groupe est séparé du suivant par une virgule, sans "
+"espace entre eux. Les groupes sont soumis aux mêmes restrictions que celles "
+"de l'option <option>-g</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:207
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the "
+#| "user will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via "
+#| "the <option>-a</option> option, which appends the user to the current "
+#| "supplementary group list."
+msgid ""
+"If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user "
+"will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the <_:"
+"option-1/> option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group "
+"list."
+msgstr ""
+"Si l'utilisateur fait actuellement partie d'un groupe qui n'est pas listé, "
+"l'utilisateur sera supprimé du groupe. Ce comportement peut être modifié par "
+"l'option <option>-a</option>, qui permet d'ajouter l'utilisateur à la liste "
+"actuelle des groupes supplémentaires."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217 usermod.8.xml.out:223
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "LOGIN"
+msgid "NEW_LOGIN"
+msgstr "LOGIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:220
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The name of the user will be changed from <replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#| "replaceable> to <replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>. Nothing else is "
+#| "changed. In particular, the user's home directory or mail spool should "
+#| "probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name."
+msgid ""
+"The name of the user will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>. Nothing else is changed. In particular, the user's home "
+"directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the "
+"new login name."
+msgstr ""
+"Le nom de l'utilisateur passera de <replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> à "
+"<replaceable>NOUVEAU_LOGIN</replaceable>. Rien d'autre ne sera modifié. En "
+"particulier, le nom du répertoire personnel et l'emplacement de la boîte aux "
+"lettres de l'utilisateur devrontprobablement être changés pour refléter le "
+"nouveau nom de connexion."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:231 usermod.8.xml.out:411
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-L"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:234
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted "
+#| "password, effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option "
+#| "with <option>-p</option> or <option>-U</option>."
+msgid ""
+"Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password, "
+"effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with <_:"
+"option-1/> or <_:option-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Verrouiller le mot de passe d'un utilisateur. Cette option ajoute un « ! » "
+"devant le mot de passe chiffré, ce qui désactive le mot de passe. Vous ne "
+"pouvez pas utiliser cette option avec <option>-p</option> ou <option>-U</"
+"option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:240
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), "
+#| "you should also set the <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> to "
+#| "<replaceable>1</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you "
+"should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Remarque : pour verrouiller le compte (et pas seulement l'accès au compte "
+"par un mot de passe), il est également nécessaire de placer "
+"<replaceable>DATE_FIN_VALIDITÉ</replaceable> à <replaceable>1</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:250
+msgid "--move-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:253
+msgid ""
+"moves the content of the user's home directory to the new location. If the "
+"current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be "
+"created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:258
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-u</option> "
+#| "option."
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> (or <_:"
+"option-2/>) option."
+msgstr "Cette option n'est valable qu'avec l'option <option>-u</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:262
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>usermod</command> will try to adapt the ownership of the files "
+#| "and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes "
+#| "might be needed afterwards."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the "
+"modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed "
+"afterwards."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>usermod</command> essayera d'adapter les permissions des fichiers "
+"et de copier les modes, ACL et attributs étendus. Cependant, vous risquez de "
+"devoir procéder à des modifications vous-même."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:274
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When used with the <option>-u</option> option, this option allows to "
+#| "change the user ID to a non-unique value."
+msgid "allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value."
+msgstr ""
+"En combinaison avec l'option <option>-u</option>, cette option permet de "
+"changer l'identifiant utilisateur vers une valeur déjà utilisée."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:293
+msgid ""
+"defines a new password for the user. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, "
+"as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:298
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis role=\"bold\">Note:</emphasis> This option is not recommended "
+#| "because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users "
+#| "listing the processes."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> Avoid this option on the command line because the password "
+"(or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">Remarque :</emphasis> l'utilisation de cette option "
+"est déconseillée car le mot de passe (ou le mot de passe chiffré) peut être "
+"visible des utilisateurs qui affichent la liste des processus. "
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:303
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The password will be written in the local <filename>/etc/passwd</"
+#| "filename> or <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file. This might differ "
+#| "from the password database configured in your PAM configuration."
+msgid ""
+"The password will be written in the local <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/> "
+"file. This might differ from the password database configured in your PAM "
+"configuration."
+msgstr ""
+"Le mot de passe sera écrit dans le fichier <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> "
+"local ou le fichier <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. Cela peut être "
+"différent de la base de données de mots de passe définie dans la "
+"configuration de PAM."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <option>-G</"
+#| "option> option."
+msgid ""
+"Remove the user from named supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:"
+"option-1/> option."
+msgstr ""
+"Ajouter l'utilisateur aux groupes supplémentaires. N'utilisez cette option "
+"qu'avec l'option <option>-G</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:344
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes within the directory tree starting with <_:replaceable-1/> and "
+"use as well the configuration files located there. This option does not "
+"chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some "
+"limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication "
+"is using the host files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:360
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank "
+#| "causes the system to select the default login shell."
+msgid ""
+"changes the user's login shell. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field "
+"in <_:filename-1/> and logs the user into the system's default shell."
+msgstr ""
+"Nom du nouvel interpréteur de commandes initial (« login shell ») de "
+"l'utilisateur. Si ce champ est vide, le système sélectionnera l'interpréteur "
+"de commandes initial par défaut."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:372
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The new numerical value of the user's ID."
+msgid "The new value of the user's ID."
+msgstr "La valeur numérique de l'identifiant de l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:375
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This value must be unique, unless the <option>-o</option> option is used. "
+#| "The value must be non-negative."
+msgid ""
+"This value must be unique, unless the <_:option-1/> option is used. The "
+"value must be non-negative."
+msgstr ""
+"Cette valeur doit être unique, à moins que l'option <option>-o</option> ne "
+"soit utilisée. La valeur ne doit pas être négative."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:380
+msgid ""
+"The user's mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are located "
+"in the user's home directory will have the file user ID changed "
+"automatically."
+msgstr ""
+"La boîte aux lettres et tous les fichiers possédés par l'utilisateur et qui "
+"sont situés dans son répertoire personnel verront leur identifiant "
+"d'utilisateur automatiquement modifié."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:385
+msgid ""
+"The ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be fixed "
+"manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Le propriétaire des fichiers en dehors du répertoire personnel de "
+"l'utilisateur doit être modifié manuellement."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:389
+msgid ""
+"The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user's home "
+"directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the "
+"current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home "
+"directories such as <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:408
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted "
+#| "password. You can't use this option with <option>-p</option> or <option>-"
+#| "L</option>."
+msgid ""
+"Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted "
+"password. You can't use this option with <_:option-1/> or <_:option-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Déverrouiller le mot de passe d'un utilisateur. Cela supprime le « ! » situé "
+"devant le mot de passe chiffré. Vous ne pouvez pas utiliser cette option "
+"avec <option>-p</option> ou <option>-L</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:417
+msgid "99999"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:413
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a "
+#| "password), you should also set the <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> "
+#| "(for example to <replaceable>99999</replaceable>, or to the "
+#| "<option>EXPIRE</option> value from <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+#| "filename>)."
+msgid ""
+"Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), "
+"you should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> (for example to <_:replaceable-2/"
+">, or to the <_:option-3/> value from <_:filename-4/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Remarque : pour déverrouiller le compte (et pas seulement l'accès au compte "
+"via un mot de passe), vous devriez définir la valeur "
+"<replaceable>DATE_FIN_VALIDITÉ</replaceable> (par exemple à "
+"<replaceable>99999</replaceable> ou à la valeur <option>EXPIRE</option> dans "
+"<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-v"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "--add-subuids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "FIRST"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "LAST"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:424 usermod.8.xml.out:442 usermod.8.xml.out:462
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:480
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#| "replaceable>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>-<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:428
+msgid "Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account."
+msgstr "Ajoute une plage d'UIDs subalternes au compte de l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:431 usermod.8.xml.out:469
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a "
+#| "users account."
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous pouvez indiquer plusieurs fois cette option, pour ajouter plusieurs "
+"plages de comptes utilisateurs."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:436 usermod.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "SUB_UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:436 usermod.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "SUB_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:437 usermod.8.xml.out:457
+msgid "SUB_UID_COUNT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:434 usermod.8.xml.out:454 usermod.8.xml.out:472
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:492
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "No checks will be performed with regard to <option>SUB_UID_MIN</option>, "
+#| "<option>SUB_UID_MAX</option>, or <option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> from /etc/"
+#| "login.defs."
+msgid ""
+"No checks will be performed with regard to <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or "
+"<_:option-3/> from /etc/login.defs."
+msgstr ""
+"Aucun contrôle ne sera effectué sur les valeurs de <option>SUB_UID_MIN</"
+"option>, <option>SUB_UID_MAX</option>, ou <option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> du "
+"fichier <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-V"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "--del-subuids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:446
+msgid "Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account."
+msgstr "Supprime une plage d'Uids subalternes du compte de l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:449
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to "
+#| "a users account. When both <option>--del-subuids</option> and <option>--"
+#| "add-subuids</option> are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid "
+#| "ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added."
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the "
+"removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid "
+"range is added."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous pouvez indiquer cette option plusieurs fois pour supprimer plusieurs "
+"plages du compte d'un utilisateur. Si vous spécifiez à la fois <option>--del-"
+"subuids</option> et <option>--add-subuids</option>, la suppression de toutes "
+"les plages d'uids subalternes se fait avant tout ajout d'une plage d'uids "
+"subalternes."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:463 usermod.8.xml.out:489
+msgid "--add-subgids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:466
+msgid "Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account."
+msgstr "Ajoute une plage de gids subalternes au compte d'un utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:474 usermod.8.xml.out:494
+msgid "SUB_GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:474 usermod.8.xml.out:494
+msgid "SUB_GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:475 usermod.8.xml.out:495
+msgid "SUB_GID_COUNT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481 usermod.8.xml.out:489
+msgid "--del-subgids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:484
+msgid "Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account."
+msgstr "Supprime une plage de gids subalternes du compte de l'utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:487
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to "
+#| "a users account. When both <option>--del-subgids</option> and <option>--"
+#| "add-subgids</option> are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid "
+#| "ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added."
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the "
+"removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid "
+"range is added."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous pouvez indiquer cette option plusieurs fois pour supprimer plusieurs "
+"plages du compte d'un utilisateur. Quand vous indiquez à la fois <option>--"
+"del-subgids</option> et <option>--add-subgids</option>, la uppression de "
+"touts les plages de gids subalternes se fera aant tout ajout d'une plage de "
+"gids subalternes."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:504
+msgid ""
+"defines the SELinux user to be mapped with <_:replaceable-1/>. An empty "
+"string (\"\") will remove the respective entry (if any). Note that the "
+"shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses semanage(8) for that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:518
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes "
+#| "when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the "
+#| "user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. "
+#| "<command>usermod</command> checks this on Linux. On other platforms it "
+#| "only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in."
+msgid ""
+"You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes "
+"when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the "
+"user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. <_:command-1/> "
+"checks this on Linux. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check "
+"if the user is logged in."
+msgstr ""
+"Il est nécessaire de contrôler que l'identifiant indiqué n'a pas de "
+"processus en cours d'exécution si cette commande est utilisée pour modifier "
+"l'identifiant numérique de l'utilisateur, son identifiant (login) ou son "
+"répertoire personnel. <command>usermod</command> effectue ce contrôle sous "
+"Linux mais vérifie seulement les informations d'utmp sur les autres "
+"architectures pour vérifier si l'utilisateur est connecté."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:527
+msgid "crontab"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:528
+msgid "at"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:526
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You must change the owner of any <command>crontab</command> files or "
+#| "<command>at</command> jobs manually."
+msgid ""
+"You must change the owner of any <_:command-1/> files or <_:command-2/> jobs "
+"manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Il est nécessaire de changer manuellement le propriétaire des fichiers "
+"<command>crontab</command> ou des travaux programmés par <command>at</"
+"command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:530
+msgid "You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+"Les modifications qui concernent NIS doivent être effectuées sur le serveur "
+"NIS."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:559
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Group account information."
+msgid "Group account information"
+msgstr "Informations sur les groupes."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:565
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Secure group account information."
+msgid "Secure group account informatio."
+msgstr "Informations sécurisées sur les groupes."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:571
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Shadow password suite configuration."
+msgid "Shadow password suite configuration"
+msgstr ""
+"Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cachés « shadow password »."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:577
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "User account information."
+msgid "User account information"
+msgstr "Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:583
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Secure user account information."
+msgid "Secure user account information"
+msgstr "Informations sécurisées sur les comptes utilisateurs."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:589
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs."
+msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs"
+msgstr "IDs des groupes subalternes d'un utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:595
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs."
+msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs"
+msgstr "IDs de utilisateurs subalternes d'un utilisateur."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:43 vipw.8.xml.out:57 vipw.8.xml.out:67 vipw.8.xml.out:86
+msgid "vigr"
+msgstr "vigr"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:44
+msgid "edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file"
+msgstr "Éditer les fichiers passwd, group, shadow ou gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "VISUAL"
+msgid "$VISUAL"
+msgstr "VISUAL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:76
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "EDITOR"
+msgid "$EDITOR"
+msgstr "EDITOR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:77 vipw.8.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "vipw"
+msgid "vi"
+msgstr "vipw"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:66
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</command> commands edits "
+#| "the files <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>, respectively. With the <option>-s</option> flag, they will "
+#| "edit the shadow versions of those files, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> "
+#| "and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, respectively. The programs will "
+#| "set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption. When looking for an "
+#| "editor, the programs will first try the environment variable "
+#| "<envar>$VISUAL</envar>, then the environment variable <envar>$EDITOR</"
+#| "envar>, and finally the default editor, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands edits the files <_:filename-3/"
+"> and <_:filename-4/>, respectively. With the <_:option-5/> flag, they will "
+"edit the shadow versions of those files, <_:filename-6/> and <_:filename-7/"
+">, respectively. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file "
+"corruption. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the "
+"environment variable <_:envar-8/>, then the environment variable <_:envar-9/"
+">, and finally the default editor, <_:citerefentry-10/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>vipw</command> et <command>vigr</command> permettent de modifier "
+"les fichiers <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> et <filename>/etc/group</"
+"filename>, respectivement. Avec l'option <option>-s</option>, ils permettent "
+"d'éditer les versions cachées de ces fichiers : <filename>/etc/shadow</"
+"filename> et <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, respectivement. Ces "
+"programmes placent les verrous nécessaires afin d'éviter toute corruption "
+"des fichiers. L'éditeur utilisé est choisi d'abord en fonction de la "
+"variable d'environnement <envar>$VISUAL</envar>, puis de la variable "
+"d'environnement <envar>$EDITOR</envar>. À défaut, l'éditeur, "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry> est utilisé quand ces variables ne sont pas définies."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:84
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The options which apply to the <command>passwd</command> command are:"
+msgid ""
+"The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands "
+"are:"
+msgstr ""
+"Les options disponibles pour la commande <command>passwd</command> sont :"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "Edit group database."
+msgstr "Éditer la base de données de groupes."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:102
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "--passwd"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "Edit passwd database."
+msgstr "Éditer la base de données passwd."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "shadow"
+msgid "--shadow"
+msgstr "shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "Edit shadow or gshadow database."
+msgstr "Éditer les bases de données shadow ou gshadow."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "Indicates which user's tcb shadow file to edit."
+msgstr "Indique l'utilisateur dont le fichier shadow de tcb doit être édité."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:154
+msgid "ENVIRONMENT"
+msgstr "ENVIRONNEMENT"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:157 vipw.8.xml.out:165
+msgid "VISUAL"
+msgstr "VISUAL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:159
+msgid "Editor to be used."
+msgstr "L'éditeur à utiliser"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:163
+msgid "EDITOR"
+msgstr "EDITOR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Editor to be used if <option>VISUAL</option> is not set."
+msgid "Editor to be used if <_:option-1/> is not set."
+msgstr "L'éditeur à utiliser si <option>VISUAL</option> n'est pas définie."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:220
+msgid "tcb"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:203
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/> <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>RÉP_CHROOT</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>USE_TCB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>USE_TCB</option> (booléen)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> password shadowing "
+#~ "scheme will be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si <replaceable>yes</replaceable> (« oui »), le schéma de mot de passe "
+#~ "shadow de <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry> sera utilisé."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>usermod</command> command modifies the system account files "
+#~ "to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La commande <command>usermod</command> modifie les fichiers "
+#~ "d'administration des comptes du système selon les modifications qui ont "
+#~ "été indiquées sur la ligne de commande."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>usermod</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les options disponibles pour la commande <command>usermod</command> sont :"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMENT</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMENTAIRE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally "
+#~ "modified using the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utility."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La nouvelle valeur du champ de commentaire du fichier de mots de passe "
+#~ "pour l'utilisateur. Il est normalement modifié en utilisant l'utilitaire "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option> <replaceable>RÉP_PERSO</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>DATE_FIN_VALIDITÉ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "An empty <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> argument will disable the "
+#~ "expiration of the account."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Un paramètre <replaceable>DATE_FIN_VALIDITÉ</replaceable> vide "
+#~ "désactivera l'expiration du compte."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>DURÉE_INACTIVITÉ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days after a password expires until the account is "
+#~ "permanently disabled."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nombre de jours suivant la fin de validité d'un mot de passe après lequel "
+#~ "le compte est définitivement désactivé."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the password has expired, "
+#~ "and a value of -1 disables the feature."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Une valeur de 0 désactive le compte dès que le mot de passe a dépassé sa "
+#~ "fin de validité, et une valeur de -1 désactive cette fonctionnalité."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUPE</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP1</"
+#~ "replaceable>[<emphasis remap=\"I\">,GROUP2,...</emphasis>[<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">,GROUPN</emphasis>]]]"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUPE1</"
+#~ "replaceable>[<emphasis remap=\"I\">,GROUPE2,...</emphasis>[<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">,GROUPEN</emphasis>]]]"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NOUVEAU_LOGIN</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--move-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--move-home</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "Move the content of the user's home directory to the new location."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Déplacer le contenu du répertoire personnel de l'utilisateur vers un "
+#~ "nouvel emplacement."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-d</option> (or "
+#~ "<option>--home</option>) option."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Cette option ne fonctionne que lorsqu'elle est combinée avec l'option "
+#~ "<option>-d</option> (ou <option>--home</option>)."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>PASSWORD</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MOT_DE_PASSE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The encrypted password, as returned by "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Mot de passe chiffré, comme renvoyé par "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INTERPRÉTEUR</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-v</option>, <option>--add-subuids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-v</option>, <option>--add-subuids</option> <replaceable>PREMIER</"
+#~ "replaceable>-<replaceable>DERNIER</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-V</option>, <option>--del-subuids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-V</option>, <option>--del-subuids</option> <replaceable>PREMIER</"
+#~ "replaceable>-<replaceable>DERNIER</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--add-subgids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--add-subgids</option> <replaceable>PREMIER</"
+#~ "replaceable>-<replaceable>DERNIER</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "No checks will be performed with regard to <option>SUB_GID_MIN</option>, "
+#~ "<option>SUB_GID_MAX</option>, or <option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> from /etc/"
+#~ "login.defs."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Aucun contrôle ne sera effectué sur les valeurs de <option>SUB_GID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>, <option>SUB_GID_MAX</option>, ou <option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> "
+#~ "du fichier <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--del-subgids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--del-subgids</option> <replaceable>PREMIER</"
+#~ "replaceable>-<replaceable>DERNIER</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>UTILISATEUR_SELINUX</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "The new SELinux user for the user's login."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Le nouvel utilisateur SELinux utilisé pour la connexion de l'utilisateur."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "A blank <replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable> will remove the SELinux user "
+#~ "mapping for user <replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> (if any)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Un paramètre <replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable> vide éliminera "
+#~ "l'association de l'utilisateur SELinux pour l'utilisateur "
+#~ "<replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> (si spécifiée)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_DIR</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAIL_DIR</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The mail spool directory. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when "
+#~ "its corresponding user account is modified or deleted. If not specified, "
+#~ "a compile-time default is used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Répertoire d'attente des courriels (« mail spool directory »). Ce "
+#~ "paramètre est nécessaire pour manipuler les boîtes à lettres lorsque le "
+#~ "compte d'un utilisateur est modifié ou supprimé. S'il n'est pas spécifié, "
+#~ "une valeur par défaut définie à la compilation est utilisée."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their "
+#~ "home directory."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Définir l'emplacement des boîtes aux lettres des utilisateurs "
+#~ "relativement à leur répertoire personnel."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <option>MAIL_DIR</option> and <option>MAIL_FILE</option> variables "
+#~ "are used by <command>useradd</command>, <command>usermod</command>, and "
+#~ "<command>userdel</command> to create, move, or delete the user's mail "
+#~ "spool."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les paramètres <option>MAIL_DIR</option> et <option>MAIL_FILE</option> "
+#~ "sont utilisés par <command>useradd</command>, <command>usermod</command> "
+#~ "et <command>userdel</command> pour créer, déplacer ou supprimer les "
+#~ "boîtes aux lettres des utilisateurs."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> is set to <replaceable>yes</"
+#~ "replaceable>, they are also used to define the <envar>MAIL</envar> "
+#~ "environment variable."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si <option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> est réglé sur <replaceable>yes</"
+#~ "replaceable>, ces variables servent également à définir la variable "
+#~ "d'environnement <envar>MAIL</envar>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group "
+#~ "entry (line) is started in <filename>/etc/group</filename> (with the same "
+#~ "name, same password, and same GID)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nombre maximum de membres par entrée de groupe. Lorsque le maximum est "
+#~ "atteint, une nouvelle entrée de groupe (ligne) est démarrée dans "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/group</filename> (avec le même nom, même mot de passe, et "
+#~ "même GID)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of "
+#~ "members in a group."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La valeur par défaut est 0, ce qui signifie qu'il n'y a pas de limites "
+#~ "pour le nombre de membres dans un groupe."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the "
+#~ "group file. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not "
+#~ "larger than 1024 characters."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Cette fonctionnalité (groupe découpé) permet de limiter la longueur des "
+#~ "lignes dans le fichier de groupes. Ceci est utile pour s'assurer que les "
+#~ "lignes pour les groupes NIS ne sont pas plus grandes que 1024 caractères."
+
+#~ msgid "If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si vous avez besoin de configurer cette limite, vous pouvez utiliser 25."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow "
+#~ "toolsuite). You should not use this variable unless you really need it."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Remarque : les groupes découpés ne sont peut-être pas pris en charge par "
+#~ "tous les outils (même dans la suite d'outils Shadow). Vous ne devriez pas "
+#~ "utiliser cette variable, sauf si vous en avez vraiment besoin."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SUB_GID_MIN</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SUB_GID_MAX</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <filename>/etc/subuid</filename> exists, the commands "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> and <command>newusers</command> (unless the "
+#~ "user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate <option>SUB_GID_COUNT</"
+#~ "option> unused group IDs from the range <option>SUB_GID_MIN</option> to "
+#~ "<option>SUB_GID_MAX</option> for each new user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si <filename>/etc/subuid</filename> existe, les commandes "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> et <command>newusers</command> affectent à "
+#~ "<option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> les GIDs non utilisés compris entre "
+#~ "<option>SUB_GID_MIN</option> et <option>SUB_GID_MAX</option> pour chaque "
+#~ "utilisateur (sauf si l'utilisateur a déjà indiqué des IDs de groupes "
+#~ "subalternes)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default values for <option>SUB_GID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_GID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>, <option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> are respectively 100000, "
+#~ "600100000 and 65536."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les valeurs par défaut pour <option>SUB_GID_MIN</option>, "
+#~ "<option>SUB_GID_MAX</option> et <option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> sont "
+#~ "respectivement 100000, 600100000 et 65536."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SUB_UID_MIN</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SUB_UID_MAX</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <filename>/etc/subuid</filename> exists, the commands "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> and <command>newusers</command> (unless the "
+#~ "user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate <option>SUB_UID_COUNT</"
+#~ "option> unused user IDs from the range <option>SUB_UID_MIN</option> to "
+#~ "<option>SUB_UID_MAX</option> for each new user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si <filename>/etc/subuid</filename> existe, les commandes "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> et <command>newusers</command> affectent à "
+#~ "<option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> les UIDs non utilisés compris entre "
+#~ "<option>SUB_UID_MIN</option> et <option>SUB_UID_MAX</option> pour chaque "
+#~ "utilisateur (sauf si l'utilisateur a déjà indiqué des IDs de utilisateurs "
+#~ "subalternes)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default values for <option>SUB_UID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_UID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>, <option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> are respectively 100000, "
+#~ "600100000 and 65536."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les valeurs par défaut pour <option>SUB_UID_MIN</option>, "
+#~ "<option>SUB_UID_MAX</option>, <option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option>, sont "
+#~ "respectivement 100000, 600100000 et 65536."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>TCB_SYMLINKS</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TCB_SYMLINKS</option> (booléen)"
+
+#, no-wrap
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "if ( UID is less than 1000) {\n"
+#~ "  use /etc/tcb/user\n"
+#~ "} else if ( UID is less than 1000000) {\n"
+#~ "  kilos = UID / 1000\n"
+#~ "  use /etc/tcb/:kilos/user\n"
+#~ "  make symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory\n"
+#~ "} else {\n"
+#~ "  megas = UID / 1000000\n"
+#~ "  kilos = ( UID / megas * 1000000 ) / 1000\n"
+#~ "  use /etc/tcb/:megas/:kilos/user\n"
+#~ "  make symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory\n"
+#~ "}\n"
+#~ "      "
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "si ( UID est inférieur à 1000) {\n"
+#~ "  utiliser /etc/tcb/user\n"
+#~ "} sinon, et si ( UID est inférieur à 1000000) {\n"
+#~ "  kilos = UID / 1000\n"
+#~ "  utiliser /etc/tcb/:kilos/user\n"
+#~ "  faire un lien symbolique de /etc/tcb/user vers le répertoire précédent\n"
+#~ "} sinon {\n"
+#~ "  megas = UID / 1000000\n"
+#~ "  kilos = ( UID / megas * 1000000 ) / 1000\n"
+#~ "  utiliser /etc/tcb/:megas/:kilos/user\n"
+#~ "  faire un lien symbolique de /etc/tcb/user vers le répertoire précédent\n"
+#~ "}\n"
+#~ "      "
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the location of the user tcb directory "
+#~ "to be created will not be automatically set to /etc/tcb/user, but will be "
+#~ "computed depending on the UID of the user, according to the following "
+#~ "algorithm: <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si <replaceable>yes</replaceable> (« oui »), l'emplacement du répertoire "
+#~ "tcb de l'utilisateur à créer ne sera pas automatiquement configuré à /etc/"
+#~ "tcb/user, mais sera calculé en fonction de l'UID de l'utilisateur, à "
+#~ "l'aide de l'algorithme suivant : <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>userdel</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les options disponibles de la commande <command>userdel</command> sont :"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>USERDEL_CMD</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>USERDEL_CMD</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, this command is run when removing a user. It should remove "
+#~ "any at/cron/print jobs etc. owned by the user to be removed (passed as "
+#~ "the first argument)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si définie, la commande est exécutée lors de la suppression d'un "
+#~ "utilisateur. Elle pourra supprimer toutes les tâches périodiques cron ou "
+#~ "at, tous les travaux d'impression, etc. de l'utilisateur (qui sera fourni "
+#~ "comme premier paramètre)."
+
+#~ msgid "The return code of the script is not taken into account."
+#~ msgstr "Le code de retour du script n'est pas pris en compte."
+
+#, no-wrap
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "#! /bin/sh\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Check for the required argument.\n"
+#~ "if [ $# != 1 ]; then\n"
+#~ "\techo \"Usage: $0 username\"\n"
+#~ "\texit 1\n"
+#~ "fi\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Remove cron jobs.\n"
+#~ "crontab -r -u $1\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Remove at jobs.\n"
+#~ "# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID,\n"
+#~ "# even if it was shared by a different username.\n"
+#~ "AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs\n"
+#~ "find $AT_SPOOL_DIR -name \"[^.]*\" -type f -user $1 -delete \\;\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Remove print jobs.\n"
+#~ "lprm $1\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# All done.\n"
+#~ "exit 0\n"
+#~ "      "
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "#! /bin/sh\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Check for the required argument.\n"
+#~ "if [ $# != 1 ]; then\n"
+#~ "\techo \"Usage: $0 username\"\n"
+#~ "\texit 1\n"
+#~ "fi\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Remove cron jobs.\n"
+#~ "crontab -r -u $1\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Remove at jobs.\n"
+#~ "# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID,\n"
+#~ "# even if it was shared by a different username.\n"
+#~ "AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs\n"
+#~ "find $AT_SPOOL_DIR -name \"[^.]*\" -type f -user $1 -delete \\;\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Remove print jobs.\n"
+#~ "lprm $1\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# All done.\n"
+#~ "exit 0\n"
+#~ "      "
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Here is an example script, which removes the user's cron, at and print "
+#~ "jobs: <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Voici un script exemple, qui supprime le fichier d'entrée de cron et d'at "
+#~ "ainsi que les travaux d'impression en attente ;<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> (booléen)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits "
+#~ "(examples: 022 -&gt; 002, 077 -&gt; 007) for non-root users, if the uid "
+#~ "is the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Activer la mise en place de bits de masque de groupe (« umask group "
+#~ "bits ») identiques à ceux du propriétaire (exemple : 022 -&gt; 002, 077 -"
+#~ "&gt; 007) pour les utilisateurs non privilégiés, si l'UID est identique "
+#~ "au GID et que l'identifiant de connexion est identique au groupe "
+#~ "principal."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, <command>userdel</command> will "
+#~ "remove the user's group if it contains no more members, and "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> will create by default a group with the name "
+#~ "of the user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si cette variable est configurée à <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<command>userdel</command> supprimera le groupe de l'utilisateur s'il ne "
+#~ "contient pas d'autres membres, et <command>useradd</command> créera par "
+#~ "défaut un groupe portant le nom de l'utilisateur."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>userdel</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La commande <command>userdel</command> retourne les valeurs suivantes en "
+#~ "quittant : <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>useradd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les options disponibles pour la commande <command>useradd</command> sont :"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--base-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--base-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>RÉP_BASE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>RÉP_PERSO</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-D</option>, <option>--defaults</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-D</option>, <option>--defaults</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days after a password expires until the account is "
+#~ "permanently disabled. A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the "
+#~ "password has expired, and a value of -1 disables the feature."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nombre de jours suivant la fin de validité d'un mot de passe après lequel "
+#~ "le compte est définitivement désactivé. Une valeur de 0 désactive le "
+#~ "compte dès que le mot de passe a dépassé sa fin de validité, et une "
+#~ "valeur de -1 désactive cette fonctionnalité."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-k</option>, <option>--skel</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SKEL_DIR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-k</option>, <option>--skel</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>RÉP_SQUELETTE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CLÉ</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALEUR</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults (<option>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>UMASK</option>, "
+#~ "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> and others). <placeholder-1/> Example: "
+#~ "<option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PASS_MAX_DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>-1</replaceable> can be used when creating "
+#~ "system account to turn off password aging, even though system account has "
+#~ "no password at all. Multiple <option>-K</option> options can be "
+#~ "specified, e.g.: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>UID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Surcharge les valeurs par défaut de <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+#~ "(<option>UID_MIN</option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>UMASK</"
+#~ "option>, <option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> et autres). <placeholder-1/> Par "
+#~ "exemple : <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PASS_MAX_DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>-1</replaceable> peut être utilisé pour la "
+#~ "création de comptes système pour désactiver la gestion de la durée de "
+#~ "validité des mots de passe, même si les comptes système n'ont pas de mot "
+#~ "de passe. Plusieurs options <option>-K</option> peuvent être précisées, "
+#~ "comme par exemple : <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable> <option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>UID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--no-log-init</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--no-log-init</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-M</option>, <option>--no-create-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-M</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-N</option>, <option>--no-user-group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-N</option>, <option>--no-user-group</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The encrypted password, as returned by "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>. The default is to disable the password."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Le mot de passe chiffré, comme renvoyé par "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>. Le comportement par défaut est de désactiver "
+#~ "le mot de passe."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--system</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--system</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "System users will be created with no aging information in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "shadow</filename>, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the "
+#~ "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> range, defined "
+#~ "in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, instead of <option>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>-<option>UID_MAX</option> (and their <option>GID</option> "
+#~ "counterparts for the creation of groups)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les utilisateurs système seront créés sans information d'expiration dans "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/shadow</filename>, et leur identifiant numérique est "
+#~ "choisi dans l'intervalle <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-"
+#~ "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>, défini dans <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename>, au lieu de <option>UID_MIN</option>-<option>UID_MAX</option> "
+#~ "(et leurs équivalents <option>GID</option> pour la création des groupes)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The name of the user's login shell. The default is to leave this field "
+#~ "blank, which causes the system to select the default login shell "
+#~ "specified by the <option>SHELL</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>, or an empty string by default."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Le nom de l'interpréteur de commandes initial de l'utilisateur (« login "
+#~ "shell »). Le comportement par défaut est de laisser ce champ vide. Le "
+#~ "système sélectionnera alors l'interpréteur par défaut indiqué par la "
+#~ "variable <option>SHELL</option> dans <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+#~ "filename>, ou une chaîne vide par défaut."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-U</option>, <option>--user-group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-U</option>, <option>--user-group</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The SELinux user for the user's login. The default is to leave this field "
+#~ "blank, which causes the system to select the default SELinux user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "L'utilisateur SELinux utilisé pour la connexion de l'utilisateur. Le "
+#~ "comportement par défaut est de laisser ce champ vide. Le système "
+#~ "sélectionnera alors l'utilisateur SELinux par défaut."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option sets the <option>EXPIRE</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Cette option configure la variable <option>EXPIRE</option> dans "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days after a password has expired before the account will "
+#~ "be disabled."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nombre de jours après la fin de validité d'un mot de passe avant que le "
+#~ "compte ne soit désactivé."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option sets the <option>INACTIVE</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Cette option configure la variable <option>INACTIVE</option> dans "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The group name or ID for a new user's initial group (when the <option>-"
+#~ "N/--no-user-group</option> is used or when the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</"
+#~ "option> variable is set to <replaceable>no</replaceable> in <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/login.defs</filename>). The named group must exist, and a numerical "
+#~ "group ID must have an existing entry."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Le nom ou l'identifiant du groupe pour le groupe principal d'un nouvel "
+#~ "utilisateur (quand l'option <option>-N/--no-user-group</option> est "
+#~ "utilisée ou quand la variable <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> est "
+#~ "configurée à <replaceable>no</replaceable> dans <filename>/etc/login."
+#~ "defs</filename>). Le nom du groupe doit exister, et un identifiant de "
+#~ "groupe numérique doit avoir une entrée existante."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option sets the <option>GROUP</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Cette option configure la variable <option>GROUP</option> dans <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/default/useradd</filename>."
+
+#~ msgid "The name of a new user's login shell."
+#~ msgstr "Le nom de l'interpréteur de commandes du nouvel utilisateur."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option sets the <option>SHELL</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Cette option configure la variable <option>SHELL</option> dans <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/default/useradd</filename>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Usernames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed "
+#~ "by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with "
+#~ "a dollar sign. In regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les noms d'utilisateur doivent commencer par une lettre minuscule ou un "
+#~ "tiret bas (« underscore »), et seuls des lettres minuscules, des "
+#~ "chiffres, des « underscore », ou des tirets peuvent suivre. Ils peuvent "
+#~ "se terminer par un signe dollar. Soit, sous la forme d'une expression "
+#~ "rationnelle : [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>CREATE_HOME</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CREATE_HOME</option> (boolean)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Indicate if a home directory should be created by default for new users."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Indiquer si un répertoire personnel doit être créé par défaut pour les "
+#~ "nouveaux utilisateurs."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This setting does not apply to system users, and can be overridden on the "
+#~ "command line."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Ce réglage ne s'applique pas pour les utilisateurs système, et peut être "
+#~ "annulé sur la ligne de commande."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>GID_MAX</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>GID_MIN</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command>, <command>groupadd</command>, or "
+#~ "<command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Plage d'identifiants numériques de groupes que les commandes "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command>, <command>groupadd</command> ou "
+#~ "<command>newusers</command> peuvent utiliser pour la création des groupes "
+#~ "normaux."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>GID_MIN</option> (resp. <option>GID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>) is 1000 (resp. 60000)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La valeur par défaut pour <option>GID_MIN</option> (respectivement "
+#~ "<option>GID_MAX</option>) est 1000 (respectivement 60000)."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The maximum number of days a password may be used. If the password is "
+#~ "older than this, a password change will be forced. If not specified, -1 "
+#~ "will be assumed (which disables the restriction)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nombre maximum de jours de validité d'un mot de passe. Après cette durée, "
+#~ "une modification du mot de passe est obligatoire. S'il n'est pas précisé, "
+#~ "la valeur de -1 est utilisée (ce qui enlève toute restriction)."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The minimum number of days allowed between password changes. Any password "
+#~ "changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected. If not specified, -1 "
+#~ "will be assumed (which disables the restriction)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nombre minimum de jours autorisé avant la modification d'un mot de passe. "
+#~ "Toute tentative de modification du mot de passe avant cette durée est "
+#~ "rejetée. S'il n'est pas précisé, la valeur de -1 est utilisée (ce qui "
+#~ "enlève toute restriction)."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days warning given before a password expires. A zero means "
+#~ "warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means "
+#~ "no warning is given. If not specified, no warning will be provided."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nombre de jours durant lesquels l'utilisateur recevra un avertissement "
+#~ "avant que son mot de passe n'arrive en fin de validité. Une valeur "
+#~ "négative signifie qu'aucun avertissement n'est donné. S'il n'est pas "
+#~ "précisé, aucun avertissement n'est donné."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command>, <command>groupadd</command>, or "
+#~ "<command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Plage d'identifiants numériques de groupes que les commandes "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command>, <command>groupadd</command> ou "
+#~ "<command>newusers</command> peuvent utiliser pour la création de groupes "
+#~ "système."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (resp. "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option>) is 101 (resp. <option>GID_MIN</option>-1)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La valeur par défaut pour <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (respectivement "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option>) est 101 (respectivement <option>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>-1)."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> or <command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Plage d'identifiants numériques d'utilisateurs que les commandes "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> ou <command>newusers</command> peuvent "
+#~ "utiliser pour la création d'utilisateurs système."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (resp. "
+#~ "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>) is 101 (resp. <option>UID_MIN</option>-1)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La valeur par défaut pour <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (respectivement "
+#~ "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>) est 101 (respectivement <option>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>-1)."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>TCB_AUTH_GROUP</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TCB_AUTH_GROUP</option> (booléen)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, newly created tcb shadow files will be "
+#~ "group owned by the <replaceable>auth</replaceable> group."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, le fichier shadow de tcb nouvellement "
+#~ "créé appartiendra au groupe <replaceable>auth</replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>UID_MAX</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>UID_MIN</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> or <command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Plage d'identifiants numériques d'utilisateurs que les commandes "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> ou <command>newusers</command> peuvent "
+#~ "utiliser pour la création d'utilisateurs normaux."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>UID_MIN</option> (resp. <option>UID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>) is 1000 (resp. 60000)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La valeur par défaut de <option>UID_MIN</option> (respectivement "
+#~ "<option>UID_MAX</option>) est 1000 (respectivement 60000)."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>UMASK</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>UMASK</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value. If not "
+#~ "specified, the mask will be initialized to 022."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Valeur d'initialisation du masque de permissions. S'il n'est pas précisé, "
+#~ "le masque des permissions sera initialisé à 022."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> and <command>newusers</command> use this mask "
+#~ "to set the mode of the home directory they create"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> et <command>newusers</command> utilisent ce "
+#~ "masque pour définir les permissions d'accès des répertoires personnels "
+#~ "qu'ils créent."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "It is also used by <command>login</command> to define users' initial "
+#~ "umask. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user's GECOS line (if "
+#~ "<option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> is set) or by the specification of a limit "
+#~ "with the <emphasis>K</emphasis> identifier in "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>limits</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il est également utilisé par <command>login</command> pour définir "
+#~ "l'umask initial de l'utilisateur. Veuillez noter que cet umask peut être "
+#~ "redéfini par les GECOS de l'utilisateur (si <option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> "
+#~ "est activé) ou en précisant une limite avec l'identifiant <emphasis>K</"
+#~ "emphasis> dans <citerefentry><refentrytitle>limits</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "It is also used by <command>pam_umask</command> as the default umask "
+#~ "value."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il est également utilisé par <command>pam_umask</command> en tant que "
+#~ "valeur d'umask par défaut."
+
+#~ msgid "username already in use"
+#~ msgstr "nom d'utilisateur déjà utilisé"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>useradd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La commande <command>useradd</command> retourne les valeurs suivantes en "
+#~ "quittant : <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Additional arguments may be provided after the username, in which case "
+#~ "they are supplied to the user's login shell. In particular, an argument "
+#~ "of <option>-c</option> will cause the next argument to be treated as a "
+#~ "command by most command interpreters. The command will be executed by the "
+#~ "shell specified in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> for the target user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Des paramètres supplémentaires peuvent être fournis après le nom de "
+#~ "l'utilisateur. Dans ce cas, ils sont donnés à l'interpréteur de commandes "
+#~ "de connexion de l'utilisateur. En particulier, le paramètre « <option>-c</"
+#~ "option> » considère que le paramètre suivant est une commande pour la "
+#~ "plupart des interpréteurs de commandes. La commande sera exécutée par "
+#~ "l'interpréteur indiqué dans <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> pour "
+#~ "l'utilisateur cible."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You can use the <option>--</option> argument to separate <command>su</"
+#~ "command> options from the arguments supplied to the shell."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Vous pouvez utiliser le paramètre <option>--</option> pour séparer les "
+#~ "options de <command>su</command> des paramètres fournis par "
+#~ "l'interpréteur de commandes."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--command</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--command</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMANDE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>-p</option>, <option>--preserve-environment</"
+#~ "option>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>-p</option>, <option>--preserve-environment</"
+#~ "option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>CONSOLE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CONSOLE</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, either full pathname of a file containing device names (one "
+#~ "per line) or a \":\" delimited list of device names. Root logins will be "
+#~ "allowed only upon these devices."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si définie, soit un chemin complet du fichier contenant les noms de "
+#~ "périphériques (un par ligne), soit une liste de noms du périphérique "
+#~ "délimitée par des « : ». Les connexions d'un administrateur ne seront "
+#~ "autorisées que depuis ces périphériques."
+
+#~ msgid "If not defined, root will be allowed on any device."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "S'il n'est pas défini, root pourra se connecter depuis n'importe quel "
+#~ "périphérique."
+
+#~ msgid "The device should be specified without the /dev/ prefix."
+#~ msgstr "Le périphérique doit être précisé sans le préfixe /dev/."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>CONSOLE_GROUPS</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CONSOLE_GROUPS</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "List of groups to add to the user's supplementary groups set when logging "
+#~ "in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting). Default is "
+#~ "none. <placeholder-1/> Use with caution - it is possible for users to "
+#~ "gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the "
+#~ "console."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Une liste de groupes à rajouter aux groupes supplémentaires de "
+#~ "l'utilisateur lors d'une connexion sur une console (déterminé par le "
+#~ "paramètre CONSOLE). Par défaut, aucun groupe n'est ajouté. <placeholder-1/"
+#~ "> À utiliser avec précaution : il est possible que les utilisateurs aient "
+#~ "un accès permanent à ces groupes, et cela même s'ils ne sont pas "
+#~ "connectés sur la console."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>DEFAULT_HOME</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>DEFAULT_HOME</option> (booléen)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Indicate if login is allowed if we can't cd to the home directory. "
+#~ "Default is no."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Indiquer si la connexion est permise si on ne peut pas accéder au "
+#~ "répertoire personnel. Le réglage par défaut est « no »."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the user will login in the root "
+#~ "(<filename>/</filename>) directory if it is not possible to cd to her "
+#~ "home directory."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si elle est configurée à <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, l'utilisateur va "
+#~ "se connecter dans le répertoire racine (<filename>/</filename>) s'il "
+#~ "n'est pas possible d'accéder à son répertoire personnel."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_HZ</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_HZ</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user "
+#~ "login. The value must be preceded by <replaceable>HZ=</replaceable>. A "
+#~ "common value on Linux is <replaceable>HZ=100</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si définie, sera utilisée pour définir la variable d'environnement HZ "
+#~ "lorsqu'un utilisateur se connecte. La valeur doit être précédée par "
+#~ "<replaceable>HZ=</replaceable>. Une valeur commune sur Linux est "
+#~ "<replaceable>HZ=100</replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <envar>HZ</envar> environment variable is only set when the user (the "
+#~ "superuser) logs in with <command>sulogin</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La variable d'environnement <envar>HZ</envar> est uniquement définie "
+#~ "quand l'utilisateur (le super-utilisateur) se connecte avec "
+#~ "<command>sulogin</command>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If this file exists and is readable, login environment will be read from "
+#~ "it. Every line should be in the form name=value."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si ce fichier existe et est lisible, l'environnement de connexion sera lu "
+#~ "à  partir de lui. Chaque ligne doit être sous la forme nom=valeur."
+
+#~ msgid "Lines starting with a # are treated as comment lines and ignored."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les lignes commençant par un « # » sont considérées comme des "
+#~ "commentaires, et sont ignorées."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_PATH</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_PATH</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a "
+#~ "regular user login. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for "
+#~ "example <replaceable>/bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>) and can be preceded by "
+#~ "<replaceable>PATH=</replaceable>. The default value is <replaceable>PATH=/"
+#~ "bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si définie, sera utilisée pour définir la variable d'environnement PATH "
+#~ "quand un utilisateur ordinaire se connecte. La valeur est une liste de "
+#~ "chemins séparés par des deux points (par exemple <replaceable>/bin:/usr/"
+#~ "bin</replaceable>) et peut être précédée par <replaceable>PATH=</"
+#~ "replaceable>. La valeur par défaut est <replaceable>PATH=/bin:/usr/bin</"
+#~ "replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the "
+#~ "superuser login. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for "
+#~ "example <replaceable>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>) and can "
+#~ "be preceded by <replaceable>PATH=</replaceable>. The default value is "
+#~ "<replaceable>PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si définie, sera utilisée pour définir la variable d'environnement PATH "
+#~ "quand le super-utilisateur se connecte. La valeur est une liste de "
+#~ "chemins séparés par deux points (par exemple <replaceable>/sbin:/bin:/usr/"
+#~ "sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>) et peut être précédée par "
+#~ "<replaceable>PATH=</replaceable>. La valeur par défaut est "
+#~ "<replaceable>PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_TZ</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_TZ</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user "
+#~ "login. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by "
+#~ "<replaceable>TZ=</replaceable> (for example <replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</"
+#~ "replaceable>), or the full path to the file containing the timezone "
+#~ "specification (for example <filename>/etc/tzname</filename>)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si définie, sera utilisée pour définir la variable d'environnement TZ "
+#~ "quand un utilisateur se connecte. La valeur peut être le nom d'un fuseau "
+#~ "horaire précédé par <replaceable>TZ=</replaceable> (par exemple "
+#~ "<replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</replaceable>), ou le chemin complet vers le "
+#~ "fichier contenant la spécification du fuseau horaire (par exemple "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/tzname</filename>)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be "
+#~ "read, the default is to use <replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si un chemin complet est spécifié mais que le fichier n'existe pas ou ne "
+#~ "peut pas être lu, la valeur par défaut utilisée est "
+#~ "<replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_STRING</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOGIN_STRING</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The string used for prompting a password. The default is to use "
+#~ "\"Password: \", or a translation of that string. If you set this "
+#~ "variable, the prompt will not be translated."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La chaîne de caractères utilisée pour l'invite de mot de passe. La valeur "
+#~ "par défaut est d'utiliser \"Password: \" (« mot de passe : »), ou une "
+#~ "traduction de cette chaîne. Si vous définissez cette variable, l'invite "
+#~ "ne sera pas traduite."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If the string contains <replaceable>%s</replaceable>, this will be "
+#~ "replaced by the user's name."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si la chaîne contient <replaceable>%s</replaceable>, ces caractères "
+#~ "seront remplacés par le nom de l'utilisateur."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> (booléen)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable checking and display of mailbox status upon login."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Activer le contrôle et l'affichage du statut de la boîte aux lettres "
+#~ "durant la connexion."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You should disable it if the shell startup files already check for mail "
+#~ "(\"mailx -e\" or equivalent)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Vous devriez le désactiver si les fichiers de démarrage de l'interpréteur "
+#~ "de commandes vérifient déjà la présence de courriers (« mail -e » ou "
+#~ "équivalent)."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> (booléen)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable setting of resource limits from <filename>/etc/limits</filename> "
+#~ "and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user's passwd gecos field."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Activer la mise en place de limites de resources depuis <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "limits</filename> et ulimit, umask et niveau nice depuis les champs gecos "
+#~ "de passwd."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SULOG_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SULOG_FILE</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid "If defined, all su activity is logged to this file."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si définie, les activités de su seront enregistrées dans le fichier."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SU_NAME</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SU_NAME</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, the command name to display when running \"su -\". For "
+#~ "example, if this is defined as \"su\" then a \"ps\" will display the "
+#~ "command is \"-su\". If not defined, then \"ps\" would display the name of "
+#~ "the shell actually being run, e.g. something like \"-sh\"."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si définie, le nom de la commande à afficher lorsque « su - » est "
+#~ "exécutée. Par exemple, si elle est définie à « su » alors un « ps » "
+#~ "affichera la commande comme « -su ». Si non définie, alors « ps » "
+#~ "affichera le nom du shell qui sera en fait exécuté, par exemple quelque "
+#~ "chose comme « -sh »."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SU_WHEEL_ONLY</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SU_WHEEL_ONLY</option> (booléen)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the user must be listed as a member of "
+#~ "the first gid 0 group in <filename>/etc/group</filename> (called "
+#~ "<replaceable>root</replaceable> on most Linux systems) to be able to "
+#~ "<command>su</command> to uid 0 accounts. If the group doesn't exist or is "
+#~ "empty, no one will be able to <command>su</command> to uid 0."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, l'utilisateur doit faire partie des "
+#~ "membres du groupe avec le premier gid 0 dans <filename>/etc/group</"
+#~ "filename> (appelé <replaceable>root</replaceable> sur la plupart des "
+#~ "systèmes Linux) pour être capable de <command>su</command> vers des "
+#~ "comptes à uid 0. Si ce groupe n'existe pas ou est vide, personne ne "
+#~ "pourra <command>su</command> vers un uid 0."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SYSLOG_SU_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYSLOG_SU_ENAB</option> (booléen)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable \"syslog\" logging of <command>su</command> activity - in addition "
+#~ "to sulog file logging."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Activer la journalisation « syslog » de l'activité de <command>su</"
+#~ "command> - en plus de la journalisation sulog."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SYSLOG_SG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYSLOG_SG_ENAB</option> (booléen)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable \"syslog\" logging of <command>sg</command> activity."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Activer la journalisation « syslog » de l'activité de <command>sg</"
+#~ "command>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>pwunconv</command> command creates <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">passwd</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</"
+#~ "emphasis> and <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> and then removes "
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La commande <command>pwunconv</command> crée le fichier <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">passwd</emphasis> à partir des fichiers <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">passwd</emphasis> et <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> "
+#~ "puis supprime <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>grpconv</command> command creates <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</"
+#~ "emphasis> and an optionally existing <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</"
+#~ "emphasis>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La commande <command>grpconv</command> crée <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis> à partir de <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</"
+#~ "emphasis> et d'un éventuel fichier <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</"
+#~ "emphasis>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>grpunconv</command> command creates <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> "
+#~ "and <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis> and then removes <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La commande <command>grpunconv</command> crée <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> à partir des fichiers <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> et <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis> "
+#~ "puis supprime <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<command>pwconv</command> will use the values of <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_MIN_DAYS</emphasis>, <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_MAX_DAYS</emphasis>, and <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_WARN_AGE</emphasis> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename> when adding new entries to <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Lors de l'ajout de nouvelles entrées dans <filename>/etc/shadow</"
+#~ "filename>, <command>pwconv</command> utilisera les valeurs de <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_MIN_DAYS</emphasis>, <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_MAX_DAYS</emphasis>, et <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_WARN_AGE</emphasis> définies dans le fichier <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/login.defs</filename>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>pwconv</command>, "
+#~ "<command>pwunconv</command>, <command>grpconv</command>, and "
+#~ "<command>grpunconv</command> commands are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les options applicables aux commandes <command>pwconv</command>, "
+#~ "<command>pwunconv</command>, <command>grpconv</command> et "
+#~ "<command>grpunconv</command> sont :"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The following configuration variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename> changes the behavior of <command>grpconv</command> and "
+#~ "<command>grpunconv</command>:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La variable de configuration suivante dans <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename> change le comportement de <command>grpconv</command> et "
+#~ "<command>grpunconv</command> :"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase condition=\"tcb\">, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_convert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_unconvert</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase condition=\"tcb\">, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_convert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_unconvert</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>pwck</command> command verifies the integrity of the users "
+#~ "and authentication information. It checks that all entries in <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">(or the files in <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>, when "
+#~ "<option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled)</phrase> have the proper format and "
+#~ "contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are "
+#~ "improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La commande <command>pwck</command> vérifie l'intégrité des informations "
+#~ "du système concernant les utilisateurs et leur mots de passe. Toutes les "
+#~ "entrées des fichiers <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> et <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "shadow</filename> sont vérifiées afin de s'assurer qu'elles ont le bon "
+#~ "format et qu'elles contiennent des données valables dans chaque champ. "
+#~ "Une confirmation de l'utilisateur sera demandée pour détruire les entrées "
+#~ "mal formatées ou ayant d'autres erreurs non récupérables."
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>pwck</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les options disponibles pour la commande <command>pwck</command> sont :"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--read-only</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--read-only</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sort</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sort</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The encrypted password field may be blank, in which case no password is "
+#~ "required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some "
+#~ "applications which read the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file may "
+#~ "decide not to permit <emphasis>any</emphasis> access at all if the "
+#~ "<emphasis>password</emphasis> field is blank. If the <emphasis>password</"
+#~ "emphasis> field is a lower-case <quote>x</quote>, then the encrypted "
+#~ "password is actually stored in the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file instead; there "
+#~ "<emphasis>must</emphasis> be a corresponding line in the <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "shadow</filename> file, or else the user account is invalid. If the "
+#~ "<emphasis>password</emphasis> field is any other string, then it will be "
+#~ "treated as an encrypted password, as specified by "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Le champ du mot de passe chiffré peut être vide. Dans ce cas, aucun mot "
+#~ "de passe n'est nécessaire pour s'authentifier avec le compte donné. "
+#~ "Cependant, certaines applications qui lisent le fichier <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "passwd</filename> peuvent décider de ne donner aucun accès si le "
+#~ "<emphasis>mot de</emphasis> passe est vide. Si le mot de passe est un "
+#~ "<quote>x</quote> minuscule, alors le mot de passe chiffré se trouve dans "
+#~ "le fichier <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> ; il "
+#~ "<emphasis>doit</emphasis> y avoir une ligne correspondante dans le "
+#~ "fichier <filename>shadow</filename>, sinon le compte de l'utilisateur "
+#~ "n'est pas valide. Si le mot de passe est constitué d'une autre chaîne, "
+#~ "alors il est considéré comme un mot de passe chiffré, comme indiqué dans "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Le champ de commentaire est utilisé par différents utilitaires système, "
+#~ "tels que <citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>DURÉE_INACTIVITÉ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>JOURS_MIN</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--repository</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--repository</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-S</option>, <option>--status</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-S</option>, <option>--status</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>DURÉE_AVERTISSEMENT</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-x</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-x</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>JOURS_MAX</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting "
+#~ "passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Définir les algorithmes de chiffrement par défaut du système pour coder "
+#~ "les mots de passes (si aucun algorithme n'a été indiqué sur la ligne de "
+#~ "commandes)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "It can take one of these values: <replaceable>DES</replaceable> "
+#~ "(default), <replaceable>MD5</replaceable><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"sha_crypt\">, <replaceable>SHA256</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>SHA512</replaceable></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les valeurs suivantes sont acceptées : <replaceable>DES</replaceable> "
+#~ "(par défaut), <replaceable>MD5</replaceable><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"sha_crypt\">, <replaceable>SHA256</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>SHA512</replaceable></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: this parameter overrides the <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> "
+#~ "variable."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Remarque : ce paramètre remplace la variable <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</"
+#~ "option>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords. The generation "
+#~ "of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration. It "
+#~ "is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM "
+#~ "configuration."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Remarque : cela n'affecte que la création des mots de passe de groupe. La "
+#~ "création de mot de passe des utilisateurs est effectuée par PAM en "
+#~ "fonction de la configuration de PAM. Il est recommandé de définir cette "
+#~ "variable en cohérence avec la configuration de PAM."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> (booléen)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5-based algorithm. If "
+#~ "set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, new passwords will be encrypted "
+#~ "using the MD5-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent "
+#~ "releases of FreeBSD. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer "
+#~ "salt strings. Set to <replaceable>no</replaceable> if you need to copy "
+#~ "encrypted passwords to other systems which don't understand the new "
+#~ "algorithm. Default is <replaceable>no</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Indiquer si un mot de passe doit être chiffré en utilisant l'algorithme "
+#~ "basé sur MD5. Si configurée à <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, les "
+#~ "nouveaux mots de passe seront chiffrés en utilisant l'algorithme basé sur "
+#~ "MD5 compatible avec celui utilisé par les versions récentes de FreeBSD. "
+#~ "Il gère des mots de passe de longueur illimitée et des chaînes de salage "
+#~ "plus longues. Configurez-la à <replaceable>no</replaceable> pour copier "
+#~ "les mots de passe chiffrés sur d'autres systèmes qui ne comprennent pas "
+#~ "le nouvel algorithme. la valeur par défaut est <replaceable>no</"
+#~ "replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This variable is superseded by the <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> "
+#~ "variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption "
+#~ "algorithm."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Cette variable est écrasée par la variable <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</"
+#~ "option> ou par toute option de la ligne de commande utilisée pour "
+#~ "configurer l'algorithme de chiffrement."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This variable is deprecated. You should use <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</"
+#~ "option>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Cette variable est obsolète. Vous devriez utiliser "
+#~ "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (booléen)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable additional checks upon password changes."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Activer des vérifications supplémentaires lors des changements de mot de "
+#~ "passe."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_ALWAYS_WARN</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_ALWAYS_WARN</option> (booléen)"
+
+#~ msgid "Warn about weak passwords (but still allow them) if you are root."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Avertir en cas de mots de passe faibles (mais les accepte quand même) si "
+#~ "vous êtes superutilisateur."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_CHANGE_TRIES</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_CHANGE_TRIES</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Maximum number of attempts to change password if rejected (too easy)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nombre maximum d'essais pour changer de mot de passe si refusé (trop "
+#~ "facile)."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MIN_LEN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MIN_LEN</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Number of significant characters in the password for crypt(). "
+#~ "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> is 8 by default. Don't change unless your "
+#~ "crypt() is better. This is ignored if <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> set "
+#~ "to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nombre de caractères significatifs dans le mot de passe pour crypt(). La "
+#~ "valeur par défaut de <option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> est 8. Ne la changez "
+#~ "pas à moins que votre crypt() ne soit meilleur. Ceci est ignoré si "
+#~ "<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> est configurée à <replaceable>yes</"
+#~ "replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "When <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> is set to <replaceable>SHA256</"
+#~ "replaceable> or <replaceable>SHA512</replaceable>, this defines the "
+#~ "number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when "
+#~ "the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Quand <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> est configurée à "
+#~ "<replaceable>SHA256</replaceable> ou <replaceable>SHA512</replaceable>, "
+#~ "cela définit le nombre de rounds de SHA utilisés par l'algorithme de "
+#~ "chiffrement par défaut (quand le nombre de rounds n'est pas précisé sur "
+#~ "la ligne de commande)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password. "
+#~ "But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate "
+#~ "users."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Avec beaucoup de rounds, il est plus difficile de trouver le mot de passe "
+#~ "avec une attaque par force brute. Veuillez remarquer que plus de "
+#~ "ressources processeur seront nécessaires pour authentifier les "
+#~ "utilisateurs."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds "
+#~ "(5000)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si non précisée, la libc utilisera le nombre de rounds par défaut (5000)."
+
+#~ msgid "The values must be inside the 1000-999,999,999 range."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les valeurs doivent être comprises dans l'intervalle 1 000 - 999 999 999."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If only one of the <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> or "
+#~ "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> values is set, then this value will "
+#~ "be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si une seule des variables <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> ou "
+#~ "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> est configurée, alors cette valeur "
+#~ "sera utilisée."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> &gt; "
+#~ "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option>, the highest value will be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> &gt; "
+#~ "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option>, la valeur la plus élevée sera "
+#~ "utilisée."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>passwd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La commande <command>passwd</command> retourne les valeurs suivantes en "
+#~ "quittant : <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "To disable all logins, investigate <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Pour désactiver toutes les connexions, veuillez consulter "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified "
+#~ "directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or "
+#~ "updated and its primary group."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si ce champ n'indique pas de répertoire existant, le répertoire indiqué "
+#~ "est créé, avec comme propriétaire l'utilisateur en cours de création ou "
+#~ "mis à jour et son groupe primaire."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>newusers</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les options disponibles pour la commande <command>newusers</command> "
+#~ "sont :"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "PAM configuration for <command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr "Configuration de PAM pour <command>newusers</command>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>CHFN_AUTH</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CHFN_AUTH</option> (booléen)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <command>chfn</command> program "
+#~ "will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the "
+#~ "superuser."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La valeur <replaceable>yes</replaceable> indique que le programme "
+#~ "<command>chfn</command> nécessitera une authentification avant de "
+#~ "procéder à tout changement, à moins qu'ils ne soient exécutés par le "
+#~ "superutilisateur."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>CHFN_RESTRICT</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CHFN_RESTRICT</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This parameter specifies which values in the <emphasis remap=\"I\">gecos</"
+#~ "emphasis> field of the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file may be "
+#~ "changed by regular users using the <command>chfn</command> program. It "
+#~ "can be any combination of letters <replaceable>f</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>r</replaceable>, <replaceable>w</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>h</replaceable>, for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and "
+#~ "Home phone, respectively. For backward compatibility, <replaceable>yes</"
+#~ "replaceable> is equivalent to <replaceable>rwh</replaceable> and "
+#~ "<replaceable>no</replaceable> is equivalent to <replaceable>frwh</"
+#~ "replaceable>. If not specified, only the superuser can make any changes. "
+#~ "The most restrictive setting is better achieved by not installing "
+#~ "<command>chfn</command> SUID."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Ce paramètre précise quelles valeurs du champ <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">gecos</emphasis> du fichier <filename>passwd</filename> "
+#~ "peuvent être modifiées par les utilisateurs ordinaires à l'aide du "
+#~ "programme <command>chfn</command>. Il est constitué d'une combinaison de "
+#~ "lettres parmi <replaceable>f</replaceable>, <replaceable>r</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>w</replaceable> et <replaceable>h</replaceable>, "
+#~ "correspondant respectivement au nom complet, au numéro de bureau, au "
+#~ "numéro de téléphone professionnel et au numéro de téléphone personnel. "
+#~ "Pour des raisons de compatibilité avec des versions antérieures, "
+#~ "<replaceable>yes</replaceable> est équivalent à <replaceable>rwh</"
+#~ "replaceable> et <replaceable>no</replaceable> à <replaceable>frwh</"
+#~ "replaceable>. S'il n'est pas précisé, seul le superutilisateur peut "
+#~ "effectuer des modifications. Pour une configuration encore plus "
+#~ "restrictive, il sera préférable de ne pas installer <command>chfn</"
+#~ "command> avec l'indicateur SUID positionné."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>CHSH_AUTH</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CHSH_AUTH</option> (booléen)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <command>chsh</command> program "
+#~ "will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the "
+#~ "superuser."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La valeur <replaceable>yes</replaceable> indique que le programme "
+#~ "<command>chsh</command> nécessitera une authentification avant de "
+#~ "procéder à tout changement, à moins qu'ils ne soient exécutés par le "
+#~ "superutilisateur."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ERASECHAR</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ERASECHAR</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Terminal ERASE character (<replaceable>010</replaceable> = backspace, "
+#~ "<replaceable>0177</replaceable> = DEL)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Le caractère ERASE du terminal (<replaceable>010</replaceable> = "
+#~ "backspace, <replaceable>0177</replaceable> = DEL)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The value can be prefixed \"0\" for an octal value, or \"0x\" for an "
+#~ "hexadecimal value."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La valeur peut être préfixée par « 0 » pour une valeur octale, ou « 0x » "
+#~ "pour une valeur hexadécimale."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>FAIL_DELAY</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FAIL_DELAY</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Delay in seconds before being allowed another attempt after a login "
+#~ "failure."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Le délai en secondes avant qu'un nouvel essai soit permis après un échec "
+#~ "de connexion."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>FAILLOG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FAILLOG_ENAB</option> (booléen)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable logging and display of <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> login "
+#~ "failure info."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Activer l'enregistrement et l'affichage des informations d'échec de "
+#~ "connexion de <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>FAKE_SHELL</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FAKE_SHELL</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, <command>login</command> will execute this shell instead of the "
+#~ "users' shell specified in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si définie, <command>login</command> exécutera cet interpréteur de "
+#~ "commandes au lieu de l'interpréteur de l'utilisateur spécifié dans "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>FTMP_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FTMP_FILE</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, login failures will be logged in this file in a utmp format."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si définie, les échecs de connexion seront enregistrés dans le fichier "
+#~ "sous le format utmp"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>HUSHLOGIN_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>HUSHLOGIN_FILE</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, this file can inhibit all the usual chatter during the login "
+#~ "sequence. If a full pathname is specified, then hushed mode will be "
+#~ "enabled if the user's name or shell are found in the file. If not a full "
+#~ "pathname, then hushed mode will be enabled if the file exists in the "
+#~ "user's home directory."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si définie, le fichier peut désactiver tous les affichages habituels "
+#~ "durant la séquence de connexion. Si un nom de chemin complet est "
+#~ "spécifié, alors le mode taiseux sera activé si le nom ou l'interpréteur "
+#~ "de commandes de l'utilisateur sont trouvés dans le fichier. Si ce n'est "
+#~ "pas un nom de chemin complet, alors le mode taiseux sera activé si le "
+#~ "fichier existe dans le répertoire personnel de l'utilisateur."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ISSUE_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ISSUE_FILE</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid "If defined, this file will be displayed before each login prompt."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si définie, le fichier sera affiché avant chaque invite de connexion."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>KILLCHAR</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>KILLCHAR</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid "Terminal KILL character (<replaceable>025</replaceable> = CTRL/U)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Le caractère KILL du terminal (<replaceable>025</replaceable> = CTRL/U)."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LASTLOG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LASTLOG_ENAB</option> (booléen)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable logging and display of /var/log/lastlog login time info."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Activer la journalisation et l'affichage des informations de dernière "
+#~ "connexion de /var/log/lastlog."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LOG_OK_LOGINS</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOG_OK_LOGINS</option> (booléen)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable logging of successful logins."
+#~ msgstr "Activer la journalisation des connexions réussies."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB</option> (booléen)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable display of unknown usernames when login failures are recorded."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Activer l'affichage des noms d'utilisateurs inconnus quand les échecs de "
+#~ "connexions sont enregistrés."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: logging unknown usernames may be a security issue if an user enter "
+#~ "her password instead of her login name."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Remarque : la journalisation des noms d'utilisateurs inconnus peut être "
+#~ "un problème de sécurité si un utilisateur entre son mot de passe au lieu "
+#~ "de son nom d'utilisateur."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_RETRIES</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOGIN_RETRIES</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid "Maximum number of login retries in case of bad password."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Le nombre maximum de tentatives de connexion en cas de mauvais mot de "
+#~ "passe."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This will most likely be overridden by PAM, since the default pam_unix "
+#~ "module has its own built in of 3 retries. However, this is a safe "
+#~ "fallback in case you are using an authentication module that does not "
+#~ "enforce PAM_MAXTRIES."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Ce sera probablement écrasé par PAM, puisque le module pam_unix est réglé "
+#~ "en dur pour n'effectuer que 3 tentatives. Toutefois, il s'agit d'une "
+#~ "solution de repli au cas où vous utilisez un module d'authentification "
+#~ "qui ne fait pas appliquer PAM_MAXTRIES."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_TIMEOUT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOGIN_TIMEOUT</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid "Max time in seconds for login."
+#~ msgstr "Le temps maximum en secondes pour la connexion."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MOTD_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MOTD_FILE</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, \":\" delimited list of \"message of the day\" files to be "
+#~ "displayed upon login."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si définie, liste délimitée par des « : » de fichiers de « message du "
+#~ "jour » à afficher lors de la connexion."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>NOLOGINS_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>NOLOGINS_FILE</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, name of file whose presence will inhibit non-root logins. The "
+#~ "contents of this file should be a message indicating why logins are "
+#~ "inhibited."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si définie, nom de fichier dont la présence empêchera les connexions de "
+#~ "quelqu'un d'autre que le superutilisateur. Le contenu de ces fichiers "
+#~ "doit être un message indiquant pourquoi les connexions sont désactivées."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (booléen)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable checking of time restrictions specified in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "porttime</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Activer la vérification des restrictions de temps précisées dans "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/porttime</filename>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYGROUP</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TTYGROUP</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYPERM</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TTYPERM</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the "
+#~ "<option>TTYGROUP</option> group, and the permissions will be set to "
+#~ "<option>TTYPERM</option>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les permissions de terminal : la connexion tty appartiendra au groupe "
+#~ "<option>TTYGROUP</option> et les permissions seront configurées à "
+#~ "<option>TTYPERM</option>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user's primary "
+#~ "group and the permissions are set to <replaceable>0600</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Par défaut, le propriétaire du terminal est configuré au groupe primaire "
+#~ "de l'utilisateur et les permissions sont configurées à <replaceable>0600</"
+#~ "replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>TTYGROUP</option> can be either the name of a group or a numeric "
+#~ "group identifier."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>TTYGROUP</option> peut être le nom d'un groupe ou un identifiant "
+#~ "numérique de groupe."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If you have a <command>write</command> program which is \"setgid\" to a "
+#~ "special group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the group "
+#~ "number and TTYPERM to 0620. Otherwise leave TTYGROUP commented out and "
+#~ "assign TTYPERM to either 622 or 600."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si vous avez un programme <command>write</command> qui est « setgid » à "
+#~ "un groupe spécial auquel les terminaux appartiennent, définissez TTYGROUP "
+#~ "comme l'identifiant numérique du groupe et TTYPERM à 0620. Autrement "
+#~ "laissez TTYGROUP décommenté et TTYPERM configuré soit à 622 soit à 600."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYTYPE_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TTYTYPE_FILE</option> (chaîne de caractères)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, file which maps tty line to TERM environment parameter. Each "
+#~ "line of the file is in a format something like \"vt100 tty01\"."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si définie, fichier qui lie les lignes de tty à la variable "
+#~ "d'environnement TERM. Chaque ligne du fichier est dans un format "
+#~ "ressemblant à « vt100 tty01 »."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ULIMIT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ULIMIT</option> (nombre)"
+
+#~ msgid "Default <command>ulimit</command> value."
+#~ msgstr "Valeur par défaut d'<command>ulimit</command>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CHFN_AUTH</phrase> CHFN_RESTRICT <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CHFN_AUTH</phrase> CHFN_RESTRICT <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ "
+#~ "ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FAILLOG_ENAB</phrase> FAKE_SHELL <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FTMP_FILE</phrase> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">ISSUE_FILE</phrase> KILLCHAR <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LASTLOG_ENAB</phrase> LOGIN_RETRIES <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+#~ "LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR "
+#~ "MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB</"
+#~ "phrase> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ULIMIT "
+#~ "UMASK</phrase> USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ "
+#~ "ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FAILLOG_ENAB</phrase> FAKE_SHELL <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FTMP_FILE</phrase> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">ISSUE_FILE</phrase> KILLCHAR <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LASTLOG_ENAB</phrase> LOGIN_RETRIES <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+#~ "LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR "
+#~ "MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB</"
+#~ "phrase> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ULIMIT "
+#~ "UMASK</phrase> USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ENV_PATH "
+#~ "ENV_SUPATH <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING "
+#~ "MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB</phrase> SULOG_FILE "
+#~ "SU_NAME <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">SU_WHEEL_ONLY</phrase> "
+#~ "SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">USERGROUPS_ENAB</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ENV_PATH "
+#~ "ENV_SUPATH <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING "
+#~ "MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB</phrase> SULOG_FILE "
+#~ "SU_NAME <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">SU_WHEEL_ONLY</phrase> "
+#~ "SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">USERGROUPS_ENAB</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid "ENV_HZ <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr "ENV_HZ <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">permission</emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">users</"
+#~ "emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">origins</emphasis>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">permission</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">utilisateurs</emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">origines</"
+#~ "emphasis>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This version of <command>login</command> has many compilation options, "
+#~ "only some of which may be in use at any particular site."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Cette version de <command>login</command> comporte de nombreuses options "
+#~ "de compilation. Seules certaines d'entre elles peuvent avoir été activées "
+#~ "sur votre site."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>securetty</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>securetty</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "K: file creation mask, set by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>umask</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "K : masque de création de fichier, défini par "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>umask</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "P: process priority, set by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "P : priorité des processus, défini par "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>lastlog</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les options disponibles pour la commande <command>lastlog</command> sont :"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>JOURS</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-C</option>, <option>--clear</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-C</option>, <option>--clear</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-S</option>, <option>--set</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-S</option>, <option>--set</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>JOURS</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>INTERVALLE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "a valid group identifier <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> (<filename>/etc/"
+#~ "group</filename> only)</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "validité des identifiants de groupe <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> "
+#~ "(seulement <filename>/etc/group</filename>)</phrase> ;"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "a valid list of members <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> and "
+#~ "administrators</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "validité de la liste de membres <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> et "
+#~ "d'administrateurs</phrase> ;"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The commands which operate on the <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_gshadow\">file</phrase><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">and "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files</phrase> are not able to alter "
+#~ "corrupted or duplicated entries. <command>grpck</command> should be used "
+#~ "in those circumstances to remove the offending entries."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les commandes qui opèrent sur <phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">le "
+#~ "fichier</phrase> <phrase condition=\"gshadow\">les fichiers</phrase> "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/group</filename> <phrase condition=\"gshadow\">et "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase> ne peuvent pas modifier les "
+#~ "entrées corrompues ou redondantes. <command>grpck</command> doit être "
+#~ "utilisée dans ce cas pour supprimer ces entrées."
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>grpck</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les options disponibles pour la commande <command>grpck</command> sont :"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Sort entries in <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase> by "
+#~ "GID."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Trie les entrées de <filename>/etc/group</filename> <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">et <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase> par "
+#~ "GID."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "By default, <command>grpck</command> operates on <filename>/etc/group</"
+#~ "filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#~ "filename></phrase>. The user may select alternate files with the "
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">group</emphasis><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_gshadow\">parameter.</phrase><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">and <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> "
+#~ "parameters.</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Par défaut, <command>grpck</command> opère sur <filename>/etc/group</"
+#~ "filename> <phrase condition=\"gshadow\">et <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#~ "filename></phrase>. L'utilisateur peut préciser d'autres fichiers avec "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">le paramètre</phrase><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">les paramètres</phrase> <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> et <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>grpck</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La commande <command>grpck</command> renvoie les valeurs suivantes en "
+#~ "quittant : <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>, </citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>, </citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getuid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getuid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupmod</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les options disponibles pour la commande <command>groupmod</command> "
+#~ "sont :"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "No checks will be performed with regard to the <option>GID_MIN</option>, "
+#~ "<option>GID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option>, or "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Aucun contrôle ne sera effectué sur les valeurs de <option>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>, <option>GID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option>, ou "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> du fichier <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--new-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NEW_GROUP</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--new-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NOUVEAU_NOM_GROUPE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupmod</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La commande <command>groupmod</command> retourne les valeurs suivantes en "
+#~ "quittant : <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupmems</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les options disponibles pour la commande <command>groupmems</command> "
+#~ "sont :"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user_name</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>nom_utilisateur</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>user_name</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>nom_utilisateur</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>group_name</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>nom_groupe</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-p</option>, <option>--purge</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-p</option>, <option>--purge</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupdel</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les options disponibles pour la commande <command>groupdel</command> "
+#~ "sont :"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupdel</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La commande <command>groupdel</command> renvoie les valeurs suivantes en "
+#~ "quittant : <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupadd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les options disponibles pour la commande <command>groupadd</command> "
+#~ "sont :"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "See also the <option>-r</option> option and the <option>GID_MAX</option> "
+#~ "description."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Voir aussi aussi la description des options <option>-r</option> et "
+#~ "<option>GID_MAX</option>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Example: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Exemple : <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "This option permits to add a group with a non-unique GID."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Cette option permet d'ajouter un groupe avec un identifiant (« GID ») "
+#~ "déjà utilisé."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Groupnames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed "
+#~ "by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with "
+#~ "a dollar sign. In regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les noms de groupe doivent commencer par une lettre minuscule ou un tiret "
+#~ "bas (« underscore »), et seuls des lettres minuscules, des chiffres, des "
+#~ "« underscore », ou des tirets peuvent suivre. Ils peuvent se terminer par "
+#~ "un signe dollar. Soit, sous la forme d'une expression rationnelle : [a-z_]"
+#~ "[a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Groupnames may only be up to &GROUP_NAME_MAX_LENGTH; characters long."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les noms de groupe sont limités à &GROUP_NAME_MAX_LENGTH; caractères."
+
+#~ msgid "GID not unique (when <option>-o</option> not used)"
+#~ msgstr "GID déjà utilisé (et <option>-o</option> n'est pas utilisé)"
+
+#~ msgid "group name not unique"
+#~ msgstr "nom de groupe déjà utilisé"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupadd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La commande <command>groupadd</command> retourne les valeurs suivantes en "
+#~ "quittant : <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>gpasswd</command> command is used to administer <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/group</filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">, and <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "gshadow</filename></phrase>. Every group can have <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">administrators,</phrase> members and a password."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La commande <command>gpasswd</command> est utilisée pour administrer "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> et "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase>. Chaque groupe peut avoir "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"gshadow\">des administrateurs,</phrase> des membres "
+#~ "et un mot de passe."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<command>gpasswd</command> called by <phrase condition=\"gshadow\">a "
+#~ "group administrator</phrase><phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">a system "
+#~ "administrator</phrase> with a group name only prompts for the new "
+#~ "password of the <replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>gpasswd</command> appelée par <phrase condition=\"gshadow\">un "
+#~ "administrateur de groupe</phrase><phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">un "
+#~ "administrateur système</phrase> avec un nom de groupe demande seulement "
+#~ "le nouveau mot de passe du <replaceable>groupe</replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>gpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les options disponibles pour la commande <command>gpasswd</command> sont :"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>utilisateur</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>utilisateur</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-Q</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-Q</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>RÉP_CHROOT</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove-password</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove-password</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-R</option>, <option>--restrict</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-R</option>, <option>--restrict</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-A</option>, <option>--administrators</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>user</replaceable>,..."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-A</option>, <option>--administrators</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>utilisateur</replaceable>,..."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--members</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>,..."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--members</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>utilisateur</replaceable>,..."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>faillog</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les options disponibles pour la commande <command>faillog</command> sont :"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-secs</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SEC</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-secs</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SEC</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--maximum</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>MAX</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--maximum</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>MAX</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>faillog</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>faillog</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>expiry</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les options disponibles pour la commande <command>expiry</command> sont :"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-c</option>, <option>--check</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-c</option>, <option>--check</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chsh</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les options applicables à la commande <command>chsh</command> sont :"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">user_name</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">password</emphasis>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">nom_utilisateur</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">mot_de_passe</emphasis>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the "
+#~ "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> or <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> "
+#~ "variables of <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, and can be overwritten "
+#~ "with the <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</option>, or <option>-c</option> "
+#~ "options."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "L'algorithme de chiffrement par défaut peut être défini pour le système à "
+#~ "l'aide des variables <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> ou "
+#~ "<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> de <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, "
+#~ "et peut être surchargé par les options <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</"
+#~ "option> ou <option>-c</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>chpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les options disponibles pour la commande <command>chpasswd</command> "
+#~ "sont :"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>METHOD</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MÉTHODE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ROUNDS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ROUNDS</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "PAM configuration for <command>chpasswd</command>."
+#~ msgstr "Configuration de PAM pour <command>chpasswd</command>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">group_name</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">password</emphasis>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">nom_utilisateur</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">mot_de_passe</emphasis>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>chgpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les options disponibles pour la commande <command>chgpasswd</command> "
+#~ "sont :"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chfn</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les options applicables à la commande <command>chfn</command> sont :"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--full-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FULL_NAME</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--full-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NOM_COMPLET</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-h</option>, <option>--home-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_PHONE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-h</option>, <option>--home-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>TEL_PERSO</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>OTHER</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>AUTRE</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--room</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ROOM_NUMBER</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--room</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NUMÉRO_DE_BUREAU</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--work-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WORK_PHONE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--work-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>TEL_PRO</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chage</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les options disponibles pour la commande <command>chage</command> sont :"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--lastday</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>LAST_DAY</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--lastday</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>DERNIER_JOUR</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-E</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-E</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>DATE_FIN_VALIDITÉ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-I</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-I</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>DURÉE_INACTIVITÉ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>JOURS_MIN</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>JOURS_MAX</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>DURÉE_AVERTISSEMENT</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>chage</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La commande <command>chage</command> retourne les valeurs suivantes en "
+#~ "quittant : <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "translator-credits"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nicolas FRANÇOIS <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>, 2005-2010Thomas "
+#~ "Blein <tblein@tblein.eu>, 2011-2012Debian French l10n team <debian-l10n-"
+#~ "french@lists.debian.org>, 2011-2012"
diff --git a/man/po/it.po b/man/po/it.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b898a06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/po/it.po
@@ -0,0 +1,16726 @@
+# Italian translations for shadow package.
+# Copyright © 2005 the shadow copyright holder.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the shadow package.
+# Giuseppe Sacco <eppesuig@debian.org>, 2005, 2012.
+# Danilo Piazzalunga <danilopiazza@libero.it>, 2005.
+# Isabella Ruocco <isacher@nettaxi.com>, 1999.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: shadow 4.1.5\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-08 10:37-0600\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-08-23 01:38+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Giuseppe Sacco <eppesuig@debian.org>\n"
+"Language-Team: Italian <tp@lists.linux.it>\n"
+"Language: it\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8-bit\n"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:16 chfn.1.xml.out:18 chpasswd.8.xml.out:19 chsh.1.xml.out:18
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:19 faillog.5.xml.out:15 faillog.8.xml.out:15
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:18 groupdel.8.xml.out:16 groupmod.8.xml.out:16
+#: groups.1.xml.out:15 grpck.8.xml.out:15 lastlog.8.xml.out:17
+#: login.1.xml.out:48 login.defs.5.xml.out:84 logoutd.8.xml.out:15
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:16 newusers.8.xml.out:31 passwd.1.xml.out:22
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:15 porttime.5.xml.out:15 pwck.8.xml.out:22
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:15 shadow.5.xml.out:15 sg.1.xml.out:16 su.1.xml.out:32
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:34 userdel.8.xml.out:21 usermod.8.xml.out:22
+msgid "Julianne Frances"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:17 chfn.1.xml.out:19 chpasswd.8.xml.out:20 chsh.1.xml.out:19
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:20 faillog.5.xml.out:16 faillog.8.xml.out:16
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:19 groupdel.8.xml.out:17 groupmod.8.xml.out:17
+#: groups.1.xml.out:16 grpck.8.xml.out:16 lastlog.8.xml.out:18
+#: login.1.xml.out:49 login.defs.5.xml.out:85 logoutd.8.xml.out:16
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:17 newusers.8.xml.out:32 passwd.1.xml.out:23
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:16 porttime.5.xml.out:16 pwck.8.xml.out:23
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:16 shadow.5.xml.out:16 sg.1.xml.out:17 su.1.xml.out:33
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:35 userdel.8.xml.out:22 usermod.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Haugh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:18 chfn.1.xml.out:20 chsh.1.xml.out:20 expiry.1.xml.out:21
+msgid "Creation, 1990"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:21 chfn.1.xml.out:23 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:20
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:24 chsh.1.xml.out:23 expiry.1.xml.out:24
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:20 faillog.8.xml.out:20 gpasswd.1.xml.out:25
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:23 groupdel.8.xml.out:21 groupmems.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:21 groups.1.xml.out:20 grpck.8.xml.out:20
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:22 limits.5.xml.out:22 login.1.xml.out:53
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:21 login.defs.5.xml.out:89 logoutd.8.xml.out:20
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:21 newusers.8.xml.out:36 passwd.1.xml.out:27
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:20 porttime.5.xml.out:20 pwck.8.xml.out:27
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:26 shadow.3.xml.out:20 shadow.5.xml.out:20 sg.1.xml.out:21
+#: su.1.xml.out:37 suauth.5.xml.out:20 useradd.8.xml.out:39
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:26 usermod.8.xml.out:27 vipw.8.xml.out:22
+msgid "Thomas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:22 chfn.1.xml.out:24 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:21
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:25 chsh.1.xml.out:24 expiry.1.xml.out:25
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:21 faillog.8.xml.out:21 gpasswd.1.xml.out:26
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:24 groupdel.8.xml.out:22 groupmems.8.xml.out:25
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:22 groups.1.xml.out:21 grpck.8.xml.out:21
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:23 limits.5.xml.out:23 login.1.xml.out:54
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:22 login.defs.5.xml.out:90 logoutd.8.xml.out:21
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:22 newusers.8.xml.out:37 passwd.1.xml.out:28
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:21 porttime.5.xml.out:21 pwck.8.xml.out:28
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:27 shadow.3.xml.out:21 shadow.5.xml.out:21 sg.1.xml.out:22
+#: su.1.xml.out:38 suauth.5.xml.out:21 useradd.8.xml.out:40
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:27 usermod.8.xml.out:28 vipw.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Kłoczko"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/email
+#: chage.1.xml.out:23 chfn.1.xml.out:25 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:22
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:26 chsh.1.xml.out:25 expiry.1.xml.out:26
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:22 faillog.8.xml.out:22 gpasswd.1.xml.out:27
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:25 groupdel.8.xml.out:23 groupmems.8.xml.out:26
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:23 groups.1.xml.out:22 grpck.8.xml.out:22
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:24 limits.5.xml.out:24 login.1.xml.out:55
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:23 login.defs.5.xml.out:91 logoutd.8.xml.out:22
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:23 newusers.8.xml.out:38 passwd.1.xml.out:29
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:22 porttime.5.xml.out:22 pwck.8.xml.out:29
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:28 shadow.3.xml.out:22 shadow.5.xml.out:22 sg.1.xml.out:23
+#: su.1.xml.out:39 suauth.5.xml.out:22 useradd.8.xml.out:41
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:28 usermod.8.xml.out:29 vipw.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "kloczek@pld.org.pl"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:24 chfn.1.xml.out:26 chpasswd.8.xml.out:27 chsh.1.xml.out:26
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:27 faillog.5.xml.out:23 faillog.8.xml.out:23
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:28 groupadd.8.xml.out:26 groupdel.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:27 groupmod.8.xml.out:24 groups.1.xml.out:23
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:23 lastlog.8.xml.out:25 limits.5.xml.out:25
+#: login.1.xml.out:56 login.access.5.xml.out:24 login.defs.5.xml.out:92
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:23 newgrp.1.xml.out:24 newusers.8.xml.out:39
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:30 passwd.5.xml.out:23 porttime.5.xml.out:23
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:30 pwconv.8.xml.out:29 shadow.3.xml.out:23
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:23 sg.1.xml.out:24 su.1.xml.out:40 suauth.5.xml.out:23
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:42 userdel.8.xml.out:29 usermod.8.xml.out:30
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:25
+msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:27 chfn.1.xml.out:29 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:26
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:30 chsh.1.xml.out:29 expiry.1.xml.out:30
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:26 faillog.8.xml.out:26 gpasswd.1.xml.out:31
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:29 groupdel.8.xml.out:27 groupmems.8.xml.out:30
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:27 groups.1.xml.out:26 grpck.8.xml.out:26
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:14 lastlog.8.xml.out:28 limits.5.xml.out:28
+#: login.1.xml.out:59 login.access.5.xml.out:27 login.defs.5.xml.out:95
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:26 newgrp.1.xml.out:27 newusers.8.xml.out:42
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:15 passwd.1.xml.out:33 passwd.5.xml.out:26
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:26 pwck.8.xml.out:33 pwconv.8.xml.out:32
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:26 shadow.5.xml.out:26 sg.1.xml.out:27 su.1.xml.out:43
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:26 useradd.8.xml.out:45 userdel.8.xml.out:32
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:33 vipw.8.xml.out:28
+msgid "Nicolas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:28 chfn.1.xml.out:30 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:27
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:31 chsh.1.xml.out:30 expiry.1.xml.out:31
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:27 faillog.8.xml.out:27 gpasswd.1.xml.out:32
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:30 groupdel.8.xml.out:28 groupmems.8.xml.out:31
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:28 groups.1.xml.out:27 grpck.8.xml.out:27
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:15 lastlog.8.xml.out:29 limits.5.xml.out:29
+#: login.1.xml.out:60 login.access.5.xml.out:28 login.defs.5.xml.out:96
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:27 newgrp.1.xml.out:28 newusers.8.xml.out:43
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:16 passwd.1.xml.out:34 passwd.5.xml.out:27
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:27 pwck.8.xml.out:34 pwconv.8.xml.out:33
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:27 shadow.5.xml.out:27 sg.1.xml.out:28 su.1.xml.out:44
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:27 useradd.8.xml.out:46 userdel.8.xml.out:33
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:34 vipw.8.xml.out:29
+msgid "François"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/email
+#: chage.1.xml.out:29 chfn.1.xml.out:31 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:28
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:32 chsh.1.xml.out:31 expiry.1.xml.out:32
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:28 faillog.8.xml.out:28 gpasswd.1.xml.out:33
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:31 groupdel.8.xml.out:29 groupmems.8.xml.out:32
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:29 groups.1.xml.out:28 grpck.8.xml.out:28
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:16 lastlog.8.xml.out:30 limits.5.xml.out:30
+#: login.1.xml.out:61 login.access.5.xml.out:29 login.defs.5.xml.out:97
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:28 newgrp.1.xml.out:29 newusers.8.xml.out:44
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:17 passwd.1.xml.out:35 passwd.5.xml.out:28
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:28 pwck.8.xml.out:35 pwconv.8.xml.out:34
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:28 shadow.5.xml.out:28 sg.1.xml.out:29 su.1.xml.out:45
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:28 useradd.8.xml.out:47 userdel.8.xml.out:34
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:35 vipw.8.xml.out:30
+msgid "nicolas.francois@centraliens.net"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:30 chfn.1.xml.out:32 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:29
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:33 chsh.1.xml.out:32 expiry.1.xml.out:33
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:29 faillog.8.xml.out:29 gpasswd.1.xml.out:34
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:32 groupdel.8.xml.out:30 groupmems.8.xml.out:33
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:30 groups.1.xml.out:29 grpck.8.xml.out:29
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:18 lastlog.8.xml.out:31 limits.5.xml.out:31
+#: login.1.xml.out:62 login.access.5.xml.out:30 login.defs.5.xml.out:98
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:29 newgrp.1.xml.out:30 newusers.8.xml.out:45
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:18 passwd.1.xml.out:36 passwd.5.xml.out:29
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:29 pwck.8.xml.out:36 pwconv.8.xml.out:35
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:29 shadow.5.xml.out:29 sg.1.xml.out:30 su.1.xml.out:46
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:29 useradd.8.xml.out:48 userdel.8.xml.out:35
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:36 vipw.8.xml.out:31
+msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chage.1.xml.out:34 chage.1.xml.out:41 chage.1.xml.out:46 chage.1.xml.out:59
+#: chage.1.xml.out:69 chage.1.xml.out:216 chage.1.xml.out:226
+#: chage.1.xml.out:236 chage.1.xml.out:241 chage.1.xml.out:285
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:233 shadow.5.xml.out:262
+msgid "chage"
+msgstr "chage"
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:35 chage.1.xml.out:294 chfn.1.xml.out:37 chfn.1.xml.out:65
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:205 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:217 chpasswd.8.xml.out:265
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:37 chsh.1.xml.out:171 expiry.1.xml.out:38
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:235 gpasswd.1.xml.out:39 gpasswd.1.xml.out:93
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:277 groupadd.8.xml.out:345 groupadd.8.xml.out:348
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:351 groupdel.8.xml.out:205 groupdel.8.xml.out:208
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:211 groupmems.8.xml.out:209 groupmems.8.xml.out:212
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:215 groupmod.8.xml.out:326 groupmod.8.xml.out:329
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:332 groups.1.xml.out:34 groups.1.xml.out:92
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:243 gshadow.5.xml.out:77 gshadow.5.xml.out:165
+#: limits.5.xml.out:185 login.1.xml.out:67 login.1.xml.out:128
+#: login.1.xml.out:377 login.1.xml.out:380 login.1.xml.out:383
+#: login.1.xml.out:386 login.access.5.xml.out:112 login.defs.5.xml.out:516
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:518 login.defs.5.xml.out:520 login.defs.5.xml.out:530
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:533 login.defs.5.xml.out:536 newgrp.1.xml.out:35
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:130 newgrp.1.xml.out:133 newgrp.1.xml.out:136
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:139 newgrp.1.xml.out:142 newusers.8.xml.out:456
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:60 passwd.1.xml.out:41 passwd.1.xml.out:431
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:118 passwd.5.xml.out:173 passwd.5.xml.out:179
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:182 passwd.5.xml.out:197 porttime.5.xml.out:121
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:293 shadow.5.xml.out:262 shadow.5.xml.out:265
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:268 shadow.5.xml.out:283 sg.1.xml.out:35 sg.1.xml.out:119
+#: sg.1.xml.out:122 sg.1.xml.out:125 sg.1.xml.out:128 sg.1.xml.out:131
+#: su.1.xml.out:51 su.1.xml.out:391 su.1.xml.out:415 su.1.xml.out:421
+#: su.1.xml.out:424 suauth.5.xml.out:201 useradd.8.xml.out:817
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:878 useradd.8.xml.out:881 useradd.8.xml.out:884
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:241 userdel.8.xml.out:310 userdel.8.xml.out:313
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:316 usermod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:244
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:605 usermod.8.xml.out:608 usermod.8.xml.out:611
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:78 vipw.8.xml.out:205
+msgid "1"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:36 chfn.1.xml.out:38 chsh.1.xml.out:38 expiry.1.xml.out:39
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:40 groups.1.xml.out:35 login.1.xml.out:68
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:36 passwd.1.xml.out:42 sg.1.xml.out:36 su.1.xml.out:52
+msgid "User Commands"
+msgstr "Comandi utente"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:37 chfn.1.xml.out:39 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:36
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:40 chsh.1.xml.out:39 expiry.1.xml.out:40
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:36 faillog.8.xml.out:36 gpasswd.1.xml.out:41
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:39 groupdel.8.xml.out:37 groupmems.8.xml.out:40
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:37 groups.1.xml.out:36 grpck.8.xml.out:36
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:25 lastlog.8.xml.out:38 limits.5.xml.out:38
+#: login.1.xml.out:69 login.access.5.xml.out:37 login.defs.5.xml.out:105
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:36 newgrp.1.xml.out:37 newusers.8.xml.out:52
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:25 passwd.1.xml.out:43 passwd.5.xml.out:36
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:36 pwck.8.xml.out:43 pwconv.8.xml.out:42
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:36 shadow.5.xml.out:36 sg.1.xml.out:37 su.1.xml.out:53
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:36 useradd.8.xml.out:55 userdel.8.xml.out:42
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:43 vipw.8.xml.out:38
+msgid "shadow-utils"
+msgstr "shadow-utils"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:38 chfn.1.xml.out:40 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:37
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:41 chsh.1.xml.out:40 expiry.1.xml.out:41
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:37 faillog.8.xml.out:37 gpasswd.1.xml.out:42
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:40 groupdel.8.xml.out:38 groupmems.8.xml.out:41
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:38 groups.1.xml.out:37 grpck.8.xml.out:37
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:26 lastlog.8.xml.out:39 limits.5.xml.out:39
+#: login.1.xml.out:70 login.access.5.xml.out:38 login.defs.5.xml.out:106
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:37 newgrp.1.xml.out:38 newusers.8.xml.out:53
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:26 passwd.1.xml.out:44 passwd.5.xml.out:37
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:37 pwck.8.xml.out:44 pwconv.8.xml.out:43
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:37 shadow.5.xml.out:37 sg.1.xml.out:38 su.1.xml.out:54
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:37 useradd.8.xml.out:56 userdel.8.xml.out:43
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:44 vipw.8.xml.out:39
+msgid "4.13"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chage.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "change user password expiry information"
+msgstr "cambia le informazioni sulla scadenza della password"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: chage.1.xml.out:48 chfn.1.xml.out:51 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:48
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:52 chsh.1.xml.out:51 faillog.8.xml.out:48
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:49 groupmod.8.xml.out:49 grpck.8.xml.out:47
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:50 newusers.8.xml.out:64 passwd.1.xml.out:55
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:54 pwconv.8.xml.out:57 pwconv.8.xml.out:63
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:69 pwconv.8.xml.out:75 su.1.xml.out:64 useradd.8.xml.out:66
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:78 userdel.8.xml.out:52 usermod.8.xml.out:55
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:53 vipw.8.xml.out:59
+msgid "options"
+msgstr "opzioni"
+
+# type: TH
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:51 chfn.1.xml.out:54 chsh.1.xml.out:54 faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 passwd.1.xml.out:58 useradd.8.xml.out:68
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:158 userdel.8.xml.out:54 userdel.8.xml.out:64
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:57 usermod.8.xml.out:222 usermod.8.xml.out:506
+msgid "LOGIN"
+msgstr "LOGIN"
+
+# type: SH
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:57 chfn.1.xml.out:60 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:54
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:58 chsh.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:58
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:45 faillog.8.xml.out:54 gpasswd.1.xml.out:70
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:60 groupdel.8.xml.out:56 groupmems.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:56 groups.1.xml.out:54 grpck.8.xml.out:58
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:34 lastlog.8.xml.out:56 limits.5.xml.out:48
+#: login.1.xml.out:101 login.access.5.xml.out:46 login.defs.5.xml.out:114
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:51 newgrp.1.xml.out:53 newusers.8.xml.out:73
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:40 passwd.1.xml.out:64 passwd.5.xml.out:45
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:45 pwck.8.xml.out:69 pwconv.8.xml.out:81
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:94 shadow.3.xml.out:150 shadow.5.xml.out:45 sg.1.xml.out:57
+#: su.1.xml.out:79 suauth.5.xml.out:51 useradd.8.xml.out:84
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:60 usermod.8.xml.out:62 vipw.8.xml.out:65
+msgid "DESCRIPTION"
+msgstr "DESCRIZIONE"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:58
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chage</command> command changes the number of days between "
+#| "password changes and the date of the last password change. This "
+#| "information is used by the system to determine when a user must change "
+#| "their password."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes the number of days between password "
+"changes and the date of the last password change. This information is used "
+"by the system to determine when a user must change their password."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>chage</command> modifica il numero minimo di giorni tra i cambi di "
+"password e la data dell'ultimo cambio. Queste informazioni sono usate dal "
+"sistema per determinare quando un utente deve cambiare la propria password."
+
+# type: SH
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:67 chfn.1.xml.out:87 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:81
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:106 chsh.1.xml.out:71 expiry.1.xml.out:67
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:65 gpasswd.1.xml.out:110 groupadd.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:80 groupdel.8.xml.out:64 groupmems.8.xml.out:76
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:65 grpck.8.xml.out:122 lastlog.8.xml.out:68
+#: login.1.xml.out:186 newusers.8.xml.out:250 passwd.1.xml.out:150
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:163 su.1.xml.out:120
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:102 userdel.8.xml.out:69 usermod.8.xml.out:70
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:83
+msgid "OPTIONS"
+msgstr "OPZIONI"
+
+# type: TP
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:68 chfn.1.xml.out:88 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:82
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:107 chsh.1.xml.out:72 expiry.1.xml.out:68
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:66 gpasswd.1.xml.out:118 groupadd.8.xml.out:81
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:77 groupmod.8.xml.out:66
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:127 lastlog.8.xml.out:69 newusers.8.xml.out:251
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:151 pwck.8.xml.out:158 su.1.xml.out:121
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:103 userdel.8.xml.out:70 usermod.8.xml.out:71
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The options which apply to the <command>su</command> command are:"
+msgid "The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> command are:"
+msgstr "Il comando <command>su</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74 gpasswd.1.xml.out:137 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:168 useradd.8.xml.out:123 useradd.8.xml.out:151
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:599 usermod.8.xml.out:112 usermod.8.xml.out:260
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-d"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "--lastday"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74 chage.1.xml.out:81 chage.1.xml.out:175
+msgid "LAST_DAY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chage.1.xml.out:73 chage.1.xml.out:88 chage.1.xml.out:127
+#: chage.1.xml.out:156 chage.1.xml.out:168 chage.1.xml.out:189
+#: chage.1.xml.out:202 chfn.1.xml.out:93 chfn.1.xml.out:101 chfn.1.xml.out:109
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:121 chfn.1.xml.out:129 chfn.1.xml.out:150
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:122 chpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chpasswd.8.xml.out:164
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:177 chsh.1.xml.out:83 chsh.1.xml.out:96
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:104 faillog.8.xml.out:119 faillog.8.xml.out:156
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 gpasswd.1.xml.out:123 gpasswd.1.xml.out:136
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:157 groupadd.8.xml.out:101 groupadd.8.xml.out:157
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:200 groupadd.8.xml.out:213 groupdel.8.xml.out:88
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:101 groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110 groupmems.8.xml.out:141 groupmod.8.xml.out:72
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:81 groupmod.8.xml.out:120 groupmod.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:163 groupmod.8.xml.out:176 grpck.8.xml.out:148
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:74 lastlog.8.xml.out:103 lastlog.8.xml.out:127
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:305 passwd.1.xml.out:196 passwd.1.xml.out:245
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:267 passwd.1.xml.out:277 passwd.1.xml.out:321
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:334 pwck.8.xml.out:196 pwconv.8.xml.out:177
+#: su.1.xml.out:125 su.1.xml.out:162 useradd.8.xml.out:117
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:150 useradd.8.xml.out:178
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:195 useradd.8.xml.out:229 useradd.8.xml.out:277
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:424 useradd.8.xml.out:488 useradd.8.xml.out:501
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:516 useradd.8.xml.out:530 useradd.8.xml.out:565
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:591 useradd.8.xml.out:609 useradd.8.xml.out:621
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:638 useradd.8.xml.out:654 userdel.8.xml.out:122
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:135 usermod.8.xml.out:98 usermod.8.xml.out:111
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:128 usermod.8.xml.out:151 usermod.8.xml.out:173
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:216 usermod.8.xml.out:289 usermod.8.xml.out:327
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:340 usermod.8.xml.out:356 usermod.8.xml.out:368
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:500 vipw.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:82 chage.1.xml.out:288 groupadd.8.xml.out:303
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:168 groupmod.8.xml.out:259 grpck.8.xml.out:237
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:138 passwd.1.xml.out:425 pwck.8.xml.out:287
+#: su.1.xml.out:385 useradd.8.xml.out:811 userdel.8.xml.out:235
+msgid "0"
+msgstr "0"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:77
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last "
+#| "changed. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the "
+#| "format more commonly used in your area)."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last "
+"changed. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the "
+"format more commonly used in your area). If the <_:replaceable-1/> is set to "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> the user is forced to change his password on the next log on."
+msgstr ""
+"Imposta la data dell'ultimo cambio della password, espressa come il numero "
+"di giorni trascorsi dal 1 gennaio 1970. La data può anche essere specificata "
+"nel formato AAAA-MM-GG o nella notazione comunemente usata nel proprio paese."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-E"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89 useradd.8.xml.out:179 useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "--expiredate"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89 chage.1.xml.out:109 useradd.8.xml.out:179
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:610 usermod.8.xml.out:129 usermod.8.xml.out:243
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:416
+msgid "EXPIRE_DATE"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:92
+msgid ""
+"Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on which the user's "
+"account will no longer be accessible. The date may also be expressed in the "
+"format YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area). A user "
+"whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being "
+"able to use the system again."
+msgstr ""
+"Imposta la data o il numero di giorni dal 1 gennaio 1970 dal quale l'account "
+"utente non sarà più accessibile. La data può essere inserita nel formato "
+"AAAA-MM-GG (o il formato più comunemente utilizzato nel proprio paese). Un "
+"utente il cui account sia bloccato deve contattare l'amministratore di "
+"sistema prima di poter accedere nuovamente al sistema."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 "
+"days:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting
+#: chage.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "chage -E $(date -d +180days +%Y-%m-%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:108 chage.1.xml.out:139 chage.1.xml.out:182
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:344 useradd.8.xml.out:315
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "1"
+msgid "-1"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:107
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as the "
+#| "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> will remove an account expiration "
+#| "date."
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an "
+"account expiration date."
+msgstr ""
+"Se si passa il numero <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> come "
+"<replaceable>DATA_SCADENZA</replaceable>, si rimuove la data di scadenza "
+"dell'account."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chfn.1.xml.out:102 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:96 login.1.xml.out:204
+#: login.1.xml.out:229 newusers.8.xml.out:280 passwd.1.xml.out:190
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwconv.8.xml.out:171 useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:99 vipw.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "-h"
+msgstr "-h"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chfn.1.xml.out:143 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:96 newusers.8.xml.out:280
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:190 pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: su.1.xml.out:387 useradd.8.xml.out:271 userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "--help"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chage.1.xml.out:121 chage.1.xml.out:146
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:142 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:139 chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:73 expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:88 faillog.8.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:98
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 gpasswd.1.xml.out:172
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:188 groupadd.8.xml.out:87 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:144 groupadd.8.xml.out:184 groupadd.8.xml.out:228
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:71 groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:124 groupmems.8.xml.out:130 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:131 groupmod.8.xml.out:193 grpck.8.xml.out:132
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 grpck.8.xml.out:161 grpck.8.xml.out:172
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:84 lastlog.8.xml.out:95 lastlog.8.xml.out:116
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:268 newusers.8.xml.out:280 newusers.8.xml.out:286
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320 passwd.1.xml.out:156 passwd.1.xml.out:167
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:179 passwd.1.xml.out:190 passwd.1.xml.out:209
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:221 passwd.1.xml.out:257 passwd.1.xml.out:290
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:308 pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwck.8.xml.out:179
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188 pwck.8.xml.out:209 pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:168 useradd.8.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330 useradd.8.xml.out:349 useradd.8.xml.out:372
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:385 useradd.8.xml.out:404 useradd.8.xml.out:455
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:548 userdel.8.xml.out:75 userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:105 userdel.8.xml.out:152 usermod.8.xml.out:77
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:88 usermod.8.xml.out:230 usermod.8.xml.out:249
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:270 usermod.8.xml.out:316 usermod.8.xml.out:404
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:90 vipw.8.xml.out:96 vipw.8.xml.out:102 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127 vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>"
+msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:117 chfn.1.xml.out:146 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:109
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:149 chsh.1.xml.out:79 expiry.1.xml.out:90
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:100 gpasswd.1.xml.out:151 groupadd.8.xml.out:120
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:84 groupmems.8.xml.out:120 groupmod.8.xml.out:116
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:134 lastlog.8.xml.out:99 newusers.8.xml.out:282
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:192 pwck.8.xml.out:175 pwconv.8.xml.out:173
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:273 userdel.8.xml.out:101 vipw.8.xml.out:98
+msgid "Display help message and exit."
+msgstr "Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121 passwd.1.xml.out:197
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-i"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121
+msgid "--iso8601"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "When printing dates, use YYYY-MM-DD format."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-I"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128 passwd.1.xml.out:197 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622 usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "--inactive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128 chage.1.xml.out:134 chage.1.xml.out:140
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:197 passwd.1.xml.out:203 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:211 useradd.8.xml.out:622 useradd.8.xml.out:632
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "INACTIVE"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:131
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before "
+#| "the account is locked. The <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> option is "
+#| "the number of days of inactivity. A user whose account is locked must "
+#| "contact the system administrator before being able to use the system "
+#| "again."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the "
+"account is locked. The <_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days of "
+"inactivity. A user whose account is locked must contact the system "
+"administrator before being able to use the system again."
+msgstr ""
+"Imposta il numero di giorni di inattività dopo la scadenza della password "
+"dopo i quali l'account viene bloccato. L'opzione <replaceable>INATTIVO</"
+"replaceable> indica il numero di giorni di inattività. Un utente con "
+"l'account bloccato deve contattare l'amministratore prima di poter usare "
+"ancora il sistema."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:138
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as the "
+#| "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> will remove an account's inactivity."
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an "
+"account's inactivity."
+msgstr ""
+"Utilizzare il numero <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> come "
+"<replaceable>INATTIVO</replaceable> elimina l'intervallo di inattività "
+"dall'account."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: chage.1.xml.out:147 chage.1.xml.out:242 faillog.8.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105 faillog.8.xml.out:185 faillog.8.xml.out:202
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:55 groupmems.8.xml.out:124 passwd.1.xml.out:222
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:316 su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:156 useradd.8.xml.out:330
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "-l"
+msgstr "-l"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:147 groupmems.8.xml.out:124
+msgid "--list"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:150
+msgid "Show account aging information."
+msgstr "Visualizza le informazioni sulla scadenza dell'account."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:72 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:78 chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:130
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:155 faillog.8.xml.out:88 faillog.8.xml.out:120
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:185 faillog.8.xml.out:202 su.1.xml.out:207
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:287 useradd.8.xml.out:350 useradd.8.xml.out:476
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:119 usermod.8.xml.out:250
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-m"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+msgid "--mindays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 chage.1.xml.out:162 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:251
+msgid "MIN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:160 passwd.1.xml.out:249
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the minimum number of days between password changes to "
+#| "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>. A value of zero for this field "
+#| "indicates that the user may change their password at any time."
+msgid ""
+"Set the minimum number of days between password changes to <_:replaceable-1/"
+">. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their "
+"password at any time."
+msgstr ""
+"Imposta il numero minimo di giorni tra i cambi di password a "
+"<replaceable>MIN_GIORNI</replaceable>. Un valore pari a zero indica che "
+"l'utente può cambiare la propria password in qualsiasi momento."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 gpasswd.1.xml.out:81 gpasswd.1.xml.out:112
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:162 useradd.8.xml.out:373
+msgid "-M"
+msgstr "-M"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 passwd.1.xml.out:335
+msgid "--maxdays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 chage.1.xml.out:174 chage.1.xml.out:183
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335 passwd.1.xml.out:340 passwd.1.xml.out:345
+msgid "MAX_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:178 chage.1.xml.out:203 usermod.8.xml.out:481
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-W"
+msgstr "-"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:172
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid. When "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable> plus <replaceable>LAST_DAY</"
+#| "replaceable> is less than the current day, the user will be required to "
+#| "change their password before being able to use their account. This "
+#| "occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the <option>-W</"
+#| "option> option, which provides the user with advance warning."
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid. When <_:"
+"replaceable-1/> plus <_:replaceable-2/> is less than the current day, the "
+"user will be required to change their password before being able to use "
+"their account. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the "
+"<_:option-3/> option, which provides the user with advance warning."
+msgstr ""
+"Imposta il numero massimo di giorni di validità di una password. Quando la "
+"somma di <replaceable>MAX_GIORNI</replaceable> e <replaceable>ULTIMO_GIORNO</"
+"replaceable> è inferiore alla data odierna, l'utente è obbligato a cambiare "
+"la password prima di poter usare ancora il proprio account. Questo evento "
+"può essere reso noto in anticipo usando l'opzione <option>-W</option>, che "
+"fornisce un preavviso all'utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:181 passwd.1.xml.out:343
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable> will remove checking a password's "
+#| "validity."
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as <_:replaceable-2/> will remove "
+"checking a password's validity."
+msgstr ""
+"Usare il valore <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> come "
+"<replaceable>MAX_GIORNI</replaceable> rimuove il controllo sulla validità "
+"della password."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chfn.1.xml.out:130 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chsh.1.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:189 groupadd.8.xml.out:201 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142 groupmod.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104 newusers.8.xml.out:306 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197 pwconv.8.xml.out:178 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123 usermod.8.xml.out:328 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-R"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chfn.1.xml.out:130 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chsh.1.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158 groupadd.8.xml.out:201 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142 groupmod.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104 newusers.8.xml.out:306 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197 pwconv.8.xml.out:178 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123 usermod.8.xml.out:328 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "--root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chage.1.xml.out:194 chage.1.xml.out:196
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:130 chfn.1.xml.out:134 chfn.1.xml.out:136
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:127 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:129
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chpasswd.8.xml.out:169 chpasswd.8.xml.out:171
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:84 chsh.1.xml.out:88 chsh.1.xml.out:90 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:161 faillog.8.xml.out:163 gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:162 gpasswd.1.xml.out:164 groupadd.8.xml.out:201
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:205 groupadd.8.xml.out:207 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:93 groupdel.8.xml.out:95 groupmems.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:146 groupmems.8.xml.out:148 groupmod.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:168 groupmod.8.xml.out:170 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:153 grpck.8.xml.out:155 lastlog.8.xml.out:104
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:108 lastlog.8.xml.out:110 newusers.8.xml.out:306
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:310 newusers.8.xml.out:312 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:282 passwd.1.xml.out:284 pwck.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:201 pwck.8.xml.out:203 pwconv.8.xml.out:178
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:182 pwconv.8.xml.out:184 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:493 useradd.8.xml.out:495 userdel.8.xml.out:123
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:127 userdel.8.xml.out:129 usermod.8.xml.out:328
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:332 usermod.8.xml.out:334 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:119 vipw.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "CHROOT_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:193 chfn.1.xml.out:133 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:126
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:168 chsh.1.xml.out:87 faillog.8.xml.out:160
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:161 groupadd.8.xml.out:204 groupdel.8.xml.out:92
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:145 groupmod.8.xml.out:167 grpck.8.xml.out:152
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:107 newusers.8.xml.out:309 passwd.1.xml.out:281
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:200 pwconv.8.xml.out:181 useradd.8.xml.out:492
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:126 usermod.8.xml.out:331 vipw.8.xml.out:118
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory and "
+#| "use the configuration files from the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</"
+#| "replaceable> directory."
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration "
+"files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. Only absolute paths are "
+"supported."
+msgstr ""
+"Effettua le modifiche nella directory <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> "
+"e usa i file di configurazione dalla directory <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</"
+"replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203 passwd.1.xml.out:322
+msgid "--warndays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203 chage.1.xml.out:208 passwd.1.xml.out:322
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:327
+msgid "WARN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:206
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. "
+#| "The <replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable> option is the number of days "
+#| "prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password "
+#| "is about to expire."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The "
+"<_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password "
+"expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"Imposta il numero di giorni di preavviso prima che sia obbligatorio cambiare "
+"la password. L'opzione <replaceable>AVVISO_GIORNI</replaceable> indica il "
+"numero di giorni prima della scadenza della password in cui l'utente viene "
+"avvertito dell'imminente scadenza."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:220 chfn.1.xml.out:163 chsh.1.xml.out:112
+msgid "[ ]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:215
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If none of the options are selected, <command>chage</command> operates in "
+#| "an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for "
+#| "all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the "
+#| "line blank to use the current value. The current value is displayed "
+#| "between a pair of <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> marks."
+msgid ""
+"If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of "
+"the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank "
+"to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> marks."
+msgstr ""
+"Se non viene specificata nessuna opzione, <command>chage</command> opera in "
+"modalità interattiva, chiedendo all'utente il nuovo valore per ogni campo. "
+"Inserire un nuovo valore per modificare il campo, oppure lasciare la riga "
+"vuota per continuare a usare il valore attuale. I valori attuali vengono "
+"mostrati tra parentesi quadre <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis>."
+
+# type: SH
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:224 chsh.1.xml.out:117 groups.1.xml.out:65
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:170
+msgid "NOTE"
+msgstr "NOTA"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:225
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chage</command> program requires a shadow password file to "
+#| "be available."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program requires a shadow password file to be available."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>chage</command> richiede che il file delle password shadow sia "
+"disponibile."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:229
+msgid ""
+"The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password "
+"file. This implies that configuration from other sources (e.g. LDAP or empty "
+"password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user's login will "
+"not be shown in the chage output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: chage.1.xml.out:238 grpck.8.xml.out:294 login.defs.5.xml.out:410
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:185 pwck.8.xml.out:40 pwck.8.xml.out:47 pwck.8.xml.out:53
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:71 pwck.8.xml.out:147 pwck.8.xml.out:159 pwck.8.xml.out:191
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:223 pwck.8.xml.out:284 pwconv.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:248 shadow.5.xml.out:274
+msgid "pwck"
+msgstr "pwck"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:235
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program will also not report any inconsistency between "
+"the shadow and passwd files (e.g. missing x in the passwd file). The <_:"
+"command-2/> can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:241
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chage</command> command is restricted to the root user, "
+#| "except for the <option>-l</option> option, which may be used by an "
+#| "unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to "
+#| "expire."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is restricted to the root user, except for the <_:"
+"option-2/> option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine "
+"when their password or account is due to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"L'uso del comando <command>chage</command> è permesso solo all'utente root, "
+"tranne per l'opzione <option>-l</option>, che può essere usata da un utente "
+"non privilegiato per conoscere la scadenza della propria password o "
+"dell'account."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:249 chfn.1.xml.out:170 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:175
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:216 chsh.1.xml.out:131 gpasswd.1.xml.out:241
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:247 groupdel.8.xml.out:133 groupmems.8.xml.out:176
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:212 grpck.8.xml.out:196 lastlog.8.xml.out:182
+#: login.1.xml.out:270 newgrp.1.xml.out:85 newusers.8.xml.out:360
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:372 pwck.8.xml.out:240 pwconv.8.xml.out:204 sg.1.xml.out:74
+#: su.1.xml.out:314 useradd.8.xml.out:710 userdel.8.xml.out:165
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:536 vipw.8.xml.out:142
+msgid "CONFIGURATION"
+msgstr "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:252 chfn.1.xml.out:68 chfn.1.xml.out:173 chfn.1.xml.out:187
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:155 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:205 chpasswd.8.xml.out:77 chpasswd.8.xml.out:134
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:200 chpasswd.8.xml.out:219 chpasswd.8.xml.out:247
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:134 chsh.1.xml.out:159 gpasswd.1.xml.out:244
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:129 groupadd.8.xml.out:239 groupadd.8.xml.out:250
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:276 groupdel.8.xml.out:136 groupmems.8.xml.out:179
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:109 groupmod.8.xml.out:204 groupmod.8.xml.out:215
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:239 grpck.8.xml.out:199 lastlog.8.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:273 login.1.xml.out:365 login.access.5.xml.out:100
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:116 login.defs.5.xml.out:515 newgrp.1.xml.out:88
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:340 newusers.8.xml.out:363 newusers.8.xml.out:423
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:375 passwd.1.xml.out:405 pwck.8.xml.out:243
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:148 pwconv.8.xml.out:207 pwconv.8.xml.out:215
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:230 sg.1.xml.out:77 su.1.xml.out:109 su.1.xml.out:219
+#: su.1.xml.out:277 su.1.xml.out:317 su.1.xml.out:357 useradd.8.xml.out:241
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:307 useradd.8.xml.out:378 useradd.8.xml.out:399
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:467 useradd.8.xml.out:474 useradd.8.xml.out:560
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:713 useradd.8.xml.out:797 userdel.8.xml.out:87
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:168 userdel.8.xml.out:191 userdel.8.xml.out:297
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:399 usermod.8.xml.out:539 usermod.8.xml.out:569
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "/etc/login.defs"
+msgstr "/etc/login.defs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:250 chfn.1.xml.out:171 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:176
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:217 chsh.1.xml.out:132 gpasswd.1.xml.out:242
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:248 groupdel.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:213 grpck.8.xml.out:197 lastlog.8.xml.out:183
+#: login.1.xml.out:271 newgrp.1.xml.out:86 newusers.8.xml.out:361
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:373 pwck.8.xml.out:241 sg.1.xml.out:75 su.1.xml.out:315
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:711 userdel.8.xml.out:166 usermod.8.xml.out:537
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:143
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename> change the behavior of this tool:"
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior "
+"of this tool:"
+msgstr ""
+"Le seguenti variabili di configurazione in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename> cambiano il comportamento di questo strumento:"
+
+# type: SH
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:261 chfn.1.xml.out:184 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:190
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:232 chsh.1.xml.out:144 expiry.1.xml.out:97
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:220 gpasswd.1.xml.out:256
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:261 groupdel.8.xml.out:145 groupmems.8.xml.out:188
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:224 groups.1.xml.out:77 grpck.8.xml.out:208
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:194 limits.5.xml.out:172
+#: login.1.xml.out:314 login.access.5.xml.out:97 logoutd.8.xml.out:65
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:97 newusers.8.xml.out:396 passwd.1.xml.out:390
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:139 porttime.5.xml.out:106 pwck.8.xml.out:258
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:227 shadow.3.xml.out:202 shadow.5.xml.out:231
+#: sg.1.xml.out:86 su.1.xml.out:342 suauth.5.xml.out:169 useradd.8.xml.out:740
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:182 usermod.8.xml.out:554 vipw.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "FILES"
+msgstr "FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:265 chfn.1.xml.out:193 chpasswd.8.xml.out:235
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:147 expiry.1.xml.out:100 groupmod.8.xml.out:245
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:223 lastlog.8.xml.out:63 login.1.xml.out:145
+#: login.1.xml.out:329 newgrp.1.xml.out:65 newgrp.1.xml.out:70
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:100 newusers.8.xml.out:399 passwd.1.xml.out:393
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:47 passwd.5.xml.out:89 passwd.5.xml.out:142
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:73 pwck.8.xml.out:145 pwck.8.xml.out:212 pwck.8.xml.out:224
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:267 pwconv.8.xml.out:127 shadow.5.xml.out:234 sg.1.xml.out:89
+#: su.1.xml.out:185 su.1.xml.out:197 su.1.xml.out:345 useradd.8.xml.out:524
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:743 userdel.8.xml.out:197 usermod.8.xml.out:103
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:305 usermod.8.xml.out:362 usermod.8.xml.out:575
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:68 vipw.8.xml.out:187
+msgid "/etc/passwd"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:268 chfn.1.xml.out:195 chpasswd.8.xml.out:237
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:149 expiry.1.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:247
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:225 login.1.xml.out:331 newgrp.1.xml.out:102
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:401 passwd.1.xml.out:395 passwd.5.xml.out:144
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:269 shadow.5.xml.out:236 sg.1.xml.out:91 su.1.xml.out:347
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:745 userdel.8.xml.out:199 vipw.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "User account information."
+msgstr "Informazioni sugli account utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:273 chpasswd.8.xml.out:241 expiry.1.xml.out:106
+#: login.1.xml.out:335 newgrp.1.xml.out:68 newgrp.1.xml.out:106
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:295 newusers.8.xml.out:405 passwd.1.xml.out:399
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:82 passwd.5.xml.out:148 pwck.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:107 pwck.8.xml.out:213 pwck.8.xml.out:225 pwck.8.xml.out:273
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:128 pwconv.8.xml.out:149 shadow.3.xml.out:97
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:173 shadow.3.xml.out:205 shadow.5.xml.out:78
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:240 sg.1.xml.out:95 su.1.xml.out:351 useradd.8.xml.out:439
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:464 useradd.8.xml.out:749 userdel.8.xml.out:203
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:144 usermod.8.xml.out:145 usermod.8.xml.out:166
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:167 usermod.8.xml.out:306 usermod.8.xml.out:581
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:71 vipw.8.xml.out:193
+msgid "/etc/shadow"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:276 chpasswd.8.xml.out:243 expiry.1.xml.out:108
+#: login.1.xml.out:337 newgrp.1.xml.out:108 newusers.8.xml.out:407
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:401 pwck.8.xml.out:275 shadow.3.xml.out:207
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:242 sg.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:353 useradd.8.xml.out:751
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:205 vipw.8.xml.out:195
+msgid "Secure user account information."
+msgstr "Informazioni sicure sugli account utente."
+
+# type: SH
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:283 groupadd.8.xml.out:298 groupdel.8.xml.out:163
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:254 grpck.8.xml.out:232 passwd.1.xml.out:420
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:282 su.1.xml.out:366 useradd.8.xml.out:806
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:230
+msgid "EXIT VALUES"
+msgstr "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:290 groupadd.8.xml.out:305 groupdel.8.xml.out:170
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:239 passwd.1.xml.out:427 pwck.8.xml.out:289
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:813 userdel.8.xml.out:237
+msgid "success"
+msgstr "successo"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:296 passwd.1.xml.out:433
+msgid "permission denied"
+msgstr "permesso negato"
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#: chage.1.xml.out:300 groupadd.8.xml.out:309 groupdel.8.xml.out:174
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:265 groups.1.xml.out:95 groups.1.xml.out:98
+#: groups.1.xml.out:101 grpck.8.xml.out:249 limits.5.xml.out:90
+#: limits.5.xml.out:101 limits.5.xml.out:188 limits.5.xml.out:191
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:437 pwck.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:823
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:247
+msgid "2"
+msgstr "2"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:302 groupadd.8.xml.out:311 groupdel.8.xml.out:176
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:245 pwck.8.xml.out:295 useradd.8.xml.out:825
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:249
+msgid "invalid command syntax"
+msgstr "sintassi del comando errata"
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:306
+msgid "15"
+msgstr "15"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:308
+msgid "can't find the shadow password file"
+msgstr "non è possibile trovare il file delle password shadow"
+
+# type: TP
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:284 groupadd.8.xml.out:299 groupdel.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:255 grpck.8.xml.out:233 passwd.1.xml.out:421
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:283 useradd.8.xml.out:807 userdel.8.xml.out:231
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>pwck</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#| "<placeholder-1/>"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command exits with the following values: <_:"
+"variablelist-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Il comando <command>pwck</command> restituisce i seguenti valori: "
+"<placeholder-1/>"
+
+# type: SH
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:316 chfn.1.xml.out:202 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:214
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:262 chsh.1.xml.out:168 expiry.1.xml.out:115
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:232 gpasswd.1.xml.out:274
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:343 groupdel.8.xml.out:202 groupmems.8.xml.out:206
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:323 groups.1.xml.out:89 grpck.8.xml.out:277
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:150 limits.5.xml.out:182 login.1.xml.out:374
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:109 login.defs.5.xml.out:527 newgrp.1.xml.out:127
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:450 nologin.8.xml.out:57 passwd.1.xml.out:471
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:167 porttime.5.xml.out:118 pwck.8.xml.out:333
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:239 shadow.3.xml.out:214 shadow.5.xml.out:259
+#: sg.1.xml.out:116 su.1.xml.out:413 suauth.5.xml.out:198 useradd.8.xml.out:875
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:308 usermod.8.xml.out:602 vipw.8.xml.out:202
+msgid "SEE ALSO"
+msgstr "VEDERE ANCHE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:319 chfn.1.xml.out:211 chpasswd.8.xml.out:265
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:177 expiry.1.xml.out:118 groupadd.8.xml.out:351
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:211 groupmems.8.xml.out:215 groupmod.8.xml.out:332
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:291 lastlog.8.xml.out:176 login.1.xml.out:128
+#: login.1.xml.out:380 login.1.xml.out:395 login.defs.5.xml.out:399
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:516 login.defs.5.xml.out:533 login.defs.5.xml.out:539
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:79 newusers.8.xml.out:456 passwd.1.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:47 passwd.1.xml.out:53 passwd.1.xml.out:66
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:69 passwd.1.xml.out:86 passwd.1.xml.out:116
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:152 passwd.1.xml.out:366 passwd.1.xml.out:413
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:422 passwd.1.xml.out:451 passwd.1.xml.out:457
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:477 passwd.5.xml.out:33 passwd.5.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:182 pwck.8.xml.out:228 pwck.8.xml.out:342
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:84 pwconv.8.xml.out:99 shadow.5.xml.out:268
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:271 useradd.8.xml.out:884 userdel.8.xml.out:316
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:611 vipw.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "passwd"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:319 chage.1.xml.out:322 chfn.1.xml.out:208
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:211 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:223 chpasswd.8.xml.out:272
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:174 chsh.1.xml.out:177 expiry.1.xml.out:118
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:121 faillog.5.xml.out:34 faillog.8.xml.out:238
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:292 gpasswd.1.xml.out:295 groupadd.8.xml.out:363
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:344 grpck.8.xml.out:267 grpck.8.xml.out:280
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:287 grpck.8.xml.out:291 grpck.8.xml.out:297
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:23 gshadow.5.xml.out:153 gshadow.5.xml.out:156
+#: limits.5.xml.out:36 login.1.xml.out:389 login.1.xml.out:392
+#: login.1.xml.out:395 login.1.xml.out:398 login.access.5.xml.out:35
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:103 login.defs.5.xml.out:539 login.defs.5.xml.out:542
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:145 newgrp.1.xml.out:148 newusers.8.xml.out:79
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:453 newusers.8.xml.out:460 newusers.8.xml.out:463
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:48 nologin.8.xml.out:63 passwd.1.xml.out:455
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:477 passwd.1.xml.out:480 passwd.1.xml.out:484
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:34 passwd.5.xml.out:80 passwd.5.xml.out:194
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:34 pwck.8.xml.out:317 pwck.8.xml.out:336
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:342 pwck.8.xml.out:345 pwconv.8.xml.out:245
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:220 shadow.5.xml.out:34 shadow.5.xml.out:271
+#: sg.1.xml.out:134 sg.1.xml.out:137 su.1.xml.out:418 suauth.5.xml.out:34
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:91 useradd.8.xml.out:205 useradd.8.xml.out:628
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:899 useradd.8.xml.out:906 useradd.8.xml.out:909
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:319 userdel.8.xml.out:335 userdel.8.xml.out:338
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:162 usermod.8.xml.out:629 usermod.8.xml.out:633
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:636 vipw.8.xml.out:208 vipw.8.xml.out:211
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:214 vipw.8.xml.out:217 vipw.8.xml.out:220 vipw.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "5"
+msgstr "5"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:322 expiry.1.xml.out:121 grpck.8.xml.out:51
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:190 grpck.8.xml.out:297 login.defs.5.xml.out:542
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:480 passwd.5.xml.out:79 passwd.5.xml.out:194
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:229 pwck.8.xml.out:233 pwck.8.xml.out:345 pwconv.8.xml.out:84
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:85 pwconv.8.xml.out:100 pwconv.8.xml.out:101
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:33 shadow.3.xml.out:40 shadow.3.xml.out:96
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:220 shadow.5.xml.out:33 shadow.5.xml.out:40
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:47 useradd.8.xml.out:205 useradd.8.xml.out:628
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:162 vipw.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "shadow"
+msgstr "shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:317 expiry.1.xml.out:116 faillog.8.xml.out:233
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:58 shadow.3.xml.out:215
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:36 chfn.1.xml.out:43 chfn.1.xml.out:49 chfn.1.xml.out:62
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:89 chfn.1.xml.out:159 chfn.1.xml.out:164 chsh.1.xml.out:171
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:345 groupdel.8.xml.out:205 groupmems.8.xml.out:209
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:326 login.defs.5.xml.out:239 useradd.8.xml.out:878
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:310 usermod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:605
+msgid "chfn"
+msgstr "chfn"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:44
+msgid "change real user name and information"
+msgstr "cambia il nome dell'utente e altre informazioni"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:65 passwd.5.xml.out:117
+msgid "finger"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:71 chfn.1.xml.out:110 groupadd.8.xml.out:106
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:145 groupadd.8.xml.out:323 groupmod.8.xml.out:93
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:405 useradd.8.xml.out:536
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:837 usermod.8.xml.out:271 usermod.8.xml.out:377
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-o"
+msgstr "-"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chfn</command> command changes user fullname, office room "
+#| "number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a "
+#| "user's account. This information is typically printed by "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> and similar programs. A normal user may only "
+#| "change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>. (The default configuration is to "
+#| "prevent users from changing their fullname.) The superuser may change any "
+#| "field for any account. Additionally, only the superuser may use the "
+#| "<option>-o</option> option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS "
+#| "field."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes user fullname, office room number, office "
+"phone number, and home phone number information for a user's account. This "
+"information is typically printed by <_:citerefentry-2/> and similar "
+"programs. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, "
+"subject to the restrictions in <_:filename-3/>. (The default configuration "
+"is to prevent users from changing their fullname.) The superuser may change "
+"any field for any account. Additionally, only the superuser may use the <_:"
+"option-4/> option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>chfn</command> è usato per cambiare il nome completo "
+"dell'utilizzatore, il numero di stanza dell'ufficio, quello di telefono "
+"dell'ufficio e di casa. Questi dati sono normalmente stampati dal programma "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry> o equivalenti. Un utente normale può cambiare solo i dati "
+"relativi al proprio account, con eventuali altre limitazioni specificate in "
+"<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>. (La configurazione predefinita "
+"impedisce la modifica del proprio nome completo.) Il super utente può "
+"cambiare tutte le informazioni di ciascun utente. Inoltre, solo il super "
+"utente può usare l'opzione <option>-o</option> per la modifica delle parti "
+"non definite del campo GECOS."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:77 chfn.1.xml.out:80
+msgid "other"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "These fields must not contain any colons. Except for the <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">other</emphasis> field, they should not contain any comma or "
+#| "equal sign. It is also recommended to avoid non-US-ASCII characters, but "
+#| "this is only enforced for the phone numbers. The <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">other</emphasis> field is used to store accounting "
+#| "information used by other applications."
+msgid ""
+"These fields must not contain any colons. Except for the <_:emphasis-1/> "
+"field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign. It is also "
+"recommended to avoid non-US-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for "
+"the phone numbers. The <_:emphasis-2/> field is used to store accounting "
+"information used by other applications."
+msgstr ""
+"Questi campi non possono contenere nessun carattere due punti. Ad eccezione "
+"del campo <emphasis remap=\"I\">other</emphasis>, non dovrebbero contenere "
+"nessuna virgola e nessun segno uguale. È anche consigliato di evitare "
+"caratteri non US-ACII, ma su questo viene fatto un controllo solo per il "
+"numero di telefono. Il campo <emphasis remap=\"I\">other</emphasis> viene "
+"utilizzato per memorizzare informazioni sull'«accounting» da altre "
+"applicazioni."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94 expiry.1.xml.out:61 expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:88 groupdel.8.xml.out:72 login.1.xml.out:90
+#: login.1.xml.out:190 login.1.xml.out:229 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622 userdel.8.xml.out:76 userdel.8.xml.out:287
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:302 usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "-f"
+msgstr "-f"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+msgid "--full-name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+msgid "FULL_NAME"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: SS
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:97
+msgid "Change the user's full name."
+msgstr "Cambia il nome completo dell'utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+msgid "--home-phone"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+msgid "HOME_PHONE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "Change the user's home phone number."
+msgstr "Cambia il numero di telefono di casa dell'utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "--other"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "OTHER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:113
+msgid ""
+"Change the user's other GECOS information. This field is used to store "
+"accounting information used by other applications, and can be changed only "
+"by a superuser."
+msgstr ""
+"Cambia il campo GECOS per le altre informazioni. Questo campo viene "
+"utilizzato per memorizzare informazioni di «accounting» usate da altre "
+"applicazioni, e può essere modificato solo dal super utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122 faillog.8.xml.out:89 faillog.8.xml.out:144
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:186 faillog.8.xml.out:203 gpasswd.1.xml.out:173
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:112 groupadd.8.xml.out:185 grpck.8.xml.out:124
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 login.1.xml.out:220 login.1.xml.out:229
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:287 passwd.1.xml.out:268 pwck.8.xml.out:155
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188 useradd.8.xml.out:224 useradd.8.xml.out:456
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:542 userdel.8.xml.out:106 usermod.8.xml.out:317
+msgid "-r"
+msgstr "-r"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+msgid "--room"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+msgid "ROOM_NUMBER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:125
+msgid "Change the user's room number."
+msgstr "Cambia il numero della stanza dell'utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:143 faillog.8.xml.out:80 faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:214 lastlog.8.xml.out:90 lastlog.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 passwd.1.xml.out:309 useradd.8.xml.out:414
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:279 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-u"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151 passwd.1.xml.out:322 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-w"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+msgid "--work-phone"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+msgid "WORK_PHONE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:154
+msgid "Change the user's office phone number."
+msgstr "Cambia il numero di telefono di lavoro dell'utente."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If none of the options are selected, <command>chfn</command> operates in "
+#| "an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for "
+#| "all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the "
+#| "line blank to use the current value. The current value is displayed "
+#| "between a pair of <emphasis remap=\"B\">[ ]</emphasis> marks. Without "
+#| "options, <command>chfn</command> prompts for the current user account."
+msgid ""
+"If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of "
+"the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank "
+"to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> marks. Without options, <_:command-3/> prompts for the "
+"current user account."
+msgstr ""
+"Se nessuna delle opzioni è selezionata, <command>chfn</command> opera in "
+"maniera interattiva, chiedendo all'utente il valore da impostare per ogni "
+"campo. Inserire un nuovo valore per sostituire il contenuto attuale, oppure "
+"lasciare la riga vuota per non cambiarlo. Il valore attuale è mostrato tra "
+"le parentesi <emphasis remap=\"B\">[ ]</emphasis>. Senza nessuna opzione, "
+"<command>chfn</command> opera sull'account corrente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:189 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:207 chpasswd.8.xml.out:249
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:161 groupadd.8.xml.out:278 groupmod.8.xml.out:241
+#: login.1.xml.out:367 login.access.5.xml.out:102 newusers.8.xml.out:425
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:407 pwconv.8.xml.out:232 su.1.xml.out:359
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:799 userdel.8.xml.out:193
+msgid "Shadow password suite configuration."
+msgstr "Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:205 chsh.1.xml.out:36 chsh.1.xml.out:43 chsh.1.xml.out:49
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:62 chsh.1.xml.out:73 chsh.1.xml.out:109
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:348 groupdel.8.xml.out:208 groupmems.8.xml.out:212
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:329 login.defs.5.xml.out:270 useradd.8.xml.out:881
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:313 usermod.8.xml.out:608
+msgid "chsh"
+msgstr "chsh"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:208 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:223 chpasswd.8.xml.out:272
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:174 groupadd.8.xml.out:194 groupadd.8.xml.out:363
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:344 login.1.xml.out:389 login.defs.5.xml.out:102
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:109 newusers.8.xml.out:298 newusers.8.xml.out:453
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:484 pwconv.8.xml.out:92 pwconv.8.xml.out:94
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:108 pwconv.8.xml.out:245 su.1.xml.out:418
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:899 userdel.8.xml.out:117 userdel.8.xml.out:319
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:629 vipw.8.xml.out:214
+msgid "login.defs"
+msgstr "login.defs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:203 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:215 chsh.1.xml.out:169
+#: limits.5.xml.out:183
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Creation, 2006"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:33 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:40 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:46
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:56 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:66 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:83
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:249
+msgid "chgpasswd"
+msgstr "chgpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:34 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:220 chpasswd.8.xml.out:38
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:268 chpasswd.8.xml.out:276 faillog.5.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:34 gpasswd.1.xml.out:280 gpasswd.1.xml.out:283
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:286 gpasswd.1.xml.out:289 groupadd.8.xml.out:37
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:354 groupadd.8.xml.out:357 groupadd.8.xml.out:360
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:366 groupadd.8.xml.out:369 groupadd.8.xml.out:372
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:35 groupdel.8.xml.out:186 groupdel.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:217 groupdel.8.xml.out:220 groupdel.8.xml.out:223
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:226 groupdel.8.xml.out:229 groupmems.8.xml.out:38
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:218 groupmems.8.xml.out:221 groupmems.8.xml.out:224
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:227 groupmems.8.xml.out:230 groupmod.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:335 groupmod.8.xml.out:338 groupmod.8.xml.out:341
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:347 groupmod.8.xml.out:350 groupmod.8.xml.out:353
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:34 grpck.8.xml.out:283 grpck.8.xml.out:294
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:159 gshadow.5.xml.out:162 lastlog.8.xml.out:36
+#: login.1.xml.out:174 login.1.xml.out:176 login.1.xml.out:249
+#: login.1.xml.out:251 login.1.xml.out:401 login.defs.5.xml.out:545
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:34 newusers.8.xml.out:50 newusers.8.xml.out:467
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:23 passwd.1.xml.out:474 passwd.1.xml.out:488
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:185 passwd.5.xml.out:188 passwd.5.xml.out:191
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:200 pwck.8.xml.out:41 pwck.8.xml.out:339 pwck.8.xml.out:348
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:40 pwconv.8.xml.out:242 pwconv.8.xml.out:248
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:251 pwconv.8.xml.out:254 shadow.5.xml.out:274
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:277 shadow.5.xml.out:280 shadow.5.xml.out:286
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:192 useradd.8.xml.out:53 useradd.8.xml.out:574
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:890 useradd.8.xml.out:893 useradd.8.xml.out:896
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:902 useradd.8.xml.out:913 useradd.8.xml.out:916
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:40 userdel.8.xml.out:259 userdel.8.xml.out:322
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:325 userdel.8.xml.out:328 userdel.8.xml.out:331
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:342 userdel.8.xml.out:345 usermod.8.xml.out:41
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:617 usermod.8.xml.out:620 usermod.8.xml.out:623
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:626 usermod.8.xml.out:640 usermod.8.xml.out:643
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:36
+msgid "8"
+msgstr "8"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:35 chpasswd.8.xml.out:39 faillog.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:38 groupdel.8.xml.out:36 groupmems.8.xml.out:39
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:36 grpck.8.xml.out:35 lastlog.8.xml.out:37
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:35 newusers.8.xml.out:51 nologin.8.xml.out:24
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:42 pwconv.8.xml.out:41 useradd.8.xml.out:54
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:41 usermod.8.xml.out:42 vipw.8.xml.out:37
+msgid "System Management Commands"
+msgstr "Comandi per la gestione del sistema"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "update group passwords in batch mode"
+msgstr "aggiorna le password di gruppo in modalità non interattiva"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:55
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chgpasswd</command> command reads a list of group name and "
+#| "password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a "
+#| "set of existing groups. Each line is of the format:"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of group name and password pairs "
+"from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing "
+"groups. Each line is of the format:"
+msgstr ""
+"Il comando <command>chgpasswd</command> legge un elenco di coppie di nomi "
+"gruppo e password e usa queste informazioni per aggiornare un insieme di "
+"gruppi esistenti. Ciascuna riga usa il formato:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:61 groupmems.8.xml.out:54 groupmems.8.xml.out:110
+msgid "group_name"
+msgstr "group_name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:62 chpasswd.8.xml.out:66 passwd.5.xml.out:77
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:86 passwd.5.xml.out:91 passwd.5.xml.out:95
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:98
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "password"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:60 chpasswd.8.xml.out:64
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:64
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted "
+#| "by <command>chgpasswd</command>."
+msgid ""
+"By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted by "
+"<_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Come impostazione predefinita la password deve essere in chiaro ed è cifrata "
+"da <command>chgpasswd</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chpasswd.8.xml.out:75 chpasswd.8.xml.out:132
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD"
+msgstr "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:71 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101 chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:130 chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:180 useradd.8.xml.out:179 useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-e"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: arg/arg
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:72 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:114 chpasswd.8.xml.out:129
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:73 newusers.8.xml.out:268
+#: sg.1.xml.out:50 su.1.xml.out:86 su.1.xml.out:126 su.1.xml.out:131
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "-c"
+msgstr "-c"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:68
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the "
+#| "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> variable of <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>, and can be overwiten with the <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</"
+#| "option>, or <option>-c</option> options."
+msgid ""
+"The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:"
+"option-1/> variable of <_:filename-2/>, and can be overwritten with the <_:"
+"option-3/>, <_:option-4/>, or <_:option-5/> options."
+msgstr ""
+"L'algoritmo di cifratura utilizzato può essere definito per tutto il sistema "
+"dalla variabile <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> in <filename>/etc/login."
+"defs</filename>, e può essere modificato con le opzioni <option>-e</option>, "
+"<option>-m</option> o <option>-c</option>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:74 chpasswd.8.xml.out:99
+msgid ""
+"This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many "
+"accounts are created at a single time."
+msgstr ""
+"Questo comando è appositamente pensato per grossi sistemi in cui si abbia la "
+"necessità di creare molti account nello stesso momento."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chpasswd.8.xml.out:114 newusers.8.xml.out:268
+msgid "--crypt-method"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:90 chpasswd.8.xml.out:117 newusers.8.xml.out:270
+msgid "Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr "Utilizza il metodo specificato per cifrare le password."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:91 chpasswd.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "The available methods are DES, MD5, and NONE."
+msgstr "I metodi disponibili sono DES, MD5 e NONE (nessuno)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:94 chpasswd.8.xml.out:121 newusers.8.xml.out:271
+msgid ""
+"The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc "
+"support these methods."
+msgstr ""
+"I metodi disponibili sono DES, MD5, NONE e SHA256 o SHA512 se la propria "
+"libc lo consente."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101 chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "encrypted password"
+msgid "--encrypted"
+msgstr "password cifrata"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:103 chpasswd.8.xml.out:141
+msgid "Supplied passwords are in encrypted form."
+msgstr "Le password fornite sono in forma cifrata."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+msgid "--md5"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:115 chpasswd.8.xml.out:157
+msgid ""
+"Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are not "
+"encrypted."
+msgstr ""
+"Usa la cifratura MD5 anziché DES quando le password fornite non sono cifrate."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135 chpasswd.8.xml.out:178 chsh.1.xml.out:97
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:108 grpck.8.xml.out:124 grpck.8.xml.out:161
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320 pwck.8.xml.out:155 pwck.8.xml.out:209
+#: su.1.xml.out:163 useradd.8.xml.out:517 useradd.8.xml.out:655
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357 vipw.8.xml.out:70 vipw.8.xml.out:127
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-s"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135 chpasswd.8.xml.out:178 newusers.8.xml.out:320
+msgid "--sha-rounds"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:137 chpasswd.8.xml.out:181 newusers.8.xml.out:322
+msgid "Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr "Usa il numero specificato di cicli per cifrare la password."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:140 chpasswd.8.xml.out:184 newusers.8.xml.out:325
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number of rounds "
+"for the crypt method (5000)."
+msgstr ""
+"Il valore 0 indica che il sistema utilizzerà il numero predefinito di cicli "
+"per il metodo crypt (5000)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:144 chpasswd.8.xml.out:188 newusers.8.xml.out:329
+msgid ""
+"A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced."
+msgstr "I valori minimo di 1.000 e massimo di 999.999.999 sono forzati."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:148 chpasswd.8.xml.out:192 newusers.8.xml.out:333
+msgid "You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt method."
+msgstr ""
+"Si può utilizzare questa opzione solo con i metodi di cifratura SHA256 o "
+"SHA512."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:152 newusers.8.xml.out:337
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS "
+#| "and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and "
+"SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Il numero di cicli predefinito è impostato con le variabili "
+"SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS e SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS nel file <filename>/etc/login."
+"defs</filename>."
+
+# type: SH
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:163 chpasswd.8.xml.out:208 faillog.8.xml.out:209
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:229 groupadd.8.xml.out:285 groupdel.8.xml.out:121
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:206 login.1.xml.out:236 newusers.8.xml.out:348
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:354 shadow.3.xml.out:194 su.1.xml.out:306
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:682 userdel.8.xml.out:281 usermod.8.xml.out:517
+msgid "CAVEATS"
+msgstr "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:164 chpasswd.8.xml.out:209
+msgid ""
+"Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of unencrypted "
+"files by other users."
+msgstr ""
+"Ricordarsi di impostare i permessi o umask in modo da prevenire la lettura "
+"in chiaro da parte di altri utenti."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:168 newusers.8.xml.out:353
+msgid ""
+"You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect the "
+"system's password policy."
+msgstr ""
+"Ci si deve accertare che le password e il metodo di cifratura rispettino le "
+"norme delle password del sistema."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:193 gpasswd.1.xml.out:48 gpasswd.1.xml.out:51
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:73 gpasswd.1.xml.out:231 gpasswd.1.xml.out:259
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:170 groupadd.8.xml.out:264 groupdel.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:191 groupmod.8.xml.out:227 groups.1.xml.out:58
+#: groups.1.xml.out:70 groups.1.xml.out:80 grpck.8.xml.out:62
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:81 grpck.8.xml.out:94 grpck.8.xml.out:112
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:177 grpck.8.xml.out:185
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:211 gshadow.5.xml.out:91 gshadow.5.xml.out:124
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:135 newgrp.1.xml.out:80 newgrp.1.xml.out:112
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:411 pwck.8.xml.out:261 pwconv.8.xml.out:128
+#: sg.1.xml.out:101 suauth.5.xml.out:90 useradd.8.xml.out:755
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:185 usermod.8.xml.out:557 vipw.8.xml.out:69
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:175
+msgid "/etc/group"
+msgstr "/etc/group"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:195 gpasswd.1.xml.out:261 groupadd.8.xml.out:266
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:150 groupmems.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:229
+#: groups.1.xml.out:82 grpck.8.xml.out:213 gshadow.5.xml.out:137
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:114 newusers.8.xml.out:413 pwck.8.xml.out:263
+#: sg.1.xml.out:103 useradd.8.xml.out:757 userdel.8.xml.out:187
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "Group account information."
+msgstr "Informazioni sugli account di gruppo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:199 gpasswd.1.xml.out:52 gpasswd.1.xml.out:74
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:232 gpasswd.1.xml.out:265 groupadd.8.xml.out:170
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:270 groupdel.8.xml.out:154 groupmems.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:88 groupmems.8.xml.out:98 groupmems.8.xml.out:103
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:104 groupmems.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:135
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:197 groupmod.8.xml.out:233 grpck.8.xml.out:63
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:93 grpck.8.xml.out:114 grpck.8.xml.out:166
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:186 grpck.8.xml.out:217 gshadow.5.xml.out:36
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:141 newgrp.1.xml.out:78 newgrp.1.xml.out:118
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:417 pwconv.8.xml.out:129 sg.1.xml.out:107
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:761 usermod.8.xml.out:563 vipw.8.xml.out:72
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:181
+msgid "/etc/gshadow"
+msgstr "/etc/gshadow"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:201 gpasswd.1.xml.out:267 groupadd.8.xml.out:272
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:156 groupmod.8.xml.out:235 grpck.8.xml.out:219
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:143 newgrp.1.xml.out:120 newusers.8.xml.out:419
+#: sg.1.xml.out:109 useradd.8.xml.out:763 vipw.8.xml.out:183
+msgid "Secure group account information."
+msgstr "Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:217 gpasswd.1.xml.out:38 gpasswd.1.xml.out:45
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:59 gpasswd.1.xml.out:72 gpasswd.1.xml.out:85
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:119 groupadd.8.xml.out:354 groupdel.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:335 gshadow.5.xml.out:153 login.defs.5.xml.out:280
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:142 sg.1.xml.out:131 userdel.8.xml.out:322
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:617
+msgid "gpasswd"
+msgstr "gpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:220 gpasswd.1.xml.out:280 groupadd.8.xml.out:36
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:43 groupadd.8.xml.out:49 groupadd.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:82 groupadd.8.xml.out:292 groupadd.8.xml.out:300
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:217 groupmems.8.xml.out:218 groupmod.8.xml.out:338
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:290 useradd.8.xml.out:890 userdel.8.xml.out:325
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:620
+msgid "groupadd"
+msgstr "groupadd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:21 groupadd.8.xml.out:20 groupdel.8.xml.out:18
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:18 groups.1.xml.out:17 login.defs.5.xml.out:86
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:17 newgrp.1.xml.out:18 newusers.8.xml.out:33
+#: sg.1.xml.out:18 useradd.8.xml.out:36 userdel.8.xml.out:23
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "Creation, 1991"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:37 chpasswd.8.xml.out:44 chpasswd.8.xml.out:50
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:60 chpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chpasswd.8.xml.out:89
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:96 chpasswd.8.xml.out:108 chpasswd.8.xml.out:255
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:259 passwd.1.xml.out:474
+msgid "chpasswd"
+msgstr "chpasswd"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:45
+msgid "update passwords in batch mode"
+msgstr "aggiorna le password in modo non interattivo"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chpasswd</command> command reads a list of user name and "
+#| "password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a "
+#| "group of existing users. Each line is of the format:"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of user name and password pairs from "
+"standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing "
+"users. Each line is of the format:"
+msgstr ""
+"<command>chpasswd</command> legge da standard input un elenco di coppie di "
+"nomi utente e password e usa queste informazioni per aggiornare un gruppo di "
+"utenti esistenti. Ciascuna riga usa il formato:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:52 groupmems.8.xml.out:53
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "user_name"
+msgstr "user_name"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:68
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are "
+#| "encrypted by <command>chpasswd</command>. Also the password age will be "
+#| "updated, if present."
+msgid ""
+"By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are encrypted "
+"by <_:command-1/>. Also the password age will be updated, if present."
+msgstr ""
+"Come impostazione predefinita, si devono fornire password in chiaro che "
+"vengono poi cifrate da <command>chpasswd</command>. Vengono aggiornate, se "
+"presenti, anche le informazioni sulla durata delle password."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:76 chpasswd.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgid "MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgstr "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:73
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the "
+#| "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> variable of <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>, and can be overwiten with the <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</"
+#| "option>, or <option>-c</option> options."
+msgid ""
+"The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:"
+"option-1/> or <_:option-2/> variables of <_:filename-3/>, and can be "
+"overwritten with the <_:option-4/>, <_:option-5/>, or <_:option-6/> options."
+msgstr ""
+"L'algoritmo di cifratura utilizzato può essere definito per tutto il sistema "
+"dalla variabile <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> in <filename>/etc/login."
+"defs</filename>, e può essere modificato con le opzioni <option>-e</option>, "
+"<option>-m</option> o <option>-c</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:81
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not recommended) "
+#| "you can select a different encryption method with the <option>-e</"
+#| "option>, <option>-m</option>, or <option>-c</option> options."
+msgid ""
+"By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not recommended) "
+"you can select a different encryption method with the <_:option-1/>, <_:"
+"option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options."
+msgstr ""
+"Se non diversamente impostato, le password saranno cifrate da PAM, ma (anche "
+"se non è raccomandato) si può impostare un metodo di cifratura diverso con "
+"le opzioni <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</option> e <option>-c</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:88
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords."
+msgid "Except when PAM is used to encrypt the passwords,"
+msgstr "PAM viene utilizzato, in maniera predefinita, per cifrare le password."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<phrase condition=\"pam\">Except when PAM is used to encrypt the "
+#| "passwords,</phrase><command>chpasswd</command> first updates all the "
+#| "passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no "
+#| "errors occured for any user."
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> <_:command-2/> first updates all the passwords in memory, and "
+"then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user."
+msgstr ""
+"<phrase condition=\"pam\">Escluso quando PAM viene utilizzato per cifrare le "
+"password, </phrase><command>chpasswd</command> prima aggiorna tutte le "
+"passwor in memoria, e poi scrive tutto su disco se non trova errori per "
+"nessun utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:93
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in "
+#| "the system database) then if a password cannot be updated "
+#| "<command>chpasswd</command> continues updating the passwords of the next "
+#| "users, and will return an error code on exit."
+msgid ""
+"When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in the "
+"system database) then if a password cannot be updated <_:command-1/> "
+"continues updating the passwords of the next users, and will return an error "
+"code on exit."
+msgstr ""
+"Quando PAM è utilizzato per cifrare le password (e aggiornare le password "
+"nel database di sistema), se una password non può essere aggiornata "
+"<command>chpasswd</command> continua con l'aggiornamento delle password "
+"degli utenti seguenti, e restituisce un codice d'errore all'uscita."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "METHOD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr "PAM viene utilizzato, in maniera predefinita, per cifrare le password."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default (if none of the <option>-c</option>, <option>-m</option>, or "
+#| "<option>-e</option> options are specified), the encryption method is "
+#| "defined by the <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> or <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</"
+#| "option> variables of <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"By default (if none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> "
+"options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the <_:option-4/"
+"> or <_:option-5/> variables of <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Normalmente (se nessuna delle opzioni <option>-c</option>, <option>-m</"
+"option> o <option>-e</option> viene specificata), il metodo di cifratura è "
+"definito dalle variabili <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> o "
+"<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+msgid "ROUNDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:198
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgstr "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS"
+msgstr "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:196
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, the number of rounds is defined by the "
+#| "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> and <option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</"
+#| "option> variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"By default, the number of rounds is defined by the <_:option-1/> and <_:"
+"option-2/> variables in <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Il numero di cicli è definito dalle variabili <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</"
+"option> e <option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> in <filename>/etc/login."
+"defs</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:253
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/chpasswd"
+msgstr "/etc/pam.d/chpasswd"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:255 newusers.8.xml.out:431 passwd.1.xml.out:413
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "PAM configuration for <command>passwd</command>."
+msgid "PAM configuration for <_:command-1/>."
+msgstr "configurazione PAM per <command>passwd</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:268 login.defs.5.xml.out:380 newusers.8.xml.out:49
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:56 newusers.8.xml.out:62 newusers.8.xml.out:75
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:96 newusers.8.xml.out:123 newusers.8.xml.out:132
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:151 newusers.8.xml.out:164 newusers.8.xml.out:170
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:172 newusers.8.xml.out:210 newusers.8.xml.out:230
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:252 newusers.8.xml.out:431 useradd.8.xml.out:902
+msgid "newusers"
+msgstr "newusers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:270 grpck.8.xml.out:285 passwd.1.xml.out:482
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:276 groupadd.8.xml.out:366 groupdel.8.xml.out:223
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:224 groupmod.8.xml.out:347 login.defs.5.xml.out:462
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:467 useradd.8.xml.out:52 useradd.8.xml.out:59
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:64 useradd.8.xml.out:71 useradd.8.xml.out:75
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:87 useradd.8.xml.out:90 useradd.8.xml.out:103
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:129 useradd.8.xml.out:187 useradd.8.xml.out:209
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:239 useradd.8.xml.out:284 useradd.8.xml.out:341
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:472 useradd.8.xml.out:584 useradd.8.xml.out:586
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:690 useradd.8.xml.out:808 userdel.8.xml.out:342
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:640
+msgid "useradd"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:263 newusers.8.xml.out:451
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:44
+msgid "change login shell"
+msgstr "cambia la shell di login"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chsh</command> command changes the user login shell. This "
+#| "determines the name of the user's initial login command. A normal user "
+#| "may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may "
+#| "change the login shell for any account."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes the user login shell. This determines the "
+"name of the user's initial login command. A normal user may only change the "
+"login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell "
+"for any account."
+msgstr ""
+"Il comando <command>chsh</command> cambia la shell di login dell'utente, in "
+"altre parole determina il comando iniziale eseguito quando un utente accede "
+"al sistema. Chiunque può cambiare la propria shell di login, mentre "
+"l'amministratore può cambiare la shell di login per ogni account."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:163 su.1.xml.out:199 useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:655 usermod.8.xml.out:357
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "pw_shell"
+msgid "--shell"
+msgstr "pw_shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:163 useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:522 useradd.8.xml.out:655 useradd.8.xml.out:662
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357
+msgid "SHELL"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank causes "
+"the system to select the default login shell."
+msgstr ""
+"Il nome della nuova shell di login dell'utente. Lasciando questo campo vuoto "
+"si fa in modo che il sistema selezioni la shell di login predefinita."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:107
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <option>-s</option> option is not selected, <command>chsh</"
+#| "command> operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the "
+#| "current login shell. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave "
+#| "the line blank to use the current one. The current shell is displayed "
+#| "between a pair of <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> marks."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:option-1/> option is not selected, <_:command-2/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell. Enter "
+"the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the "
+"current one. The current shell is displayed between a pair of <_:emphasis-3/"
+"> marks."
+msgstr ""
+"Se non viene usata l'opzione <option>-s</option>, <command>chsh</command> "
+"opera in maniera interattiva, mostrando all'utente la shell attuale. "
+"Inserire il nuovo valore oppure lasciare la riga vuota per non modificare il "
+"valore attuale. La shell attuale è mostrata tra parentesi <emphasis>[ ]</"
+"emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:120 chsh.1.xml.out:124 chsh.1.xml.out:153 su.1.xml.out:198
+msgid "/etc/shells"
+msgstr "/etc/shells"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "/bin/rsh"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:118
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name "
+#| "must be listed in <filename>/etc/shells</filename>, unless the invoker is "
+#| "the superuser, and then any value may be added. An account with a "
+#| "restricted login shell may not change her login shell. For this reason, "
+#| "placing <filename>/bin/rsh</filename> in <filename>/etc/shells</filename> "
+#| "is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would "
+#| "prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original "
+#| "value."
+msgid ""
+"The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must "
+"be listed in <_:filename-1/>, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then "
+"any value may be added. An account with a restricted login shell may not "
+"change her login shell. For this reason, placing <_:filename-2/> in <_:"
+"filename-3/> is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted "
+"shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its "
+"original value."
+msgstr ""
+"L'unica limitazione sulla scelta della shell di login è che il nome del "
+"comando deve essere presente in <filename>/etc/shells</filename>; fa "
+"eccezione l'amministratore di sistema, che è libero di scegliere qualsiasi "
+"valore. Un account con una shell di login limitata non può cambiare la "
+"propria shell di login. Per questo motivo è sconsigliato includere "
+"<filename>/bin/rsh</filename> in <filename>/etc/shells</filename>: se "
+"accidentalmente un utente selezionasse una shell limitata, non potrebbe più "
+"tornare alla shell di login che usava originariamente."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:155
+msgid "List of valid login shells."
+msgstr "Elenco delle shell di login ammesse."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:37 expiry.1.xml.out:44 expiry.1.xml.out:50
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:69
+msgid "expiry"
+msgstr "expiry"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:45
+msgid "check and enforce password expiration policy"
+msgstr "controlla e fa rispettare la scadenza della password"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:52 gpasswd.1.xml.out:61
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "opzione"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>expiry</command> command checks (<option>-c</option>) the "
+#| "current password expiration and forces (<option>-f</option>) changes when "
+#| "required. It is callable as a normal user command."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command checks (<_:option-2/>) the current password "
+"expiration and forces (<_:option-3/>) changes when required. It is callable "
+"as a normal user command."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>expiry</command> controlla (<option>-c</option>) la scadenza della "
+"password in uso e, se necessario, richiede (<option>-f</option>) che venga "
+"cambiata quando necessario. Questo comando può essere eseguito da un utente "
+"qualsiasi."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:73
+msgid "--check"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:75
+msgid "Check the password expiration of the current user."
+msgstr "Controlla la scadenza della password dell'utente corrente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:79 groupadd.8.xml.out:88 groupdel.8.xml.out:72
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "--force"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:81
+msgid "Force a password change if the current user has an expired password."
+msgstr ""
+"Forza un cambio di password se l'utente corrente ha una password scaduta."
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:17 faillog.8.xml.out:17 login.1.xml.out:50
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:24 passwd.5.xml.out:17 porttime.5.xml.out:17
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:17 shadow.5.xml.out:17 su.1.xml.out:34
+msgid "Creation, 1989"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:33 faillog.5.xml.out:40 faillog.5.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:33 faillog.8.xml.out:40 faillog.8.xml.out:46
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:56 faillog.8.xml.out:59 faillog.8.xml.out:67
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:76 faillog.8.xml.out:203 faillog.8.xml.out:211
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:238
+msgid "faillog"
+msgstr "faillog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:35 gshadow.5.xml.out:24 limits.5.xml.out:37
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:36 login.defs.5.xml.out:104 passwd.5.xml.out:35
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:35 shadow.5.xml.out:35 suauth.5.xml.out:35
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "File Formats and Conversions"
+msgid "File Formats and Configuration Files"
+msgstr "Formati di file e conversioni"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "login failure logging file"
+msgstr "file di log degli accessi falliti"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:47 faillog.5.xml.out:75 faillog.8.xml.out:57
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:113 faillog.8.xml.out:138 faillog.8.xml.out:150
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "/var/log/faillog"
+msgstr "/var/log/faillog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> maintains a count of login failures "
+#| "and the limits for each account."
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"<filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> mantiene un contatore di accessi "
+"falliti e dei vari limiti per ogni account."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:50
+msgid ""
+"The file contains fixed length records, indexed by numerical UID. Each "
+"record contains the count of login failures since the last successful login; "
+"the maximum number of failures before the account is disabled; the line on "
+"which the last login failure occurred; the date of the last login failure; "
+"and the duration (in seconds) during which the account will be locked after "
+"a failure."
+msgstr ""
+"Questo file è composto da record di lunghezza fissa, indicizzati dal valore "
+"numerico di UID. Ciascun record contiene il conteggio degli accessi falliti "
+"a partire dall'ultimo login corretto, il numero massimo di tentativi "
+"permessi prima che l'account venga disabilitato, il terminale sul quale "
+"l'ultimo tentativo fallito è avvenuto, la data in cui è avvenuto, e infine "
+"il periodo (in secondi) durante il quale l'account verrà bloccato a seguito "
+"di un fallimento."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "The structure of the file is:"
+msgstr "La struttura del file è la seguente:"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "struct\tfaillog {\n"
+#| "\tshort   fail_cnt;\n"
+#| "\tshort   fail_max;\n"
+#| "\tchar    fail_line[12];\n"
+#| "\ttime_t  fail_time;\n"
+#| "\tlong    fail_locktime;\n"
+#| "};"
+msgid ""
+"struct faillog { short fail_cnt; short fail_max; char fail_line[12]; time_t "
+"fail_time; long fail_locktime; };"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"struct\tfaillog {\n"
+"\tshort   fail_cnt;\n"
+"\tshort   fail_max;\n"
+"\tchar    fail_line[12];\n"
+"\ttime_t  fail_time;\n"
+"\tlong    fail_locktime;\n"
+"};"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:77 faillog.8.xml.out:225
+msgid "Failure logging file."
+msgstr "File per tracciare gli accessi falliti."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "display faillog records or set login failure limits"
+msgstr "mostra le registrazioni e imposta i limiti degli accessi falliti"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:55
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>faillog</command> displays the contents of the failure log "
+#| "database (<filename>/var/log/faillog</filename>). It can also set the "
+#| "failure counters and limits. When <command>faillog</command> is run "
+#| "without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who "
+#| "had a login failure."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> displays the contents of the failure log database (<_:"
+"filename-2/>). It can also set the failure counters and limits. When <_:"
+"command-3/> is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records "
+"of the users who had a login failure."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>faillog</command> mostra il contentuto del database degli accessi "
+"falliti (<filename>/var/log/faillog</filename>); può anche essere usato per "
+"impostare i conteggi e i limiti dei tentativi falliti. Eseguire "
+"<command>faillog</command> senza argomenti per ottenere un elenco degli "
+"utenti che hanno fallito almeno un tentativo di accesso."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:215 gpasswd.1.xml.out:124
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmod.8.xml.out:73 passwd.1.xml.out:157
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:78 usermod.8.xml.out:210
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-a"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72 passwd.1.xml.out:157
+msgid "--all"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the "
+#| "<filename>faillog</filename> database."
+msgid ""
+"Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the <_:"
+"filename-1/> database."
+msgstr ""
+"Mostra (o opera su) registrazioni faillog per tutti gli utenti presenti nel "
+"database <filename>faillog</filename>."
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:78
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The range of users can be restricted with the <option>-u</option> option."
+msgid "The range of users can be restricted with the <_:option-1/> option."
+msgstr ""
+"L'intervallo di utenti può essere ristretto con l'opzione <option>-u</"
+"option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:82
+msgid ""
+"In display mode, this is still restricted to existing users but forces the "
+"display of the faillog entries even if they are empty."
+msgstr ""
+"Nella modalità di visualizzazione, questo è già ristretto ai soli utenti "
+"esistenti, ma vengono mostrate anche eventuali registrazioni vuote."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:89 faillog.8.xml.out:169 lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-t"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "With the <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option>, <option>-r</option>, "
+#| "<option>-t</option> options, the users' records are changed, even if the "
+#| "user does not exist on the system. This is useful to reset records of "
+#| "users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of "
+#| "users."
+msgid ""
+"With the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:option-4/> options, "
+"the users' records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the "
+"system. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or "
+"to set a policy in advance for a range of users."
+msgstr ""
+"Con le opzioni <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option>, <option>-r</option> "
+"e <option>-t</option>, le registrazioni degli utenti sono modificate anche "
+"se l'utente non esiste nel sistema. Questo è utile quando si vogliono "
+"azzerare le registrazioni degli utenti cancellati, o per definire in "
+"anticipo delle norme per intervalli di utenti."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105
+msgid "--lock-secs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105 faillog.8.xml.out:109
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "USE_TCB"
+msgid "SEC"
+msgstr "USE_TCB"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:108
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Lock account for <replaceable>SEC</replaceable> seconds after failed "
+#| "login."
+msgid "Lock account for <_:replaceable-1/> seconds after failed login."
+msgstr ""
+"Blocca l'account per <replaceable>SEC</replaceable> secondi dopo un "
+"tentativo di accesso fallito."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:112 faillog.8.xml.out:137 faillog.8.xml.out:149
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Write access to <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> is required for "
+#| "this option."
+msgid "Write access to <_:filename-1/> is required for this option."
+msgstr ""
+"Per questa opzione è necessario l'accesso in scrittura a <filename>/var/log/"
+"faillog</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "--maximum"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120 faillog.8.xml.out:125 faillog.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:123
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Imposta a <replaceable>MAX</replaceable> il massimo numero di accessi "
+"falliti prima che l'account sia disabilitato."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:127
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Selecting a <replaceable>MAX</replaceable> value of 0 has the effect of "
+#| "not placing a limit on the number of failed logins."
+msgid ""
+"Selecting a <_:replaceable-1/> value of 0 has the effect of not placing a "
+"limit on the number of failed logins."
+msgstr ""
+"Impostare <replaceable>MAX</replaceable> al valore 0 ha l'effetto di non "
+"porre nessun limite al numero di accessi falliti."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:160 porttime.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:132
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The maximum failure count should always be 0 for <emphasis>root</"
+#| "emphasis> to prevent a denial of services attack against the system."
+msgid ""
+"The maximum failure count should always be 0 for <_:emphasis-1/> to prevent "
+"a denial of services attack against the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Il numero massimo di fallimenti dovrebbe sempre essere 0 per <emphasis>root</"
+"emphasis> in modo da evitare attacchi al sistema di tipo «denial of service»."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144
+msgid "--reset"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "Reset the counters of login failures."
+msgstr "Azzera i contatori degli accessi falliti."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+msgid "--time"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 faillog.8.xml.out:174 lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:79 lastlog.8.xml.out:128 lastlog.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:172
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Display faillog records more recent than <replaceable>DAYS</replaceable>."
+msgid "Display faillog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Visualizza le registrazioni faillog più recenti di <replaceable>GIORNI</"
+"replaceable> giorni."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180 lastlog.8.xml.out:90 lastlog.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "--user"
+msgstr "utente"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180 faillog.8.xml.out:190 faillog.8.xml.out:191
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 lastlog.8.xml.out:147 lastlog.8.xml.out:148
+msgid "RANGE"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: TP
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:179 lastlog.8.xml.out:138
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#| "replaceable>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>|<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:183
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used "
+#| "with <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option> or <option>-r</option> "
+#| "options) only for the specified user(s)."
+msgid ""
+"Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used "
+"with <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/> options) only for the "
+"specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+"Mostra la registrazione degli accessi falliti o, se sono state usate le "
+"opzioni <option>-r</option>, <option>-m</option> o <option>-l</option>, "
+"imposta contatori e limiti solo gli utenti specificati."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:193 lastlog.8.xml.out:149
+msgid "UID_MIN-UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:194 lastlog.8.xml.out:150
+msgid "-UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:195 lastlog.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "UID_MIN-"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:188 lastlog.8.xml.out:145
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a "
+#| "<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable> of users. This <replaceable>RANGE</"
+#| "replaceable> of users can be specified with a min and max values "
+#| "(<replaceable>UID_MIN-UID_MAX</replaceable>), a max value (<replaceable>-"
+#| "UID_MAX</replaceable>), or a min value (<replaceable>UID_MIN-</"
+#| "replaceable>)."
+msgid ""
+"The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a <_:"
+"replaceable-1/> of users. This <_:replaceable-2/> of users can be specified "
+"with a min and max values (<_:replaceable-3/>), a max value (<_:"
+"replaceable-4/>), or a min value (<_:replaceable-5/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Gli utenti possono essere specificati utilizzando il loro nome oppure l'ID "
+"numerico o tramite un <replaceable>INTERVALLO</replaceable> di utenti. "
+"Questo <replaceable>INTERVALLO</replaceable> di utenti ha tre forme: tra "
+"minimo e massimo (<replaceable>UID_MIN-UID_MAX</replaceable>), fino ad un "
+"valore massimo (<replaceable>-UID_MAX</replaceable>) o da un valore minimo "
+"(<replaceable>UID_MIN-</replaceable>)."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:201
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When none of the <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option>, or <option>-r</"
+#| "option> options are used, <command>faillog</command> displays the faillog "
+#| "record of the specified user(s)."
+msgid ""
+"When none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options are "
+"used, <_:command-4/> displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+"Quando nessuna tra le opzioni <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option> o "
+"<option>-r</option> è utilizzata, <command>faillog</command> mostra le voci "
+"dei fallimenti degli utenti specificati."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:210
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>faillog</command> only prints out users with no successful login "
+#| "since the last failure. To print out a user who has had a successful "
+#| "login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with "
+#| "the <option>-u</option> flag, or print out all users with the <option>-a</"
+#| "option> flag."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> only prints out users with no successful login since the last "
+"failure. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last "
+"failure, you must explicitly request the user with the <_:option-2/> flag, "
+"or print out all users with the <_:option-3/> flag."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>faillog</command> mostra solo gli utenti che non hanno effettuato "
+"nessun accesso corretto dopo l'ultimo tentativo fallito. Un utente che abbia "
+"completato correttamente un accesso dopo l'ultimo tentativo fallito è "
+"mostrato solo se viene richiesto esplicitamente con l'opzione <option>-u</"
+"option> o se viene richiesto di mostrare tutti gli utenti con l'opzione "
+"<option>-a</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:235 limits.5.xml.out:125 limits.5.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:66 login.1.xml.out:73 login.1.xml.out:79 login.1.xml.out:87
+#: login.1.xml.out:94 login.1.xml.out:103 login.1.xml.out:106
+#: login.1.xml.out:108 login.1.xml.out:112 login.1.xml.out:119
+#: login.1.xml.out:171 login.1.xml.out:177 login.1.xml.out:230
+#: login.1.xml.out:238 login.1.xml.out:247 login.1.xml.out:253
+#: login.1.xml.out:259 login.access.5.xml.out:112 login.defs.5.xml.out:343
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:518 login.defs.5.xml.out:530 newgrp.1.xml.out:133
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:60 passwd.5.xml.out:125 passwd.5.xml.out:132
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:179 porttime.5.xml.out:121 shadow.5.xml.out:265
+#: sg.1.xml.out:122 su.1.xml.out:415
+msgid "login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:20
+msgid "Rafal"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:21
+msgid "Maszkowski"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:22 login.access.5.xml.out:18 pwconv.8.xml.out:23
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Creation, 1996"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:47
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administer <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "administer <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr "amministra <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:50
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administer <placeholder-1/> and <placeholder-2/>"
+msgid "administer <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>"
+msgstr "amministra <placeholder-1/> e <placeholder-2/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:64 gpasswd.1.xml.out:89 gpasswd.1.xml.out:129
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:142 gpasswd.1.xml.out:177 gpasswd.1.xml.out:181
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:193 gpasswd.1.xml.out:197 gpasswd.1.xml.out:292
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:49 grpck.8.xml.out:188 grpck.8.xml.out:280
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:156 limits.5.xml.out:138 newgrp.1.xml.out:48
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:145 pwck.8.xml.out:336 pwconv.8.xml.out:114
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:120 sg.1.xml.out:134 vipw.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "group"
+msgstr "gruppo"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:73
+msgid ", and <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:76
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "administrators,"
+msgstr "amministratori"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:71
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to administer <_:filename-2/><_:phrase-3/"
+">. Every group can have <_:phrase-4/> members and a password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:80 gpasswd.1.xml.out:112 gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-A"
+msgstr "-"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:79
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "System administrators can use the <option>-A</option> option to define "
+#| "group administrator(s) and the <option>-M</option> option to define "
+#| "members. They have all rights of group administrators and members."
+msgid ""
+"System administrators can use the <_:option-1/> option to define group "
+"administrator(s) and the <_:option-2/> option to define members. They have "
+"all rights of group administrators and members."
+msgstr ""
+"Gli amministratori di sistema possono usare l'opzione <option>-A</option> "
+"per definire l'amministratore/gli amministratori di gruppo e l'opzione "
+"<option>-M</option> per definire i membri ed hanno tutti i permessi degli "
+"amministratori di gruppo e dei membri."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:86
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "a group administrator"
+msgstr "amministratori"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "a system administrator"
+msgstr "amministratori"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:84
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> called by <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> with a group name only "
+"prompts for the new password of the <_:replaceable-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:93 gpasswd.1.xml.out:180 gpasswd.1.xml.out:196
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:277 groups.1.xml.out:71 groups.1.xml.out:92
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:76 gshadow.5.xml.out:165 newgrp.1.xml.out:34
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:41 newgrp.1.xml.out:47 newgrp.1.xml.out:55
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:63 newgrp.1.xml.out:66 sg.1.xml.out:60 sg.1.xml.out:64
+#: sg.1.xml.out:65 sg.1.xml.out:66 sg.1.xml.out:125
+msgid "newgrp"
+msgstr "newgrp"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:91
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If a password is set the members can still use "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> without a password, and non-members must supply "
+#| "the password."
+msgid ""
+"If a password is set the members can still use <_:citerefentry-1/> without a "
+"password, and non-members must supply the password."
+msgstr ""
+"Se la password è impostata i membri possono ancora usare "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry> senza la password, i non-membri devono fornire la password."
+
+# type: SS
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:99
+msgid "Notes about group passwords"
+msgstr "Note sulle password di gruppo"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"Group passwords are an inherent security problem since more than one person "
+"is permitted to know the password. However, groups are a useful tool for "
+"permitting co-operation between different users."
+msgstr ""
+"Le password di gruppo rappresentano un intrinseco problema di sicurezza "
+"perché più di una persona deve conoscerle. Ciononostante i gruppi sono uno "
+"strumento molto utile per la cooperazione tra vari utenti."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:111
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Except for the <option>-A</option> and <option>-M</option> options, the "
+#| "options cannot be combined."
+msgid ""
+"Except for the <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options, the options cannot "
+"be combined."
+msgstr ""
+"Ad eccezione di <option>-A</option> e <option>-M</option>, le altre opzioni "
+"non possono essere combinate."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:115
+msgid "The options cannot be combined."
+msgstr "Le opzioni non possono essere combinate."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124 groupmems.8.xml.out:83
+msgid "--add"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124 gpasswd.1.xml.out:128 gpasswd.1.xml.out:137
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:141 gpasswd.1.xml.out:205 gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+#: groups.1.xml.out:48 groups.1.xml.out:59
+msgid "user"
+msgstr "utente"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:127
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the <replaceable>user</replaceable> to the named <replaceable>group</"
+#| "replaceable>."
+msgid "Add the <_:replaceable-1/> to the named <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Aggiunge <replaceable>utente</replaceable> al <replaceable>gruppo</"
+"replaceable> indicato."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:137 groupmems.8.xml.out:94 passwd.1.xml.out:168
+msgid "--delete"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:140
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Remove the <replaceable>user</replaceable> from the named "
+#| "<replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+msgid "Remove the <_:replaceable-1/> from the named <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Rimuove <replaceable>utente</replaceable> dal <replaceable>gruppo</"
+"replaceable> indicato."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-Q"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:173
+msgid "--remove-password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:176
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Remove the password from the named <replaceable>group</replaceable>. The "
+#| "group password will be empty. Only group members will be allowed to use "
+#| "<command>newgrp</command> to join the named <replaceable>group</"
+#| "replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Remove the password from the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password "
+"will be empty. Only group members will be allowed to use <_:command-2/> to "
+"join the named <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Rimuove la password dal <replaceable>gruppo</replaceable> indicato. La "
+"password del gruppo sarà vuota. Solo ai membri del gruppo sarà ammesso "
+"l'accesso tramite <command>newgrp</command> al <replaceable>gruppo</"
+"replaceable> indicato."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:189
+msgid "--restrict"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:192
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Restrict the access to the named <replaceable>group</replaceable>. The "
+#| "group password is set to \"!\". Only group members with a password will "
+#| "be allowed to use <command>newgrp</command> to join the named "
+#| "<replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Restrict the access to the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password is "
+"set to \"!\". Only group members with a password will be allowed to use <_:"
+"command-2/> to join the named <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Limita l'accesso al <replaceable>gruppo</replaceable> indicato. La password "
+"del gruppo è cambiata in «!». Solo ai membri del gruppo con una password "
+"verrà permesso di usare <command>newgrp</command> per accedere al "
+"<replaceable>gruppo</replaceable> indicato."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "--administrators"
+msgstr "amministratori"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:204 gpasswd.1.xml.out:216
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>,..."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:208
+msgid "Set the list of administrative users."
+msgstr "Imposta l'elenco degli utenti amministratori."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "members"
+msgid "--members"
+msgstr "membri"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:220
+msgid "Set the list of group members."
+msgstr "Definisce l'elenco dei membri del gruppo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:232
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:234
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "file"
+msgid "file."
+msgstr "file"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:230
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This tool only operates on the <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase "
+#| "condition=\"gshadow\"> and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files.</"
+#| "phrase><phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">file.</phrase> Thus you cannot "
+#| "change any NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the corresponding "
+#| "server."
+msgid ""
+"This tool only operates on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> "
+"Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+"Questo strumento opera solo sul file <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase "
+"condition=\"gshadow\"> e sul file <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></"
+"phrase>. Quindi non si possono modificare gruppi NIS o LDAP. Questo dovrebbe "
+"essere fatto sul corrispondente server."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:283 groupadd.8.xml.out:357 groupdel.8.xml.out:34
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:41 groupdel.8.xml.out:47 groupdel.8.xml.out:57
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:66 groupdel.8.xml.out:165 groupmems.8.xml.out:221
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:341 login.defs.5.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:893
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:328 usermod.8.xml.out:623
+msgid "groupdel"
+msgstr "groupdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:286 groupadd.8.xml.out:360 groupdel.8.xml.out:220
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:34 groupmod.8.xml.out:41 groupmod.8.xml.out:47
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:58 groupmod.8.xml.out:67 groupmod.8.xml.out:256
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:107 grpck.8.xml.out:283 login.defs.5.xml.out:311
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:896 userdel.8.xml.out:331 usermod.8.xml.out:626
+msgid "groupmod"
+msgstr "groupmod"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:289 grpck.8.xml.out:33 grpck.8.xml.out:40
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:46 grpck.8.xml.out:60 grpck.8.xml.out:116
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:128 grpck.8.xml.out:141 grpck.8.xml.out:184
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:234 gshadow.5.xml.out:159 login.defs.5.xml.out:318
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:339 pwconv.8.xml.out:198 pwconv.8.xml.out:242
+msgid "grpck"
+msgstr "grpck"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:295 grpck.8.xml.out:95 grpck.8.xml.out:287
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:22 gshadow.5.xml.out:29 newgrp.1.xml.out:148
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:114 pwconv.8.xml.out:115 pwconv.8.xml.out:121
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:122 sg.1.xml.out:137 vipw.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "gshadow"
+msgstr "gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:293 newgrp.1.xml.out:146 sg.1.xml.out:135
+msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:275 newgrp.1.xml.out:128 sg.1.xml.out:117
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/><_:phrase-7/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:44
+msgid "create a new group"
+msgstr "crea un nuovo gruppo"
+
+# type: TH
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:54 groupadd.8.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "NEWGROUP"
+msgstr "GRUPPO"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupadd</command> command creates a new group account using "
+#| "the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the "
+#| "system. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates a new group account using the values "
+"specified on the command line plus the default values from the system. The "
+"new group will be entered into the system files as needed."
+msgstr ""
+"Il comando <command>groupadd</command> crea un nuovo account di gruppo "
+"usando i valori specificati sulla riga di comando ed i valori predefiniti "
+"dal sistema. Il nuovo gruppo verrà aggiunto ai file di sistema secondo "
+"necessità."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:66
+msgid ""
+"Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, "
+"underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not "
+"allowed at the beginning of the groupname. Fully numeric groupnames and "
+"groupnames . or .. are also disallowed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgid "Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgstr "I nomi utente non possono eccedere i 32 caratteri di lunghezza."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:94 groupadd.8.xml.out:95 groupadd.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:236 groupmems.8.xml.out:110 groupmod.8.xml.out:82
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:136 groupmod.8.xml.out:201 useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230 useradd.8.xml.out:264 useradd.8.xml.out:391
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:396 useradd.8.xml.out:557 useradd.8.xml.out:639
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:174 vipw.8.xml.out:90
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-g"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:91
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the "
+#| "specified group already exists. When used with <option>-g</option>, and "
+#| "the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. "
+#| "<option>-g</option> is turned off)."
+msgid ""
+"This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the "
+"specified group already exists. When used with <_:option-1/>, and the "
+"specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. <_:"
+"option-2/> is turned off)."
+msgstr ""
+"Questa opzione fa sì che il comando esca con esito positivo nel caso che il "
+"gruppo esista già. Quando utilizzato con l'opzione <option>-g</option>, e il "
+"GID specificato esiste, un altro GID (univoco) viene scelto (cioè <option>-"
+"g</option> viene ignorato)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:82 useradd.8.xml.out:230
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639 usermod.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "--gid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102 groupadd.8.xml.out:105 groupadd.8.xml.out:151
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73 groupmod.8.xml.out:82 groupmod.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:91 groupmod.8.xml.out:137 newusers.8.xml.out:300
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:469
+msgid "GID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:108 groupadd.8.xml.out:134 groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:195 groupmod.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:105
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The numerical value of the group's ID. This value must be unique, unless "
+#| "the <option>-o</option> option is used. The value must be non-negative. "
+#| "The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to "
+#| "<option>GID_MIN</option> and greater than every other group."
+msgid ""
+"The numerical value of the group's ID. <_:replaceable-1/> must be unique, "
+"unless the <_:option-2/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The "
+"default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-3/"
+"> and greater than every other group."
+msgstr ""
+"Il valore numerico dell'identificatore (ID) del gruppo. Questo valore deve "
+"essere univoco, a meno che non venga usata l'opzione <option>-o</option>. Il "
+"valore deve essere non-negativo. La scelta predefinita è quella di usare il "
+"minimo valore di ID maggiore o eguale a <option>GID_MIN</option> e superiore "
+"a qualunque altro gruppo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:113 groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:195 groupmod.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:111 useradd.8.xml.out:541
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "See also the <option>-r</option> option and the <option>UID_MAX</option> "
+#| "description."
+msgid "See also the <_:option-1/> option and the <_:option-2/> description."
+msgstr ""
+"Vedere anche la descrizione dell'opzione <option>-r</option> e "
+"<option>UID_MAX</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 groupadd.8.xml.out:131 groupadd.8.xml.out:134
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:314 useradd.8.xml.out:317 useradd.8.xml.out:319
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-K"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "--key"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "KEY"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: SH
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "EXIT VALUES"
+msgid "VALUE"
+msgstr "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+
+# type: TP
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:124 useradd.8.xml.out:302
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#| "replaceable>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>=<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX "
+#| "and others). Multiple <option>-K</option> options can be specified."
+msgid ""
+"Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others). Multiple "
+"<_:option-2/> options can be specified."
+msgstr ""
+"Ha la precedenza sui valori predefiniti (GID_MIN, GID_MAX e altri) definiti "
+"in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>. Più opzioni <option>-K</option> "
+"possono essere specificate."
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:134 useradd.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "10"
+msgid "100"
+msgstr "10"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:321
+msgid "499"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Remove the <replaceable>user</replaceable> from the named "
+#| "<replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> <_:option-4/> "
+"<_:replaceable-5/>=<_:replaceable-6/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Rimuove <replaceable>utente</replaceable> dal <replaceable>gruppo</"
+"replaceable> indicato."
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:138 groupadd.8.xml.out:333 groupdel.8.xml.out:192
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:295 useradd.8.xml.out:853 userdel.8.xml.out:265
+msgid "10"
+msgstr "10"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:137
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#| "replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>GID_MAX</"
+#| "replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable> doesn't work yet."
+msgid ""
+"Note: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/>,<_:replaceable-4/"
+">=<_:replaceable-5/> doesn't work yet."
+msgstr ""
+"Nota: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+"replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>GID_MAX</"
+"replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable> non funziona ancora."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:145 groupmod.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:405
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "--non-unique"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:148
+msgid ""
+"permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID. As a "
+"result, for this <_:replaceable-1/>, the mapping towards group <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> may not be unique."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmems.8.xml.out:55 groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:143 login.1.xml.out:80 login.1.xml.out:88
+#: login.1.xml.out:95 login.1.xml.out:212 su.1.xml.out:207
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:237 usermod.8.xml.out:290
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:411 vipw.8.xml.out:102
+msgid "-p"
+msgstr "-p"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmod.8.xml.out:143 useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "--password"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmod.8.xml.out:143 useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+msgid "PASSWORD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:163 groupmod.8.xml.out:148 gshadow.5.xml.out:62
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:68 passwd.5.xml.out:103 passwd.5.xml.out:109
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:170 shadow.5.xml.out:88 shadow.5.xml.out:94
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:430 useradd.8.xml.out:887 usermod.8.xml.out:295
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:614
+msgid "crypt"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:164 groupadd.8.xml.out:315 groupmod.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:271 groups.1.xml.out:68 groups.1.xml.out:104
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:255 gshadow.5.xml.out:63 gshadow.5.xml.out:69
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:443 passwd.5.xml.out:104 passwd.5.xml.out:110
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:170 passwd.5.xml.out:176 pwck.8.xml.out:305
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:34 shadow.3.xml.out:217 shadow.5.xml.out:89
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:95 useradd.8.xml.out:431 useradd.8.xml.out:829
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:887 usermod.8.xml.out:296 usermod.8.xml.out:614
+msgid "3"
+msgstr "3"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:161
+msgid ""
+"defines an initial password for the group account. PASSWORD is expected to "
+"be encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:166
+msgid ""
+"Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password "
+"defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths "
+"system account file <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:173 groupmod.8.xml.out:152 useradd.8.xml.out:444
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:93 usermod.8.xml.out:299
+msgid "Note:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:172 groupmod.8.xml.out:151
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis role=\"bold\">Note:</emphasis> This option is not recommended "
+#| "because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users "
+#| "listing the processes."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> This option is not recommended because the password (or "
+"encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">Nota:</emphasis> questa opzione non è consigliata "
+"perché la password (o password cifrata) sarà visibile agli utenti che "
+"elencano i processi."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:177 groupmod.8.xml.out:156 useradd.8.xml.out:448
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:309
+msgid ""
+"You should make sure the password respects the system's password policy."
+msgstr ""
+"Ci si deve accertare che la password rispetti le norme delle password del "
+"sistema."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:185 newusers.8.xml.out:287 useradd.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "--system"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "Create a system group."
+msgstr "Crea un gruppo di sistema."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "SYS_GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "SYS_GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:191
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the "
+#| "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> range, defined "
+#| "in <filename>login.defs</filename>, instead of <option>GID_MIN</option>-"
+#| "<option>GID_MAX</option>."
+msgid ""
+"The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the <_:option-1/>-"
+"<_:option-2/> range, defined in <_:filename-3/>, instead of <_:option-4/>-<_:"
+"option-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+"L'identificativo numerico del nuovo gruppo di sistema è scelto "
+"nell'intervallo <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> "
+"definito in <filename>login.defs</filename>, al posto di <option>GID_MIN</"
+"option>-<option>GID_MAX</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupdel.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502 userdel.8.xml.out:136 usermod.8.xml.out:341
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-P"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupdel.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502 userdel.8.xml.out:136 usermod.8.xml.out:341
+msgid "--prefix"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupadd.8.xml.out:219 groupdel.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:106 groupdel.8.xml.out:108 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:181 groupmod.8.xml.out:183 useradd.8.xml.out:502
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:507 userdel.8.xml.out:136 userdel.8.xml.out:140
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:142 usermod.8.xml.out:341 usermod.8.xml.out:346
+msgid "PREFIX_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:505
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under "
+"the directory <_:replaceable-1/>. This option does not chroot and is "
+"intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and "
+"LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host "
+"files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:229 groupadd.8.xml.out:237 groupmod.8.xml.out:194
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:202 useradd.8.xml.out:96 useradd.8.xml.out:397
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:549 useradd.8.xml.out:558 usermod.8.xml.out:238
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:405
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-U"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:229 groupmod.8.xml.out:194
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "--users"
+msgstr "utente"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:232 groupmod.8.xml.out:197
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Administrators can change the password or the members of the group."
+msgid "A list of usernames to add as members of the group."
+msgstr "Gli amministratori possono cambiare la password o i membri del gruppo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:237 groupmod.8.xml.out:202 useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:386 useradd.8.xml.out:397 useradd.8.xml.out:558
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-N"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:238 groupmod.8.xml.out:203 login.defs.5.xml.out:448
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:97 useradd.8.xml.out:240 useradd.8.xml.out:398
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:559 userdel.8.xml.out:86 userdel.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:235 groupmod.8.xml.out:200 useradd.8.xml.out:395
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:556
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default behavior (if the <option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option>, "
+#| "and <option>-U</option> options are not specified) is defined by the "
+#| "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"The default behavior (if the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, and <_:option-3/> "
+"options are not specified) is defined by the <_:option-4/> variable in <_:"
+"filename-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Il comportamento predefinito (se le opzioni <option>-g</option>, <option>-N</"
+"option> e <option>-U</option> non sono specificate) è definito dalla "
+"variabile <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> nel file <filename>/etc/login."
+"defs</filename>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:286
+msgid ""
+"You may not add a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+"Non è possibile aggiungere un gruppo NIS o LDAP. Questo deve essere fatto "
+"sul server corrispondente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:290
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS "
+#| "or LDAP, <command>groupadd</command> will deny the group creation request."
+msgid ""
+"If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or "
+"LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the group creation request."
+msgstr ""
+"Se il nome di gruppo esiste già in un database esterno come quello NIS o "
+"LDAP, <command>groupadd</command> negherà la richiesta di creazione del "
+"gruppo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:317 passwd.1.xml.out:463 useradd.8.xml.out:831
+msgid "invalid argument to option"
+msgstr "argomento non valido per l'opzione"
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:321 groupmod.8.xml.out:277 grpck.8.xml.out:261
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:449 pwck.8.xml.out:311 useradd.8.xml.out:835
+msgid "4"
+msgstr "4"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:323
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "UID already in use (and no <option>-o</option>)"
+msgid "GID is already used (when called without <_:option-1/>)"
+msgstr "UID già in uso (e <option>-o</option> assente)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:327 groupmod.8.xml.out:289 useradd.8.xml.out:847
+msgid "9"
+msgstr "9"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:329
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "group name is already used"
+msgstr "nome di gruppo già in uso"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:335 groupdel.8.xml.out:194 useradd.8.xml.out:855
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:267
+msgid "can't update group file"
+msgstr "non è possibile aggiornare il file group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:369 groupdel.8.xml.out:226 groupmems.8.xml.out:227
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:350 login.defs.5.xml.out:480 useradd.8.xml.out:913
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:39 userdel.8.xml.out:46 userdel.8.xml.out:51
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:62 userdel.8.xml.out:71 userdel.8.xml.out:82
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211 userdel.8.xml.out:232 userdel.8.xml.out:283
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:298 userdel.8.xml.out:300 usermod.8.xml.out:643
+msgid "userdel"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:372 groupdel.8.xml.out:229 groupmems.8.xml.out:230
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:353 login.defs.5.xml.out:490 passwd.1.xml.out:488
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:140 pwck.8.xml.out:348 useradd.8.xml.out:916
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:345 usermod.8.xml.out:40 usermod.8.xml.out:47
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:53 usermod.8.xml.out:64 usermod.8.xml.out:72
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:263 usermod.8.xml.out:522
+msgid "usermod"
+msgstr "usermod"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:344 groupmod.8.xml.out:324
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-10/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:42
+msgid "delete a group"
+msgstr "rimuove un gruppo"
+
+# type: TH
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:51 groupdel.8.xml.out:59 groupmod.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:59 groupmod.8.xml.out:86 groupmod.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:125 suauth.5.xml.out:85 suauth.5.xml.out:87
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230 useradd.8.xml.out:249 useradd.8.xml.out:392
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639 useradd.8.xml.out:648 usermod.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "GROUP"
+msgstr "GRUPPO"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupdel</command> command modifies the system account "
+#| "files, deleting all entries that refer to <replaceable>GROUP</"
+#| "replaceable>. The named group must exist."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all "
+"entries that refer to <_:replaceable-2/>. The named group must exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Il comando <command>groupdel</command> modifica i file di account di sistema "
+"rimuovendo tutte le voci che si riferiscono a <replaceable>GRUPPO</"
+"replaceable>. Il gruppo indicato deve esistere."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"This option forces the removal of the group, even if there's some user "
+"having the group as the primary one."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:105 groupmod.8.xml.out:180 userdel.8.xml.out:139
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration "
+"files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. This option does not chroot and "
+"is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS "
+"and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host "
+"files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:122
+msgid ""
+"You may not remove the primary group of any existing user. You must remove "
+"the user before you remove the group."
+msgstr ""
+"Non si può rimuovere un gruppo che sia gruppo primario di un utente. Occorre "
+"rimuovere l'utente prima di rimuovere il gruppo."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:126
+msgid ""
+"You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain "
+"owned by this group."
+msgstr ""
+"Occorre controllare manualmente tutti i file system per assicurarsi che non "
+"rimanga alcun file avente questo ID di gruppo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:180 groupmod.8.xml.out:283 passwd.1.xml.out:461
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:323 useradd.8.xml.out:841 userdel.8.xml.out:253
+msgid "6"
+msgstr "6"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:182 useradd.8.xml.out:843
+msgid "specified group doesn't exist"
+msgstr "il gruppo specificato non esiste"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "can't remove user's primary group"
+msgstr "operazione impossibile perché il gruppo è primario per un utente"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:203 login.1.xml.out:375 shadow.5.xml.out:260
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:18
+msgid "George"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:19
+msgid "Kraft"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/lineage
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:20
+msgid "IV"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:21
+msgid "Creation, 2000"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:37 groupmems.8.xml.out:44 groupmems.8.xml.out:50
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:63 groupmems.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:71
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:78 groupmems.8.xml.out:159 groupmems.8.xml.out:163
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:305
+msgid "groupmems"
+msgstr "groupmems"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:45
+msgid "administer members of a user's primary group"
+msgstr "membri amministratori del gruppo primario dell'utente"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:52
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-a <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:53
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-d <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-d <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-d <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:54
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-g <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-g <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-g <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:62
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupmems</command> command allows a user to administer "
+#| "their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser "
+#| "privileges. The <command>groupmems</command> utility is for systems that "
+#| "configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i.e., "
+#| "guest / guest)."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command allows a user to administer their own group "
+"membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges. The <_:"
+"command-2/> utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their "
+"own name sake primary group (i.e., guest / guest)."
+msgstr ""
+"Il comando <command>groupmems</command> permette a utenti di amministrare la "
+"lista di membri del proprio gruppo senza richiedere i privilegi di "
+"amministratore. Il comando <command>groupmems</command> è per sistemi che "
+"configurano gli utenti perché siano in un gruppo primario con lo stesso nome "
+"dell'utente (esempio: guest/guest)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Only the superuser, as administrator, can use <command>groupmems</"
+#| "command> to alter the memberships of other groups."
+msgid ""
+"Only the superuser, as administrator, can use <_:command-1/> to alter the "
+"memberships of other groups."
+msgstr ""
+"Solo il super utente, come amministratore, può utilizzare "
+"<command>groupmems</command> per modificare l'elenco di membri di altri "
+"gruppi."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Add an user to the group membership list."
+msgid "Add a user to the group membership list."
+msgstr "Aggiunge un utente all'elenco di membri del gruppo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:86 groupmems.8.xml.out:102 groupmems.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file exist, and the group has no "
+#| "entry in the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file, a new entry will be "
+#| "created."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:filename-1/> file exist, and the group has no entry in the <_:"
+"filename-2/> file, a new entry will be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Se esiste il file <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> e il gruppo non vi è "
+"presente, viene aggiunto."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "Delete a user from the group membership list."
+msgstr "Cancella un utente dall'elenco degli utenti del gruppo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:97
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file exist, the user will be "
+#| "removed from the list of members and administrators of the group."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:filename-1/> file exist, the user will be removed from the list of "
+"members and administrators of the group."
+msgstr ""
+"Se esiste il file <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, l'utente verrà rimosso "
+"dalle liste di utenti e amministratori del gruppo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110 vipw.8.xml.out:90
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group"
+msgid "--group"
+msgstr "gruppo"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:112
+msgid "The superuser can specify which group membership list to modify."
+msgstr ""
+"Il super utente può specificare quale elenco di membri del gruppo modificare."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "List the group membership list."
+msgstr "Elenca tutti i membri del gruppo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+msgid "--purge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:132
+msgid "Purge all users from the group membership list."
+msgstr "Elimina tutti gli utenti dalla lista dei membri del gruppo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:157
+msgid "SETUP"
+msgstr "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/literal
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:160
+msgid "2710"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:161 groupmems.8.xml.out:162 groups.1.xml.out:33
+#: groups.1.xml.out:40 groups.1.xml.out:46 groups.1.xml.out:56
+msgid "groups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupmems</command> executable should be in mode "
+#| "<literal>2710</literal> as user <emphasis>root</emphasis> and in group "
+#| "<emphasis>groups</emphasis>. The system administrator can add users to "
+#| "group <emphasis>groups</emphasis> to allow or disallow them using the "
+#| "<command>groupmems</command> utility to manage their own group membership "
+#| "list."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> executable should be in mode <_:literal-2/> as user <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> and in group <_:emphasis-4/>. The system administrator can add "
+"users to group <_:emphasis-5/> to allow or disallow them using the <_:"
+"command-6/> utility to manage their own group membership list."
+msgstr ""
+"L'eseguibile <command>groupmems</command> dovrebbe avere i permessi "
+"<literal>2710</literal> ed essere di proprietà di <emphasis>root</emphasis> "
+"e del gruppo <emphasis>groups</emphasis>. L'amministratore di sistema può "
+"aggiungere utenti al gruppo <emphasis>groups</emphasis> per permettere loro "
+"di poter gestire l'elenco di membri del proprio gruppo tramite il comando "
+"<command>groupmems</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:167
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "\t$ groupadd -r groups\n"
+#| "\t$ chmod 2710 groupmems\n"
+#| "\t$ chown root.groups groupmems\n"
+#| "\t$ groupmems -g groups -a gk4\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid ""
+"$ groupadd -r groups $ chmod 2710 groupmems $ chown root.groups groupmems $ "
+"groupmems -g groups -a gk4"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"        $ groupadd -r groups\n"
+"        $ chmod 2710 groupmems\n"
+"        $ chown root.groups groupmems\n"
+"        $ groupmems -g groups -a gk4\n"
+"    "
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "secure group account information"
+msgstr "informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:42
+msgid "modify a group definition on the system"
+msgstr "modifica la definizione di un gruppo del sistema"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupmod</command> command modifies the definition of the "
+#| "specified <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable> by modifying the appropriate "
+#| "entry in the group database."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the definition of the specified <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database."
+msgstr ""
+"Il comando <command>groupmod</command> cambia la definizione del "
+"<replaceable>GRUPPO</replaceable> modificando appropriatamente il database "
+"dei gruppi."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73 usermod.8.xml.out:78
+msgid "--append"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If group members are specified with -U, append them to the existing member "
+"list, rather than replacing it."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The group ID of the given <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable> will be "
+#| "changed to <replaceable>GID</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"The group ID of the given <_:replaceable-1/> will be changed to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Verrà modificato l'ID del <replaceable>GRUPPO</replaceable> in "
+"<replaceable>GID</replaceable>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The value of <replaceable>GID</replaceable> must be a non-negative "
+#| "decimal integer. This value must be unique, unless the <option>-o</"
+#| "option> option is used."
+msgid ""
+"The value of <_:replaceable-1/> must be a non-negative decimal integer. This "
+"value must be unique, unless the <_:option-2/> option is used."
+msgstr ""
+"Il valore <replaceable>GID</replaceable> deve essere un numero intero "
+"decimale non negativo. Deve essere univoco, a meno che non venga usata "
+"l'opzione <option>-o</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:95
+msgid ""
+"Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to keep the group "
+"as their primary group."
+msgstr ""
+"Gli utenti che hanno il gruppo come gruppo primario verranno aggiornati per "
+"mantenere tale gruppo come loro gruppo primario."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:99
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to "
+#| "<replaceable>GROUP</replaceable>, must have their group ID changed "
+#| "manually."
+msgid ""
+"Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>, must have their group ID changed manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Tutti i file che hanno il vecchio ID di gruppo e devono continuare ad "
+"appartenere a <replaceable>GRUPPO</replaceable>, devono essere aggiornati "
+"manualmente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:395
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "No checks will be performed with regard to the <option>UID_MIN</option>, "
+#| "<option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>, or "
+#| "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"No checks will be performed with regard to the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, "
+"<_:option-3/>, or <_:option-4/> from <_:filename-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Non vengono fatti controlli riguardo <option>UID_MIN</option>, "
+"<option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> o "
+"<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> dal file <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-n"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "--new-name"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: TH
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121 groupmod.8.xml.out:126
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "NEW_GROUP"
+msgstr "GRUPPO"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:124
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The name of the group will be changed from <replaceable>GROUP</"
+#| "replaceable> to <replaceable>NEW_GROUP</replaceable> name."
+msgid ""
+"The name of the group will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> name."
+msgstr ""
+"Il nome del gruppo verrà modificato da <replaceable>GRUPPO</replaceable> a "
+"<replaceable>NUOVO_GRUPPO</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:135
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When used with the <option>-g</option> option, allow to change the group "
+#| "<replaceable>GID</replaceable> to a non-unique value."
+msgid ""
+"When used with the <_:option-1/> option, allow to change the group <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> to a non-unique value."
+msgstr ""
+"Quando è usato con l'opzione <option>-g</option>, permette di cambiare il "
+"<replaceable>GID</replaceable> in un valore non univoco."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "The encrypted password, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:261
+msgid "E_SUCCESS: success"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:267
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "invalid command syntax"
+msgid "E_USAGE: invalid command syntax"
+msgstr "sintassi del comando errata"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:273
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "invalid argument to option"
+msgid "E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option"
+msgstr "argomento non valido per l'opzione"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:279
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use"
+msgstr "nome di gruppo già in uso"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:285
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "specified group doesn't exist"
+msgid "E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn't exist"
+msgstr "il gruppo specificato non esiste"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:291
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use"
+msgstr "nome di gruppo già in uso"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:297
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "can't update group file"
+msgid "E_GRP_UPDATE: can't update group file"
+msgstr "non è possibile aggiornare il file group"
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:301
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "1"
+msgid "11"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can't setup cleanup service"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:307 useradd.8.xml.out:859 userdel.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "12"
+msgstr "12"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "E_PAM_USERNAME: can't determine your username for use with pam"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:313
+msgid "13"
+msgstr "13"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:315
+msgid ""
+"E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the "
+"PAM error message"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groups.1.xml.out:41
+msgid "display current group names"
+msgstr "mostra i nomi dei gruppi correnti"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:55
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groups</command> command displays the current group names or "
+#| "ID values. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in <filename>/"
+#| "etc/group</filename>, the value will be displayed as the numerical group "
+#| "value. The optional <emphasis remap=\"I\">user</emphasis> parameter will "
+#| "display the groups for the named <emphasis remap=\"I\">user</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command displays the current group names or ID values. If "
+"the value does not have a corresponding entry in <_:filename-2/>, the value "
+"will be displayed as the numerical group value. The optional <_:"
+"replaceable-3/> parameter will display the groups for the named user."
+msgstr ""
+"Per ciascuno dei gruppi correnti, il comando <command>groups</command> "
+"mostra i nomi o i valori ID. Se un valore non ha nessuna voce corrispondente "
+"in <filename>/etc/group</filename>, esso viene mostrato in forma numerica. "
+"Se viene specificato un <emphasis remap=\"I\">utente</emphasis>, vengono "
+"mostrati i gruppi a cui appartiene quel determinato <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">utente</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:68 groups.1.xml.out:104
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "initgroups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: groups.1.xml.out:71 newgrp.1.xml.out:139 sg.1.xml.out:34 sg.1.xml.out:41
+#: sg.1.xml.out:47 sg.1.xml.out:59 sg.1.xml.out:62 sg.1.xml.out:64
+#: sg.1.xml.out:67 sg.1.xml.out:68 su.1.xml.out:421
+msgid "sg"
+msgstr "sg"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:66
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Systems which do not support concurrent group sets will have the "
+#| "information from <filename>/etc/group</filename> reported. The user must "
+#| "use <command>newgrp</command> or <command>sg</command> to change his "
+#| "current real and effective group ID."
+msgid ""
+"Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see <_:citerefentry-1/>) "
+"will have the information from <_:filename-2/> reported. The user must use "
+"<_:command-3/> or <_:command-4/> to change his current real and effective "
+"group ID."
+msgstr ""
+"Sui sistemi che non supportano l'appartenenza contemporanea a più gruppi, "
+"vengono riportate le informazioni da <filename>/etc/group</filename>. "
+"L'utente deve usare <command>newgrp</command> o <command>sg</command> per "
+"cambiare gli ID reale ed effettivo del gruppo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:95
+msgid "getgid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:98
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "getgroups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:101
+msgid "getuid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:90 gshadow.5.xml.out:151 pwck.8.xml.out:334
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:17 lastlog.8.xml.out:19 pwck.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "Creation, 1992"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "verify integrity of group files"
+msgstr "verifica l'integrità dei file dei gruppi"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:62 grpck.8.xml.out:165 grpck.8.xml.out:185
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>grpck</command> command verifies the integrity of the groups "
+#| "information. It checks that all entries in <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#| "filename></phrase> have the proper format and contain valid data. The "
+#| "user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which "
+#| "have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the groups information. "
+"It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/> have the proper "
+"format and contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that "
+"are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgstr ""
+"Il comando <command>grpck</command> verifica l'integrità delle informazioni "
+"sui gruppi. Ogni voce in <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase "
+"condition=\"gshadow\"> e in <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase> viene "
+"controllata per verificare che abbia il formato corretto e dati validi. "
+"Viene richiesto all'utente di rimuovere le voci che non hanno un formato "
+"appropriato o che presentano altri errori impossibili da correggere."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:69 pwck.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "Checks are made to verify that each entry has:"
+msgstr "Vengono fatti controlli per verificare che ogni voce abbia:"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:73 pwck.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "the correct number of fields"
+msgstr "il corretto numero di campi"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "a unique and valid group name"
+msgstr "un nome univoco e valido di gruppo"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:81
+msgid "(<_:filename-1/> only)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:79
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "a valid user and group identifier"
+msgid "a valid group identifier <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr "identificatori validi dell'utente e del gruppo"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:88
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "and administrators"
+msgstr "amministratori"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:86
+msgid "a valid list of members <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "a corresponding entry in the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file "
+#| "(respectively <filename>/etc/group</filename> for the <filename>gshadow</"
+#| "filename> checks)"
+msgid ""
+"a corresponding entry in the <_:filename-1/> file (respectively <_:"
+"filename-2/> for the <_:filename-3/> checks)"
+msgstr ""
+"una voce corrispondente nel file <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> "
+"(rispettivamente <filename>/etc/group</filename> per i controlli in "
+"<filename>gshadow</filename>)"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:100
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal. "
+#| "If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to "
+#| "delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all "
+#| "further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated group name is "
+#| "prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All "
+#| "other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the "
+#| "<command>groupmod</command> command to correct the error."
+msgid ""
+"The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal. If "
+"an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete "
+"the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further "
+"checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for "
+"deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All other errors are "
+"warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/> command to "
+"correct the error."
+msgstr ""
+"Gli errori nelle verifiche sul corretto numero di campi e sull'univocità del "
+"nome del gruppo sono irrimediabili. Se una voce ha un numero errato di "
+"campi, all'utente viene chiesto di cancellare l'intera riga; se l'utente non "
+"risponde affermativamente, vengono omessi tutti gli ulteriori controlli. "
+"Viene richiesta la cancellazione anche per le voci aventi il nome del gruppo "
+"duplicato, ma i rimanenti controlli vengono ugualmente effettuati. Tutti gli "
+"altri errori non sono gravi e l'utente è invitato a eseguire il comando "
+"<command>groupmod</command> per correggerli."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:113 newusers.8.xml.out:67 newusers.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "file"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:111
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The commands which operate on the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file "
+#| "are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <command>pwck</"
+#| "command> should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending "
+#| "entry."
+msgid ""
+"The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/><_:phrase-3/> "
+"are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-4/> should "
+"be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries."
+msgstr ""
+"I comandi che operano sul file <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> non sono in "
+"grado di modificare voci corrotte o duplicate; in tali circostanze va usato "
+"<command>pwck</command> per rimuovere la voce scorretta."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:123 pwck.8.xml.out:154
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <option>-r</option> and <option>-s</option> options cannot be "
+#| "combined."
+msgid "The <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options cannot be combined."
+msgstr ""
+"Le opzioni <option>-r</option> e <option>-s</option> non possono essere "
+"combinate."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 pwck.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "--read-only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:143 login.defs.5.xml.out:134 login.defs.5.xml.out:136
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:246
+msgid "no"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:140
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Execute the <command>grpck</command> command in read-only mode. This "
+#| "causes all questions regarding changes to be answered <emphasis>no</"
+#| "emphasis> without user intervention."
+msgid ""
+"Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode. This causes all "
+"questions regarding changes to be answered <_:emphasis-2/> without user "
+"intervention."
+msgstr ""
+"Esegue il comando <command>grpck</command> in sola lettura. Questo implica "
+"che sia risposto <emphasis>no</emphasis> automaticamente a tutte le domande "
+"relative alle modifiche."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:161 pwck.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "--sort"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:163
+msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> by GID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172 lastlog.8.xml.out:117 passwd.1.xml.out:161
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:291
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-S"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "--silence-warnings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:178
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/gshadow"
+msgid "/etc/ghadow"
+msgstr "/etc/gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:174
+msgid ""
+"Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about "
+"inconsistency between group members listed in <_:filename-1/> and <_:"
+"filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "parameter."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:190
+msgid "and <_:emphasis-1/> parameters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"By default, <_:command-1/> operates on <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/>. The "
+"user may select alternate files with the <_:emphasis-4/> <_:phrase-5/> <_:"
+"phrase-6/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:251
+msgid "one or more bad group entries"
+msgstr "una o più voci di gruppo contengono errori"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:257
+msgid "can't open group files"
+msgstr "impossibile aprire i file dei gruppi"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:263
+msgid "can't lock group files"
+msgstr "impossibile fare il lock dei file dei gruppi"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:269
+msgid "can't update group files"
+msgstr "impossibile aggiornare i file dei gruppi"
+
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/citerefentry
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:286
+msgid "<_:refentrytitle-1/><_:manvolnum-2/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:278
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>, "
+"<_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Creation, 2005"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:30
+msgid "shadowed group file"
+msgstr "file shadow per i gruppi"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:35
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> contains the shadowed information for "
+#| "group accounts."
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> contains the shadowed information for group accounts."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis>/etc/gshadow</emphasis> contiene le informazioni shadow sugli "
+"account di gruppo."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:40 shadow.5.xml.out:52
+msgid ""
+"This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to "
+"be maintained."
+msgstr ""
+"Questo file non deve essere leggibile dagli utenti normali se si vuole "
+"mantenere la sicurezza sulle password."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:45
+msgid "Each line of this file contains the following colon-separated fields:"
+msgstr "Ogni riga di questo file contiene questi campi separati da due punti:"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:51
+msgid "group name"
+msgstr "nome del gruppo"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:53
+msgid "It must be a valid group name, which exist on the system."
+msgstr "Deve essere un nome di gruppo valido, che esista nel sistema."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:59 shadow.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "encrypted password"
+msgstr "password cifrata"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:61 passwd.5.xml.out:102 shadow.5.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> for details on how this string is interpreted."
+msgid ""
+"Refer to <_:citerefentry-1/> for details on how this string is interpreted."
+msgstr ""
+"Fare riferimento a <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> per dettagli sul modo "
+"in cui questa stringa viene interpretata."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:66
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, for instance ! or *, users will not be able to "
+#| "use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need "
+#| "the password)."
+msgid ""
+"If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix "
+"password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)."
+msgstr ""
+"Se il campo password contiene un testo che non sia un risultato valido di "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>, ad esempio ! o *, gli utenti non potranno accedere a quel "
+"gruppo utilizzando la password unix (ma i membri del gruppo non necessitano "
+"di password)."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:73
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The password is used when an user who is not a member of the group wants "
+#| "to gain the permissions of this group (see "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>)."
+msgid ""
+"The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to "
+"gain the permissions of this group (see <_:citerefentry-1/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"La password è utilizzata quanto un utente che non è membro del gruppo cerca "
+"di ottenerne i permessi (vedere <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:79
+msgid ""
+"This field may be empty, in which case only the group members can gain the "
+"group permissions."
+msgstr ""
+"Questo campo può essere vuoto, nel qual caso solo i membri del gruppo "
+"possono ottenere i permessi del gruppo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:83 shadow.5.xml.out:81
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A password field which starts with a exclamation mark means that the "
+#| "password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the "
+#| "password field before the password was locked."
+msgid ""
+"A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the "
+"password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the "
+"password field before the password was locked."
+msgstr ""
+"Se il campo password inizia con un punto esclamativo vuol dire che la "
+"password è bloccata. I restanti caratteri del campo sono il contenuto del "
+"campo password prima che venisse bloccata."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This password supersedes any password specified in <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid "This password supersedes any password specified in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Questa password ha la precedenza su ogni altra specificata in <filename>/etc/"
+"group</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "administrators"
+msgstr "amministratori"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:99 gshadow.5.xml.out:115
+msgid "It must be a comma-separated list of user names."
+msgstr "Deve essere una lista di nomi utente separati da virgole."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:102
+msgid "Administrators can change the password or the members of the group."
+msgstr "Gli amministratori possono cambiare la password o i membri del gruppo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:106
+msgid ""
+"Administrators also have the same permissions as the members (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Gli amministratori hanno anche gli stessi permessi dei membri (vedere sotto),"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:113
+msgid "members"
+msgstr "membri"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:118
+msgid "Members can access the group without being prompted for a password."
+msgstr ""
+"I membri possono accedere al gruppo senza che ne sia richiesta la password."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:122
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You should use the same list of users as in <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid "You should use the same list of users as in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Si dovrebbe utilizzare la stessa lista di utenti di <filename>/etc/group</"
+"filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:162 login.defs.5.xml.out:324 pwconv.8.xml.out:48
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:67 pwconv.8.xml.out:113 pwconv.8.xml.out:134
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:166 pwconv.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "grpconv"
+msgstr "grpconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:35 lastlog.8.xml.out:42 lastlog.8.xml.out:48
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:58 lastlog.8.xml.out:70 lastlog.8.xml.out:172
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:337
+msgid "lastlog"
+msgstr "lastlog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:43
+msgid "reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user"
+msgstr ""
+"riepiloga gli accessi più recenti di tutti gli utenti o dell'utente dato"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:59 lastlog.8.xml.out:197 lastlog.8.xml.out:214
+msgid "/var/log/lastlog"
+msgstr "/var/log/lastlog"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:60
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login name"
+msgid "login-name"
+msgstr "nome di login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:60
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "porttime"
+msgid "port"
+msgstr "porttime"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login name"
+msgid "last login time"
+msgstr "nome di login"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>lastlog</command> formats and prints the contents of the last "
+#| "login log <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file. The <emphasis>login-"
+#| "name</emphasis>, <emphasis>port</emphasis>, and <emphasis>last login "
+#| "time</emphasis> will be printed. The default (no flags) causes lastlog "
+#| "entries to be printed, sorted by their order in <filename>/etc/passwd</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> formats and prints the contents of the last login log <_:"
+"filename-2/> file. The <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/>, and <_:emphasis-5/> "
+"will be printed. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be "
+"printed, sorted by their order in <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>lastlog</command> formatta e mostra il log degli ultimi accessi, "
+"contenuto nel file <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename>. Le informazioni "
+"mostrate sono il <emphasis>nome utente</emphasis>, la <emphasis>porta</"
+"emphasis> e la <emphasis>data dell'ultimo accesso</emphasis>. Il "
+"comportamento predefinito (nessuna opzione specificata) è di mostrare i "
+"record di ultimo accesso per tutti gli utenti, nell'ordine in cui compaiono "
+"in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75 useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:592
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-b"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "--before"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:78
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Print only lastlog records older than <emphasis remap=\"I\">DAYS</"
+#| "emphasis>."
+msgid "Print only lastlog records older than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Mostra solo i record di ultimo accesso più vecchi di <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">GIORNI</emphasis> giorni."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-C"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "--clear"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:88
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-d</option> (or "
+#| "<option>--home</option>) option."
+msgid ""
+"Clear lastlog record of a user. This option can be used only together with "
+"<_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+msgstr ""
+"Questa opzione è valida solo in combinazioone con l'opzione <option>-d</"
+"option> (o <option>--home</option>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:117
+msgid "--set"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:120
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-d</option> (or "
+#| "<option>--home</option>) option."
+msgid ""
+"Set lastlog record of a user to the current time. This option can be used "
+"only together with <_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+msgstr ""
+"Questa opzione è valida solo in combinazioone con l'opzione <option>-d</"
+"option> (o <option>--home</option>)."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:131
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Print the lastlog records more recent than <emphasis remap=\"I\">DAYS</"
+#| "emphasis>."
+msgid "Print the lastlog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Mostra solo i record di ultimo accesso più recenti di <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">GIORNI</emphasis>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:142
+msgid "Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+"Mostra il record di ultimo accesso per l'utente o gli utenti specificati da "
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">LOGIN</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:158
+msgid "** Never logged in**"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:157
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the user has never logged in the message <emphasis>** Never logged "
+#| "in**</emphasis> will be displayed instead of the port and time."
+msgid ""
+"If the user has never logged in the message <_:emphasis-1/> will be "
+"displayed instead of the port and time."
+msgstr ""
+"Se l'utente non ha mai effettuato accessi al sistema viene mostrato, al "
+"posto della porta e della data, il messaggio «<emphasis>**Nessun accesso "
+"effettuato**</emphasis>»."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:162
+msgid ""
+"Only the entries for the current users of the system will be displayed. "
+"Other entries may exist for users that were deleted previously."
+msgstr ""
+"Solo le registrazioni degli utenti correnti del sistema verranno mostrate. "
+"Ci potrebbero essere altre registrazioni per utenti cancellati in precedenza."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:175
+msgid "ls -l"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "ls -s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:171
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <filename>lastlog</filename> file is a database which contains info "
+#| "on the last login of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse "
+#| "file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown "
+#| "by \"<command>ls -l</command>\" (which can indicate a really big file if "
+#| "you have in <filename>passwd</filename> users with a high UID). You can "
+#| "display its real size with \"<command>ls -s</command>\"."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:filename-1/> file is a database which contains info on the last login "
+"of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse file, so its size on "
+"the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by \"<_:command-2/"
+">\" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in <_:filename-3/> "
+"users with a high UID). You can display its real size with \"<_:command-4/"
+">\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Il file <filename>lastlog</filename> è un database che contiene informazioni "
+"sull'ultimo accesso di ogni utente. Non deve essere ruotato. Si tratta di un "
+"file «sparse», quindi la sua dimensione è minore di quanto normalmente "
+"mostrato da «<command>ls -l</command>» (che potrebbe indicare una dimensione "
+"veramente grande se si hanno utenti con grandi UID in <filename>passwd</"
+"filename>). Si può vedere la dimensione effettiva con «<command>ls -s</"
+"command>»."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "Database times of previous user logins."
+msgstr "Database degli orari dei precedenti accessi utente."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"Large gaps in UID numbers will cause the lastlog program to run longer with "
+"no output to the screen (i.e. if in lastlog database there is no entries for "
+"users with UID between 170 and 800 lastlog will appear to hang as it "
+"processes entries with UIDs 171-799)."
+msgstr ""
+"Se ci sono dei grossi scarti tra i valori di UID, il programma lastlog può "
+"restare in esecuzione per un tempo prolungato senza produrre output sullo "
+"schermo (ad es. se nel database lastlog non ci sono registrazioni per UID "
+"tra 170 e 800, il programma sembrerà bloccato mentre esamina gli UID tra 171 "
+"e 799)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:213
+msgid ""
+"Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the <_:term-1/> with "
+"external tools. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much "
+"space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by "
+"default and may require a specific option to handle them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: limits.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Luca"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: limits.5.xml.out:18
+msgid "Berra"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: limits.5.xml.out:19 vipw.8.xml.out:19
+msgid "Creation, 1997"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:35 limits.5.xml.out:42 limits.5.xml.out:50
+msgid "limits"
+msgstr "limits"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: limits.5.xml.out:43
+msgid "resource limits definition"
+msgstr "definizione dei limiti di risorsa"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: limits.5.xml.out:51 limits.5.xml.out:175
+msgid "/etc/limits"
+msgstr "/etc/limits"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: limits.5.xml.out:52
+msgid "config.h"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:49
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis remap=\"I\">limits</emphasis> file (<filename>/etc/limits</"
+#| "filename> by default or LIMITS_FILE defined <filename>config.h</"
+#| "filename>) describes the resource limits you wish to impose. It should be "
+#| "owned by root and readable by root account only."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> file (<_:filename-2/> by default or LIMITS_FILE defined "
+"<_:filename-3/>) describes the resource limits you wish to impose. It should "
+"be owned by root and readable by root account only."
+msgstr ""
+"Il file <emphasis remap=\"I\">limits</emphasis> (<filename>/etc/limits</"
+"filename> o quanto definito da LIMITS_FILE in <filename>config.h</filename>) "
+"descrive i limiti di risorsa che si vuole imporre. Deve essere di proprietà "
+"di root e leggibile solo dall'account root."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"By default no quota is imposed on 'root'. In fact, there is no way to impose "
+"limits via this procedure to root-equiv accounts (accounts with UID 0)."
+msgstr ""
+"In maniera predefinita non c'è nessun limite alla quota di «root». In "
+"effetti non c'è nessun modo per imporre una quota massima tramite questa "
+"procedura agli account equivalenti a root (cioè tutti quelli con UID 0)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:"
+msgstr "Ogni riga descrive un limite per l'utente in questo formato:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "user LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "utente TESTO_LIMITE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:69
+msgid "or in the form:"
+msgstr "oppure nel formato:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "@group LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "@gruppo TESTO_LIMITE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:76 limits.5.xml.out:112
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user LIMITS_STRING"
+msgid "LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "utente TESTO_LIMITE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis>LIMITS_STRING</emphasis> is a string of a concatenated list "
+#| "of resource limits. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed "
+#| "by a numerical limit."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits. "
+"Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Dove <emphasis>TESTO_LIMITE</emphasis> è un testo dato dalla concatenazione "
+"di vari limiti di risorsa. Ogni limite consiste di una lettera "
+"identificativa seguita dal limite numerico."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "The valid identifiers are:"
+msgstr "Gli identificatori validi sono:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:84
+msgid "A: max address space (KB)"
+msgstr "A: spazio massimo di indirizzamento (kB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "C: max core file size (KB)"
+msgstr "C: dimensione massima dei file «core» (kB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:86
+msgid "D: max data size (KB)"
+msgstr "D: spazio massimo per i dati (kB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "F: maximum filesize (KB)"
+msgid "F: maximum file size (KB)"
+msgstr "F: dimensione massima di file (kB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:90
+msgid "umask"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:88
+msgid "K: file creation mask, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:93
+msgid "I: max nice value (0..39 which translates to 20..-19)"
+msgstr "I: massimo valore di «nice» (0..39 che viene tradotto in 20..-19)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:95
+msgid "L: max number of logins for this user"
+msgstr "L: massimo numero di accessi per questo utente"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:96
+msgid "M: max locked-in-memory address space (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+"M: massima quantità di memoria bloccata (della quale non si può fare «swap») "
+"(kB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "N: max number of open files"
+msgstr "N: numero massimo di file aperti"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:98
+msgid "O: max real time priority"
+msgstr "O: massima priorità «real time»"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:101 limits.5.xml.out:188
+msgid "setpriority"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:99
+msgid "P: process priority, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:104
+msgid "R: max resident set size (KB)"
+msgstr "R: massimo «resident set size» (kB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:105
+msgid "S: max stack size (KB)"
+msgstr "S: dimensione massima della pila (kB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:106
+msgid "T: max CPU time (MIN)"
+msgstr "T: quantità massima di tempo CPU (MIN)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:107
+msgid "U: max number of processes"
+msgstr "U: massimo numero di processi"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:111
+msgid "L2D2048N5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:110
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For example, <emphasis remap=\"I\">L2D2048N5</emphasis> is a valid "
+#| "<emphasis>LIMITS_STRING</emphasis>. For reading convenience, the "
+#| "following entries are equivalent:"
+msgid ""
+"For example, <_:emphasis-1/> is a valid <_:emphasis-2/>. For reading "
+"convenience, the following entries are equivalent:"
+msgstr ""
+"Ad esempio, <emphasis remap=\"I\">L2D2048N5</emphasis> è uno testo valido "
+"per <emphasis>TESTO_LIMITE</emphasis>. Per sempicità di lettura le seguenti "
+"scritture sono equivalenti:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: limits.5.xml.out:116
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      username L2D2048N5\n"
+#| "      username L2 D2048 N5\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "username L2D2048N5 username L2 D2048 N5"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"   nomeutente L2D2048N5\n"
+"   nomeutente L2 D2048 N5\n"
+"   "
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: limits.5.xml.out:122 login.1.xml.out:83 login.1.xml.out:91
+#: login.1.xml.out:197 su.1.xml.out:70 su.1.xml.out:82 su.1.xml.out:95
+#: su.1.xml.out:153 su.1.xml.out:155 useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid "username"
+msgstr "nome"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:121
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Be aware that after <emphasis remap=\"I\">username</emphasis> the rest of "
+#| "the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed. A "
+#| "invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the "
+#| "<command>login</command> program."
+msgid ""
+"Be aware that after <_:emphasis-1/> the rest of the line is considered a "
+"limit string, thus comments are not allowed. An invalid limits string will "
+"be rejected (not considered) by the <_:command-2/> program."
+msgstr ""
+"Notare che dopo <emphasis remap=\"I\">nomeutente</emphasis> il resto della "
+"riga è considerato il testo del limite, quindi non sono ammessi commenti a "
+"fine riga. Un testo limite non valido verrà ignorato dal programma "
+"<command>login</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:129
+msgid "*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:130
+msgid "default"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:131
+msgid "LIMITS_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default entry is denoted by username \"<emphasis>*</emphasis>\". If "
+#| "you have multiple <emphasis remap=\"I\">default</emphasis> entries in "
+#| "your <emphasis>LIMITS_FILE</emphasis>, then the last one will be used as "
+#| "the default entry."
+msgid ""
+"The default entry is denoted by username \"<_:emphasis-1/>\". If you have "
+"multiple <_:emphasis-2/> entries in your <_:emphasis-3/>, then the last one "
+"will be used as the default entry."
+msgstr ""
+"L'impostazione predefinita è quella che ha come nome utente «<emphasis>*</"
+"emphasis>». Se si hanno varie righe <emphasis remap=\"I\">predefinite</"
+"emphasis> nel file <emphasis>LIMITS_FILE</emphasis> verrà utilizzata solo "
+"l'ultima."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: limits.5.xml.out:136 limits.5.xml.out:148
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group"
+msgid "@group"
+msgstr "gruppo"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:135
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The limits specified in the form \"<replaceable>@group</replaceable>\" "
+#| "apply to the members of the specified <replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"The limits specified in the form \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" apply to the members "
+"of the specified <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"I limiti specificati nella forma «<replaceable>@gruppo</replaceable>» si "
+"applicano ai membri del <replaceable>gruppo</replaceable> specificato."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:141
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If more than one line with limits for an user exist, only the first line "
+#| "for this user will be considered."
+msgid ""
+"If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for "
+"this user will be considered."
+msgstr ""
+"Se ci sono più righe per lo stesso utente nel file limits, allora solo la "
+"prima verrà considerata."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:146
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If no lines are specified for an user, the last <replaceable>@group</"
+#| "replaceable> line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be "
+#| "considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the "
+#| "user."
+msgid ""
+"If no lines are specified for a user, the last <_:replaceable-1/> line "
+"matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the "
+"last line with default limits if no groups contain the user."
+msgstr ""
+"Se non ci sono righe specifiche per un utente, verrà presa l'ultima riga "
+"<replaceable>@group</replaceable> relativa ad un gruppo del quale l'utente è "
+"membro, oppure l'ultima riga con limiti predefiniti se non si trova nessuna "
+"riga con gruppi dell'utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: limits.5.xml.out:155 limits.5.xml.out:160 login.access.5.xml.out:72
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:47 newgrp.1.xml.out:56 sg.1.xml.out:48 su.1.xml.out:67
+#: su.1.xml.out:84 su.1.xml.out:93 su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:152
+msgid "-"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:153
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash \"<emphasis>-</"
+#| "emphasis>\" will do."
+msgid ""
+"To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" "
+"will do."
+msgstr ""
+"Per eliminare completamente l'impostazione di limiti per un certo utente, si "
+"può utilizzare «<emphasis>-</emphasis>»."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "To disable a limit for a user, a single dash \"<replaceable>-</"
+#| "replaceable>\" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit."
+msgid ""
+"To disable a limit for a user, a single dash \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" can be "
+"used instead of the numerical value for this limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Per disabilitare i limiti per un utente, un singolo trattino «<replaceable>-"
+"</replaceable>» può essere utilizzato al posto del valore numerico del "
+"limite."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:164
+msgid ""
+"Also, please note that all limit settings are set PER LOGIN. They are not "
+"global, nor are they permanent. Perhaps global limits will come, but for now "
+"this will have to do ;)"
+msgstr ""
+"Notare inoltre che tutte queste impostazioni sono effettuate ad ogni "
+"accesso. Non si tratta di impostazioni globali né permanenti. Forse limiti "
+"globali saranno possibili in futuro, ma per ora devono bastare questi ;)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:191
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/limits"
+msgid "setrlimit"
+msgstr "/etc/limits"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "begin session on the system"
+msgstr "apre una sessione sul sistema"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: login.1.xml.out:81 login.1.xml.out:89 login.1.xml.out:96
+msgid "host"
+msgstr "macchina"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: login.1.xml.out:81 login.1.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-h <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-h <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-h <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: login.1.xml.out:84
+msgid "ENV=VAR"
+msgstr "ENV=VAR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: login.1.xml.out:96
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-r <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-r <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-r <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:105
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "login:"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:109
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "exec login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:102
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>login</command> program is used to establish a new session "
+#| "with the system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to "
+#| "the <emphasis remap=\"I\">login:</emphasis> prompt on the user's "
+#| "terminal. <command>login</command> may be special to the shell and may "
+#| "not be invoked as a sub-process. When called from a shell, "
+#| "<command>login</command> should be executed as <emphasis remap=\"B\">exec "
+#| "login</emphasis> which will cause the user to exit from the current shell "
+#| "(and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of "
+#| "the caller). Attempting to execute <command>login</command> from any "
+#| "shell but the login shell will produce an error message."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program is used to establish a new session with the "
+"system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> prompt on the user's terminal. <_:command-3/> may be special to "
+"the shell and may not be invoked as a sub-process. When called from a shell, "
+"<_:command-4/> should be executed as <_:emphasis-5/> which will cause the "
+"user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in "
+"user to return to the session of the caller). Attempting to execute <_:"
+"command-6/> from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>login</command> viene utilizzato per aprire una sessione sul "
+"sistema. Normalmente viene invocato automaticamente rispondendo al prompt "
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">login:</emphasis> del terminale. <command>login</"
+"command> può essere trattato in maniera speciale dalla shell e non può "
+"essere invocato come sottoprocesso. Quando è richiamato dalla shell, "
+"<command>login</command> va invocato come <emphasis remap=\"B\">exec login</"
+"emphasis> che termina la shell utente attuale (il che impedirà al nuovo "
+"utente che accede, di poter ritornare alla sessione del chiamante). Il "
+"tentativo di esecuzione di <command>login</command> da una shell che non sia "
+"quella di login produce un messaggio d'errore."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:116
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is "
+#| "disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of "
+#| "password failures are permitted before <command>login</command> exits and "
+#| "the communications link is severed."
+msgid ""
+"The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is "
+"disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of password "
+"failures are permitted before <_:command-1/> exits and the communications "
+"link is severed."
+msgstr ""
+"Se necessario viene quindi chiesta la password all'utente. Durante questa "
+"operazione l'eco sul terminale è disabilitata per non rivelare la password. "
+"Solo un basso numero di tentativi falliti è permesso prima che "
+"<command>login</command> termini e che la connessione sia interrotta."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:123
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted "
+#| "for a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to provide your "
+#| "old password and the new password before continuing. Please refer to "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for "
+"a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to provide your old "
+"password and the new password before continuing. Please refer to <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"Se la scadenza delle password è abilitata per il proprio account, prima di "
+"proseguire ci può essere la richiesta di una nuova password. Il programma "
+"chiederà prima la vecchia password e poi la nuova per poter continuare. Per "
+"maggiori informazioni si faccia riferimento a "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:135 login.1.xml.out:341
+msgid "/etc/motd"
+msgstr "/etc/motd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:136
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+msgid ".hushlogin"
+msgstr "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:137
+msgid "You have new mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:138
+msgid "You have mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:139
+msgid "No Mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:132
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and "
+#| "the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of the system message "
+#| "file, <filename>/etc/motd</filename>, by creating a zero-length file "
+#| "<filename>.hushlogin</filename> in your login directory. The mail message "
+#| "will be one of \"<emphasis>You have new mail.</emphasis>\", "
+#| "\"<emphasis>You have mail.</emphasis>\", or \"<emphasis>No Mail.</"
+#| "emphasis>\" according to the condition of your mailbox."
+msgid ""
+"After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and "
+"the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of the system message "
+"file, <_:filename-1/>, by creating a zero-length file <_:filename-2/> in "
+"your login directory. The mail message will be one of \"<_:emphasis-3/>\", "
+"\"<_:emphasis-4/>\", or \"<_:emphasis-5/>\" according to the condition of "
+"your mailbox."
+msgstr ""
+"Dopo aver completato correttamente l'accesso, vengono mostrati eventuali "
+"messaggi di sistema e si viene informati della presenza di nuova posta. Si "
+"può evitare di visualizzare i messaggi in <filename>/etc/motd</filename> "
+"creando un file vuoto chiamato <filename>.hushlogin</filename> nella propria "
+"directory di login. Il messaggio relativo alla presenza di posta è "
+"«<emphasis>C'è nuova posta.</emphasis>», «<emphasis>C'è posta.</emphasis>» o "
+"«<emphasis>Nessun messaggio di posta.</emphasis>» a seconda dello stato "
+"della propria casella di posta."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 passwd.5.xml.out:126 su.1.xml.out:247
+msgid "$HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 passwd.5.xml.out:133 su.1.xml.out:179 su.1.xml.out:199
+#: su.1.xml.out:247
+msgid "$SHELL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#. (itstool) path: term/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 su.1.xml.out:105 su.1.xml.out:215 su.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "$PATH"
+msgstr "$PATH"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:147 su.1.xml.out:248
+msgid "$LOGNAME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:147 su.1.xml.out:275
+msgid "$MAIL"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:143
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the "
+#| "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file. The value for <envar>$HOME</"
+#| "envar>, <envar>$SHELL</envar>, <envar>$PATH</envar>, <envar>$LOGNAME</"
+#| "envar>, and <envar>$MAIL</envar> are set according to the appropriate "
+#| "fields in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be "
+#| "set according to entries in the GECOS field."
+msgid ""
+"Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the <_:"
+"filename-1/> file. The value for <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, "
+"<_:envar-5/>, and <_:envar-6/> are set according to the appropriate fields "
+"in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set "
+"according to entries in the GECOS field."
+msgstr ""
+"I propri ID di utente e gruppo vengono poi impostati in base ai valori "
+"definiti nel file <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>. I valori di "
+"<envar>$HOME</envar>, <envar>$SHELL</envar>, <envar>$PATH</envar>, "
+"<envar>$LOGNAME</envar> e <envar>$MAIL</envar> sono impostati in base ai "
+"campi appropriati nella voce della password. Anche i valori per ulimit, "
+"umask e nice possono essere impostati in base al campo GECOS."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:154 su.1.xml.out:264
+msgid "$TERM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:155 login.1.xml.out:353
+msgid "/etc/ttytype"
+msgstr "/etc/ttytype"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "On some installations, the environmental variable <envar>$TERM</envar> "
+#| "will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified "
+#| "in <filename>/etc/ttytype</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"On some installations, the environmental variable <_:envar-1/> will be "
+"initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in <_:"
+"filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"In alcune installazioni la variabile d'ambiente <envar>$TERM</envar> può "
+"essere impostata in base al tipo di terminale della propria connessione, "
+"come specificato in <filename>/etc/ttytype</filename>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"An initialization script for your command interpreter may also be executed. "
+"Please see the appropriate manual section for more information on this "
+"function."
+msgstr ""
+"Può anche essere eseguito uno script di inizializzazione per il proprio "
+"interprete dei comandi. Fare riferimento alla relativa sezione di manuale "
+"per maggiori informazioni su questa funzione."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:164 su.1.xml.out:112
+msgid ""
+"A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a \"*\" as the first "
+"character of the login shell. The given home directory will be used as the "
+"root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into."
+msgstr ""
+"Un sottosistema di login è indicato dalla presenza del carattere «*» "
+"all'inizio della shell di login. La directory home impostata sarà utilizzata "
+"come root di un nuovo file system al quale l'utente accede."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:173 login.1.xml.out:249 login.1.xml.out:401
+msgid "getty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:175 login.1.xml.out:251
+msgid "init"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:178 login.1.xml.out:254
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:170 login.1.xml.out:246
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>login</command> program is NOT responsible for removing "
+#| "users from the utmp file. It is the responsibility of "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to clean up "
+#| "apparent ownership of a terminal session. If you use <command>login</"
+#| "command> from the shell prompt without <command>exec</command>, the user "
+#| "you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of "
+#| "the \"subsession\"."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program is NOT responsible for removing users from the "
+"utmp file. It is the responsibility of <_:citerefentry-2/> and <_:"
+"citerefentry-3/> to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session. If "
+"you use <_:command-4/> from the shell prompt without <_:command-5/>, the "
+"user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out "
+"of the \"subsession\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Il programma <command>login</command> NON è responsabile di rimuovere gli "
+"utenti dal file utmp. La correzione del proprietario di una sessione di "
+"terminale è responsabilità di <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> e "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>. Se si usa <command>login</command> senza <command>exec</"
+"command> dal prompt della shell, allora l'utente che si sta usando risulterà "
+"sempre connesso al sistema anche oltre il termine della «sottosessione»."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:193
+msgid "Do not perform authentication, user is preauthenticated."
+msgstr "Non effettua l'autenticazione, l'utente è già autenticato"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:196
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: In that case, <replaceable>username</replaceable> is mandatory."
+msgid "Note: In that case, <_:replaceable-1/> is mandatory."
+msgstr ""
+"Nota: in questo caso <replaceable>username</replaceable> è obbligatorio."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:207
+msgid "Name of the remote host for this login."
+msgstr "Nome dell'host remoto per questo login."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:215
+msgid "Preserve environment."
+msgstr "Non modifica l'ambiente."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:223
+msgid "Perform autologin protocol for rlogin."
+msgstr "Attiva il protocollo autologin di rlogin."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:228
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> and <option>-f</option> "
+#| "options are only used when <command>login</command> is invoked by root."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> options are only used "
+"when <_:command-4/> is invoked by root."
+msgstr ""
+"Le opzioni <option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> e <option>-f</option> "
+"possono essere utilizzate solo quando <command>login</command> viene "
+"invocato da root."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:237 su.1.xml.out:307
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This version of <command>su</command> has many compilation options, only "
+#| "some of which may be in use at any particular site."
+msgid ""
+"This version of <_:command-1/> has many compilation options, only some of "
+"which may be in use at any particular site."
+msgstr ""
+"Questa versione di <command>su</command> ha molte opzioni di compilazione; "
+"solo una parte di esse potrebbe essere in uso su un determinato sistema."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:242
+msgid ""
+"The location of files is subject to differences in system configuration."
+msgstr ""
+"La posizione dei file è soggetta a differenze in base alla configurazione "
+"del sistema."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:258
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As with any program, <command>login</command>'s appearance can be faked. "
+#| "If non-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could "
+#| "use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front "
+#| "of the machine. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to "
+#| "initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack."
+msgid ""
+"As with any program, <_:command-1/>'s appearance can be faked. If non-"
+"trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this "
+"to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the "
+"machine. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a "
+"trusted path and prevent this kind of attack."
+msgstr ""
+"Come per ogni programma, l'aspetto di <command>login</command> può essere "
+"simulata. Se utenti non fidati hanno accesso fisico alla macchina, essi "
+"potrebbero sfruttare questa cosa per ottenere la password della prossima "
+"persona che si siede davanti al terminale. In Linux si può utilizzare il "
+"meccanismo SAK per iniziare un percorso sicuro che previene questo tipo di "
+"attacchi."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:317 logoutd.8.xml.out:56 logoutd.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "/var/run/utmp"
+msgstr "/var/run/utmp"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:319 logoutd.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "List of current login sessions."
+msgstr "Elenco delle sessioni attive."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:323
+msgid "/var/log/wtmp"
+msgstr "/var/log/wtmp"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:325
+msgid "List of previous login sessions."
+msgstr "Elenco delle precedenti sessioni di login."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:343
+msgid "System message of the day file."
+msgstr "File di sistema con il messaggio del giorno."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:347
+msgid "/etc/nologin"
+msgstr "/etc/nologin"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:349
+msgid "Prevent non-root users from logging in."
+msgstr "Impedisce l'accesso al sistema per utenti diversi da root."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:355
+msgid "List of terminal types."
+msgstr "Elenco di tipi di terminale."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:359
+msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+msgstr "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:361
+msgid "Suppress printing of system messages."
+msgstr "Impedisce che vengano mostrati i messaggi di sistema."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:377
+msgid "mail"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:383 su.1.xml.out:424
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "chsh"
+msgid "sh"
+msgstr "chsh"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:386 login.defs.5.xml.out:436 login.defs.5.xml.out:520
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:536 newgrp.1.xml.out:136 passwd.5.xml.out:197
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:283 sg.1.xml.out:128 su.1.xml.out:50 su.1.xml.out:57
+#: su.1.xml.out:62 su.1.xml.out:81 su.1.xml.out:83 su.1.xml.out:121
+#: su.1.xml.out:201 su.1.xml.out:239 su.1.xml.out:308 su.1.xml.out:368
+#: su.1.xml.out:372 su.1.xml.out:377 su.1.xml.out:381 suauth.5.xml.out:201
+msgid "su"
+msgstr "su"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:392 nologin.8.xml.out:22 nologin.8.xml.out:29
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:35 nologin.8.xml.out:42 nologin.8.xml.out:48
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:63 nologin.8.xml.out:71
+msgid "nologin"
+msgstr "nologin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:398
+msgid "securetty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:16 pwconv.8.xml.out:21 suauth.5.xml.out:15
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:17
+msgid "Marek"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:17 pwconv.8.xml.out:22 suauth.5.xml.out:16
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:18
+msgid "Michałkiewicz"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:34 login.access.5.xml.out:41
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:48 login.access.5.xml.out:54
+msgid "login.access"
+msgstr "login.access"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:42
+msgid "login access control table"
+msgstr "tabella di controllo accessi"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:47
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis remap=\"I\">login.access</emphasis> file specifies (user, "
+#| "host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will "
+#| "be either accepted or refused."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, "
+"tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused."
+msgstr ""
+"Il file <emphasis remap=\"I\">login.access</emphasis> specifica le "
+"combinazioni (utente, macchina) e/o (utente, terminale) per le quali un "
+"accesso sia accettato o rifiutato."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:53
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When someone logs in, the <emphasis remap=\"I\">login.access</emphasis> "
+#| "is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, "
+#| "or, in case of non-networked logins, the first entry that matches the "
+#| "(user, tty) combination. The permissions field of that table entry "
+#| "determines whether the login will be accepted or refused."
+msgid ""
+"When someone logs in, the <_:emphasis-1/> is scanned for the first entry "
+"that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non-networked "
+"logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination. The "
+"permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be "
+"accepted or refused."
+msgstr ""
+"Quando avviene un accesso, il file <emphasis remap=\\\"I\\\">login.access</"
+"emphasis> viene scorso alla ricerca della prima combinazione (utente, "
+"macchina) oppure, in caso di accesso in locale, la prima combinazione "
+"(utente, terminale). Il campo per l'autorizzazione di quanto ritrovato "
+"determina se l'utente può o meno accedere."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"Each line of the login access control table has three fields separated by a "
+"\":\" character:"
+msgstr ""
+"Ogni riga della tabella di controllo degli accessi ha tre campi separati dal "
+"carattere «:»:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "permission denied"
+msgid "permission"
+msgstr "permesso negato"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "users"
+msgstr "utente"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+msgid "origins"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>:<_:emphasis-3/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:71
+msgid "+"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:74 login.access.5.xml.out:78 suauth.5.xml.out:78
+msgid "ALL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/literal
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:76 login.access.5.xml.out:77
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:80
+msgid "."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "LOCAL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The first field should be a \"<emphasis>+</emphasis>\" (access granted) "
+#| "or \"<emphasis>-</emphasis>\" (access denied) character. The second field "
+#| "should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or "
+#| "<emphasis>ALL</emphasis> (always matches). The third field should be a "
+#| "list of one or more tty names (for non-networked logins), host names, "
+#| "domain names (begin with \"<literal>.</literal>\"), host addresses, "
+#| "internet network numbers (end with \"<literal>.</literal>\"), "
+#| "<emphasis>ALL</emphasis> (always matches) or <emphasis>LOCAL</emphasis> "
+#| "(matches any string that does not contain a \"<literal>.</literal>\" "
+#| "character). If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user "
+#| "patterns."
+msgid ""
+"The first field should be a \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" (access granted) or \"<_:"
+"emphasis-2/>\" (access denied) character. The second field should be a list "
+"of one or more login names, group names, or <_:emphasis-3/> (always "
+"matches). The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non-"
+"networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with \"<_:literal-4/>\"), "
+"host addresses, internet network numbers (end with \"<_:literal-5/>\"), <_:"
+"emphasis-6/> (always matches) or <_:emphasis-7/> (matches any string that "
+"does not contain a \"<_:literal-8/>\" character). If you run NIS you can use "
+"@netgroupname in host or user patterns."
+msgstr ""
+"Il primo campo dovrebbe essere il carattere «<emphasis>+</"
+"emphasis>» (accesso concesso) o «<emphasis>-</emphasis>» (accesso negato). "
+"Il secondo campo dovrebbe essere un elenco di nomi utente o gruppi oppure "
+"<emphasis>ALL</emphasis> (sempre vero). Il terzo campo dovrebbe essere una "
+"lista di uno o più nomi di terminale (per accesso locale), nomi di macchina, "
+"nomi di dominio (con il carattere «<literal>.</literal>» all'inizio), "
+"indirizzi di macchina, numeri di rete internet (termina con il carattere "
+"«<literal>.</literal>»), <emphasis>ALL</emphasis> (sempre vero) oppure "
+"<emphasis>LOCAL</emphasis> (corrisponde a ogni testo che non contenga il "
+"carattere «<literal>.</literal>»). Se si usa NIS si può usare @nomenetgroup "
+"come nome macchina o utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "EXCEPT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:84
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis>EXCEPT</emphasis> operator makes it possible to write very "
+#| "compact rules."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> operator makes it possible to write very compact rules."
+msgstr ""
+"L'operatore <emphasis>EXCEPT</emphasis> permette di scrivere regole molto "
+"compatte."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:89
+msgid ""
+"The group file is searched only when a name does not match that of the "
+"logged-in user. Only groups are matched in which users are explicitly "
+"listed: the program does not look at a user's primary group id value."
+msgstr ""
+"La ricerca nel file dei gruppi avviene solo quando il nome non corrisponde a "
+"quello dell'utente che accede. I gruppi che possono corrispondere sono solo "
+"quelli nei quali l'utente è esplicitamente elencato: il programma non "
+"controlla l'id del gruppo primario dell'utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:110 porttime.5.xml.out:119 suauth.5.xml.out:199
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "shadow password suite configuration"
+msgstr "configurazione del pacchetto password shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:115
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> file defines the site-specific "
+#| "configuration for the shadow password suite. This file is required. "
+#| "Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably "
+#| "result in undesirable operation."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:filename-1/> file defines the site-specific configuration for the "
+"shadow password suite. This file is required. Absence of this file will not "
+"prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation."
+msgstr ""
+"Il file <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> contiene la configurazione "
+"specifica per questo sistema relativa al pacchetto password shadow. Questo "
+"file è obbligatorio. La sua assenza non bloccerà l'utilizzo del sistema, ma "
+"probabilmente sarà causa di risultati non desiderati."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:122
+msgid ""
+"This file is a readable text file, each line of the file describing one "
+"configuration parameter. The lines consist of a configuration name and "
+"value, separated by whitespace. Blank lines and comment lines are ignored. "
+"Comments are introduced with a \"#\" pound sign and the pound sign must be "
+"the first non-white character of the line."
+msgstr ""
+"Questo file è un file di testo leggibile nel quale ogni riga descrive un "
+"parametro di configurazione. Le righe consistono di una coppia nome valore "
+"separati da spazi. Le righe vuote e di commento sono ignorate. I commenti "
+"iniziano con con il simbolo \"#\" che deve essere il primo carattere diverso "
+"da spazio della riga."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:133 useradd.8.xml.out:242 useradd.8.xml.out:380
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:87 userdel.8.xml.out:297
+msgid "yes"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:140
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "0"
+msgid "0x"
+msgstr "0"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:130
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and "
+#| "long numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters. A "
+#| "boolean should be either the value <replaceable>yes</replaceable> or "
+#| "<replaceable>no</replaceable>. An undefined boolean parameter or one with "
+#| "a value other than these will be given a <replaceable>no</replaceable> "
+#| "value. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, "
+#| "octal values (precede the value with <replaceable>0</replaceable>) or "
+#| "hexadecimal values (precede the value with <replaceable>0x</"
+#| "replaceable>). The maximum value of the regular and long numeric "
+#| "parameters is machine-dependent."
+msgid ""
+"Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long "
+"numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters. A boolean should "
+"be either the value <_:replaceable-1/> or <_:replaceable-2/>. An undefined "
+"boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a <_:"
+"replaceable-3/> value. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal "
+"values, octal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-4/>) or "
+"hexadecimal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-5/>). The maximum "
+"value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine-dependent."
+msgstr ""
+"I valori dei parametri possono essere di quattro tipi: testo, booleano, "
+"numerico e numerico lungo. Un testo può contenere qualsiasi carattere "
+"stampabile. Un booleano dovrebbe essere uno tra <replaceable>yes</"
+"replaceable> e <replaceable>no</replaceable>. Un parametro dal valore "
+"booleano non definito oppure uno che ha un valore diverso da quelli permessi "
+"verrà equiparato al valore <replaceable>no</replaceable>. I numerici (sia "
+"normali che lunghi) possono essere decimali, ottali (preceduti da "
+"<replaceable>0</replaceable>) o esadecimali (preceduti da <replaceable>0x</"
+"replaceable>). Il valore massimo dei numerici normali e lunghi è dipendente "
+"dalla macchina."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:145
+msgid "The following configuration items are provided:"
+msgstr "Sono forniti i seguenti parametri di configurazione:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:193 pwconv.8.xml.out:146 useradd.8.xml.out:309
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:314
+msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:193 pwconv.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "PASS_MIN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:194 pwconv.8.xml.out:147
+msgid "PASS_WARN_AGE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: variablelist/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:192
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option>, <option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> and "
+#| "<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> are only used at the time of account "
+#| "creation. Any changes to these settings won't affect existing accounts."
+msgid ""
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> are only used at the time of "
+"account creation. Any changes to these settings won't affect existing "
+"accounts."
+msgstr ""
+"<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option>, <option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> e "
+"<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> sono utilizzate solo al momento della "
+"creazione dell'account. Qualsiasi cambiamento di queste impostazioni non "
+"modifica gli account preesistenti."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:225
+msgid "CROSS REFERENCES"
+msgstr "RIFERIMENTI INCROCIATI"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:226
+msgid ""
+"The following cross references show which programs in the shadow password "
+"suite use which parameters."
+msgstr ""
+"I seguenti riferimenti incrociati mostrano quali programmi del pacchetto "
+"shadow password utilizzano quali parametri."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:235 login.defs.5.xml.out:423 login.defs.5.xml.out:431
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:503 pwck.8.xml.out:75 pwck.8.xml.out:216
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:232 pwconv.8.xml.out:89 pwconv.8.xml.out:91
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:94 pwconv.8.xml.out:105 pwconv.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "USE_TCB"
+msgstr "USE_TCB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:242
+msgid "CHFN_AUTH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:244 login.defs.5.xml.out:359
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+msgid "LOGIN_STRING"
+msgstr "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:241
+msgid "<_:phrase-1/> CHFN_RESTRICT <_:phrase-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:253 login.defs.5.xml.out:264 login.defs.5.xml.out:284
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:388 login.defs.5.xml.out:404
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgstr "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:251 login.defs.5.xml.out:282
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <phrase "
+"condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:262
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgstr "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:272
+msgid "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+msgstr "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:292
+msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN"
+msgstr "GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:301 login.defs.5.xml.out:307 login.defs.5.xml.out:313
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:320 login.defs.5.xml.out:326 login.defs.5.xml.out:332
+msgid "MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP"
+msgstr "MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:330 pwconv.8.xml.out:49 pwconv.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:119 pwconv.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:167
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "grpunconv"
+msgstr "grpunconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:339
+msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:346 login.defs.5.xml.out:439
+msgid "CONSOLE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:348
+msgid "ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:351
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+msgid "FAILLOG_ENAB"
+msgstr "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+
+# type: SH
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:353
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "FILE"
+msgid "FTMP_FILE"
+msgstr "FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:355
+msgid "ISSUE_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:357
+msgid "LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:361
+msgid ""
+"MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE "
+"PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:365
+msgid "ULIMIT UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:345
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY "
+"<_:phrase-3/> FAKE_SHELL <_:phrase-4/> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <_:phrase-5/> KILLCHAR "
+"<_:phrase-6/> LOGIN_RETRIES <_:phrase-7/> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+"LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <_:phrase-8/> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <_:phrase-9/> "
+"USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:372
+msgid "newgrp / sg"
+msgstr "newgrp / sg"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:374
+msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+msgstr "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:382
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
+#| "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</"
+#| "phrase> SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN "
+#| "UMASK"
+msgid ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
+"HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/> "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
+"PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+"condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase> "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:401
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
+#| "PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
+msgid ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
+"PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
+"PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <phrase "
+"condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:414
+msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:412 login.defs.5.xml.out:421
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\">USE_TCB</phrase>"
+msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase condition=\"tcb\">USE_TCB</"
+"phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:419 passwd.5.xml.out:188 pwconv.8.xml.out:39
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:46 pwconv.8.xml.out:55 pwconv.8.xml.out:83
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:88 pwconv.8.xml.out:90 pwconv.8.xml.out:134
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:144 pwconv.8.xml.out:165 pwconv.8.xml.out:216
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:277
+msgid "pwconv"
+msgstr "pwconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:428 passwd.5.xml.out:191 pwconv.8.xml.out:47
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:61 pwconv.8.xml.out:98 pwconv.8.xml.out:104
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:109 pwconv.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:157
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:166 shadow.5.xml.out:280
+msgid "pwunconv"
+msgstr "pwunconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:441
+msgid "ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:443
+msgid "ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:446
+msgid "SU_WHEEL_ONLY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:438
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH "
+"<_:phrase-3/> SULOG_FILE SU_NAME <_:phrase-4/> SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <_:phrase-5/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:453 passwd.5.xml.out:200 shadow.5.xml.out:286
+msgid "sulogin"
+msgstr "sulogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:457 su.1.xml.out:278
+msgid "ENV_TZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:455
+msgid "ENV_HZ <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:475
+msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:464
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS "
+#| "PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX "
+#| "SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB</phrase>"
+msgid ""
+"CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR "
+"MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <_:"
+"phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS "
+"PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN "
+"UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <phrase condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK "
+"USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:485 login.defs.5.xml.out:495
+msgid "TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:482
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB "
+#| "<phrase condition=\"tcb\">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+msgid ""
+"MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB <_:"
+"phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"\"MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB "
+"<phrase condition=\"tcb\">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:492
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <phrase "
+"condition=\"tcb\">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:500 vipw.8.xml.out:35 vipw.8.xml.out:42
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:51 vipw.8.xml.out:67 vipw.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "vipw"
+msgstr "vipw"
+
+# type: SH
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:511 pwconv.8.xml.out:193 suauth.5.xml.out:179
+msgid "BUGS"
+msgstr "ERRORI"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:512
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow password "
+#| "suite is now handled by PAM. Thus, <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+#| "is no longer used by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, or less used by "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Please refer to "
+#| "the corresponding PAM configuration files instead."
+msgid ""
+"Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow password "
+"suite is now handled by PAM. Thus, <_:filename-1/> is no longer used by <_:"
+"citerefentry-2/>, or less used by <_:citerefentry-3/>, and <_:citerefentry-4/"
+">. Please refer to the corresponding PAM configuration files instead."
+msgstr ""
+"Molte delle funzionalità che erano fornite dal pacchetto password shadow "
+"sono adesso gestite da PAM. Quindi <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> non "
+"è più utilizzato da <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, e meno usato da "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry> e <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+"manvolnum></citerefentry>. Vedere la corrispondente configurazione di PAM."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:545
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "pw_name"
+msgid "pam"
+msgstr "pw_name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:528
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:33 logoutd.8.xml.out:40 logoutd.8.xml.out:46
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:53 logoutd.8.xml.out:55
+msgid "logoutd"
+msgstr "logoutd"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "enforce login time restrictions"
+msgstr "impone le limitazioni sugli orari d'accesso"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:54 logoutd.8.xml.out:60 logoutd.8.xml.out:68
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:87 porttime.5.xml.out:109
+msgid "/etc/porttime"
+msgstr "/etc/porttime"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:56
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/group"
+msgid "/etc/rc"
+msgstr "/etc/group"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:52
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>logoutd</command> enforces the login time and port restrictions "
+#| "specified in <filename>/etc/porttime</filename>. <command>logoutd</"
+#| "command> should be started from <filename>/etc/rc</filename>. The "
+#| "<filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> file is scanned periodically and each "
+#| "user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named "
+#| "port at the current time. Any login session which is violating the "
+#| "restrictions in <filename>/etc/porttime</filename> is terminated."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in <_:"
+"filename-2/>. <_:command-3/> should be started from <_:filename-4/>. The <_:"
+"filename-5/> file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to "
+"see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time. "
+"Any login session which is violating the restrictions in <_:filename-6/> is "
+"terminated."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>logoutd</command> fa rispettare le limitazioni sugli orari e sulle "
+"porte di accesso specificate in <filename>/etc/porttime</filename>. "
+"<command>logoutd</command> andrebbe avviato da <filename>/etc/rc</filename>. "
+"Il file <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> viene controllato periodicamente "
+"per verificare che a ciascun utente sia consentito l'accesso da quella "
+"determinata porta e all'orario attuale. Ogni sessione di login che stia "
+"violando le limitazioni in <filename>/etc/porttime</filename> viene "
+"terminata."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:70 porttime.5.xml.out:111
+msgid "File containing port access."
+msgstr "File contenente gli accessi alle porte."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "log in to a new group"
+msgstr "effettua l'accesso a un nuovo gruppo"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:54
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>newgrp</command> command is used to change the current group "
+#| "ID during a login session. If the optional <option>-</option> flag is "
+#| "given, the user's environment will be reinitialized as though the user "
+#| "had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current "
+#| "working directory, remains unchanged."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to change the current group ID during a "
+"login session. If the optional <_:option-2/> flag is given, the user's "
+"environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, "
+"otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, "
+"remains unchanged."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>newgrp</command> permette di cambiare il proprio ID di gruppo "
+"durante una sessione di login. Se viene specificato <option>-</option>, "
+"l'ambiente dell'utente viene reinizializzato come se l'utente stesse "
+"effettuando il login, altrimenti l'ambiente non viene modificato e la "
+"directory corrente non viene cambiata."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:62
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>newgrp</command> changes the current real group ID to the named "
+#| "group, or to the default group listed in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> "
+#| "if no group name is given. <command>newgrp</command> also tries to add "
+#| "the group to the user groupset. If not root, the user will be prompted "
+#| "for a password if she does not have a password (in <filename>/etc/shadow</"
+#| "filename> if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> otherwise) and the group does, or if the "
+#| "user is not listed as a member and the group has a password. The user "
+#| "will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not "
+#| "listed as a member."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to "
+"the default group listed in <_:filename-2/> if no group name is given. <_:"
+"command-3/> also tries to add the group to the user groupset. If not root, "
+"the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in "
+"<_:filename-4/> if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or "
+"in <_:filename-5/> otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not "
+"listed as a member and the group has a password. The user will be denied "
+"access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>newgrp</command> cambia l'ID di gruppo attuale reale in base al "
+"gruppo passato come argomento oppure, se non si passa nessun argomento, al "
+"gruppo predefinito nel file <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>. "
+"<command>newgrp</command> cerca anche di inserire il gruppo tra quelli "
+"dell'utente. Se non si tratta di root, all'utente viene chiesta una password "
+"nel caso che il gruppo lo richieda e l'utente non ne abbia (né in <filename>/"
+"etc/shadow</filename> se l'utente è definito anche lì, né in <filename>/etc/"
+"passwd</filename> altrimenti), oppure se l'utente non è elencato tra i "
+"membri del gruppo e il gruppo ha una password. Viene negato l'accesso "
+"all'utente nel caso che la password del gruppo sia vuota e l'utente non ne "
+"faccia parte."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:76
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If there is an entry for this group in <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, "
+#| "then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken "
+#| "from this file, otherwise, the entry in <filename>/etc/group</filename> "
+#| "is considered."
+msgid ""
+"If there is an entry for this group in <_:filename-1/>, then the list of "
+"members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, "
+"otherwise, the entry in <_:filename-2/> is considered."
+msgstr ""
+"Se c'è una voce per questo gruppo nel file <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+"filename>, allora l'elenco dei membri e la password di questo gruppo sono "
+"presi da questo file, altrimenti verrà presa la voce da <filename>/etc/"
+"group</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:130 sg.1.xml.out:119
+msgid "id"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "update and create new users in batch"
+msgstr "aggiorna e crea nuovi utenti in blocco"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>newusers</command> command reads a <replaceable>file</"
+#| "replaceable> (or the standard input by default) and uses this information "
+#| "to update a set of existing users or to create new users. Each line is in "
+#| "the same format as the standard password file (see "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>) with the exceptions explained below:"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a <_:replaceable-2/> (or the standard input "
+"by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or "
+"to create new users. Each line is in the same format as the standard "
+"password file (see <_:citerefentry-3/>) with the exceptions explained below:"
+msgstr ""
+"Il comando <command>newusers</command> legge un <replaceable>file</"
+"replaceable> (o il proprio standard input) e utilizza queste informazioni "
+"per aggiornare l'insieme di utenti già esistenti oppure per crearne di "
+"nuovi. Ogni riga è nello stesso formato del file standard passwd (vedere "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>) con le seguenti eccezioni:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell"
+msgstr "pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:87
+msgid "pw_name"
+msgstr "pw_name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:90
+msgid "This is the name of the user."
+msgstr "Il nome dell'utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:93
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or an "
+#| "user created before by <command>newusers</command>). In case of an "
+#| "existing user, the user's information will be changed, otherwise a new "
+#| "user will be created."
+msgid ""
+"It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>). In case of an existing user, the user's "
+"information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Può essere il nome di un nuovo utente o di uno già esistente (o uno creato "
+"precedentemente da <command>newusers</command>). Nel caso di utente già "
+"esistente le informazioni sull'utente verranno aggiornate, altrimenti verrà "
+"creato un nuovo utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "pw_passwd"
+msgstr "pw_passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:107
+msgid ""
+"This field will be encrypted and used as the new value of the encrypted "
+"password."
+msgstr ""
+"Questo campo verrà cifrato e utilizzato come nuovo valore per la password "
+"cifrata."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "pw_uid"
+msgstr "pw_uid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "This field is used to define the UID of the user."
+msgstr "Definisce l'UID dell'utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:121
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the field is empty, an new (unused) UID will be defined automatically "
+#| "by <command>newusers</command>."
+msgid ""
+"If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by "
+"<_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Se il campo è vuoto, verrà generato automaticamente un nuovo UID (non "
+"utilizzato) da parte di <command>newusers</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "If this field contains a number, this number will be used as the UID."
+msgstr "Se questo campo contiene un numero, verrà utilizzato come UID."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of an "
+#| "user created before by <command>newusers</command>), the UID of the "
+#| "specified user will be used."
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>), the UID of the specified user will be "
+"used."
+msgstr ""
+"Se questo campo contiene il nome di un utente già esistente (o il nome di un "
+"utente creato precedentemente da <command>newusers</command>), verrà "
+"utilizzato l'UID dell'utente specificato."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"If the UID of an existing user is changed, the files ownership of the user's "
+"file should be fixed manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Se viene cambiato l'UID di un utente esistente, la proprietà dei file di "
+"proprietà dell'utente stesso andrà cambiata manualmente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:143
+msgid "pw_gid"
+msgstr "pw_gid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "This field is used to define the primary group ID for the user."
+msgstr "Definisce il l'ID del gruppo primario dell'utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:149
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created "
+#| "before by <command>newusers</command>), the GID of this group will be "
+#| "used as the primary group ID for the user."
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created "
+"before by <_:command-1/>), the GID of this group will be used as the primary "
+"group ID for the user."
+msgstr ""
+"Se questo campo contiene il nome di un gruppo esistente (o un gruppo creato "
+"in precedenza da <command>newusers</command>), verrà utilizzato come ID del "
+"gruppo primario di questo utente il GID del gruppo stesso."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:155
+msgid ""
+"If this field is a number, this number will be used as the primary group ID "
+"of the user. If no groups exist with this GID, a new group will be created "
+"with this GID, and the name of the user."
+msgstr ""
+"Se questo campo è numerico, questo numero verrà utilizzato come ID del "
+"gruppo primario dell'utente. Se non esiste nessun gruppo con quel GID, ne "
+"viene creato uno con il nome dell'utente e il GID specificato."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:161
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the "
+#| "user and a GID will be automatically defined by <command>newusers</"
+#| "command> to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID "
+#| "for the new group."
+msgid ""
+"If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the "
+"user and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-1/> to be used as "
+"the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group."
+msgstr ""
+"Se questo campo è vuoto verrà creato un nuovo gruppo con lo stesso nome "
+"dell'utente e con un GID determinato automaticamente da <command>newusers</"
+"command> da utilizzare come ID del gruppo primario dell'utente e come GID "
+"del nuovo gruppo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:167
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was "
+#| "not created before by <command>newusers</command>), a new group will be "
+#| "created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined "
+#| "by <command>newusers</command> to be used as the primary group ID for the "
+#| "user and GID for the new group."
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>), a new group will be created with the "
+"specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-2/> to "
+"be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group."
+msgstr ""
+"Se questo campo contiene il nome di un gruppo che non esiste (e non è stato "
+"creato precedentemente da <command>newusers</command>), verrà creato un "
+"nuovo gruppo con il nome specificato e un GID determinato automaticamente da "
+"<command>newusers</command> perché sia utilizzato come ID del gruppo "
+"primario dell'utente e come GID per il nuovo gruppo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:179
+msgid "pw_gecos"
+msgstr "pw_gecos"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:182
+msgid "This field is copied in the GECOS field of the user."
+msgstr "Questo campo viene copiato nel campo GECOS dell'utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "pw_dir"
+msgstr "pw_dir"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:192
+msgid "This field is used to define the home directory of the user."
+msgstr "Questo campo è utilizzato per impostare la directory home dell'utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "newusers does not create parent directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified "
+"directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or "
+"updated and its primary group. Note that <_:emphasis-1/> of the new user's "
+"home directory. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory "
+"if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr "
+"informing the user of the failure. The newusers command will not halt or "
+"return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home "
+"directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:208
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the home directory of an existing user is changed, <command>newusers</"
+#| "command> does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the "
+#| "new location. This should be done manually."
+msgid ""
+"If the home directory of an existing user is changed, <_:command-1/> does "
+"not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location. This "
+"should be done manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Se si modifica la directory home di un utente esistente, <command>newusers</"
+"command> non sposta o copia il contenuto della vecchia directory nella "
+"nuova. Questo va fatto manualmente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:218
+msgid "pw_shell"
+msgstr "pw_shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:221
+msgid ""
+"This field defines the shell of the user. No checks are performed on this "
+"field."
+msgstr ""
+"Questo campo definisce la shell dell'utente. Su questo campo non viene fatto "
+"nessun controllo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:229
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>newusers</command> first tries to create or change all the "
+#| "specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group "
+#| "databases. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the "
+#| "databases), no changes are committed to the databases."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> first tries to create or change all the specified users, and "
+"then write these changes to the user or group databases. If an error occurs "
+"(except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to "
+"the databases."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>newusers</command> prova prima a creare o modificare tutti gli "
+"utenti specificati e poi scrive tutte le modifiche sui database utente e "
+"gruppi. Se c'è un errore (eccetto sulla scrittura finale dei database) "
+"nessuna modifica viene scritta sui database."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:235
+msgid ""
+"During this first pass, users are created with a locked password (and "
+"passwords are not changed for the users which are not created). A second "
+"pass is used to update the passwords using PAM. Failures to update a "
+"password are reported, but will not stop the other password updates."
+msgstr ""
+"Durante il primo passaggio gli utenti vengono creati con la password "
+"bloccata (e le password non sono modificate nel caso di utenti che non sono "
+"creati). Un secondo passaggio si occupa di aggiornare tutte le password "
+"usando PAM. I problemi durante l'aggiornamento delle password sono "
+"riportati, ma non interrompono la modifica delle altre password."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:243
+msgid ""
+"This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many "
+"accounts are updated at a single time."
+msgstr ""
+"Questo comando è appositamente pensato per grossi sistemi nei quali molti "
+"account sono aggiornati allo stesso tempo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:257 pwck.8.xml.out:164 useradd.8.xml.out:108
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:89
+msgid "--badname"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:260 pwck.8.xml.out:167 useradd.8.xml.out:111
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "Allow names that do not conform to standards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:290 useradd.8.xml.out:459
+msgid "Create a system account."
+msgstr "Crea un account di sistema."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:297 useradd.8.xml.out:466 usermod.8.xml.out:398
+msgid "SYS_UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:297 useradd.8.xml.out:466 usermod.8.xml.out:398
+msgid "SYS_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:308 useradd.8.xml.out:319
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:468 useradd.8.xml.out:538 usermod.8.xml.out:397
+msgid "UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:308 useradd.8.xml.out:321
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:468 useradd.8.xml.out:543 usermod.8.xml.out:397
+msgid "UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:293 useradd.8.xml.out:462
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "System users will be created with no aging information in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "shadow</filename>, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the "
+#| "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> range, defined "
+#| "in <filename>login.defs</filename>, instead of <option>UID_MIN</option>-"
+#| "<option>UID_MAX</option> (and their <option>GID</option> counterparts for "
+#| "the creation of groups)."
+msgid ""
+"System users will be created with no aging information in <_:filename-1/>, "
+"and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the <_:option-2/>-<_:option-3/> "
+"range, defined in <_:filename-4/>, instead of <_:option-5/>-<_:option-6/> "
+"(and their <_:option-7/> counterparts for the creation of groups)."
+msgstr ""
+"Gli utenti di sistema sono creati senza informazioni riguardo la scadenza "
+"della password in <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> e il loro identificativo "
+"numerico è scelto nell'intervallo <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-"
+"<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> definito nel file <filename>login.defs</"
+"filename>, anziché dell'intervallo <option>UID_MIN</option>-<option>UID_MAX</"
+"option> (e la loro controparte <option>GID</option> per la creazione dei "
+"gruppi)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:349
+msgid ""
+"The input file must be protected since it contains unencrypted passwords."
+msgstr ""
+"Il file di input deve essere protetto poiché contiene password non cifrate."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:429
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/newusers"
+msgstr "/etc/pam.d/newusers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:435 useradd.8.xml.out:222 useradd.8.xml.out:481
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:785 userdel.8.xml.out:215 usermod.8.xml.out:587
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "/etc/subgid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:437 useradd.8.xml.out:787 userdel.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:441 useradd.8.xml.out:222 useradd.8.xml.out:480
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:791 userdel.8.xml.out:221 usermod.8.xml.out:593
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "/etc/subuid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:443 useradd.8.xml.out:793 userdel.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:460 useradd.8.xml.out:906 userdel.8.xml.out:335
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:633
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "subgid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:463 useradd.8.xml.out:909 userdel.8.xml.out:338
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:636
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "subuid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:458 useradd.8.xml.out:904 userdel.8.xml.out:333
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:631
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:30
+msgid "politely refuse a login"
+msgstr "rifiuta gentilmente l'accesso"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:41
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>nologin</command> command displays a message that an account "
+#| "is not available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement "
+#| "shell field for accounts that have been disabled."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command displays a message that an account is not "
+"available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement shell field "
+"for accounts that have been disabled."
+msgstr ""
+"Il comando <command>nologin</command> mostra un messaggio che indica che "
+"l'account non è disponibile ed esce con codice d'errore non zero. È stato "
+"pensato come sostituto del campo shell per account che sono stati "
+"disabilitati."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:46
+msgid "To disable all logins, investigate <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:52
+msgid "SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:51
+msgid "If <_:command-1/> is populated it will be logged."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:69
+msgid "HISTORY"
+msgstr "CRONOLOGIA"
+
+# type: TP
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The <command>nologin</command> command appearred in BSD 4.4."
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command appeared in BSD 4.4."
+msgstr "Il comando <command>nologin</command> è apparso in BSD 4.4."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:48
+msgid "change user password"
+msgstr "cambia la password utente"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:65
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>passwd</command> command changes passwords for user "
+#| "accounts. A normal user may only change the password for their own "
+#| "account, while the superuser may change the password for any account. "
+#| "<command>passwd</command> also changes the account or associated password "
+#| "validity period."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes passwords for user accounts. A normal "
+"user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser "
+"may change the password for any account. <_:command-2/> also changes the "
+"account or associated password validity period."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>passwd</command> cambia la password per account utente. Un utente "
+"normale può solo cambiare la password per il proprio account, mentre il "
+"super utente può cambiarla per qualsiasi account. <command>passwd</command> "
+"modifica anche l'account o il periodo di validità della password associata."
+
+# type: SS
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "Password Changes"
+msgstr "Modifiche delle password"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"The user is first prompted for their old password, if one is present. This "
+"password is then encrypted and compared against the stored password. The "
+"user has only one chance to enter the correct password. The superuser is "
+"permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten passwords may be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"All'utente viene prima chiesta la propria password attuale, se presente. "
+"Questa password viene cifrata e confrontata con quella memorizzata. "
+"All'utente viene data solo una possibilità di inserire la password corretta. "
+"Il super utente salta questo passo in modo da poter modificare password "
+"dimenticate."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:83
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "After the password has been entered, password aging information is "
+#| "checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this "
+#| "time. If not, <command>passwd</command> refuses to change the password "
+#| "and exits."
+msgid ""
+"After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked "
+"to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time. If not, "
+"<_:command-1/> refuses to change the password and exits."
+msgstr ""
+"Dopo che la password è stata inserita, vengono controllati i parametri "
+"dell'invecchiamento delle password per verificare che l'utente possa "
+"modificarla in questo momento. In caso negativo <command>passwd</command> "
+"non fa cambiare la password ed esce."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:90
+msgid ""
+"The user is then prompted twice for a replacement password. The second entry "
+"is compared against the first and both are required to match in order for "
+"the password to be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"All'utente viene quindi chiesto di inserire la nuova password due volte. Le "
+"due password sono confrontate e devono essere uguali affinché la password "
+"venga accettata."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:96
+msgid ""
+"Then, the password is tested for complexity. As a general guideline, "
+"passwords should consist of 6 to 8 characters including one or more "
+"characters from each of the following sets:"
+msgstr ""
+"Quindi viene misurata la complessità della password. In linea di massima le "
+"password dovrebbero contenere dai 6 agli 8 caratteri, includendovi uno o più "
+"caratteri da ciascuno dei seguenti insiemi:"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "lower case alphabetics"
+msgstr "lettere minuscole"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:107
+msgid "digits 0 thru 9"
+msgstr "numeri da 0 a 9"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "punctuation marks"
+msgstr "segni di punteggiatura"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:114
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill "
+#| "characters. <command>passwd</command> will reject any password which is "
+#| "not suitably complex."
+msgid ""
+"Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill "
+"characters. <_:command-1/> will reject any password which is not suitably "
+"complex."
+msgstr ""
+"Si deve fare attenzione a non inserire il carattere di cancellazione o di "
+"kill (azzeramento della riga). <command>passwd</command> non accetta "
+"password non sufficientemente complesse."
+
+# type: SS
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "Hints for user passwords"
+msgstr "Suggerimenti per password utente"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:127
+msgid "UNIX"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:124
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption "
+#| "algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy <emphasis>UNIX</"
+#| "emphasis> System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm. "
+#| "More recent methods are now recommended (see <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</"
+#| "option>). The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the "
+#| "password which is selected."
+msgid ""
+"The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption "
+"algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy <_:emphasis-1/> System "
+"encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm. More recent methods are "
+"now recommended (see <_:option-2/>). The size of the key space depends upon "
+"the randomness of the password which is selected."
+msgstr ""
+"La sicurezza di una password dipende dalla forza dell'algoritmo e dalla "
+"dimensione della chiave utilizzata. Il metodo originale di cifratura del "
+"sistema <emphasis>UNIX</emphasis> si basa sull'algoritmo NBS DES. Adesso "
+"sono da preferisi metodi di cifratura più recenti (vedere "
+"<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option>). La dimensione della chiave dipende "
+"dall'aleatorietà della password indicata."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"Compromises in password security normally result from careless password "
+"selection or handling. For this reason, you should not select a password "
+"which appears in a dictionary or which must be written down. The password "
+"should also not be a proper name, your license number, birth date, or street "
+"address. Any of these may be used as guesses to violate system security."
+msgstr ""
+"La compromissione di una password avviene normalmente a seguito di incuria "
+"nella scelta o nella gestione della password. Per questo motivo non si "
+"devono utilizzare password che appaiono nei dizionari o che devono essere "
+"scritte. La password non deve essere uno nome proprio, il numero della "
+"patente, la data di nascita o l'indirizzo. Uno qualunque di questi potrebbe "
+"essere indovinato per violare la sicurezza del sistema."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:142
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You can find advices on how to choose a strong password on http://en."
+#| "wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"
+msgid ""
+"You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en."
+"wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"
+msgstr ""
+"Si possono trovare indicazioni su come scegliere una password forte su "
+"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:160
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option can be used only with <option>-S</option> and causes show "
+#| "status for all users."
+msgid ""
+"This option can be used only with <_:option-1/> and causes show status for "
+"all users."
+msgstr ""
+"Questa opzione può essere utilizzata solo con <option>-S</option> e mostra "
+"lo stato per ogni utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:171
+msgid ""
+"Delete a user's password (make it empty). This is a quick way to disable a "
+"password for an account. It will set the named account passwordless."
+msgstr ""
+"Cancella la password utente (la rende vuota). Questo è un metodo veloce per "
+"disabilitare la password per l'account. Imposta l'account indicato come "
+"senza password."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:180
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "expiry"
+msgid "--expire"
+msgstr "expiry"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"Immediately expire an account's password. This in effect can force a user to "
+"change their password at the user's next login."
+msgstr ""
+"Fa scadere subito la password dell'utente. Il che ha l'effetto di forzare un "
+"cambio password al successivo accesso da parte dell'utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:200
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is used to disable an account after the password has been "
+#| "expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired "
+#| "password for <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> days, the user may no "
+#| "longer sign on to the account."
+msgid ""
+"This option is used to disable an account after the password has been "
+"expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired "
+"password for <_:replaceable-1/> days, the user may no longer sign on to the "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"Questa opzione viene utilizzata per disabilitare un account dopo che la "
+"password è scaduta da un certo numero di giorni. Dopo che un account ha una "
+"password che è scaduta da <replaceable>INATTIVO</replaceable> giorni, "
+"l'utente non può più accedere con l'account."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:210 useradd.8.xml.out:278 useradd.8.xml.out:356
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-k"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:210
+msgid "--keep-tokens"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:213
+msgid ""
+"Indicate password change should be performed only for expired authentication "
+"tokens (passwords). The user wishes to keep their non-expired tokens as "
+"before."
+msgstr ""
+"Indica che il cambio password va effettuato solo per i token (password) di "
+"autenticazione scaduti. L'utente vuole mantenere inalterati i token non "
+"scaduti."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:222 usermod.8.xml.out:231
+msgid "--lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:225
+msgid ""
+"Lock the password of the named account. This option disables a password by "
+"changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it adds a "
+"´!´ at the beginning of the password)."
+msgstr ""
+"Blocca la password dell'account indicato. Questa opzione disabilita una "
+"password modificandola in modo che non corrisponda a nessun valore cifrato "
+"(aggiunge un «!» all'inizio della password)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:235
+msgid "usermod --expiredate 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:231
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that this does not disable the account. The user may still be able "
+#| "to login using another authentication token (e.g. an SSH key). To disable "
+#| "the account, administrators should use <command>usermod --expiredate 1</"
+#| "command> (this set the account's expire date to Jan 2, 1970)."
+msgid ""
+"Note that this does not disable the account. The user may still be able to "
+"login using another authentication token (e.g. an SSH key). To disable the "
+"account, administrators should use <_:command-1/> (this set the account's "
+"expire date to Jan 2, 1970)."
+msgstr ""
+"Notare che questo non disabilita l'account. L'utente può sempre accedere al "
+"sistema tramite altri token di autenticazione (ad esempio una chiave SSH). "
+"Per disabilitare l'account l'amministratore deve usare <command>usermod --"
+"expiredate 1</command> (che imposta la data di scadenza al 2 gennaio 1970)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:238
+msgid "Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their password."
+msgstr "Gli utenti con password bloccata non la possono cambiare."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:258 pwck.8.xml.out:179 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-q"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:258 pwck.8.xml.out:179 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "--quiet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:261 vipw.8.xml.out:110
+msgid "Quiet mode."
+msgstr "Modalità silenziosa."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268
+msgid "--repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268 passwd.1.xml.out:272
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "EDITOR"
+msgid "REPOSITORY"
+msgstr "EDITOR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:271
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "change password in <replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable> repository"
+msgid "change password in <_:replaceable-1/> repository"
+msgstr ""
+"cambia la password nel repository <replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:291
+msgid "--status"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:294
+msgid ""
+"Display account status information. The status information consists of 7 "
+"fields. The first field is the user's login name. The second field indicates "
+"if the user account has a locked password (L), has no password (NP), or has "
+"a usable password (P). The third field gives the date of the last password "
+"change. The next four fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning "
+"period, and inactivity period for the password. These ages are expressed in "
+"days."
+msgstr ""
+"Visualizza le informazioni sullo stato di un account. Lo stato consiste di 7 "
+"campi. Il primo campo è il nome dell'utente. Il secondo campo indica se "
+"l'account ha una password bloccata (L), non ha password (NP) o ha una "
+"password valida (P). Il terzo campo contiene la data di ultima modifica "
+"della password. I successivi quattro campi sono l'età minima, la massima, il "
+"periodo di avviso e quello di inattività. Queste età sono espresse in giorni."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:309 usermod.8.xml.out:405
+msgid "--unlock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:312
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Unlock the password of the named account. This option re-enables a "
+#| "password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the "
+#| "value before using the <option>-l</option> option)."
+msgid ""
+"Unlock the password of the named account. This option re-enables a password "
+"by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before "
+"using the <_:option-1/> option)."
+msgstr ""
+"Sblocca la password dell'account indicato. Questa opzione riabilita la "
+"password riportandola al suo valore precedente (il valore che c'era prima di "
+"usare l'opzione <option>-l</option>)."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:325
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. "
+#| "The <replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable> option is the number of days "
+#| "prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their "
+#| "password is about to expire."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The "
+"<_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password "
+"expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"Imposta il numero di giorni di preavviso prima che sia obbligatorio cambiare "
+"la password. L'opzione <replaceable>AVVISO_GIORNI</replaceable> indica il "
+"numero di giorni precedenti alla scadenza della password durante i quali "
+"l'utente viene avvertito dell'imminente scadenza."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-x"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:338
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>, the password is required to be "
+#| "changed."
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>, the password is required to be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"Imposta il massimo numero di giorni che una password rimane valida. Dopo "
+"<replaceable>MAX_GIORNI</replaceable> viene richiesto di cambiare la "
+"password."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:355
+msgid ""
+"Password complexity checking may vary from site to site. The user is urged "
+"to select a password as complex as he or she feels comfortable with."
+msgstr ""
+"Il controllo della complessità delle password varia da sistema a sistema. "
+"All'utente è caldamente consigliato si utilizzare una password che ritenga "
+"sufficientemente complessa."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:360
+msgid ""
+"Users may not be able to change their password on a system if NIS is enabled "
+"and they are not logged into the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+"Gli utenti possono non essere in grado di cambiare la propria password se "
+"NIS è abilitato ed essi non sono collegati al server NIS."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:365
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>passwd</command> uses PAM to authenticate users and to change "
+#| "their passwords."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> uses PAM to authenticate users and to change their passwords."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>passwd</command> utilizza PAM per autenticare gli utenti e per "
+"cambiare le loro password."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:411
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/passwd"
+msgstr "/etc/pam.d/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:439
+msgid "invalid combination of options"
+msgstr "combinazione di opzioni non valida"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:445
+msgid "unexpected failure, nothing done"
+msgstr "errore non previsto, nulla di fatto"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:451
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "unexpected failure, <filename>passwd</filename> file missing"
+msgid "unexpected failure, <_:filename-1/> file missing"
+msgstr "errore non previsto, file <filename>passwd</filename> mancante"
+
+# type: TP
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:457
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<filename>passwd</filename> file busy, try again"
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> file busy, try again"
+msgstr "file <filename>passwd</filename> occupato, provare di nuovo"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:472
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:phrase-4/> "
+"<_:citerefentry-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "the password file"
+msgstr "il file delle password"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:49 shadow.5.xml.out:59
+msgid ":"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> contains one line for each user account, "
+#| "with seven fields delimited by colons (<quote>:</quote>). These fields "
+#| "are:"
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> contains one line for each user account, with seven fields "
+"delimited by colons (<_:quote-2/>). These fields are:"
+msgstr ""
+"<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> contiene una riga per ogni account, con "
+"sette campi delimitati da due punti (<quote>:</quote>). Questi campi sono:"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:54 shadow.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "login name"
+msgstr "nome di login"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:57
+msgid "optional encrypted password"
+msgstr "password cifrata opzionale"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "numerical user ID"
+msgstr "ID utente numerico"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "numerical group ID"
+msgstr "ID gruppo numerico"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "user name or comment field"
+msgstr "nome utente o commento"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:69
+msgid "user home directory"
+msgstr "directory home utente"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "optional user command interpreter"
+msgstr "interprete dei comandi utente opzionale"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:78
+msgid "x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "must"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:emphasis-1/> field is a lower-case <_:quote-2/>, then the "
+"encrypted password is actually stored in the <_:citerefentry-3/> file "
+"instead; there <_:emphasis-4/> be a corresponding line in the <_:filename-5/"
+"> file, or else the user account is invalid."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:90
+msgid "any"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to "
+#| "authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications "
+#| "which read the <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file may decide not to "
+#| "permit any access at all if the password field is empty."
+msgid ""
+"The encrypted <_:emphasis-1/> field may be empty, in which case no password "
+"is required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some "
+"applications which read the <_:filename-2/> file may decide not to permit <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> access at all if the <_:emphasis-4/> field is blank."
+msgstr ""
+"Questo campo può essere vuoto, nel qual caso nessuna password è richiesta "
+"per l'autenticazione di questo specifico nome di login. Tuttavia alcune "
+"applicazioni che leggono <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> possono decidere "
+"di non permettere nessun accesso se il campo password è vuoto."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A password field which starts with a exclamation mark means that the "
+#| "password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the "
+#| "password field before the password was locked."
+msgid ""
+"A <_:emphasis-1/> field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the "
+"password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> field before the password was locked."
+msgstr ""
+"Se il campo password inizia con un punto esclamativo vuol dire che la "
+"password è bloccata. I restanti caratteri del campo sono il contenuto del "
+"campo password prima che venisse bloccata."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:107 shadow.5.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able "
+#| "to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by "
+#| "other means)."
+msgid ""
+"If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a "
+"unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)."
+msgstr ""
+"Se il campo password contiene un testo che non è un risultato valido di "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>, come ad esempio ! o *, l'utente non potrà accedere al sistema "
+"utilizzando la password unix (ma potrà accedere al sistema in altri modi)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system "
+"utilities, such as <_:citerefentry-1/>. The use of an ampersand here will be "
+"replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed "
+"by such system utilities."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:123
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The home directory field provides the name of the initial working "
+#| "directory. The <command>login</command> program uses this information to "
+#| "set the value of the <envar>$HOME</envar> environmental variable."
+msgid ""
+"The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory. "
+"The <_:command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:"
+"envar-2/> environmental variable."
+msgstr ""
+"Il campo directory home fornisce il nome della directory di lavoro iniziale. "
+"Il programma <command>login</command> usa questa informazione per impostare "
+"il valore della variabile d'ambiente <envar>$HOME</envar>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:134 sg.1.xml.out:61 su.1.xml.out:190
+msgid "/bin/sh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command "
+#| "language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The "
+#| "<command>login</command> program uses this information to set the value "
+#| "of the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environmental variable. If this field is "
+#| "empty, it defaults to the value <filename>/bin/sh</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command "
+"language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The <_:"
+"command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:envar-2/"
+"> environmental variable. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value "
+"<_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Il campo interprete dei comandi fornisce il nome dell'interprete del "
+"linguaggio utente, o il nome del programma da invocare inizialmente. Il "
+"programma <command>login</command> utilizza questa informazione per "
+"impostare il valore della variabile d'ambiente <envar>$SHELL</envar>. Se "
+"questo campo è vuoto, il valore predefinito è <filename>/bin/sh</filename>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:150
+msgid "optional encrypted password file"
+msgstr "file opzionale delle password cifrate"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:154
+msgid "/etc/passwd-"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:156
+msgid "Backup file for /etc/passwd."
+msgstr "Copia di backup di /etc/passwd."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:157 shadow.5.xml.out:249
+msgid ""
+"Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by "
+"all user and password management tools."
+msgstr ""
+"Notare che questo file viene usato dagli strumenti del pacchetto shadow, ma "
+"non da tutti gli strumenti per la gestione di utenti e password."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:173
+msgid "getent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:176
+msgid "getpwnam"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:168
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-10/>, <_:citerefentry-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:33 porttime.5.xml.out:40 porttime.5.xml.out:47
+msgid "porttime"
+msgstr "porttime"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "port access time file"
+msgstr "file delle porte e degli orari d'accesso"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis remap=\"I\">porttime</emphasis> contains a list of tty devices, "
+#| "user names, and permitted login times."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted "
+"login times."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">porttime</emphasis> contiene un elenco di device tty, "
+"nomi utente e orari di accesso permessi."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:51
+msgid ""
+"Each entry consists of three colon separated fields. The first field is a "
+"comma separated list of tty devices, or an asterisk to indicate that all tty "
+"devices are matched by this entry. The second field is a comma separated "
+"list of user names, or an asterisk to indicated that all user names are "
+"matched by this entry. The third field is a comma separated list of "
+"permitted access times."
+msgstr ""
+"Ciascuna voce è composta da tre campi separati da due punti. Il primo è un "
+"elenco di device tty, separati da virgole, oppure un asterisco per indicare "
+"che la voce corrisponde a qualsiasi device. Il secondo campo è un elenco di "
+"nomi utente, separati da virgole, oppure un asterisco per indicare che la "
+"voce corrisponde ad ogni utente. Il terzo campo è un elenco degli orari, "
+"separati da virgole, in cui è consentito l'accesso."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:62
+msgid "Su"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:62
+msgid "Mo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "Tu"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "We"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "Th"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "Fr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:65
+msgid "Sa"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "Wk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:67 porttime.5.xml.out:68
+msgid "Al"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:60
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, "
+#| "abbreviated <emphasis>Su</emphasis>, <emphasis>Mo</emphasis>, "
+#| "<emphasis>Tu</emphasis>, <emphasis>We</emphasis>, <emphasis>Th</"
+#| "emphasis>, <emphasis>Fr</emphasis>, and <emphasis>Sa</emphasis>, followed "
+#| "by a pair of times separated by a hyphen. The abbreviation <emphasis>Wk</"
+#| "emphasis> may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and <emphasis>Al</"
+#| "emphasis> may be used to indicate every day. If no days are given, "
+#| "<emphasis>Al</emphasis> is assumed."
+msgid ""
+"Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, "
+"abbreviated <_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/"
+">, <_:emphasis-5/>, <_:emphasis-6/>, and <_:emphasis-7/>, followed by a pair "
+"of times separated by a hyphen. The abbreviation <_:emphasis-8/> may be used "
+"to represent Monday thru Friday, and <_:emphasis-9/> may be used to indicate "
+"every day. If no days are given, <_:emphasis-10/> is assumed."
+msgstr ""
+"Un orario di accesso consiste in zero o più giorni della settimana "
+"abbreviati in <emphasis>Mo</emphasis> (lunedì), <emphasis>Tu</emphasis>, "
+"<emphasis>We</emphasis>, <emphasis>Th</emphasis>, <emphasis>Fr</emphasis>, "
+"<emphasis>Sa</emphasis> e <emphasis>Su</emphasis> (domenica), seguiti da una "
+"coppia di orari, separati da un trattino. L'abbreviazione <emphasis>Wk</"
+"emphasis> rappresenta tutti i giorni da lunedì a venerdì, mentre "
+"<emphasis>Al</emphasis> indica tutti i giorni della settimana. Se non si "
+"specifica alcun giorno, viene usato implicitamente <emphasis>Al</emphasis>."
+
+# type: SH
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:74
+msgid "EXAMPLES"
+msgstr "ESEMPI"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:77
+msgid "jfh"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following entry allows access to user <emphasis remap=\"B\">jfh</"
+#| "emphasis> on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm."
+msgid ""
+"The following entry allows access to user <_:emphasis-1/> on every port "
+"during weekdays from 9am to 5pm."
+msgstr ""
+"La voce seguente permette l'accesso all'utente <emphasis remap=\"B\">jfh</"
+"emphasis> da qualsiasi porta durante i giorni lavorativi dalle 9 alle 17."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700"
+msgstr "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "oper"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:86
+msgid "/dev/console"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:83
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following entries allow access only to the users <emphasis>root</"
+#| "emphasis> and <emphasis>oper</emphasis> on <filename>/dev/console</"
+#| "filename> at any time. This illustrates how the <filename>/etc/porttime</"
+#| "filename> file is an ordered list of access times. Any other user would "
+#| "match the second entry which does not permit access at any time."
+msgid ""
+"The following entries allow access only to the users <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> on <_:filename-3/> at any time. This illustrates how the <_:"
+"filename-4/> file is an ordered list of access times. Any other user would "
+"match the second entry which does not permit access at any time."
+msgstr ""
+"Le voci seguenti permettono l'accesso solo agli utenti <emphasis>root</"
+"emphasis> e <emphasis>oper</emphasis> da <filename>/dev/console</filename> a "
+"qualsiasi ora. Qui viene mostrato come il file <filename>/etc/porttime</"
+"filename> sia una lista ordinata di orari d'accesso: ogni altro utente "
+"corrisponderebbe alla seconda voce, che impedisce l'accesso in qualsiasi "
+"orario."
+
+# type: Plain text
+# no-wrap
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      console:root,oper:Al0000-2400\n"
+#| "      console:*:\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "console:root,oper:Al0000-2400 console:*:"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      console:root,oper:Al0000-2400\n"
+"      console:*:\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:99
+msgid "games"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:97
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following entry allows access for the user <emphasis>games</emphasis> "
+#| "on any port during non-working hours."
+msgid ""
+"The following entry allows access for the user <_:emphasis-1/> on any port "
+"during non-working hours."
+msgstr ""
+"La voce seguente permette l'accesso all'utente <emphasis>games</emphasis> da "
+"qualsiasi porta durante gli orari non lavorativi."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:102
+msgid "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400"
+msgstr "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:48
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "verify integrity of password files"
+msgid "verify the integrity of password files"
+msgstr "verifica l'integrità dei file delle password"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "PASSWORDFILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:61 pwck.8.xml.out:106
+msgid "SHADOWFILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:75 pwck.8.xml.out:226
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/motd"
+msgid "/etc/tcb"
+msgstr "/etc/motd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>, when <_:option-2/> is enabled)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>grpck</command> command verifies the integrity of the groups "
+#| "information. It checks that all entries in <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#| "filename></phrase> have the proper format and contain valid data. The "
+#| "user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which "
+#| "have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the users and "
+"authentication information. It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> "
+"and <_:filename-3/> <_:phrase-4/> have the proper format and contain valid "
+"data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted "
+"or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgstr ""
+"Il comando <command>grpck</command> verifica l'integrità delle informazioni "
+"sui gruppi. Ogni voce in <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase "
+"condition=\"gshadow\"> e in <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase> viene "
+"controllata per verificare che abbia il formato corretto e dati validi. "
+"Viene richiesto all'utente di rimuovere le voci che non hanno un formato "
+"appropriato o che presentano altri errori impossibili da correggere."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:88
+msgid "a unique and valid user name"
+msgstr "un nome utente univoco e valido"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:91
+msgid "a valid user and group identifier"
+msgstr "identificatori validi dell'utente e del gruppo"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "a valid primary group"
+msgstr "un gruppo primario valido"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:97
+msgid "a valid home directory"
+msgstr "una home directory valida"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:100
+msgid "a valid login shell"
+msgstr "una shell di login valida"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:104
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>shadow</filename> checks are enabled when a second file "
+#| "parameter is specified or when <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> exists on "
+#| "the system."
+msgid ""
+"Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file "
+"parameter <_:replaceable-1/> is specified or when <_:filename-2/> exists on "
+"the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Le verifiche sul file <filename>shadow</filename> sono abilitate ogni volta "
+"che si usa un secondo argomento o quanto esiste nel sistema il file "
+"<filename>/etc/shadow</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:109
+msgid "These checks are the following:"
+msgstr "Le verifiche sono le seguenti:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"every passwd entry has a matching shadow entry, and every shadow entry has a "
+"matching passwd entry"
+msgstr ""
+"ogni elemento del file passwd deve avere un corrispondente elemento in "
+"shadow, e viceversa"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "passwords are specified in the shadowed file"
+msgstr "le password sono specificate nel file shadow"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:123
+msgid "shadow entries have the correct number of fields"
+msgstr "gli elementi di shadow hanno il corretto numero di campi"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "shadow entries are unique in shadow"
+msgstr "gli elementi di shadow sono unici"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "the last password changes are not in the future"
+msgstr "le date di ultima modifica non sono nel futuro"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal. "
+#| "If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to "
+#| "delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all "
+#| "further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated user name is "
+#| "prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All "
+#| "other errors are warning and the user is encouraged to run the "
+#| "<command>usermod</command> command to correct the error."
+msgid ""
+"The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal. If "
+"the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to "
+"delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all "
+"further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated user name is "
+"prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All "
+"other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/"
+"> command to correct the error."
+msgstr ""
+"Gli errori nelle verifiche sul corretto numero di campi e sull'univocità del "
+"nome utente sono irrimediabili. Se una voce ha un numero errato di campi, "
+"all'utente viene chiesto di cancellare l'intera riga; se l'utente non "
+"risponde affermativamente, vengono omessi tutti gli ulteriori controlli. "
+"Viene richiesta la cancellazione anche per le voci aventi il nome utente "
+"duplicato, ma i rimanenti controlli vengono ugualmente effettuati. Tutti gli "
+"altri errori non sono gravi e l'utente è invitato a eseguire il comando "
+"<command>usermod</command> per correggerli."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:144
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The commands which operate on the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file "
+#| "are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <command>pwck</"
+#| "command> should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending "
+#| "entry."
+msgid ""
+"The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> file are not able to alter "
+"corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-2/> should be used in those "
+"circumstances to remove the offending entry."
+msgstr ""
+"I comandi che operano sul file <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> non sono in "
+"grado di modificare voci corrotte o duplicate; in tali circostanze va usato "
+"<command>pwck</command> per rimuovere la voce scorretta."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:181
+msgid ""
+"Report errors only. The warnings which do not require any action from the "
+"user won't be displayed."
+msgstr ""
+"Riporta solo gli errori. Gli avvisi che non richiedono azioni da parte "
+"dell'utente non sono mostrati."
+
+# type: TP
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:190
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Execute the <command>pwck</command> command in read-only mode."
+msgid "Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode."
+msgstr "Esegue il comando <command>pwck</command> in sola lettura."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Sort entries in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/"
+#| "shadow</filename> by UID."
+msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> by UID."
+msgstr ""
+"Ordina gli elementi di <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> e <filename>/etc/"
+"shadow</filename> per UID."
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:215
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "This option has no effect when <option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled."
+msgid "This option has no effect when <_:option-1/> is enabled."
+msgstr ""
+"Questa opzione non ha nessun effetto se <option>USE_TCB</option> è abilitato."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:225
+msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:222
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, <command>pwck</command> operates on the files <filename>/etc/"
+#| "passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\"> (or the files in <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>)</"
+#| "phrase>. The user may select alternate files with the "
+#| "<replaceable>passwd</replaceable> and <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> "
+#| "parameters."
+msgid ""
+"By default, <_:command-1/> operates on the files <_:filename-2/> and <_:"
+"filename-3/><_:phrase-4/>. The user may select alternate files with the <_:"
+"replaceable-5/> and <_:replaceable-6/> parameters."
+msgstr ""
+"Come impostazione predefinita, <command>pwck</command> opera sui file "
+"<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> e in <filename>/etc/shadow</"
+"filename><phrase condition=\"tcb\"> (o i file in <filename>/etc/tcb</"
+"filename>)</phrase>. L'utente può selezionare file alternativi con i "
+"parametri <replaceable>passwd</replaceable> e <replaceable>shadow</"
+"replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:231
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that when <option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled, you cannot specify an "
+#| "alternative <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> file. In future releases, "
+#| "this paramater could be replaced by an alternate TCB directory."
+msgid ""
+"Note that when <_:option-1/> is enabled, you cannot specify an alternative "
+"<_:replaceable-2/> file. In future releases, this parameter could be "
+"replaced by an alternate TCB directory."
+msgstr ""
+"Notare che quando <option>USE_TCB</option> è abilitata, non si può "
+"specificare un file <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> alternativo. In future "
+"versioni questo parametro potrebbe essere sostituito da una directory TCB "
+"alternativa."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:301
+msgid "one or more bad password entries"
+msgstr "una o più voci di password conengono errori"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:307
+msgid "can't open password files"
+msgstr "impossibile aprire i file delle password"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:313
+msgid "can't lock password files"
+msgstr "impossibile fare il lock dei file delle password"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:319
+msgid "can't update password files"
+msgstr "impossibile aggiornare i file delle password"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:325
+msgid "can't sort password files"
+msgstr "impossibile ordinare i file delle password"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:50
+msgid "convert to and from shadow passwords and groups"
+msgstr "convertono a e da password e gruppi shadow."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:82 pwconv.8.xml.out:112
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>pwconv</command> command creates <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</"
+#| "emphasis> and an optionally existing <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</"
+#| "emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:emphasis-2/> from <_:emphasis-3/> and "
+"an optionally existing <_:emphasis-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>pwconv</command> crea <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> da "
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</emphasis> e da un eventuale preesistente "
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:93 pwconv.8.xml.out:251
+msgid "tcb_convert"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>pwconv</command> does not work with <option>USE_TCB</option> "
+#| "enabled. To convert to tcb passwords, you should first use "
+#| "<command>pwconv</command> to convert to shadowed passwords by disabling "
+#| "<option>USE_TCB</option> in <filename>login.defs</filename> and then "
+#| "convert to tcb password using <command>tcb_convert</command> (and re-"
+#| "enable <option>USE_TCB</option> in <filename>login.defs</filename>.)"
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. To convert to tcb "
+"passwords, you should first use <_:command-3/> to convert to shadowed "
+"passwords by disabling <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> and then convert to "
+"tcb password using <_:command-6/> (and re-enable <_:option-7/> in <_:"
+"filename-8/>.)"
+msgstr ""
+"<command>pwconv</command> non funziona se <option>USE_TCB</option> è attivo. "
+"Per convertire a password tcb si deve prima usare <command>pwconv</command> "
+"per convertire a password shadow disabilitando <option>USE_TCB</option> nel "
+"file <filename>login.defs</filename> e poi convertire a password tcb usando "
+"<command>tcb_convert</command> (e riabilitando <option>USE_TCB</option> in "
+"<filename>login.defs</filename>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:97 pwconv.8.xml.out:118
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:emphasis-2/> from <_:emphasis-3/> and "
+"<_:emphasis-4/> and then removes <_:emphasis-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:106 pwconv.8.xml.out:254
+msgid "tcb_unconvert"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:103
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>pwunconv</command> does not work with <option>USE_TCB</option> "
+#| "enabled. You should first switch back from tcb to shadowed passwords "
+#| "using <command>tcb_unconvert</command>, and then disable <option>USE_TCB</"
+#| "option> in <filename>login.defs</filename> before using "
+#| "<command>pwunconv</command>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. You should first "
+"switch back from tcb to shadowed passwords using <_:command-3/>, and then "
+"disable <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> before using <_:command-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>pwunconv</command> non funziona con <option>USE_TCB</option> "
+"abilitato. Si deve prima ritornare da tcb a password shadow usando "
+"<command>tcb_unconvert</command> e poi disabilitare <option>USE_TCB</option> "
+"in <filename>login.defs</filename> prima di usare <command>pwunconv</"
+"command>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:125
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and "
+#| "group files: <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>, <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>, and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group "
+"files: <_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>, <_:filename-3/>, and <_:filename-4/"
+">."
+msgstr ""
+"Questi quattro programmi agiscono tutti sui file normali e oscurati (shadow) "
+"delle password e dei gruppi: <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>, <filename>/"
+"etc/group</filename>, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> e <filename>/etc/"
+"gshadow</filename>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:132
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. "
+#| "<command>pwconv</command> and <command>grpconv</command> are similar. "
+#| "First, entries in the shadowed file which don't exist in the main file "
+#| "are removed. Then, shadowed entries which don't have `x' as the password "
+#| "in the main file are updated. Any missing shadowed entries are added. "
+#| "Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x'. These programs "
+#| "can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if "
+#| "the main file is edited by hand."
+msgid ""
+"Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. <_:command-1/> "
+"and <_:command-2/> are similar. First, entries in the shadowed file which "
+"don't exist in the main file are removed. Then, shadowed entries which don't "
+"have `x' as the password in the main file are updated. Any missing shadowed "
+"entries are added. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with "
+"`x'. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the "
+"shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand."
+msgstr ""
+"Ciascun programma, prima della conversione, acquisisce i lock necessari. "
+"<command>pwconv</command> e <command>grpconv</command> sono simili. Per "
+"prima cosa vengono rimosse le voci nel file shadow che non esistono nel file "
+"principale. Quindi vengono aggiornate le voci oscurate che non hanno «x» "
+"come password nel file principale. Vengono aggiunte le eventuali voci "
+"oscurate mancanti.  Infine, le password nel file principale vengono "
+"sostituite con «x». Questi programmi possono essere usati per le conversioni "
+"iniziali così come per aggiornare il file oscurato se il file principale "
+"viene modificato a mano."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:143
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will use the values of <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and "
+"<_:emphasis-4/> from <_:filename-5/> when adding new entries to <_:"
+"filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Likewise <command>pwunconv</command> and <command>grpunconv</command> are "
+#| "similar. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file. "
+#| "Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are "
+#| "left alone. Finally, the shadowed file is removed. Some password aging "
+#| "information is lost by <command>pwunconv</command>. It will convert what "
+#| "it can."
+msgid ""
+"Likewise <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> are similar. Passwords in the "
+"main file are updated from the shadowed file. Entries which exist in the "
+"main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone. Finally, the shadowed "
+"file is removed. Some password aging information is lost by <_:command-3/>. "
+"It will convert what it can."
+msgstr ""
+"Analogamente, <command>pwunconv</command> e <command>grpunconv</command> "
+"sono simili. Le password nel file principale vengono aggiornate dal file "
+"shadow. Voci che esistono nel file principale ma non nel file shadow vengono "
+"lasciate stare. Infine, viene rimosso il file shadow. Alcune informazioni "
+"sull'invecchiamento delle password vengono perse da <command>pwunconv</"
+"command>. Convertirà solo quello che potrà."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:164
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The options which apply to the <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</"
+#| "command> commands are:"
+msgid ""
+"The options which apply to the <_:command-1/>, <_:command-2/>, <_:command-3/"
+">, and <_:command-4/> commands are:"
+msgstr ""
+"Le opzioni per i comandi <command>vipw</command> e <command>vigr</command> "
+"sono:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:194
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate "
+#| "entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other "
+#| "strange ways. Please run <command>pwck</command> and <command>grpck</"
+#| "command> to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow "
+#| "passwords or groups."
+msgid ""
+"Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) "
+"may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways. "
+"Please run <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> to correct any such errors "
+"before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups."
+msgstr ""
+"Errori nel file delle password o dei gruppi (come elementi non validi o "
+"duplicati) possono causare dei cicli infiniti in questi programmi, oppure "
+"degli errori non prevedibili. Eseguire <command>pwck</command> e "
+"<command>grpck</command> per correggere ogni eventuale errore prima di "
+"convertire da o verso password o gruppi shadow."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename> change the behavior of <command>pwconv</command>:"
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variable in <_:filename-1/> changes the behavior "
+"of <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/>:"
+msgstr ""
+"Le seguenti variabili di configurazione in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename> influenzano il comportamento di <command>pwconv</command>:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:213
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename> change the behavior of <command>pwconv</command>:"
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior "
+"of <_:command-2/>:"
+msgstr ""
+"Le seguenti variabili di configurazione in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename> influenzano il comportamento di <command>pwconv</command>:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:249
+msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:240
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/><_:phrase-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:35
+msgid "Library Calls"
+msgstr "Chiamate di libreria"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:41 shadow.3.xml.out:160
+msgid "getspnam"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:42
+msgid "encrypted password file routines"
+msgstr "routine per file delle password cifrate"
+
+# type: SH
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:46
+msgid "SYNTAX"
+msgstr "SINTASSI"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:48
+msgid "#include &lt;shadow.h&gt;"
+msgstr "#include &lt;shadow.h&gt;"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:52
+msgid "struct spwd *getspent();"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspent();"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:56
+msgid "struct spwd *getspnam(char"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspnam(char"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:57
+msgid "*name"
+msgstr "*nome"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:57 shadow.3.xml.out:70 shadow.3.xml.out:75
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:81
+msgid ");"
+msgstr ");"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:61
+msgid "void setspent();"
+msgstr "void setspent();"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:65
+msgid "void endspent();"
+msgstr "void endspent();"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:69
+msgid "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE"
+msgstr "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:70 shadow.3.xml.out:81
+msgid "*fp"
+msgstr "*fp"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:74
+msgid "struct spwd *sgetspent(char"
+msgstr "struct spwd *sgetspent(char"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:75
+msgid "*cp"
+msgstr "*cp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:79
+msgid "int putspent(struct spwd"
+msgstr "int putspent(struct spwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:80
+msgid "*p,"
+msgstr "*p,"
+
+# type: SH
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:80
+msgid "FILE"
+msgstr "FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:85
+msgid "int lckpwdf();"
+msgstr "int lckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:89
+msgid "int ulckpwdf();"
+msgstr "int ulckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:98
+msgid "#include"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:95
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> manipulates the contents of the "
+#| "shadow password file, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. The structure in "
+#| "the <emphasis remap=\"I\">#include</emphasis> file is:"
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> manipulates the contents of the shadow password file, <_:"
+"filename-2/>. The structure in the <_:emphasis-3/> file is:"
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> manipola il contenuto del file delle "
+"password shadow, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. La struttura nel file "
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">#include</emphasis> è la seguente:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:100
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "struct spwd {\n"
+#| "      char\t\t*sp_namp; /* user login name */\n"
+#| "      char\t\t*sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_lstchg; /* last password change */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_min; /* days until change allowed. */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_max; /* days before change required */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_inact; /* days before account inactive */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_expire; /* date when account expires */\n"
+#| "      unsigned long int\tsp_flag; /* reserved for future use */\n"
+#| "}\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid ""
+"struct spwd { char *sp_namp; /* user login name */ char *sp_pwdp; /* "
+"encrypted password */ long int sp_lstchg; /* last password change */ long "
+"int sp_min; /* days until change allowed. */ long int sp_max; /* days before "
+"change required */ long int sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */ long "
+"int sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */ long int sp_expire; /* date "
+"when account expires */ unsigned long int sp_flag; /* reserved for future "
+"use */ }"
+msgstr ""
+"struct spwd {\n"
+"      char\t\t*sp_namp; /* login dell'utente */\n"
+"      char\t\t*sp_pwdp; /* password cifrata */\n"
+"      long int\t\tsp_lstchg; /* ultimo cambio della password */\n"
+"      long int\t\tsp_min; /* giorni minimi tra i cambi */\n"
+"      long int\t\tsp_max; /* giorni massimi tra i cambi */\n"
+"      long int\t\tsp_warn; /* giorni di preavviso */\n"
+"      long int\t\tsp_inact; /* giorni di inattività */\n"
+"      long int\t\tsp_expire; /* data di scadenza dell'account */\n"
+"      unsigned long int\tsp_flag; /* riservato per uso futuro */\n"
+"}\n"
+"    "
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:112
+msgid "The meanings of each field are:"
+msgstr "Ciascun campo significa:"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:115
+msgid "sp_namp - pointer to null-terminated user name"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_namp - puntatore a una stringa null-terminated che contiene il nome "
+"utente."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:118
+msgid "sp_pwdp - pointer to null-terminated password"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_pwdp - puntatore a una stringa null-terminated che contiene la password."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:121
+msgid "sp_lstchg - days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_lstchg - giorni trascorsi dal 1 gennaio 1970 al momento in cui la "
+"password è stata cambiata l'ultima volta."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:124
+msgid "sp_min - days before which password may not be changed"
+msgstr "sp_min - giorni prima dei quali la password non può essere cambiata."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:127
+msgid "sp_max - days after which password must be changed"
+msgstr "sp_max - giorni dopo i quali la password deve essere cambiata."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:130
+msgid ""
+"sp_warn - days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending "
+"password expiration"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_warn - giorni prima della scadenza della password in cui l'utente viene "
+"avvertito."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"sp_inact - days after password expires that account is considered inactive "
+"and disabled"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_inact - giorni dopo la scadenza della password dopo i quali l'account "
+"viene considerato inattivo e disabilitato."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:140
+msgid "sp_expire - days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_expire - giorni a partire dal 1 gennaio 1970 dopo i quali l'account viene "
+"disabilitato."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:143
+msgid "sp_flag - reserved for future use"
+msgstr "sp_flag - riservato per uso futuro."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:152 shadow.3.xml.out:155
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "getspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "getspname"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:153 shadow.3.xml.out:156
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "fgetspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:153 shadow.3.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "sgetspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:154 shadow.3.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "struct spwd *getspent();"
+msgid "struct spwd"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:161
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "*name"
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "*nome"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:151
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis>getspent</emphasis>, <emphasis>getspname</emphasis>, "
+#| "<emphasis>fgetspent</emphasis>, and <emphasis>sgetspent</emphasis> each "
+#| "return a pointer to a <emphasis>struct spwd</emphasis>. "
+#| "<emphasis>getspent</emphasis> returns the next entry from the file, and "
+#| "<emphasis>fgetspent</emphasis> returns the next entry from the given "
+#| "stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format. "
+#| "<emphasis>sgetspent</emphasis> returns a pointer to a <emphasis>struct "
+#| "spwd</emphasis> using the provided string as input. <emphasis>getspnam</"
+#| "emphasis> searches from the current position in the file for an entry "
+#| "matching <emphasis>name</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and <_:emphasis-4/> each "
+"return a pointer to a <_:emphasis-5/>. <_:emphasis-6/> returns the next "
+"entry from the file, and <_:emphasis-7/> returns the next entry from the "
+"given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format. <_:"
+"emphasis-8/> returns a pointer to a <_:emphasis-9/> using the provided "
+"string as input. <_:emphasis-10/> searches from the current position in the "
+"file for an entry matching <_:emphasis-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis>getspent</emphasis>, <emphasis>getspname</emphasis>, "
+"<emphasis>fgetspent</emphasis> e <emphasis>sgetspent</emphasis> "
+"restituiscono tutte un puntatore a uno <emphasis>struct spwd</emphasis>. "
+"<emphasis>getspent</emphasis> restituisce la voce successiva nel file, "
+"<emphasis>fgetspent</emphasis> la voce successiva nello stream specificato, "
+"che si suppone sia un file nel formato corretto. <emphasis>sgetspent</"
+"emphasis> restituisce un puntatore a uno <emphasis>struct spwd</emphasis> "
+"usando come input la stringa fornita. <emphasis>getspnam</emphasis> cerca "
+"una voce che corrisponde a <emphasis>name</emphasis> partendo dalla "
+"posizione corrente nel file."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "void setspent();"
+msgid "setspent"
+msgstr "void setspent();"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "void endspent();"
+msgid "endspent"
+msgstr "void endspent();"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:164
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis>setspent</emphasis> and <emphasis>endspent</emphasis> may be "
+#| "used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> may be used to begin and end, "
+"respectively, access to the shadow password file."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis>setspent</emphasis> e <emphasis>endspent</emphasis> sono usate "
+"rispettivamente per iniziare e terminare l'accesso al file delle password "
+"shadow."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:171 shadow.3.xml.out:173 shadow.3.xml.out:178
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "int lckpwdf();"
+msgid "lckpwdf"
+msgstr "int lckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:171
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "int ulckpwdf();"
+msgid "ulckpwdf"
+msgstr "int ulckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:174
+msgid "pw_lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:176
+msgid "spw_lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:170
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> and <emphasis>ulckpwdf</emphasis> "
+#| "routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the <filename>/etc/"
+#| "shadow</filename> file. <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> attempts to acquire "
+#| "a lock using <emphasis>pw_lock</emphasis> for up to 15 seconds. It "
+#| "continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using "
+#| "<emphasis>spw_lock</emphasis> for the remainder of the initial 15 "
+#| "seconds. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds, "
+#| "<emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> returns -1. When both locks are acquired 0 "
+#| "is returned."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> routines should be used to insure "
+"exclusive access to the <_:filename-3/> file. <_:emphasis-4/> attempts to "
+"acquire a lock using <_:emphasis-5/> for up to 15 seconds. It continues by "
+"attempting to acquire a second lock using <_:emphasis-6/> for the remainder "
+"of the initial 15 seconds. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 "
+"seconds, <_:emphasis-7/> returns -1. When both locks are acquired 0 is "
+"returned."
+msgstr ""
+"Le funzioni <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> e <emphasis>ulckpwdf</emphasis> si "
+"usano per garantire l'accesso esclusivo al file <filename>/etc/shadow</"
+"filename>. <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> prova ad acquisire il lock tramite "
+"<emphasis>pw_lock</emphasis> per un massimo di 15 secondi, dopodiché tenta "
+"di ottenere un secondo lock usando <emphasis>spw_lock</emphasis> per il "
+"tempo che rimane dei 15 secondi iniziali. Se anche uno solo dei due "
+"tentativi fallisce dopo un totale di 15 secondi, <emphasis>lckpwdf</"
+"emphasis> restituisce -1, mentre restituisce 0 se riesce ad acquisire "
+"entrambi i lock."
+
+# type: SH
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:184 suauth.5.xml.out:189
+msgid "DIAGNOSTICS"
+msgstr "DIAGNOSTICA"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:187
+msgid "int"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:185
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error "
+#| "occurs during processing. Routines which have <emphasis>int</emphasis> as "
+#| "the return value return 0 for success and -1 for failure."
+msgid ""
+"Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs "
+"during processing. Routines which have <_:emphasis-1/> as the return value "
+"return 0 for success and -1 for failure."
+msgstr ""
+"Le funzioni restituiscono NULL se non ci sono altre voci disponibili o se si "
+"verifica un errore durante l'elaborazione. Le funzioni di tipo "
+"<emphasis>int</emphasis> restituiscono 0 in caso di successo e -1 in caso di "
+"errore."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"These routines may only be used by the superuser as access to the shadow "
+"password file is restricted."
+msgstr ""
+"Queste funzioni possono essere usate solo dall'amministratore, perché "
+"l'accesso al file delle password shadow è riservato."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:217
+msgid "getpwent"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "shadowed password file"
+msgstr "file delle password shadow"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>shadow</filename> is a file which contains the password "
+#| "information for the system's accounts and optional aging information."
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> is a file which contains the password information for the "
+"system's accounts and optional aging information."
+msgstr ""
+"<filename>shadow</filename> è un file che contiene le informazioni sulle "
+"password per gli account degli utenti e, opzionalmente, le informazioni "
+"sulla durata delle password («aging»)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (<quote>:</"
+#| "quote>), in the following order:"
+msgid ""
+"Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (<_:quote-1/"
+">), in the following order:"
+msgstr ""
+"Ciascuna riga di questo file contiene 9 campi separati da due punti (<quote>:"
+"</quote>), nel seguente ordine:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "It must be a valid account name, which exist on the system."
+msgstr "Deve essere un nome valido di un account esistente nel sistema."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to "
+#| "authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications "
+#| "which read the <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file may decide not to "
+#| "permit any access at all if the password field is empty."
+msgid ""
+"This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to "
+"authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications which "
+"read the <_:filename-1/> file may decide not to permit any access at all if "
+"the password field is empty."
+msgstr ""
+"Questo campo può essere vuoto, nel qual caso nessuna password è richiesta "
+"per l'autenticazione di questo specifico nome di login. Tuttavia alcune "
+"applicazioni che leggono <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> possono decidere "
+"di non permettere nessun accesso se il campo password è vuoto."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:103
+msgid "date of last password change"
+msgstr "data dell'ultimo cambio di password"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:106
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days "
+#| "since Jan 1, 1970."
+msgid ""
+"The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since "
+"Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC."
+msgstr ""
+"Data dell'ultimo cambio di password espressa in numero di giorni a partire "
+"dal 1 gennaio 1970."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:110
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change "
+#| "her pasword the next time she will log in the system."
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her "
+"password the next time she will log in the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Il valore 0 ha un significato speciale, vale a dire che l'utente deve "
+"cambiare la propria password al prossimo accesso al sistema."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:115
+msgid "An empty field means that password aging features are disabled."
+msgstr "Un campo vuoto implica che la scadenza della password è disabilitata."
+
+# type: SS
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:122
+msgid "minimum password age"
+msgstr "età minima password"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"The minimum password age is the number of days the user will have to wait "
+"before she will be allowed to change her password again."
+msgstr ""
+"L'età minima password è il numero di giorni che l'utente dovrà attendere "
+"prima di poter cambiare nuovamente la propria password."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no minimum password age."
+msgid "An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age."
+msgstr ""
+"Un campo vuoto o con valore 0 indica che non c'è una età minima della "
+"password."
+
+# type: SS
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:136
+msgid "maximum password age"
+msgstr "età massima password"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"The maximum password age is the number of days after which the user will "
+"have to change her password."
+msgstr ""
+"L'età massima password è il numero di giorni dopo il quale l'utente deve "
+"cambiare la propria password."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:142
+msgid ""
+"After this number of days is elapsed, the password may still be valid. The "
+"user should be asked to change her password the next time she will log in."
+msgstr ""
+"Quando questo numero di giorni è passato, la password può ancora essere "
+"valida. All'utente verrà chiesto di cambiare la password durante il "
+"successivo accesso."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:147
+msgid ""
+"An empty field means that there are no maximum password age, no password "
+"warning period, and no password inactivity period (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Un campo vuoto indica che non ci sono una età massima password, un periodo "
+"di avviso e nessun periodo di inattività (vedere oltre)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:152
+msgid ""
+"If the maximum password age is lower than the minimum password age, the user "
+"cannot change her password."
+msgstr ""
+"Se l'età massima password è minore dell'età minima password, l'utente non "
+"può cambiare la propria password."
+
+# type: SS
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:160
+msgid "password warning period"
+msgstr "periodo avviso password"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:163
+msgid ""
+"The number of days before a password is going to expire (see the maximum "
+"password age above) during which the user should be warned."
+msgstr ""
+"Il numero di giorni prima della scadenza di una password (vedere età massima "
+"password, sopra) durante il quale l'utente riceve un avviso."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:168
+msgid ""
+"An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no password warning period."
+msgstr ""
+"Un campo vuoto e il valore 0 indicano che non c'è un periodo di avviso "
+"password."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:176
+msgid "password inactivity period"
+msgstr "periodo inattività password"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:179
+msgid ""
+"The number of days after a password has expired (see the maximum password "
+"age above) during which the password should still be accepted (and the user "
+"should update her password during the next login)."
+msgstr ""
+"Il numero di giorni dopo la scadenza della password (vedere età massima "
+"password, sopra) durante il quale la password è ancora accettata (e l'utente "
+"dovrebbe aggiornare la propria password al primo accesso)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:185
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, "
+#| "no login is possible using the current user's password. The user should "
+#| "contact her administrator."
+msgid ""
+"After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no "
+"login is possible for the user. The user should contact her administrator."
+msgstr ""
+"Dopo la scadenza della password e di questo periodo, l'utente non potrà "
+"accedere usando questa password, ma dovrà contattare l'amministratore."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:190
+msgid ""
+"An empty field means that there are no enforcement of an inactivity period."
+msgstr "Un campo vuoto implica che non è applicato il periodo di inattività."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:198
+msgid "account expiration date"
+msgstr "data scadenza account"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:201
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days "
+#| "since Jan 1, 1970."
+msgid ""
+"The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since "
+"Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC."
+msgstr ""
+"La data di scadenza dell'account, espressa in numero di giorni dal 1 gennaio "
+"1970."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration. In "
+#| "case of an acount expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login. In "
+#| "case of a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her "
+#| "password."
+msgid ""
+"Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration. In case "
+"of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login. In case of "
+"a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password."
+msgstr ""
+"Notare che la scadenza dell'account differisce da quella della password. Nel "
+"caso di un account scaduto l'utente non deve poter accedere ulteriormente al "
+"sistema. Nel caso di password scaduta invece l'utente non è abilitato ad "
+"accedere con la propria password."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:211
+msgid "An empty field means that the account will never expire."
+msgstr "Un campo vuoto implica che l'account non scade mai."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:214
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 should not be used as it is interpreted as either an account "
+"with no expiration, or as an expiration on Jan 1, 1970."
+msgstr ""
+"Il valore 0 non andrebbe usato perché potrebbe essere interpretato come "
+"account che non scade o come scaduto il 1 gennaio 1970."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:222
+msgid "reserved field"
+msgstr "campo riservato"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:224
+msgid "This field is reserved for future use."
+msgstr "Questo campo è riservato per uso futuro."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:246
+msgid "/etc/shadow-"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:248
+msgid "Backup file for /etc/shadow."
+msgstr "Copia di backup per /etc/shadow."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: sg.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "execute command as different group ID"
+msgstr "esegue un comando con un diverso ID di gruppo"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: sg.1.xml.out:49
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group <placeholder-1/> command"
+msgid "group <_:arg-1/> command"
+msgstr "comando <placeholder-1/> group"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: sg.1.xml.out:58
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>sg</command> command works similar to <command>newgrp</"
+#| "command> but accepts a command. The command will be executed with the "
+#| "<filename>/bin/sh</filename> shell. With most shells you may run "
+#| "<command>sg</command> from, you need to enclose multi-word commands in "
+#| "quotes. Another difference between <command>newgrp</command> and "
+#| "<command>sg</command> is that some shells treat <command>newgrp</command> "
+#| "specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that "
+#| "<command>newgrp</command> creates. This doesn't happen with <command>sg</"
+#| "command>, so upon exit from a <command>sg</command> command you are "
+#| "returned to your previous group ID."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command works similar to <_:command-2/> but accepts a "
+"command. The command will be executed with the <_:filename-3/> shell. With "
+"most shells you may run <_:command-4/> from, you need to enclose multi-word "
+"commands in quotes. Another difference between <_:command-5/> and <_:"
+"command-6/> is that some shells treat <_:command-7/> specially, replacing "
+"themselves with a new instance of a shell that <_:command-8/> creates. This "
+"doesn't happen with <_:command-9/>, so upon exit from a <_:command-10/> "
+"command you are returned to your previous group ID."
+msgstr ""
+"Il comando <command>sg</command> funziona in maniera analoga a "
+"<command>newgrp</command>, ma accetta un comando che viene eseguito con la "
+"shell <filename>/bin/sh</filename>. La maggior parte delle shell che "
+"permettono l'uso di <command>sg</command> richiede che i comandi composti da "
+"più parole siano inclusi tra apici. Un'altra differenza tra <command>newgrp</"
+"command> e <command>sg</command> è che alcune shell trattano "
+"<command>newgrp</command> in maniera speciale, sostituendo se stesse con la "
+"shell creata da <command>newgrp</command>. Questo non accade con "
+"<command>sg</command>, per cui all'uscita del comando <command>sg</command> "
+"si ritorna al precedente ID di gruppo."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: su.1.xml.out:58
+msgid "change user ID or become superuser"
+msgstr "cambia ID utente o diventa amministratore"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:72
+msgid "args"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:80
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>su</command> command is used to become another user during a "
+#| "login session. Invoked without a <option>username</option>, <command>su</"
+#| "command> defaults to becoming the superuser. The optional argument "
+#| "<option>-</option> may be used to provide an environment similar to what "
+#| "the user would expect had the user logged in directly."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to become another user during a login "
+"session. Invoked without a <_:option-2/>, <_:command-3/> defaults to "
+"becoming the superuser. The <_:option-4/> option may be used to provide an "
+"environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in "
+"directly. The <_:option-5/> option may be used to treat the next argument as "
+"a command by most shells."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>su</command> permette di diventare un altro utente durante una "
+"sessione di login. Se nessun <option>nome</option> utente viene specificato, "
+"<command>su</command> acquisice i privilegi di amministratore. L'opzione "
+"<option>-</option> può essere usata per fornire un ambiente simile a quello "
+"che l'utente troverebbe se effettuasse il login direttamente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:92 su.1.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "--"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:90
+msgid ""
+"Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list. You can use the <_:"
+"option-1/> argument to stop option parsing. The <_:option-2/> option is "
+"special: it is also recognized after <_:option-3/>, but has to be placed "
+"before <_:option-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:98
+msgid ""
+"The user will be prompted for a password, if appropriate. Invalid passwords "
+"will produce an error message. All attempts, both valid and invalid, are "
+"logged to detect abuse of the system."
+msgstr ""
+"All'utente viene quindi chiesta la password, se necessario. Una password "
+"errata viene segnalata da un messaggio d'errore. Viene effettuato il log di "
+"tutti i tentativi, siano essi riusciti o meno, al fine di rilevare ogni "
+"abuso del sistema."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: su.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "/bin:/usr/bin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: su.1.xml.out:106
+msgid "/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:108 su.1.xml.out:220
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "$PATH"
+msgid "ENV_PATH"
+msgstr "$PATH"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:108 su.1.xml.out:221
+msgid "ENV_SUPATH"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:103
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of "
+#| "<envar>$PATH</envar> is reset to <filename>/bin:/usr/bin</filename> for "
+#| "normal users, or <filename>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</filename> for "
+#| "the superuser. This may be changed with the <option>ENV_PATH</option> and "
+#| "<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> definitions in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of <_:envar-1/"
+"> is reset to <_:filename-2/> for normal users, or <_:filename-3/> for the "
+"superuser. This may be changed with the <_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/> "
+"definitions in <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Le variabili d'ambiente in uso vengono passate alla nuova shell, eccetto il "
+"valore di <envar>$PATH</envar> che viene impostato a <filename>/bin:/usr/"
+"bin</filename> per gli utenti qualsiasi e a <filename>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/"
+"usr/bin</filename> per l'amministratore. Questa impostazione è controllata "
+"dalle definizioni <emphasis>ENV_PATH</emphasis> ed <emphasis>ENV_SUPATH</"
+"emphasis> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+msgid "--command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+msgid "COMMAND"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its <option>-c</"
+#| "option>."
+msgid ""
+"Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its <_:option-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Specifica un comando che verrà invocato dalla shell tramite la sua opzione "
+"<option>-c</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The executed command will have no controlling terminal. This option "
+#| "cannot be used to execute interractive programs which need a controlling "
+#| "TTY."
+msgid ""
+"The executed command will have no controlling terminal. This option cannot "
+"be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY."
+msgstr ""
+"Il comando eseguito non avrà un terminale di controllo. Questa opzione non "
+"può essere utilizzata per invocare programmi interattivi che richiedono un "
+"TTY di controllo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:156 su.1.xml.out:256 su.1.xml.out:263
+#: su.1.xml.out:273 su.1.xml.out:286 usermod.8.xml.out:217
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "--login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: su.1.xml.out:143 su.1.xml.out:206
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>"
+msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:147
+msgid ""
+"Provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user "
+"logged in directly."
+msgstr ""
+"Fornisce un ambiente simile a quello che un utente si attende quando "
+"effettua direttamente il login."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:151
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When <option>-</option> is used, it must be specified as the last "
+#| "<command>su</command> option. The other forms (<option>-l</option> and "
+#| "<option>--login</option>) do not have this restriction."
+msgid ""
+"When <_:option-1/> is used, it must be specified before any <_:option-2/>. "
+"For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any <_:"
+"option-3/>. The other forms (<_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/>) do not have "
+"this restriction."
+msgstr ""
+"Quando si usa <option>-</option> deve essere l'ultima opzione di "
+"<command>su</command>. Le altre forme (<option>-l</option> e <option>--"
+"login</option>) non hanno questo vincolo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:166
+msgid "The shell that will be invoked."
+msgstr "La shell che verrà invocata."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:174
+msgid "The shell specified with --shell."
+msgstr "La shell specificata con --shell."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:178 su.1.xml.out:208
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Preserve environment."
+msgid "--preserve-environment"
+msgstr "Non modifica l'ambiente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:177
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--preserve-environment</option> is used, the shell specified "
+#| "by the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environment variable."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the shell specified by the <_:envar-2/> "
+"environment variable."
+msgstr ""
+"Se viene usato <option>--preserve-environment</option>, la shell specificata "
+"dalla variabile d'ambiente <envar>$SHELL</envar>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:184
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The shell indicated in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> entry for the "
+#| "target user."
+msgid "The shell indicated in the <_:filename-1/> entry for the target user."
+msgstr ""
+"La shell indicata nel file <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> per l'utente "
+"target."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:190
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/bin/sh</filename> if a shell could not be found by any above "
+#| "method."
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> if a shell could not be found by any above method."
+msgstr "<filename>/bin/sh</filename> se gli altri metodi falliscono."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:167
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): <placeholder-1/"
+#| ">"
+msgid ""
+"The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): <_:variablelist-1/"
+">"
+msgstr ""
+"La shell invocata viene scelta da (in ordine di priorità): <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:195
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of this "
+#| "user's entry in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> is not listed in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/shells</filename>), then the <option>--shell</option> "
+#| "option or the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environment variable won't be taken "
+#| "into account, unless <command>su</command> is called by root."
+msgid ""
+"If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of this "
+"user's entry in <_:filename-1/> is not listed in <_:filename-2/>), then the "
+"<_:option-3/> option or the <_:envar-4/> environment variable won't be taken "
+"into account, unless <_:command-5/> is called by root."
+msgstr ""
+"Se l'utente target ha una shell con restrizioni (cioè se la sua shell "
+"presente in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> non è presente in <filename>/"
+"etc/shells</filename>), allora l'opzione <option>--shell</option> e la "
+"variabile d'ambiente <envar>$SHELL</envar> non vengono prese in "
+"considerazione a meno che <command>su</command> sia invocato da root."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:217
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "reset according to the <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> options "
+#| "<option>ENV_PATH</option> or <option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (see below);"
+msgid ""
+"reset according to the <_:filename-1/> options <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/"
+"> (see below);"
+msgstr ""
+"reimpostato in accordo alle opzioni <option>ENV_PATH</option> o "
+"<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> del file <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+"(vedi sotto);"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/envar
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:226 su.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "$IFS"
+msgstr "$IFS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: su.1.xml.out:230
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "reset to <quote>&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;</quote>, if it "
+#| "was set."
+msgid "&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;"
+msgstr ""
+"reimpostato a <quote>&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;</quote> se era "
+"impostato."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:228
+msgid "reset to <_:quote-1/>, if it was set."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Preserve the current environment, except for: <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "Preserve the current environment, except for: <_:variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr "Mantiene l'ambiente attuale, fatta eccezione per: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:237
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect "
+#| "(unless <command>su</command> is called by root)."
+msgid ""
+"If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless "
+"<_:command-1/> is called by root)."
+msgstr ""
+"Se l'utente target ha una shell con restrizioni, questa opzione non ha "
+"effetto (a meno che <command>su</command> sia invocato da root)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:248
+msgid "$USER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:246
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <envar>$HOME</envar>, <envar>$SHELL</envar>, <envar>$USER</envar>, "
+#| "<envar>$LOGNAME</envar>, <envar>$PATH</envar>, and <envar>$IFS</envar> "
+#| "environment variables are reset."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:envar-1/>, <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, <_:envar-5/>, "
+"and <_:envar-6/> environment variables are reset."
+msgstr ""
+"Le variabili d'ambiente <envar>$HOME</envar>, <envar>$SHELL</envar>, "
+"<envar>$USER</envar>, <envar>$LOGNAME</envar>, <envar>$PATH</envar> e "
+"<envar>$IFS</envar> sono reimpostate."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:255
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--login</option> is not used, the environment is copied, "
+#| "except for the variables above."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is not used, the environment is copied, except for the "
+"variables above."
+msgstr ""
+"Se l'opzione <option>--login</option> non è usata, l'ambiente è copiato con "
+"l'eccezione delle variabili elencate sopra."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:264
+msgid "$COLORTERM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:265
+msgid "$DISPLAY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:266
+msgid "$XAUTHORITY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:262
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--login</option> is used, the <envar>$TERM</envar>, "
+#| "<envar>$COLORTERM</envar>, <envar>$DISPLAY</envar>, and "
+#| "<envar>$XAUTHORITY</envar> environment variables are copied if they were "
+#| "set."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, and "
+"<_:envar-5/> environment variables are copied if they were set."
+msgstr ""
+"Se l'opzione <option>--login</option> è utilizzata, le variabili "
+"<envar>$TERM</envar>, <envar>$COLORTERM</envar>, <envar>$DISPLAY</envar> e "
+"<envar>$XAUTHORITY</envar> sono copiate se risultano impostate."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:274
+msgid "$TZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:274
+msgid "$HZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:279
+msgid "ENV_HZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:279 userdel.8.xml.out:116
+msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: SH
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:280
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "FILE"
+msgid "MAIL_FILE"
+msgstr "FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:272
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--login</option> is used, the <envar>$TZ</envar>, <envar>$HZ</"
+#| "envar>, and <envar>$MAIL</envar> environment variables are set according "
+#| "to the <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> options <option>ENV_TZ</"
+#| "option>, <option>ENV_HZ</option>, <option>MAIL_DIR</option>, and "
+#| "<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (see below)."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, and <_:envar-4/> "
+"environment variables are set according to the <_:filename-5/> options <_:"
+"option-6/>, <_:option-7/>, <_:option-8/>, and <_:option-9/> (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Se l'opzione <option>--login</option> è utilizzata, le variabili d'ambiente "
+"<envar>$TZ</envar>, <envar>$HZ</envar> e <envar>$MAIL</envar> sono impostate "
+"in accordo alle opzioni <option>ENV_TZ</option>, <option>ENV_HZ</option>, "
+"<option>MAIL_DIR</option> e <option>MAIL_FILE</option> specificate nel file "
+"<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> (vedi sotto)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:288
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "ENVIRONMENT"
+msgid "ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr "VARIABILI D'AMBIENTE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:285
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--login</option> is used, other environment variables might be "
+#| "set by the <option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> file (see below)."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, other environment variables might be set by the <_:"
+"option-2/> file (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Se l'opzione <option>--login</option> è utilizzata, altre variabili "
+"d'ambiente potrebbero essere impostate dal file <option>ENVIRON_FILE</"
+"option> (vedi sotto)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:293
+msgid "Other environments might be set by PAM modules."
+msgstr "Altre variabili d'ambiente potrebbero essere impostate da moduli PAM."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:241
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: "
+#| "<placeholder-1/>"
+msgid ""
+"Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: <_:"
+"variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Notare che il comportamento predefinito per l'ambiente è il seguente: "
+"<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:367
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "On success, <command>su</command> returns the exit value of the command "
+#| "it executed."
+msgid ""
+"On success, <_:command-1/> returns the exit value of the command it executed."
+msgstr ""
+"In caso di successo, il valore restituito da <command>su</command> è quello "
+"del comando da esso eseguito."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:371
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this command was terminated by a signal, <command>su</command> returns "
+#| "the number of this signal plus 128."
+msgid ""
+"If this command was terminated by a signal, <_:command-1/> returns the "
+"number of this signal plus 128."
+msgstr ""
+"Se questo comando è terminato da un segnale, <command>su</command> "
+"restituisce il numero del segnale più 128."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:375
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the "
+#| "command did not terminate in time), <command>su</command> returns 255."
+msgid ""
+"If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the "
+"command did not terminate in time), <_:command-1/> returns 255."
+msgstr ""
+"Se «su» deve terminare il comando (perché gli è stato chiesto di terminare "
+"ma il comando non è terminato in tempo),  <command>su</command> restituisce "
+"255."
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:387
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "success (<option>--help</option> only)"
+msgid "success (<_:option-1/> only)"
+msgstr "successo (solo <option>--help</option>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:393
+msgid "System or authentication failure"
+msgstr "Errore di sistema o di autenticazione"
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:397
+msgid "126"
+msgstr "126"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:399
+msgid "The requested command was not found"
+msgstr "Il comando richiesto non è stato trovato"
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:403
+msgid "127"
+msgstr "127"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:405
+msgid "The requested command could not be executed"
+msgstr "Il comando richiesto non può essere eseguito"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:380
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Some exit values from <command>su</command> are independent from the "
+#| "executed command: <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid ""
+"Some exit values from <_:command-1/> are independent from the executed "
+"command: <_:variablelist-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Alcuni dei codici d'uscita di <command>su</command> sono indipendenti dal "
+"comando eseguito: <placeholder-1/>\""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:414
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#| "citerefentry>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:33 suauth.5.xml.out:40
+msgid "suauth"
+msgstr "suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "detailed su control file"
+msgstr "file di controllo dettagliato per «su»"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:46 suauth.5.xml.out:53 suauth.5.xml.out:172
+msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:52
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The file <filename>/etc/suauth</filename> is referenced whenever the su "
+#| "command is called. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based "
+#| "upon:"
+msgid ""
+"The file <_:filename-1/> is referenced whenever the su command is called. It "
+"can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:"
+msgstr ""
+"Il file <filename>/etc/suauth</filename> viene utilizzato all'invocazione "
+"del comando «su». Può cambiare il comportamento del comando in base a:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      1) the user su is targetting\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "1) the user su is targeting"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"    1) l'utente che «su» sta usando come target\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:63
+msgid ""
+"2) the user executing the su command (or any groups he might be a member of)"
+msgstr ""
+"2) l'utente che sta invocando «su» (o qualsiasi gruppo del quale questi "
+"faccia parte)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:68
+msgid ""
+"The file is formatted like this, with lines starting with a # being treated "
+"as comment lines and ignored;"
+msgstr ""
+"Il formato del file è il seguente, con le righe che iniziano con «#» "
+"trattate come commenti e ignorate;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:73
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      to-id:from-id:ACTION\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "to-id:from-id:ACTION"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"    id-finale:id-iniziale:AZIONE\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "ALL EXCEPT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:77
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Where to-id is either the word <emphasis>ALL</emphasis>, a list of "
+#| "usernames delimited by \",\" or the words <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT</emphasis> "
+#| "followed by a list of usernames delimited by \",\"."
+msgid ""
+"Where to-id is either the word <_:emphasis-1/>, a list of usernames "
+"delimited by \",\" or the words <_:emphasis-2/> followed by a list of "
+"usernames delimited by \",\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Dove «id-finale» è la parola <emphasis>ALL</emphasis> (tutti), un elenco di "
+"nomi utenti separati da «,» o le parole <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT</emphasis> "
+"seguite da una lista di nomi utente separati da «,»."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "ALL EXCEPT GROUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:83
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word "
+#| "<emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> is recognised. <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT GROUP</"
+#| "emphasis> is perfectly valid too. Following <emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> "
+#| "appears one or more group names, delimited by \",\". It is not sufficient "
+#| "to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>/etc/group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> is neccessary."
+msgid ""
+"from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word <_:emphasis-1/> "
+"is recognized. <_:emphasis-2/> is perfectly valid too. Following <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> appears one or more group names, delimited by \",\". It is not "
+"sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/> is necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"«id-iniziale» è formattato come «id-iniziale» salvo il riconoscimento della "
+"parola aggiuntiva <emphasis>GROUP</emphasis>. Anche <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT "
+"GROUP</emphasis> è perfettamente gestito. Subito dopo <emphasis>GROUP</"
+"emphasis> appaiono uno o più nomi di gruppo separati da «,». Non è "
+"sufficiente avere come gruppo primario il gruppo specificato, ma deve anche "
+"esserci la relativa riga in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>/etc/group</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:94
+msgid "Action can be one only of the following currently supported options."
+msgstr "AZIONE può essere una delle seguenti opzioni attualmente supportate."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:100
+msgid "DENY"
+msgstr "DENY"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:103
+msgid "The attempt to su is stopped before a password is even asked for."
+msgstr ""
+"Il tentativo di usare «su» viene bloccato prima ancora che la password sia "
+"chiesta."
+
+# type: SH
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "NOPASS"
+msgstr "NOPASS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:113
+msgid ""
+"The attempt to su is automatically successful; no password is asked for."
+msgstr ""
+"Il tentativo di usare «su» ha successo senza neppure chiedere la password."
+
+# type: TH
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:121
+msgid "OWNPASS"
+msgstr "OWNPASS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"For the su command to be successful, the user must enter his or her own "
+"password. They are told this."
+msgstr ""
+"Perché «su» abbia successo, l'utente deve inserire la propria password che "
+"verrà espressamente richiesta."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"Note there are three separate fields delimited by a colon. No whitespace "
+"must surround this colon. Also note that the file is examined sequentially "
+"line by line, and the first applicable rule is used without examining the "
+"file further. This makes it possible for a system administrator to exercise "
+"as fine control as he or she wishes."
+msgstr ""
+"Notare che ci sono tre campi diversi separati da «:». Nessuno spazio deve "
+"affiancare i due punti. Notare anche che il file viene esaminato in maniera "
+"sequenziale una riga alla volta, e la prima regola applicabile viene "
+"utilizzata senza procede con la lettura delle successive. Questo permette "
+"all'amministratore di sistema di impostare dei controlli allargati o "
+"puntuali, come preferisce."
+
+# type: SH
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:142
+msgid "EXAMPLE"
+msgstr "ESEMPIO"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:143
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      # sample /etc/suauth file\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      # A couple of privileged usernames may\n"
+#| "      # su to root with their own password.\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      # Anyone else may not su to root unless in\n"
+#| "      # group wheel. This is how BSD does things.\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts\n"
+#| "      # owned by the same person.\n"
+#| "      # Access can be arranged between them\n"
+#| "      # with no password.\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      terry:birddog:NOPASS\n"
+#| "      birddog:terry:NOPASS\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid ""
+"# sample /etc/suauth file # # A couple of privileged usernames may # su to "
+"root with their own password. # root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS # # Anyone else "
+"may not su to root unless in # group wheel. This is how BSD does things. # "
+"root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY # # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts "
+"# owned by the same person. # Access can be arranged between them # with no "
+"password. # terry:birddog:NOPASS birddog:terry:NOPASS #"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      # Esempio di file /etc/suauth\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      # Due utenti privilegiati possono usare\n"
+"      # su verso root con la propria password.\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      # Tutti gli altri non possono farlo a meno di non appartenere\n"
+"      # al groppo wheel. Questo è come funziona in BSD.\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      # Nel caso che terry e birddog siano account\n"
+"      # della stessa persona di permettere il passaggio\n"
+"      # tra loro senza richiedere la password.\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      terry:birddog:NOPASS\n"
+"      birddog:terry:NOPASS\n"
+"      #\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:180
+msgid ""
+"There could be plenty lurking. The file parser is particularly unforgiving "
+"about syntax errors, expecting no spurious whitespace (apart from beginning "
+"and end of lines), and a specific token delimiting different things."
+msgstr ""
+"Ce ne possono essere molti non visti. Il parser dei file è particolarmente "
+"rigido sugli errori di sintassi, attendendo l'assenza di spazi estranei (ad "
+"eccezione di inizio e fine riga) e specifici separatori per delimitare "
+"oggetti diversi."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:192
+msgid "syslogd"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:190
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "An error parsing the file is reported using "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslogd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> as level ERR on facility AUTH."
+msgid ""
+"An error parsing the file is reported using <_:citerefentry-1/> as level ERR "
+"on facility AUTH."
+msgstr ""
+"Qualsiasi errore durante le lettura del file viene riportato tramite "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslogd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+"manvolnum></citerefentry> con livello ERR e «facility» AUTH."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:60
+msgid "create a new user or update default new user information"
+msgstr ""
+"crea un nuovo utente o aggiorna le informazioni predefinite per i nuovi "
+"utenti"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:72 useradd.8.xml.out:76 useradd.8.xml.out:86
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:169 useradd.8.xml.out:583 useradd.8.xml.out:585
+msgid "-D"
+msgstr "-D"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When invoked without the <option>-D</option> option, the "
+#| "<command>useradd</command> command creates a new user account using the "
+#| "values specified on the command line plus the default values from the "
+#| "system. Depending on command line options, the <command>useradd</command> "
+#| "command will update system files and may also create the new user's home "
+#| "directory and copy initial files."
+msgid ""
+"When invoked without the <_:option-1/> option, the <_:command-2/> command "
+"creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line "
+"plus the default values from the system. Depending on command line options, "
+"the <_:command-3/> command will update system files and may also create the "
+"new user's home directory and copy initial files."
+msgstr ""
+"Quando viene invocato senza l'opzione <option>-D</option>, il comando "
+"<command>useradd</command> crea un nuovo account di utente usando i valori "
+"specificati sulla riga di comando ed i valori predefiniti dal sistema. A "
+"seconda dalle opzioni nella riga di comando, il comando <command>useradd</"
+"command> aggiornerà i file di sistema che lo necessitano, creerà la home "
+"directory, e lì verranno copiati i file iniziali."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see <option>-"
+#| "g</option>, <option>-N</option>, <option>-U</option>, and "
+#| "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option>)."
+msgid ""
+"By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see <_:option-1/"
+">, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, and <_:option-4/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Normalmente viene anche creato un gruppo per il nuovo utente (vedere "
+"<option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option>, <option>-U</option> e "
+"<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option>).\""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:592
+msgid "--base-dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:124 useradd.8.xml.out:159
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:592 useradd.8.xml.out:598
+msgid "BASE_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:123 useradd.8.xml.out:151 useradd.8.xml.out:156
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:161 usermod.8.xml.out:112
+msgid "HOME_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:121
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default base directory for the system if <option>-d</option>&nbsp;"
+#| "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> is not specified. "
+#| "<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> is concatenated with the account name "
+#| "to define the home directory. If the <option>-m</option> option is not "
+#| "used, <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> must exist."
+msgid ""
+"The default base directory for the system if <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/"
+"> is not specified. <_:replaceable-3/> is concatenated with the account name "
+"to define the home directory."
+msgstr ""
+"La directory base predefinita, nel caso che l'opzione <option>-d</"
+"option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> non sia specificata. "
+"<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> viene concatenata con il nome "
+"dell'account per definire la directory home. Se l'opzione <option>-m</"
+"option> non è usata, <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> deve esistere."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:131 useradd.8.xml.out:603
+msgid "HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:189 useradd.8.xml.out:212
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:250 useradd.8.xml.out:293 useradd.8.xml.out:343
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:393 useradd.8.xml.out:523 useradd.8.xml.out:604
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:616 useradd.8.xml.out:633 useradd.8.xml.out:649
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:663 useradd.8.xml.out:677 useradd.8.xml.out:767
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:419
+msgid "/etc/default/useradd"
+msgstr "/etc/default/useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "/home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this option is not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the "
+#| "base directory specified by the <option>HOME</option> variable in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or <filename>/home</filename> "
+#| "by default."
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the base directory "
+"specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or <_:filename-4/"
+"> by default."
+msgstr ""
+"Se questa opzione non è specificata, <command>useradd</command> userà la "
+"directory base specificata dalla variabile <option>HOME</option> in "
+"<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> oppure la costante <filename>/"
+"home</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "--comment"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "COMMENT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:142
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Any text string. It is generally a short description of the login, and is "
+#| "currently used as the field for the user's full name."
+msgid ""
+"Any text string. It is generally a short description of the account, and is "
+"currently used as the field for the user's full name."
+msgstr ""
+"Un testo qualsiasi. Di norma è una breve descrizione del login, ed è "
+"attualmente usato come nome completo dell'utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "--home-dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:154
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The new user will be created using <replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> as "
+#| "the value for the user's login directory. The default is to append the "
+#| "<replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> name to <replaceable>BASE_DIR</"
+#| "replaceable> and use that as the login directory name. The directory "
+#| "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> does not have to exist but will not "
+#| "be created if it is missing."
+msgid ""
+"The new user will be created using <_:replaceable-1/> as the value for the "
+"user's login directory. The default is to append the <_:replaceable-2/> name "
+"to <_:replaceable-3/> and use that as the login directory name. If the "
+"directory <_:replaceable-4/> does not exist, then it will be created unless "
+"the <_:option-5/> option is specified."
+msgstr ""
+"Il nuovo utente verrà creato usando <replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> come "
+"valore per la directory di login dell'utente. Il comportamento predefinito è "
+"di aggiungere il nome <replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> in fondo a "
+"<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> ed usare quello come nome di directory "
+"di login. Non è necessario che la directory <replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+"replaceable> esista, ma se non ci fosse non verrà creata."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:169
+msgid "--defaults"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: SS
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "See below, the subsection \"Changing the default values\"."
+msgstr "Vedere oltre, la sezione «Cambiare i valori predefiniti»."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:184 usermod.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "YYYY-MM-DD"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:182
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is "
+#| "specified in the format <emphasis remap=\"I\">YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified "
+"in the format <_:emphasis-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"La data in cui l'account dell'utente verrà disabilitato. La data è "
+"specificata nel formato <emphasis remap=\"I\">AAAA-MM-GG</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:188 useradd.8.xml.out:615 usermod.8.xml.out:418
+msgid "EXPIRE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:186
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the default expiry "
+#| "date specified by the <option>EXPIRE</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "default/useradd</filename>, or an empty string (no expiry) by default."
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the default expiry date specified "
+"by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or an empty string (no "
+"expiry) by default."
+msgstr ""
+"Se non specificato diversamente, <command>useradd</command> userà la data di "
+"scadenza impostata con la variabile <option>EXPIRE</option> nel file "
+"<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> o un campo vuoto (nessuna "
+"scadenza)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:199
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where "
+"the user is expected to replace this password. The value is stored in the "
+"shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no "
+"delay. An input of -1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password "
+"file. See <_:citerefentry-1/>for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:208
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the default "
+#| "inactivity period specified by the <option>INACTIVE</option> variable in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or -1 by default."
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the default inactivity period "
+"specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or -1 by default."
+msgstr ""
+"Il comportamento predefinito di <command>useradd</command> è di usare il "
+"periodo di inattività specificato dalla variabile <option>INACTIVE</option> "
+"del file <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> oppure -1 (con variabile "
+"assente)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:218 useradd.8.xml.out:482
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-F"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:218
+msgid "--add-subids-for-system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:221
+msgid ""
+"Update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> even when creating a system "
+"account with <_:option-3/> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:233
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The group name or number of the user's initial login group. The group "
+#| "name must exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group."
+msgid ""
+"The name or the number of the user's primary group. The group name must "
+"exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group."
+msgstr ""
+"Il nome o numero del gruppo di connessione iniziale dell'utente.  Il nome "
+"del gruppo deve esistere. Un numero di gruppo deve riferirsi ad un gruppo "
+"già esistente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "-U/--user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:247
+msgid "-N/--no-user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:238
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If not specified, the behavior of <command>useradd</command> will depend "
+#| "on the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> variable in <filename>/etc/login."
+#| "defs</filename>. If this variable is set to <replaceable>yes</"
+#| "replaceable> (or <option>-U/--user-group</option> is specified on the "
+#| "command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name "
+#| "as her loginname. If the variable is set to <replaceable>no</replaceable> "
+#| "(or <option>-N/--no-user-group</option> is specified on the command "
+#| "line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value "
+#| "specified by the <option>GROUP</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "default/useradd</filename>, or 100 by default."
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, the behavior of <_:command-1/> will depend on the <_:"
+"option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>. If this variable is set to <_:"
+"replaceable-4/> (or <_:option-5/> is specified on the command line), a group "
+"will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname. If the "
+"variable is set to <_:replaceable-6/> (or <_:option-7/> is specified on the "
+"command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the "
+"value specified by the <_:option-8/> variable in <_:filename-9/>, or 1000 by "
+"default."
+msgstr ""
+"Se non specificato, il comportamento di <command>useradd</command> varierà "
+"in base alla variabile <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> del file <filename>/"
+"etc/login.defs</filename>. Se questa variabile è impostata a "
+"<replaceable>yes</replaceable> (o se è stata usata l'opzione <option>-U/--"
+"user-group</option> nella riga di comando) verrà creato un gruppo per "
+"l'utente con lo stesso nome. Se la variabile è impostata a <replaceable>no</"
+"replaceable> (o se è stata usata l'opzione <option>-N/--no-user-group</"
+"option> nella riga di comando) useradd imposterà il gruppo primario "
+"dell'utente in base a quello impostato nella variabile <option>GROUP</"
+"option> del file <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> o a 100 se non "
+"specificato."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:83 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:322
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-G"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "--groups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+# type: TH
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "GROUP1"
+msgstr "GRUPPO"
+
+# type: TH
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid ",GROUP2,..."
+msgstr "GRUPPO"
+
+# type: TH
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid ",GROUPN"
+msgstr "GRUPPO"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:256 usermod.8.xml.out:198
+msgid ""
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>[<_:emphasis-4/>[<_:"
+"emphasis-5/>]]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:260
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+#| "group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening "
+#| "whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group "
+#| "given with the <option>-g</option> option. The default is for the user to "
+#| "belong only to the initial group."
+msgid ""
+"A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+"group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. "
+"The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the "
+"<_:option-1/> option. The default is for the user to belong only to the "
+"initial group."
+msgstr ""
+"Una lista di gruppi supplementari di cui l'utente è altresì membro. Ciascun "
+"gruppo è separato dal successivo da una virgola, senza spazi bianchi "
+"intermedi. I gruppi sono soggetti alle stesse restrizioni del gruppo dato "
+"con l'opzione <option>-g</option>. Il comportamento predefinito è che "
+"l'utente appartenga solo al gruppo iniziale."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+msgid "--skel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+msgid "SKEL_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:281
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied "
+#| "in the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by "
+#| "<command>useradd</command>."
+msgid ""
+"The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in "
+"the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by <_:"
+"command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"La directory «skeleton» che contiene file e directory da copiare nella "
+"directory home dell'utente quando viene creata da <command>useradd</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:288 useradd.8.xml.out:350
+msgid "--create-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:286
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is only valid if the <option>-m</option> (or <option>--create-"
+#| "home</option>) option is specified."
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid if the <_:option-1/> (or <_:option-2/>) option is "
+"specified."
+msgstr ""
+"Questa opzione è valida solo se anche l'opzione <option>-m</option> (o "
+"<option>--create-home</option>) è stata specificata."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:292
+msgid "SKEL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:294
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/skel/"
+msgid "/etc/skel"
+msgstr "/etc/skel/"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:290
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the "
+#| "<option>SKEL</option> variable in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+#| "filename> or, by default, <filename>/etc/skel</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the <_:"
+"option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/> or, by default, <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Se questa opzione non è impostata, la directory «skeleton» è definita dalla "
+"variabile <option>SKEL</option> nel file <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+"filename> o, altrimenti, vale <filename>/etc/skel</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "If possible, the ACLs and extended attributes are copied."
+msgstr "Se possibile vengono copiate le ACL e gli attributi estesi."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:306
+msgid ""
+"Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (<_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:"
+"option-4/>, <_:option-5/> and others)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:312
+msgid ""
+"Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> can be used "
+"when creating an account to turn off password aging. Multiple <_:option-4/> "
+"options can be specified, e.g.: <_:option-5/> <_:replaceable-6/> =<_:"
+"replaceable-7/> <_:option-8/> <_:replaceable-9/>=<_:replaceable-10/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330
+msgid "--no-log-init"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:332
+msgid "Do not add the user to the lastlog and faillog databases."
+msgstr "Non aggiunge l'utente ai database «lastlog» e «faillog»."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:335
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are "
+#| "resetted to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user."
+msgid ""
+"By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are "
+"reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user."
+msgstr ""
+"Normalmente i dati utente nei database «lastlog» e «faillog» vengono "
+"azzerati per evitare di riutilizzare dati di un utente cancellato in "
+"precedenza."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:342
+msgid "LOG_INIT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:340
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will also consult the "
+"variable <_:option-2/> in the <_:filename-3/> if set to no the user will not "
+"be added to the lastlog and faillog databases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:353
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and "
+#| "directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined "
+#| "with the <option>-k</option> option) will be copied to the home directory."
+msgid ""
+"Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and "
+"directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with "
+"the <_:option-1/> option) will be copied to the home directory."
+msgstr ""
+"Crea la directory home dell'utente nel caso in cui non esista. I file e "
+"directory contenuti nella directory «skeleton» (che può essere definita con "
+"l'opzione <option>-k</option>) vengono copiati nella directory home."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:361 useradd.8.xml.out:379 useradd.8.xml.out:475
+msgid "CREATE_HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:359
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, if this option is not specified and <option>CREATE_HOME</"
+#| "option> is not enabled, no home directories are created."
+msgid ""
+"By default, if this option is not specified and <_:option-1/> is not "
+"enabled, no home directories are created."
+msgstr ""
+"Se questa opzione non viene utilizzata e se non è attiva la voce "
+"<option>CREATE_HOME</option>, la directory non viene creata."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:364
+msgid ""
+"The directory where the user's home directory is created must exist and have "
+"proper SELinux context and permissions. Otherwise the user's home directory "
+"cannot be created or accessed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:373
+msgid "--no-create-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:376
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Do no create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting "
+#| "from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>) "
+#| "is set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Do not create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting "
+"from <_:filename-1/> (<_:option-2/>) is set to <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Non crea la directory home dell'utente nonostante la configurazione di "
+"sistema in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</"
+"option>) sia impostata a <replaceable>yes</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:386
+msgid "--no-user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:389
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to "
+#| "the group specified by the <option>-g</option> option or by the "
+#| "<option>GROUP</option> variable in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to "
+"the group specified by the <_:option-1/> option or by the <_:option-2/> "
+"variable in <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Non crea un gruppo con lo stesso nome dell'utente, ma aggiunge l'utente al "
+"gruppo specificato con l'opzione <option>-g</option> o tramite la variabile "
+"<option>GROUP</option> nel file <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:408
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Allow the creation of a user account with a duplicate (non-unique) UID."
+msgid "allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID."
+msgstr "Permette la creazione di un utente con un UID duplicato (non unico)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:412 usermod.8.xml.out:277
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> option. As a "
+"user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and "
+"permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system's "
+"behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account "
+"of the given UID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:428
+msgid ""
+"defines an initial password for the account. PASSWORD is expected to be "
+"encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>. Within a shell script, this "
+"option allows to create efficiently batches of users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:435
+msgid ""
+"Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password "
+"defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of <_:"
+"filename-1/>. This is a state where the user won't be able to access the "
+"account or to define a password himself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:443
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis role=\"bold\">Note:</emphasis> This option is not recommended "
+#| "because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users "
+#| "listing the processes."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/>Avoid this option on the command line because the password "
+"(or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">Nota:</emphasis> questa opzione non è consigliata "
+"perché la password (o password cifrata) sarà visibile agli utenti che "
+"elencano i processi."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:471
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that <command>useradd</command> will not create a home directory for "
+#| "such an user, regardless of the default setting in <filename>/etc/login."
+#| "defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>). You have to specify the "
+#| "<option>-m</option> options if you want a home directory for a system "
+#| "account to be created."
+msgid ""
+"Note that <_:command-1/> will not create a home directory for such a user, "
+"regardless of the default setting in <_:filename-2/> (<_:option-3/>). You "
+"have to specify the <_:option-4/> options if you want a home directory for a "
+"system account to be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Notare che <command>useradd</command> non creerà la directory home per "
+"questi utenti indipendentemente da quanto impostato in <filename>/etc/login."
+"defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>). Si deve specificare "
+"l'opzione <option>-m</option> se si vuole creare la directory home per un "
+"account di sistema."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:479
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that <command>useradd</command> will not create a home directory for "
+#| "such an user, regardless of the default setting in <filename>/etc/login."
+#| "defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>). You have to specify the "
+#| "<option>-m</option> options if you want a home directory for a system "
+#| "account to be created."
+msgid ""
+"Note that this option will not update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>. "
+"You have to specify the <_:option-3/> options if you want to update the "
+"files for a system account to be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Notare che <command>useradd</command> non creerà la directory home per "
+"questi utenti indipendentemente da quanto impostato in <filename>/etc/login."
+"defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>). Si deve specificare "
+"l'opzione <option>-m</option> se si vuole creare la directory home per un "
+"account di sistema."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:520
+msgid ""
+"sets the path to the user's login shell. Without this option, the system "
+"will use the <_:option-1/> variable specified in <_:filename-2/>, or, if "
+"that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in <_:filename-3/> "
+"remains empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+msgid "--uid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+msgid "UID"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:534
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless "
+#| "the <option>-o</option> option is used. The value must be non-negative. "
+#| "The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to "
+#| "<option>UID_MIN</option> and greater than every other user."
+msgid ""
+"The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless the "
+"<_:option-1/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The default is "
+"to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-2/> and "
+"greater than every other user."
+msgstr ""
+"Il valore numerico dell'identificatore (ID) dell'utente. Questo valore deve "
+"essere univoco, a meno che non venga usata l'opzione <option>-o</option>. Il "
+"valore non deve essere negativo. La scelta predefinita è quella di usare il "
+"minimo valore di ID maggiore o eguale a <option>UID_MIN</option> e maggiore "
+"a qualunque altro utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:549
+msgid "--user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:552
+msgid ""
+"Create a group with the same name as the user, and add the user to this "
+"group."
+msgstr ""
+"Crea un gruppo con lo stesso nome dell'utente e aggiunge l'utente al gruppo "
+"stesso."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 userdel.8.xml.out:153 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-Z"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 userdel.8.xml.out:153 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "--selinux-user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "SEUSER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:573
+msgid "semanage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:569
+msgid ""
+"defines the SELinux user for the new account. Without this option, a SELinux "
+"uses the default user. Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-"
+"user, it uses <_:citerefentry-1/> for that."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: SS
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:581
+msgid "Changing the default values"
+msgstr "Cambiare i valori predefiniti"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:582
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When invoked with only the <option>-D</option> option, <command>useradd</"
+#| "command> will display the current default values. When invoked with "
+#| "<option>-D</option> plus other options, <command>useradd</command> will "
+#| "update the default values for the specified options. Valid default-"
+#| "changing options are:"
+msgid ""
+"When invoked with only the <_:option-1/> option, <_:command-2/> will display "
+"the current default values. When invoked with <_:option-3/> plus other "
+"options, <_:command-4/> will update the default values for the specified "
+"options. Valid default-changing options are:"
+msgstr ""
+"Quando invocato con la sola opzione <option>-D</option>, <command>useradd</"
+"command> mostrerà i valori predefiniti correnti. Quando invocato con "
+"l'opzione <option>-D</option> e altre opzioni, <command>useradd</command> "
+"aggiornerà i valori predefiniti per le opzioni specificate. Le opzioni "
+"valide sono:"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:595
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will be "
+#| "affixed to the end of <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> to form the new "
+#| "user's home directory name, if the <option>-d</option> option is not used "
+#| "when creating a new account."
+msgid ""
+"sets the path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will "
+"be affixed to the end of <_:replaceable-1/> to form the new user's home "
+"directory name, if the <_:option-2/> option is not used when creating a new "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"Il prefisso del percorso per la directory home del nuovo utente. Il nome "
+"dell'utente verrà aggiunto alla fine di <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> "
+"per creare il nome della nuova directory home, a meno che non venga usata "
+"l'opzione <option>-d</option> quando si crea un nuovo account."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:602 useradd.8.xml.out:614 useradd.8.xml.out:631
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:647 useradd.8.xml.out:661
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option sets the <option>HOME</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "default/useradd</filename>."
+msgid "This option sets the <_:option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Questa opzione imposta la variabile <option>HOME</option> del file "
+"<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:613
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The date on which the user account is disabled."
+msgid "sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled."
+msgstr "La data in cui l'account dell'utente verrà disabilitato."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:625
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where "
+"the user is expected to replace this password. See <_:citerefentry-1/>for "
+"more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:642
+msgid ""
+"sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group "
+"names or a numerical group ID. The named group must exist, and the GID must "
+"have an existing entry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:658
+msgid "defines the default login shell for new users."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: SH
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:673
+msgid "NOTES"
+msgstr "NOTE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:675 useradd.8.xml.out:779
+msgid "/etc/skel/"
+msgstr "/etc/skel/"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:674
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user "
+#| "files in the <filename>/etc/skel/</filename> directory (or any other "
+#| "skeleton directory specified in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> "
+#| "or on the command line)."
+msgid ""
+"The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files "
+"in the <_:filename-1/> directory (or any other skeleton directory specified "
+"in <_:filename-2/> or on the command line)."
+msgstr ""
+"L'amministratore di sistema è responsabile del posizionamento dei file "
+"utente predefiniti nella directory <filename>/etc/skel/</filename> (o "
+"qualsiasi altra directory impostata in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+"filename> o nella riga di comando)."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:683
+msgid ""
+"You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+"Non è possibile aggiungere un utente ad un gruppo NIS o LDAP. Questo deve "
+"essere fatto sul server corrispondente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:688
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database "
+#| "such as NIS or LDAP, <command>useradd</command> will deny the user "
+#| "account creation request."
+msgid ""
+"Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such "
+"as NIS or LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the user account creation request."
+msgstr ""
+"Analogamente, se il nome utente esiste già in un database esterno come NIS o "
+"LDAP, <command>useradd</command> bloccherà la creazione dell'account."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:702
+msgid "ls"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:694
+msgid ""
+"Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, "
+"underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not "
+"allowed at the beginning of the username. Fully numeric usernames and "
+"usernames . or .. are also disallowed. It is not recommended to use "
+"usernames beginning with . character as their home directories will be "
+"hidden in the <_:command-1/> output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:704
+msgid "Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgstr "I nomi utente non possono eccedere i 32 caratteri di lunghezza."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:769
+msgid "Default values for account creation."
+msgstr "Valori predefiniti per la creazione dell'account."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/default/useradd"
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-pre.d/*"
+msgstr "/etc/default/useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-post.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773 userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "<_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: SH
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775 userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "OPTIONS"
+msgid "ACTION"
+msgstr "OPZIONI"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775 userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "SUBJECT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "useradd"
+msgid "useradd-pre.d"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "useradd"
+msgid "useradd-post.d"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid ""
+"Run-part files to execute during user addition. The environment variable <_:"
+"command-1/> will be populated with useradd and <_:command-2/> with the <_:"
+"command-3/>. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user addition. <_:"
+"filename-5/> will execute after user addition. If a script exits non-zero "
+"then execution will terminate."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:781
+msgid "Directory containing default files."
+msgstr "Directory contenente i file predefiniti."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:819 userdel.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "can't update password file"
+msgstr "impossibile aggiornare il file delle password"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:837
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "UID already in use (and no <option>-o</option>)"
+msgid "UID already in use (and no <_:option-1/>)"
+msgstr "UID già in uso (e <option>-o</option> assente)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:849
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "username or group name already in use"
+msgstr "nome di gruppo già in uso"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:861
+msgid "can't create home directory"
+msgstr "non è possibile creare la directory home"
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:865
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "1"
+msgid "14"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:867
+msgid "can't update SELinux user mapping"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:876 usermod.8.xml.out:603
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:phrase-10/> "
+"<_:citerefentry-11/>, <_:citerefentry-12/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:47
+msgid "delete a user account and related files"
+msgstr "rimuove l'account di un utente ed i file relativi"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>userdel</command> command modifies the system account files, "
+#| "deleting all entries that refer to the user name <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">LOGIN</emphasis>. The named user must exist."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all "
+"entries that refer to the user name <_:emphasis-2/>. The named user must "
+"exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Il comando <command>userdel</command> modifica i file di account del "
+"sistema, rimuovendo tutte le voci che si riferiscono al nome utente "
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">LOGIN</emphasis>. L'utente indicato deve esistere."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:79
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is "
+#| "still logged in. It also forces <command>userdel</command> to remove the "
+#| "user's home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same "
+#| "home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user. "
+#| "If <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> is defined to <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">yes</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> and if "
+#| "a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group "
+#| "will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user."
+msgid ""
+"This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is "
+"still logged in. It also forces <_:command-1/> to remove the user's home "
+"directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory "
+"or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user. If <_:option-2/> is "
+"defined to <_:emphasis-3/> in <_:filename-4/> and if a group exists with the "
+"same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it "
+"is still the primary group of another user."
+msgstr ""
+"Questa opzione forza la cancellazione di un account utente anche se l'utente "
+"è ancora collegato al sistema. Inoltre forza <command>userdel</command> a "
+"rimuovere la directory home dell'utente e la casella di posta anche se un "
+"altro utente usa la stessa directory home o se la casella di posta non è di "
+"proprietà dell'utente specificato. Se <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> è "
+"impostato a <emphasis remap=\"I\">yes</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/login."
+"defs</filename> e se esiste un gruppo con lo stesso nome dell'utente "
+"cancellato, allora il gruppo stesso viene cancellato anche se risulta il "
+"gruppo primario di un altro utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis>Note:</emphasis> This option is dangerous and may leave your "
+#| "system in an inconsistent state."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an "
+"inconsistent state."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis>Nota:</emphasis> questa opzione è pericolosa e può lasciare il "
+"sistema in uno stato incoerente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:106 usermod.8.xml.out:317
+msgid "--remove"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:109
+msgid ""
+"Files in the user's home directory will be removed along with the home "
+"directory itself and the user's mail spool. Files located in other file "
+"systems will have to be searched for and deleted manually."
+msgstr ""
+"I file nella home directory dell'utente verranno rimossi insieme alla home "
+"directory stessa e alla casella di posta dell'utente. I file collocati in "
+"altri file system dovranno essere cercati e rimossi manualmente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:115
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The mail spool is defined by the <option>MAIL_DIR</option> variable in "
+#| "the <filename>login.defs</filename> file."
+msgid ""
+"The mail spool is defined by the <_:option-1/> variable in the <_:filename-2/"
+"> file."
+msgstr ""
+"La directory di spool per la posta è definita dalla variabile "
+"<option>MAIL_DIR</option> nel file <filename>login.defs</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:156
+msgid "Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user's login."
+msgstr "Rimuove tutti gli utenti SELinux assegnati al login utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-pre.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-post.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "userdel"
+msgid "userdel-pre.d"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "userdel"
+msgid "userdel-post.d"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid ""
+"Run-part files to execute during user deletion. The environment variable <_:"
+"command-1/> will be populated with <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/> with "
+"the username. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user deletion. "
+"<_:filename-5/> will execute after user deletion. If a script exits non-zero "
+"then execution will terminate."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:255
+msgid "specified user doesn't exist"
+msgstr "l'utente specificato non esiste"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:261
+msgid "user currently logged in"
+msgstr "utente attualmente connesso al sistema"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:273
+msgid "can't remove home directory"
+msgstr "non è possibile cancellare la directory home"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:282
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>userdel</command> will not allow you to remove an account if "
+#| "there are running processes which belong to this account. In that case, "
+#| "you may have to kill those processes or lock the user's password or "
+#| "account and remove the account later. The <option>-f</option> option can "
+#| "force the deletion of this account."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will not allow you to remove an account if there are running "
+"processes which belong to this account. In that case, you may have to kill "
+"those processes or lock the user's password or account and remove the "
+"account later. The <_:option-2/> option can force the deletion of this "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>userdel</command> non permetterà la cancellazione di un account se "
+"ci sono in esecuzione processi dell'account stesso. In quel caso si deve "
+"prima terminare quei processi o bloccare la password o l'account, e "
+"cancellare l'account successivamente. L'opzione <option>-f</option> forza la "
+"cancellazione dell'account."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:289
+msgid ""
+"You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain "
+"owned by this user."
+msgstr ""
+"Occorre controllare manualmente tutti i file system per assicurarsi che non "
+"rimanga nessun file di proprietà di questo utente."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:293
+msgid ""
+"You may not remove any NIS attributes on a NIS client. This must be "
+"performed on the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+"Non è possibile rimuovere nessun attributo NIS su un client NIS. Questo deve "
+"essere fatto sul server NIS."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:296
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> is defined to <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">yes</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, "
+#| "<command>userdel</command> will delete the group with the same name as "
+#| "the user. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, "
+#| "<command>userdel</command> will check that this group is not used as a "
+#| "primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the "
+#| "group otherwise. The <option>-f</option> option can force the deletion of "
+#| "this group."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is defined to <_:emphasis-2/> in <_:filename-3/>, <_:"
+"command-4/> will delete the group with the same name as the user. To avoid "
+"inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, <_:command-5/> will check "
+"that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will "
+"just warn without deleting the group otherwise. The <_:option-6/> option can "
+"force the deletion of this group."
+msgstr ""
+"Se <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> è impostato a <emphasis remap=\"I\">yes</"
+"emphasis> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, <command>userdel</"
+"command> cancellerà il gruppo che ha lo stesso nome dell'utente. Per evitare "
+"incoerenze tra i database di passwd e group, <command>userdel</command> "
+"verificherà che questo gruppo non sia utilizzato come gruppo primario da "
+"altri utenti, e nel caso emetterà un avviso senza cancellare il gruppo. "
+"L'opzione <option>-f</option> forza la cancellazione di questo gruppo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:309
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:phrase-9/> <_:citerefentry-10/>, "
+"<_:citerefentry-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:48
+msgid "modify a user account"
+msgstr "modifica l'account di un utente"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:63
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:81
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <option>-G</"
+#| "option> option."
+msgid ""
+"Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:option-1/> "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"Aggiunge l'utente al/i gruppo/i supplmentare/i. Usare solo con l'opzione "
+"<option>-G</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:102
+msgid ""
+"update the comment field of the user in <_:filename-1/>, which is normally "
+"modified using the <_:citerefentry-2/> utility."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:112 usermod.8.xml.out:260
+msgid "--home"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "The user's new login directory."
+msgstr "La nuova directory home dell'utente."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:118
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <option>-m</option> option is given, the contents of the current "
+#| "home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created "
+#| "if it does not already exist."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:option-1/> option is given, the contents of the current home "
+"directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it "
+"does not already exist. If the current home directory does not exist the new "
+"home directory will not be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Se è data l'opzione <option>-m</option> il contenuto della directory home "
+"corrente sarà spostato nella nuova directory home, che viene creata se non "
+"esiste già."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:132
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is "
+#| "specified in the format <emphasis remap=\"I\">YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified "
+"in the format <_:emphasis-1/>. Integers as input are interpreted as days "
+"after 1970-01-01."
+msgstr ""
+"La data in cui l'account dell'utente verrà disabilitato. La data è "
+"specificata nel formato <emphasis remap=\"I\">AAAA-MM-GG</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"An input of -1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in "
+"the shadow password file. The account will remain available with no date "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:143 usermod.8.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option requires a <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file. A "
+#| "<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> entry will be created if there were none."
+msgid ""
+"This option requires a <_:filename-1/> file. A <_:filename-2/> entry will be "
+"created if there were none."
+msgstr ""
+"Questa opzione richiede il file <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. Se non c'è "
+"ancora viene creata una voce nel file <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:155
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age "
+"during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password. "
+"This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the "
+"shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no "
+"delay. An input of -1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password "
+"file. See <_:citerefentry-1/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:177
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The group name or number of the user's new initial login group. The group "
+#| "must exist."
+msgid ""
+"The name or numerical ID of the user's new primary group. The group must "
+"exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Il nome o numero del gruppo da assegnare alla connessione dell'utente. Il "
+"gruppo deve esistere."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:181
+msgid ""
+"Any file from the user's home directory owned by the previous primary group "
+"of the user will be owned by this new group."
+msgstr ""
+"Tutti i file nella directory home dell'utente che hanno come gruppo il "
+"precedente gruppo primario dell'utente stesso verranno modificati perché "
+"abbiano questo nuovo gruppo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:185
+msgid ""
+"The group ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be "
+"fixed manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Il gruppo dei file che si trovano all'esterno della directory home "
+"dell'utente andrà modificato manualmente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:193 usermod.8.xml.out:393
+msgid "/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:189
+msgid ""
+"The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user's home "
+"directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the "
+"current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home "
+"directories such as <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:202
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+#| "group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening "
+#| "whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group "
+#| "given with the <option>-g</option> option."
+msgid ""
+"A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+"group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. "
+"The groups must exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Una lista di gruppi supplementari di cui l'utente è altresì membro. Ciascun "
+"gruppo è separato dal successivo da una virgola, senza spazi bianchi "
+"intermedi. I gruppi sono soggetti alle stesse restrizioni del gruppo dato "
+"con l'opzione <option>-g</option>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:207
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the "
+#| "user will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via "
+#| "the <option>-a</option> option, which appends the user to the current "
+#| "supplementary group list."
+msgid ""
+"If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user "
+"will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the <_:"
+"option-1/> option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group "
+"list."
+msgstr ""
+"Se l'utente è attualmente membro di un gruppo che non è elencato, l'utente "
+"verrà rimosso dal gruppo. Questo comportamento può essere cambiato con "
+"l'opzione <option>-a</option> che aggiunge all'utente i gruppi supplementari "
+"dei quali fa attualmente parte."
+
+# type: TH
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217 usermod.8.xml.out:223
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "LOGIN"
+msgid "NEW_LOGIN"
+msgstr "LOGIN"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:220
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The name of the user will be changed from <replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#| "replaceable> to <replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>. Nothing else is "
+#| "changed. In particular, the user's home directory or mail spool should "
+#| "probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name."
+msgid ""
+"The name of the user will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>. Nothing else is changed. In particular, the user's home "
+"directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the "
+"new login name."
+msgstr ""
+"Il nome dell'utente verrà cambiato da <replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> a "
+"<replaceable>NUOVO_LOGIN</replaceable>. Niente altro viene cambiato. In "
+"particolare, la directory home dell'utente e la casella di posta dovrebbero "
+"probabilmente essere modificate manualmente in modo da riflettere il nuovo "
+"nome di login."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:231 usermod.8.xml.out:411
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-L"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:234
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted "
+#| "password, effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option "
+#| "with <option>-p</option> or <option>-U</option>."
+msgid ""
+"Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password, "
+"effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with <_:"
+"option-1/> or <_:option-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Blocca la password di un utente. Questo inserisce un «!» davanti alla "
+"password cifrata, disabilitandola. Non si può utilizzare questa opzione con "
+"le opzioni <option>-p</option> e <option>-U</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:240
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), "
+#| "you should also set the <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> to "
+#| "<replaceable>1</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you "
+"should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Nota: se si vuole bloccare l'account (non solo l'accesso tramite password), "
+"si deve anche impostare <replaceable>DATA_SCADENZA</replaceable> a "
+"<replaceable>1</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:250
+msgid "--move-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:253
+msgid ""
+"moves the content of the user's home directory to the new location. If the "
+"current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be "
+"created."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:258
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-u</option> "
+#| "option."
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> (or <_:"
+"option-2/>) option."
+msgstr ""
+"Questa opzione è valida solo congiuntamente all'opzione <option>-u</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:262
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>usermod</command> will try to adapt the ownership of the files "
+#| "and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes "
+#| "might be needed afterwards."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the "
+"modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed "
+"afterwards."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>usermod</command> cercherà di adattare la proprietà dei file e di "
+"copiare i permessi, le ACL e gli attributi estesi, ma successive modifiche "
+"manuali potrebbe comunque essere necessarie."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:274
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When used with the <option>-u</option> option, this option allows to "
+#| "change the user ID to a non-unique value."
+msgid "allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value."
+msgstr ""
+"Quando è usata con l'opzione <option>-u</option> questa opzione permette di "
+"modificare l'ID utente in un valore non univoco."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:293
+msgid ""
+"defines a new password for the user. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, "
+"as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:298
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis role=\"bold\">Note:</emphasis> This option is not recommended "
+#| "because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users "
+#| "listing the processes."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> Avoid this option on the command line because the password "
+"(or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">Nota:</emphasis> questa opzione non è consigliata "
+"perché la password (o password cifrata) sarà visibile agli utenti che "
+"elencano i processi."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:303
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The password will be written in the local <filename>/etc/passwd</"
+#| "filename> or <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file. This might differ "
+#| "from the password database configured in your PAM configuration."
+msgid ""
+"The password will be written in the local <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/> "
+"file. This might differ from the password database configured in your PAM "
+"configuration."
+msgstr ""
+"La password verrà scritta nel file locale <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> o "
+"<filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. Questo potrebbe essere diverso dal "
+"database delle password configurato per l'utilizzo da PAM."
+
+# type: IP
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <option>-G</"
+#| "option> option."
+msgid ""
+"Remove the user from named supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:"
+"option-1/> option."
+msgstr ""
+"Aggiunge l'utente al/i gruppo/i supplmentare/i. Usare solo con l'opzione "
+"<option>-G</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:344
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes within the directory tree starting with <_:replaceable-1/> and "
+"use as well the configuration files located there. This option does not "
+"chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some "
+"limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication "
+"is using the host files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:360
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank "
+#| "causes the system to select the default login shell."
+msgid ""
+"changes the user's login shell. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field "
+"in <_:filename-1/> and logs the user into the system's default shell."
+msgstr ""
+"Il nome della nuova shell di login dell'utente. Lasciando questo campo vuoto "
+"si fa in modo che il sistema selezioni la shell di login predefinita."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:372
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The new numerical value of the user's ID."
+msgid "The new value of the user's ID."
+msgstr "Il nuovo valore numerico dell'ID utente."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:375
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This value must be unique, unless the <option>-o</option> option is used. "
+#| "The value must be non-negative."
+msgid ""
+"This value must be unique, unless the <_:option-1/> option is used. The "
+"value must be non-negative."
+msgstr ""
+"Questo valore deve essere univoco, a meno che non sia utilizzata l'opzione "
+"<option>-o</option>. Il valore non può essere negativo."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:380
+msgid ""
+"The user's mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are located "
+"in the user's home directory will have the file user ID changed "
+"automatically."
+msgstr ""
+"La casella di posta dell'utente e ogni altro file di proprietà dell'utente "
+"che si trovi all'interno della directory home avrà l'ID utente cambiato "
+"automaticamente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:385
+msgid ""
+"The ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be fixed "
+"manually."
+msgstr ""
+"La proprietà dei file esterni alla directory home dell'utente va corretta "
+"manualmente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:389
+msgid ""
+"The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user's home "
+"directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the "
+"current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home "
+"directories such as <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:408
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted "
+#| "password. You can't use this option with <option>-p</option> or <option>-"
+#| "L</option>."
+msgid ""
+"Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted "
+"password. You can't use this option with <_:option-1/> or <_:option-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Sblocca la password di un utente. Questo rimuove il «!» davanti alla "
+"password cifrata. Non si può usare questa opzione con l'opzione <option>-p</"
+"option> o <option>-L</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:417
+msgid "99999"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:413
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a "
+#| "password), you should also set the <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> "
+#| "(for example to <replaceable>99999</replaceable>, or to the "
+#| "<option>EXPIRE</option> value from <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+#| "filename>)."
+msgid ""
+"Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), "
+"you should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> (for example to <_:replaceable-2/"
+">, or to the <_:option-3/> value from <_:filename-4/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Nota: se si vuole sbloccare l'account (non solo l'accesso con password) si "
+"deve anche impostare <replaceable>DATA_SCADENZA</replaceable> (per esempio a "
+"<replaceable>99999</replaceable> o al valore <option>EXPIRE</option> dal "
+"file <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-v"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "--add-subuids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "FIRST"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "LAST"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: TP
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:424 usermod.8.xml.out:442 usermod.8.xml.out:462
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:480
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#| "replaceable>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>-<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:428
+msgid "Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:431 usermod.8.xml.out:469
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:436 usermod.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "SUB_UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:436 usermod.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "SUB_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:437 usermod.8.xml.out:457
+msgid "SUB_UID_COUNT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:434 usermod.8.xml.out:454 usermod.8.xml.out:472
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:492
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "No checks will be performed with regard to the <option>UID_MIN</option>, "
+#| "<option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>, or "
+#| "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"No checks will be performed with regard to <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or "
+"<_:option-3/> from /etc/login.defs."
+msgstr ""
+"Non vengono fatti controlli riguardo <option>UID_MIN</option>, "
+"<option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> o "
+"<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> dal file <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-V"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "--del-subuids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:446
+msgid "Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:449
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the "
+"removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid "
+"range is added."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:463 usermod.8.xml.out:489
+msgid "--add-subgids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:466
+msgid "Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:474 usermod.8.xml.out:494
+msgid "SUB_GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:474 usermod.8.xml.out:494
+msgid "SUB_GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:475 usermod.8.xml.out:495
+msgid "SUB_GID_COUNT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481 usermod.8.xml.out:489
+msgid "--del-subgids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:484
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user's login."
+msgid "Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account."
+msgstr "Rimuove tutti gli utenti SELinux assegnati al login utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:487
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the "
+"removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid "
+"range is added."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:504
+msgid ""
+"defines the SELinux user to be mapped with <_:replaceable-1/>. An empty "
+"string (\"\") will remove the respective entry (if any). Note that the "
+"shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses semanage(8) for that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:518
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes "
+#| "when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the "
+#| "user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. "
+#| "<command>usermod</command> checks this on Linux, but only check if the "
+#| "user is logged in according to utmp on other architectures."
+msgid ""
+"You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes "
+"when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the "
+"user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. <_:command-1/> "
+"checks this on Linux. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check "
+"if the user is logged in."
+msgstr ""
+"Se si cambia l'ID numerico, il nome dell'utente o la sua directory home, si "
+"deve verificare che l'utente in questione non stia eseguendo nessun processo "
+"al momento dell'esecuzione del comando.\n"
+"<command>usermod</command> effettua questo controllo in Linux, ma su altri "
+"sistemi controlla solo che non sia registrato come collegato in utmp."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:527
+msgid "crontab"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:528
+msgid "at"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:526
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You must change the owner of any <command>crontab</command> files or "
+#| "<command>at</command> jobs manually."
+msgid ""
+"You must change the owner of any <_:command-1/> files or <_:command-2/> jobs "
+"manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Si deve cambiare manualmente il proprietario di eventuali file "
+"<command>crontab</command> e compiti <command>at</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:530
+msgid "You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+"Si devono apportare tutte le modifiche che riguardano NIS sul server NIS."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:559
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Group account information."
+msgid "Group account information"
+msgstr "Informazioni sugli account di gruppo."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:565
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Secure group account information."
+msgid "Secure group account informatio."
+msgstr "Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:571
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Shadow password suite configuration."
+msgid "Shadow password suite configuration"
+msgstr "Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:577
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "User account information."
+msgid "User account information"
+msgstr "Informazioni sugli account utente."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:583
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Secure user account information."
+msgid "Secure user account information"
+msgstr "Informazioni sicure sugli account utente."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:589
+msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:595
+msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:43 vipw.8.xml.out:57 vipw.8.xml.out:67 vipw.8.xml.out:86
+msgid "vigr"
+msgstr "vigr"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:44
+msgid "edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file"
+msgstr ""
+"modifica i file delle password, dei gruppi, delle password shadow o dei "
+"gruppi shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "VISUAL"
+msgid "$VISUAL"
+msgstr "VISUAL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:76
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "EDITOR"
+msgid "$EDITOR"
+msgstr "EDITOR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:77 vipw.8.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "vipw"
+msgid "vi"
+msgstr "vipw"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:66
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</command> commands edits "
+#| "the files <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>, respectively. With the <option>-s</option> flag, they will "
+#| "edit the shadow versions of those files, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> "
+#| "and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, respectively. The programs will "
+#| "set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption. When looking for an "
+#| "editor, the programs will first try the environment variable "
+#| "<envar>$VISUAL</envar>, then the environment variable <envar>$EDITOR</"
+#| "envar>, and finally the default editor, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands edits the files <_:filename-3/"
+"> and <_:filename-4/>, respectively. With the <_:option-5/> flag, they will "
+"edit the shadow versions of those files, <_:filename-6/> and <_:filename-7/"
+">, respectively. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file "
+"corruption. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the "
+"environment variable <_:envar-8/>, then the environment variable <_:envar-9/"
+">, and finally the default editor, <_:citerefentry-10/>."
+msgstr ""
+"I comandi <command>vipw</command> e <command>vigr</command> permettono di "
+"modificare rispettivamente i file <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> e "
+"<filename>/etc/group</filename>. Con l'opzione <option>-s</option>, vengono "
+"aperte le versioni shadow di quei file, rispettivamente <filename>/etc/"
+"shadow</filename> e <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>. I programmi si "
+"occupano di impostare i lock necessari per evitare la corruzione dei file. "
+"Per determinare l'editor da usare, i programmi prima provano con la "
+"variabile d'ambiente <envar>$VISUAL</envar>, poi con la variabile d'ambiente "
+"<envar>$EDITOR</envar> e infine con l'editor predefinito, "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:84
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The options which apply to the <command>passwd</command> command are:"
+msgid ""
+"The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands "
+"are:"
+msgstr "Il comando <command>passwd</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "Edit group database."
+msgstr "Modifica del database «group»."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:102
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "--passwd"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "Edit passwd database."
+msgstr "Modifica del database «passwd»."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "shadow"
+msgid "--shadow"
+msgstr "shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "Edit shadow or gshadow database."
+msgstr "Modifica del database «shadow» o «gshadow»"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "Indicates which user's tcb shadow file to edit."
+msgstr "Indica di quale utente modificare il file «shadow tcb»."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:154
+msgid "ENVIRONMENT"
+msgstr "VARIABILI D'AMBIENTE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:157 vipw.8.xml.out:165
+msgid "VISUAL"
+msgstr "VISUAL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:159
+msgid "Editor to be used."
+msgstr "Editor da utilizzare."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:163
+msgid "EDITOR"
+msgstr "EDITOR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Editor to be used if <option>VISUAL</option> is not set."
+msgid "Editor to be used if <_:option-1/> is not set."
+msgstr "Editor da utilizzare se <option>VISUAL</option> non è impostata."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:220
+msgid "tcb"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:203
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/> <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>USE_TCB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>USE_TCB</option> (booleano)"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> password shadowing "
+#~ "scheme will be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se <replaceable>yes</replaceable> viene usato lo schema "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry> per lo «shadow» delle password."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>usermod</command> command modifies the system account files "
+#~ "to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il comando <command>usermod</command> modifica i file di account del "
+#~ "sistema in modo da riflettere i cambiamenti che sono specificati sulla "
+#~ "riga di comando."
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>usermod</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Il comando <command>usermod</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>"
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMENT</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMENTO</replaceable>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally "
+#~ "modified using the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utility."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il nuovo valore per il campo commento dell'utente nel file password. "
+#~ "Normalmente viene modificato usando l'utilità "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: TP
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~| "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>"
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>DATA_SCADENZA</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "An empty <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> argument will disable the "
+#~ "expiration of the account."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Un argomento <replaceable>DATA_SCADENZA</replaceable> vuoto disabilita la "
+#~ "scadenza dell'account."
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INATTIVO</replaceable>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days after a password expires until the account is "
+#~ "permanently disabled."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il numero di giorni dopo la scadenza di una password prima che l'account "
+#~ "venga disabilitato permanentemente."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the password has expired, "
+#~ "and a value of -1 disables the feature."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il valore 0 disabilita l'account non appena la password è scaduta, e il "
+#~ "valore -1 disabilita questa funzionalità."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GRUPPO</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP1</"
+#~ "replaceable>[<emphasis remap=\"I\">,GROUP2,...</emphasis>[<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">,GROUPN</emphasis>]]]"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GRUPPO1</"
+#~ "replaceable>[<emphasis remap=\"I\">,GRUPPO2,...</emphasis>[<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">,GRUPPON</emphasis>]]]"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NUOVO_LOGIN</replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--move-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--move-home</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "Move the content of the user's home directory to the new location."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Sposta il contenuto della directory home di un utente nella nuova "
+#~ "posizione."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-d</option> (or "
+#~ "<option>--home</option>) option."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Questa opzione è valida solo in combinazioone con l'opzione <option>-d</"
+#~ "option> (o <option>--home</option>)."
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid "<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>"
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>PASSWORD</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>PASSWORD</replaceable>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The encrypted password, as returned by "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La passwird cifrata, così come viene restituita da "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-v</option>, <option>--add-subuids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>INTERVALLO</replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-V</option>, <option>--del-subuids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>INTERVALLO</replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--add-subgids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>INTERVALLO</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "No checks will be performed with regard to the <option>GID_MIN</option>, "
+#~| "<option>GID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option>, or "
+#~| "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "No checks will be performed with regard to <option>SUB_GID_MIN</option>, "
+#~ "<option>SUB_GID_MAX</option>, or <option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> from /etc/"
+#~ "login.defs."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Non verrà effettuato nessun controllo riguardo i limiti <option>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>, <option>GID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> o "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> definiti in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename>."
+
+# type: IP
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--del-subgids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>INTERVALLO</replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>UTENTESE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "The new SELinux user for the user's login."
+#~ msgstr "Il nuovo utente SELinux per il login dell'utente."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "A blank <replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable> will remove the SELinux user "
+#~ "mapping for user <replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> (if any)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Un <replaceable>UTENTESE</replaceable> vuoto rimuoverà la mappatura per "
+#~ "l'utente SELinux da <replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> (se presente)."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_DIR</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAIL_DIR</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The mail spool directory. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when "
+#~ "its corresponding user account is modified or deleted. If not specified, "
+#~ "a compile-time default is used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La directory di spool per la posta. Questa è necessaria per manipolare la "
+#~ "casella di posta quando il corrispondente account utente viene modificato "
+#~ "o cancellato. Se non è specificata viene utilizzato un valore impostato "
+#~ "al momento della compilazione."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their "
+#~ "home directory."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Imposta la posizione delle caselle di posta degli utenti relative alla "
+#~ "loro directory home."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <option>MAIL_DIR</option> and <option>MAIL_FILE</option> variables "
+#~ "are used by <command>useradd</command>, <command>usermod</command>, and "
+#~ "<command>userdel</command> to create, move, or delete the user's mail "
+#~ "spool."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Le variabili <option>MAIL_DIR</option> e <option>MAIL_FILE</option> "
+#~ "vengono utilizzate da <command>useradd</command>, <command>usermod</"
+#~ "command> e <command>userdel</command> per creare, spostare e cancellare "
+#~ "le caselle di posta dell'utente."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> is set to <replaceable>yes</"
+#~ "replaceable>, they are also used to define the <envar>MAIL</envar> "
+#~ "environment variable."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se <option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> è impostata a <replaceable>yes</"
+#~ "replaceable> allora sono anche utilizzate per impostare la variabile "
+#~ "d'ambiente <envar>MAIL</envar>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</option> (numero)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group "
+#~ "entry (line) is started in <filename>/etc/group</filename> (with the same "
+#~ "name, same password, and same GID)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Numero massimo di membri per gruppo. Quando viene raggiunto il massimo, "
+#~ "viene creata una nuova riga per il gruppo nel file <filename>/etc/group</"
+#~ "filename> (con lo stesso nome, stessa password e stesso GID)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of "
+#~ "members in a group."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il valore predefinito è 0, che non pone nessun limite al numero di membri "
+#~ "per gruppo."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the "
+#~ "group file. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not "
+#~ "larger than 1024 characters."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Questa opzione (dividi gruppo) permette di limitare la lunghezza delle "
+#~ "righe nel file «group». Questo è utile per essere certi che le righe per "
+#~ "gruppi NIS non eccedano i 1024 caratteri."
+
+#~ msgid "If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25."
+#~ msgstr "Se si deve impostare questo limite, si può usare 25."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow "
+#~ "toolsuite). You should not use this variable unless you really need it."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nota: la divisione dei gruppi potrebbe non essere supportata da ogni "
+#~ "strumento (anche all'interno del pacchetto Shadow). Non si dovrebbe "
+#~ "utilizzare questa variabile a meno di esserci forzati."
+
+# type: IP
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (numerico)"
+
+# type: IP
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (numerico)"
+
+# type: IP
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (numerico)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The default value for <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (resp. "
+#~| "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option>) is 101 (resp. <option>GID_MIN</option>-1)."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default values for <option>SUB_GID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_GID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>, <option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> are respectively 100000, "
+#~ "600100000 and 10000."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il valore predefinito per <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (rispettivamente "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option>) è 101 (rispettivamente <option>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>-1)."
+
+# type: IP
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (numerico)"
+
+# type: IP
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (numerico)"
+
+# type: IP
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (numerico)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The default value for <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (resp. "
+#~| "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>) is 101 (resp. <option>UID_MIN</option>-1)."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default values for <option>SUB_UID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_UID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>, <option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> are respectively 100000, "
+#~ "600100000 and 10000."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il valore predefinito per <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (rispettivamente "
+#~ "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>) è 101 (rispettivamente <option>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>-1)."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>TCB_SYMLINKS</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TCB_SYMLINKS</option> (booleano)"
+
+#, no-wrap
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "if ( UID is less than 1000) {\n"
+#~ "  use /etc/tcb/user\n"
+#~ "} else if ( UID is less than 1000000) {\n"
+#~ "  kilos = UID / 1000\n"
+#~ "  use /etc/tcb/:kilos/user\n"
+#~ "  make symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory\n"
+#~ "} else {\n"
+#~ "  megas = UID / 1000000\n"
+#~ "  kilos = ( UID / megas * 1000000 ) / 1000\n"
+#~ "  use /etc/tcb/:megas/:kilos/user\n"
+#~ "  make symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory\n"
+#~ "}\n"
+#~ "      "
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "se ( UID è minore di 1000) {\n"
+#~ "  usa /etc/tcb/user\n"
+#~ "} altrimenti se ( UID è minore di 1000000) {\n"
+#~ "  migliaia = UID / 1000\n"
+#~ "  usa /etc/tcb/:migliaia/user\n"
+#~ "  crea link simbolico da /etc/tcb/user alla directory precedente\n"
+#~ "} altrimenti {\n"
+#~ "  milioni = UID / 1000000\n"
+#~ "  migliaia = ( UID / megas * 1000000 ) / 1000\n"
+#~ "  usa /etc/tcb/:milioni/:migliaia/user\n"
+#~ "  crea link simbolico da /etc/tcb/user alla directory precedente\n"
+#~ "}\n"
+#~ "    "
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the location of the user tcb directory "
+#~ "to be created will not be automatically set to /etc/tcb/user, but will be "
+#~ "computed depending on the UID of the user, according to the following "
+#~ "algorithm: <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se <replaceable>yes</replaceable> la posizione della directory utente tcb "
+#~ "non verrà creata automaticamente come /etc/tcb/user, ma verrà determinato "
+#~ "in base all'UID dell'utente secondo questo algoritmo: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>userdel</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Il comando <command>userdel</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>USERDEL_CMD</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>USERDEL_CMD</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, this command is run when removing a user. It should remove "
+#~ "any at/cron/print jobs etc. owned by the user to be removed (passed as "
+#~ "the first argument)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se definito, questo comando viene eseguito quando si cancella un utente. "
+#~ "Dovrebbe rimuovere tutti i compiti di stampa/cron/at di proprietà "
+#~ "dell'utente da cancellare (passato come primo argomento)."
+
+#~ msgid "The return code of the script is not taken into account."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il codice d'uscita restituito dallo script non è preso in considerazione."
+
+#, no-wrap
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "#! /bin/sh\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Check for the required argument.\n"
+#~ "if [ $# != 1 ]; then\n"
+#~ "\techo \"Usage: $0 username\"\n"
+#~ "\texit 1\n"
+#~ "fi\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Remove cron jobs.\n"
+#~ "crontab -r -u $1\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Remove at jobs.\n"
+#~ "# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID,\n"
+#~ "# even if it was shared by a different username.\n"
+#~ "AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs\n"
+#~ "find $AT_SPOOL_DIR -name \"[^.]*\" -type f -user $1 -delete \\;\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Remove print jobs.\n"
+#~ "lprm $1\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# All done.\n"
+#~ "exit 0\n"
+#~ "      "
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "#! /bin/sh\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Verifica la presenza dell'argomento obbligatorio\n"
+#~ "if [ $# != 1 ]; then\n"
+#~ "   echo \"Uso: $0 username\"\n"
+#~ "   exit 1\n"
+#~ "fi\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Rimuove i compiti di cron\n"
+#~ "crontab -r -u $1\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Rimuove i compiti di at\n"
+#~ "# Nota che verranno rimossi tutti i compiti di proprietà dello stesso UID,\n"
+#~ "# anche se condiviso con un altro nome utente.\n"
+#~ "AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs\n"
+#~ "find $AT_SPOOL_DIR -name \"[^.]*\" -type f -user $1 -delete \\;\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Rimuove le stampe\n"
+#~ "lprm $1\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Finito.\n"
+#~ "exit 0\n"
+#~ "    "
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Here is an example script, which removes the user's cron, at and print "
+#~ "jobs: <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Ecco uno script di esempio che rimuove i job dell'utente, sia di cron che "
+#~ "at che di stampa: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> (booleano)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits "
+#~ "(examples: 022 -&gt; 002, 077 -&gt; 007) for non-root users, if the uid "
+#~ "is the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Abilita l'impostazione dei bit di gruppo di umask in modo che siano gli "
+#~ "stessi dei bit del proprietario (esempio: 022 -&gt; 002, 077 -&gt; 007) "
+#~ "per utenti non root a condizione che uid e gid siano identici e che il "
+#~ "nome utente sia lo stesso del gruppo primario."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, <command>userdel</command> will "
+#~ "remove the user's group if it contains no more members, and "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> will create by default a group with the name "
+#~ "of the user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se impostato a <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, <command>userdel</command> "
+#~ "cancellerà il gruppo dell'utente se non contiene altri membri, e "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> creerà automaticamente un gruppo con lo stesso "
+#~ "nome dell'utente."
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>userdel</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il comando <command>userdel</command> esce con i seguenti valori: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>useradd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Il comando <command>useradd</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--base-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--base-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable>"
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-D</option>, <option>--defaults</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-D</option>, <option>--defaults</option>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days after a password expires until the account is "
+#~ "permanently disabled. A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the "
+#~ "password has expired, and a value of -1 disables the feature."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il numero di giorni dopo la scadenza della password prima che l'account "
+#~ "venga permanentemente disabilitato. Un valore pari a 0 disabilita "
+#~ "l'account non appena la password è scaduta, ed un valore pari a -1 "
+#~ "disabilita questa funzionalità."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-k</option>, <option>--skel</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SKEL_DIR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-k</option>, <option>--skel</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SKEL_DIR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults "
+#~| "(<option>UID_MIN</option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>UMASK</"
+#~| "option>, <option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> and others). <placeholder-1/> "
+#~| "Example: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PASS_MAX_DAYS</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>-1</replaceable> can be used when creating "
+#~| "system account to turn off password ageing, even though system account "
+#~| "has no password at all. Multiple <option>-K</option> options can be "
+#~| "specified, e.g.: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</"
+#~| "option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults (<option>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>UMASK</option>, "
+#~ "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> and others). <placeholder-1/> Example: "
+#~ "<option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PASS_MAX_DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>-1</replaceable> can be used when creating "
+#~ "system account to turn off password aging, even though system account has "
+#~ "no password at all. Multiple <option>-K</option> options can be "
+#~ "specified, e.g.: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>UID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Forza l'impostazione al di là di quanto specificato in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "login.defs</filename> (<option>UID_MIN</option>, <option>UID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>, <option>UMASK</option>, <option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> e altri). "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/> Esempio: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>PASS_MAX_DAYS</replaceable>=<replaceable>-1</replaceable> "
+#~ "può essere usato durante la creazione di account di sistema per "
+#~ "disabilitare la scadenza della password anche se l'account di sistema non "
+#~ "ha affatto la password. Possono essere specificate più opzioni <option>-"
+#~ "K</option>, come in: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>UID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--no-log-init</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--no-log-init</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-M</option>, <option>--no-create-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid "<option>-N</option>, <option>--no-user-group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-N</option>, <option>--no-user-group</option>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The encrypted password, as returned by "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>. The default is to disable the password."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La password cifrata, come restituita da "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>. Il comportamento predefinito è di disabilitare "
+#~ "la password."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--system</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--system</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "System users will be created with no aging information in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "shadow</filename>, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the "
+#~ "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> range, defined "
+#~ "in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, instead of <option>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>-<option>UID_MAX</option> (and their <option>GID</option> "
+#~ "counterparts for the creation of groups)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Gli utenti di sistema vengono creati senza le informazioni sulla scadenza "
+#~ "in <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> e con l'ID numerico scelto "
+#~ "nell'intervallo <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>, definito nel file <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, anziché "
+#~ "<option>UID_MIN</option>-<option>UID_MAX</option> (e le loro controparti "
+#~ "<option>GID</option> per la creazione dei gruppi)."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The name of the user's login shell. The default is to leave this field "
+#~ "blank, which causes the system to select the default login shell "
+#~ "specified by the <option>SHELL</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>, or an empty string by default."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il nome della shell di login dell'utente. Il comportamento predefinito è "
+#~ "di lasciare vuoto questo campo, che fa sì che il sistema selezioni la "
+#~ "shell di connessione predefinita tramite la variabile <option>SHELL</"
+#~ "option> in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, oppure un testo "
+#~ "vuoto."
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid "<option>-U</option>, <option>--user-group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-U</option>, <option>--user-group</option>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The SELinux user for the user's login. The default is to leave this field "
+#~ "blank, which causes the system to select the default SELinux user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "L'utente SELinux per questo login utente. Lasciando questo campo vuoto si "
+#~ "fa in modo che il sistema selezioni automaticamente l'utente SELinux."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option sets the <option>EXPIRE</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Questa opzione imposta la variabile <option>EXPIRE</option> del file "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days after a password has expired before the account will "
+#~ "be disabled."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il numero di giorni dopo la scadenza di una password prima che l'account "
+#~ "venga disabilitato."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option sets the <option>INACTIVE</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Questa opzione imposta la variabile <option>INACTIVE</option> del file "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The group name or ID for a new user's initial group (when the <option>-"
+#~| "N/--no-user-group</option> is used or when the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</"
+#~| "option> variable is set to <replaceable>no</replaceable> in <filename>/"
+#~| "etc/login.defs</filename>. The named group must exist, and a numerical "
+#~| "group ID must have an existing entry."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The group name or ID for a new user's initial group (when the <option>-"
+#~ "N/--no-user-group</option> is used or when the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</"
+#~ "option> variable is set to <replaceable>no</replaceable> in <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/login.defs</filename>). The named group must exist, and a numerical "
+#~ "group ID must have an existing entry."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il nome o l'ID del gruppo da usare come gruppo iniziale per il nuovo "
+#~ "utente (quando è usata l'opzione <option>-N/--no-user-group</option> o "
+#~ "quando la variabile <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> è impostata a "
+#~ "<replaceable>no</replaceable> nel file <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename>). Il gruppo indicato deve esistere, anche se viene utilizzato "
+#~ "l'ID numerico."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option sets the <option>GROUP</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Questa opzione imposta la variabile <option>GROUP</option> nel file "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>."
+
+#~ msgid "The name of a new user's login shell."
+#~ msgstr "Il nome della shell di login per il nuovo utente."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option sets the <option>SHELL</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Questa opzione imposta la variabile <option>SHELL</option> del file "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Usernames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed "
+#~ "by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with "
+#~ "a dollar sign. In regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "I nomi utente devono iniziare con una lettera minuscola o un underscore, "
+#~ "seguiti da lettere minuscole, cifre numeriche, underscore o trattini. "
+#~ "Possono terminare con il simbolo del dollaro. In termini di espressioni "
+#~ "regolari: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>CREATE_HOME</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CREATE_HOME</option> (booleano)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Indicate if a home directory should be created by default for new users."
+#~ msgstr "Indica se per i nuovi utenti va creata la directory home."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This setting does not apply to system users, and can be overridden on the "
+#~ "command line."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Questa impostazione non viene applicata agli utenti di sistema e può "
+#~ "essere modificata sulla riga di comando."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>GID_MAX</option> (numerico)"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>GID_MIN</option> (numerico)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command>, <command>groupadd</command>, or "
+#~ "<command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Intervallo di ID di gruppo per la creazione di gruppi normali tramite "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command>, <command>groupadd</command> o "
+#~ "<command>newusers</command>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>GID_MIN</option> (resp. <option>GID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>) is 1000 (resp. 60000)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il valore predefinito per <option>GID_MIN</option> (rispettivamente "
+#~ "<option>GID_MAX</option>) è 1000 (rispettivmente 60000)."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> (numerico)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The maximum number of days a password may be used. If the password is "
+#~ "older than this, a password change will be forced. If not specified, -1 "
+#~ "will be assumed (which disables the restriction)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il numero massimo di giorni che una password può essere utilizzata. Se la "
+#~ "password è più vecchia verrà imposto il suo cambiamento. Se non "
+#~ "specificato viene assunto -1 (che disabilita questo controllo)."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> (numerico)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The minimum number of days allowed between password changes. Any password "
+#~ "changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected. If not specified, -1 "
+#~ "will be assumed (which disables the restriction)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il numero minimo di giorni tra due cambiamenti di password. Ogni "
+#~ "tentativo di cambiare la password prima di questo periodo verrà "
+#~ "rifiutato. Se non specificato viene assunto -1 (che disabilita questo "
+#~ "controllo)."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> (numerico)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days warning given before a password expires. A zero means "
+#~ "warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means "
+#~ "no warning is given. If not specified, no warning will be provided."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il numero di giorni per i quali un utente va avvisato che la sua password "
+#~ "sta per scadere. Se zero l'utente viene avvisato solo alla scadenza. Un "
+#~ "valore negativo indica che non si deve avvisare mai. Se non specificato "
+#~ "allora non c'è nessun avviso."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (numerico)"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (numerico)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command>, <command>groupadd</command>, or "
+#~ "<command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Intervallo di ID di gruppo utilizzato per la creazione di un gruppo di "
+#~ "sistema da <command>useradd</command>, <command>groupadd</command> o "
+#~ "<command>newusers</command>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (resp. "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option>) is 101 (resp. <option>GID_MIN</option>-1)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il valore predefinito per <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (rispettivamente "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option>) è 101 (rispettivamente <option>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>-1)."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (numerico)"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (numerico)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> or <command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Intervallo di ID utente per la creazione degli utenti di sistema con "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> o <command>newusers</command>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (resp. "
+#~ "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>) is 101 (resp. <option>UID_MIN</option>-1)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il valore predefinito per <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (rispettivamente "
+#~ "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>) è 101 (rispettivamente <option>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>-1)."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>TCB_AUTH_GROUP</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TCB_AUTH_GROUP</option> (booleano)"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, newly created tcb shadow files will be "
+#~ "group owned by the <replaceable>auth</replaceable> group."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se <replaceable>yes</replaceable> i file shadow tcb di prossima creazione "
+#~ "avranno come gruppo proprietario il gruppo <replaceable>auth</"
+#~ "replaceable>."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>UID_MAX</option> (numerico)"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>UID_MIN</option> (numerico)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> or <command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Intervallo di ID utente da utilizzare nella creazione degli utenti "
+#~ "normali tramite <command>useradd</command> o <command>newusers</command>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>UID_MIN</option> (resp. <option>UID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>) is 1000 (resp. 60000)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il valore predefinito per <option>UID_MIN</option> (rispettivamente "
+#~ "<option>UID_MAX</option>) è 1000 (rispettivamente 60000)."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>UMASK</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>UMASK</option> (numerico)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value. If not "
+#~ "specified, the mask will be initialized to 022."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La maschera di permessi alla creazione dei file è inizializzata con "
+#~ "questo valore. Se non specificato la maschera viene impostata a 022."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> and <command>newusers</command> use this mask "
+#~ "to set the mode of the home directory they create"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> e <command>newusers</command> usano questa "
+#~ "maschera per impostare i permessi della directory home che creano."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "It is also used by <command>login</command> to define users' initial "
+#~ "umask. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user's GECOS line (if "
+#~ "<option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> is set) or by the specification of a limit "
+#~ "with the <emphasis>K</emphasis> identifier in "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>limits</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Viene anche utilizzata da <command>login</command> per definire la "
+#~ "maschera iniziale dell'utente. Notare che questa maschera può essere "
+#~ "modificata dalla riga GECOS dell'utente (se <option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> "
+#~ "è impostato) o specificando un limite con l'identificativo <emphasis>K</"
+#~ "emphasis> in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>limits</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "It is also used by <command>pam_umask</command> as the default umask "
+#~ "value."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Viene anche utilizzato da <command>pam_umask</command> come valore umask "
+#~ "predefinito."
+
+#~ msgid "username already in use"
+#~ msgstr "nome utente già in uso"
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>useradd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il comando <command>useradd</command> restituisce i seguenti valori:"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Additional arguments may be provided after the username, in which case "
+#~ "they are supplied to the user's login shell. In particular, an argument "
+#~ "of <option>-c</option> will cause the next argument to be treated as a "
+#~ "command by most command interpreters. The command will be executed by the "
+#~ "shell specified in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> for the target user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Dopo il nome utente, è possibile specificare argomenti aggiuntivi da "
+#~ "passare alla shell di login dell'utente. In particolare, molti interpreti "
+#~ "di comando adottano la convenzione per cui l'opzione <option>-c</option> "
+#~ "seguita da un argomento fa sì che quest'ultimo sia considerato un "
+#~ "comando. Il comando viene eseguito dalla shell specificata in <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/passwd</filename> per l'utente di destinazione."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You can use the <option>--</option> argument to separate <command>su</"
+#~ "command> options from the arguments supplied to the shell."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si può utilizzare <option>--</option> per separare le opzioni di "
+#~ "<command>su</command> dagli argomenti passati alla shell."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--command</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--command</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMANDO</replaceable>"
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>-p</option>, <option>--preserve-environment</"
+#~ "option>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>-p</option>, <option>--preserve-environment</"
+#~ "option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>CONSOLE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CONSOLE</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, either full pathname of a file containing device names (one "
+#~ "per line) or a \":\" delimited list of device names. Root logins will be "
+#~ "allowed only upon these devices."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se definito, o il percorso completo di un file che contiene l'elenco di "
+#~ "nomi di device (uno per riga) oppure un elenco di nomi di device separati "
+#~ "da «:». L'accesso come root verrà permesso solo attraverso questi device."
+
+#~ msgid "If not defined, root will be allowed on any device."
+#~ msgstr "Se non definito, root potrà accedere da qualsiasi device."
+
+#~ msgid "The device should be specified without the /dev/ prefix."
+#~ msgstr "Il nome di device deve essere specificato senza il prefisso /dev."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>CONSOLE_GROUPS</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CONSOLE_GROUPS</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "List of groups to add to the user's supplementary groups set when logging "
+#~ "in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting). Default is "
+#~ "none. <placeholder-1/> Use with caution - it is possible for users to "
+#~ "gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the "
+#~ "console."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Elenco di gruppi da aggiungere ai gruppi supplementari dell'utente quando "
+#~ "questi accede dalla console (come determinato dalla impostazione "
+#~ "CONSOLE). Il valore predefinito è nullo. <placeholder-1/> Usare con "
+#~ "cautela - è possibile che gli utenti ottengano l'accesso permanente a "
+#~ "questi gruppi anche se non accedono dalla console."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>DEFAULT_HOME</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>DEFAULT_HOME</option> (booleano)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Indicate if login is allowed if we can't cd to the home directory. "
+#~ "Default is no."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Indica se permettere l'accesso al sistema anche se non si può accedere "
+#~ "alla directory home. Il valore predefinito è no."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the user will login in the root "
+#~ "(<filename>/</filename>) directory if it is not possible to cd to her "
+#~ "home directory."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se impostato a <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, l'utente accederà alla "
+#~ "directory root (<filename>/</filename>) nel caso che non sia possibile "
+#~ "accedere alla propria directory home."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_HZ</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_HZ</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user "
+#~ "login. The value must be preceded by <replaceable>HZ=</replaceable>. A "
+#~ "common value on Linux is <replaceable>HZ=100</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se impostato viene utilizzato per definire il valore della variabile "
+#~ "d'ambiente HZ al login dell'utente. Il valore deve essere preceduto da "
+#~ "<replaceable>HZ=</replaceable>. Un valore comune per Linux è "
+#~ "<replaceable>HZ=100</replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <envar>HZ</envar> environment variable is only set when the user (the "
+#~ "superuser) logs in with <command>sulogin</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La variabile d'ambiente <envar>HZ</envar> viene impostata solo quando "
+#~ "l'utente (il super utente) accede con <command>sulogin</command>."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If this file exists and is readable, login environment will be read from "
+#~ "it. Every line should be in the form name=value."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se questo file esiste ed è leggibile, l'ambiente di login viene letto da "
+#~ "lì. Ogni riga deve essere nella forma nome=valore."
+
+#~ msgid "Lines starting with a # are treated as comment lines and ignored."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Le righe che iniziano con «#» sono trattate come commenti e ignorate."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_PATH</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_PATH</option> (testo)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a "
+#~| "regular user login. The value can be preceded by <replaceable>PATH=</"
+#~| "replaceable>, or a colon separated list of paths (for example "
+#~| "<replaceable>/bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>). The default value is "
+#~| "<replaceable>PATH=/bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a "
+#~ "regular user login. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for "
+#~ "example <replaceable>/bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>) and can be preceded by "
+#~ "<replaceable>PATH=</replaceable>. The default value is <replaceable>PATH=/"
+#~ "bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se impostato, viene utilizzato per definire la variabile d'ambiente PATH "
+#~ "all'accesso di un utente normale. Il valore può essere preceduto da "
+#~ "<replaceable>PATH=</replaceable> e composto da una lista di directory "
+#~ "separate da «:» (per esempio <replaceable>/bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>). "
+#~ "Il valore predefinito è <replaceable>PATH=/bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (testo)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the "
+#~| "superuser login. The value can be preceded by <replaceable>PATH=</"
+#~| "replaceable>, or a colon separated list of paths (for example "
+#~| "<replaceable>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>). The default "
+#~| "value is <replaceable>PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the "
+#~ "superuser login. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for "
+#~ "example <replaceable>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>) and can "
+#~ "be preceded by <replaceable>PATH=</replaceable>. The default value is "
+#~ "<replaceable>PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "> #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)\n"
+#~ "> > msgid \"\"\n"
+#~ "> > \"If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable "
+#~ "when the \"\n"
+#~ "> > \"superuser login. The value can be preceded by <replaceable>PATH=</"
+#~ "\"\n"
+#~ "> > \"replaceable>, or a colon separated list of paths (for example "
+#~ "<replaceable>/\"\n"
+#~ "> > \"sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>). The default value is "
+#~ "\"\n"
+#~ "> > \"<replaceable>PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>.\"\n"
+#~ "> > msgstr \"Se impostato, viene utilizzato per definire la variabile "
+#~ "d'ambiente PATH al login del superutente. Il valore può essere preceduto "
+#~ "da <replaceable>PATH=</replaceable>, ed è formato da un elenco di "
+#~ "directory separati dal «:» (ad esempio <replaceable>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/"
+#~ "usr/bin</replaceable>). Il valore predefinito è <replaceable>PATH=/sbin:/"
+#~ "bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>.\"\n"
+#~ "> \n"
+#~ "> s/separatI dal/separatE da\n"
+#~ "> "
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_TZ</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_TZ</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user "
+#~ "login. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by "
+#~ "<replaceable>TZ=</replaceable> (for example <replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</"
+#~ "replaceable>), or the full path to the file containing the timezone "
+#~ "specification (for example <filename>/etc/tzname</filename>)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se impostato viene usato per definire la variabile d'ambiente TZ al login "
+#~ "dell'utente. Il valore può essere il nome di una «timezone» preceduta da "
+#~ "<replaceable>TZ=</replaceable> (ad esempio <replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</"
+#~ "replaceable>), o il percorso completo di un file che contenga la "
+#~ "specifica della «timezone» (ad esempio <filename>/etc/tzname</filename>)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be "
+#~ "read, the default is to use <replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se viene specificato il percorso completo di un file che però non esiste "
+#~ "o non può essere letto, allora viene utilizzato il valore predefinito "
+#~ "<replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</replaceable>."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_STRING</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOGIN_STRING</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The string used for prompting a password. The default is to use "
+#~ "\"Password: \", or a translation of that string. If you set this "
+#~ "variable, the prompt will not be translated."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il testo da utilizzare per richiedere la password. Il valore predefinito "
+#~ "è «Password: » o una sua traduzione. Se si imposta questa variabile "
+#~ "allora il testo non verrà tradotto."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If the string contains <replaceable>%s</replaceable>, this will be "
+#~ "replaced by the user's name."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se il testo contiene <replaceable>%s</replaceable>, questo verrà "
+#~ "sostituito dal nome dell'utente."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable checking and display of mailbox status upon login."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Abilita la verifica e stampa a video dello stato della casella di posta "
+#~ "al momento dell'accesso al sistema."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You should disable it if the shell startup files already check for mail "
+#~ "(\"mailx -e\" or equivalent)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Andrebbe disabilitato se i file di avvio della shell effettuano già "
+#~ "questo controllo («mailx -e» o equivalente)."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> (booleano)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable setting of resource limits from <filename>/etc/limits</filename> "
+#~ "and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user's passwd gecos field."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Abilita l'impostazione di limiti di risorsa definiti in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "limits</filename> e ulimit, umask e livello di «nice» in base al campo "
+#~ "gecos del passwd dell'utente."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>SULOG_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SULOG_FILE</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid "If defined, all su activity is logged to this file."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se definito, tutta l'attività di «su» viene tracciata in questo file."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>SU_NAME</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SU_NAME</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, the command name to display when running \"su -\". For "
+#~ "example, if this is defined as \"su\" then a \"ps\" will display the "
+#~ "command is \"-su\". If not defined, then \"ps\" would display the name of "
+#~ "the shell actually being run, e.g. something like \"-sh\"."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se definito è il nome del comando da mostrare quando si esegue «su -». Ad "
+#~ "esempio, se lo di definisce come «su» allora «ps» mostrerà che il comando "
+#~ "è «-su». Se non definito, «ps» mostrerà il nome della shell invocata, "
+#~ "come «-sh»."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>SU_WHEEL_ONLY</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SU_WHEEL_ONLY</option> (booleano)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the user must be listed as a member of "
+#~ "the first gid 0 group in <filename>/etc/group</filename> (called "
+#~ "<replaceable>root</replaceable> on most Linux systems) to be able to "
+#~ "<command>su</command> to uid 0 accounts. If the group doesn't exist or is "
+#~ "empty, no one will be able to <command>su</command> to uid 0."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, l'utente deve essere elencato come "
+#~ "membro del primo gruppo con gid 0 in <filename>/etc/group</filename> "
+#~ "(chiamato <replaceable>root</replaceable> in molti sistemi Linux) perché "
+#~ "sia possibile usare <command>su</command> verso account con uid 0. Se il "
+#~ "gruppo non esiste o è vuoto, nessuno potrà utilizzare <command>su</"
+#~ "command> verso uid 0."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>SYSLOG_SU_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYSLOG_SU_ENAB</option> (booleano)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable \"syslog\" logging of <command>su</command> activity - in addition "
+#~ "to sulog file logging."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Abilita la tracciatura su «syslog» dell'attività di <command>su</"
+#~ "command>, oltre a quella sul file «sulog»."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>SYSLOG_SG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYSLOG_SG_ENAB</option> (booleano)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable \"syslog\" logging of <command>sg</command> activity."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Abilita il tracciamento dell'attività di <command>sg</command> su "
+#~ "«syslog»."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>pwunconv</command> command creates <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">passwd</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</"
+#~ "emphasis> and <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> and then removes "
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>pwunconv</command> crea <emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</emphasis> "
+#~ "da <emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</emphasis> e <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> e poi cancella <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>grpconv</command> command creates <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</"
+#~ "emphasis> and an optionally existing <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</"
+#~ "emphasis>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>grpconv</command> crea <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis> "
+#~ "da <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> e da un eventuale preesistente "
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>grpunconv</command> command creates <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> "
+#~ "and <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis> and then removes <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>grpunconv</command> crea <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> "
+#~ "da <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> e <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis> e quindi rimuove <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<command>pwconv</command> will use the values of <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_MIN_DAYS</emphasis>, <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_MAX_DAYS</emphasis>, and <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_WARN_AGE</emphasis> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename> when adding new entries to <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>pwconv</command> userà i valori <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_MIN_DAYS</emphasis>, <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_MAX_DAYS</emphasis> e <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_WARN_AGE</emphasis> da <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename> al momento dell'aggiunta di nuove voci a <filename>/etc/shadow</"
+#~ "filename>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>pwconv</command>, "
+#~ "<command>pwunconv</command>, <command>grpconv</command>, and "
+#~ "<command>grpunconv</command> commands are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Le opzioni che si possono applicare ai comandi <command>pwconv</command>, "
+#~ "<command>pwunconv</command>, <command>grpconv</command> e "
+#~ "<command>grpunconv</command> sono:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The following configuration variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename> changes the behavior of <command>grpconv</command> and "
+#~ "<command>grpunconv</command>:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Le seguenti variabili di configurazione in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename> influenzano il comportamento di <command>grpconv</command> e "
+#~ "<command>grpunconv</command>:"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase condition=\"tcb\">, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_convert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_unconvert</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase condition=\"tcb\">, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_convert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_unconvert</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>pwck</command> command verifies the integrity of the users "
+#~ "and authentication information. It checks that all entries in <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">(or the files in <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>, when "
+#~ "<option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled)</phrase> have the proper format and "
+#~ "contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are "
+#~ "improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>pwck</command> verifica l'integrità delle informazioni su utenti "
+#~ "e autenticazione del sistema. Ogni voce in <filename>/etc/passwd</"
+#~ "filename> e in <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">(o nei file in <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>, quando "
+#~ "<option>USE_TCB<option> è abilitato)</phrase> viene controllata per "
+#~ "verificare che abbia il formato corretto e dati validi in ciascun campo. "
+#~ "Viene richiesto all'utente di rimuovere le voci che non hanno un formato "
+#~ "appropriato o che hanno altri errori impossibili da correggere."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>pwck</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Il comando <command>pwck</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--read-only</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--read-only</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sort</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sort</option>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The encrypted password field may be blank, in which case no password is "
+#~ "required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some "
+#~ "applications which read the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file may "
+#~ "decide not to permit <emphasis>any</emphasis> access at all if the "
+#~ "<emphasis>password</emphasis> field is blank. If the <emphasis>password</"
+#~ "emphasis> field is a lower-case <quote>x</quote>, then the encrypted "
+#~ "password is actually stored in the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file instead; there "
+#~ "<emphasis>must</emphasis> be a corresponding line in the <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "shadow</filename> file, or else the user account is invalid. If the "
+#~ "<emphasis>password</emphasis> field is any other string, then it will be "
+#~ "treated as an encrypted password, as specified by "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il campo password cifrata può essere vuoto, nel qual caso non viene "
+#~ "richiesta nessuna password per autenticare lo specifico login. Tuttavia "
+#~ "alcune applicazioni che leggono il file <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> "
+#~ "possono decidere di non permettere <emphasis>nessun</emphasis> accesso se "
+#~ "il campo <emphasis>password</emphasis> è vuoto. Se il campo "
+#~ "<emphasis>password</emphasis> contiene solo una <quote>x</quote> "
+#~ "minuscola, la password cifrata è invece memorizzata nel file "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>; ci <emphasis>deve</emphasis> essere una riga "
+#~ "corrispondente nel file <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> altrimenti "
+#~ "l'account non sarà valido. Se il campo <emphasis>password</emphasis> ha "
+#~ "un qualsiasi altro contenuto allora viene trattato come password cifrata, "
+#~ "come specificato da <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il campo di commento è utilizzato da vari strumenti di sistema come ad "
+#~ "esempio <citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INATTIVO</replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_GIORNI</replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--repository</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--repository</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-S</option>, <option>--status</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-S</option>, <option>--status</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>AVVISO_GIORNI</replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-x</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-x</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_GIORNI</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting "
+#~ "passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Definisce l'algoritmo di cifratura predefinito per le password (se non ne "
+#~ "viene specificato uno a riga di comando)."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "It can take one of these values: <replaceable>DES</replaceable> "
+#~ "(default), <replaceable>MD5</replaceable><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"sha_crypt\">, <replaceable>SHA256</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>SHA512</replaceable></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Può avere uno dei seguenti valori: <replaceable>DES</replaceable> "
+#~ "(predefinito), <replaceable>MD5</replaceable><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"sha_crypt\">, <replaceable>SHA256</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>SHA512</replaceable></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: this parameter overrides the <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> "
+#~ "variable."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nota: questo parametro ha la precedenza sulla variabile "
+#~ "<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords. The generation "
+#~ "of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration. It "
+#~ "is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM "
+#~ "configuration."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nota: questo ha effetto solo sulla generazione delle password di gruppo. "
+#~ "La generazione delle password utente avviene tramite PAM ed è soggetta "
+#~ "alla configurazione PAM. È raccomandato di impostare questa variabile in "
+#~ "maniera consistente con la configurazione PAM."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> (booleano)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5-based algorithm. If "
+#~ "set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, new passwords will be encrypted "
+#~ "using the MD5-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent "
+#~ "releases of FreeBSD. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer "
+#~ "salt strings. Set to <replaceable>no</replaceable> if you need to copy "
+#~ "encrypted passwords to other systems which don't understand the new "
+#~ "algorithm. Default is <replaceable>no</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Indica se le password vanno cifrate usando l'algoritmo basato su MD5. Se "
+#~ "impostato a <replaceable>yes</replaceable> le nuove password saranno "
+#~ "cifrate usando un algoritmo basato su MD5 e compatibile con quello delle "
+#~ "versioni più recenti di FreeBSD. Supporta password di lunghezza qualsiasi "
+#~ "e testi «salt» più lunghi. Impostare a <replaceable>no</replaceable> se "
+#~ "si devono copiare password su altri sistemi che non gestiscono "
+#~ "l'algoritmo. Il valore predefinito è <replaceable>no</replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This variable is superseded by the <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> "
+#~ "variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption "
+#~ "algorithm."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Questa variabile ha meno priorità della variabile <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</"
+#~ "option> e di qualsiasi opzione a riga di comando che imposta un algoritmo "
+#~ "di cifratura."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This variable is deprecated. You should use <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</"
+#~ "option>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Questa variabile non è più usata. Si dovrebbe utilizzare "
+#~ "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option>."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (booleano)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable additional checks upon password changes."
+#~ msgstr "Abilita controlli addizionali durante il cambio password."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_ALWAYS_WARN</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_ALWAYS_WARN</option> (booleano)"
+
+#~ msgid "Warn about weak passwords (but still allow them) if you are root."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Avvisa riguardo password deboli (anche se le permette egualmente) se si è "
+#~ "root."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_CHANGE_TRIES</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_CHANGE_TRIES</option> (numerico)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Maximum number of attempts to change password if rejected (too easy)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Massimo numero di tentativi per cambiare una password (troppo facile)."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> (numerico)"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MIN_LEN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MIN_LEN</option> (numerico)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Number of significant characters in the password for crypt(). "
+#~ "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> is 8 by default. Don't change unless your "
+#~ "crypt() is better. This is ignored if <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> set "
+#~ "to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Numero di caratteri significativi della password per crypt(). "
+#~ "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> è normalmente 8. Da non cambiare a meno che "
+#~ "la propria crypt() sia migliore. Questo viene ignorato se "
+#~ "<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> è impostata a <replaceable>yes</"
+#~ "replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> (numerico)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> (numerico)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "When <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> is set to <replaceable>SHA256</"
+#~ "replaceable> or <replaceable>SHA512</replaceable>, this defines the "
+#~ "number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when "
+#~ "the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Quando <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> vale <replaceable>SHA256</"
+#~ "replaceable> o <replaceable>SHA512</replaceable>, questo definisce il "
+#~ "numero di cicli SHA usati per l'algoritmo di cifratura (quando il numero "
+#~ "di cicli non è impostato a riga di comando)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password. "
+#~ "But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate "
+#~ "users."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Con molti cicli è più difficile trovare una password usando la forza "
+#~ "bruta. Ma va notato che è richiesta maggiore potenza di calcolo per "
+#~ "autenticare gli utenti."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds "
+#~ "(5000)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se non specificato sarà la libc a scegliere il numero di cicli (5000)."
+
+#~ msgid "The values must be inside the 1000-999,999,999 range."
+#~ msgstr "Il valore deve essere compreso tra 1.000 e 999.999.999."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If only one of the <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> or "
+#~ "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> values is set, then this value will "
+#~ "be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se viene impostato solo uno tra <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> e "
+#~ "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option>, allora l'unico valore viene "
+#~ "utilizzato."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> &gt; "
+#~ "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option>, the highest value will be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> &gt; "
+#~ "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option>, allora viene utilizzato il "
+#~ "maggiore."
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>passwd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "Il comando <command>passwd</command> restituisce i seguenti valori:"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "To disable all logins, investigate <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Per diabilitare tutti gli accessi vedere "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified "
+#~ "directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or "
+#~ "updated and its primary group."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se questo campo non contiene il nome di una directory esistente la "
+#~ "directory viene creata, assegnandone la proprietà all'utente che si sta "
+#~ "definendo o aggiornando e al suo gruppo primario."
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>newusers</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Il comando <command>newusers</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "PAM configuration for <command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr "Configurazione PAM per <command>newusers</command>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>CHFN_AUTH</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CHFN_AUTH</option> (booleano)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <command>chfn</command> program "
+#~ "will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the "
+#~ "superuser."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, il programma <command>chfn</command> "
+#~ "richiederà l'autenticazione prima di apportare qualsiasi modifica, a meno "
+#~ "che non sia eseguito dal super utente."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>CHFN_RESTRICT</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CHFN_RESTRICT</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This parameter specifies which values in the <emphasis remap=\"I\">gecos</"
+#~ "emphasis> field of the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file may be "
+#~ "changed by regular users using the <command>chfn</command> program. It "
+#~ "can be any combination of letters <replaceable>f</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>r</replaceable>, <replaceable>w</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>h</replaceable>, for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and "
+#~ "Home phone, respectively. For backward compatibility, <replaceable>yes</"
+#~ "replaceable> is equivalent to <replaceable>rwh</replaceable> and "
+#~ "<replaceable>no</replaceable> is equivalent to <replaceable>frwh</"
+#~ "replaceable>. If not specified, only the superuser can make any changes. "
+#~ "The most restrictive setting is better achieved by not installing "
+#~ "<command>chfn</command> SUID."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Questo parametro specifica quali valori del campo <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">gecos</emphasis> del file <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> "
+#~ "possono essere cambiati da utenti normali usando il programma "
+#~ "<command>chfn</command>. Può essere una combinazione qualsiasi delle "
+#~ "lettere <replaceable>f</replaceable>, <replaceable>r</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>w</replaceable>, <replaceable>h</replaceable> per «Nome "
+#~ "completo (f)», «Numero stanza (r)», «Telefono di lavoro (w)» e «Telefono "
+#~ "di casa (h)». Per compatibilità con precedenti versioni, "
+#~ "<replaceable>yes</replaceable> è quivalente a <replaceable>rwh</"
+#~ "replaceable> e <replaceable>no</replaceable> è equivalente a "
+#~ "<replaceable>frwh</replaceable>. Se non specificato, solo il super utente "
+#~ "può effettuare modifiche. Le impostazioni più stringenti si ottengono "
+#~ "installando <command>chfn</command> non SUID."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>CHSH_AUTH</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CHSH_AUTH</option> (booleano)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <command>chsh</command> program "
+#~ "will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the "
+#~ "superuser."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, il comando <command>chsh</command> "
+#~ "richiederà l'autenticazione prima di apportare qualsiasi modifica, a meno "
+#~ "che sia utilizzato dal super utente."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>ERASECHAR</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ERASECHAR</option> (numerico)"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Terminal ERASE character (<replaceable>010</replaceable> = backspace, "
+#~ "<replaceable>0177</replaceable> = DEL)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Carattere ERASE del terminale (<replaceable>010</replaceable> = "
+#~ "backspace, <replaceable>0177</replaceable> = Canc)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The value can be prefixed \"0\" for an octal value, or \"0x\" for an "
+#~ "hexadecimal value."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il valore deve avere il prefisso «0» se in ottale, o «0x» se esadecimale."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>FAIL_DELAY</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FAIL_DELAY</option> (numerico)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Delay in seconds before being allowed another attempt after a login "
+#~ "failure."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Numero di secondi prima che venga concesso un ulteriore tentativo dopo un "
+#~ "accesso fallito."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>FAILLOG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FAILLOG_ENAB</option> (booleano)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable logging and display of <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> login "
+#~ "failure info."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Abilita la memorizzazione e mostra le informazioni sugli accessi falliti "
+#~ "contenute in <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename>."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>FAKE_SHELL</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FAKE_SHELL</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, <command>login</command> will execute this shell instead of the "
+#~ "users' shell specified in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se impostato, <command>login</command> eseguirà questa shell al posto di "
+#~ "quella utente specificata in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>FTMP_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FTMP_FILE</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, login failures will be logged in this file in a utmp format."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se impostato, gli accessi falliti verranno tracciati in questo file nel "
+#~ "formato utmp."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>HUSHLOGIN_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>HUSHLOGIN_FILE</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, this file can inhibit all the usual chatter during the login "
+#~ "sequence. If a full pathname is specified, then hushed mode will be "
+#~ "enabled if the user's name or shell are found in the file. If not a full "
+#~ "pathname, then hushed mode will be enabled if the file exists in the "
+#~ "user's home directory."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se definito, questo file inibisce quanto stampato durante l'accesso. Se "
+#~ "viene specificato un percorso completo, la modalità silenziosa (hushed) "
+#~ "viene attivata se in quel file è presente il nome dell'utente o della "
+#~ "shell dell'utente. Se il percorso non è completo, allora la modalità "
+#~ "silenziosa viene attivata se quel file è presente nella directory home "
+#~ "dell'utente."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>ISSUE_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ISSUE_FILE</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid "If defined, this file will be displayed before each login prompt."
+#~ msgstr "Se definito, il file verrà mostrato prima del prompt di login."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>KILLCHAR</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>KILLCHAR</option> (numerico)"
+
+#~ msgid "Terminal KILL character (<replaceable>025</replaceable> = CTRL/U)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il carattere da usare sul terminale per cancellare l'intera riga "
+#~ "(<replaceable>025</replaceable> = CTRL-U)"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>LASTLOG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LASTLOG_ENAB</option> (booleano)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable logging and display of /var/log/lastlog login time info."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Abilita la memorizzazione e la stampa delle informazioni sulle date degli "
+#~ "ultimi accessi in /var/log/lastlog."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>LOG_OK_LOGINS</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOG_OK_LOGINS</option> (booleano)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable logging of successful logins."
+#~ msgstr "Abilita la tracciatura degli accessi avvenuti con successo."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB</option> (booleano)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable display of unknown usernames when login failures are recorded."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Abilita l'inclusione dei nomi utente sconosciuti quando si registrano gli "
+#~ "accessi falliti."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: logging unknown usernames may be a security issue if an user enter "
+#~ "her password instead of her login name."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nota: memorizzare i nomi sconosciuti potrebbe diventare un problema "
+#~ "legato alla sicurezza se un utente inserisce la propria password al posto "
+#~ "del nome utente."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_RETRIES</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOGIN_RETRIES</option> (numerico)"
+
+#~ msgid "Maximum number of login retries in case of bad password."
+#~ msgstr "Massimo numero di tentativi di accesso per password errata."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This will most likely be overridden by PAM, since the default pam_unix "
+#~ "module has its own built in of 3 retries. However, this is a safe "
+#~ "fallback in case you are using an authentication module that does not "
+#~ "enforce PAM_MAXTRIES."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Questa impostazione verrà probabilmente superata da quella di PAM poiché "
+#~ "il modulo predefinito pam_unix ha una sua gestione con 3 tentativi. In "
+#~ "ogni caso questa è una impostazione di sicurezza nel caso in cui si "
+#~ "utilizzi un modulo PAM che ignora PAM_MAXTRIES."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_TIMEOUT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOGIN_TIMEOUT</option> (numerico)"
+
+#~ msgid "Max time in seconds for login."
+#~ msgstr "Numero massimo di secondi per l'accesso."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>MOTD_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MOTD_FILE</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, \":\" delimited list of \"message of the day\" files to be "
+#~ "displayed upon login."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se definito è una lista di nomi di file con «messaggi del giorno» "
+#~ "separati da «:» che vengono mostrati subito dopo l'accesso."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>NOLOGINS_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>NOLOGINS_FILE</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, name of file whose presence will inhibit non-root logins. The "
+#~ "contents of this file should be a message indicating why logins are "
+#~ "inhibited."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se definito è il nome di un file che impedisce l'accesso degli utenti non "
+#~ "root. Il suo contenuto dovrebbe essere un messaggio che indica il motivo "
+#~ "per il quale l'accesso è impedito."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (booleano)"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable checking of time restrictions specified in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "porttime</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Abilita la verifica delle restrizioni temporali specificate in <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/porttime</filename>."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYGROUP</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TTYGROUP</option> (testo)"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYPERM</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TTYPERM</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the "
+#~ "<option>TTYGROUP</option> group, and the permissions will be set to "
+#~ "<option>TTYPERM</option>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "I permessi del terminale: il tty usato per l'accesso sarà di proprietà "
+#~ "del gruppo <option>TTYGROUP</option> e avrà permessi impostati a "
+#~ "<option>TTYPERM</option>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user's primary "
+#~ "group and the permissions are set to <replaceable>0600</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "In maniera predefinita la proprietà del terminale sarà impostata al "
+#~ "gruppo primario dell'utente, mentre i permessi saranno <replaceable>0600</"
+#~ "replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>TTYGROUP</option> can be either the name of a group or a numeric "
+#~ "group identifier."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>TTYGROUP</option> può essere il nome del gruppo o il suo "
+#~ "identificativo numerico."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If you have a <command>write</command> program which is \"setgid\" to a "
+#~ "special group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the group "
+#~ "number and TTYPERM to 0620. Otherwise leave TTYGROUP commented out and "
+#~ "assign TTYPERM to either 622 or 600."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se si ha il comando <command>write</command> che è «setgid» e ha un "
+#~ "gruppo speciale che possiede i terminali, definire TTYGROUP con lo stesso "
+#~ "gruppo e TTYPERM a 0620. Altrimenti lasciare TTYGROUP commentato e "
+#~ "assegnare TTYPERM a 622 o 600."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYTYPE_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TTYTYPE_FILE</option> (testo)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, file which maps tty line to TERM environment parameter. Each "
+#~ "line of the file is in a format something like \"vt100 tty01\"."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se definito si tratta di un file che mappa le linee tty nella variabile "
+#~ "d'ambiente TERM. Ogni riga del file è in un formato tipo «vt100 tty01»."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>ULIMIT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ULIMIT</option> (numerico)"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid "Default <command>ulimit</command> value."
+#~ msgstr "Valore <command>ulimit</command> predefinito."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CHFN_AUTH</phrase> CHFN_RESTRICT <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CHFN_AUTH</phrase> CHFN_RESTRICT <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ "
+#~ "ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FAILLOG_ENAB</phrase> FAKE_SHELL <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FTMP_FILE</phrase> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">ISSUE_FILE</phrase> KILLCHAR <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LASTLOG_ENAB</phrase> LOGIN_RETRIES <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+#~ "LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR "
+#~ "MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB</"
+#~ "phrase> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ULIMIT "
+#~ "UMASK</phrase> USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ "
+#~ "ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FAILLOG_ENAB</phrase> FAKE_SHELL <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FTMP_FILE</phrase> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">ISSUE_FILE</phrase> KILLCHAR <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LASTLOG_ENAB</phrase> LOGIN_RETRIES <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+#~ "LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR "
+#~ "MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB</"
+#~ "phrase> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ULIMIT "
+#~ "UMASK</phrase> USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ENV_PATH "
+#~ "ENV_SUPATH <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING "
+#~ "MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB</phrase> SULOG_FILE "
+#~ "SU_NAME <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">SU_WHEEL_ONLY</phrase> "
+#~ "SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">USERGROUPS_ENAB</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ENV_PATH "
+#~ "ENV_SUPATH <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING "
+#~ "MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB</phrase> SULOG_FILE "
+#~ "SU_NAME <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">SU_WHEEL_ONLY</phrase> "
+#~ "SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">USERGROUPS_ENAB</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid "ENV_HZ <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr "ENV_HZ <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ</phrase>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">permission</emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">users</"
+#~ "emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">origins</emphasis>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">permesso</emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">utenti</"
+#~ "emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">origini</emphasis>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This version of <command>login</command> has many compilation options, "
+#~ "only some of which may be in use at any particular site."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Questa versione di <command>login</command> ha molte opzioni di "
+#~ "compilazione; in un determinato sistema potrebbe esserne in uso solo una "
+#~ "parte."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>securetty</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>securetty</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "K: file creation mask, set by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>umask</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "K: maschera dei permessi per i file creati, impostata da "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>umask</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "P: process priority, set by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "P: priorità di processo, impostata con "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>lastlog</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Il comando <command>lastlog</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GIORNI</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-C</option>, <option>--clear</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-S</option>, <option>--set</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GIORNI</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>INTERVALLO</replaceable>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "a valid group identifier <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> (<filename>/etc/"
+#~ "group</filename> only)</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "un identificatore valido di gruppo <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> (solo "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/group</filename>)</phrase>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "a valid list of members <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> and "
+#~ "administrators</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "un elenco valido di membri<phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> e "
+#~ "amministratori</phrase>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The commands which operate on the <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_gshadow\">file</phrase><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">and "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files</phrase> are not able to alter "
+#~ "corrupted or duplicated entries. <command>grpck</command> should be used "
+#~ "in those circumstances to remove the offending entries."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "I comandi che operano <phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">sul file "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/group</filename></phrase><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">sui "
+#~ "file <filename>/etc/group</filename> e <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></"
+#~ "phrase> non sono in grado di modificare voci corrotte o duplicate; in "
+#~ "tali circostanze va usato <command>grpck</command> per rimuovere le voci "
+#~ "scorrette."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>grpck</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Il comando <command>grpck</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Sort entries in <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase> by "
+#~ "GID."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Ordina le voci in <filename>/etc/group</filename> <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">e <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> </phrase>per "
+#~ "GID."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "By default, <command>grpck</command> operates on <filename>/etc/group</"
+#~| "filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#~| "filename></phrase>. The user may select alternate files with the "
+#~| "<emphasis remap=\"I\">group</emphasis><phrase "
+#~| "condition=\"no_gshadow\">parameter.</phrase><phrase "
+#~| "condition=\"gshadow\">and <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> "
+#~| "parameters.</phrase>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "By default, <command>grpck</command> operates on <filename>/etc/group</"
+#~ "filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#~ "filename></phrase>. The user may select alternate files with the "
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">group</emphasis><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_gshadow\">parameter.</phrase><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">and <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> "
+#~ "parameters.</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Come impostazione predefinita, <command>grpck</command> opera sul file "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> e su "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/shadow</filename></phrase>. L'utente può selezionare file "
+#~ "alternativi con <phrase condition=\"gshadow\">i parametri <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> e <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis></"
+#~ "phrase><phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">il parametro <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">group</emphasis></phrase>."
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>grpck</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il comando <command>grpck</command> restituisce i seguenti valori: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>, </citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>, </citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getuid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getuid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupmod</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Il comando <command>groupmod</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "\"<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "No checks will be performed with regard to the <option>GID_MIN</option>, "
+#~ "<option>GID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option>, or "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Non verrà effettuato nessun controllo riguardo i limiti <option>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>, <option>GID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> o "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> definiti in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename>."
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--new-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NEW_GROUP</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--new-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NUOVO_GRUPPO</replaceable>"
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupmod</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "Il comando <command>groupmod</command> esce con i seguenti valori:"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupmems</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il comando <command>groupmems</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user_name</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user_name</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>user_name</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>user_name</replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>group_name</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>group_name</replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid "<option>-p</option>, <option>--purge</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-p</option>, <option>--purge</option>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupdel</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Il comando <command>groupdel</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupdel</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il comando <command>groupdel</command> restituisce i seguenti valori: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupadd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Il comando <command>groupadd</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "See also the <option>-r</option> option and the <option>GID_MAX</option> "
+#~ "description."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Vedere anche l'opzione <option>-r</option> e la descrizione di "
+#~ "<option>GID_MAX</option>."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Example: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Esempio: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "This option permits to add a group with a non-unique GID."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Questa opzione permette di aggiungere un gruppo con un GID non univoco."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Groupnames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed "
+#~ "by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with "
+#~ "a dollar sign. In regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "I nomi di gruppo devono iniziare con una lettera minuscola o "
+#~ "l'underscore, seguiti da lettere minuscole, cifre numeriche, underscore o "
+#~ "trattini. Possono terminare con il simbolo del dollaro. In termini di "
+#~ "espressioni regolari: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Groupnames may only be up to &GROUP_NAME_MAX_LENGTH; characters long."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "I nomi di gruppo possono essere al massimo di &GROUP_NAME_MAX_LENGTH; "
+#~ "caratteri."
+
+#~ msgid "GID not unique (when <option>-o</option> not used)"
+#~ msgstr "GID non univoco (quando <option>-o</option> non è usata)"
+
+#~ msgid "group name not unique"
+#~ msgstr "nome di gruppo non univoco"
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupadd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il comando <command>groupadd</command> restituisce i seguenti valori:"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>gpasswd</command> command is used to administer <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/group</filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">, and <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "gshadow</filename></phrase>. Every group can have <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">administrators,</phrase> members and a password."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il comando <command>gpasswd</command> è utilizzato per amministrare "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> e "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase>. Ogni gruppo può avere<phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"> amministratori,</phrase> membri e una password."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<command>gpasswd</command> called by <phrase condition=\"gshadow\">a "
+#~ "group administrator</phrase><phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">a system "
+#~ "administrator</phrase> with a group name only prompts for the new "
+#~ "password of the <replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>gpasswd</command> richiamato da <phrase condition=\"gshadow\">un "
+#~ "amminstatore di gruppo </phrase><phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">un "
+#~ "amministratore di sistema</phrase> con un nome di gruppo richiede solo la "
+#~ "nuova password del <replaceable>gruppo</replaceable>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>gpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Il comando <command>gpasswd</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>utente</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>utente</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-Q</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-Q</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove-password</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove-password</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-R</option>, <option>--restrict</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-R</option>, <option>--restrict</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-A</option>, <option>--administrators</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>user</replaceable>,..."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-A</option>, <option>--administrators</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>utente</replaceable>,..."
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--members</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>,..."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--members</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>utente</"
+#~ "replaceable>,..."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>faillog</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Il comando <command>faillog</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-secs</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SEC</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-secs</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SEC</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--maximum</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>MAX</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--maximum</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>MAX</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>faillog</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>faillog</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>expiry</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Il comando <command>expiry</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-c</option>, <option>--check</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-c</option>, <option>--check</option>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chsh</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Il comando <command>chsh</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">user_name</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">password</emphasis>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">nome_utente</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">password</emphasis>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the "
+#~| "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> or <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> "
+#~| "variables of <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, and can be overwitten "
+#~| "with the <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</option>, or <option>-c</"
+#~| "option> options."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the "
+#~ "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> or <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> "
+#~ "variables of <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, and can be overwritten "
+#~ "with the <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</option>, or <option>-c</option> "
+#~ "options."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "L'algoritmo di cifratura predefinito può essere impostato con le "
+#~ "variabili <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> e <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</"
+#~ "option> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, e può essere "
+#~ "ulteriormente modificato con le opzioni <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</"
+#~ "option> o <option>-c</option>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>chpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Il comando <command>chpasswd</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>METHOD</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>METODO</replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ROUNDS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CICLI</replaceable>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid "PAM configuration for <command>chpasswd</command>."
+#~ msgstr "Configurazione PAM per <command>chpasswd</command>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">group_name</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">password</emphasis>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">nome_gruppo</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">password</emphasis>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>chgpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il comando <command>chgpasswd</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chfn</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Il comando <command>chfn</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--full-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FULL_NAME</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--full-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NOME_COMPLETO</replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-h</option>, <option>--home-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_PHONE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-h</option>, <option>--home-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>TELEFONO_CASA</replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>OTHER</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>ALTRO</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--room</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ROOM_NUMBER</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--room</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NUMERO_STANZA</replaceable>"
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--work-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WORK_PHONE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--work-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>TELEFONO_LAVORO</replaceable>"
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chage</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Il comando <command>chage</command> accetta le seguenti opzioni:"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--lastday</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>LAST_DAY</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--lastday</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ULTIMO_GIORNO</replaceable>"
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-E</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-E</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>DATA_SCADENZA</replaceable>"
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-I</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-I</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INATTIVO</replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_GIORNI</replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_GIORNI</replaceable>"
+
+# type: IP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>AVVISO_GIORNI</replaceable>"
+
+# type: TP
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>chage</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il comando <command>chage</command> restituisce i seguenti valori: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "translator-credits"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Giuseppe Sacco <eppesuig@debian.org>, 2005, 2012.\n"
+#~ "Danilo Piazzalunga <danilopiazza@libero.it>, 2005."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Plain text
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "can't create mail spool"
+#~ msgstr "non è possibile creare la casella di posta"
diff --git a/man/po/pl.po b/man/po/pl.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7db5471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/po/pl.po
@@ -0,0 +1,12676 @@
+# Polish translation for shadow man pages
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: man pages for shadow 4.0.16\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-08 10:37-0600\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-08-23 01:38+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Tomasz Kłoczko <kloczek@pld.org.pl>\n"
+"Language-Team: Polish <translation-team-pl@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
+"Language: pl\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:16 chfn.1.xml.out:18 chpasswd.8.xml.out:19 chsh.1.xml.out:18
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:19 faillog.5.xml.out:15 faillog.8.xml.out:15
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:18 groupdel.8.xml.out:16 groupmod.8.xml.out:16
+#: groups.1.xml.out:15 grpck.8.xml.out:15 lastlog.8.xml.out:17
+#: login.1.xml.out:48 login.defs.5.xml.out:84 logoutd.8.xml.out:15
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:16 newusers.8.xml.out:31 passwd.1.xml.out:22
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:15 porttime.5.xml.out:15 pwck.8.xml.out:22
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:15 shadow.5.xml.out:15 sg.1.xml.out:16 su.1.xml.out:32
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:34 userdel.8.xml.out:21 usermod.8.xml.out:22
+msgid "Julianne Frances"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:17 chfn.1.xml.out:19 chpasswd.8.xml.out:20 chsh.1.xml.out:19
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:20 faillog.5.xml.out:16 faillog.8.xml.out:16
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:19 groupdel.8.xml.out:17 groupmod.8.xml.out:17
+#: groups.1.xml.out:16 grpck.8.xml.out:16 lastlog.8.xml.out:18
+#: login.1.xml.out:49 login.defs.5.xml.out:85 logoutd.8.xml.out:16
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:17 newusers.8.xml.out:32 passwd.1.xml.out:23
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:16 porttime.5.xml.out:16 pwck.8.xml.out:23
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:16 shadow.5.xml.out:16 sg.1.xml.out:17 su.1.xml.out:33
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:35 userdel.8.xml.out:22 usermod.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Haugh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:18 chfn.1.xml.out:20 chsh.1.xml.out:20 expiry.1.xml.out:21
+msgid "Creation, 1990"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:21 chfn.1.xml.out:23 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:20
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:24 chsh.1.xml.out:23 expiry.1.xml.out:24
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:20 faillog.8.xml.out:20 gpasswd.1.xml.out:25
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:23 groupdel.8.xml.out:21 groupmems.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:21 groups.1.xml.out:20 grpck.8.xml.out:20
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:22 limits.5.xml.out:22 login.1.xml.out:53
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:21 login.defs.5.xml.out:89 logoutd.8.xml.out:20
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:21 newusers.8.xml.out:36 passwd.1.xml.out:27
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:20 porttime.5.xml.out:20 pwck.8.xml.out:27
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:26 shadow.3.xml.out:20 shadow.5.xml.out:20 sg.1.xml.out:21
+#: su.1.xml.out:37 suauth.5.xml.out:20 useradd.8.xml.out:39
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:26 usermod.8.xml.out:27 vipw.8.xml.out:22
+msgid "Thomas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:22 chfn.1.xml.out:24 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:21
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:25 chsh.1.xml.out:24 expiry.1.xml.out:25
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:21 faillog.8.xml.out:21 gpasswd.1.xml.out:26
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:24 groupdel.8.xml.out:22 groupmems.8.xml.out:25
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:22 groups.1.xml.out:21 grpck.8.xml.out:21
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:23 limits.5.xml.out:23 login.1.xml.out:54
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:22 login.defs.5.xml.out:90 logoutd.8.xml.out:21
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:22 newusers.8.xml.out:37 passwd.1.xml.out:28
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:21 porttime.5.xml.out:21 pwck.8.xml.out:28
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:27 shadow.3.xml.out:21 shadow.5.xml.out:21 sg.1.xml.out:22
+#: su.1.xml.out:38 suauth.5.xml.out:21 useradd.8.xml.out:40
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:27 usermod.8.xml.out:28 vipw.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Kłoczko"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/email
+#: chage.1.xml.out:23 chfn.1.xml.out:25 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:22
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:26 chsh.1.xml.out:25 expiry.1.xml.out:26
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:22 faillog.8.xml.out:22 gpasswd.1.xml.out:27
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:25 groupdel.8.xml.out:23 groupmems.8.xml.out:26
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:23 groups.1.xml.out:22 grpck.8.xml.out:22
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:24 limits.5.xml.out:24 login.1.xml.out:55
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:23 login.defs.5.xml.out:91 logoutd.8.xml.out:22
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:23 newusers.8.xml.out:38 passwd.1.xml.out:29
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:22 porttime.5.xml.out:22 pwck.8.xml.out:29
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:28 shadow.3.xml.out:22 shadow.5.xml.out:22 sg.1.xml.out:23
+#: su.1.xml.out:39 suauth.5.xml.out:22 useradd.8.xml.out:41
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:28 usermod.8.xml.out:29 vipw.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "kloczek@pld.org.pl"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:24 chfn.1.xml.out:26 chpasswd.8.xml.out:27 chsh.1.xml.out:26
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:27 faillog.5.xml.out:23 faillog.8.xml.out:23
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:28 groupadd.8.xml.out:26 groupdel.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:27 groupmod.8.xml.out:24 groups.1.xml.out:23
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:23 lastlog.8.xml.out:25 limits.5.xml.out:25
+#: login.1.xml.out:56 login.access.5.xml.out:24 login.defs.5.xml.out:92
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:23 newgrp.1.xml.out:24 newusers.8.xml.out:39
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:30 passwd.5.xml.out:23 porttime.5.xml.out:23
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:30 pwconv.8.xml.out:29 shadow.3.xml.out:23
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:23 sg.1.xml.out:24 su.1.xml.out:40 suauth.5.xml.out:23
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:42 userdel.8.xml.out:29 usermod.8.xml.out:30
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:25
+msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:27 chfn.1.xml.out:29 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:26
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:30 chsh.1.xml.out:29 expiry.1.xml.out:30
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:26 faillog.8.xml.out:26 gpasswd.1.xml.out:31
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:29 groupdel.8.xml.out:27 groupmems.8.xml.out:30
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:27 groups.1.xml.out:26 grpck.8.xml.out:26
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:14 lastlog.8.xml.out:28 limits.5.xml.out:28
+#: login.1.xml.out:59 login.access.5.xml.out:27 login.defs.5.xml.out:95
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:26 newgrp.1.xml.out:27 newusers.8.xml.out:42
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:15 passwd.1.xml.out:33 passwd.5.xml.out:26
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:26 pwck.8.xml.out:33 pwconv.8.xml.out:32
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:26 shadow.5.xml.out:26 sg.1.xml.out:27 su.1.xml.out:43
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:26 useradd.8.xml.out:45 userdel.8.xml.out:32
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:33 vipw.8.xml.out:28
+msgid "Nicolas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:28 chfn.1.xml.out:30 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:27
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:31 chsh.1.xml.out:30 expiry.1.xml.out:31
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:27 faillog.8.xml.out:27 gpasswd.1.xml.out:32
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:30 groupdel.8.xml.out:28 groupmems.8.xml.out:31
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:28 groups.1.xml.out:27 grpck.8.xml.out:27
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:15 lastlog.8.xml.out:29 limits.5.xml.out:29
+#: login.1.xml.out:60 login.access.5.xml.out:28 login.defs.5.xml.out:96
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:27 newgrp.1.xml.out:28 newusers.8.xml.out:43
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:16 passwd.1.xml.out:34 passwd.5.xml.out:27
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:27 pwck.8.xml.out:34 pwconv.8.xml.out:33
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:27 shadow.5.xml.out:27 sg.1.xml.out:28 su.1.xml.out:44
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:27 useradd.8.xml.out:46 userdel.8.xml.out:33
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:34 vipw.8.xml.out:29
+msgid "François"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/email
+#: chage.1.xml.out:29 chfn.1.xml.out:31 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:28
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:32 chsh.1.xml.out:31 expiry.1.xml.out:32
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:28 faillog.8.xml.out:28 gpasswd.1.xml.out:33
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:31 groupdel.8.xml.out:29 groupmems.8.xml.out:32
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:29 groups.1.xml.out:28 grpck.8.xml.out:28
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:16 lastlog.8.xml.out:30 limits.5.xml.out:30
+#: login.1.xml.out:61 login.access.5.xml.out:29 login.defs.5.xml.out:97
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:28 newgrp.1.xml.out:29 newusers.8.xml.out:44
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:17 passwd.1.xml.out:35 passwd.5.xml.out:28
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:28 pwck.8.xml.out:35 pwconv.8.xml.out:34
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:28 shadow.5.xml.out:28 sg.1.xml.out:29 su.1.xml.out:45
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:28 useradd.8.xml.out:47 userdel.8.xml.out:34
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:35 vipw.8.xml.out:30
+msgid "nicolas.francois@centraliens.net"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:30 chfn.1.xml.out:32 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:29
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:33 chsh.1.xml.out:32 expiry.1.xml.out:33
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:29 faillog.8.xml.out:29 gpasswd.1.xml.out:34
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:32 groupdel.8.xml.out:30 groupmems.8.xml.out:33
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:30 groups.1.xml.out:29 grpck.8.xml.out:29
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:18 lastlog.8.xml.out:31 limits.5.xml.out:31
+#: login.1.xml.out:62 login.access.5.xml.out:30 login.defs.5.xml.out:98
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:29 newgrp.1.xml.out:30 newusers.8.xml.out:45
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:18 passwd.1.xml.out:36 passwd.5.xml.out:29
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:29 pwck.8.xml.out:36 pwconv.8.xml.out:35
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:29 shadow.5.xml.out:29 sg.1.xml.out:30 su.1.xml.out:46
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:29 useradd.8.xml.out:48 userdel.8.xml.out:35
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:36 vipw.8.xml.out:31
+msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chage.1.xml.out:34 chage.1.xml.out:41 chage.1.xml.out:46 chage.1.xml.out:59
+#: chage.1.xml.out:69 chage.1.xml.out:216 chage.1.xml.out:226
+#: chage.1.xml.out:236 chage.1.xml.out:241 chage.1.xml.out:285
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:233 shadow.5.xml.out:262
+msgid "chage"
+msgstr "chage"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:35 chage.1.xml.out:294 chfn.1.xml.out:37 chfn.1.xml.out:65
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:205 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:217 chpasswd.8.xml.out:265
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:37 chsh.1.xml.out:171 expiry.1.xml.out:38
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:235 gpasswd.1.xml.out:39 gpasswd.1.xml.out:93
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:277 groupadd.8.xml.out:345 groupadd.8.xml.out:348
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:351 groupdel.8.xml.out:205 groupdel.8.xml.out:208
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:211 groupmems.8.xml.out:209 groupmems.8.xml.out:212
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:215 groupmod.8.xml.out:326 groupmod.8.xml.out:329
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:332 groups.1.xml.out:34 groups.1.xml.out:92
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:243 gshadow.5.xml.out:77 gshadow.5.xml.out:165
+#: limits.5.xml.out:185 login.1.xml.out:67 login.1.xml.out:128
+#: login.1.xml.out:377 login.1.xml.out:380 login.1.xml.out:383
+#: login.1.xml.out:386 login.access.5.xml.out:112 login.defs.5.xml.out:516
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:518 login.defs.5.xml.out:520 login.defs.5.xml.out:530
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:533 login.defs.5.xml.out:536 newgrp.1.xml.out:35
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:130 newgrp.1.xml.out:133 newgrp.1.xml.out:136
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:139 newgrp.1.xml.out:142 newusers.8.xml.out:456
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:60 passwd.1.xml.out:41 passwd.1.xml.out:431
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:118 passwd.5.xml.out:173 passwd.5.xml.out:179
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:182 passwd.5.xml.out:197 porttime.5.xml.out:121
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:293 shadow.5.xml.out:262 shadow.5.xml.out:265
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:268 shadow.5.xml.out:283 sg.1.xml.out:35 sg.1.xml.out:119
+#: sg.1.xml.out:122 sg.1.xml.out:125 sg.1.xml.out:128 sg.1.xml.out:131
+#: su.1.xml.out:51 su.1.xml.out:391 su.1.xml.out:415 su.1.xml.out:421
+#: su.1.xml.out:424 suauth.5.xml.out:201 useradd.8.xml.out:817
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:878 useradd.8.xml.out:881 useradd.8.xml.out:884
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:241 userdel.8.xml.out:310 userdel.8.xml.out:313
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:316 usermod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:244
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:605 usermod.8.xml.out:608 usermod.8.xml.out:611
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:78 vipw.8.xml.out:205
+msgid "1"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:36 chfn.1.xml.out:38 chsh.1.xml.out:38 expiry.1.xml.out:39
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:40 groups.1.xml.out:35 login.1.xml.out:68
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:36 passwd.1.xml.out:42 sg.1.xml.out:36 su.1.xml.out:52
+msgid "User Commands"
+msgstr "Polecenia użytkowników"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:37 chfn.1.xml.out:39 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:36
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:40 chsh.1.xml.out:39 expiry.1.xml.out:40
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:36 faillog.8.xml.out:36 gpasswd.1.xml.out:41
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:39 groupdel.8.xml.out:37 groupmems.8.xml.out:40
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:37 groups.1.xml.out:36 grpck.8.xml.out:36
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:25 lastlog.8.xml.out:38 limits.5.xml.out:38
+#: login.1.xml.out:69 login.access.5.xml.out:37 login.defs.5.xml.out:105
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:36 newgrp.1.xml.out:37 newusers.8.xml.out:52
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:25 passwd.1.xml.out:43 passwd.5.xml.out:36
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:36 pwck.8.xml.out:43 pwconv.8.xml.out:42
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:36 shadow.5.xml.out:36 sg.1.xml.out:37 su.1.xml.out:53
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:36 useradd.8.xml.out:55 userdel.8.xml.out:42
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:43 vipw.8.xml.out:38
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "gshadow"
+msgid "shadow-utils"
+msgstr "gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:38 chfn.1.xml.out:40 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:37
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:41 chsh.1.xml.out:40 expiry.1.xml.out:41
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:37 faillog.8.xml.out:37 gpasswd.1.xml.out:42
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:40 groupdel.8.xml.out:38 groupmems.8.xml.out:41
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:38 groups.1.xml.out:37 grpck.8.xml.out:37
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:26 lastlog.8.xml.out:39 limits.5.xml.out:39
+#: login.1.xml.out:70 login.access.5.xml.out:38 login.defs.5.xml.out:106
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:37 newgrp.1.xml.out:38 newusers.8.xml.out:53
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:26 passwd.1.xml.out:44 passwd.5.xml.out:37
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:37 pwck.8.xml.out:44 pwconv.8.xml.out:43
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:37 shadow.5.xml.out:37 sg.1.xml.out:38 su.1.xml.out:54
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:37 useradd.8.xml.out:56 userdel.8.xml.out:43
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:44 vipw.8.xml.out:39
+msgid "4.13"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chage.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "change user password expiry information"
+msgstr "zmiana informacji o terminie ważności hasła użytkownika"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: chage.1.xml.out:48 chfn.1.xml.out:51 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:48
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:52 chsh.1.xml.out:51 faillog.8.xml.out:48
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:49 groupmod.8.xml.out:49 grpck.8.xml.out:47
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:50 newusers.8.xml.out:64 passwd.1.xml.out:55
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:54 pwconv.8.xml.out:57 pwconv.8.xml.out:63
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:69 pwconv.8.xml.out:75 su.1.xml.out:64 useradd.8.xml.out:66
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:78 userdel.8.xml.out:52 usermod.8.xml.out:55
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:53 vipw.8.xml.out:59
+msgid "options"
+msgstr "opcje"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:51 chfn.1.xml.out:54 chsh.1.xml.out:54 faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 passwd.1.xml.out:58 useradd.8.xml.out:68
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:158 userdel.8.xml.out:54 userdel.8.xml.out:64
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:57 usermod.8.xml.out:222 usermod.8.xml.out:506
+msgid "LOGIN"
+msgstr "LOGIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:57 chfn.1.xml.out:60 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:54
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:58 chsh.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:58
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:45 faillog.8.xml.out:54 gpasswd.1.xml.out:70
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:60 groupdel.8.xml.out:56 groupmems.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:56 groups.1.xml.out:54 grpck.8.xml.out:58
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:34 lastlog.8.xml.out:56 limits.5.xml.out:48
+#: login.1.xml.out:101 login.access.5.xml.out:46 login.defs.5.xml.out:114
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:51 newgrp.1.xml.out:53 newusers.8.xml.out:73
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:40 passwd.1.xml.out:64 passwd.5.xml.out:45
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:45 pwck.8.xml.out:69 pwconv.8.xml.out:81
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:94 shadow.3.xml.out:150 shadow.5.xml.out:45 sg.1.xml.out:57
+#: su.1.xml.out:79 suauth.5.xml.out:51 useradd.8.xml.out:84
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:60 usermod.8.xml.out:62 vipw.8.xml.out:65
+msgid "DESCRIPTION"
+msgstr "OPIS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:58
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chage</command> command changes the number of days between "
+#| "password changes and the date of the last password change. This "
+#| "information is used by the system to determine when a user must change "
+#| "their password."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes the number of days between password "
+"changes and the date of the last password change. This information is used "
+"by the system to determine when a user must change their password."
+msgstr ""
+"Polecenie <command>chage</command> zmienia liczbę dni pomiędzy zmianami "
+"hasła i datę ostatniej zmiany hasła. Informację tę system wykorzystuje do "
+"ustalenia, kiedy użytkownik musi zmienić hasło."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:67 chfn.1.xml.out:87 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:81
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:106 chsh.1.xml.out:71 expiry.1.xml.out:67
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:65 gpasswd.1.xml.out:110 groupadd.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:80 groupdel.8.xml.out:64 groupmems.8.xml.out:76
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:65 grpck.8.xml.out:122 lastlog.8.xml.out:68
+#: login.1.xml.out:186 newusers.8.xml.out:250 passwd.1.xml.out:150
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:163 su.1.xml.out:120
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:102 userdel.8.xml.out:69 usermod.8.xml.out:70
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:83
+msgid "OPTIONS"
+msgstr "OPCJE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:68 chfn.1.xml.out:88 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:82
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:107 chsh.1.xml.out:72 expiry.1.xml.out:68
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:66 gpasswd.1.xml.out:118 groupadd.8.xml.out:81
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:77 groupmod.8.xml.out:66
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:127 lastlog.8.xml.out:69 newusers.8.xml.out:251
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:151 pwck.8.xml.out:158 su.1.xml.out:121
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:103 userdel.8.xml.out:70 usermod.8.xml.out:71
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The options which apply to the <command>su</command> command are:"
+msgid "The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> command are:"
+msgstr "Polecenie <command>su</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74 gpasswd.1.xml.out:137 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:168 useradd.8.xml.out:123 useradd.8.xml.out:151
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:599 usermod.8.xml.out:112 usermod.8.xml.out:260
+msgid "-d"
+msgstr "-d"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "--lastday"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74 chage.1.xml.out:81 chage.1.xml.out:175
+msgid "LAST_DAY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chage.1.xml.out:73 chage.1.xml.out:88 chage.1.xml.out:127
+#: chage.1.xml.out:156 chage.1.xml.out:168 chage.1.xml.out:189
+#: chage.1.xml.out:202 chfn.1.xml.out:93 chfn.1.xml.out:101 chfn.1.xml.out:109
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:121 chfn.1.xml.out:129 chfn.1.xml.out:150
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:122 chpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chpasswd.8.xml.out:164
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:177 chsh.1.xml.out:83 chsh.1.xml.out:96
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:104 faillog.8.xml.out:119 faillog.8.xml.out:156
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 gpasswd.1.xml.out:123 gpasswd.1.xml.out:136
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:157 groupadd.8.xml.out:101 groupadd.8.xml.out:157
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:200 groupadd.8.xml.out:213 groupdel.8.xml.out:88
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:101 groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110 groupmems.8.xml.out:141 groupmod.8.xml.out:72
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:81 groupmod.8.xml.out:120 groupmod.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:163 groupmod.8.xml.out:176 grpck.8.xml.out:148
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:74 lastlog.8.xml.out:103 lastlog.8.xml.out:127
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:305 passwd.1.xml.out:196 passwd.1.xml.out:245
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:267 passwd.1.xml.out:277 passwd.1.xml.out:321
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:334 pwck.8.xml.out:196 pwconv.8.xml.out:177
+#: su.1.xml.out:125 su.1.xml.out:162 useradd.8.xml.out:117
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:150 useradd.8.xml.out:178
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:195 useradd.8.xml.out:229 useradd.8.xml.out:277
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:424 useradd.8.xml.out:488 useradd.8.xml.out:501
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:516 useradd.8.xml.out:530 useradd.8.xml.out:565
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:591 useradd.8.xml.out:609 useradd.8.xml.out:621
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:638 useradd.8.xml.out:654 userdel.8.xml.out:122
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:135 usermod.8.xml.out:98 usermod.8.xml.out:111
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:128 usermod.8.xml.out:151 usermod.8.xml.out:173
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:216 usermod.8.xml.out:289 usermod.8.xml.out:327
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:340 usermod.8.xml.out:356 usermod.8.xml.out:368
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:500 vipw.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:82 chage.1.xml.out:288 groupadd.8.xml.out:303
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:168 groupmod.8.xml.out:259 grpck.8.xml.out:237
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:138 passwd.1.xml.out:425 pwck.8.xml.out:287
+#: su.1.xml.out:385 useradd.8.xml.out:811 userdel.8.xml.out:235
+msgid "0"
+msgstr "0"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:77
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last "
+#| "changed. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the "
+#| "format more commonly used in your area)."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last "
+"changed. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the "
+"format more commonly used in your area). If the <_:replaceable-1/> is set to "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> the user is forced to change his password on the next log on."
+msgstr ""
+"Ustawia ilość dni od 1 stycznia 1970 kiedy hało było ostani raz zmieniane. "
+"Data ważności może być takze prezekazana w formacie RRRR-MM-DD (lub formacie "
+"używanym lokalnie)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-E"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89 useradd.8.xml.out:179 useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "--expiredate"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89 chage.1.xml.out:109 useradd.8.xml.out:179
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:610 usermod.8.xml.out:129 usermod.8.xml.out:243
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:416
+msgid "EXPIRE_DATE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:92
+msgid ""
+"Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on which the user's "
+"account will no longer be accessible. The date may also be expressed in the "
+"format YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area). A user "
+"whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being "
+"able to use the system again."
+msgstr ""
+"Ustawia datę, począwszy od której konto użytkownika nie będzie już dostępne. "
+"<replaceable>DATA_WAŻN</replaceable> jest liczbą dni od 1 stycznia 1970, od "
+"której konto jest blokowane. Data może być też wyrażona w formacie RRRR-MM-"
+"DD (lub innej, powszechniej używanej w danym regionie). Użytkownik, którego "
+"konto jest zablokowane musi skontaktować się z administratorem systemu zanim "
+"będzie mógł z niego ponownie skorzystać."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 "
+"days:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting
+#: chage.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "chage -E $(date -d +180days +%Y-%m-%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:108 chage.1.xml.out:139 chage.1.xml.out:182
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:344 useradd.8.xml.out:315
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "1"
+msgid "-1"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:107
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as the "
+#| "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> will remove an account expiration "
+#| "date."
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an "
+"account expiration date."
+msgstr ""
+"Przekazanie <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> jako <replaceable>DATA_WAŻN</"
+"replaceable> usuwa ograniczenie ważności konta użytkownika."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chfn.1.xml.out:102 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:96 login.1.xml.out:204
+#: login.1.xml.out:229 newusers.8.xml.out:280 passwd.1.xml.out:190
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwconv.8.xml.out:171 useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:99 vipw.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "-h"
+msgstr "-h"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chfn.1.xml.out:143 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:96 newusers.8.xml.out:280
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:190 pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: su.1.xml.out:387 useradd.8.xml.out:271 userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "--help"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chage.1.xml.out:121 chage.1.xml.out:146
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:142 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:139 chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:73 expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:88 faillog.8.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:98
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 gpasswd.1.xml.out:172
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:188 groupadd.8.xml.out:87 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:144 groupadd.8.xml.out:184 groupadd.8.xml.out:228
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:71 groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:124 groupmems.8.xml.out:130 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:131 groupmod.8.xml.out:193 grpck.8.xml.out:132
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 grpck.8.xml.out:161 grpck.8.xml.out:172
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:84 lastlog.8.xml.out:95 lastlog.8.xml.out:116
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:268 newusers.8.xml.out:280 newusers.8.xml.out:286
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320 passwd.1.xml.out:156 passwd.1.xml.out:167
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:179 passwd.1.xml.out:190 passwd.1.xml.out:209
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:221 passwd.1.xml.out:257 passwd.1.xml.out:290
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:308 pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwck.8.xml.out:179
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188 pwck.8.xml.out:209 pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:168 useradd.8.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330 useradd.8.xml.out:349 useradd.8.xml.out:372
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:385 useradd.8.xml.out:404 useradd.8.xml.out:455
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:548 userdel.8.xml.out:75 userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:105 userdel.8.xml.out:152 usermod.8.xml.out:77
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:88 usermod.8.xml.out:230 usermod.8.xml.out:249
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:270 usermod.8.xml.out:316 usermod.8.xml.out:404
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:90 vipw.8.xml.out:96 vipw.8.xml.out:102 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127 vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>"
+msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:117 chfn.1.xml.out:146 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:109
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:149 chsh.1.xml.out:79 expiry.1.xml.out:90
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:100 gpasswd.1.xml.out:151 groupadd.8.xml.out:120
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:84 groupmems.8.xml.out:120 groupmod.8.xml.out:116
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:134 lastlog.8.xml.out:99 newusers.8.xml.out:282
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:192 pwck.8.xml.out:175 pwconv.8.xml.out:173
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:273 userdel.8.xml.out:101 vipw.8.xml.out:98
+msgid "Display help message and exit."
+msgstr "Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie działania."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121 passwd.1.xml.out:197
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-i"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121
+msgid "--iso8601"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "When printing dates, use YYYY-MM-DD format."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-I"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128 passwd.1.xml.out:197 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622 usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "--inactive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128 chage.1.xml.out:134 chage.1.xml.out:140
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:197 passwd.1.xml.out:203 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:211 useradd.8.xml.out:622 useradd.8.xml.out:632
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "INACTIVE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:131
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before "
+#| "the account is locked. The <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> option is "
+#| "the number of days of inactivity. A user whose account is locked must "
+#| "contact the system administrator before being able to use the system "
+#| "again."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the "
+"account is locked. The <_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days of "
+"inactivity. A user whose account is locked must contact the system "
+"administrator before being able to use the system again."
+msgstr ""
+"Opcja ta służy do ustawiania czasu nieaktywności konta po wygaśnięciu "
+"ważności hasła, po którym to czasie konto jest blokowane. Parametr "
+"<replaceable>NIEAKTYWNE</replaceable> jest liczbą dni nieaktywności. "
+"Użytkownik, którego konto jest zablokowane musi skontaktować się z "
+"administratorem systemu zanim będzie mógł z niego ponownie skorzystać."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:138
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as the "
+#| "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> will remove an account's inactivity."
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an "
+"account's inactivity."
+msgstr ""
+"Przekazanie <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> jako "
+"<replaceable>NIEAKTYWNE</replaceable> usuwa ograniczenie nieaktywniści konta "
+"użytkownika."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: chage.1.xml.out:147 chage.1.xml.out:242 faillog.8.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105 faillog.8.xml.out:185 faillog.8.xml.out:202
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:55 groupmems.8.xml.out:124 passwd.1.xml.out:222
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:316 su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:156 useradd.8.xml.out:330
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "-l"
+msgstr "-l"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:147 groupmems.8.xml.out:124
+msgid "--list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:150
+msgid "Show account aging information."
+msgstr "Wyświetlenie informacji o terminach ważności konta i hasła."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:72 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:78 chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:130
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:155 faillog.8.xml.out:88 faillog.8.xml.out:120
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:185 faillog.8.xml.out:202 su.1.xml.out:207
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:287 useradd.8.xml.out:350 useradd.8.xml.out:476
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:119 usermod.8.xml.out:250
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-m"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+msgid "--mindays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 chage.1.xml.out:162 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:251
+msgid "MIN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:160 passwd.1.xml.out:249
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the minimum number of days between password changes to "
+#| "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>. A value of zero for this field "
+#| "indicates that the user may change their password at any time."
+msgid ""
+"Set the minimum number of days between password changes to <_:replaceable-1/"
+">. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their "
+"password at any time."
+msgstr ""
+"Utawia minimalną liczbę dni pomiędzy zmianami hasła na "
+"<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>. Wartość zerowa oznacza, że użytkownik "
+"może je zmieniać w dowolnym czasie."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 gpasswd.1.xml.out:81 gpasswd.1.xml.out:112
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:162 useradd.8.xml.out:373
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-M"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 passwd.1.xml.out:335
+msgid "--maxdays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 chage.1.xml.out:174 chage.1.xml.out:183
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335 passwd.1.xml.out:340 passwd.1.xml.out:345
+msgid "MAX_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:178 chage.1.xml.out:203 usermod.8.xml.out:481
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-W"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:172
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid. When "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable> plus <replaceable>LAST_DAY</"
+#| "replaceable> is less than the current day, the user will be required to "
+#| "change their password before being able to use their account. This "
+#| "occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the <option>-W</"
+#| "option> option, which provides the user with advance warning."
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid. When <_:"
+"replaceable-1/> plus <_:replaceable-2/> is less than the current day, the "
+"user will be required to change their password before being able to use "
+"their account. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the "
+"<_:option-3/> option, which provides the user with advance warning."
+msgstr ""
+"Ustawia maksymalną liczbę dni, przez jakie hasło jest ważne. Gdy "
+"<replaceable>MAX_DNI</replaceable> plus <replaceable>OSTATNI</replaceable> "
+"jest mniejsze niż bieżący dzień, użytkownik musi zmienić swoje hasła, zanim "
+"będzie mógł skorzystać z konta. Zdarzenie to może być zaplanowane z "
+"wyprzedzeniem przez wykorzystanie opcji <option>-W</option>, ostrzegającej "
+"zawczasu użytkownika o zbliżającym się terminie zmiany."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:181 passwd.1.xml.out:343
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable> will remove checking a password's "
+#| "validity."
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as <_:replaceable-2/> will remove "
+"checking a password's validity."
+msgstr ""
+"Przekazanie <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> jako <replaceable>MAX_DAYS</"
+"replaceable> usuwa sprawdzanie wazności hasła."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chfn.1.xml.out:130 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chsh.1.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:189 groupadd.8.xml.out:201 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142 groupmod.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104 newusers.8.xml.out:306 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197 pwconv.8.xml.out:178 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123 usermod.8.xml.out:328 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "-R"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chfn.1.xml.out:130 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chsh.1.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158 groupadd.8.xml.out:201 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142 groupmod.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104 newusers.8.xml.out:306 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197 pwconv.8.xml.out:178 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123 usermod.8.xml.out:328 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "--root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chage.1.xml.out:194 chage.1.xml.out:196
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:130 chfn.1.xml.out:134 chfn.1.xml.out:136
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:127 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:129
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chpasswd.8.xml.out:169 chpasswd.8.xml.out:171
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:84 chsh.1.xml.out:88 chsh.1.xml.out:90 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:161 faillog.8.xml.out:163 gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:162 gpasswd.1.xml.out:164 groupadd.8.xml.out:201
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:205 groupadd.8.xml.out:207 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:93 groupdel.8.xml.out:95 groupmems.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:146 groupmems.8.xml.out:148 groupmod.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:168 groupmod.8.xml.out:170 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:153 grpck.8.xml.out:155 lastlog.8.xml.out:104
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:108 lastlog.8.xml.out:110 newusers.8.xml.out:306
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:310 newusers.8.xml.out:312 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:282 passwd.1.xml.out:284 pwck.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:201 pwck.8.xml.out:203 pwconv.8.xml.out:178
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:182 pwconv.8.xml.out:184 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:493 useradd.8.xml.out:495 userdel.8.xml.out:123
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:127 userdel.8.xml.out:129 usermod.8.xml.out:328
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:332 usermod.8.xml.out:334 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:119 vipw.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "CHROOT_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:193 chfn.1.xml.out:133 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:126
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:168 chsh.1.xml.out:87 faillog.8.xml.out:160
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:161 groupadd.8.xml.out:204 groupdel.8.xml.out:92
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:145 groupmod.8.xml.out:167 grpck.8.xml.out:152
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:107 newusers.8.xml.out:309 passwd.1.xml.out:281
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:200 pwconv.8.xml.out:181 useradd.8.xml.out:492
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:126 usermod.8.xml.out:331 vipw.8.xml.out:118
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration "
+"files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. Only absolute paths are "
+"supported."
+msgstr ""
+"Nazwa grupy zostanie zmieniona z <replaceable>GRUPA</replaceable> na nazwę "
+"<replaceable>NOWA_GRUPA</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203 passwd.1.xml.out:322
+msgid "--warndays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203 chage.1.xml.out:208 passwd.1.xml.out:322
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:327
+msgid "WARN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:206
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. "
+#| "The <replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable> option is the number of days "
+#| "prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password "
+#| "is about to expire."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The "
+"<_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password "
+"expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"Ustawia na <replaceable>DNI_OSTRZ</replaceable> liczbę dni przed upływem "
+"ważności hasła. Od tego dnia użytkownik będzie ostrzegany o nadchodzącym "
+"terminie zmiany hasła."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:220 chfn.1.xml.out:163 chsh.1.xml.out:112
+msgid "[ ]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:215
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If none of the options are selected, <command>chage</command> operates in "
+#| "an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for "
+#| "all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the "
+#| "line blank to use the current value. The current value is displayed "
+#| "between a pair of <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> marks."
+msgid ""
+"If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of "
+"the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank "
+"to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> marks."
+msgstr ""
+"Jeśli nie podano żadnej opcji, to <command>chage</command> działa w trybie "
+"interaktywnym, proponując użytkownikowi wartości bieżące dla każdego z pól. "
+"Wprowadzenie nowej wartości powoduje zmianę wartości pola, a podanie "
+"wartości pustej pozostawia wartość bieżącą. Bieżąca wartość pola wyświetlana "
+"jest w nawiasach <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:224 chsh.1.xml.out:117 groups.1.xml.out:65
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:170
+msgid "NOTE"
+msgstr "UWAGI"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:225
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chage</command> program requires a shadow password file to "
+#| "be available."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program requires a shadow password file to be available."
+msgstr ""
+"Program <command>chage</command> wymaga do działania chronionego pliku haseł "
+"użytkowników (shadow)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:229
+msgid ""
+"The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password "
+"file. This implies that configuration from other sources (e.g. LDAP or empty "
+"password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user's login will "
+"not be shown in the chage output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: chage.1.xml.out:238 grpck.8.xml.out:294 login.defs.5.xml.out:410
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:185 pwck.8.xml.out:40 pwck.8.xml.out:47 pwck.8.xml.out:53
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:71 pwck.8.xml.out:147 pwck.8.xml.out:159 pwck.8.xml.out:191
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:223 pwck.8.xml.out:284 pwconv.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:248 shadow.5.xml.out:274
+msgid "pwck"
+msgstr "pwck"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:235
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program will also not report any inconsistency between "
+"the shadow and passwd files (e.g. missing x in the passwd file). The <_:"
+"command-2/> can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:241
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chage</command> command is restricted to the root user, "
+#| "except for the <option>-l</option> option, which may be used by an "
+#| "unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to "
+#| "expire."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is restricted to the root user, except for the <_:"
+"option-2/> option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine "
+"when their password or account is due to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"Polecenia chage może użyć tylko użytkownik root, za wyjątkiem opcji <option>-"
+"l</option>. Może się nią posłużyć się użytkownik nieuprzywilejowany  do "
+"stwierdzenia, kiedy wygasa jego własne hasło lub konto."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:249 chfn.1.xml.out:170 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:175
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:216 chsh.1.xml.out:131 gpasswd.1.xml.out:241
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:247 groupdel.8.xml.out:133 groupmems.8.xml.out:176
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:212 grpck.8.xml.out:196 lastlog.8.xml.out:182
+#: login.1.xml.out:270 newgrp.1.xml.out:85 newusers.8.xml.out:360
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:372 pwck.8.xml.out:240 pwconv.8.xml.out:204 sg.1.xml.out:74
+#: su.1.xml.out:314 useradd.8.xml.out:710 userdel.8.xml.out:165
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:536 vipw.8.xml.out:142
+msgid "CONFIGURATION"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:252 chfn.1.xml.out:68 chfn.1.xml.out:173 chfn.1.xml.out:187
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:155 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:205 chpasswd.8.xml.out:77 chpasswd.8.xml.out:134
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:200 chpasswd.8.xml.out:219 chpasswd.8.xml.out:247
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:134 chsh.1.xml.out:159 gpasswd.1.xml.out:244
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:129 groupadd.8.xml.out:239 groupadd.8.xml.out:250
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:276 groupdel.8.xml.out:136 groupmems.8.xml.out:179
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:109 groupmod.8.xml.out:204 groupmod.8.xml.out:215
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:239 grpck.8.xml.out:199 lastlog.8.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:273 login.1.xml.out:365 login.access.5.xml.out:100
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:116 login.defs.5.xml.out:515 newgrp.1.xml.out:88
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:340 newusers.8.xml.out:363 newusers.8.xml.out:423
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:375 passwd.1.xml.out:405 pwck.8.xml.out:243
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:148 pwconv.8.xml.out:207 pwconv.8.xml.out:215
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:230 sg.1.xml.out:77 su.1.xml.out:109 su.1.xml.out:219
+#: su.1.xml.out:277 su.1.xml.out:317 su.1.xml.out:357 useradd.8.xml.out:241
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:307 useradd.8.xml.out:378 useradd.8.xml.out:399
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:467 useradd.8.xml.out:474 useradd.8.xml.out:560
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:713 useradd.8.xml.out:797 userdel.8.xml.out:87
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:168 userdel.8.xml.out:191 userdel.8.xml.out:297
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:399 usermod.8.xml.out:539 usermod.8.xml.out:569
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "/etc/login.defs"
+msgstr "/etc/login.defs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:250 chfn.1.xml.out:171 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:176
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:217 chsh.1.xml.out:132 gpasswd.1.xml.out:242
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:248 groupdel.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:213 grpck.8.xml.out:197 lastlog.8.xml.out:183
+#: login.1.xml.out:271 newgrp.1.xml.out:86 newusers.8.xml.out:361
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:373 pwck.8.xml.out:241 sg.1.xml.out:75 su.1.xml.out:315
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:711 userdel.8.xml.out:166 usermod.8.xml.out:537
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:143
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior "
+"of this tool:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:261 chfn.1.xml.out:184 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:190
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:232 chsh.1.xml.out:144 expiry.1.xml.out:97
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:220 gpasswd.1.xml.out:256
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:261 groupdel.8.xml.out:145 groupmems.8.xml.out:188
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:224 groups.1.xml.out:77 grpck.8.xml.out:208
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:194 limits.5.xml.out:172
+#: login.1.xml.out:314 login.access.5.xml.out:97 logoutd.8.xml.out:65
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:97 newusers.8.xml.out:396 passwd.1.xml.out:390
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:139 porttime.5.xml.out:106 pwck.8.xml.out:258
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:227 shadow.3.xml.out:202 shadow.5.xml.out:231
+#: sg.1.xml.out:86 su.1.xml.out:342 suauth.5.xml.out:169 useradd.8.xml.out:740
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:182 usermod.8.xml.out:554 vipw.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "FILES"
+msgstr "PLIKI"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:265 chfn.1.xml.out:193 chpasswd.8.xml.out:235
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:147 expiry.1.xml.out:100 groupmod.8.xml.out:245
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:223 lastlog.8.xml.out:63 login.1.xml.out:145
+#: login.1.xml.out:329 newgrp.1.xml.out:65 newgrp.1.xml.out:70
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:100 newusers.8.xml.out:399 passwd.1.xml.out:393
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:47 passwd.5.xml.out:89 passwd.5.xml.out:142
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:73 pwck.8.xml.out:145 pwck.8.xml.out:212 pwck.8.xml.out:224
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:267 pwconv.8.xml.out:127 shadow.5.xml.out:234 sg.1.xml.out:89
+#: su.1.xml.out:185 su.1.xml.out:197 su.1.xml.out:345 useradd.8.xml.out:524
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:743 userdel.8.xml.out:197 usermod.8.xml.out:103
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:305 usermod.8.xml.out:362 usermod.8.xml.out:575
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:68 vipw.8.xml.out:187
+msgid "/etc/passwd"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:268 chfn.1.xml.out:195 chpasswd.8.xml.out:237
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:149 expiry.1.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:247
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:225 login.1.xml.out:331 newgrp.1.xml.out:102
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:401 passwd.1.xml.out:395 passwd.5.xml.out:144
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:269 shadow.5.xml.out:236 sg.1.xml.out:91 su.1.xml.out:347
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:745 userdel.8.xml.out:199 vipw.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "User account information."
+msgstr "Informacja o kontach użytkowników."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:273 chpasswd.8.xml.out:241 expiry.1.xml.out:106
+#: login.1.xml.out:335 newgrp.1.xml.out:68 newgrp.1.xml.out:106
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:295 newusers.8.xml.out:405 passwd.1.xml.out:399
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:82 passwd.5.xml.out:148 pwck.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:107 pwck.8.xml.out:213 pwck.8.xml.out:225 pwck.8.xml.out:273
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:128 pwconv.8.xml.out:149 shadow.3.xml.out:97
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:173 shadow.3.xml.out:205 shadow.5.xml.out:78
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:240 sg.1.xml.out:95 su.1.xml.out:351 useradd.8.xml.out:439
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:464 useradd.8.xml.out:749 userdel.8.xml.out:203
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:144 usermod.8.xml.out:145 usermod.8.xml.out:166
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:167 usermod.8.xml.out:306 usermod.8.xml.out:581
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:71 vipw.8.xml.out:193
+msgid "/etc/shadow"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:276 chpasswd.8.xml.out:243 expiry.1.xml.out:108
+#: login.1.xml.out:337 newgrp.1.xml.out:108 newusers.8.xml.out:407
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:401 pwck.8.xml.out:275 shadow.3.xml.out:207
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:242 sg.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:353 useradd.8.xml.out:751
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:205 vipw.8.xml.out:195
+msgid "Secure user account information."
+msgstr "Informacje chronione o użytkownikach."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:283 groupadd.8.xml.out:298 groupdel.8.xml.out:163
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:254 grpck.8.xml.out:232 passwd.1.xml.out:420
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:282 su.1.xml.out:366 useradd.8.xml.out:806
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:230
+msgid "EXIT VALUES"
+msgstr "KOD ZAKOŃCZENIA"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:290 groupadd.8.xml.out:305 groupdel.8.xml.out:170
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:239 passwd.1.xml.out:427 pwck.8.xml.out:289
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:813 userdel.8.xml.out:237
+msgid "success"
+msgstr "poprawne zakończenie działania programu"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:296 passwd.1.xml.out:433
+msgid "permission denied"
+msgstr "brak dostępu"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#: chage.1.xml.out:300 groupadd.8.xml.out:309 groupdel.8.xml.out:174
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:265 groups.1.xml.out:95 groups.1.xml.out:98
+#: groups.1.xml.out:101 grpck.8.xml.out:249 limits.5.xml.out:90
+#: limits.5.xml.out:101 limits.5.xml.out:188 limits.5.xml.out:191
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:437 pwck.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:823
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:247
+msgid "2"
+msgstr "2"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:302 groupadd.8.xml.out:311 groupdel.8.xml.out:176
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:245 pwck.8.xml.out:295 useradd.8.xml.out:825
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:249
+msgid "invalid command syntax"
+msgstr "niepoprawna składnia polecenia"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:306
+msgid "15"
+msgstr "15"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:308
+msgid "can't find the shadow password file"
+msgstr "nie można znaleźć pliku shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:284 groupadd.8.xml.out:299 groupdel.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:255 grpck.8.xml.out:233 passwd.1.xml.out:421
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:283 useradd.8.xml.out:807 userdel.8.xml.out:231
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>pwck</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#| "<placeholder-1/>"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command exits with the following values: <_:"
+"variablelist-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Polecenie <command>pwck</command> kończy działanie z następującymi "
+"wartościami kodów zakończenia: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:316 chfn.1.xml.out:202 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:214
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:262 chsh.1.xml.out:168 expiry.1.xml.out:115
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:232 gpasswd.1.xml.out:274
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:343 groupdel.8.xml.out:202 groupmems.8.xml.out:206
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:323 groups.1.xml.out:89 grpck.8.xml.out:277
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:150 limits.5.xml.out:182 login.1.xml.out:374
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:109 login.defs.5.xml.out:527 newgrp.1.xml.out:127
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:450 nologin.8.xml.out:57 passwd.1.xml.out:471
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:167 porttime.5.xml.out:118 pwck.8.xml.out:333
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:239 shadow.3.xml.out:214 shadow.5.xml.out:259
+#: sg.1.xml.out:116 su.1.xml.out:413 suauth.5.xml.out:198 useradd.8.xml.out:875
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:308 usermod.8.xml.out:602 vipw.8.xml.out:202
+msgid "SEE ALSO"
+msgstr "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:319 chfn.1.xml.out:211 chpasswd.8.xml.out:265
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:177 expiry.1.xml.out:118 groupadd.8.xml.out:351
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:211 groupmems.8.xml.out:215 groupmod.8.xml.out:332
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:291 lastlog.8.xml.out:176 login.1.xml.out:128
+#: login.1.xml.out:380 login.1.xml.out:395 login.defs.5.xml.out:399
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:516 login.defs.5.xml.out:533 login.defs.5.xml.out:539
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:79 newusers.8.xml.out:456 passwd.1.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:47 passwd.1.xml.out:53 passwd.1.xml.out:66
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:69 passwd.1.xml.out:86 passwd.1.xml.out:116
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:152 passwd.1.xml.out:366 passwd.1.xml.out:413
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:422 passwd.1.xml.out:451 passwd.1.xml.out:457
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:477 passwd.5.xml.out:33 passwd.5.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:182 pwck.8.xml.out:228 pwck.8.xml.out:342
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:84 pwconv.8.xml.out:99 shadow.5.xml.out:268
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:271 useradd.8.xml.out:884 userdel.8.xml.out:316
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:611 vipw.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "passwd"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:319 chage.1.xml.out:322 chfn.1.xml.out:208
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:211 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:223 chpasswd.8.xml.out:272
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:174 chsh.1.xml.out:177 expiry.1.xml.out:118
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:121 faillog.5.xml.out:34 faillog.8.xml.out:238
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:292 gpasswd.1.xml.out:295 groupadd.8.xml.out:363
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:344 grpck.8.xml.out:267 grpck.8.xml.out:280
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:287 grpck.8.xml.out:291 grpck.8.xml.out:297
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:23 gshadow.5.xml.out:153 gshadow.5.xml.out:156
+#: limits.5.xml.out:36 login.1.xml.out:389 login.1.xml.out:392
+#: login.1.xml.out:395 login.1.xml.out:398 login.access.5.xml.out:35
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:103 login.defs.5.xml.out:539 login.defs.5.xml.out:542
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:145 newgrp.1.xml.out:148 newusers.8.xml.out:79
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:453 newusers.8.xml.out:460 newusers.8.xml.out:463
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:48 nologin.8.xml.out:63 passwd.1.xml.out:455
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:477 passwd.1.xml.out:480 passwd.1.xml.out:484
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:34 passwd.5.xml.out:80 passwd.5.xml.out:194
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:34 pwck.8.xml.out:317 pwck.8.xml.out:336
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:342 pwck.8.xml.out:345 pwconv.8.xml.out:245
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:220 shadow.5.xml.out:34 shadow.5.xml.out:271
+#: sg.1.xml.out:134 sg.1.xml.out:137 su.1.xml.out:418 suauth.5.xml.out:34
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:91 useradd.8.xml.out:205 useradd.8.xml.out:628
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:899 useradd.8.xml.out:906 useradd.8.xml.out:909
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:319 userdel.8.xml.out:335 userdel.8.xml.out:338
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:162 usermod.8.xml.out:629 usermod.8.xml.out:633
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:636 vipw.8.xml.out:208 vipw.8.xml.out:211
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:214 vipw.8.xml.out:217 vipw.8.xml.out:220 vipw.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "5"
+msgstr "5"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:322 expiry.1.xml.out:121 grpck.8.xml.out:51
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:190 grpck.8.xml.out:297 login.defs.5.xml.out:542
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:480 passwd.5.xml.out:79 passwd.5.xml.out:194
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:229 pwck.8.xml.out:233 pwck.8.xml.out:345 pwconv.8.xml.out:84
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:85 pwconv.8.xml.out:100 pwconv.8.xml.out:101
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:33 shadow.3.xml.out:40 shadow.3.xml.out:96
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:220 shadow.5.xml.out:33 shadow.5.xml.out:40
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:47 useradd.8.xml.out:205 useradd.8.xml.out:628
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:162 vipw.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "shadow"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:317 expiry.1.xml.out:116 faillog.8.xml.out:233
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:58 shadow.3.xml.out:215
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:36 chfn.1.xml.out:43 chfn.1.xml.out:49 chfn.1.xml.out:62
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:89 chfn.1.xml.out:159 chfn.1.xml.out:164 chsh.1.xml.out:171
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:345 groupdel.8.xml.out:205 groupmems.8.xml.out:209
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:326 login.defs.5.xml.out:239 useradd.8.xml.out:878
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:310 usermod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:605
+msgid "chfn"
+msgstr "chfn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:44
+msgid "change real user name and information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:65 passwd.5.xml.out:117
+msgid "finger"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:71 chfn.1.xml.out:110 groupadd.8.xml.out:106
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:145 groupadd.8.xml.out:323 groupmod.8.xml.out:93
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:405 useradd.8.xml.out:536
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:837 usermod.8.xml.out:271 usermod.8.xml.out:377
+msgid "-o"
+msgstr "-o"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes user fullname, office room number, office "
+"phone number, and home phone number information for a user's account. This "
+"information is typically printed by <_:citerefentry-2/> and similar "
+"programs. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, "
+"subject to the restrictions in <_:filename-3/>. (The default configuration "
+"is to prevent users from changing their fullname.) The superuser may change "
+"any field for any account. Additionally, only the superuser may use the <_:"
+"option-4/> option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:77 chfn.1.xml.out:80
+msgid "other"
+msgstr "other"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"These fields must not contain any colons. Except for the <_:emphasis-1/> "
+"field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign. It is also "
+"recommended to avoid non-US-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for "
+"the phone numbers. The <_:emphasis-2/> field is used to store accounting "
+"information used by other applications."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94 expiry.1.xml.out:61 expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:88 groupdel.8.xml.out:72 login.1.xml.out:90
+#: login.1.xml.out:190 login.1.xml.out:229 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622 userdel.8.xml.out:76 userdel.8.xml.out:287
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:302 usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "-f"
+msgstr "-f"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "full_name"
+msgid "--full-name"
+msgstr "full_name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+msgid "FULL_NAME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:97
+msgid "Change the user's full name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "home_ph"
+msgid "--home-phone"
+msgstr "home_ph"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+msgid "HOME_PHONE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "Change the user's home phone number."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "other"
+msgid "--other"
+msgstr "other"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "OTHER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:113
+msgid ""
+"Change the user's other GECOS information. This field is used to store "
+"accounting information used by other applications, and can be changed only "
+"by a superuser."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122 faillog.8.xml.out:89 faillog.8.xml.out:144
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:186 faillog.8.xml.out:203 gpasswd.1.xml.out:173
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:112 groupadd.8.xml.out:185 grpck.8.xml.out:124
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 login.1.xml.out:220 login.1.xml.out:229
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:287 passwd.1.xml.out:268 pwck.8.xml.out:155
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188 useradd.8.xml.out:224 useradd.8.xml.out:456
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:542 userdel.8.xml.out:106 usermod.8.xml.out:317
+msgid "-r"
+msgstr "-r"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "room_no"
+msgid "--room"
+msgstr "room_no"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+msgid "ROOM_NUMBER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:125
+msgid "Change the user's room number."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:143 faillog.8.xml.out:80 faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:214 lastlog.8.xml.out:90 lastlog.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 passwd.1.xml.out:309 useradd.8.xml.out:414
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:279 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-u"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151 passwd.1.xml.out:322 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-w"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "work_ph"
+msgid "--work-phone"
+msgstr "work_ph"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+msgid "WORK_PHONE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:154
+msgid "Change the user's office phone number."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If none of the options are selected, <command>chage</command> operates in "
+#| "an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for "
+#| "all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the "
+#| "line blank to use the current value. The current value is displayed "
+#| "between a pair of <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> marks."
+msgid ""
+"If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of "
+"the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank "
+"to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> marks. Without options, <_:command-3/> prompts for the "
+"current user account."
+msgstr ""
+"Jeśli nie podano żadnej opcji, to <command>chage</command> działa w trybie "
+"interaktywnym, proponując użytkownikowi wartości bieżące dla każdego z pól. "
+"Wprowadzenie nowej wartości powoduje zmianę wartości pola, a podanie "
+"wartości pustej pozostawia wartość bieżącą. Bieżąca wartość pola wyświetlana "
+"jest w nawiasach <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:189 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:207 chpasswd.8.xml.out:249
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:161 groupadd.8.xml.out:278 groupmod.8.xml.out:241
+#: login.1.xml.out:367 login.access.5.xml.out:102 newusers.8.xml.out:425
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:407 pwconv.8.xml.out:232 su.1.xml.out:359
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:799 userdel.8.xml.out:193
+msgid "Shadow password suite configuration."
+msgstr "Konfiguracja pakietu shadow."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:205 chsh.1.xml.out:36 chsh.1.xml.out:43 chsh.1.xml.out:49
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:62 chsh.1.xml.out:73 chsh.1.xml.out:109
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:348 groupdel.8.xml.out:208 groupmems.8.xml.out:212
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:329 login.defs.5.xml.out:270 useradd.8.xml.out:881
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:313 usermod.8.xml.out:608
+msgid "chsh"
+msgstr "chsh"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:208 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:223 chpasswd.8.xml.out:272
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:174 groupadd.8.xml.out:194 groupadd.8.xml.out:363
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:344 login.1.xml.out:389 login.defs.5.xml.out:102
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:109 newusers.8.xml.out:298 newusers.8.xml.out:453
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:484 pwconv.8.xml.out:92 pwconv.8.xml.out:94
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:108 pwconv.8.xml.out:245 su.1.xml.out:418
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:899 userdel.8.xml.out:117 userdel.8.xml.out:319
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:629 vipw.8.xml.out:214
+msgid "login.defs"
+msgstr "login.defs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:203 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:215 chsh.1.xml.out:169
+#: limits.5.xml.out:183
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Creation, 2006"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:33 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:40 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:46
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:56 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:66 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:83
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:249
+msgid "chgpasswd"
+msgstr "chgpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:34 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:220 chpasswd.8.xml.out:38
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:268 chpasswd.8.xml.out:276 faillog.5.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:34 gpasswd.1.xml.out:280 gpasswd.1.xml.out:283
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:286 gpasswd.1.xml.out:289 groupadd.8.xml.out:37
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:354 groupadd.8.xml.out:357 groupadd.8.xml.out:360
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:366 groupadd.8.xml.out:369 groupadd.8.xml.out:372
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:35 groupdel.8.xml.out:186 groupdel.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:217 groupdel.8.xml.out:220 groupdel.8.xml.out:223
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:226 groupdel.8.xml.out:229 groupmems.8.xml.out:38
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:218 groupmems.8.xml.out:221 groupmems.8.xml.out:224
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:227 groupmems.8.xml.out:230 groupmod.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:335 groupmod.8.xml.out:338 groupmod.8.xml.out:341
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:347 groupmod.8.xml.out:350 groupmod.8.xml.out:353
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:34 grpck.8.xml.out:283 grpck.8.xml.out:294
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:159 gshadow.5.xml.out:162 lastlog.8.xml.out:36
+#: login.1.xml.out:174 login.1.xml.out:176 login.1.xml.out:249
+#: login.1.xml.out:251 login.1.xml.out:401 login.defs.5.xml.out:545
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:34 newusers.8.xml.out:50 newusers.8.xml.out:467
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:23 passwd.1.xml.out:474 passwd.1.xml.out:488
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:185 passwd.5.xml.out:188 passwd.5.xml.out:191
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:200 pwck.8.xml.out:41 pwck.8.xml.out:339 pwck.8.xml.out:348
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:40 pwconv.8.xml.out:242 pwconv.8.xml.out:248
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:251 pwconv.8.xml.out:254 shadow.5.xml.out:274
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:277 shadow.5.xml.out:280 shadow.5.xml.out:286
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:192 useradd.8.xml.out:53 useradd.8.xml.out:574
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:890 useradd.8.xml.out:893 useradd.8.xml.out:896
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:902 useradd.8.xml.out:913 useradd.8.xml.out:916
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:40 userdel.8.xml.out:259 userdel.8.xml.out:322
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:325 userdel.8.xml.out:328 userdel.8.xml.out:331
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:342 userdel.8.xml.out:345 usermod.8.xml.out:41
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:617 usermod.8.xml.out:620 usermod.8.xml.out:623
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:626 usermod.8.xml.out:640 usermod.8.xml.out:643
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:36
+msgid "8"
+msgstr "8"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:35 chpasswd.8.xml.out:39 faillog.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:38 groupdel.8.xml.out:36 groupmems.8.xml.out:39
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:36 grpck.8.xml.out:35 lastlog.8.xml.out:37
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:35 newusers.8.xml.out:51 nologin.8.xml.out:24
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:42 pwconv.8.xml.out:41 useradd.8.xml.out:54
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:41 usermod.8.xml.out:42 vipw.8.xml.out:37
+msgid "System Management Commands"
+msgstr "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "update group passwords in batch mode"
+msgstr "wsadowa aktualizacja haseł grup"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:55
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chgpasswd</command> command reads a list of group name and "
+#| "password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a "
+#| "set of existing groups. Each line is of the format:"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of group name and password pairs "
+"from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing "
+"groups. Each line is of the format:"
+msgstr ""
+"Polecenie <command>chgpasswd</command> czyta pary danych (grupa i hasło) ze "
+"standardowego wejścia. Odczytane informacje wykorzystywane są do "
+"aktualizacji danych o grupach istniejących użytkowników. Każdy wiersz "
+"przekazywanych danych ma postać:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:61 groupmems.8.xml.out:54 groupmems.8.xml.out:110
+msgid "group_name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:62 chpasswd.8.xml.out:66 passwd.5.xml.out:77
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:86 passwd.5.xml.out:91 passwd.5.xml.out:95
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:98
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "password"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:60 chpasswd.8.xml.out:64
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:64
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted by "
+"<_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Domyślnie dostarczane hasła muszą być w postaci jawnej. Podczas kodowania "
+"haseł używany jest domyślnie algorytm DES."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chpasswd.8.xml.out:75 chpasswd.8.xml.out:132
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:129
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:71 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101 chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:130 chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:180 useradd.8.xml.out:179 useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-e"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: arg/arg
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:72 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:114 chpasswd.8.xml.out:129
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:73 newusers.8.xml.out:268
+#: sg.1.xml.out:50 su.1.xml.out:86 su.1.xml.out:126 su.1.xml.out:131
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "-c"
+msgstr "-c"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:68
+msgid ""
+"The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:"
+"option-1/> variable of <_:filename-2/>, and can be overwritten with the <_:"
+"option-3/>, <_:option-4/>, or <_:option-5/> options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:74 chpasswd.8.xml.out:99
+msgid ""
+"This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many "
+"accounts are created at a single time."
+msgstr ""
+"Polecenie to przeznaczone jest do użytku w dużych systemach, gdzie "
+"aktualizuje się wiele kont naraz."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chpasswd.8.xml.out:114 newusers.8.xml.out:268
+msgid "--crypt-method"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:90 chpasswd.8.xml.out:117 newusers.8.xml.out:270
+msgid "Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:91 chpasswd.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "The available methods are DES, MD5, and NONE."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:94 chpasswd.8.xml.out:121 newusers.8.xml.out:271
+msgid ""
+"The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc "
+"support these methods."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101 chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+msgid "--encrypted"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:103 chpasswd.8.xml.out:141
+msgid "Supplied passwords are in encrypted form."
+msgstr ""
+"Dostarczone na standardowe wejście hasła są traktowane jako już zakodowane."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+msgid "--md5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:115 chpasswd.8.xml.out:157
+msgid ""
+"Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are not "
+"encrypted."
+msgstr ""
+"Jeżeli dpostarczane hasła są w postaci jawnej użyj kodowania MD5 zamiast "
+"domyślnego DES."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135 chpasswd.8.xml.out:178 chsh.1.xml.out:97
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:108 grpck.8.xml.out:124 grpck.8.xml.out:161
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320 pwck.8.xml.out:155 pwck.8.xml.out:209
+#: su.1.xml.out:163 useradd.8.xml.out:517 useradd.8.xml.out:655
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357 vipw.8.xml.out:70 vipw.8.xml.out:127
+msgid "-s"
+msgstr "-s"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135 chpasswd.8.xml.out:178 newusers.8.xml.out:320
+msgid "--sha-rounds"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:137 chpasswd.8.xml.out:181 newusers.8.xml.out:322
+msgid "Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:140 chpasswd.8.xml.out:184 newusers.8.xml.out:325
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number of rounds "
+"for the crypt method (5000)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:144 chpasswd.8.xml.out:188 newusers.8.xml.out:329
+msgid ""
+"A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:148 chpasswd.8.xml.out:192 newusers.8.xml.out:333
+msgid "You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt method."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:152 newusers.8.xml.out:337
+msgid ""
+"By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and "
+"SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:163 chpasswd.8.xml.out:208 faillog.8.xml.out:209
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:229 groupadd.8.xml.out:285 groupdel.8.xml.out:121
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:206 login.1.xml.out:236 newusers.8.xml.out:348
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:354 shadow.3.xml.out:194 su.1.xml.out:306
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:682 userdel.8.xml.out:281 usermod.8.xml.out:517
+msgid "CAVEATS"
+msgstr "OSTRZEŻENIA"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:164 chpasswd.8.xml.out:209
+msgid ""
+"Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of unencrypted "
+"files by other users."
+msgstr ""
+"Pamiętaj żeby zabezpieczyć przed odczytem plik przekazywany na standardowe "
+"wejście polecenia."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:168 newusers.8.xml.out:353
+msgid ""
+"You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect the "
+"system's password policy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:193 gpasswd.1.xml.out:48 gpasswd.1.xml.out:51
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:73 gpasswd.1.xml.out:231 gpasswd.1.xml.out:259
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:170 groupadd.8.xml.out:264 groupdel.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:191 groupmod.8.xml.out:227 groups.1.xml.out:58
+#: groups.1.xml.out:70 groups.1.xml.out:80 grpck.8.xml.out:62
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:81 grpck.8.xml.out:94 grpck.8.xml.out:112
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:177 grpck.8.xml.out:185
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:211 gshadow.5.xml.out:91 gshadow.5.xml.out:124
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:135 newgrp.1.xml.out:80 newgrp.1.xml.out:112
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:411 pwck.8.xml.out:261 pwconv.8.xml.out:128
+#: sg.1.xml.out:101 suauth.5.xml.out:90 useradd.8.xml.out:755
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:185 usermod.8.xml.out:557 vipw.8.xml.out:69
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:175
+msgid "/etc/group"
+msgstr "/etc/group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:195 gpasswd.1.xml.out:261 groupadd.8.xml.out:266
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:150 groupmems.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:229
+#: groups.1.xml.out:82 grpck.8.xml.out:213 gshadow.5.xml.out:137
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:114 newusers.8.xml.out:413 pwck.8.xml.out:263
+#: sg.1.xml.out:103 useradd.8.xml.out:757 userdel.8.xml.out:187
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "Group account information."
+msgstr "Informacje o grupach użytkowników."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:199 gpasswd.1.xml.out:52 gpasswd.1.xml.out:74
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:232 gpasswd.1.xml.out:265 groupadd.8.xml.out:170
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:270 groupdel.8.xml.out:154 groupmems.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:88 groupmems.8.xml.out:98 groupmems.8.xml.out:103
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:104 groupmems.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:135
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:197 groupmod.8.xml.out:233 grpck.8.xml.out:63
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:93 grpck.8.xml.out:114 grpck.8.xml.out:166
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:186 grpck.8.xml.out:217 gshadow.5.xml.out:36
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:141 newgrp.1.xml.out:78 newgrp.1.xml.out:118
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:417 pwconv.8.xml.out:129 sg.1.xml.out:107
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:761 usermod.8.xml.out:563 vipw.8.xml.out:72
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:181
+msgid "/etc/gshadow"
+msgstr "/etc/gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:201 gpasswd.1.xml.out:267 groupadd.8.xml.out:272
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:156 groupmod.8.xml.out:235 grpck.8.xml.out:219
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:143 newgrp.1.xml.out:120 newusers.8.xml.out:419
+#: sg.1.xml.out:109 useradd.8.xml.out:763 vipw.8.xml.out:183
+msgid "Secure group account information."
+msgstr "Informacje chronione o grupach użytkowników."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:217 gpasswd.1.xml.out:38 gpasswd.1.xml.out:45
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:59 gpasswd.1.xml.out:72 gpasswd.1.xml.out:85
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:119 groupadd.8.xml.out:354 groupdel.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:335 gshadow.5.xml.out:153 login.defs.5.xml.out:280
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:142 sg.1.xml.out:131 userdel.8.xml.out:322
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:617
+msgid "gpasswd"
+msgstr "gpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:220 gpasswd.1.xml.out:280 groupadd.8.xml.out:36
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:43 groupadd.8.xml.out:49 groupadd.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:82 groupadd.8.xml.out:292 groupadd.8.xml.out:300
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:217 groupmems.8.xml.out:218 groupmod.8.xml.out:338
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:290 useradd.8.xml.out:890 userdel.8.xml.out:325
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:620
+msgid "groupadd"
+msgstr "groupadd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:21 groupadd.8.xml.out:20 groupdel.8.xml.out:18
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:18 groups.1.xml.out:17 login.defs.5.xml.out:86
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:17 newgrp.1.xml.out:18 newusers.8.xml.out:33
+#: sg.1.xml.out:18 useradd.8.xml.out:36 userdel.8.xml.out:23
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "Creation, 1991"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:37 chpasswd.8.xml.out:44 chpasswd.8.xml.out:50
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:60 chpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chpasswd.8.xml.out:89
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:96 chpasswd.8.xml.out:108 chpasswd.8.xml.out:255
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:259 passwd.1.xml.out:474
+msgid "chpasswd"
+msgstr "chpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:45
+msgid "update passwords in batch mode"
+msgstr "wsadowa aktualizacja haseł użytkowników"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chpasswd</command> command reads a list of user name and "
+#| "password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a "
+#| "group of existing users. Each line is of the format:"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of user name and password pairs from "
+"standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing "
+"users. Each line is of the format:"
+msgstr ""
+"Polecenie <command>chpasswd</command> czyta pary danych (użytkownik i hasło) "
+"ze standardowego wejścia. Odczytane informacje wykorzystywane są do "
+"aktualizacji danych o grupie istniejących użytkowników. Każdy wiersz "
+"przekazywanych danych ma postać:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:52 groupmems.8.xml.out:53
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "user_name"
+msgstr "user_name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:68
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are encrypted "
+"by <_:command-1/>. Also the password age will be updated, if present."
+msgstr ""
+"Domyślnie dostarczane hasła muszą być w postaci jawnej. Podczas kodowania "
+"haseł używany jest domyślnie algorytm DES. W trakcie zmiany hasła "
+"aktualizowany jest także wiek hasła."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:76 chpasswd.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:73
+msgid ""
+"The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:"
+"option-1/> or <_:option-2/> variables of <_:filename-3/>, and can be "
+"overwritten with the <_:option-4/>, <_:option-5/>, or <_:option-6/> options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:81
+msgid ""
+"By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not recommended) "
+"you can select a different encryption method with the <_:option-1/>, <_:"
+"option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:88
+msgid "Except when PAM is used to encrypt the passwords,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:87
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> <_:command-2/> first updates all the passwords in memory, and "
+"then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:93
+msgid ""
+"When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in the "
+"system database) then if a password cannot be updated <_:command-1/> "
+"continues updating the passwords of the next users, and will return an error "
+"code on exit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "METHOD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:128
+msgid ""
+"By default (if none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> "
+"options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the <_:option-4/"
+"> or <_:option-5/> variables of <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+msgid "ROUNDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:198
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:196
+msgid ""
+"By default, the number of rounds is defined by the <_:option-1/> and <_:"
+"option-2/> variables in <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:253
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/passwd"
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/chpasswd"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:255 newusers.8.xml.out:431 passwd.1.xml.out:413
+msgid "PAM configuration for <_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:268 login.defs.5.xml.out:380 newusers.8.xml.out:49
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:56 newusers.8.xml.out:62 newusers.8.xml.out:75
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:96 newusers.8.xml.out:123 newusers.8.xml.out:132
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:151 newusers.8.xml.out:164 newusers.8.xml.out:170
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:172 newusers.8.xml.out:210 newusers.8.xml.out:230
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:252 newusers.8.xml.out:431 useradd.8.xml.out:902
+msgid "newusers"
+msgstr "newusers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:270 grpck.8.xml.out:285 passwd.1.xml.out:482
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:276 groupadd.8.xml.out:366 groupdel.8.xml.out:223
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:224 groupmod.8.xml.out:347 login.defs.5.xml.out:462
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:467 useradd.8.xml.out:52 useradd.8.xml.out:59
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:64 useradd.8.xml.out:71 useradd.8.xml.out:75
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:87 useradd.8.xml.out:90 useradd.8.xml.out:103
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:129 useradd.8.xml.out:187 useradd.8.xml.out:209
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:239 useradd.8.xml.out:284 useradd.8.xml.out:341
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:472 useradd.8.xml.out:584 useradd.8.xml.out:586
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:690 useradd.8.xml.out:808 userdel.8.xml.out:342
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:640
+msgid "useradd"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:263 newusers.8.xml.out:451
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:44
+msgid "change login shell"
+msgstr "zmiana powłoki zgłoszeniowej"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chsh</command> command changes the user login shell. This "
+#| "determines the name of the user's initial login command. A normal user "
+#| "may only change the login shell for her own account, the superuser may "
+#| "change the login shell for any account."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes the user login shell. This determines the "
+"name of the user's initial login command. A normal user may only change the "
+"login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell "
+"for any account."
+msgstr ""
+"Polecenie <command>chsh</command> zmienia powłokę zgłoszeniową użytkownika, "
+"która określa nazwę początkowego polecenia zgłoszeniowego użytkownika. "
+"Zwykły użytkownik może zmienić wyłącznie  powłokę zgłoszeniową własnego "
+"konta, superużytkownik może zmienić powłokę zgłoszeniową dla dowolnego konta."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:163 su.1.xml.out:199 useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:655 usermod.8.xml.out:357
+msgid "--shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:163 useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:522 useradd.8.xml.out:655 useradd.8.xml.out:662
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357
+msgid "SHELL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank causes "
+"the system to select the default login shell."
+msgstr ""
+"Nazwa nowej powłoki (shell) użytkownika. Ustawienie tego pola na puste "
+"powoduje, że system wybierze domyślną powłokę logowania."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:107
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <option>-s</option> option is not selected, <command>chsh</"
+#| "command> operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the "
+#| "current login shell. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave "
+#| "the line blank to use the current one. The current shell is displayed "
+#| "between a pair of <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> marks."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:option-1/> option is not selected, <_:command-2/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell. Enter "
+"the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the "
+"current one. The current shell is displayed between a pair of <_:emphasis-3/"
+"> marks."
+msgstr ""
+"Jeżeli nie podano opcji <option>-s</option>, to polecenie <command>chsh</"
+"command> działa w trybie interaktywnym, proponując użytkownikowi bieżącą "
+"powłokę logowania. Wprowadzenie nowej wartości powoduje zmianę powłoki, a "
+"podanie wartości pustej  pozostawia bieżącą powłokę. Bieżąca powłoka "
+"wyświetlana jest w nawiasach <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:120 chsh.1.xml.out:124 chsh.1.xml.out:153 su.1.xml.out:198
+msgid "/etc/shells"
+msgstr "/etc/shells"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "/bin/rsh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:118
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name "
+#| "must be listed in <filename>/etc/shells</filename>, unless the invoker is "
+#| "the superuser, and then any value may be added. An account with a "
+#| "restricted login shell may not change her login shell. For this reason, "
+#| "placing <filename>/bin/rsh</filename> in <filename>/etc/shells</filename> "
+#| "is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would "
+#| "prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original "
+#| "value."
+msgid ""
+"The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must "
+"be listed in <_:filename-1/>, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then "
+"any value may be added. An account with a restricted login shell may not "
+"change her login shell. For this reason, placing <_:filename-2/> in <_:"
+"filename-3/> is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted "
+"shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its "
+"original value."
+msgstr ""
+"Jedynym ograniczeniem nałożonym na powłokę zgłoszeniową jest to, że jej "
+"nazwa musi być wymieniona w <filename>/etc/shells</filename>, chyba że "
+"polecenie chsh zostało uruchomione przez superużytkownika wówczas może być "
+"podana dowolna nazwa. Użytkownicy kont z ograniczoną powłoką logowania nie "
+"mogą jej zmieniać. Odradza się z tego powodu umieszczanie <filename>/bin/"
+"rsh</filename> w pliku <filename>/etc/shells</filename>, gdyż przypadkowa "
+"zmiana na powłokę ograniczoną uniemożliwi użytkownikowi jakąkolwiek zmianę "
+"powłoki logowania, nawet z powrotem na dotychczasową."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:155
+msgid "List of valid login shells."
+msgstr "Lista dozwolonych powłok zgłoszeniowych."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:37 expiry.1.xml.out:44 expiry.1.xml.out:50
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:69
+msgid "expiry"
+msgstr "expiry"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:45
+msgid "check and enforce password expiration policy"
+msgstr "sprawdzenie ważności i wymuszenie zmiany hasła"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:52 gpasswd.1.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "opcje"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>expiry</command> command checks (<option>-c</option>) the "
+#| "current password expiration and forces (<option>-f</option>) changes when "
+#| "required. It is callable as a normal user command."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command checks (<_:option-2/>) the current password "
+"expiration and forces (<_:option-3/>) changes when required. It is callable "
+"as a normal user command."
+msgstr ""
+"Polecenie <command>expiry</command> sprawdza (<option>-c</option>), kiedy "
+"wygaśnie aktualne hasło oraz wymusza (<option>-f</option>) lub wymusza jego "
+"zmianę.Może ono być wywoływane jako zwykłe polecenie przez użytkownika."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:73
+msgid "--check"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "check and enforce password expiration policy"
+msgid "Check the password expiration of the current user."
+msgstr "sprawdzenie ważności i wymuszenie zmiany hasła"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:79 groupadd.8.xml.out:88 groupdel.8.xml.out:72
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "--force"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:81
+msgid "Force a password change if the current user has an expired password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:17 faillog.8.xml.out:17 login.1.xml.out:50
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:24 passwd.5.xml.out:17 porttime.5.xml.out:17
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:17 shadow.5.xml.out:17 su.1.xml.out:34
+msgid "Creation, 1989"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:33 faillog.5.xml.out:40 faillog.5.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:33 faillog.8.xml.out:40 faillog.8.xml.out:46
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:56 faillog.8.xml.out:59 faillog.8.xml.out:67
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:76 faillog.8.xml.out:203 faillog.8.xml.out:211
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:238
+msgid "faillog"
+msgstr "faillog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:35 gshadow.5.xml.out:24 limits.5.xml.out:37
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:36 login.defs.5.xml.out:104 passwd.5.xml.out:35
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:35 shadow.5.xml.out:35 suauth.5.xml.out:35
+msgid "File Formats and Configuration Files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "login failure logging file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:47 faillog.5.xml.out:75 faillog.8.xml.out:57
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:113 faillog.8.xml.out:138 faillog.8.xml.out:150
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "/var/log/faillog"
+msgstr "/var/log/faillog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:46
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:50
+msgid ""
+"The file contains fixed length records, indexed by numerical UID. Each "
+"record contains the count of login failures since the last successful login; "
+"the maximum number of failures before the account is disabled; the line on "
+"which the last login failure occurred; the date of the last login failure; "
+"and the duration (in seconds) during which the account will be locked after "
+"a failure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "The structure of the file is:"
+msgstr "Struktura tego pliku to:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "struct\tfaillog {\n"
+#| "\tshort   fail_cnt;\n"
+#| "\tshort   fail_max;\n"
+#| "\tchar    fail_line[12];\n"
+#| "\ttime_t  fail_time;\n"
+#| "\tlong    fail_locktime;\n"
+#| "};"
+msgid ""
+"struct faillog { short fail_cnt; short fail_max; char fail_line[12]; time_t "
+"fail_time; long fail_locktime; };"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"struct\tfaillog {\n"
+"\tshort   fail_cnt;\n"
+"\tshort   fail_max;\n"
+"\tchar    fail_line[12];\n"
+"\ttime_t  fail_time;\n"
+"\tlong    fail_locktime;\n"
+"};"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:77 faillog.8.xml.out:225
+msgid "Failure logging file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "display faillog records or set login failure limits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:55
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> displays the contents of the failure log database (<_:"
+"filename-2/>). It can also set the failure counters and limits. When <_:"
+"command-3/> is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records "
+"of the users who had a login failure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:215 gpasswd.1.xml.out:124
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmod.8.xml.out:73 passwd.1.xml.out:157
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:78 usermod.8.xml.out:210
+msgid "-a"
+msgstr "-a"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72 passwd.1.xml.out:157
+msgid "--all"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:74
+msgid ""
+"Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the <_:"
+"filename-1/> database."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:78
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+msgid "The range of users can be restricted with the <_:option-1/> option."
+msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:82
+msgid ""
+"In display mode, this is still restricted to existing users but forces the "
+"display of the faillog entries even if they are empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:89 faillog.8.xml.out:169 lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-t"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:87
+msgid ""
+"With the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:option-4/> options, "
+"the users' records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the "
+"system. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or "
+"to set a policy in advance for a range of users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105
+msgid "--lock-secs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105 faillog.8.xml.out:109
+msgid "SEC"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "Lock account for <_:replaceable-1/> seconds after failed login."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:112 faillog.8.xml.out:137 faillog.8.xml.out:149
+msgid "Write access to <_:filename-1/> is required for this option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "--maximum"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120 faillog.8.xml.out:125 faillog.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:123
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:127
+msgid ""
+"Selecting a <_:replaceable-1/> value of 0 has the effect of not placing a "
+"limit on the number of failed logins."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:160 porttime.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"The maximum failure count should always be 0 for <_:emphasis-1/> to prevent "
+"a denial of services attack against the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144
+msgid "--reset"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "Reset the counters of login failures."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+msgid "--time"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 faillog.8.xml.out:174 lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:79 lastlog.8.xml.out:128 lastlog.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:172
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Print the lastlog records more recent than <emphasis remap=\"I\">DAYS</"
+#| "emphasis>."
+msgid "Display faillog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Wyświetlenie rekordów lastlog nie starszych niż zadana ilość <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">DNI</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180 lastlog.8.xml.out:90 lastlog.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "usermod"
+msgid "--user"
+msgstr "usermod"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180 faillog.8.xml.out:190 faillog.8.xml.out:191
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 lastlog.8.xml.out:147 lastlog.8.xml.out:148
+msgid "RANGE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:179 lastlog.8.xml.out:138
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>|<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used "
+"with <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/> options) only for the "
+"specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:193 lastlog.8.xml.out:149
+msgid "UID_MIN-UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:194 lastlog.8.xml.out:150
+msgid "-UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:195 lastlog.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "UID_MIN-"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:188 lastlog.8.xml.out:145
+msgid ""
+"The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a <_:"
+"replaceable-1/> of users. This <_:replaceable-2/> of users can be specified "
+"with a min and max values (<_:replaceable-3/>), a max value (<_:"
+"replaceable-4/>), or a min value (<_:replaceable-5/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:201
+msgid ""
+"When none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options are "
+"used, <_:command-4/> displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:210
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> only prints out users with no successful login since the last "
+"failure. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last "
+"failure, you must explicitly request the user with the <_:option-2/> flag, "
+"or print out all users with the <_:option-3/> flag."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:235 limits.5.xml.out:125 limits.5.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:66 login.1.xml.out:73 login.1.xml.out:79 login.1.xml.out:87
+#: login.1.xml.out:94 login.1.xml.out:103 login.1.xml.out:106
+#: login.1.xml.out:108 login.1.xml.out:112 login.1.xml.out:119
+#: login.1.xml.out:171 login.1.xml.out:177 login.1.xml.out:230
+#: login.1.xml.out:238 login.1.xml.out:247 login.1.xml.out:253
+#: login.1.xml.out:259 login.access.5.xml.out:112 login.defs.5.xml.out:343
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:518 login.defs.5.xml.out:530 newgrp.1.xml.out:133
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:60 passwd.5.xml.out:125 passwd.5.xml.out:132
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:179 porttime.5.xml.out:121 shadow.5.xml.out:265
+#: sg.1.xml.out:122 su.1.xml.out:415
+msgid "login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:20
+msgid "Rafal"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:21
+msgid "Maszkowski"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:22 login.access.5.xml.out:18 pwconv.8.xml.out:23
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Creation, 1996"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:47
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-r <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "administer <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr "-r <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:50
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "administer <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>"
+msgstr "-K <placeholder-1/>=<placeholder-2/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:64 gpasswd.1.xml.out:89 gpasswd.1.xml.out:129
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:142 gpasswd.1.xml.out:177 gpasswd.1.xml.out:181
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:193 gpasswd.1.xml.out:197 gpasswd.1.xml.out:292
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:49 grpck.8.xml.out:188 grpck.8.xml.out:280
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:156 limits.5.xml.out:138 newgrp.1.xml.out:48
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:145 pwck.8.xml.out:336 pwconv.8.xml.out:114
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:120 sg.1.xml.out:134 vipw.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "group"
+msgstr "group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:73
+msgid ", and <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:76
+msgid "administrators,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:71
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to administer <_:filename-2/><_:phrase-3/"
+">. Every group can have <_:phrase-4/> members and a password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:80 gpasswd.1.xml.out:112 gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-A"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:79
+msgid ""
+"System administrators can use the <_:option-1/> option to define group "
+"administrator(s) and the <_:option-2/> option to define members. They have "
+"all rights of group administrators and members."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:86
+msgid "a group administrator"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:87
+msgid "a system administrator"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:84
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> called by <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> with a group name only "
+"prompts for the new password of the <_:replaceable-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:93 gpasswd.1.xml.out:180 gpasswd.1.xml.out:196
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:277 groups.1.xml.out:71 groups.1.xml.out:92
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:76 gshadow.5.xml.out:165 newgrp.1.xml.out:34
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:41 newgrp.1.xml.out:47 newgrp.1.xml.out:55
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:63 newgrp.1.xml.out:66 sg.1.xml.out:60 sg.1.xml.out:64
+#: sg.1.xml.out:65 sg.1.xml.out:66 sg.1.xml.out:125
+msgid "newgrp"
+msgstr "newgrp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:91
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"If a password is set the members can still use <_:citerefentry-1/> without a "
+"password, and non-members must supply the password."
+msgstr ""
+"Nowa wartość pola komentarza dla danego użytkownika w pliku haseł. Zwykle "
+"jest zmieniana przy pomocy polecenia <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:99
+msgid "Notes about group passwords"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"Group passwords are an inherent security problem since more than one person "
+"is permitted to know the password. However, groups are a useful tool for "
+"permitting co-operation between different users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:111
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Except for the <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options, the options cannot "
+"be combined."
+msgstr "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:115
+msgid "The options cannot be combined."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124 groupmems.8.xml.out:83
+msgid "--add"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124 gpasswd.1.xml.out:128 gpasswd.1.xml.out:137
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:141 gpasswd.1.xml.out:205 gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+#: groups.1.xml.out:48 groups.1.xml.out:59
+msgid "user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:127
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Add the <_:replaceable-1/> to the named <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Nazwa grupy zostanie zmieniona z <replaceable>GRUPA</replaceable> na nazwę "
+"<replaceable>NOWA_GRUPA</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:137 groupmems.8.xml.out:94 passwd.1.xml.out:168
+msgid "--delete"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:140
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Remove the <_:replaceable-1/> from the named <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Nazwa grupy zostanie zmieniona z <replaceable>GRUPA</replaceable> na nazwę "
+"<replaceable>NOWA_GRUPA</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-Q"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:173
+msgid "--remove-password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:176
+msgid ""
+"Remove the password from the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password "
+"will be empty. Only group members will be allowed to use <_:command-2/> to "
+"join the named <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:189
+msgid "--restrict"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:192
+msgid ""
+"Restrict the access to the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password is "
+"set to \"!\". Only group members with a password will be allowed to use <_:"
+"command-2/> to join the named <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+msgid "--administrators"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:204 gpasswd.1.xml.out:216
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>,..."
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:208
+msgid "Set the list of administrative users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+msgid "--members"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:220
+msgid "Set the list of group members."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:232
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files."
+msgstr "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:234
+msgid "file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:230
+msgid ""
+"This tool only operates on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> "
+"Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:283 groupadd.8.xml.out:357 groupdel.8.xml.out:34
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:41 groupdel.8.xml.out:47 groupdel.8.xml.out:57
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:66 groupdel.8.xml.out:165 groupmems.8.xml.out:221
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:341 login.defs.5.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:893
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:328 usermod.8.xml.out:623
+msgid "groupdel"
+msgstr "groupdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:286 groupadd.8.xml.out:360 groupdel.8.xml.out:220
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:34 groupmod.8.xml.out:41 groupmod.8.xml.out:47
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:58 groupmod.8.xml.out:67 groupmod.8.xml.out:256
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:107 grpck.8.xml.out:283 login.defs.5.xml.out:311
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:896 userdel.8.xml.out:331 usermod.8.xml.out:626
+msgid "groupmod"
+msgstr "groupmod"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:289 grpck.8.xml.out:33 grpck.8.xml.out:40
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:46 grpck.8.xml.out:60 grpck.8.xml.out:116
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:128 grpck.8.xml.out:141 grpck.8.xml.out:184
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:234 gshadow.5.xml.out:159 login.defs.5.xml.out:318
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:339 pwconv.8.xml.out:198 pwconv.8.xml.out:242
+msgid "grpck"
+msgstr "grpck"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:295 grpck.8.xml.out:95 grpck.8.xml.out:287
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:22 gshadow.5.xml.out:29 newgrp.1.xml.out:148
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:114 pwconv.8.xml.out:115 pwconv.8.xml.out:121
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:122 sg.1.xml.out:137 vipw.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "gshadow"
+msgstr "gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:293 newgrp.1.xml.out:146 sg.1.xml.out:135
+msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:275 newgrp.1.xml.out:128 sg.1.xml.out:117
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/><_:phrase-7/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:44
+msgid "create a new group"
+msgstr "utwórz nową grupę"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:54 groupadd.8.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "NEWGROUP"
+msgstr "GRUPA"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates a new group account using the values "
+"specified on the command line plus the default values from the system. The "
+"new group will be entered into the system files as needed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:66
+msgid ""
+"Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, "
+"underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not "
+"allowed at the beginning of the groupname. Fully numeric groupnames and "
+"groupnames . or .. are also disallowed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:94 groupadd.8.xml.out:95 groupadd.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:236 groupmems.8.xml.out:110 groupmod.8.xml.out:82
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:136 groupmod.8.xml.out:201 useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230 useradd.8.xml.out:264 useradd.8.xml.out:391
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:396 useradd.8.xml.out:557 useradd.8.xml.out:639
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:174 vipw.8.xml.out:90
+msgid "-g"
+msgstr "-g"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:91
+msgid ""
+"This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the "
+"specified group already exists. When used with <_:option-1/>, and the "
+"specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. <_:"
+"option-2/> is turned off)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:82 useradd.8.xml.out:230
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639 usermod.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "--gid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102 groupadd.8.xml.out:105 groupadd.8.xml.out:151
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73 groupmod.8.xml.out:82 groupmod.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:91 groupmod.8.xml.out:137 newusers.8.xml.out:300
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:469
+msgid "GID"
+msgstr "GID"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:108 groupadd.8.xml.out:134 groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:195 groupmod.8.xml.out:107
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+msgid "GID_MIN"
+msgstr "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:105
+msgid ""
+"The numerical value of the group's ID. <_:replaceable-1/> must be unique, "
+"unless the <_:option-2/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The "
+"default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-3/"
+"> and greater than every other group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:113 groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:195 groupmod.8.xml.out:107
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+msgid "GID_MAX"
+msgstr "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:111 useradd.8.xml.out:541
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "See also the <_:option-1/> option and the <_:option-2/> description."
+msgstr "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 groupadd.8.xml.out:131 groupadd.8.xml.out:134
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:314 useradd.8.xml.out:317 useradd.8.xml.out:319
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-K"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "--key"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "KEY"
+msgstr "KLUCZ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "VALUE"
+msgstr "WARTOŚĆ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:124 useradd.8.xml.out:302
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>=<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:128
+msgid ""
+"Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others). Multiple "
+"<_:option-2/> options can be specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:134 useradd.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "10"
+msgid "100"
+msgstr "10"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:321
+msgid "499"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> <_:option-4/> "
+"<_:replaceable-5/>=<_:replaceable-6/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Nazwa grupy zostanie zmieniona z <replaceable>GRUPA</replaceable> na nazwę "
+"<replaceable>NOWA_GRUPA</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:138 groupadd.8.xml.out:333 groupdel.8.xml.out:192
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:295 useradd.8.xml.out:853 userdel.8.xml.out:265
+msgid "10"
+msgstr "10"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:137
+msgid ""
+"Note: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/>,<_:replaceable-4/"
+">=<_:replaceable-5/> doesn't work yet."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:145 groupmod.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:405
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "--non-unique"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:148
+msgid ""
+"permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID. As a "
+"result, for this <_:replaceable-1/>, the mapping towards group <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> may not be unique."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmems.8.xml.out:55 groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:143 login.1.xml.out:80 login.1.xml.out:88
+#: login.1.xml.out:95 login.1.xml.out:212 su.1.xml.out:207
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:237 usermod.8.xml.out:290
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:411 vipw.8.xml.out:102
+msgid "-p"
+msgstr "-p"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmod.8.xml.out:143 useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "--password"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmod.8.xml.out:143 useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+msgid "PASSWORD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:163 groupmod.8.xml.out:148 gshadow.5.xml.out:62
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:68 passwd.5.xml.out:103 passwd.5.xml.out:109
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:170 shadow.5.xml.out:88 shadow.5.xml.out:94
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:430 useradd.8.xml.out:887 usermod.8.xml.out:295
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:614
+msgid "crypt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:164 groupadd.8.xml.out:315 groupmod.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:271 groups.1.xml.out:68 groups.1.xml.out:104
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:255 gshadow.5.xml.out:63 gshadow.5.xml.out:69
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:443 passwd.5.xml.out:104 passwd.5.xml.out:110
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:170 passwd.5.xml.out:176 pwck.8.xml.out:305
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:34 shadow.3.xml.out:217 shadow.5.xml.out:89
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:95 useradd.8.xml.out:431 useradd.8.xml.out:829
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:887 usermod.8.xml.out:296 usermod.8.xml.out:614
+msgid "3"
+msgstr "3"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:161
+msgid ""
+"defines an initial password for the group account. PASSWORD is expected to "
+"be encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:166
+msgid ""
+"Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password "
+"defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths "
+"system account file <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:173 groupmod.8.xml.out:152 useradd.8.xml.out:444
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:93 usermod.8.xml.out:299
+msgid "Note:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:172 groupmod.8.xml.out:151
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> This option is not recommended because the password (or "
+"encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:177 groupmod.8.xml.out:156 useradd.8.xml.out:448
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:309
+msgid ""
+"You should make sure the password respects the system's password policy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:185 newusers.8.xml.out:287 useradd.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "--system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:188
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "create a new group"
+msgid "Create a system group."
+msgstr "twółrz nową grupę"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:108
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+msgid "SYS_GID_MIN"
+msgstr "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "SYS_GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:191
+msgid ""
+"The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the <_:option-1/>-"
+"<_:option-2/> range, defined in <_:filename-3/>, instead of <_:option-4/>-<_:"
+"option-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupdel.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502 userdel.8.xml.out:136 usermod.8.xml.out:341
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-P"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupdel.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502 userdel.8.xml.out:136 usermod.8.xml.out:341
+msgid "--prefix"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupadd.8.xml.out:219 groupdel.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:106 groupdel.8.xml.out:108 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:181 groupmod.8.xml.out:183 useradd.8.xml.out:502
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:507 userdel.8.xml.out:136 userdel.8.xml.out:140
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:142 usermod.8.xml.out:341 usermod.8.xml.out:346
+msgid "PREFIX_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:505
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under "
+"the directory <_:replaceable-1/>. This option does not chroot and is "
+"intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and "
+"LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host "
+"files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:229 groupadd.8.xml.out:237 groupmod.8.xml.out:194
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:202 useradd.8.xml.out:96 useradd.8.xml.out:397
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:549 useradd.8.xml.out:558 usermod.8.xml.out:238
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:405
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-U"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:229 groupmod.8.xml.out:194
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "newusers"
+msgid "--users"
+msgstr "newusers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:232 groupmod.8.xml.out:197
+msgid "A list of usernames to add as members of the group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:237 groupmod.8.xml.out:202 useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:386 useradd.8.xml.out:397 useradd.8.xml.out:558
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-N"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:238 groupmod.8.xml.out:203 login.defs.5.xml.out:448
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:97 useradd.8.xml.out:240 useradd.8.xml.out:398
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:559 userdel.8.xml.out:86 userdel.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:235 groupmod.8.xml.out:200 useradd.8.xml.out:395
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:556
+msgid ""
+"The default behavior (if the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, and <_:option-3/> "
+"options are not specified) is defined by the <_:option-4/> variable in <_:"
+"filename-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:286
+msgid ""
+"You may not add a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:290
+msgid ""
+"If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or "
+"LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the group creation request."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:317 passwd.1.xml.out:463 useradd.8.xml.out:831
+msgid "invalid argument to option"
+msgstr "nieprawidłowy argument opcji"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:321 groupmod.8.xml.out:277 grpck.8.xml.out:261
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:449 pwck.8.xml.out:311 useradd.8.xml.out:835
+msgid "4"
+msgstr "4"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:323
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "UID already in use (and no <option>-o</option>)"
+msgid "GID is already used (when called without <_:option-1/>)"
+msgstr "UID juz jest używany (i nie uzyto opcji <option>-o</option>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:327 groupmod.8.xml.out:289 useradd.8.xml.out:847
+msgid "9"
+msgstr "9"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:329
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "group name is already used"
+msgstr "nazwa grupy już jest w użyciu"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:335 groupdel.8.xml.out:194 useradd.8.xml.out:855
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:267
+msgid "can't update group file"
+msgstr "nie można zaktualizować pliku z grupami"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:369 groupdel.8.xml.out:226 groupmems.8.xml.out:227
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:350 login.defs.5.xml.out:480 useradd.8.xml.out:913
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:39 userdel.8.xml.out:46 userdel.8.xml.out:51
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:62 userdel.8.xml.out:71 userdel.8.xml.out:82
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211 userdel.8.xml.out:232 userdel.8.xml.out:283
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:298 userdel.8.xml.out:300 usermod.8.xml.out:643
+msgid "userdel"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:372 groupdel.8.xml.out:229 groupmems.8.xml.out:230
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:353 login.defs.5.xml.out:490 passwd.1.xml.out:488
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:140 pwck.8.xml.out:348 useradd.8.xml.out:916
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:345 usermod.8.xml.out:40 usermod.8.xml.out:47
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:53 usermod.8.xml.out:64 usermod.8.xml.out:72
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:263 usermod.8.xml.out:522
+msgid "usermod"
+msgstr "usermod"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:344 groupmod.8.xml.out:324
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-10/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:42
+msgid "delete a group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:51 groupdel.8.xml.out:59 groupmod.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:59 groupmod.8.xml.out:86 groupmod.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:125 suauth.5.xml.out:85 suauth.5.xml.out:87
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230 useradd.8.xml.out:249 useradd.8.xml.out:392
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639 useradd.8.xml.out:648 usermod.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "GROUP"
+msgstr "GRUPA"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all "
+"entries that refer to <_:replaceable-2/>. The named group must exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Polecenie <command>usermod</command> zmienia systemowe pliki kont, "
+"odzwierciedlając zmiany podane w wierszu poleceń."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"This option forces the removal of the group, even if there's some user "
+"having the group as the primary one."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:105 groupmod.8.xml.out:180 userdel.8.xml.out:139
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration "
+"files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. This option does not chroot and "
+"is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS "
+"and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host "
+"files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:122
+msgid ""
+"You may not remove the primary group of any existing user. You must remove "
+"the user before you remove the group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:126
+msgid ""
+"You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain "
+"owned by this group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:180 groupmod.8.xml.out:283 passwd.1.xml.out:461
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:323 useradd.8.xml.out:841 userdel.8.xml.out:253
+msgid "6"
+msgstr "6"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:182 useradd.8.xml.out:843
+msgid "specified group doesn't exist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "can't remove user's primary group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:203 login.1.xml.out:375 shadow.5.xml.out:260
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:18
+msgid "George"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:19
+msgid "Kraft"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/lineage
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:20
+msgid "IV"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:21
+msgid "Creation, 2000"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:37 groupmems.8.xml.out:44 groupmems.8.xml.out:50
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:63 groupmems.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:71
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:78 groupmems.8.xml.out:159 groupmems.8.xml.out:163
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:305
+msgid "groupmems"
+msgstr "groupmems"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:45
+msgid "administer members of a user's primary group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:52
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-a <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:53
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-d <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-d <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-d <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:54
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-g <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-g <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-g <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:62
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command allows a user to administer their own group "
+"membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges. The <_:"
+"command-2/> utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their "
+"own name sake primary group (i.e., guest / guest)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:70
+msgid ""
+"Only the superuser, as administrator, can use <_:command-1/> to alter the "
+"memberships of other groups."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "Add a user to the group membership list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:86 groupmems.8.xml.out:102 groupmems.8.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:filename-1/> file exist, and the group has no entry in the <_:"
+"filename-2/> file, a new entry will be created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "Delete a user from the group membership list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:97
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:filename-1/> file exist, the user will be removed from the list of "
+"members and administrators of the group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110 vipw.8.xml.out:90
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group"
+msgid "--group"
+msgstr "group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:112
+msgid "The superuser can specify which group membership list to modify."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "List the group membership list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+msgid "--purge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:132
+msgid "Purge all users from the group membership list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:157
+msgid "SETUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/literal
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:160
+msgid "2710"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:161 groupmems.8.xml.out:162 groups.1.xml.out:33
+#: groups.1.xml.out:40 groups.1.xml.out:46 groups.1.xml.out:56
+msgid "groups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> executable should be in mode <_:literal-2/> as user <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> and in group <_:emphasis-4/>. The system administrator can add "
+"users to group <_:emphasis-5/> to allow or disallow them using the <_:"
+"command-6/> utility to manage their own group membership list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:167
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "\t$ groupadd -r groups\n"
+#| "\t$ chmod 2710 groupmems\n"
+#| "\t$ chown root.groups groupmems\n"
+#| "\t$ groupmems -g groups -a gk4\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid ""
+"$ groupadd -r groups $ chmod 2710 groupmems $ chown root.groups groupmems $ "
+"groupmems -g groups -a gk4"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"\t$ groupadd -r groups\n"
+"\t$ chmod 2710 groupmems\n"
+"\t$ chown root.groups groupmems\n"
+"\t$ groupmems -g groups -a gk4\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "secure group account information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:42
+msgid "modify a group definition on the system"
+msgstr "modyfikuj definicję grupy systemowej"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupmod</command> command modifies the definition of the "
+#| "specified <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable> by modifying the appropriate "
+#| "entry in the group database."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the definition of the specified <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database."
+msgstr ""
+"Polcenie <command>groupmod</command> modifikuje definicję grupy "
+"<replaceable>GRUPA</replaceable> poprzez modifikację stosownego wpisu w "
+"bazie grup."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73 usermod.8.xml.out:78
+msgid "--append"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If group members are specified with -U, append them to the existing member "
+"list, rather than replacing it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The name of the group will be changed from <replaceable>GROUP</"
+#| "replaceable> to <replaceable>NEW_GROUP</replaceable> name."
+msgid ""
+"The group ID of the given <_:replaceable-1/> will be changed to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Nazwa grupy zostanie zmieniona z <replaceable>GRUPA</replaceable> na nazwę "
+"<replaceable>NOWA_GRUPA</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"The value of <_:replaceable-1/> must be a non-negative decimal integer. This "
+"value must be unique, unless the <_:option-2/> option is used."
+msgstr ""
+"Nowa wartość ID grupy <replaceable>GRUPA</replaceable>. Numeryczna wartość "
+"<replaceable>GID</replaceable> musi mieć nieujemną wartość całkowitą. "
+"Wartość ta musi być unikalna chyba że użyto opcji <option>-o</option>. "
+"Wartości pomiędzy 0 a 999 są zwykle zarezerwowane dla grup systemowych. "
+"Pliki, dla których stary identyfikator jest identyfikatorem grupy pliku, "
+"wymagają ręcznej zmiany ID grupy."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:95
+msgid ""
+"Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to keep the group "
+"as their primary group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid ""
+"Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>, must have their group ID changed manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:395
+msgid ""
+"No checks will be performed with regard to the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, "
+"<_:option-3/>, or <_:option-4/> from <_:filename-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-n"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "--new-name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121 groupmod.8.xml.out:126
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "NEW_GROUP"
+msgstr "GRUPA"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:124
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The name of the group will be changed from <replaceable>GROUP</"
+#| "replaceable> to <replaceable>NEW_GROUP</replaceable> name."
+msgid ""
+"The name of the group will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> name."
+msgstr ""
+"Nazwa grupy zostanie zmieniona z <replaceable>GRUPA</replaceable> na nazwę "
+"<replaceable>NOWA_GRUPA</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:135
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"When used with the <_:option-1/> option, allow to change the group <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> to a non-unique value."
+msgstr ""
+"Użyte z opcją <option>-g</option> umożliwia zmiane <replaceable>GID</"
+"replaceable> grupy na wartość nieunikalną."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "The encrypted password, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:261
+msgid "E_SUCCESS: success"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:267
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "invalid command syntax"
+msgid "E_USAGE: invalid command syntax"
+msgstr "niepoprawna składnia polecenia"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:273
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "invalid argument to option"
+msgid "E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option"
+msgstr "nieprawidłowy argument opcji"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:279
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use"
+msgstr "nazwa grupy już jest w użyciu"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:285
+msgid "E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn't exist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:291
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use"
+msgstr "nazwa grupy już jest w użyciu"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:297
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "can't update group file"
+msgid "E_GRP_UPDATE: can't update group file"
+msgstr "nie można zaktualizować pliku z grupami"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:301
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "1"
+msgid "11"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can't setup cleanup service"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:307 useradd.8.xml.out:859 userdel.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "12"
+msgstr "12"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "E_PAM_USERNAME: can't determine your username for use with pam"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:313
+msgid "13"
+msgstr "13"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:315
+msgid ""
+"E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the "
+"PAM error message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groups.1.xml.out:41
+msgid "display current group names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:55
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command displays the current group names or ID values. If "
+"the value does not have a corresponding entry in <_:filename-2/>, the value "
+"will be displayed as the numerical group value. The optional <_:"
+"replaceable-3/> parameter will display the groups for the named user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:68 groups.1.xml.out:104
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "initgroups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: groups.1.xml.out:71 newgrp.1.xml.out:139 sg.1.xml.out:34 sg.1.xml.out:41
+#: sg.1.xml.out:47 sg.1.xml.out:59 sg.1.xml.out:62 sg.1.xml.out:64
+#: sg.1.xml.out:67 sg.1.xml.out:68 su.1.xml.out:421
+msgid "sg"
+msgstr "sg"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:66
+msgid ""
+"Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see <_:citerefentry-1/>) "
+"will have the information from <_:filename-2/> reported. The user must use "
+"<_:command-3/> or <_:command-4/> to change his current real and effective "
+"group ID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:95
+msgid "getgid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:98
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "getgroups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:101
+msgid "getuid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:90 gshadow.5.xml.out:151 pwck.8.xml.out:334
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:17 lastlog.8.xml.out:19 pwck.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "Creation, 1992"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "verify integrity of group files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:62 grpck.8.xml.out:165 grpck.8.xml.out:185
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:59
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the groups information. "
+"It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/> have the proper "
+"format and contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that "
+"are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:69 pwck.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "Checks are made to verify that each entry has:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:73 pwck.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "the correct number of fields"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "a unique and valid group name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:81
+msgid "(<_:filename-1/> only)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:79
+msgid "a valid group identifier <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:88
+msgid "and administrators"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:86
+msgid "a valid list of members <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:92
+msgid ""
+"a corresponding entry in the <_:filename-1/> file (respectively <_:"
+"filename-2/> for the <_:filename-3/> checks)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal. If "
+"an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete "
+"the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further "
+"checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for "
+"deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All other errors are "
+"warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/> command to "
+"correct the error."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:113 newusers.8.xml.out:67 newusers.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:114
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files"
+msgstr "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:111
+msgid ""
+"The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/><_:phrase-3/> "
+"are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-4/> should "
+"be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:123 pwck.8.xml.out:154
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "The <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options cannot be combined."
+msgstr "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 pwck.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "--read-only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:143 login.defs.5.xml.out:134 login.defs.5.xml.out:136
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:246
+msgid "no"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:140
+msgid ""
+"Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode. This causes all "
+"questions regarding changes to be answered <_:emphasis-2/> without user "
+"intervention."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:161 pwck.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "--sort"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:163
+msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> by GID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172 lastlog.8.xml.out:117 passwd.1.xml.out:161
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:291
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-S"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "--silence-warnings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:178
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/gshadow"
+msgid "/etc/ghadow"
+msgstr "/etc/gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:174
+msgid ""
+"Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about "
+"inconsistency between group members listed in <_:filename-1/> and <_:"
+"filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "parameter."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:190
+msgid "and <_:emphasis-1/> parameters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"By default, <_:command-1/> operates on <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/>. The "
+"user may select alternate files with the <_:emphasis-4/> <_:phrase-5/> <_:"
+"phrase-6/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:251
+msgid "one or more bad group entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:257
+msgid "can't open group files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:263
+msgid "can't lock group files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:269
+msgid "can't update group files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/citerefentry
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:286
+msgid "<_:refentrytitle-1/><_:manvolnum-2/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:278
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>, "
+"<_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Creation, 2005"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:30
+msgid "shadowed group file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:35
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> contains the shadowed information for group accounts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:40 shadow.5.xml.out:52
+msgid ""
+"This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to "
+"be maintained."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:45
+msgid "Each line of this file contains the following colon-separated fields:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:51
+msgid "group name"
+msgstr "nazwa grupy"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:53
+msgid "It must be a valid group name, which exist on the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:59 shadow.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "encrypted password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:61 passwd.5.xml.out:102 shadow.5.xml.out:87
+msgid ""
+"Refer to <_:citerefentry-1/> for details on how this string is interpreted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:66
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix "
+"password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)."
+msgstr ""
+"Nowa wartość pola komentarza dla danego użytkownika w pliku haseł. Zwykle "
+"jest zmieniana przy pomocy polecenia <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:73
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally "
+#| "modified using the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utility."
+msgid ""
+"The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to "
+"gain the permissions of this group (see <_:citerefentry-1/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Nowa wartość pola komentarza dla danego użytkownika w pliku haseł. Zwykle "
+"jest zmieniana przy pomocy polecenia <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:79
+msgid ""
+"This field may be empty, in which case only the group members can gain the "
+"group permissions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:83 shadow.5.xml.out:81
+msgid ""
+"A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the "
+"password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the "
+"password field before the password was locked."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:89
+msgid "This password supersedes any password specified in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "administrators"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:99 gshadow.5.xml.out:115
+msgid "It must be a comma-separated list of user names."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:102
+msgid "Administrators can change the password or the members of the group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:106
+msgid ""
+"Administrators also have the same permissions as the members (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:113
+msgid "members"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:118
+msgid "Members can access the group without being prompted for a password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:122
+msgid "You should use the same list of users as in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:162 login.defs.5.xml.out:324 pwconv.8.xml.out:48
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:67 pwconv.8.xml.out:113 pwconv.8.xml.out:134
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:166 pwconv.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "grpconv"
+msgstr "grpconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:35 lastlog.8.xml.out:42 lastlog.8.xml.out:48
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:58 lastlog.8.xml.out:70 lastlog.8.xml.out:172
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:337
+msgid "lastlog"
+msgstr "lastlog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:43
+msgid "reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user"
+msgstr ""
+"wyświetla informacje o ostanim logowaniu dla wybranego lub wszystkich "
+"użytkowaników"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:59 lastlog.8.xml.out:197 lastlog.8.xml.out:214
+msgid "/var/log/lastlog"
+msgstr "/var/log/lastlog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:60
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "login-name"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:60
+msgid "port"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "lastlog"
+msgid "last login time"
+msgstr "lastlog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>lastlog</command> formats and prints the contents of the last "
+#| "login log <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file. The <emphasis>login-"
+#| "name</emphasis>, <emphasis>port</emphasis>, and <emphasis>last login "
+#| "time</emphasis> will be printed. The default (no flags) causes lastlog "
+#| "entries to be printed, sorted by their order in <filename>/etc/passwd</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> formats and prints the contents of the last login log <_:"
+"filename-2/> file. The <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/>, and <_:emphasis-5/> "
+"will be printed. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be "
+"printed, sorted by their order in <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Polecenie <command>lastlog</command> formatuje i wyświetla zawartość bazy "
+"ostatnich logowań zapisanych w pliku <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename>. "
+"Wyświetlone zostaną <emphasis>nazwa użytkownika</emphasis>, <emphasis>port</"
+"emphasis> i <emphasis>czas</emphasis> ostatniego logowania. Domyślnie (bez "
+"flag) pozycje wyświetlane są w kolejności w jakiej są w pliku <filename>/etc/"
+"passwd</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75 useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:592
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-b"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "--before"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:78
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Print only lastlog records older than <emphasis remap=\"I\">DAYS</"
+#| "emphasis>."
+msgid "Print only lastlog records older than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Wyświetlenie rekordów lastlog starszych niż zadana <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">DNI</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-C"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "--clear"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:88
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+msgid ""
+"Clear lastlog record of a user. This option can be used only together with "
+"<_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:117
+msgid "--set"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:120
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+msgid ""
+"Set lastlog record of a user to the current time. This option can be used "
+"only together with <_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:131
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Print the lastlog records more recent than <emphasis remap=\"I\">DAYS</"
+#| "emphasis>."
+msgid "Print the lastlog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Wyświetlenie rekordów lastlog nie starszych niż zadana ilość <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">DNI</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:142
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Print the lastlog record for user with specified <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">LOGIN</emphasis> only."
+msgid "Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+"Wyświetlenie informacji o ostanim logowaniu dla użytkownika "
+"<replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:158
+msgid "** Never logged in**"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:157
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the user has never logged in the message <emphasis>** Never logged "
+#| "in**</emphasis> will be displayed instead of the port and time."
+msgid ""
+"If the user has never logged in the message <_:emphasis-1/> will be "
+"displayed instead of the port and time."
+msgstr ""
+"Jeżeli użytkownik nigdy się nie logował to zamiast portu i czasu \n"
+"logowania wyświetlany jest komunikat <emphasis>**Nigdy nie zalogowany**</"
+"emphasis> (użytkownik nigdy się nie logował)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:162
+msgid ""
+"Only the entries for the current users of the system will be displayed. "
+"Other entries may exist for users that were deleted previously."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:175
+msgid "ls -l"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "ls -s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:171
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <filename>lastlog</filename> file is a database which contains info "
+#| "on the last login of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse "
+#| "file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown "
+#| "by \"<command>ls -l</command>\" (which can indicate a really big file if "
+#| "you have in <filename>passwd</filename> users with a high UID). You can "
+#| "display its real size with \"<command>ls -s</command>\"."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:filename-1/> file is a database which contains info on the last login "
+"of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse file, so its size on "
+"the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by \"<_:command-2/"
+">\" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in <_:filename-3/> "
+"users with a high UID). You can display its real size with \"<_:command-4/"
+">\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Baza danych <filename>lastlog</filename> jest plikiem zawierajacym "
+"informacje o ostanim logowaniu każdego użytkowanika. Pliku tego nie powinnoa "
+"się okresowo kasować i zakąłdać od nowa (rotacja). Plik ten jest plikiem z "
+"dziurami tak więc jego rozmiar jest zwykle znacznie mniejszy pokazywany "
+"przez polecenie \"<command>ls -l</command>\" (pokazujące że jest on dużych "
+"rozmiarów jeżeli masz w <filename>passwd</filename> użytkowaników z wysokimi "
+"wartościami UID). Mozesz wyświetlić rzeczywisty rozmiar tego pliku używając "
+"polecenia \"<command>ls -s</command>\"."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "Database times of previous user logins."
+msgstr "Baza danych ostatnich logowań użytkowników."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"Large gaps in UID numbers will cause the lastlog program to run longer with "
+"no output to the screen (i.e. if in lastlog database there is no entries for "
+"users with UID between 170 and 800 lastlog will appear to hang as it "
+"processes entries with UIDs 171-799)."
+msgstr ""
+"Duże luki w numeracji UID powodują, że program będzie pracował dłużej, nie "
+"wyświetlając wyników (np. jeśli w bazie lastlog nie ma wpisów dla o UID "
+"pomiedzy 170, a 800, to program będzie sprawiał wrażenie zawieszonego w "
+"trakcie przetwarzania wpisów dla użytkowanikół o UID 171-799)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:213
+msgid ""
+"Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the <_:term-1/> with "
+"external tools. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much "
+"space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by "
+"default and may require a specific option to handle them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: limits.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Luca"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: limits.5.xml.out:18
+msgid "Berra"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: limits.5.xml.out:19 vipw.8.xml.out:19
+msgid "Creation, 1997"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:35 limits.5.xml.out:42 limits.5.xml.out:50
+msgid "limits"
+msgstr "limits"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: limits.5.xml.out:43
+msgid "resource limits definition"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: limits.5.xml.out:51 limits.5.xml.out:175
+msgid "/etc/limits"
+msgstr "/etc/limits"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: limits.5.xml.out:52
+msgid "config.h"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:49
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> file (<_:filename-2/> by default or LIMITS_FILE defined "
+"<_:filename-3/>) describes the resource limits you wish to impose. It should "
+"be owned by root and readable by root account only."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"By default no quota is imposed on 'root'. In fact, there is no way to impose "
+"limits via this procedure to root-equiv accounts (accounts with UID 0)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "user LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:69
+msgid "or in the form:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "@group LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:76 limits.5.xml.out:112
+msgid "LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits. "
+"Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "The valid identifiers are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:84
+msgid "A: max address space (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "C: max core file size (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:86
+msgid "D: max data size (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:87
+msgid "F: maximum file size (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:90
+msgid "umask"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:88
+msgid "K: file creation mask, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:93
+msgid "I: max nice value (0..39 which translates to 20..-19)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:95
+msgid "L: max number of logins for this user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:96
+msgid "M: max locked-in-memory address space (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "N: max number of open files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:98
+msgid "O: max real time priority"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:101 limits.5.xml.out:188
+msgid "setpriority"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:99
+msgid "P: process priority, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:104
+msgid "R: max resident set size (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:105
+msgid "S: max stack size (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:106
+msgid "T: max CPU time (MIN)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:107
+msgid "U: max number of processes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:111
+msgid "L2D2048N5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:110
+msgid ""
+"For example, <_:emphasis-1/> is a valid <_:emphasis-2/>. For reading "
+"convenience, the following entries are equivalent:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: limits.5.xml.out:116
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      username L2D2048N5\n"
+#| "      username L2 D2048 N5\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "username L2D2048N5 username L2 D2048 N5"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      username L2D2048N5\n"
+"      username L2 D2048 N5\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: limits.5.xml.out:122 login.1.xml.out:83 login.1.xml.out:91
+#: login.1.xml.out:197 su.1.xml.out:70 su.1.xml.out:82 su.1.xml.out:95
+#: su.1.xml.out:153 su.1.xml.out:155 useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid "username"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:121
+msgid ""
+"Be aware that after <_:emphasis-1/> the rest of the line is considered a "
+"limit string, thus comments are not allowed. An invalid limits string will "
+"be rejected (not considered) by the <_:command-2/> program."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:129
+msgid "*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:130
+msgid "default"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:131
+msgid "LIMITS_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:128
+msgid ""
+"The default entry is denoted by username \"<_:emphasis-1/>\". If you have "
+"multiple <_:emphasis-2/> entries in your <_:emphasis-3/>, then the last one "
+"will be used as the default entry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: limits.5.xml.out:136 limits.5.xml.out:148
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group"
+msgid "@group"
+msgstr "group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:135
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"The limits specified in the form \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" apply to the members "
+"of the specified <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Nazwa grupy zostanie zmieniona z <replaceable>GRUPA</replaceable> na nazwę "
+"<replaceable>NOWA_GRUPA</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:141
+msgid ""
+"If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for "
+"this user will be considered."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:146
+msgid ""
+"If no lines are specified for a user, the last <_:replaceable-1/> line "
+"matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the "
+"last line with default limits if no groups contain the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: limits.5.xml.out:155 limits.5.xml.out:160 login.access.5.xml.out:72
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:47 newgrp.1.xml.out:56 sg.1.xml.out:48 su.1.xml.out:67
+#: su.1.xml.out:84 su.1.xml.out:93 su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:152
+msgid "-"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:153
+msgid ""
+"To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" "
+"will do."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"To disable a limit for a user, a single dash \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" can be "
+"used instead of the numerical value for this limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:164
+msgid ""
+"Also, please note that all limit settings are set PER LOGIN. They are not "
+"global, nor are they permanent. Perhaps global limits will come, but for now "
+"this will have to do ;)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:191
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/limits"
+msgid "setrlimit"
+msgstr "/etc/limits"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "begin session on the system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: login.1.xml.out:81 login.1.xml.out:89 login.1.xml.out:96
+msgid "host"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: login.1.xml.out:81 login.1.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-h <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-h <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-h <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: login.1.xml.out:84
+msgid "ENV=VAR"
+msgstr "ENV=VAR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: login.1.xml.out:96
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-r <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-r <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-r <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:105
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "login:"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:109
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "exec login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:102
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program is used to establish a new session with the "
+"system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> prompt on the user's terminal. <_:command-3/> may be special to "
+"the shell and may not be invoked as a sub-process. When called from a shell, "
+"<_:command-4/> should be executed as <_:emphasis-5/> which will cause the "
+"user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in "
+"user to return to the session of the caller). Attempting to execute <_:"
+"command-6/> from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:116
+msgid ""
+"The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is "
+"disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of password "
+"failures are permitted before <_:command-1/> exits and the communications "
+"link is severed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:123
+msgid ""
+"If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for "
+"a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to provide your old "
+"password and the new password before continuing. Please refer to <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:135 login.1.xml.out:341
+msgid "/etc/motd"
+msgstr "/etc/motd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:136
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+msgid ".hushlogin"
+msgstr "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:137
+msgid "You have new mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:138
+msgid "You have mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:139
+msgid "No Mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and "
+"the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of the system message "
+"file, <_:filename-1/>, by creating a zero-length file <_:filename-2/> in "
+"your login directory. The mail message will be one of \"<_:emphasis-3/>\", "
+"\"<_:emphasis-4/>\", or \"<_:emphasis-5/>\" according to the condition of "
+"your mailbox."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 passwd.5.xml.out:126 su.1.xml.out:247
+msgid "$HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 passwd.5.xml.out:133 su.1.xml.out:179 su.1.xml.out:199
+#: su.1.xml.out:247
+msgid "$SHELL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#. (itstool) path: term/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 su.1.xml.out:105 su.1.xml.out:215 su.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "$PATH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:147 su.1.xml.out:248
+msgid "$LOGNAME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:147 su.1.xml.out:275
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgid "$MAIL"
+msgstr "MAIL_DIR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:143
+msgid ""
+"Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the <_:"
+"filename-1/> file. The value for <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, "
+"<_:envar-5/>, and <_:envar-6/> are set according to the appropriate fields "
+"in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set "
+"according to entries in the GECOS field."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:154 su.1.xml.out:264
+msgid "$TERM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:155 login.1.xml.out:353
+msgid "/etc/ttytype"
+msgstr "/etc/ttytype"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:152
+msgid ""
+"On some installations, the environmental variable <_:envar-1/> will be "
+"initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in <_:"
+"filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"An initialization script for your command interpreter may also be executed. "
+"Please see the appropriate manual section for more information on this "
+"function."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:164 su.1.xml.out:112
+msgid ""
+"A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a \"*\" as the first "
+"character of the login shell. The given home directory will be used as the "
+"root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:173 login.1.xml.out:249 login.1.xml.out:401
+msgid "getty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:175 login.1.xml.out:251
+msgid "init"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:178 login.1.xml.out:254
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:170 login.1.xml.out:246
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program is NOT responsible for removing users from the "
+"utmp file. It is the responsibility of <_:citerefentry-2/> and <_:"
+"citerefentry-3/> to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session. If "
+"you use <_:command-4/> from the shell prompt without <_:command-5/>, the "
+"user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out "
+"of the \"subsession\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:193
+msgid "Do not perform authentication, user is preauthenticated."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:196
+msgid "Note: In that case, <_:replaceable-1/> is mandatory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:207
+msgid "Name of the remote host for this login."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:215
+msgid "Preserve environment."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:223
+msgid "Perform autologin protocol for rlogin."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:228
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"The <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> options are only used "
+"when <_:command-4/> is invoked by root."
+msgstr "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:237 su.1.xml.out:307
+msgid ""
+"This version of <_:command-1/> has many compilation options, only some of "
+"which may be in use at any particular site."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:242
+msgid ""
+"The location of files is subject to differences in system configuration."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:258
+msgid ""
+"As with any program, <_:command-1/>'s appearance can be faked. If non-"
+"trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this "
+"to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the "
+"machine. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a "
+"trusted path and prevent this kind of attack."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:317 logoutd.8.xml.out:56 logoutd.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "/var/run/utmp"
+msgstr "/var/run/utmp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:319 logoutd.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "List of current login sessions."
+msgstr "List bieżących sesji pracy."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:323
+msgid "/var/log/wtmp"
+msgstr "/var/log/wtmp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:325
+msgid "List of previous login sessions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:343
+msgid "System message of the day file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:347
+msgid "/etc/nologin"
+msgstr "/etc/nologin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:349
+msgid "Prevent non-root users from logging in."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:355
+msgid "List of terminal types."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:359
+msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+msgstr "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:361
+msgid "Suppress printing of system messages."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:377
+msgid "mail"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:383 su.1.xml.out:424
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "chsh"
+msgid "sh"
+msgstr "chsh"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:386 login.defs.5.xml.out:436 login.defs.5.xml.out:520
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:536 newgrp.1.xml.out:136 passwd.5.xml.out:197
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:283 sg.1.xml.out:128 su.1.xml.out:50 su.1.xml.out:57
+#: su.1.xml.out:62 su.1.xml.out:81 su.1.xml.out:83 su.1.xml.out:121
+#: su.1.xml.out:201 su.1.xml.out:239 su.1.xml.out:308 su.1.xml.out:368
+#: su.1.xml.out:372 su.1.xml.out:377 su.1.xml.out:381 suauth.5.xml.out:201
+msgid "su"
+msgstr "su"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:392 nologin.8.xml.out:22 nologin.8.xml.out:29
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:35 nologin.8.xml.out:42 nologin.8.xml.out:48
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:63 nologin.8.xml.out:71
+msgid "nologin"
+msgstr "nologin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:398
+msgid "securetty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:16 pwconv.8.xml.out:21 suauth.5.xml.out:15
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:17
+msgid "Marek"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:17 pwconv.8.xml.out:22 suauth.5.xml.out:16
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:18
+msgid "Michałkiewicz"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:34 login.access.5.xml.out:41
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:48 login.access.5.xml.out:54
+msgid "login.access"
+msgstr "login.access"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:42
+msgid "login access control table"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:47
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, "
+"tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:53
+msgid ""
+"When someone logs in, the <_:emphasis-1/> is scanned for the first entry "
+"that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non-networked "
+"logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination. The "
+"permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be "
+"accepted or refused."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"Each line of the login access control table has three fields separated by a "
+"\":\" character:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "permission denied"
+msgid "permission"
+msgstr "brak dostępu"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "newusers"
+msgid "users"
+msgstr "newusers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+msgid "origins"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>:<_:emphasis-3/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:71
+msgid "+"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:74 login.access.5.xml.out:78 suauth.5.xml.out:78
+msgid "ALL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/literal
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:76 login.access.5.xml.out:77
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:80
+msgid "."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "LOCAL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:70
+msgid ""
+"The first field should be a \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" (access granted) or \"<_:"
+"emphasis-2/>\" (access denied) character. The second field should be a list "
+"of one or more login names, group names, or <_:emphasis-3/> (always "
+"matches). The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non-"
+"networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with \"<_:literal-4/>\"), "
+"host addresses, internet network numbers (end with \"<_:literal-5/>\"), <_:"
+"emphasis-6/> (always matches) or <_:emphasis-7/> (matches any string that "
+"does not contain a \"<_:literal-8/>\" character). If you run NIS you can use "
+"@netgroupname in host or user patterns."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "EXCEPT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:84
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> operator makes it possible to write very compact rules."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:89
+msgid ""
+"The group file is searched only when a name does not match that of the "
+"logged-in user. Only groups are matched in which users are explicitly "
+"listed: the program does not look at a user's primary group id value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:110 porttime.5.xml.out:119 suauth.5.xml.out:199
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "shadow password suite configuration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:115
+msgid ""
+"The <_:filename-1/> file defines the site-specific configuration for the "
+"shadow password suite. This file is required. Absence of this file will not "
+"prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:122
+msgid ""
+"This file is a readable text file, each line of the file describing one "
+"configuration parameter. The lines consist of a configuration name and "
+"value, separated by whitespace. Blank lines and comment lines are ignored. "
+"Comments are introduced with a \"#\" pound sign and the pound sign must be "
+"the first non-white character of the line."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:133 useradd.8.xml.out:242 useradd.8.xml.out:380
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:87 userdel.8.xml.out:297
+msgid "yes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:140
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "0"
+msgid "0x"
+msgstr "0"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:130
+msgid ""
+"Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long "
+"numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters. A boolean should "
+"be either the value <_:replaceable-1/> or <_:replaceable-2/>. An undefined "
+"boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a <_:"
+"replaceable-3/> value. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal "
+"values, octal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-4/>) or "
+"hexadecimal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-5/>). The maximum "
+"value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine-dependent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:145
+msgid "The following configuration items are provided:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:193 pwconv.8.xml.out:146 useradd.8.xml.out:309
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:314
+msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:193 pwconv.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "PASS_MIN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:194 pwconv.8.xml.out:147
+msgid "PASS_WARN_AGE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: variablelist/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:192
+msgid ""
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> are only used at the time of "
+"account creation. Any changes to these settings won't affect existing "
+"accounts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:225
+msgid "CROSS REFERENCES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:226
+msgid ""
+"The following cross references show which programs in the shadow password "
+"suite use which parameters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:235 login.defs.5.xml.out:423 login.defs.5.xml.out:431
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:503 pwck.8.xml.out:75 pwck.8.xml.out:216
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:232 pwconv.8.xml.out:89 pwconv.8.xml.out:91
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:94 pwconv.8.xml.out:105 pwconv.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:242
+msgid "CHFN_AUTH"
+msgstr "CHFN_AUTH"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:244 login.defs.5.xml.out:359
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "LOGIN_STRING"
+msgstr "CHFN_AUTH CHFN_RESTRICT"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:241
+msgid "<_:phrase-1/> CHFN_RESTRICT <_:phrase-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:253 login.defs.5.xml.out:264 login.defs.5.xml.out:284
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:388 login.defs.5.xml.out:404
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:251 login.defs.5.xml.out:282
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:262
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:272
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+msgstr "CHFN_AUTH CHFN_RESTRICT"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:292
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+"GID_MAX GID_MIN PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE UID_MAX UID_MIN "
+"UMASK"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:301 login.defs.5.xml.out:307 login.defs.5.xml.out:313
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:320 login.defs.5.xml.out:326 login.defs.5.xml.out:332
+msgid "MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:330 pwconv.8.xml.out:49 pwconv.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:119 pwconv.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:167
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "grpunconv"
+msgstr "grpunconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:339
+msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:346 login.defs.5.xml.out:439
+msgid "CONSOLE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:348
+msgid "ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:351
+msgid "FAILLOG_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:353
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "FILE"
+msgid "FTMP_FILE"
+msgstr "FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:355
+msgid "ISSUE_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:357
+msgid "LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:361
+msgid ""
+"MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE "
+"PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:365
+msgid "ULIMIT UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:345
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY "
+"<_:phrase-3/> FAKE_SHELL <_:phrase-4/> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <_:phrase-5/> KILLCHAR "
+"<_:phrase-6/> LOGIN_RETRIES <_:phrase-7/> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+"LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <_:phrase-8/> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <_:phrase-9/> "
+"USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:372
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "newgrp"
+msgid "newgrp / sg"
+msgstr "newgrp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:374
+msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:382
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
+"HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/> "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+"GID_MAX GID_MIN PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE UID_MAX UID_MIN "
+"UMASK"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:401
+msgid ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
+"PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:414
+msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:412 login.defs.5.xml.out:421
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE"
+msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:419 passwd.5.xml.out:188 pwconv.8.xml.out:39
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:46 pwconv.8.xml.out:55 pwconv.8.xml.out:83
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:88 pwconv.8.xml.out:90 pwconv.8.xml.out:134
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:144 pwconv.8.xml.out:165 pwconv.8.xml.out:216
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:277
+msgid "pwconv"
+msgstr "pwconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:428 passwd.5.xml.out:191 pwconv.8.xml.out:47
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:61 pwconv.8.xml.out:98 pwconv.8.xml.out:104
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:109 pwconv.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:157
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:166 shadow.5.xml.out:280
+msgid "pwunconv"
+msgstr "pwunconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:441
+msgid "ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:443
+msgid "ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:446
+msgid "SU_WHEEL_ONLY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:438
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH "
+"<_:phrase-3/> SULOG_FILE SU_NAME <_:phrase-4/> SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <_:phrase-5/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:453 passwd.5.xml.out:200 shadow.5.xml.out:286
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "sulogin"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:457 su.1.xml.out:278
+msgid "ENV_TZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:455
+msgid "ENV_HZ <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:475
+msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:464
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR "
+"MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <_:"
+"phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"GID_MAX GID_MIN PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE UID_MAX UID_MIN "
+"UMASK"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:485 login.defs.5.xml.out:495
+msgid "TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:482
+msgid ""
+"MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB <_:"
+"phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:492
+msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:500 vipw.8.xml.out:35 vipw.8.xml.out:42
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:51 vipw.8.xml.out:67 vipw.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "vipw"
+msgstr "vipw"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:511 pwconv.8.xml.out:193 suauth.5.xml.out:179
+msgid "BUGS"
+msgstr "BŁĘDY"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:512
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+msgid ""
+"Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow password "
+"suite is now handled by PAM. Thus, <_:filename-1/> is no longer used by <_:"
+"citerefentry-2/>, or less used by <_:citerefentry-3/>, and <_:citerefentry-4/"
+">. Please refer to the corresponding PAM configuration files instead."
+msgstr ""
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:545
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "*name"
+msgid "pam"
+msgstr "*name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:528
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:33 logoutd.8.xml.out:40 logoutd.8.xml.out:46
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:53 logoutd.8.xml.out:55
+msgid "logoutd"
+msgstr "logoutd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "enforce login time restrictions"
+msgstr "wymuszenie ograniczeń czasu logowania"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:54 logoutd.8.xml.out:60 logoutd.8.xml.out:68
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:87 porttime.5.xml.out:109
+msgid "/etc/porttime"
+msgstr "/etc/porttime"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:56
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/group"
+msgid "/etc/rc"
+msgstr "/etc/group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:52
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>logoutd</command> enforces the login time and port restrictions "
+#| "specified in <filename>/etc/porttime</filename>. <command>logoutd</"
+#| "command> should be started from <filename>/etc/rc</filename>. The "
+#| "<filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> file is scanned periodically and each "
+#| "user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named "
+#| "port at the current time. Any login session which is violating the "
+#| "restrictions in <filename>/etc/porttime</filename> is terminated."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in <_:"
+"filename-2/>. <_:command-3/> should be started from <_:filename-4/>. The <_:"
+"filename-5/> file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to "
+"see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time. "
+"Any login session which is violating the restrictions in <_:filename-6/> is "
+"terminated."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>logoutd</command> wymusza ograniczenia portów i czasów logowania "
+"podane w <filename>/etc/porttime</filename>. <command>logoutd</command> "
+"powinno być uruchamiane z <filename>/etc/rc</filename>.  Okresowo "
+"przeglądany jest plik <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename>. Sprawdzana jest "
+"każda nazwa  użytkownika, aby stwierdzić, czy użytkownik ma zezwolenie na "
+"pracę w bieżącym czasie na danym porcie. Każda sesja pracy (logowania) "
+"naruszająca ograniczenia zawarte w <filename>/etc/porttime</filename> jest "
+"kończona."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:70 porttime.5.xml.out:111
+msgid "File containing port access."
+msgstr "Plik zawierający ustawienia dostępu do portów."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "log in to a new group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:54
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to change the current group ID during a "
+"login session. If the optional <_:option-2/> flag is given, the user's "
+"environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, "
+"otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, "
+"remains unchanged."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:62
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to "
+"the default group listed in <_:filename-2/> if no group name is given. <_:"
+"command-3/> also tries to add the group to the user groupset. If not root, "
+"the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in "
+"<_:filename-4/> if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or "
+"in <_:filename-5/> otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not "
+"listed as a member and the group has a password. The user will be denied "
+"access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If there is an entry for this group in <_:filename-1/>, then the list of "
+"members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, "
+"otherwise, the entry in <_:filename-2/> is considered."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:130 sg.1.xml.out:119
+msgid "id"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "update and create new users in batch"
+msgstr "wsadowa aktualizacja i tworzenie nowych użytkowników"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>newusers</command> command reads a file of user name and "
+#| "clear-text password pairs and uses this information to update a group of "
+#| "existing users or to create new users. Each line is in the same format as "
+#| "the standard password file (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>) with the following "
+#| "exceptions:"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a <_:replaceable-2/> (or the standard input "
+"by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or "
+"to create new users. Each line is in the same format as the standard "
+"password file (see <_:citerefentry-3/>) with the exceptions explained below:"
+msgstr ""
+"Polecenie <command>newusers</command> odczytuje z pliku nazwa użytkowników i "
+"podane jawnym tekstem hasło. Odczytane informacje wykorzystywane są do "
+"aktualizacji grupy istniejących użytkowników lub tworzenia nowych. Każdy "
+"wiersz pliku posiada taki sam format jak standardowy plik haseł (patrz "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>), z następującymi wyjątkami:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "*name"
+msgid "pw_name"
+msgstr "*name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:90
+msgid "This is the name of the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:93
+msgid ""
+"It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>). In case of an existing user, the user's "
+"information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "pw_passwd"
+msgstr "pw_passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:107
+msgid ""
+"This field will be encrypted and used as the new value of the encrypted "
+"password."
+msgstr ""
+"To pole zostanie zakodowane i użyte jako nowa wartość zakodowanego hasła."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:115
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "pw_gid"
+msgid "pw_uid"
+msgstr "pw_gid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "This field is used to define the UID of the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:121
+msgid ""
+"If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by "
+"<_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "If this field contains a number, this number will be used as the UID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:129
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>), the UID of the specified user will be "
+"used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"If the UID of an existing user is changed, the files ownership of the user's "
+"file should be fixed manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:143
+msgid "pw_gid"
+msgstr "pw_gid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "This field is used to define the primary group ID for the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:149
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created "
+"before by <_:command-1/>), the GID of this group will be used as the primary "
+"group ID for the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:155
+msgid ""
+"If this field is a number, this number will be used as the primary group ID "
+"of the user. If no groups exist with this GID, a new group will be created "
+"with this GID, and the name of the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:161
+msgid ""
+"If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the "
+"user and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-1/> to be used as "
+"the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:167
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>), a new group will be created with the "
+"specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-2/> to "
+"be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:179
+msgid "pw_gecos"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:182
+msgid "This field is copied in the GECOS field of the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "pw_dir"
+msgstr "pw_dir"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:192
+msgid "This field is used to define the home directory of the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "newusers does not create parent directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified "
+"directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or "
+"updated and its primary group. Note that <_:emphasis-1/> of the new user's "
+"home directory. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory "
+"if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr "
+"informing the user of the failure. The newusers command will not halt or "
+"return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home "
+"directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:208
+msgid ""
+"If the home directory of an existing user is changed, <_:command-1/> does "
+"not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location. This "
+"should be done manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:218
+msgid "pw_shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:221
+msgid ""
+"This field defines the shell of the user. No checks are performed on this "
+"field."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:229
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> first tries to create or change all the specified users, and "
+"then write these changes to the user or group databases. If an error occurs "
+"(except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to "
+"the databases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:235
+msgid ""
+"During this first pass, users are created with a locked password (and "
+"passwords are not changed for the users which are not created). A second "
+"pass is used to update the passwords using PAM. Failures to update a "
+"password are reported, but will not stop the other password updates."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:243
+msgid ""
+"This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many "
+"accounts are updated at a single time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:257 pwck.8.xml.out:164 useradd.8.xml.out:108
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:89
+msgid "--badname"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:260 pwck.8.xml.out:167 useradd.8.xml.out:111
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "Allow names that do not conform to standards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:290 useradd.8.xml.out:459
+msgid "Create a system account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:297 useradd.8.xml.out:466 usermod.8.xml.out:398
+msgid "SYS_UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:297 useradd.8.xml.out:466 usermod.8.xml.out:398
+msgid "SYS_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:308 useradd.8.xml.out:319
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:468 useradd.8.xml.out:538 usermod.8.xml.out:397
+msgid "UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:308 useradd.8.xml.out:321
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:468 useradd.8.xml.out:543 usermod.8.xml.out:397
+msgid "UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:293 useradd.8.xml.out:462
+msgid ""
+"System users will be created with no aging information in <_:filename-1/>, "
+"and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the <_:option-2/>-<_:option-3/> "
+"range, defined in <_:filename-4/>, instead of <_:option-5/>-<_:option-6/> "
+"(and their <_:option-7/> counterparts for the creation of groups)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:349
+msgid ""
+"The input file must be protected since it contains unencrypted passwords."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:429
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/passwd"
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/newusers"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:435 useradd.8.xml.out:222 useradd.8.xml.out:481
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:785 userdel.8.xml.out:215 usermod.8.xml.out:587
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "/etc/subgid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:437 useradd.8.xml.out:787 userdel.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:441 useradd.8.xml.out:222 useradd.8.xml.out:480
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:791 userdel.8.xml.out:221 usermod.8.xml.out:593
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "/etc/subuid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:443 useradd.8.xml.out:793 userdel.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:460 useradd.8.xml.out:906 userdel.8.xml.out:335
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:633
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "subgid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:463 useradd.8.xml.out:909 userdel.8.xml.out:338
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:636
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "subuid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:458 useradd.8.xml.out:904 userdel.8.xml.out:333
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:631
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:30
+msgid "politely refuse a login"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:41
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command displays a message that an account is not "
+"available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement shell field "
+"for accounts that have been disabled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:46
+msgid "To disable all logins, investigate <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:52
+msgid "SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:51
+msgid "If <_:command-1/> is populated it will be logged."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:69
+msgid "HISTORY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:70
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command appeared in BSD 4.4."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:48
+msgid "change user password"
+msgstr "zmiana hasła użytkownika"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:65
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes passwords for user accounts. A normal "
+"user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser "
+"may change the password for any account. <_:command-2/> also changes the "
+"account or associated password validity period."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "Password Changes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"The user is first prompted for their old password, if one is present. This "
+"password is then encrypted and compared against the stored password. The "
+"user has only one chance to enter the correct password. The superuser is "
+"permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten passwords may be changed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:83
+msgid ""
+"After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked "
+"to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time. If not, "
+"<_:command-1/> refuses to change the password and exits."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:90
+msgid ""
+"The user is then prompted twice for a replacement password. The second entry "
+"is compared against the first and both are required to match in order for "
+"the password to be changed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:96
+msgid ""
+"Then, the password is tested for complexity. As a general guideline, "
+"passwords should consist of 6 to 8 characters including one or more "
+"characters from each of the following sets:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "lower case alphabetics"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:107
+msgid "digits 0 thru 9"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "punctuation marks"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill "
+"characters. <_:command-1/> will reject any password which is not suitably "
+"complex."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "Hints for user passwords"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:127
+msgid "UNIX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption "
+"algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy <_:emphasis-1/> System "
+"encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm. More recent methods are "
+"now recommended (see <_:option-2/>). The size of the key space depends upon "
+"the randomness of the password which is selected."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"Compromises in password security normally result from careless password "
+"selection or handling. For this reason, you should not select a password "
+"which appears in a dictionary or which must be written down. The password "
+"should also not be a proper name, your license number, birth date, or street "
+"address. Any of these may be used as guesses to violate system security."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:142
+msgid ""
+"You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en."
+"wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:160
+msgid ""
+"This option can be used only with <_:option-1/> and causes show status for "
+"all users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:171
+msgid ""
+"Delete a user's password (make it empty). This is a quick way to disable a "
+"password for an account. It will set the named account passwordless."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:180
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "expiry"
+msgid "--expire"
+msgstr "expiry"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"Immediately expire an account's password. This in effect can force a user to "
+"change their password at the user's next login."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:200
+msgid ""
+"This option is used to disable an account after the password has been "
+"expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired "
+"password for <_:replaceable-1/> days, the user may no longer sign on to the "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:210 useradd.8.xml.out:278 useradd.8.xml.out:356
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-k"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:210
+msgid "--keep-tokens"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:213
+msgid ""
+"Indicate password change should be performed only for expired authentication "
+"tokens (passwords). The user wishes to keep their non-expired tokens as "
+"before."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:222 usermod.8.xml.out:231
+msgid "--lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:225
+msgid ""
+"Lock the password of the named account. This option disables a password by "
+"changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it adds a "
+"´!´ at the beginning of the password)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:235
+msgid "usermod --expiredate 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:231
+msgid ""
+"Note that this does not disable the account. The user may still be able to "
+"login using another authentication token (e.g. an SSH key). To disable the "
+"account, administrators should use <_:command-1/> (this set the account's "
+"expire date to Jan 2, 1970)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:238
+msgid "Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:258 pwck.8.xml.out:179 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "-q"
+msgstr "-q"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:258 pwck.8.xml.out:179 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "--quiet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:261 vipw.8.xml.out:110
+msgid "Quiet mode."
+msgstr "Cichy tryb pracy."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268
+msgid "--repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268 passwd.1.xml.out:272
+msgid "REPOSITORY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:271
+msgid "change password in <_:replaceable-1/> repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:291
+msgid "--status"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:294
+msgid ""
+"Display account status information. The status information consists of 7 "
+"fields. The first field is the user's login name. The second field indicates "
+"if the user account has a locked password (L), has no password (NP), or has "
+"a usable password (P). The third field gives the date of the last password "
+"change. The next four fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning "
+"period, and inactivity period for the password. These ages are expressed in "
+"days."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:309 usermod.8.xml.out:405
+msgid "--unlock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:312
+msgid ""
+"Unlock the password of the named account. This option re-enables a password "
+"by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before "
+"using the <_:option-1/> option)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:325
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. "
+#| "The <replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable> option is the number of days "
+#| "prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password "
+#| "is about to expire."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The "
+"<_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password "
+"expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"Ustawia na <replaceable>DNI_OSTRZ</replaceable> liczbę dni przed upływem "
+"ważności hasła. Od tego dnia użytkownik będzie ostrzegany o nadchodzącym "
+"terminie zmiany hasła."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-x"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:338
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>, the password is required to be changed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:355
+msgid ""
+"Password complexity checking may vary from site to site. The user is urged "
+"to select a password as complex as he or she feels comfortable with."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:360
+msgid ""
+"Users may not be able to change their password on a system if NIS is enabled "
+"and they are not logged into the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:365
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> uses PAM to authenticate users and to change their passwords."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:411
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/passwd"
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/passwd"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:439
+msgid "invalid combination of options"
+msgstr "nieprawidłowa kombinacja opcji"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:445
+msgid "unexpected failure, nothing done"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:451
+msgid "unexpected failure, <_:filename-1/> file missing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:457
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> file busy, try again"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:472
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:phrase-4/> "
+"<_:citerefentry-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "the password file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:49 shadow.5.xml.out:59
+msgid ":"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:46
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> contains one line for each user account, with seven fields "
+"delimited by colons (<_:quote-2/>). These fields are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:54 shadow.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "login name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:57
+msgid "optional encrypted password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "numerical user ID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "numerical group ID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "user name or comment field"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:69
+msgid "user home directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "optional user command interpreter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:78
+msgid "x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "must"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:emphasis-1/> field is a lower-case <_:quote-2/>, then the "
+"encrypted password is actually stored in the <_:citerefentry-3/> file "
+"instead; there <_:emphasis-4/> be a corresponding line in the <_:filename-5/"
+"> file, or else the user account is invalid."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:90
+msgid "any"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:85
+msgid ""
+"The encrypted <_:emphasis-1/> field may be empty, in which case no password "
+"is required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some "
+"applications which read the <_:filename-2/> file may decide not to permit <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> access at all if the <_:emphasis-4/> field is blank."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:94
+msgid ""
+"A <_:emphasis-1/> field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the "
+"password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> field before the password was locked."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:107 shadow.5.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a "
+"unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)."
+msgstr ""
+"Nowa wartość pola komentarza dla danego użytkownika w pliku haseł. Zwykle "
+"jest zmieniana przy pomocy polecenia <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system "
+"utilities, such as <_:citerefentry-1/>. The use of an ampersand here will be "
+"replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed "
+"by such system utilities."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:123
+msgid ""
+"The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory. "
+"The <_:command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:"
+"envar-2/> environmental variable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:134 sg.1.xml.out:61 su.1.xml.out:190
+msgid "/bin/sh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:129
+msgid ""
+"The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command "
+"language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The <_:"
+"command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:envar-2/"
+"> environmental variable. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value "
+"<_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:150
+msgid "optional encrypted password file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:154
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/passwd"
+msgid "/etc/passwd-"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:156
+msgid "Backup file for /etc/passwd."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:157 shadow.5.xml.out:249
+msgid ""
+"Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by "
+"all user and password management tools."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:173
+msgid "getent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:176
+msgid "getpwnam"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:168
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-10/>, <_:citerefentry-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:33 porttime.5.xml.out:40 porttime.5.xml.out:47
+msgid "porttime"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "port access time file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:46
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted "
+"login times."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:51
+msgid ""
+"Each entry consists of three colon separated fields. The first field is a "
+"comma separated list of tty devices, or an asterisk to indicate that all tty "
+"devices are matched by this entry. The second field is a comma separated "
+"list of user names, or an asterisk to indicated that all user names are "
+"matched by this entry. The third field is a comma separated list of "
+"permitted access times."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:62
+msgid "Su"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:62
+msgid "Mo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "Tu"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "We"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "Th"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "Fr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:65
+msgid "Sa"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "Wk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:67 porttime.5.xml.out:68
+msgid "Al"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:60
+msgid ""
+"Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, "
+"abbreviated <_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/"
+">, <_:emphasis-5/>, <_:emphasis-6/>, and <_:emphasis-7/>, followed by a pair "
+"of times separated by a hyphen. The abbreviation <_:emphasis-8/> may be used "
+"to represent Monday thru Friday, and <_:emphasis-9/> may be used to indicate "
+"every day. If no days are given, <_:emphasis-10/> is assumed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:74
+msgid "EXAMPLES"
+msgstr "PRZYKŁADY"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:77
+msgid "jfh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"The following entry allows access to user <_:emphasis-1/> on every port "
+"during weekdays from 9am to 5pm."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700"
+msgstr "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "oper"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:86
+msgid "/dev/console"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:83
+msgid ""
+"The following entries allow access only to the users <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> on <_:filename-3/> at any time. This illustrates how the <_:"
+"filename-4/> file is an ordered list of access times. Any other user would "
+"match the second entry which does not permit access at any time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      console:root,oper:Al0000-2400\n"
+#| "      console:*:\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "console:root,oper:Al0000-2400 console:*:"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      console:root,oper:Al0000-2400\n"
+"      console:*:\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:99
+msgid "games"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:97
+msgid ""
+"The following entry allows access for the user <_:emphasis-1/> on any port "
+"during non-working hours."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:102
+msgid "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400"
+msgstr "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:48
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "can't update password file"
+msgid "verify the integrity of password files"
+msgstr "nie można zaktualizować pliku z hasłami"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "PASSWORDFILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:61 pwck.8.xml.out:106
+msgid "SHADOWFILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:75 pwck.8.xml.out:226
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/motd"
+msgid "/etc/tcb"
+msgstr "/etc/motd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>, when <_:option-2/> is enabled)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:70
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the users and "
+"authentication information. It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> "
+"and <_:filename-3/> <_:phrase-4/> have the proper format and contain valid "
+"data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted "
+"or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:88
+msgid "a unique and valid user name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:91
+msgid "a valid user and group identifier"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "a valid primary group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:97
+msgid "a valid home directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:100
+msgid "a valid login shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:104
+msgid ""
+"Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file "
+"parameter <_:replaceable-1/> is specified or when <_:filename-2/> exists on "
+"the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:109
+msgid "These checks are the following:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"every passwd entry has a matching shadow entry, and every shadow entry has a "
+"matching passwd entry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "passwords are specified in the shadowed file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:123
+msgid "shadow entries have the correct number of fields"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "shadow entries are unique in shadow"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "the last password changes are not in the future"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal. If "
+"the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to "
+"delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all "
+"further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated user name is "
+"prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All "
+"other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/"
+"> command to correct the error."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:144
+msgid ""
+"The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> file are not able to alter "
+"corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-2/> should be used in those "
+"circumstances to remove the offending entry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:181
+msgid ""
+"Report errors only. The warnings which do not require any action from the "
+"user won't be displayed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:190
+msgid "Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> by UID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:215
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+msgid "This option has no effect when <_:option-1/> is enabled."
+msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:225
+msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:222
+msgid ""
+"By default, <_:command-1/> operates on the files <_:filename-2/> and <_:"
+"filename-3/><_:phrase-4/>. The user may select alternate files with the <_:"
+"replaceable-5/> and <_:replaceable-6/> parameters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:231
+msgid ""
+"Note that when <_:option-1/> is enabled, you cannot specify an alternative "
+"<_:replaceable-2/> file. In future releases, this parameter could be "
+"replaced by an alternate TCB directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:301
+msgid "one or more bad password entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:307
+msgid "can't open password files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:313
+msgid "can't lock password files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:319
+msgid "can't update password files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:325
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "can't update password file"
+msgid "can't sort password files"
+msgstr "nie można zaktualizować pliku z hasłami"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:50
+msgid "convert to and from shadow passwords and groups"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:82 pwconv.8.xml.out:112
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:emphasis-2/> from <_:emphasis-3/> and "
+"an optionally existing <_:emphasis-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:93 pwconv.8.xml.out:251
+msgid "tcb_convert"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:87
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. To convert to tcb "
+"passwords, you should first use <_:command-3/> to convert to shadowed "
+"passwords by disabling <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> and then convert to "
+"tcb password using <_:command-6/> (and re-enable <_:option-7/> in <_:"
+"filename-8/>.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:97 pwconv.8.xml.out:118
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:emphasis-2/> from <_:emphasis-3/> and "
+"<_:emphasis-4/> and then removes <_:emphasis-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:106 pwconv.8.xml.out:254
+msgid "tcb_unconvert"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:103
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. You should first "
+"switch back from tcb to shadowed passwords using <_:command-3/>, and then "
+"disable <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> before using <_:command-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:125
+msgid ""
+"These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group "
+"files: <_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>, <_:filename-3/>, and <_:filename-4/"
+">."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. <_:command-1/> "
+"and <_:command-2/> are similar. First, entries in the shadowed file which "
+"don't exist in the main file are removed. Then, shadowed entries which don't "
+"have `x' as the password in the main file are updated. Any missing shadowed "
+"entries are added. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with "
+"`x'. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the "
+"shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:143
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will use the values of <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and "
+"<_:emphasis-4/> from <_:filename-5/> when adding new entries to <_:"
+"filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:152
+msgid ""
+"Likewise <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> are similar. Passwords in the "
+"main file are updated from the shadowed file. Entries which exist in the "
+"main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone. Finally, the shadowed "
+"file is removed. Some password aging information is lost by <_:command-3/>. "
+"It will convert what it can."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:164
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The options which apply to the <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</"
+#| "command> commands are:"
+msgid ""
+"The options which apply to the <_:command-1/>, <_:command-2/>, <_:command-3/"
+">, and <_:command-4/> commands are:"
+msgstr ""
+"Polecenia <command>vipw</command> i <command>vigr</command> posiadają "
+"następujące opcje:Polecenia <command>vipw</command> i <command>vigr</"
+"command> posiadają następujące opcje:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:194
+msgid ""
+"Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) "
+"may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways. "
+"Please run <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> to correct any such errors "
+"before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:205
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variable in <_:filename-1/> changes the behavior "
+"of <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/>:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:213
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior "
+"of <_:command-2/>:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:249
+msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:240
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/><_:phrase-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:35
+msgid "Library Calls"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:41 shadow.3.xml.out:160
+msgid "getspnam"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:42
+msgid "encrypted password file routines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:46
+msgid "SYNTAX"
+msgstr "SKŁADNIA"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:48
+msgid "#include &lt;shadow.h&gt;"
+msgstr "#include &lt;shadow.h&gt;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:52
+msgid "struct spwd *getspent();"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:56
+msgid "struct spwd *getspnam(char"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspnam(char"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:57
+msgid "*name"
+msgstr "*name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:57 shadow.3.xml.out:70 shadow.3.xml.out:75
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:81
+msgid ");"
+msgstr ");"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:61
+msgid "void setspent();"
+msgstr "void setspent()"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:65
+msgid "void endspent();"
+msgstr "void endspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:69
+msgid "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE"
+msgstr "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:70 shadow.3.xml.out:81
+msgid "*fp"
+msgstr "*fp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:74
+msgid "struct spwd *sgetspent(char"
+msgstr "struct spwd *sgetspent(char"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:75
+msgid "*cp"
+msgstr "*cp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:79
+msgid "int putspent(struct spwd"
+msgstr "int putspent(struct spwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:80
+msgid "*p,"
+msgstr "*p,"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:80
+msgid "FILE"
+msgstr "FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:85
+msgid "int lckpwdf();"
+msgstr "int lckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:89
+msgid "int ulckpwdf();"
+msgstr "int ulckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:98
+msgid "#include"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:95
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> manipulates the contents of the shadow password file, <_:"
+"filename-2/>. The structure in the <_:emphasis-3/> file is:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"struct spwd { char *sp_namp; /* user login name */ char *sp_pwdp; /* "
+"encrypted password */ long int sp_lstchg; /* last password change */ long "
+"int sp_min; /* days until change allowed. */ long int sp_max; /* days before "
+"change required */ long int sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */ long "
+"int sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */ long int sp_expire; /* date "
+"when account expires */ unsigned long int sp_flag; /* reserved for future "
+"use */ }"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:112
+msgid "The meanings of each field are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:115
+msgid "sp_namp - pointer to null-terminated user name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:118
+msgid "sp_pwdp - pointer to null-terminated password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:121
+msgid "sp_lstchg - days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:124
+msgid "sp_min - days before which password may not be changed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:127
+msgid "sp_max - days after which password must be changed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:130
+msgid ""
+"sp_warn - days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending "
+"password expiration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"sp_inact - days after password expires that account is considered inactive "
+"and disabled"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:140
+msgid "sp_expire - days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:143
+msgid "sp_flag - reserved for future use"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:152 shadow.3.xml.out:155
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "getspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "getspname"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:153 shadow.3.xml.out:156
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "fgetspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:153 shadow.3.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "sgetspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:154 shadow.3.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "struct spwd *getspent();"
+msgid "struct spwd"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:161
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "*name"
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "*name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:151
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and <_:emphasis-4/> each "
+"return a pointer to a <_:emphasis-5/>. <_:emphasis-6/> returns the next "
+"entry from the file, and <_:emphasis-7/> returns the next entry from the "
+"given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format. <_:"
+"emphasis-8/> returns a pointer to a <_:emphasis-9/> using the provided "
+"string as input. <_:emphasis-10/> searches from the current position in the "
+"file for an entry matching <_:emphasis-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "void setspent();"
+msgid "setspent"
+msgstr "void setspent()"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "void endspent();"
+msgid "endspent"
+msgstr "void endspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:164
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> may be used to begin and end, "
+"respectively, access to the shadow password file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:171 shadow.3.xml.out:173 shadow.3.xml.out:178
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "int lckpwdf();"
+msgid "lckpwdf"
+msgstr "int lckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:171
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "int ulckpwdf();"
+msgid "ulckpwdf"
+msgstr "int ulckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:174
+msgid "pw_lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:176
+msgid "spw_lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:170
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> routines should be used to insure "
+"exclusive access to the <_:filename-3/> file. <_:emphasis-4/> attempts to "
+"acquire a lock using <_:emphasis-5/> for up to 15 seconds. It continues by "
+"attempting to acquire a second lock using <_:emphasis-6/> for the remainder "
+"of the initial 15 seconds. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 "
+"seconds, <_:emphasis-7/> returns -1. When both locks are acquired 0 is "
+"returned."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:184 suauth.5.xml.out:189
+msgid "DIAGNOSTICS"
+msgstr "DIAGNOSTYKA"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:187
+msgid "int"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:185
+msgid ""
+"Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs "
+"during processing. Routines which have <_:emphasis-1/> as the return value "
+"return 0 for success and -1 for failure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"These routines may only be used by the superuser as access to the shadow "
+"password file is restricted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:217
+msgid "getpwent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:41
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "can't update password file"
+msgid "shadowed password file"
+msgstr "nie można zaktualizować pliku z hasłami"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:46
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> is a file which contains the password information for the "
+"system's accounts and optional aging information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (<_:quote-1/"
+">), in the following order:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "It must be a valid account name, which exist on the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:74
+msgid ""
+"This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to "
+"authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications which "
+"read the <_:filename-1/> file may decide not to permit any access at all if "
+"the password field is empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:103
+msgid "date of last password change"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:106
+msgid ""
+"The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since "
+"Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:110
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her "
+"password the next time she will log in the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:115
+msgid "An empty field means that password aging features are disabled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:122
+msgid "minimum password age"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"The minimum password age is the number of days the user will have to wait "
+"before she will be allowed to change her password again."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:129
+msgid "An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:136
+msgid "maximum password age"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"The maximum password age is the number of days after which the user will "
+"have to change her password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:142
+msgid ""
+"After this number of days is elapsed, the password may still be valid. The "
+"user should be asked to change her password the next time she will log in."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:147
+msgid ""
+"An empty field means that there are no maximum password age, no password "
+"warning period, and no password inactivity period (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:152
+msgid ""
+"If the maximum password age is lower than the minimum password age, the user "
+"cannot change her password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:160
+msgid "password warning period"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:163
+msgid ""
+"The number of days before a password is going to expire (see the maximum "
+"password age above) during which the user should be warned."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:168
+msgid ""
+"An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no password warning period."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:176
+msgid "password inactivity period"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:179
+msgid ""
+"The number of days after a password has expired (see the maximum password "
+"age above) during which the password should still be accepted (and the user "
+"should update her password during the next login)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:185
+msgid ""
+"After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no "
+"login is possible for the user. The user should contact her administrator."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:190
+msgid ""
+"An empty field means that there are no enforcement of an inactivity period."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:198
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "User account information."
+msgid "account expiration date"
+msgstr "Informacja o kontach użytkowników."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:201
+msgid ""
+"The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since "
+"Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:205
+msgid ""
+"Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration. In case "
+"of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login. In case of "
+"a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:211
+msgid "An empty field means that the account will never expire."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:214
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 should not be used as it is interpreted as either an account "
+"with no expiration, or as an expiration on Jan 1, 1970."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:222
+msgid "reserved field"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:224
+msgid "This field is reserved for future use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:246
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/shadow"
+msgid "/etc/shadow-"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:248
+msgid "Backup file for /etc/shadow."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: sg.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "execute command as different group ID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: sg.1.xml.out:49
+msgid "group <_:arg-1/> command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: sg.1.xml.out:58
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command works similar to <_:command-2/> but accepts a "
+"command. The command will be executed with the <_:filename-3/> shell. With "
+"most shells you may run <_:command-4/> from, you need to enclose multi-word "
+"commands in quotes. Another difference between <_:command-5/> and <_:"
+"command-6/> is that some shells treat <_:command-7/> specially, replacing "
+"themselves with a new instance of a shell that <_:command-8/> creates. This "
+"doesn't happen with <_:command-9/>, so upon exit from a <_:command-10/> "
+"command you are returned to your previous group ID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: su.1.xml.out:58
+msgid "change user ID or become superuser"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:72
+msgid "args"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:80
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to become another user during a login "
+"session. Invoked without a <_:option-2/>, <_:command-3/> defaults to "
+"becoming the superuser. The <_:option-4/> option may be used to provide an "
+"environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in "
+"directly. The <_:option-5/> option may be used to treat the next argument as "
+"a command by most shells."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:92 su.1.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "--"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:90
+msgid ""
+"Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list. You can use the <_:"
+"option-1/> argument to stop option parsing. The <_:option-2/> option is "
+"special: it is also recognized after <_:option-3/>, but has to be placed "
+"before <_:option-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:98
+msgid ""
+"The user will be prompted for a password, if appropriate. Invalid passwords "
+"will produce an error message. All attempts, both valid and invalid, are "
+"logged to detect abuse of the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: su.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "/bin:/usr/bin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: su.1.xml.out:106
+msgid "/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:108 su.1.xml.out:220
+msgid "ENV_PATH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:108 su.1.xml.out:221
+msgid "ENV_SUPATH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:103
+msgid ""
+"The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of <_:envar-1/"
+"> is reset to <_:filename-2/> for normal users, or <_:filename-3/> for the "
+"superuser. This may be changed with the <_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/> "
+"definitions in <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+msgid "--command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+msgid "COMMAND"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:129
+msgid ""
+"Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its <_:option-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"The executed command will have no controlling terminal. This option cannot "
+"be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:156 su.1.xml.out:256 su.1.xml.out:263
+#: su.1.xml.out:273 su.1.xml.out:286 usermod.8.xml.out:217
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "--login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: su.1.xml.out:143 su.1.xml.out:206
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>"
+msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:147
+msgid ""
+"Provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user "
+"logged in directly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:151
+msgid ""
+"When <_:option-1/> is used, it must be specified before any <_:option-2/>. "
+"For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any <_:"
+"option-3/>. The other forms (<_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/>) do not have "
+"this restriction."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:166
+msgid "The shell that will be invoked."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:174
+msgid "The shell specified with --shell."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:178 su.1.xml.out:208
+msgid "--preserve-environment"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:177
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the shell specified by the <_:envar-2/> "
+"environment variable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:184
+msgid "The shell indicated in the <_:filename-1/> entry for the target user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:190
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> if a shell could not be found by any above method."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:167
+msgid ""
+"The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): <_:variablelist-1/"
+">"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of this "
+"user's entry in <_:filename-1/> is not listed in <_:filename-2/>), then the "
+"<_:option-3/> option or the <_:envar-4/> environment variable won't be taken "
+"into account, unless <_:command-5/> is called by root."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:217
+msgid ""
+"reset according to the <_:filename-1/> options <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/"
+"> (see below);"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/envar
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:226 su.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "$IFS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: su.1.xml.out:230
+msgid "&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:228
+msgid "reset to <_:quote-1/>, if it was set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:211
+msgid "Preserve the current environment, except for: <_:variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:237
+msgid ""
+"If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless "
+"<_:command-1/> is called by root)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:248
+msgid "$USER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:246
+msgid ""
+"The <_:envar-1/>, <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, <_:envar-5/>, "
+"and <_:envar-6/> environment variables are reset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:255
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is not used, the environment is copied, except for the "
+"variables above."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:264
+msgid "$COLORTERM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:265
+msgid "$DISPLAY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:266
+msgid "$XAUTHORITY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:262
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, and "
+"<_:envar-5/> environment variables are copied if they were set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:274
+msgid "$TZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:274
+msgid "$HZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:279
+msgid "ENV_HZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:279 userdel.8.xml.out:116
+msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgstr "MAIL_DIR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:280
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgid "MAIL_FILE"
+msgstr "MAIL_DIR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:272
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, and <_:envar-4/> "
+"environment variables are set according to the <_:filename-5/> options <_:"
+"option-6/>, <_:option-7/>, <_:option-8/>, and <_:option-9/> (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:288
+msgid "ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:285
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, other environment variables might be set by the <_:"
+"option-2/> file (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:293
+msgid "Other environments might be set by PAM modules."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:241
+msgid ""
+"Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: <_:"
+"variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:367
+msgid ""
+"On success, <_:command-1/> returns the exit value of the command it executed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:371
+msgid ""
+"If this command was terminated by a signal, <_:command-1/> returns the "
+"number of this signal plus 128."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:375
+msgid ""
+"If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the "
+"command did not terminate in time), <_:command-1/> returns 255."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:387
+msgid "success (<_:option-1/> only)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:393
+msgid "System or authentication failure"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:397
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "12"
+msgid "126"
+msgstr "12"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:399
+msgid "The requested command was not found"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:403
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "12"
+msgid "127"
+msgstr "12"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:405
+msgid "The requested command could not be executed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:380
+msgid ""
+"Some exit values from <_:command-1/> are independent from the executed "
+"command: <_:variablelist-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:414
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#| "citerefentry>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:33 suauth.5.xml.out:40
+msgid "suauth"
+msgstr "suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "detailed su control file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:46 suauth.5.xml.out:53 suauth.5.xml.out:172
+msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:52
+msgid ""
+"The file <_:filename-1/> is referenced whenever the su command is called. It "
+"can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:59
+msgid "1) the user su is targeting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:63
+msgid ""
+"2) the user executing the su command (or any groups he might be a member of)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:68
+msgid ""
+"The file is formatted like this, with lines starting with a # being treated "
+"as comment lines and ignored;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:73
+msgid "to-id:from-id:ACTION"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "ALL EXCEPT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:77
+msgid ""
+"Where to-id is either the word <_:emphasis-1/>, a list of usernames "
+"delimited by \",\" or the words <_:emphasis-2/> followed by a list of "
+"usernames delimited by \",\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "ALL EXCEPT GROUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:83
+msgid ""
+"from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word <_:emphasis-1/> "
+"is recognized. <_:emphasis-2/> is perfectly valid too. Following <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> appears one or more group names, delimited by \",\". It is not "
+"sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/> is necessary."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:94
+msgid "Action can be one only of the following currently supported options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:100
+msgid "DENY"
+msgstr "DENY"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:103
+msgid "The attempt to su is stopped before a password is even asked for."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "NOPASS"
+msgstr "NOPASS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:113
+msgid ""
+"The attempt to su is automatically successful; no password is asked for."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:121
+msgid "OWNPASS"
+msgstr "OWNPASS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"For the su command to be successful, the user must enter his or her own "
+"password. They are told this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"Note there are three separate fields delimited by a colon. No whitespace "
+"must surround this colon. Also note that the file is examined sequentially "
+"line by line, and the first applicable rule is used without examining the "
+"file further. This makes it possible for a system administrator to exercise "
+"as fine control as he or she wishes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:142
+msgid "EXAMPLE"
+msgstr "EXAMPLE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:143
+msgid ""
+"# sample /etc/suauth file # # A couple of privileged usernames may # su to "
+"root with their own password. # root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS # # Anyone else "
+"may not su to root unless in # group wheel. This is how BSD does things. # "
+"root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY # # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts "
+"# owned by the same person. # Access can be arranged between them # with no "
+"password. # terry:birddog:NOPASS birddog:terry:NOPASS #"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:180
+msgid ""
+"There could be plenty lurking. The file parser is particularly unforgiving "
+"about syntax errors, expecting no spurious whitespace (apart from beginning "
+"and end of lines), and a specific token delimiting different things."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:192
+msgid "syslogd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:190
+msgid ""
+"An error parsing the file is reported using <_:citerefentry-1/> as level ERR "
+"on facility AUTH."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:60
+msgid "create a new user or update default new user information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:72 useradd.8.xml.out:76 useradd.8.xml.out:86
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:169 useradd.8.xml.out:583 useradd.8.xml.out:585
+msgid "-D"
+msgstr "-D"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:85
+msgid ""
+"When invoked without the <_:option-1/> option, the <_:command-2/> command "
+"creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line "
+"plus the default values from the system. Depending on command line options, "
+"the <_:command-3/> command will update system files and may also create the "
+"new user's home directory and copy initial files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:94
+msgid ""
+"By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see <_:option-1/"
+">, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, and <_:option-4/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:592
+msgid "--base-dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:124 useradd.8.xml.out:159
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:592 useradd.8.xml.out:598
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgid "BASE_DIR"
+msgstr "MAIL_DIR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:123 useradd.8.xml.out:151 useradd.8.xml.out:156
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:161 usermod.8.xml.out:112
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgid "HOME_DIR"
+msgstr "MAIL_DIR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:121
+msgid ""
+"The default base directory for the system if <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/"
+"> is not specified. <_:replaceable-3/> is concatenated with the account name "
+"to define the home directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:131 useradd.8.xml.out:603
+msgid "HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:189 useradd.8.xml.out:212
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:250 useradd.8.xml.out:293 useradd.8.xml.out:343
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:393 useradd.8.xml.out:523 useradd.8.xml.out:604
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:616 useradd.8.xml.out:633 useradd.8.xml.out:649
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:663 useradd.8.xml.out:677 useradd.8.xml.out:767
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:419
+msgid "/etc/default/useradd"
+msgstr "/etc/default/useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "home_ph"
+msgid "/home"
+msgstr "home_ph"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:128
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the base directory "
+"specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or <_:filename-4/"
+"> by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "--comment"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "COMMENT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:142
+msgid ""
+"Any text string. It is generally a short description of the account, and is "
+"currently used as the field for the user's full name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "--home-dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:154
+msgid ""
+"The new user will be created using <_:replaceable-1/> as the value for the "
+"user's login directory. The default is to append the <_:replaceable-2/> name "
+"to <_:replaceable-3/> and use that as the login directory name. If the "
+"directory <_:replaceable-4/> does not exist, then it will be created unless "
+"the <_:option-5/> option is specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:169
+msgid "--defaults"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "See below, the subsection \"Changing the default values\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:184 usermod.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "YYYY-MM-DD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:182
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is "
+#| "specified in the format <emphasis remap=\"I\">YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified "
+"in the format <_:emphasis-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Data, od której konto danego użytkownika zostanie wyłączone. Data podawana "
+"jest w formacie <emphasis remap=\"I\">MM/DD/RR</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:188 useradd.8.xml.out:615 usermod.8.xml.out:418
+msgid "EXPIRE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:186
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the default expiry date specified "
+"by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or an empty string (no "
+"expiry) by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:199
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where "
+"the user is expected to replace this password. The value is stored in the "
+"shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no "
+"delay. An input of -1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password "
+"file. See <_:citerefentry-1/>for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:208
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the default inactivity period "
+"specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or -1 by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:218 useradd.8.xml.out:482
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-F"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:218
+msgid "--add-subids-for-system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:221
+msgid ""
+"Update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> even when creating a system "
+"account with <_:option-3/> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:233
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The group name or number of the user's new initial login group. The group "
+#| "name must exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group. "
+#| "The default group number is 1."
+msgid ""
+"The name or the number of the user's primary group. The group name must "
+"exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group."
+msgstr ""
+"Nazwa lub numer początkowej grupy logowania użytkownika. Nazwa grupy musi "
+"istnieć. Numer grupy musi odnosić się do już istniejącej grupy. Domyślnym "
+"numerem grupy jest 1."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "-U/--user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:247
+msgid "-N/--no-user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:238
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, the behavior of <_:command-1/> will depend on the <_:"
+"option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>. If this variable is set to <_:"
+"replaceable-4/> (or <_:option-5/> is specified on the command line), a group "
+"will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname. If the "
+"variable is set to <_:replaceable-6/> (or <_:option-7/> is specified on the "
+"command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the "
+"value specified by the <_:option-8/> variable in <_:filename-9/>, or 1000 by "
+"default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:83 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:322
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-G"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "--groups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "GROUP1"
+msgstr "GRUPA"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid ",GROUP2,..."
+msgstr "GRUPA"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid ",GROUPN"
+msgstr "GRUPA"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:256 usermod.8.xml.out:198
+msgid ""
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>[<_:emphasis-4/>[<_:"
+"emphasis-5/>]]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:260
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+"group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. "
+"The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the "
+"<_:option-1/> option. The default is for the user to belong only to the "
+"initial group."
+msgstr ""
+"Lista dodatkowych grup, do których również należy użytkownik. Każda grupa "
+"oddzielona jest od następnej przecinkiem, bez wtrąconej spacji. Do grup "
+"odnoszą się te same ograniczenia, które obowiązują przy grupie podanej w "
+"opcji <option>-g</option>.   Jeżeli użytkownik jest obecnie członkiem grupy, "
+"której nie podano na liście, to zostanie z niej usunięty."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+msgid "--skel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgid "SKEL_DIR"
+msgstr "MAIL_DIR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:281
+msgid ""
+"The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in "
+"the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by <_:"
+"command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:288 useradd.8.xml.out:350
+msgid "--create-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:286
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid if the <_:option-1/> (or <_:option-2/>) option is "
+"specified."
+msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:292
+msgid "SKEL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:294
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/skel/"
+msgid "/etc/skel"
+msgstr "/etc/skel/"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:290
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the <_:"
+"option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/> or, by default, <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "If possible, the ACLs and extended attributes are copied."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:306
+msgid ""
+"Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (<_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:"
+"option-4/>, <_:option-5/> and others)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:312
+msgid ""
+"Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> can be used "
+"when creating an account to turn off password aging. Multiple <_:option-4/> "
+"options can be specified, e.g.: <_:option-5/> <_:replaceable-6/> =<_:"
+"replaceable-7/> <_:option-8/> <_:replaceable-9/>=<_:replaceable-10/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330
+msgid "--no-log-init"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:332
+msgid "Do not add the user to the lastlog and faillog databases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:335
+msgid ""
+"By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are "
+"reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:342
+msgid "LOG_INIT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:340
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will also consult the "
+"variable <_:option-2/> in the <_:filename-3/> if set to no the user will not "
+"be added to the lastlog and faillog databases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:353
+msgid ""
+"Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and "
+"directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with "
+"the <_:option-1/> option) will be copied to the home directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:361 useradd.8.xml.out:379 useradd.8.xml.out:475
+msgid "CREATE_HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:359
+msgid ""
+"By default, if this option is not specified and <_:option-1/> is not "
+"enabled, no home directories are created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:364
+msgid ""
+"The directory where the user's home directory is created must exist and have "
+"proper SELinux context and permissions. Otherwise the user's home directory "
+"cannot be created or accessed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:373
+msgid "--no-create-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:376
+msgid ""
+"Do not create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting "
+"from <_:filename-1/> (<_:option-2/>) is set to <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:386
+msgid "--no-user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:389
+msgid ""
+"Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to "
+"the group specified by the <_:option-1/> option or by the <_:option-2/> "
+"variable in <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:408
+msgid "allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:412 usermod.8.xml.out:277
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> option. As a "
+"user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and "
+"permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system's "
+"behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account "
+"of the given UID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:428
+msgid ""
+"defines an initial password for the account. PASSWORD is expected to be "
+"encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>. Within a shell script, this "
+"option allows to create efficiently batches of users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:435
+msgid ""
+"Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password "
+"defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of <_:"
+"filename-1/>. This is a state where the user won't be able to access the "
+"account or to define a password himself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:443
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/>Avoid this option on the command line because the password "
+"(or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:471
+msgid ""
+"Note that <_:command-1/> will not create a home directory for such a user, "
+"regardless of the default setting in <_:filename-2/> (<_:option-3/>). You "
+"have to specify the <_:option-4/> options if you want a home directory for a "
+"system account to be created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:479
+msgid ""
+"Note that this option will not update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>. "
+"You have to specify the <_:option-3/> options if you want to update the "
+"files for a system account to be created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:520
+msgid ""
+"sets the path to the user's login shell. Without this option, the system "
+"will use the <_:option-1/> variable specified in <_:filename-2/>, or, if "
+"that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in <_:filename-3/> "
+"remains empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+msgid "--uid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GID"
+msgid "UID"
+msgstr "GID"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:534
+msgid ""
+"The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless the "
+"<_:option-1/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The default is "
+"to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-2/> and "
+"greater than every other user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:549
+msgid "--user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:552
+msgid ""
+"Create a group with the same name as the user, and add the user to this "
+"group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 userdel.8.xml.out:153 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-Z"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 userdel.8.xml.out:153 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "--selinux-user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "SEUSER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:573
+msgid "semanage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:569
+msgid ""
+"defines the SELinux user for the new account. Without this option, a SELinux "
+"uses the default user. Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-"
+"user, it uses <_:citerefentry-1/> for that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:581
+msgid "Changing the default values"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:582
+msgid ""
+"When invoked with only the <_:option-1/> option, <_:command-2/> will display "
+"the current default values. When invoked with <_:option-3/> plus other "
+"options, <_:command-4/> will update the default values for the specified "
+"options. Valid default-changing options are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:595
+msgid ""
+"sets the path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will "
+"be affixed to the end of <_:replaceable-1/> to form the new user's home "
+"directory name, if the <_:option-2/> option is not used when creating a new "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:602 useradd.8.xml.out:614 useradd.8.xml.out:631
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:647 useradd.8.xml.out:661
+msgid "This option sets the <_:option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:613
+msgid "sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:625
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where "
+"the user is expected to replace this password. See <_:citerefentry-1/>for "
+"more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:642
+msgid ""
+"sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group "
+"names or a numerical group ID. The named group must exist, and the GID must "
+"have an existing entry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:658
+msgid "defines the default login shell for new users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:673
+msgid "NOTES"
+msgstr "UWAGI"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:675 useradd.8.xml.out:779
+msgid "/etc/skel/"
+msgstr "/etc/skel/"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:674
+msgid ""
+"The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files "
+"in the <_:filename-1/> directory (or any other skeleton directory specified "
+"in <_:filename-2/> or on the command line)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:683
+msgid ""
+"You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:688
+msgid ""
+"Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such "
+"as NIS or LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the user account creation request."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:702
+msgid "ls"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:694
+msgid ""
+"Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, "
+"underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not "
+"allowed at the beginning of the username. Fully numeric usernames and "
+"usernames . or .. are also disallowed. It is not recommended to use "
+"usernames beginning with . character as their home directories will be "
+"hidden in the <_:command-1/> output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:704
+msgid "Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:769
+msgid "Default values for account creation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/default/useradd"
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-pre.d/*"
+msgstr "/etc/default/useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-post.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773 userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "<_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775 userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "OPTIONS"
+msgid "ACTION"
+msgstr "OPCJE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775 userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "SUBJECT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "useradd"
+msgid "useradd-pre.d"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "useradd"
+msgid "useradd-post.d"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid ""
+"Run-part files to execute during user addition. The environment variable <_:"
+"command-1/> will be populated with useradd and <_:command-2/> with the <_:"
+"command-3/>. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user addition. <_:"
+"filename-5/> will execute after user addition. If a script exits non-zero "
+"then execution will terminate."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:781
+msgid "Directory containing default files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:819 userdel.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "can't update password file"
+msgstr "nie można zaktualizować pliku z hasłami"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:837
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "UID already in use (and no <option>-o</option>)"
+msgid "UID already in use (and no <_:option-1/>)"
+msgstr "UID juz jest używany (i nie uzyto opcji <option>-o</option>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:849
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "username or group name already in use"
+msgstr "nazwa grupy już jest w użyciu"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:861
+msgid "can't create home directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:865
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "1"
+msgid "14"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:867
+msgid "can't update SELinux user mapping"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:876 usermod.8.xml.out:603
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:phrase-10/> "
+"<_:citerefentry-11/>, <_:citerefentry-12/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:47
+msgid "delete a user account and related files"
+msgstr "plik chroniony informacji o użytkownikach"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all "
+"entries that refer to the user name <_:emphasis-2/>. The named user must "
+"exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Polecenie <command>usermod</command> zmienia systemowe pliki kont, "
+"odzwierciedlając zmiany podane w wierszu poleceń."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:79
+msgid ""
+"This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is "
+"still logged in. It also forces <_:command-1/> to remove the user's home "
+"directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory "
+"or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user. If <_:option-2/> is "
+"defined to <_:emphasis-3/> in <_:filename-4/> and if a group exists with the "
+"same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it "
+"is still the primary group of another user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:92
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an "
+"inconsistent state."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:106 usermod.8.xml.out:317
+msgid "--remove"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:109
+msgid ""
+"Files in the user's home directory will be removed along with the home "
+"directory itself and the user's mail spool. Files located in other file "
+"systems will have to be searched for and deleted manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:115
+msgid ""
+"The mail spool is defined by the <_:option-1/> variable in the <_:filename-2/"
+"> file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:156
+msgid "Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user's login."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-pre.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-post.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "userdel"
+msgid "userdel-pre.d"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "userdel"
+msgid "userdel-post.d"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid ""
+"Run-part files to execute during user deletion. The environment variable <_:"
+"command-1/> will be populated with <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/> with "
+"the username. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user deletion. "
+"<_:filename-5/> will execute after user deletion. If a script exits non-zero "
+"then execution will terminate."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:255
+msgid "specified user doesn't exist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:261
+msgid "user currently logged in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:273
+msgid "can't remove home directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:282
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will not allow you to remove an account if there are running "
+"processes which belong to this account. In that case, you may have to kill "
+"those processes or lock the user's password or account and remove the "
+"account later. The <_:option-2/> option can force the deletion of this "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:289
+msgid ""
+"You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain "
+"owned by this user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:293
+msgid ""
+"You may not remove any NIS attributes on a NIS client. This must be "
+"performed on the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:296
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is defined to <_:emphasis-2/> in <_:filename-3/>, <_:"
+"command-4/> will delete the group with the same name as the user. To avoid "
+"inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, <_:command-5/> will check "
+"that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will "
+"just warn without deleting the group otherwise. The <_:option-6/> option can "
+"force the deletion of this group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:309
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:phrase-9/> <_:citerefentry-10/>, "
+"<_:citerefentry-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:48
+msgid "modify a user account"
+msgstr "zmiana danych konta użytkownika"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:63
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:81
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the user to the supplemental group(s). Use only with <option>-G</"
+#| "option> option."
+msgid ""
+"Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:option-1/> "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"Dodaj użytkownika do dodatkowej grupy lub grup. Może być użyte tylko z opcją "
+"<option>-G</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:102
+msgid ""
+"update the comment field of the user in <_:filename-1/>, which is normally "
+"modified using the <_:citerefentry-2/> utility."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:112 usermod.8.xml.out:260
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "home_ph"
+msgid "--home"
+msgstr "home_ph"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "The user's new login directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:118
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The user's new login directory. If the <option>-m</option> option is "
+#| "given the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new "
+#| "home directory, which is created if it does not already exist."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:option-1/> option is given, the contents of the current home "
+"directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it "
+"does not already exist. If the current home directory does not exist the new "
+"home directory will not be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Nowy katalog domowy użytkownika. Jeżeli podano opcję <option>-m</option>, to "
+"zawartość aktualnego katalogu domowego zostanie przesunięta do nowego "
+"katalogu. Nowy katalog domowy jest tworzony jeśli nie istnieje."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:132
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is "
+#| "specified in the format <emphasis remap=\"I\">YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified "
+"in the format <_:emphasis-1/>. Integers as input are interpreted as days "
+"after 1970-01-01."
+msgstr ""
+"Data, od której konto danego użytkownika zostanie wyłączone. Data podawana "
+"jest w formacie <emphasis remap=\"I\">MM/DD/RR</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"An input of -1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in "
+"the shadow password file. The account will remain available with no date "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:143 usermod.8.xml.out:165
+msgid ""
+"This option requires a <_:filename-1/> file. A <_:filename-2/> entry will be "
+"created if there were none."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:155
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age "
+"during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password. "
+"This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the "
+"shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no "
+"delay. An input of -1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password "
+"file. See <_:citerefentry-1/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:177
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The group name or number of the user's new initial login group. The group "
+#| "name must exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group. "
+#| "The default group number is 1."
+msgid ""
+"The name or numerical ID of the user's new primary group. The group must "
+"exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Nazwa lub numer początkowej grupy logowania użytkownika. Nazwa grupy musi "
+"istnieć. Numer grupy musi odnosić się do już istniejącej grupy. Domyślnym "
+"numerem grupy jest 1."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:181
+msgid ""
+"Any file from the user's home directory owned by the previous primary group "
+"of the user will be owned by this new group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:185
+msgid ""
+"The group ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be "
+"fixed manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:193 usermod.8.xml.out:393
+msgid "/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:189
+msgid ""
+"The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user's home "
+"directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the "
+"current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home "
+"directories such as <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:202
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+"group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. "
+"The groups must exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Lista dodatkowych grup, do których również należy użytkownik. Każda grupa "
+"oddzielona jest od następnej przecinkiem, bez wtrąconej spacji. Do grup "
+"odnoszą się te same ograniczenia, które obowiązują przy grupie podanej w "
+"opcji <option>-g</option>.   Jeżeli użytkownik jest obecnie członkiem grupy, "
+"której nie podano na liście, to zostanie z niej usunięty."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:207
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user "
+"will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the <_:"
+"option-1/> option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group "
+"list."
+msgstr ""
+"Lista dodatkowych grup, do których również należy użytkownik. Każda grupa "
+"oddzielona jest od następnej przecinkiem, bez wtrąconej spacji. Do grup "
+"odnoszą się te same ograniczenia, które obowiązują przy grupie podanej w "
+"opcji <option>-g</option>.   Jeżeli użytkownik jest obecnie członkiem grupy, "
+"której nie podano na liście, to zostanie z niej usunięty."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217 usermod.8.xml.out:223
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "LOGIN"
+msgid "NEW_LOGIN"
+msgstr "LOGIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:220
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"The name of the user will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>. Nothing else is changed. In particular, the user's home "
+"directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the "
+"new login name."
+msgstr ""
+"Nazwa użytkownika zostanie zmieniona z <emphasis remap=\"I\">LOGIN</"
+"emphasis> na <emphasis remap=\"I\">NOWY_LOGIN</emphasis>. Nic więcej nie "
+"jest zmieniane. W szczególności, prawdopodobnie powinna zostać zmieniona "
+"nazwa katalogu domowego użytkownika, tak by odzwierciedlała nową nazwę "
+"użytkownika."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:231 usermod.8.xml.out:411
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-L"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:234
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted "
+#| "password, effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option "
+#| "with <option>-p</option> or <option>-U</option>."
+msgid ""
+"Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password, "
+"effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with <_:"
+"option-1/> or <_:option-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Zablokuj hasło użytkownika. Opcja ta powoduje wstawienie ’!’ na początku "
+"zakodowanego hasła. Opcji tej nie można używać z opcjami <option>-p</option> "
+"or <option>-U</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:240
+msgid ""
+"Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you "
+"should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:250
+msgid "--move-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:253
+msgid ""
+"moves the content of the user's home directory to the new location. If the "
+"current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be "
+"created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:258
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> (or <_:"
+"option-2/>) option."
+msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:262
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the "
+"modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed "
+"afterwards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:274
+msgid "allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:293
+msgid ""
+"defines a new password for the user. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, "
+"as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:298
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> Avoid this option on the command line because the password "
+"(or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:303
+msgid ""
+"The password will be written in the local <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/> "
+"file. This might differ from the password database configured in your PAM "
+"configuration."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the user to the supplemental group(s). Use only with <option>-G</"
+#| "option> option."
+msgid ""
+"Remove the user from named supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:"
+"option-1/> option."
+msgstr ""
+"Dodaj użytkownika do dodatkowej grupy lub grup. Może być użyte tylko z opcją "
+"<option>-G</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:344
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes within the directory tree starting with <_:replaceable-1/> and "
+"use as well the configuration files located there. This option does not "
+"chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some "
+"limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication "
+"is using the host files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:360
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank "
+#| "causes the system to select the default login shell."
+msgid ""
+"changes the user's login shell. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field "
+"in <_:filename-1/> and logs the user into the system's default shell."
+msgstr ""
+"Nazwa nowej powłoki (shell) użytkownika. Ustawienie tego pola na puste "
+"powoduje, że system wybierze domyślną powłokę logowania."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:372
+msgid "The new value of the user's ID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:375
+msgid ""
+"This value must be unique, unless the <_:option-1/> option is used. The "
+"value must be non-negative."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:380
+msgid ""
+"The user's mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are located "
+"in the user's home directory will have the file user ID changed "
+"automatically."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:385
+msgid ""
+"The ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be fixed "
+"manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:389
+msgid ""
+"The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user's home "
+"directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the "
+"current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home "
+"directories such as <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:408
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted "
+#| "password. You can't use this option with <option>-p</option> or <option>-"
+#| "L</option>."
+msgid ""
+"Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted "
+"password. You can't use this option with <_:option-1/> or <_:option-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Odblokowuje hasło użytkownika. Opcja ta powoduje usuniecie ’!’ z początku "
+"zakodowanego hasła. Opcji tej nie można używać z opcjami <option>-p</option> "
+"lub <option>-L</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:417
+msgid "99999"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:413
+msgid ""
+"Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), "
+"you should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> (for example to <_:replaceable-2/"
+">, or to the <_:option-3/> value from <_:filename-4/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-v"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "--add-subuids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "FIRST"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "LAST"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:424 usermod.8.xml.out:442 usermod.8.xml.out:462
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:480
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>-<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:428
+msgid "Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:431 usermod.8.xml.out:469
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:436 usermod.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "SUB_UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:436 usermod.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "SUB_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:437 usermod.8.xml.out:457
+msgid "SUB_UID_COUNT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:434 usermod.8.xml.out:454 usermod.8.xml.out:472
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:492
+msgid ""
+"No checks will be performed with regard to <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or "
+"<_:option-3/> from /etc/login.defs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-V"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "--del-subuids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:446
+msgid "Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:449
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the "
+"removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid "
+"range is added."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:463 usermod.8.xml.out:489
+msgid "--add-subgids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:466
+msgid "Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:474 usermod.8.xml.out:494
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+msgid "SUB_GID_MIN"
+msgstr "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:474 usermod.8.xml.out:494
+msgid "SUB_GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:475 usermod.8.xml.out:495
+msgid "SUB_GID_COUNT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481 usermod.8.xml.out:489
+msgid "--del-subgids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:484
+msgid "Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:487
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the "
+"removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid "
+"range is added."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:504
+msgid ""
+"defines the SELinux user to be mapped with <_:replaceable-1/>. An empty "
+"string (\"\") will remove the respective entry (if any). Note that the "
+"shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses semanage(8) for that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:518
+msgid ""
+"You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes "
+"when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the "
+"user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. <_:command-1/> "
+"checks this on Linux. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check "
+"if the user is logged in."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:527
+msgid "crontab"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:528
+msgid "at"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:526
+msgid ""
+"You must change the owner of any <_:command-1/> files or <_:command-2/> jobs "
+"manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:530
+msgid "You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:559
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Group account information."
+msgid "Group account information"
+msgstr "Informacje o grupach użytkowników."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:565
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Secure group account information."
+msgid "Secure group account informatio."
+msgstr "Informacje chronione o grupach użytkowników."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:571
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Shadow password suite configuration."
+msgid "Shadow password suite configuration"
+msgstr "Konfiguracja pakietu shadow."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:577
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "User account information."
+msgid "User account information"
+msgstr "Informacja o kontach użytkowników."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:583
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Secure user account information."
+msgid "Secure user account information"
+msgstr "Informacje chronione o użytkownikach."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:589
+msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:595
+msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:43 vipw.8.xml.out:57 vipw.8.xml.out:67 vipw.8.xml.out:86
+msgid "vigr"
+msgstr "vigr"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:44
+msgid "edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file"
+msgstr "edytuj plik haseł, grup lub ich wersji chronionych"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "$VISUAL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "$EDITOR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:77 vipw.8.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "vipw"
+msgid "vi"
+msgstr "vipw"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:66
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</command> commands edits "
+#| "the files <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>, respectively. With the <option>-s</option> flag, they will "
+#| "edit the shadow versions of those files, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> "
+#| "and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, respectively. The programs will "
+#| "set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption. When looking for an "
+#| "editor, the programs will first try the environment variable "
+#| "<envar>$VISUAL</envar>, then the environment variable <envar>$EDITOR</"
+#| "envar>, and finally the default editor, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands edits the files <_:filename-3/"
+"> and <_:filename-4/>, respectively. With the <_:option-5/> flag, they will "
+"edit the shadow versions of those files, <_:filename-6/> and <_:filename-7/"
+">, respectively. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file "
+"corruption. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the "
+"environment variable <_:envar-8/>, then the environment variable <_:envar-9/"
+">, and finally the default editor, <_:citerefentry-10/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Polecenia <command>vipw</command> i <command>vigr</command> umożliwiają "
+"modyfikację plików odpowiednio <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> i <filename>/"
+"etc/group</filename>. Przy zastosowaniu flagi <option>-s</option> modyfikują "
+"także dodatkowe wersje chronione tych plików - odpowiednio <filename>/etc/"
+"shadow</filename> i <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>. Dla ochrony przed "
+"uszkodzeniem w trakcie modyfikacji tych plików programy te ustawiają "
+"odpowiednie blokady. Szukając edytora programy te używają w pierwszej "
+"kolejności zmiennej środowiska <envar>$VISUAL</envar>, a następnie "
+"<envar>$EDITOR</envar>, a na końcu a na końcu domyślnego edytora "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:84
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The options which apply to the <command>passwd</command> command are:"
+msgid ""
+"The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands "
+"are:"
+msgstr "Polecenie <command>passwd</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "Edit group database."
+msgstr "Edycja bazy grup."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:102
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "--passwd"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "Edit passwd database."
+msgstr "Edycja bazy passwd."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "gshadow"
+msgid "--shadow"
+msgstr "gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "Edit shadow or gshadow database."
+msgstr "Edycja bazy shadow lub gshadow."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "Indicates which user's tcb shadow file to edit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:154
+msgid "ENVIRONMENT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:157 vipw.8.xml.out:165
+msgid "VISUAL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:159
+msgid "Editor to be used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:163
+msgid "EDITOR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:165
+msgid "Editor to be used if <_:option-1/> is not set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:220
+msgid "tcb"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:203
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/> <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>KAT_DOMOWY</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>USE_TCB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> password shadowing "
+#~ "scheme will be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nowa wartość pola komentarza dla danego użytkownika w pliku haseł. Zwykle "
+#~ "jest zmieniana przy pomocy polecenia <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>usermod</command> command modifies the system account files "
+#~ "to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Polecenie <command>usermod</command> zmienia systemowe pliki kont, "
+#~ "odzwierciedlając zmiany podane w wierszu poleceń."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>usermod</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Polecenie <command>usermod</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMENT</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>KOMENTARZ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally "
+#~ "modified using the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utility."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nowa wartość pola komentarza dla danego użytkownika w pliku haseł. Zwykle "
+#~ "jest zmieniana przy pomocy polecenia <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~| "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>KAT_DOMOWY</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>DATA_WAŻN</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NIEAKTYWNE</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The number of days after a password expires until the account is "
+#~| "permanently disabled. A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the "
+#~| "password has expired, and a value of -1 disables the feature. The "
+#~| "default value is -1."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the password has expired, "
+#~ "and a value of -1 disables the feature."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Liczba dni po wygaśnięciu hasła do stałego wyłączenia konta. Wartość 0 "
+#~ "wyłącza konto natychmiast po przeterminowaniu hasła, zaś wartość -1 "
+#~ "wyłącza tę cechę. Domyślną wartością jest -1."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GRUPA</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP1</"
+#~ "replaceable>[<emphasis remap=\"I\">,GROUP2,...</emphasis>[<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">,GROUPN</emphasis>]]]"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GRUPA1</"
+#~ "replaceable>[<emphasis remap=\"I\">,GRUPA2,...</emphasis>[<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">,GRUPAN</emphasis>]]]"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NOWY_LOGIN</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--move-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-d</option> (or "
+#~ "<option>--home</option>) option."
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>PASSWORD</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HASŁO</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-v</option>, <option>--add-subuids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KLUCZ</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>WARTOŚĆ</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-V</option>, <option>--del-subuids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KLUCZ</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>WARTOŚĆ</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--add-subgids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KLUCZ</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>WARTOŚĆ</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--del-subgids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KLUCZ</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>WARTOŚĆ</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "A blank <replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable> will remove the SELinux user "
+#~ "mapping for user <replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> (if any)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nazwa grupy zostanie zmieniona z <replaceable>GRUPA</replaceable> na "
+#~ "nazwę <replaceable>NOWA_GRUPA</replaceable>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_DIR</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MIN (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MIN (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "UID_MIN (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "UID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "UID_MIN (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>TCB_SYMLINKS</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>userdel</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Polecenie <command>userdel</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>USERDEL_CMD</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "USERDEL_CMD (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>userdel</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Polecenie <command>userdel</command> kończy działanie z następującymi "
+#~ "wartościami kodów zakończenia: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>useradd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Polecenie <command>useradd</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--base-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--base-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>KAT_BAZOWY</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>KAT_DOMOWY</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-D</option>, <option>--defaults</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The number of days after a password expires until the account is "
+#~| "permanently disabled. A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the "
+#~| "password has expired, and a value of -1 disables the feature. The "
+#~| "default value is -1."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days after a password expires until the account is "
+#~ "permanently disabled. A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the "
+#~ "password has expired, and a value of -1 disables the feature."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Liczba dni po wygaśnięciu hasła do stałego wyłączenia konta. Wartość 0 "
+#~ "wyłącza konto natychmiast po przeterminowaniu hasła, zaś wartość -1 "
+#~ "wyłącza tę cechę. Domyślną wartością jest -1."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-k</option>, <option>--skel</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SKEL_DIR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KLUCZ</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>WARTOŚĆ</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--no-log-init</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-M</option>, <option>--no-create-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-N</option>, <option>--no-user-group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The encrypted password, as returned by "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>. The default is to disable the password."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nowa wartość pola komentarza dla danego użytkownika w pliku haseł. Zwykle "
+#~ "jest zmieniana przy pomocy polecenia <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--system</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-U</option>, <option>--user-group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank "
+#~| "causes the system to select the default login shell."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The SELinux user for the user's login. The default is to leave this field "
+#~ "blank, which causes the system to select the default SELinux user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nazwa nowej powłoki (shell) użytkownika. Ustawienie tego pola na puste "
+#~ "powoduje, że system wybierze domyślną powłokę logowania."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>CREATE_HOME</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MIN (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "PASS_MAX_DAYS (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "PASS_MIN_DAYS (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "PASS_WARN_AGE (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MIN (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "UID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "UID_MIN (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>TCB_AUTH_GROUP</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, newly created tcb shadow files will be "
+#~ "group owned by the <replaceable>auth</replaceable> group."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nazwa grupy zostanie zmieniona z <replaceable>GRUPA</replaceable> na "
+#~ "nazwę <replaceable>NOWA_GRUPA</replaceable>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "UID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "UID_MIN (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>UMASK</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "UMASK (number)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>useradd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Polecenie <command>useradd</command> kończy działanie z następującymi "
+#~ "wartościami kodów zakończenia: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--command</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--command</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>POLECENIE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>-p</option>, <option>--preserve-environment</"
+#~ "option>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>-p</option>, <option>--preserve-environment</"
+#~ "option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>CONSOLE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>CONSOLE_GROUPS</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>DEFAULT_HOME</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_HZ</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_PATH</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_TZ</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_STRING</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SULOG_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SU_NAME</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SU_WHEEL_ONLY</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SYSLOG_SU_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SYSLOG_SG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The options which apply to the <command>vipw</command> and "
+#~| "<command>vigr</command> commands are:"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>pwconv</command>, "
+#~ "<command>pwunconv</command>, <command>grpconv</command>, and "
+#~ "<command>grpunconv</command> commands are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Polecenia <command>vipw</command> i <command>vigr</command> posiadają "
+#~ "następujące opcje:Polecenia <command>vipw</command> i <command>vigr</"
+#~ "command> posiadają następujące opcje:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase condition=\"tcb\">, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_convert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_unconvert</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>pwck</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Polecenie <command>pwck</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--read-only</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sort</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NIEAKTYWNE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~| "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DNI</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--repository</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--repository</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>REPOZYTORIUM</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-S</option>, <option>--status</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-S</option>, <option>--status</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>DNI_OSTRZ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-x</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-x</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DNI</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "It can take one of these values: <replaceable>DES</replaceable> "
+#~ "(default), <replaceable>MD5</replaceable><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"sha_crypt\">, <replaceable>SHA256</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>SHA512</replaceable></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KLUCZ</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>WARTOŚĆ</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_ALWAYS_WARN</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_CHANGE_TRIES</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "PASS_WARN_AGE (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "PASS_MAX_DAYS (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MIN_LEN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "PASS_MIN_DAYS (numer)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>passwd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Polecenie <command>passwd</command> kończy działanie z następującymi "
+#~ "wartościami kodów zakończenia: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The options which apply to the <command>usermod</command> command are:"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>newusers</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Polecenie <command>usermod</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>CHFN_RESTRICT</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>CHSH_AUTH</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>ERASECHAR</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "UMASK (number)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Terminal ERASE character (<replaceable>010</replaceable> = backspace, "
+#~ "<replaceable>0177</replaceable> = DEL)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nazwa grupy zostanie zmieniona z <replaceable>GRUPA</replaceable> na "
+#~ "nazwę <replaceable>NOWA_GRUPA</replaceable>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>FAIL_DELAY</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "PASS_MIN_DAYS (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>FAILLOG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>FAKE_SHELL</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>FTMP_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>HUSHLOGIN_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>ISSUE_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>KILLCHAR</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>LASTLOG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>LOG_OK_LOGINS</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_RETRIES</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MIN (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_TIMEOUT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>MOTD_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>NOLOGINS_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYGROUP</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYPERM</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "USERDEL_CMD (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYTYPE_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>ULIMIT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "UID_MIN (numer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE UMASK"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">USE_TCB</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE UMASK"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>securetty</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>securetty</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>lastlog</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Polecenie <command>lastlog</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DNI</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-C</option>, <option>--clear</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-S</option>, <option>--set</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DNI</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KLUCZ</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>WARTOŚĆ</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "The options which apply to the <command>pwck</command> command are:"
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>grpck</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Polecenie <command>pwck</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>grpck</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Polecenie <command>grpckl</command> kończy działanie z następującymi "
+#~ "wartościami kodów zakończenia: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>, </citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getuid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getuid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupmod</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Polecenie <command>groupmod</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--new-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NEW_GROUP</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NOWA_GRUPA</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupmod</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Polecenie <command>groupmod</command> kończy działanie z następującymi "
+#~ "wartościami kodów zakończenia: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupmems</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Polecenie <command>groupmems</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user_name</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>user_name</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DNI</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>group_name</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-p</option>, <option>--purge</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The options which apply to the <command>groupmod</command> command are:"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupdel</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Polecenie <command>groupmod</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupdel</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Polecenie <command>groupdel</command> kończy działanie z następującymi "
+#~ "wartościami kodów zakończenia: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupadd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Polecenie <command>groupadd</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "See also the <option>-r</option> option and the <option>GID_MAX</option> "
+#~ "description."
+#~ msgstr "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Example: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KLUCZ</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>WARTOŚĆ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupadd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Polecenie <command>groupadd</command> kończy działanie z następującymi "
+#~ "wartościami kodów zakończenia: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>gpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Polecenie <command>passwd</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DNI</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-Q</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>KAT_DOMOWY</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove-password</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-R</option>, <option>--restrict</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~| "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-A</option>, <option>--administrators</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>user</replaceable>,..."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DNI</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--members</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>,..."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DNI</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>faillog</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Polecenie <command>faillog</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SEC</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-secs</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SEC</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SEK</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>faillog</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>faillog</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "The options which apply to the <command>pwck</command> command are:"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>expiry</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Polecenie <command>pwck</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-c</option>, <option>--check</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chsh</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Polecenie <command>chsh</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">user_name</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">password</emphasis>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">nazwa_użytkownika</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">hasło</emphasis>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>chpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Polecenie <command>chpasswd</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~| "<replaceable>COMMENT</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>METHOD</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>KOMENTARZ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~| "<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ROUNDS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>DNI_OSTRZ</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">group_name</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">password</emphasis>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">nazwa_grupy</emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">hasło</"
+#~ "emphasis>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>chgpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Polecenie <command>chgpasswd</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chsh</command> command are:"
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chfn</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Polecenie <command>chsh</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--full-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FULL_NAME</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-h</option>, <option>--home-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_PHONE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>KAT_DOMOWY</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>OTHER</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>KAT_DOMOWY</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--room</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ROOM_NUMBER</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>KAT_DOMOWY</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--work-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WORK_PHONE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>KAT_DOMOWY</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chage</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Polecenie <command>chage</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--lastday</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>LAST_DAY</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--lastday</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>OSTATNI</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-E</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-E</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>DATA_WAŻN</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-I</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-I</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NIEAKTYWNE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DNI</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DNI</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>DNI_OSTRZ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>chage</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Polecenie <command>chage</command> kończy działanie z następującymi "
+#~ "wartościami kodów zakończenia: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "translator-credits"
+#~ msgstr "Tomasz Kłoczko <kloczek@pld.org.pl>, 2006"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank "
+#~| "causes the system to select the default login shell."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The SELinux user for the user's login. The default is to leave this field "
+#~ "the blank, which causes the system to select the default SELinux user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nazwa nowej powłoki (shell) użytkownika. Ustawienie tego pola na puste "
+#~ "powoduje, że system wybierze domyślną powłokę logowania."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "new_users"
+#~ msgstr "new_users"
+
+#~ msgid "-f <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-f <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "-w <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-w <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "-o <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-o <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "Supplied passwords are in encrypted form."
+#~ msgid "The supplied passwords must be in clear-text."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Dostarczone na standardowe wejście hasła są traktowane jako już "
+#~ "zakodowane."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<command>usermod</command> will not allow you to change the name of a "
+#~| "user who is logged in. You must make certain that the named user is not "
+#~| "executing any processes when this command is being executed if the "
+#~| "user's numerical user ID is being changed. You must change the owner of "
+#~| "any <command>crontab</command> files manually. You must change the owner "
+#~| "of any <command>at</command> jobs manually. You must make any changes "
+#~| "involving NIS on the NIS server."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<command>usermod</command> will not allow you to change the name of an "
+#~ "user who is logged in. You must make certain that the named user is not "
+#~ "executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user's "
+#~ "numerical user ID is being changed. You must change the owner of any "
+#~ "<command>crontab</command> files manually. You must change the owner of "
+#~ "any <command>at</command> jobs manually. You must make any changes "
+#~ "involving NIS on the NIS server."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Polecenie <command>usermod</command> nie pozwola na zmianę nazwy "
+#~ "zalogowanego użytkownika. Jeśli zmieniany jest numeryczny identyfikator "
+#~ "użytkownika procesu to musisz się upewnić, że w trakcie wykonywania tego "
+#~ "polecenia użytkownik nie wykonuje żadnego procesu. Właśniciela plików "
+#~ "<command>crontab</command> musisz zmienić ręcznie. Właśniciela zadań "
+#~ "<command>at</command> musisz zmienić ręcznie. Jakiekolwiek zmiany "
+#~ "dotyczące NIS musisz wykonać na serwerze NIS."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The group name or number of the user's new initial login group. The group "
+#~ "name must exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group. "
+#~ "The default group number is 1."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nazwa lub numer początkowej grupy logowania użytkownika. Nazwa grupy musi "
+#~ "istnieć. Numer grupy musi odnosić się do już istniejącej grupy. Domyślnym "
+#~ "numerem grupy jest 1."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "-K <placeholder-1/>=<placeholder-2/>"
+#~ msgstr "-K <placeholder-1/>=<placeholder-2/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>-M</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</replaceable>,..."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "An4wtbt"
+#~ msgstr "An4wtbt"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <option>-t</option> flag overrides the use of <option>-u</option>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Opcja <option>-t</option> przesłania użycie opcji <option>-u</option>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "MAIL_DIR USERDEL_CMD"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR USERDEL_CMD"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "-R <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-R <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "-A <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-A <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "-M <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-M <placeholder-1/>"
diff --git a/man/po/ru.po b/man/po/ru.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9bb37e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/po/ru.po
@@ -0,0 +1,17540 @@
+# translation of shadow_1:4.0.18.2-1_ru.po to Russian
+# Yuri Kozlov <kozlov.y@gmail.com>, 2005, 2006, 2007.
+# Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>, 2012.
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: 1:4.0.18.2-1\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-08 10:37-0600\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-08-23 01:39+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>\n"
+"Language-Team: Russian <debian-l10n-russian@lists.debian.org>\n"
+"Language: ru\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Generator: Lokalize 1.0\n"
+"Plural-Forms:  nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && "
+"n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:16 chfn.1.xml.out:18 chpasswd.8.xml.out:19 chsh.1.xml.out:18
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:19 faillog.5.xml.out:15 faillog.8.xml.out:15
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:18 groupdel.8.xml.out:16 groupmod.8.xml.out:16
+#: groups.1.xml.out:15 grpck.8.xml.out:15 lastlog.8.xml.out:17
+#: login.1.xml.out:48 login.defs.5.xml.out:84 logoutd.8.xml.out:15
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:16 newusers.8.xml.out:31 passwd.1.xml.out:22
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:15 porttime.5.xml.out:15 pwck.8.xml.out:22
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:15 shadow.5.xml.out:15 sg.1.xml.out:16 su.1.xml.out:32
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:34 userdel.8.xml.out:21 usermod.8.xml.out:22
+msgid "Julianne Frances"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:17 chfn.1.xml.out:19 chpasswd.8.xml.out:20 chsh.1.xml.out:19
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:20 faillog.5.xml.out:16 faillog.8.xml.out:16
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:19 groupdel.8.xml.out:17 groupmod.8.xml.out:17
+#: groups.1.xml.out:16 grpck.8.xml.out:16 lastlog.8.xml.out:18
+#: login.1.xml.out:49 login.defs.5.xml.out:85 logoutd.8.xml.out:16
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:17 newusers.8.xml.out:32 passwd.1.xml.out:23
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:16 porttime.5.xml.out:16 pwck.8.xml.out:23
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:16 shadow.5.xml.out:16 sg.1.xml.out:17 su.1.xml.out:33
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:35 userdel.8.xml.out:22 usermod.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Haugh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:18 chfn.1.xml.out:20 chsh.1.xml.out:20 expiry.1.xml.out:21
+msgid "Creation, 1990"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:21 chfn.1.xml.out:23 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:20
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:24 chsh.1.xml.out:23 expiry.1.xml.out:24
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:20 faillog.8.xml.out:20 gpasswd.1.xml.out:25
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:23 groupdel.8.xml.out:21 groupmems.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:21 groups.1.xml.out:20 grpck.8.xml.out:20
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:22 limits.5.xml.out:22 login.1.xml.out:53
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:21 login.defs.5.xml.out:89 logoutd.8.xml.out:20
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:21 newusers.8.xml.out:36 passwd.1.xml.out:27
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:20 porttime.5.xml.out:20 pwck.8.xml.out:27
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:26 shadow.3.xml.out:20 shadow.5.xml.out:20 sg.1.xml.out:21
+#: su.1.xml.out:37 suauth.5.xml.out:20 useradd.8.xml.out:39
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:26 usermod.8.xml.out:27 vipw.8.xml.out:22
+msgid "Thomas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:22 chfn.1.xml.out:24 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:21
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:25 chsh.1.xml.out:24 expiry.1.xml.out:25
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:21 faillog.8.xml.out:21 gpasswd.1.xml.out:26
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:24 groupdel.8.xml.out:22 groupmems.8.xml.out:25
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:22 groups.1.xml.out:21 grpck.8.xml.out:21
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:23 limits.5.xml.out:23 login.1.xml.out:54
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:22 login.defs.5.xml.out:90 logoutd.8.xml.out:21
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:22 newusers.8.xml.out:37 passwd.1.xml.out:28
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:21 porttime.5.xml.out:21 pwck.8.xml.out:28
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:27 shadow.3.xml.out:21 shadow.5.xml.out:21 sg.1.xml.out:22
+#: su.1.xml.out:38 suauth.5.xml.out:21 useradd.8.xml.out:40
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:27 usermod.8.xml.out:28 vipw.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Kłoczko"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/email
+#: chage.1.xml.out:23 chfn.1.xml.out:25 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:22
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:26 chsh.1.xml.out:25 expiry.1.xml.out:26
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:22 faillog.8.xml.out:22 gpasswd.1.xml.out:27
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:25 groupdel.8.xml.out:23 groupmems.8.xml.out:26
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:23 groups.1.xml.out:22 grpck.8.xml.out:22
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:24 limits.5.xml.out:24 login.1.xml.out:55
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:23 login.defs.5.xml.out:91 logoutd.8.xml.out:22
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:23 newusers.8.xml.out:38 passwd.1.xml.out:29
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:22 porttime.5.xml.out:22 pwck.8.xml.out:29
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:28 shadow.3.xml.out:22 shadow.5.xml.out:22 sg.1.xml.out:23
+#: su.1.xml.out:39 suauth.5.xml.out:22 useradd.8.xml.out:41
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:28 usermod.8.xml.out:29 vipw.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "kloczek@pld.org.pl"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:24 chfn.1.xml.out:26 chpasswd.8.xml.out:27 chsh.1.xml.out:26
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:27 faillog.5.xml.out:23 faillog.8.xml.out:23
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:28 groupadd.8.xml.out:26 groupdel.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:27 groupmod.8.xml.out:24 groups.1.xml.out:23
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:23 lastlog.8.xml.out:25 limits.5.xml.out:25
+#: login.1.xml.out:56 login.access.5.xml.out:24 login.defs.5.xml.out:92
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:23 newgrp.1.xml.out:24 newusers.8.xml.out:39
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:30 passwd.5.xml.out:23 porttime.5.xml.out:23
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:30 pwconv.8.xml.out:29 shadow.3.xml.out:23
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:23 sg.1.xml.out:24 su.1.xml.out:40 suauth.5.xml.out:23
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:42 userdel.8.xml.out:29 usermod.8.xml.out:30
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:25
+msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:27 chfn.1.xml.out:29 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:26
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:30 chsh.1.xml.out:29 expiry.1.xml.out:30
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:26 faillog.8.xml.out:26 gpasswd.1.xml.out:31
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:29 groupdel.8.xml.out:27 groupmems.8.xml.out:30
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:27 groups.1.xml.out:26 grpck.8.xml.out:26
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:14 lastlog.8.xml.out:28 limits.5.xml.out:28
+#: login.1.xml.out:59 login.access.5.xml.out:27 login.defs.5.xml.out:95
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:26 newgrp.1.xml.out:27 newusers.8.xml.out:42
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:15 passwd.1.xml.out:33 passwd.5.xml.out:26
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:26 pwck.8.xml.out:33 pwconv.8.xml.out:32
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:26 shadow.5.xml.out:26 sg.1.xml.out:27 su.1.xml.out:43
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:26 useradd.8.xml.out:45 userdel.8.xml.out:32
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:33 vipw.8.xml.out:28
+msgid "Nicolas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:28 chfn.1.xml.out:30 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:27
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:31 chsh.1.xml.out:30 expiry.1.xml.out:31
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:27 faillog.8.xml.out:27 gpasswd.1.xml.out:32
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:30 groupdel.8.xml.out:28 groupmems.8.xml.out:31
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:28 groups.1.xml.out:27 grpck.8.xml.out:27
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:15 lastlog.8.xml.out:29 limits.5.xml.out:29
+#: login.1.xml.out:60 login.access.5.xml.out:28 login.defs.5.xml.out:96
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:27 newgrp.1.xml.out:28 newusers.8.xml.out:43
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:16 passwd.1.xml.out:34 passwd.5.xml.out:27
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:27 pwck.8.xml.out:34 pwconv.8.xml.out:33
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:27 shadow.5.xml.out:27 sg.1.xml.out:28 su.1.xml.out:44
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:27 useradd.8.xml.out:46 userdel.8.xml.out:33
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:34 vipw.8.xml.out:29
+msgid "François"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/email
+#: chage.1.xml.out:29 chfn.1.xml.out:31 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:28
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:32 chsh.1.xml.out:31 expiry.1.xml.out:32
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:28 faillog.8.xml.out:28 gpasswd.1.xml.out:33
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:31 groupdel.8.xml.out:29 groupmems.8.xml.out:32
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:29 groups.1.xml.out:28 grpck.8.xml.out:28
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:16 lastlog.8.xml.out:30 limits.5.xml.out:30
+#: login.1.xml.out:61 login.access.5.xml.out:29 login.defs.5.xml.out:97
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:28 newgrp.1.xml.out:29 newusers.8.xml.out:44
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:17 passwd.1.xml.out:35 passwd.5.xml.out:28
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:28 pwck.8.xml.out:35 pwconv.8.xml.out:34
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:28 shadow.5.xml.out:28 sg.1.xml.out:29 su.1.xml.out:45
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:28 useradd.8.xml.out:47 userdel.8.xml.out:34
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:35 vipw.8.xml.out:30
+msgid "nicolas.francois@centraliens.net"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:30 chfn.1.xml.out:32 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:29
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:33 chsh.1.xml.out:32 expiry.1.xml.out:33
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:29 faillog.8.xml.out:29 gpasswd.1.xml.out:34
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:32 groupdel.8.xml.out:30 groupmems.8.xml.out:33
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:30 groups.1.xml.out:29 grpck.8.xml.out:29
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:18 lastlog.8.xml.out:31 limits.5.xml.out:31
+#: login.1.xml.out:62 login.access.5.xml.out:30 login.defs.5.xml.out:98
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:29 newgrp.1.xml.out:30 newusers.8.xml.out:45
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:18 passwd.1.xml.out:36 passwd.5.xml.out:29
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:29 pwck.8.xml.out:36 pwconv.8.xml.out:35
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:29 shadow.5.xml.out:29 sg.1.xml.out:30 su.1.xml.out:46
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:29 useradd.8.xml.out:48 userdel.8.xml.out:35
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:36 vipw.8.xml.out:31
+msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><command>
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chage.1.xml.out:34 chage.1.xml.out:41 chage.1.xml.out:46 chage.1.xml.out:59
+#: chage.1.xml.out:69 chage.1.xml.out:216 chage.1.xml.out:226
+#: chage.1.xml.out:236 chage.1.xml.out:241 chage.1.xml.out:285
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:233 shadow.5.xml.out:262
+msgid "chage"
+msgstr "chage"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:35 chage.1.xml.out:294 chfn.1.xml.out:37 chfn.1.xml.out:65
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:205 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:217 chpasswd.8.xml.out:265
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:37 chsh.1.xml.out:171 expiry.1.xml.out:38
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:235 gpasswd.1.xml.out:39 gpasswd.1.xml.out:93
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:277 groupadd.8.xml.out:345 groupadd.8.xml.out:348
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:351 groupdel.8.xml.out:205 groupdel.8.xml.out:208
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:211 groupmems.8.xml.out:209 groupmems.8.xml.out:212
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:215 groupmod.8.xml.out:326 groupmod.8.xml.out:329
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:332 groups.1.xml.out:34 groups.1.xml.out:92
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:243 gshadow.5.xml.out:77 gshadow.5.xml.out:165
+#: limits.5.xml.out:185 login.1.xml.out:67 login.1.xml.out:128
+#: login.1.xml.out:377 login.1.xml.out:380 login.1.xml.out:383
+#: login.1.xml.out:386 login.access.5.xml.out:112 login.defs.5.xml.out:516
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:518 login.defs.5.xml.out:520 login.defs.5.xml.out:530
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:533 login.defs.5.xml.out:536 newgrp.1.xml.out:35
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:130 newgrp.1.xml.out:133 newgrp.1.xml.out:136
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:139 newgrp.1.xml.out:142 newusers.8.xml.out:456
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:60 passwd.1.xml.out:41 passwd.1.xml.out:431
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:118 passwd.5.xml.out:173 passwd.5.xml.out:179
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:182 passwd.5.xml.out:197 porttime.5.xml.out:121
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:293 shadow.5.xml.out:262 shadow.5.xml.out:265
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:268 shadow.5.xml.out:283 sg.1.xml.out:35 sg.1.xml.out:119
+#: sg.1.xml.out:122 sg.1.xml.out:125 sg.1.xml.out:128 sg.1.xml.out:131
+#: su.1.xml.out:51 su.1.xml.out:391 su.1.xml.out:415 su.1.xml.out:421
+#: su.1.xml.out:424 suauth.5.xml.out:201 useradd.8.xml.out:817
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:878 useradd.8.xml.out:881 useradd.8.xml.out:884
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:241 userdel.8.xml.out:310 userdel.8.xml.out:313
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:316 usermod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:244
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:605 usermod.8.xml.out:608 usermod.8.xml.out:611
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:78 vipw.8.xml.out:205
+msgid "1"
+msgstr "1"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><refmiscinfo>
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:36 chfn.1.xml.out:38 chsh.1.xml.out:38 expiry.1.xml.out:39
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:40 groups.1.xml.out:35 login.1.xml.out:68
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:36 passwd.1.xml.out:42 sg.1.xml.out:36 su.1.xml.out:52
+msgid "User Commands"
+msgstr "Пользовательские команды"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:37 chfn.1.xml.out:39 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:36
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:40 chsh.1.xml.out:39 expiry.1.xml.out:40
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:36 faillog.8.xml.out:36 gpasswd.1.xml.out:41
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:39 groupdel.8.xml.out:37 groupmems.8.xml.out:40
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:37 groups.1.xml.out:36 grpck.8.xml.out:36
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:25 lastlog.8.xml.out:38 limits.5.xml.out:38
+#: login.1.xml.out:69 login.access.5.xml.out:37 login.defs.5.xml.out:105
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:36 newgrp.1.xml.out:37 newusers.8.xml.out:52
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:25 passwd.1.xml.out:43 passwd.5.xml.out:36
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:36 pwck.8.xml.out:43 pwconv.8.xml.out:42
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:36 shadow.5.xml.out:36 sg.1.xml.out:37 su.1.xml.out:53
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:36 useradd.8.xml.out:55 userdel.8.xml.out:42
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:43 vipw.8.xml.out:38
+msgid "shadow-utils"
+msgstr "shadow-utils"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:38 chfn.1.xml.out:40 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:37
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:41 chsh.1.xml.out:40 expiry.1.xml.out:41
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:37 faillog.8.xml.out:37 gpasswd.1.xml.out:42
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:40 groupdel.8.xml.out:38 groupmems.8.xml.out:41
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:38 groups.1.xml.out:37 grpck.8.xml.out:37
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:26 lastlog.8.xml.out:39 limits.5.xml.out:39
+#: login.1.xml.out:70 login.access.5.xml.out:38 login.defs.5.xml.out:106
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:37 newgrp.1.xml.out:38 newusers.8.xml.out:53
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:26 passwd.1.xml.out:44 passwd.5.xml.out:37
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:37 pwck.8.xml.out:44 pwconv.8.xml.out:43
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:37 shadow.5.xml.out:37 sg.1.xml.out:38 su.1.xml.out:54
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:37 useradd.8.xml.out:56 userdel.8.xml.out:43
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:44 vipw.8.xml.out:39
+msgid "4.13"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chage.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "change user password expiry information"
+msgstr "изменяет информацию об устаревании пароля пользователя"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><arg><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: chage.1.xml.out:48 chfn.1.xml.out:51 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:48
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:52 chsh.1.xml.out:51 faillog.8.xml.out:48
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:49 groupmod.8.xml.out:49 grpck.8.xml.out:47
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:50 newusers.8.xml.out:64 passwd.1.xml.out:55
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:54 pwconv.8.xml.out:57 pwconv.8.xml.out:63
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:69 pwconv.8.xml.out:75 su.1.xml.out:64 useradd.8.xml.out:66
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:78 userdel.8.xml.out:52 usermod.8.xml.out:55
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:53 vipw.8.xml.out:59
+msgid "options"
+msgstr "параметры"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:51 chfn.1.xml.out:54 chsh.1.xml.out:54 faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 passwd.1.xml.out:58 useradd.8.xml.out:68
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:158 userdel.8.xml.out:54 userdel.8.xml.out:64
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:57 usermod.8.xml.out:222 usermod.8.xml.out:506
+msgid "LOGIN"
+msgstr "УЧЁТНАЯ_ЗАПИСЬ"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:57 chfn.1.xml.out:60 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:54
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:58 chsh.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:58
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:45 faillog.8.xml.out:54 gpasswd.1.xml.out:70
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:60 groupdel.8.xml.out:56 groupmems.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:56 groups.1.xml.out:54 grpck.8.xml.out:58
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:34 lastlog.8.xml.out:56 limits.5.xml.out:48
+#: login.1.xml.out:101 login.access.5.xml.out:46 login.defs.5.xml.out:114
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:51 newgrp.1.xml.out:53 newusers.8.xml.out:73
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:40 passwd.1.xml.out:64 passwd.5.xml.out:45
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:45 pwck.8.xml.out:69 pwconv.8.xml.out:81
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:94 shadow.3.xml.out:150 shadow.5.xml.out:45 sg.1.xml.out:57
+#: su.1.xml.out:79 suauth.5.xml.out:51 useradd.8.xml.out:84
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:60 usermod.8.xml.out:62 vipw.8.xml.out:65
+msgid "DESCRIPTION"
+msgstr "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:58
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chage</command> command changes the number of days between "
+#| "password changes and the date of the last password change. This "
+#| "information is used by the system to determine when a user must change "
+#| "their password."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes the number of days between password "
+"changes and the date of the last password change. This information is used "
+"by the system to determine when a user must change their password."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>chage</command> изменяет количество дней между датой "
+"смены пароля и датой последней смены пароля. Эта информация используется "
+"системой для определения момента, когда пользователь должен сменить свой "
+"пароль."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:67 chfn.1.xml.out:87 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:81
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:106 chsh.1.xml.out:71 expiry.1.xml.out:67
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:65 gpasswd.1.xml.out:110 groupadd.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:80 groupdel.8.xml.out:64 groupmems.8.xml.out:76
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:65 grpck.8.xml.out:122 lastlog.8.xml.out:68
+#: login.1.xml.out:186 newusers.8.xml.out:250 passwd.1.xml.out:150
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:163 su.1.xml.out:120
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:102 userdel.8.xml.out:69 usermod.8.xml.out:70
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:83
+msgid "OPTIONS"
+msgstr "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:68 chfn.1.xml.out:88 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:82
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:107 chsh.1.xml.out:72 expiry.1.xml.out:68
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:66 gpasswd.1.xml.out:118 groupadd.8.xml.out:81
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:77 groupmod.8.xml.out:66
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:127 lastlog.8.xml.out:69 newusers.8.xml.out:251
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:151 pwck.8.xml.out:158 su.1.xml.out:121
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:103 userdel.8.xml.out:70 usermod.8.xml.out:71
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The options which apply to the <command>su</command> command are:"
+msgid "The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> command are:"
+msgstr "Параметры команды <command>su</command>:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74 gpasswd.1.xml.out:137 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:168 useradd.8.xml.out:123 useradd.8.xml.out:151
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:599 usermod.8.xml.out:112 usermod.8.xml.out:260
+msgid "-d"
+msgstr "-d"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "--lastday"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74 chage.1.xml.out:81 chage.1.xml.out:175
+msgid "LAST_DAY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chage.1.xml.out:73 chage.1.xml.out:88 chage.1.xml.out:127
+#: chage.1.xml.out:156 chage.1.xml.out:168 chage.1.xml.out:189
+#: chage.1.xml.out:202 chfn.1.xml.out:93 chfn.1.xml.out:101 chfn.1.xml.out:109
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:121 chfn.1.xml.out:129 chfn.1.xml.out:150
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:122 chpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chpasswd.8.xml.out:164
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:177 chsh.1.xml.out:83 chsh.1.xml.out:96
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:104 faillog.8.xml.out:119 faillog.8.xml.out:156
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 gpasswd.1.xml.out:123 gpasswd.1.xml.out:136
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:157 groupadd.8.xml.out:101 groupadd.8.xml.out:157
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:200 groupadd.8.xml.out:213 groupdel.8.xml.out:88
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:101 groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110 groupmems.8.xml.out:141 groupmod.8.xml.out:72
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:81 groupmod.8.xml.out:120 groupmod.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:163 groupmod.8.xml.out:176 grpck.8.xml.out:148
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:74 lastlog.8.xml.out:103 lastlog.8.xml.out:127
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:305 passwd.1.xml.out:196 passwd.1.xml.out:245
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:267 passwd.1.xml.out:277 passwd.1.xml.out:321
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:334 pwck.8.xml.out:196 pwconv.8.xml.out:177
+#: su.1.xml.out:125 su.1.xml.out:162 useradd.8.xml.out:117
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:150 useradd.8.xml.out:178
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:195 useradd.8.xml.out:229 useradd.8.xml.out:277
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:424 useradd.8.xml.out:488 useradd.8.xml.out:501
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:516 useradd.8.xml.out:530 useradd.8.xml.out:565
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:591 useradd.8.xml.out:609 useradd.8.xml.out:621
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:638 useradd.8.xml.out:654 userdel.8.xml.out:122
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:135 usermod.8.xml.out:98 usermod.8.xml.out:111
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:128 usermod.8.xml.out:151 usermod.8.xml.out:173
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:216 usermod.8.xml.out:289 usermod.8.xml.out:327
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:340 usermod.8.xml.out:356 usermod.8.xml.out:368
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:500 vipw.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:82 chage.1.xml.out:288 groupadd.8.xml.out:303
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:168 groupmod.8.xml.out:259 grpck.8.xml.out:237
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:138 passwd.1.xml.out:425 pwck.8.xml.out:287
+#: su.1.xml.out:385 useradd.8.xml.out:811 userdel.8.xml.out:235
+msgid "0"
+msgstr "0"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:77
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last "
+#| "changed. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the "
+#| "format more commonly used in your area)."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last "
+"changed. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the "
+"format more commonly used in your area). If the <_:replaceable-1/> is set to "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> the user is forced to change his password on the next log on."
+msgstr ""
+"Установить число дней прошедших с 1 января 1970 года, когда была последняя "
+"смена пароля. Дата может быть также указана в виде ГГГГ-ММ-ДД (или в форме "
+"согласно региональным настройкам)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-E"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89 useradd.8.xml.out:179 useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "--expiredate"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89 chage.1.xml.out:109 useradd.8.xml.out:179
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:610 usermod.8.xml.out:129 usermod.8.xml.out:243
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:416
+msgid "EXPIRE_DATE"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:92
+msgid ""
+"Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on which the user's "
+"account will no longer be accessible. The date may also be expressed in the "
+"format YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area). A user "
+"whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being "
+"able to use the system again."
+msgstr ""
+"Установить дату устаревания учётной записи пользователя, которая задаётся "
+"числом дней прошедших с 1 января 1970 года. Дата может быть также задана в "
+"виде ГГГГ-ММ-ДД (или в форме согласно региональным настройкам). "
+"Пользователь, чья учётная запись была заблокирована, должен обратиться к "
+"системному администратору, если хочет в дальнейшем работать с системой."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 "
+"days:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting
+#: chage.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "chage -E $(date -d +180days +%Y-%m-%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:108 chage.1.xml.out:139 chage.1.xml.out:182
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:344 useradd.8.xml.out:315
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "1"
+msgid "-1"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:107
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as the "
+#| "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> will remove an account expiration "
+#| "date."
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an "
+"account expiration date."
+msgstr ""
+"Значение <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> в параметре "
+"<replaceable>ДАТА_УСТАРЕВАНИЯ</replaceable> отменяет устаревание учётной "
+"записи."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chfn.1.xml.out:102 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:96 login.1.xml.out:204
+#: login.1.xml.out:229 newusers.8.xml.out:280 passwd.1.xml.out:190
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwconv.8.xml.out:171 useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:99 vipw.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "-h"
+msgstr "-h"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chfn.1.xml.out:143 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:96 newusers.8.xml.out:280
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:190 pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: su.1.xml.out:387 useradd.8.xml.out:271 userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "--help"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chage.1.xml.out:121 chage.1.xml.out:146
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:142 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:139 chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:73 expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:88 faillog.8.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:98
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 gpasswd.1.xml.out:172
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:188 groupadd.8.xml.out:87 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:144 groupadd.8.xml.out:184 groupadd.8.xml.out:228
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:71 groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:124 groupmems.8.xml.out:130 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:131 groupmod.8.xml.out:193 grpck.8.xml.out:132
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 grpck.8.xml.out:161 grpck.8.xml.out:172
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:84 lastlog.8.xml.out:95 lastlog.8.xml.out:116
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:268 newusers.8.xml.out:280 newusers.8.xml.out:286
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320 passwd.1.xml.out:156 passwd.1.xml.out:167
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:179 passwd.1.xml.out:190 passwd.1.xml.out:209
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:221 passwd.1.xml.out:257 passwd.1.xml.out:290
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:308 pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwck.8.xml.out:179
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188 pwck.8.xml.out:209 pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:168 useradd.8.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330 useradd.8.xml.out:349 useradd.8.xml.out:372
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:385 useradd.8.xml.out:404 useradd.8.xml.out:455
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:548 userdel.8.xml.out:75 userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:105 userdel.8.xml.out:152 usermod.8.xml.out:77
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:88 usermod.8.xml.out:230 usermod.8.xml.out:249
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:270 usermod.8.xml.out:316 usermod.8.xml.out:404
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:90 vipw.8.xml.out:96 vipw.8.xml.out:102 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127 vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>"
+msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:117 chfn.1.xml.out:146 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:109
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:149 chsh.1.xml.out:79 expiry.1.xml.out:90
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:100 gpasswd.1.xml.out:151 groupadd.8.xml.out:120
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:84 groupmems.8.xml.out:120 groupmod.8.xml.out:116
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:134 lastlog.8.xml.out:99 newusers.8.xml.out:282
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:192 pwck.8.xml.out:175 pwconv.8.xml.out:173
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:273 userdel.8.xml.out:101 vipw.8.xml.out:98
+msgid "Display help message and exit."
+msgstr "Показать краткую справку и закончить работу."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121 passwd.1.xml.out:197
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-i"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121
+msgid "--iso8601"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "When printing dates, use YYYY-MM-DD format."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-I"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128 passwd.1.xml.out:197 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622 usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "--inactive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128 chage.1.xml.out:134 chage.1.xml.out:140
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:197 passwd.1.xml.out:203 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:211 useradd.8.xml.out:622 useradd.8.xml.out:632
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "INACTIVE"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:131
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before "
+#| "the account is locked. The <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> option is "
+#| "the number of days of inactivity. A user whose account is locked must "
+#| "contact the system administrator before being able to use the system "
+#| "again."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the "
+"account is locked. The <_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days of "
+"inactivity. A user whose account is locked must contact the system "
+"administrator before being able to use the system again."
+msgstr ""
+"Установить количество дней неактивности после устаревания пароля перед тем "
+"как учётная запись будет заблокирована. В параметре <replaceable>ДНЕЙ</"
+"replaceable> задаётся количество дней неактивности. Пользователь, чья "
+"учётная запись была заблокирована, должен обратиться к системному "
+"администратору, если хочет в дальнейшем работать с системой."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:138
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as the "
+#| "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> will remove an account's inactivity."
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an "
+"account's inactivity."
+msgstr ""
+"Значение <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> в параметре <replaceable>ДНЕЙ</"
+"replaceable> отменяет неактивность учётной записи."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: chage.1.xml.out:147 chage.1.xml.out:242 faillog.8.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105 faillog.8.xml.out:185 faillog.8.xml.out:202
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:55 groupmems.8.xml.out:124 passwd.1.xml.out:222
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:316 su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:156 useradd.8.xml.out:330
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "-l"
+msgstr "-l"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:147 groupmems.8.xml.out:124
+msgid "--list"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:150
+msgid "Show account aging information."
+msgstr "Показать информацию об устаревании учётной записи."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:72 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:78 chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:130
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:155 faillog.8.xml.out:88 faillog.8.xml.out:120
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:185 faillog.8.xml.out:202 su.1.xml.out:207
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:287 useradd.8.xml.out:350 useradd.8.xml.out:476
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:119 usermod.8.xml.out:250
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-m"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+msgid "--mindays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 chage.1.xml.out:162 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:251
+msgid "MIN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:160 passwd.1.xml.out:249
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the minimum number of days between password changes to "
+#| "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>. A value of zero for this field "
+#| "indicates that the user may change their password at any time."
+msgid ""
+"Set the minimum number of days between password changes to <_:replaceable-1/"
+">. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their "
+"password at any time."
+msgstr ""
+"Задать <replaceable>минимальное количество дней</replaceable> между сменами "
+"пароля. Нулевое значение этого поля указывает на то, что пользователь может "
+"менять свой пароль когда захочет."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 gpasswd.1.xml.out:81 gpasswd.1.xml.out:112
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:162 useradd.8.xml.out:373
+msgid "-M"
+msgstr "-M"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 passwd.1.xml.out:335
+msgid "--maxdays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 chage.1.xml.out:174 chage.1.xml.out:183
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335 passwd.1.xml.out:340 passwd.1.xml.out:345
+msgid "MAX_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:178 chage.1.xml.out:203 usermod.8.xml.out:481
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-W"
+msgstr "-"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:172
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid. When "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable> plus <replaceable>LAST_DAY</"
+#| "replaceable> is less than the current day, the user will be required to "
+#| "change their password before being able to use their account. This "
+#| "occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the <option>-W</"
+#| "option> option, which provides the user with advance warning."
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid. When <_:"
+"replaceable-1/> plus <_:replaceable-2/> is less than the current day, the "
+"user will be required to change their password before being able to use "
+"their account. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the "
+"<_:option-3/> option, which provides the user with advance warning."
+msgstr ""
+"Установить максимальное количество дней работоспособности пароля. Если сумма "
+"значений <replaceable>МАКС_ДНЕЙ</replaceable> и <replaceable>ПОСЛ_ДЕНЬ</"
+"replaceable> раньше текущего дня, то пользователю придётся изменить свой "
+"пароль перед использованием учётной записи. Для того, чтобы это не было "
+"неожиданностью можно воспользоваться параметром <option>-W</option>, который "
+"активирует выдачу предупреждения о смене пароля пользователя заранее."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:181 passwd.1.xml.out:343
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable> will remove checking a password's "
+#| "validity."
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as <_:replaceable-2/> will remove "
+"checking a password's validity."
+msgstr ""
+"Значение <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> в параметре "
+"<replaceable>МАКС_ДНЕЙ</replaceable> отменяет проверку пароля."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chfn.1.xml.out:130 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chsh.1.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:189 groupadd.8.xml.out:201 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142 groupmod.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104 newusers.8.xml.out:306 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197 pwconv.8.xml.out:178 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123 usermod.8.xml.out:328 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "-R"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chfn.1.xml.out:130 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chsh.1.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158 groupadd.8.xml.out:201 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142 groupmod.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104 newusers.8.xml.out:306 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197 pwconv.8.xml.out:178 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123 usermod.8.xml.out:328 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "--root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chage.1.xml.out:194 chage.1.xml.out:196
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:130 chfn.1.xml.out:134 chfn.1.xml.out:136
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:127 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:129
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chpasswd.8.xml.out:169 chpasswd.8.xml.out:171
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:84 chsh.1.xml.out:88 chsh.1.xml.out:90 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:161 faillog.8.xml.out:163 gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:162 gpasswd.1.xml.out:164 groupadd.8.xml.out:201
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:205 groupadd.8.xml.out:207 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:93 groupdel.8.xml.out:95 groupmems.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:146 groupmems.8.xml.out:148 groupmod.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:168 groupmod.8.xml.out:170 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:153 grpck.8.xml.out:155 lastlog.8.xml.out:104
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:108 lastlog.8.xml.out:110 newusers.8.xml.out:306
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:310 newusers.8.xml.out:312 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:282 passwd.1.xml.out:284 pwck.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:201 pwck.8.xml.out:203 pwconv.8.xml.out:178
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:182 pwconv.8.xml.out:184 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:493 useradd.8.xml.out:495 userdel.8.xml.out:123
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:127 userdel.8.xml.out:129 usermod.8.xml.out:328
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:332 usermod.8.xml.out:334 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:119 vipw.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "CHROOT_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:193 chfn.1.xml.out:133 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:126
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:168 chsh.1.xml.out:87 faillog.8.xml.out:160
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:161 groupadd.8.xml.out:204 groupdel.8.xml.out:92
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:145 groupmod.8.xml.out:167 grpck.8.xml.out:152
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:107 newusers.8.xml.out:309 passwd.1.xml.out:281
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:200 pwconv.8.xml.out:181 useradd.8.xml.out:492
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:126 usermod.8.xml.out:331 vipw.8.xml.out:118
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory and "
+#| "use the configuration files from the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</"
+#| "replaceable> directory."
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration "
+"files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. Only absolute paths are "
+"supported."
+msgstr ""
+"Выполнить изменения в каталоге <replaceable>КАТ_CHROOT</replaceable> и "
+"использовать файлы настройки из каталога <replaceable>КАТ_CHROOT</"
+"replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203 passwd.1.xml.out:322
+msgid "--warndays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203 chage.1.xml.out:208 passwd.1.xml.out:322
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:327
+msgid "WARN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:206
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. "
+#| "The <replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable> option is the number of days "
+#| "prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password "
+#| "is about to expire."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The "
+"<_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password "
+"expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"Установить количество дней выдачи предупреждения, перед тем как потребуется "
+"смена пароля. Параметр <replaceable>ПРЕДУП_ДНЕЙ</replaceable> считается в "
+"днях, в течении которых пользователь будет получать предупреждение об "
+"устаревании пароля, перед тем как это случится."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:220 chfn.1.xml.out:163 chsh.1.xml.out:112
+msgid "[ ]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:215
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If none of the options are selected, <command>chage</command> operates in "
+#| "an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for "
+#| "all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the "
+#| "line blank to use the current value. The current value is displayed "
+#| "between a pair of <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> marks."
+msgid ""
+"If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of "
+"the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank "
+"to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> marks."
+msgstr ""
+"Если ни один параметр не указан, то <command>chage</command> переходит в "
+"интерактивный режим, предлагая запустившему пользователю изменить значения "
+"всех полей своей учётной записи. Вводимое значение заменяет текущее значение "
+"поля; если введена пустая строка, то текущее значение остаётся неизменным. "
+"Текущее значение показано в скобках <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:224 chsh.1.xml.out:117 groups.1.xml.out:65
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:170
+msgid "NOTE"
+msgstr "ЗАМЕЧАНИЕ"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:225
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chage</command> program requires a shadow password file to "
+#| "be available."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program requires a shadow password file to be available."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>chage</command> требует наличия файла теневых паролей."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:229
+msgid ""
+"The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password "
+"file. This implies that configuration from other sources (e.g. LDAP or empty "
+"password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user's login will "
+"not be shown in the chage output."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: chage.1.xml.out:238 grpck.8.xml.out:294 login.defs.5.xml.out:410
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:185 pwck.8.xml.out:40 pwck.8.xml.out:47 pwck.8.xml.out:53
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:71 pwck.8.xml.out:147 pwck.8.xml.out:159 pwck.8.xml.out:191
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:223 pwck.8.xml.out:284 pwconv.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:248 shadow.5.xml.out:274
+msgid "pwck"
+msgstr "pwck"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:235
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program will also not report any inconsistency between "
+"the shadow and passwd files (e.g. missing x in the passwd file). The <_:"
+"command-2/> can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:241
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chage</command> command is restricted to the root user, "
+#| "except for the <option>-l</option> option, which may be used by an "
+#| "unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to "
+#| "expire."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is restricted to the root user, except for the <_:"
+"option-2/> option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine "
+"when their password or account is due to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>chage</command> работает только от суперпользователя, за "
+"исключением вызова с параметром <option>-l</option>, который может "
+"использоваться непривилегированным пользователем для определения даты "
+"устаревания своего пароля."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:249 chfn.1.xml.out:170 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:175
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:216 chsh.1.xml.out:131 gpasswd.1.xml.out:241
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:247 groupdel.8.xml.out:133 groupmems.8.xml.out:176
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:212 grpck.8.xml.out:196 lastlog.8.xml.out:182
+#: login.1.xml.out:270 newgrp.1.xml.out:85 newusers.8.xml.out:360
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:372 pwck.8.xml.out:240 pwconv.8.xml.out:204 sg.1.xml.out:74
+#: su.1.xml.out:314 useradd.8.xml.out:710 userdel.8.xml.out:165
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:536 vipw.8.xml.out:142
+msgid "CONFIGURATION"
+msgstr "НАСТРОЙКА"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:252 chfn.1.xml.out:68 chfn.1.xml.out:173 chfn.1.xml.out:187
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:155 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:205 chpasswd.8.xml.out:77 chpasswd.8.xml.out:134
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:200 chpasswd.8.xml.out:219 chpasswd.8.xml.out:247
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:134 chsh.1.xml.out:159 gpasswd.1.xml.out:244
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:129 groupadd.8.xml.out:239 groupadd.8.xml.out:250
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:276 groupdel.8.xml.out:136 groupmems.8.xml.out:179
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:109 groupmod.8.xml.out:204 groupmod.8.xml.out:215
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:239 grpck.8.xml.out:199 lastlog.8.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:273 login.1.xml.out:365 login.access.5.xml.out:100
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:116 login.defs.5.xml.out:515 newgrp.1.xml.out:88
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:340 newusers.8.xml.out:363 newusers.8.xml.out:423
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:375 passwd.1.xml.out:405 pwck.8.xml.out:243
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:148 pwconv.8.xml.out:207 pwconv.8.xml.out:215
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:230 sg.1.xml.out:77 su.1.xml.out:109 su.1.xml.out:219
+#: su.1.xml.out:277 su.1.xml.out:317 su.1.xml.out:357 useradd.8.xml.out:241
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:307 useradd.8.xml.out:378 useradd.8.xml.out:399
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:467 useradd.8.xml.out:474 useradd.8.xml.out:560
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:713 useradd.8.xml.out:797 userdel.8.xml.out:87
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:168 userdel.8.xml.out:191 userdel.8.xml.out:297
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:399 usermod.8.xml.out:539 usermod.8.xml.out:569
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "/etc/login.defs"
+msgstr "/etc/login.defs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:250 chfn.1.xml.out:171 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:176
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:217 chsh.1.xml.out:132 gpasswd.1.xml.out:242
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:248 groupdel.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:213 grpck.8.xml.out:197 lastlog.8.xml.out:183
+#: login.1.xml.out:271 newgrp.1.xml.out:86 newusers.8.xml.out:361
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:373 pwck.8.xml.out:241 sg.1.xml.out:75 su.1.xml.out:315
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:711 userdel.8.xml.out:166 usermod.8.xml.out:537
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:143
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename> change the behavior of this tool:"
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior "
+"of this tool:"
+msgstr ""
+"На работу этого инструмента влияют следующие переменные настройки из "
+"<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:261 chfn.1.xml.out:184 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:190
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:232 chsh.1.xml.out:144 expiry.1.xml.out:97
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:220 gpasswd.1.xml.out:256
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:261 groupdel.8.xml.out:145 groupmems.8.xml.out:188
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:224 groups.1.xml.out:77 grpck.8.xml.out:208
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:194 limits.5.xml.out:172
+#: login.1.xml.out:314 login.access.5.xml.out:97 logoutd.8.xml.out:65
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:97 newusers.8.xml.out:396 passwd.1.xml.out:390
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:139 porttime.5.xml.out:106 pwck.8.xml.out:258
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:227 shadow.3.xml.out:202 shadow.5.xml.out:231
+#: sg.1.xml.out:86 su.1.xml.out:342 suauth.5.xml.out:169 useradd.8.xml.out:740
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:182 usermod.8.xml.out:554 vipw.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "FILES"
+msgstr "ФАЙЛЫ"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:265 chfn.1.xml.out:193 chpasswd.8.xml.out:235
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:147 expiry.1.xml.out:100 groupmod.8.xml.out:245
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:223 lastlog.8.xml.out:63 login.1.xml.out:145
+#: login.1.xml.out:329 newgrp.1.xml.out:65 newgrp.1.xml.out:70
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:100 newusers.8.xml.out:399 passwd.1.xml.out:393
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:47 passwd.5.xml.out:89 passwd.5.xml.out:142
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:73 pwck.8.xml.out:145 pwck.8.xml.out:212 pwck.8.xml.out:224
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:267 pwconv.8.xml.out:127 shadow.5.xml.out:234 sg.1.xml.out:89
+#: su.1.xml.out:185 su.1.xml.out:197 su.1.xml.out:345 useradd.8.xml.out:524
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:743 userdel.8.xml.out:197 usermod.8.xml.out:103
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:305 usermod.8.xml.out:362 usermod.8.xml.out:575
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:68 vipw.8.xml.out:187
+msgid "/etc/passwd"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:268 chfn.1.xml.out:195 chpasswd.8.xml.out:237
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:149 expiry.1.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:247
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:225 login.1.xml.out:331 newgrp.1.xml.out:102
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:401 passwd.1.xml.out:395 passwd.5.xml.out:144
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:269 shadow.5.xml.out:236 sg.1.xml.out:91 su.1.xml.out:347
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:745 userdel.8.xml.out:199 vipw.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "User account information."
+msgstr "содержит информацию о пользователях"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:273 chpasswd.8.xml.out:241 expiry.1.xml.out:106
+#: login.1.xml.out:335 newgrp.1.xml.out:68 newgrp.1.xml.out:106
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:295 newusers.8.xml.out:405 passwd.1.xml.out:399
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:82 passwd.5.xml.out:148 pwck.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:107 pwck.8.xml.out:213 pwck.8.xml.out:225 pwck.8.xml.out:273
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:128 pwconv.8.xml.out:149 shadow.3.xml.out:97
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:173 shadow.3.xml.out:205 shadow.5.xml.out:78
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:240 sg.1.xml.out:95 su.1.xml.out:351 useradd.8.xml.out:439
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:464 useradd.8.xml.out:749 userdel.8.xml.out:203
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:144 usermod.8.xml.out:145 usermod.8.xml.out:166
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:167 usermod.8.xml.out:306 usermod.8.xml.out:581
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:71 vipw.8.xml.out:193
+msgid "/etc/shadow"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:276 chpasswd.8.xml.out:243 expiry.1.xml.out:108
+#: login.1.xml.out:337 newgrp.1.xml.out:108 newusers.8.xml.out:407
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:401 pwck.8.xml.out:275 shadow.3.xml.out:207
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:242 sg.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:353 useradd.8.xml.out:751
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:205 vipw.8.xml.out:195
+msgid "Secure user account information."
+msgstr "содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:283 groupadd.8.xml.out:298 groupdel.8.xml.out:163
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:254 grpck.8.xml.out:232 passwd.1.xml.out:420
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:282 su.1.xml.out:366 useradd.8.xml.out:806
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:230
+msgid "EXIT VALUES"
+msgstr "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:290 groupadd.8.xml.out:305 groupdel.8.xml.out:170
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:239 passwd.1.xml.out:427 pwck.8.xml.out:289
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:813 userdel.8.xml.out:237
+msgid "success"
+msgstr "успешное выполнение"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:296 passwd.1.xml.out:433
+msgid "permission denied"
+msgstr "доступ запрещён"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#: chage.1.xml.out:300 groupadd.8.xml.out:309 groupdel.8.xml.out:174
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:265 groups.1.xml.out:95 groups.1.xml.out:98
+#: groups.1.xml.out:101 grpck.8.xml.out:249 limits.5.xml.out:90
+#: limits.5.xml.out:101 limits.5.xml.out:188 limits.5.xml.out:191
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:437 pwck.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:823
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:247
+msgid "2"
+msgstr "2"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:302 groupadd.8.xml.out:311 groupdel.8.xml.out:176
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:245 pwck.8.xml.out:295 useradd.8.xml.out:825
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:249
+msgid "invalid command syntax"
+msgstr "ошибка в параметрах команды"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:306
+msgid "15"
+msgstr "15"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:308
+msgid "can't find the shadow password file"
+msgstr "не удалось найти файл теневых паролей"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:284 groupadd.8.xml.out:299 groupdel.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:255 grpck.8.xml.out:233 passwd.1.xml.out:421
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:283 useradd.8.xml.out:807 userdel.8.xml.out:231
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>pwck</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#| "<placeholder-1/>"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command exits with the following values: <_:"
+"variablelist-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <command>pwck</command> завершая работу, возвращает следующие "
+"значения: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:316 chfn.1.xml.out:202 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:214
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:262 chsh.1.xml.out:168 expiry.1.xml.out:115
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:232 gpasswd.1.xml.out:274
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:343 groupdel.8.xml.out:202 groupmems.8.xml.out:206
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:323 groups.1.xml.out:89 grpck.8.xml.out:277
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:150 limits.5.xml.out:182 login.1.xml.out:374
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:109 login.defs.5.xml.out:527 newgrp.1.xml.out:127
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:450 nologin.8.xml.out:57 passwd.1.xml.out:471
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:167 porttime.5.xml.out:118 pwck.8.xml.out:333
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:239 shadow.3.xml.out:214 shadow.5.xml.out:259
+#: sg.1.xml.out:116 su.1.xml.out:413 suauth.5.xml.out:198 useradd.8.xml.out:875
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:308 usermod.8.xml.out:602 vipw.8.xml.out:202
+msgid "SEE ALSO"
+msgstr "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:319 chfn.1.xml.out:211 chpasswd.8.xml.out:265
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:177 expiry.1.xml.out:118 groupadd.8.xml.out:351
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:211 groupmems.8.xml.out:215 groupmod.8.xml.out:332
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:291 lastlog.8.xml.out:176 login.1.xml.out:128
+#: login.1.xml.out:380 login.1.xml.out:395 login.defs.5.xml.out:399
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:516 login.defs.5.xml.out:533 login.defs.5.xml.out:539
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:79 newusers.8.xml.out:456 passwd.1.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:47 passwd.1.xml.out:53 passwd.1.xml.out:66
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:69 passwd.1.xml.out:86 passwd.1.xml.out:116
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:152 passwd.1.xml.out:366 passwd.1.xml.out:413
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:422 passwd.1.xml.out:451 passwd.1.xml.out:457
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:477 passwd.5.xml.out:33 passwd.5.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:182 pwck.8.xml.out:228 pwck.8.xml.out:342
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:84 pwconv.8.xml.out:99 shadow.5.xml.out:268
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:271 useradd.8.xml.out:884 userdel.8.xml.out:316
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:611 vipw.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "passwd"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><manvolnum>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:319 chage.1.xml.out:322 chfn.1.xml.out:208
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:211 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:223 chpasswd.8.xml.out:272
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:174 chsh.1.xml.out:177 expiry.1.xml.out:118
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:121 faillog.5.xml.out:34 faillog.8.xml.out:238
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:292 gpasswd.1.xml.out:295 groupadd.8.xml.out:363
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:344 grpck.8.xml.out:267 grpck.8.xml.out:280
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:287 grpck.8.xml.out:291 grpck.8.xml.out:297
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:23 gshadow.5.xml.out:153 gshadow.5.xml.out:156
+#: limits.5.xml.out:36 login.1.xml.out:389 login.1.xml.out:392
+#: login.1.xml.out:395 login.1.xml.out:398 login.access.5.xml.out:35
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:103 login.defs.5.xml.out:539 login.defs.5.xml.out:542
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:145 newgrp.1.xml.out:148 newusers.8.xml.out:79
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:453 newusers.8.xml.out:460 newusers.8.xml.out:463
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:48 nologin.8.xml.out:63 passwd.1.xml.out:455
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:477 passwd.1.xml.out:480 passwd.1.xml.out:484
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:34 passwd.5.xml.out:80 passwd.5.xml.out:194
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:34 pwck.8.xml.out:317 pwck.8.xml.out:336
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:342 pwck.8.xml.out:345 pwconv.8.xml.out:245
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:220 shadow.5.xml.out:34 shadow.5.xml.out:271
+#: sg.1.xml.out:134 sg.1.xml.out:137 su.1.xml.out:418 suauth.5.xml.out:34
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:91 useradd.8.xml.out:205 useradd.8.xml.out:628
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:899 useradd.8.xml.out:906 useradd.8.xml.out:909
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:319 userdel.8.xml.out:335 userdel.8.xml.out:338
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:162 usermod.8.xml.out:629 usermod.8.xml.out:633
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:636 vipw.8.xml.out:208 vipw.8.xml.out:211
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:214 vipw.8.xml.out:217 vipw.8.xml.out:220 vipw.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "5"
+msgstr "5"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:322 expiry.1.xml.out:121 grpck.8.xml.out:51
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:190 grpck.8.xml.out:297 login.defs.5.xml.out:542
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:480 passwd.5.xml.out:79 passwd.5.xml.out:194
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:229 pwck.8.xml.out:233 pwck.8.xml.out:345 pwconv.8.xml.out:84
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:85 pwconv.8.xml.out:100 pwconv.8.xml.out:101
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:33 shadow.3.xml.out:40 shadow.3.xml.out:96
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:220 shadow.5.xml.out:33 shadow.5.xml.out:40
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:47 useradd.8.xml.out:205 useradd.8.xml.out:628
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:162 vipw.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "shadow"
+msgstr "shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:317 expiry.1.xml.out:116 faillog.8.xml.out:233
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:58 shadow.3.xml.out:215
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:36 chfn.1.xml.out:43 chfn.1.xml.out:49 chfn.1.xml.out:62
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:89 chfn.1.xml.out:159 chfn.1.xml.out:164 chsh.1.xml.out:171
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:345 groupdel.8.xml.out:205 groupmems.8.xml.out:209
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:326 login.defs.5.xml.out:239 useradd.8.xml.out:878
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:310 usermod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:605
+msgid "chfn"
+msgstr "chfn"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:44
+msgid "change real user name and information"
+msgstr "изменяет информацию о пользователе"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:65 passwd.5.xml.out:117
+msgid "finger"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:71 chfn.1.xml.out:110 groupadd.8.xml.out:106
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:145 groupadd.8.xml.out:323 groupmod.8.xml.out:93
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:405 useradd.8.xml.out:536
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:837 usermod.8.xml.out:271 usermod.8.xml.out:377
+msgid "-o"
+msgstr "-o"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chfn</command> command changes user fullname, office room "
+#| "number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a "
+#| "user's account. This information is typically printed by "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> and similar programs. A normal user may only "
+#| "change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>. (The default configuration is to "
+#| "prevent users from changing their fullname.) The superuser may change any "
+#| "field for any account. Additionally, only the superuser may use the "
+#| "<option>-o</option> option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS "
+#| "field."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes user fullname, office room number, office "
+"phone number, and home phone number information for a user's account. This "
+"information is typically printed by <_:citerefentry-2/> and similar "
+"programs. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, "
+"subject to the restrictions in <_:filename-3/>. (The default configuration "
+"is to prevent users from changing their fullname.) The superuser may change "
+"any field for any account. Additionally, only the superuser may use the <_:"
+"option-4/> option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>chfn</command> изменяет ФИО, рабочий телефон, рабочий "
+"номер комнаты, рабочий и домашний номер телефона для учётной записи "
+"пользователя. Обычно, эти данные выводятся командой "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry> и ей подобными программами. Обычный пользователь может "
+"изменить только определённые данные собственной учётной записи, разрешённые "
+"в файле <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> (настройкой по умолчанию "
+"пользователю не разрешается менять своё имя и фамилию). Суперпользователь "
+"может изменять любые данные любой учётной записи. Кроме того, только "
+"суперпользователь может использовать параметр <option>-o</option> для "
+"изменения нестандартизованной части данных GECOS."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:77 chfn.1.xml.out:80
+msgid "other"
+msgstr "другое"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "These fields must not contain any colons. Except for the <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">other</emphasis> field, they should not contain any comma or "
+#| "equal sign. It is also recommended to avoid non-US-ASCII characters, but "
+#| "this is only enforced for the phone numbers. The <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">other</emphasis> field is used to store accounting "
+#| "information used by other applications."
+msgid ""
+"These fields must not contain any colons. Except for the <_:emphasis-1/> "
+"field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign. It is also "
+"recommended to avoid non-US-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for "
+"the phone numbers. The <_:emphasis-2/> field is used to store accounting "
+"information used by other applications."
+msgstr ""
+"Части поля GECOS не должны содержать двоеточий. За исключением части "
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">другая</emphasis>, в них не должно содержаться запятых "
+"и знаков равно. Также рекомендуется избегать символов не в кодировке US-"
+"ASCII, но это касается только номеров телефонов. Часть <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">другая</emphasis> используется для хранения информации об "
+"учётной записи, которая используется другими приложениями."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94 expiry.1.xml.out:61 expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:88 groupdel.8.xml.out:72 login.1.xml.out:90
+#: login.1.xml.out:190 login.1.xml.out:229 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622 userdel.8.xml.out:76 userdel.8.xml.out:287
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:302 usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "-f"
+msgstr "-f"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><arg><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "full_name"
+msgid "--full-name"
+msgstr "ФИО"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+msgid "FULL_NAME"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:97
+msgid "Change the user's full name."
+msgstr "Изменяет ФИО пользователя."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><arg><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "home_ph"
+msgid "--home-phone"
+msgstr "домашний телефон"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+msgid "HOME_PHONE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "Change the user's home phone number."
+msgstr "Изменяет номер домашнего телефона пользователя."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "other"
+msgid "--other"
+msgstr "другое"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "OTHER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:113
+msgid ""
+"Change the user's other GECOS information. This field is used to store "
+"accounting information used by other applications, and can be changed only "
+"by a superuser."
+msgstr ""
+"Изменяет другую информацию GECOS о пользователе. Эта часть используется для "
+"хранения информации об учётной записи, используемой другими приложениями, и "
+"может изменяться только суперпользователем."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122 faillog.8.xml.out:89 faillog.8.xml.out:144
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:186 faillog.8.xml.out:203 gpasswd.1.xml.out:173
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:112 groupadd.8.xml.out:185 grpck.8.xml.out:124
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 login.1.xml.out:220 login.1.xml.out:229
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:287 passwd.1.xml.out:268 pwck.8.xml.out:155
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188 useradd.8.xml.out:224 useradd.8.xml.out:456
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:542 userdel.8.xml.out:106 usermod.8.xml.out:317
+msgid "-r"
+msgstr "-r"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><arg><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "room_no"
+msgid "--room"
+msgstr "номер комнаты"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+msgid "ROOM_NUMBER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:125
+msgid "Change the user's room number."
+msgstr "Изменяет номер комнаты пользователя."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:143 faillog.8.xml.out:80 faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:214 lastlog.8.xml.out:90 lastlog.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 passwd.1.xml.out:309 useradd.8.xml.out:414
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:279 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-u"
+msgstr "-"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151 passwd.1.xml.out:322 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-w"
+msgstr "-"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><arg><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "work_ph"
+msgid "--work-phone"
+msgstr "рабочий телефон"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+msgid "WORK_PHONE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:154
+msgid "Change the user's office phone number."
+msgstr "Изменяет номер рабочего телефона пользователя."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If none of the options are selected, <command>chfn</command> operates in "
+#| "an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for "
+#| "all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the "
+#| "line blank to use the current value. The current value is displayed "
+#| "between a pair of <emphasis remap=\"B\">[ ]</emphasis> marks. Without "
+#| "options, <command>chfn</command> prompts for the current user account."
+msgid ""
+"If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of "
+"the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank "
+"to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> marks. Without options, <_:command-3/> prompts for the "
+"current user account."
+msgstr ""
+"Если ни один параметр не указан, то <command>chfn</command> переходит в "
+"интерактивный режим, предлагая запустившему пользователю изменить данные "
+"своей учётной записи. Вводимое значение заменяет текущее значение записи; "
+"если введена пустая строка, то текущее значение остаётся неизменным. Текущее "
+"значение показано в скобках <emphasis remap=\"B\">[ ]</emphasis>. При вызове "
+"без параметров программа <command>chfn</command> изменяет учётную запись "
+"запустившего пользователя."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:189 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:207 chpasswd.8.xml.out:249
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:161 groupadd.8.xml.out:278 groupmod.8.xml.out:241
+#: login.1.xml.out:367 login.access.5.xml.out:102 newusers.8.xml.out:425
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:407 pwconv.8.xml.out:232 su.1.xml.out:359
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:799 userdel.8.xml.out:193
+msgid "Shadow password suite configuration."
+msgstr "содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:205 chsh.1.xml.out:36 chsh.1.xml.out:43 chsh.1.xml.out:49
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:62 chsh.1.xml.out:73 chsh.1.xml.out:109
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:348 groupdel.8.xml.out:208 groupmems.8.xml.out:212
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:329 login.defs.5.xml.out:270 useradd.8.xml.out:881
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:313 usermod.8.xml.out:608
+msgid "chsh"
+msgstr "chsh"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:208 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:223 chpasswd.8.xml.out:272
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:174 groupadd.8.xml.out:194 groupadd.8.xml.out:363
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:344 login.1.xml.out:389 login.defs.5.xml.out:102
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:109 newusers.8.xml.out:298 newusers.8.xml.out:453
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:484 pwconv.8.xml.out:92 pwconv.8.xml.out:94
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:108 pwconv.8.xml.out:245 su.1.xml.out:418
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:899 userdel.8.xml.out:117 userdel.8.xml.out:319
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:629 vipw.8.xml.out:214
+msgid "login.defs"
+msgstr "login.defs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:203 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:215 chsh.1.xml.out:169
+#: limits.5.xml.out:183
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Creation, 2006"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><command>
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:33 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:40 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:46
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:56 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:66 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:83
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:249
+msgid "chgpasswd"
+msgstr "chgpasswd"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><manvolnum>
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:34 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:220 chpasswd.8.xml.out:38
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:268 chpasswd.8.xml.out:276 faillog.5.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:34 gpasswd.1.xml.out:280 gpasswd.1.xml.out:283
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:286 gpasswd.1.xml.out:289 groupadd.8.xml.out:37
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:354 groupadd.8.xml.out:357 groupadd.8.xml.out:360
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:366 groupadd.8.xml.out:369 groupadd.8.xml.out:372
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:35 groupdel.8.xml.out:186 groupdel.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:217 groupdel.8.xml.out:220 groupdel.8.xml.out:223
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:226 groupdel.8.xml.out:229 groupmems.8.xml.out:38
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:218 groupmems.8.xml.out:221 groupmems.8.xml.out:224
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:227 groupmems.8.xml.out:230 groupmod.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:335 groupmod.8.xml.out:338 groupmod.8.xml.out:341
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:347 groupmod.8.xml.out:350 groupmod.8.xml.out:353
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:34 grpck.8.xml.out:283 grpck.8.xml.out:294
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:159 gshadow.5.xml.out:162 lastlog.8.xml.out:36
+#: login.1.xml.out:174 login.1.xml.out:176 login.1.xml.out:249
+#: login.1.xml.out:251 login.1.xml.out:401 login.defs.5.xml.out:545
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:34 newusers.8.xml.out:50 newusers.8.xml.out:467
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:23 passwd.1.xml.out:474 passwd.1.xml.out:488
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:185 passwd.5.xml.out:188 passwd.5.xml.out:191
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:200 pwck.8.xml.out:41 pwck.8.xml.out:339 pwck.8.xml.out:348
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:40 pwconv.8.xml.out:242 pwconv.8.xml.out:248
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:251 pwconv.8.xml.out:254 shadow.5.xml.out:274
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:277 shadow.5.xml.out:280 shadow.5.xml.out:286
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:192 useradd.8.xml.out:53 useradd.8.xml.out:574
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:890 useradd.8.xml.out:893 useradd.8.xml.out:896
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:902 useradd.8.xml.out:913 useradd.8.xml.out:916
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:40 userdel.8.xml.out:259 userdel.8.xml.out:322
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:325 userdel.8.xml.out:328 userdel.8.xml.out:331
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:342 userdel.8.xml.out:345 usermod.8.xml.out:41
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:617 usermod.8.xml.out:620 usermod.8.xml.out:623
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:626 usermod.8.xml.out:640 usermod.8.xml.out:643
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:36
+msgid "8"
+msgstr "8"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><refmiscinfo>
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:35 chpasswd.8.xml.out:39 faillog.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:38 groupdel.8.xml.out:36 groupmems.8.xml.out:39
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:36 grpck.8.xml.out:35 lastlog.8.xml.out:37
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:35 newusers.8.xml.out:51 nologin.8.xml.out:24
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:42 pwconv.8.xml.out:41 useradd.8.xml.out:54
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:41 usermod.8.xml.out:42 vipw.8.xml.out:37
+msgid "System Management Commands"
+msgstr "Команды управления системой"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "update group passwords in batch mode"
+msgstr "обновляет пароли групп в пакетном режиме"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:55
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chgpasswd</command> command reads a list of group name and "
+#| "password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a "
+#| "set of existing groups. Each line is of the format:"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of group name and password pairs "
+"from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing "
+"groups. Each line is of the format:"
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>chgpasswd</command> читает список пар «группа пароль» из "
+"стандартного входного потока и обновляет информацию о существующих группах. "
+"Каждая строка имеет вид:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:61 groupmems.8.xml.out:54 groupmems.8.xml.out:110
+msgid "group_name"
+msgstr "имя_группы"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:62 chpasswd.8.xml.out:66 passwd.5.xml.out:77
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:86 passwd.5.xml.out:91 passwd.5.xml.out:95
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:98
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "password"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:60 chpasswd.8.xml.out:64
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:64
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted "
+#| "by <command>chgpasswd</command>."
+msgid ""
+"By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted by "
+"<_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"По умолчанию, передаваемый пароль должен быть в виде обычного текста и "
+"шифруется командой <command>chgpasswd</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chpasswd.8.xml.out:75 chpasswd.8.xml.out:132
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD"
+msgstr "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:71 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101 chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:130 chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:180 useradd.8.xml.out:179 useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-e"
+msgstr "-"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: arg/arg
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:72 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:114 chpasswd.8.xml.out:129
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:73 newusers.8.xml.out:268
+#: sg.1.xml.out:50 su.1.xml.out:86 su.1.xml.out:126 su.1.xml.out:131
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "-c"
+msgstr "-c"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:68
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the "
+#| "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> variable of <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>, and can be overwiten with the <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</"
+#| "option>, or <option>-c</option> options."
+msgid ""
+"The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:"
+"option-1/> variable of <_:filename-2/>, and can be overwritten with the <_:"
+"option-3/>, <_:option-4/>, or <_:option-5/> options."
+msgstr ""
+"Системный алгоритм шифрования по умолчанию может быть задан в переменной "
+"<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> в файле <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename>, и может быть переопределён параметрами <option>-e</option>, "
+"<option>-m</option> или <option>-c</option>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:74 chpasswd.8.xml.out:99
+msgid ""
+"This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many "
+"accounts are created at a single time."
+msgstr ""
+"Данная команда предназначена для работы в крупных системных средах, где за "
+"один раз заводится несколько учётных записей."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chpasswd.8.xml.out:114 newusers.8.xml.out:268
+msgid "--crypt-method"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:90 chpasswd.8.xml.out:117 newusers.8.xml.out:270
+msgid "Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr "Использовать указанный метод для шифрования паролей."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:91 chpasswd.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "The available methods are DES, MD5, and NONE."
+msgstr "Возможные методы: DES, MD5 и NONE."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:94 chpasswd.8.xml.out:121 newusers.8.xml.out:271
+msgid ""
+"The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc "
+"support these methods."
+msgstr ""
+"Возможные методы: DES, MD5, NONE и SHA256 или SHA512, если эти методы "
+"поддерживается libc."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101 chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "encrypted password"
+msgid "--encrypted"
+msgstr "шифрованный пароль"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:103 chpasswd.8.xml.out:141
+msgid "Supplied passwords are in encrypted form."
+msgstr "Передаваемые пароли заданы в шифрованном виде."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+msgid "--md5"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:115 chpasswd.8.xml.out:157
+msgid ""
+"Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are not "
+"encrypted."
+msgstr ""
+"Использовать алгоритм шифрования MD5 вместо DES, если пароли передаются не "
+"шифрованными."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135 chpasswd.8.xml.out:178 chsh.1.xml.out:97
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:108 grpck.8.xml.out:124 grpck.8.xml.out:161
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320 pwck.8.xml.out:155 pwck.8.xml.out:209
+#: su.1.xml.out:163 useradd.8.xml.out:517 useradd.8.xml.out:655
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357 vipw.8.xml.out:70 vipw.8.xml.out:127
+msgid "-s"
+msgstr "-s"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135 chpasswd.8.xml.out:178 newusers.8.xml.out:320
+msgid "--sha-rounds"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:137 chpasswd.8.xml.out:181 newusers.8.xml.out:322
+msgid "Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr "Использовать указанное количество раундов шифрования паролей."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:140 chpasswd.8.xml.out:184 newusers.8.xml.out:325
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number of rounds "
+"for the crypt method (5000)."
+msgstr ""
+"Значение 0 означает, что система выберет количество раундов по умолчанию для "
+"выбранного метода шифрования (5000)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:144 chpasswd.8.xml.out:188 newusers.8.xml.out:329
+msgid ""
+"A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced."
+msgstr ""
+"Минимальное значение равно 1000, а максимальное значение равно 999,999,999."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:148 chpasswd.8.xml.out:192 newusers.8.xml.out:333
+msgid "You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt method."
+msgstr ""
+"Вы можете использовать этот параметр только при методе шифрования SHA256 или "
+"SHA512."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:152 newusers.8.xml.out:337
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS "
+#| "and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and "
+"SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"По умолчанию, количество раундов определяется переменными "
+"SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS и SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS из <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:163 chpasswd.8.xml.out:208 faillog.8.xml.out:209
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:229 groupadd.8.xml.out:285 groupdel.8.xml.out:121
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:206 login.1.xml.out:236 newusers.8.xml.out:348
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:354 shadow.3.xml.out:194 su.1.xml.out:306
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:682 userdel.8.xml.out:281 usermod.8.xml.out:517
+msgid "CAVEATS"
+msgstr "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:164 chpasswd.8.xml.out:209
+msgid ""
+"Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of unencrypted "
+"files by other users."
+msgstr ""
+"Не забудьте установить права или umask, чтобы не позволить чтение не "
+"шифрованных файлов другими пользователями."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:168 newusers.8.xml.out:353
+msgid ""
+"You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect the "
+"system's password policy."
+msgstr ""
+"Вы должны проверить, что пароль и метод шифрования соответствует политике "
+"системных паролей."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:193 gpasswd.1.xml.out:48 gpasswd.1.xml.out:51
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:73 gpasswd.1.xml.out:231 gpasswd.1.xml.out:259
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:170 groupadd.8.xml.out:264 groupdel.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:191 groupmod.8.xml.out:227 groups.1.xml.out:58
+#: groups.1.xml.out:70 groups.1.xml.out:80 grpck.8.xml.out:62
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:81 grpck.8.xml.out:94 grpck.8.xml.out:112
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:177 grpck.8.xml.out:185
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:211 gshadow.5.xml.out:91 gshadow.5.xml.out:124
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:135 newgrp.1.xml.out:80 newgrp.1.xml.out:112
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:411 pwck.8.xml.out:261 pwconv.8.xml.out:128
+#: sg.1.xml.out:101 suauth.5.xml.out:90 useradd.8.xml.out:755
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:185 usermod.8.xml.out:557 vipw.8.xml.out:69
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:175
+msgid "/etc/group"
+msgstr "/etc/group"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:195 gpasswd.1.xml.out:261 groupadd.8.xml.out:266
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:150 groupmems.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:229
+#: groups.1.xml.out:82 grpck.8.xml.out:213 gshadow.5.xml.out:137
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:114 newusers.8.xml.out:413 pwck.8.xml.out:263
+#: sg.1.xml.out:103 useradd.8.xml.out:757 userdel.8.xml.out:187
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "Group account information."
+msgstr "содержит информацию о группах"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:199 gpasswd.1.xml.out:52 gpasswd.1.xml.out:74
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:232 gpasswd.1.xml.out:265 groupadd.8.xml.out:170
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:270 groupdel.8.xml.out:154 groupmems.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:88 groupmems.8.xml.out:98 groupmems.8.xml.out:103
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:104 groupmems.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:135
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:197 groupmod.8.xml.out:233 grpck.8.xml.out:63
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:93 grpck.8.xml.out:114 grpck.8.xml.out:166
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:186 grpck.8.xml.out:217 gshadow.5.xml.out:36
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:141 newgrp.1.xml.out:78 newgrp.1.xml.out:118
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:417 pwconv.8.xml.out:129 sg.1.xml.out:107
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:761 usermod.8.xml.out:563 vipw.8.xml.out:72
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:181
+msgid "/etc/gshadow"
+msgstr "/etc/gshadow"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:201 gpasswd.1.xml.out:267 groupadd.8.xml.out:272
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:156 groupmod.8.xml.out:235 grpck.8.xml.out:219
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:143 newgrp.1.xml.out:120 newusers.8.xml.out:419
+#: sg.1.xml.out:109 useradd.8.xml.out:763 vipw.8.xml.out:183
+msgid "Secure group account information."
+msgstr "содержит защищаемую информацию о группах"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:217 gpasswd.1.xml.out:38 gpasswd.1.xml.out:45
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:59 gpasswd.1.xml.out:72 gpasswd.1.xml.out:85
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:119 groupadd.8.xml.out:354 groupdel.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:335 gshadow.5.xml.out:153 login.defs.5.xml.out:280
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:142 sg.1.xml.out:131 userdel.8.xml.out:322
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:617
+msgid "gpasswd"
+msgstr "gpasswd"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:220 gpasswd.1.xml.out:280 groupadd.8.xml.out:36
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:43 groupadd.8.xml.out:49 groupadd.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:82 groupadd.8.xml.out:292 groupadd.8.xml.out:300
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:217 groupmems.8.xml.out:218 groupmod.8.xml.out:338
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:290 useradd.8.xml.out:890 userdel.8.xml.out:325
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:620
+msgid "groupadd"
+msgstr "groupadd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:21 groupadd.8.xml.out:20 groupdel.8.xml.out:18
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:18 groups.1.xml.out:17 login.defs.5.xml.out:86
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:17 newgrp.1.xml.out:18 newusers.8.xml.out:33
+#: sg.1.xml.out:18 useradd.8.xml.out:36 userdel.8.xml.out:23
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "Creation, 1991"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><command>
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:37 chpasswd.8.xml.out:44 chpasswd.8.xml.out:50
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:60 chpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chpasswd.8.xml.out:89
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:96 chpasswd.8.xml.out:108 chpasswd.8.xml.out:255
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:259 passwd.1.xml.out:474
+msgid "chpasswd"
+msgstr "chpasswd"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:45
+msgid "update passwords in batch mode"
+msgstr "обновляет пароли в пакетном режиме"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chpasswd</command> command reads a list of user name and "
+#| "password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a "
+#| "group of existing users. Each line is of the format:"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of user name and password pairs from "
+"standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing "
+"users. Each line is of the format:"
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>chpasswd</command> читает список пар «пользователь "
+"пароль» из стандартного входного потока и обновляет информацию о "
+"существующих пользователях. Каждая строка имеет вид:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:52 groupmems.8.xml.out:53
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "user_name"
+msgstr "имя_пользователя"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:68
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are "
+#| "encrypted by <command>chpasswd</command>. Also the password age will be "
+#| "updated, if present."
+msgid ""
+"By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are encrypted "
+"by <_:command-1/>. Also the password age will be updated, if present."
+msgstr ""
+"По умолчанию, передаваемый пароль должен быть в виде обычного текста и "
+"шифруется командой <command>chpasswd</command>. Также, если есть срок "
+"действия пароля, то он будет обновлён."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:76 chpasswd.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgid "MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgstr "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:73
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the "
+#| "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> variable of <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>, and can be overwiten with the <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</"
+#| "option>, or <option>-c</option> options."
+msgid ""
+"The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:"
+"option-1/> or <_:option-2/> variables of <_:filename-3/>, and can be "
+"overwritten with the <_:option-4/>, <_:option-5/>, or <_:option-6/> options."
+msgstr ""
+"Системный алгоритм шифрования по умолчанию может быть задан в переменной "
+"<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> в файле <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename>, и может быть переопределён параметрами <option>-e</option>, "
+"<option>-m</option> или <option>-c</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:81
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not recommended) "
+#| "you can select a different encryption method with the <option>-e</"
+#| "option>, <option>-m</option>, or <option>-c</option> options."
+msgid ""
+"By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not recommended) "
+"you can select a different encryption method with the <_:option-1/>, <_:"
+"option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options."
+msgstr ""
+"По умолчанию пароли шифруются PAM, но (даже если это не рекомендуется) вы "
+"можете выбрать другой метод шифрования с помощью параметра <option>-e</"
+"option>, <option>-m</option> или <option>-c</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:88
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords."
+msgid "Except when PAM is used to encrypt the passwords,"
+msgstr "По умолчанию, для шифрования паролей используется PAM."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<phrase condition=\"pam\">Except when PAM is used to encrypt the "
+#| "passwords,</phrase><command>chpasswd</command> first updates all the "
+#| "passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no "
+#| "errors occured for any user."
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> <_:command-2/> first updates all the passwords in memory, and "
+"then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <command>chpasswd</command> <phrase condition=\"pam\">(когда для "
+"шифрования паролей не используется PAM)</phrase> сначала обновляет все "
+"пароли в памяти, а затем записывает все изменения на диск, если не было "
+"никаких ошибок."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:93
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in "
+#| "the system database) then if a password cannot be updated "
+#| "<command>chpasswd</command> continues updating the passwords of the next "
+#| "users, and will return an error code on exit."
+msgid ""
+"When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in the "
+"system database) then if a password cannot be updated <_:command-1/> "
+"continues updating the passwords of the next users, and will return an error "
+"code on exit."
+msgstr ""
+"В случае когда шифрование паролей (и обновление в системной базе данных) "
+"выполняется PAM и пароль не может быть обновлён, то <command>chpasswd</"
+"command> продолжает обновление паролей остальных пользователей и завершает "
+"работу с кодом ошибки."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "METHOD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr "По умолчанию, для шифрования паролей используется PAM."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default (if none of the <option>-c</option>, <option>-m</option>, or "
+#| "<option>-e</option> options are specified), the encryption method is "
+#| "defined by the <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> or <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</"
+#| "option> variables of <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"By default (if none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> "
+"options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the <_:option-4/"
+"> or <_:option-5/> variables of <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"По умолчанию (если не указан параметр<option>-c</option>, <option>-m</"
+"option> или <option>-e</option>), метод шифрования определяется переменной "
+"<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> или <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> из файла "
+"<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+msgid "ROUNDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:198
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgstr "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS"
+msgstr "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:196
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, the number of rounds is defined by the "
+#| "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> and <option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</"
+#| "option> variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"By default, the number of rounds is defined by the <_:option-1/> and <_:"
+"option-2/> variables in <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"По умолчанию, количество раундов определяется переменными "
+"<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> и <option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</"
+"option> в <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:253
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/chpasswd"
+msgstr "/etc/pam.d/chpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:255 newusers.8.xml.out:431 passwd.1.xml.out:413
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "PAM configuration for <command>passwd</command>."
+msgid "PAM configuration for <_:command-1/>."
+msgstr "настройки PAM для <command>passwd</command>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:268 login.defs.5.xml.out:380 newusers.8.xml.out:49
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:56 newusers.8.xml.out:62 newusers.8.xml.out:75
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:96 newusers.8.xml.out:123 newusers.8.xml.out:132
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:151 newusers.8.xml.out:164 newusers.8.xml.out:170
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:172 newusers.8.xml.out:210 newusers.8.xml.out:230
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:252 newusers.8.xml.out:431 useradd.8.xml.out:902
+msgid "newusers"
+msgstr "newusers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:270 grpck.8.xml.out:285 passwd.1.xml.out:482
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:276 groupadd.8.xml.out:366 groupdel.8.xml.out:223
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:224 groupmod.8.xml.out:347 login.defs.5.xml.out:462
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:467 useradd.8.xml.out:52 useradd.8.xml.out:59
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:64 useradd.8.xml.out:71 useradd.8.xml.out:75
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:87 useradd.8.xml.out:90 useradd.8.xml.out:103
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:129 useradd.8.xml.out:187 useradd.8.xml.out:209
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:239 useradd.8.xml.out:284 useradd.8.xml.out:341
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:472 useradd.8.xml.out:584 useradd.8.xml.out:586
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:690 useradd.8.xml.out:808 userdel.8.xml.out:342
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:640
+msgid "useradd"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:263 newusers.8.xml.out:451
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:44
+msgid "change login shell"
+msgstr "изменяет регистрационную оболочку пользователя"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chsh</command> command changes the user login shell. This "
+#| "determines the name of the user's initial login command. A normal user "
+#| "may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may "
+#| "change the login shell for any account."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes the user login shell. This determines the "
+"name of the user's initial login command. A normal user may only change the "
+"login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell "
+"for any account."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>chsh</command> изменяет регистрационную оболочку "
+"пользователя. Она определяет какая команда будет запущена после регистрации "
+"пользователя в системе. Обычный пользователь может изменять регистрационную "
+"оболочку только для своей учётной записи; суперпользователь может изменять "
+"регистрационную оболочку любой учётной записи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:163 su.1.xml.out:199 useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:655 usermod.8.xml.out:357
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "pw_shell"
+msgid "--shell"
+msgstr "pw_shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:163 useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:522 useradd.8.xml.out:655 useradd.8.xml.out:662
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357
+msgid "SHELL"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank causes "
+"the system to select the default login shell."
+msgstr ""
+"Имя новой регистрационной оболочки пользователя. Если задать пустое "
+"значение, то будет использована регистрационная оболочка по умолчанию."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:107
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <option>-s</option> option is not selected, <command>chsh</"
+#| "command> operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the "
+#| "current login shell. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave "
+#| "the line blank to use the current one. The current shell is displayed "
+#| "between a pair of <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> marks."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:option-1/> option is not selected, <_:command-2/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell. Enter "
+"the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the "
+"current one. The current shell is displayed between a pair of <_:emphasis-3/"
+"> marks."
+msgstr ""
+"Если параметр <option>-s</option> не задан, то <command>chsh</command> "
+"переходит в интерактивный режим, предлагая пользователю изменить свою "
+"регистрационную оболочку. Вводимое значение заменяет текущее значение поля; "
+"если введена пустая строка, то текущее значение остаётся неизменным. Текущее "
+"значение регистрационной оболочки указано в скобках <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:120 chsh.1.xml.out:124 chsh.1.xml.out:153 su.1.xml.out:198
+msgid "/etc/shells"
+msgstr "/etc/shells"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "/bin/rsh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:118
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name "
+#| "must be listed in <filename>/etc/shells</filename>, unless the invoker is "
+#| "the superuser, and then any value may be added. An account with a "
+#| "restricted login shell may not change her login shell. For this reason, "
+#| "placing <filename>/bin/rsh</filename> in <filename>/etc/shells</filename> "
+#| "is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would "
+#| "prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original "
+#| "value."
+msgid ""
+"The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must "
+"be listed in <_:filename-1/>, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then "
+"any value may be added. An account with a restricted login shell may not "
+"change her login shell. For this reason, placing <_:filename-2/> in <_:"
+"filename-3/> is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted "
+"shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its "
+"original value."
+msgstr ""
+"Все допустимые имена регистрационных оболочек должны быть указаны в файле "
+"<filename>/etc/shells</filename>. На суперпользователя это ограничение не "
+"действует и поэтому ему разрешено указывать любое значение. Для учётной "
+"записи с ограниченной регистрационной оболочкой пользователь не может "
+"изменить свою регистрационную оболочку. Поэтому <filename>/bin/rsh</"
+"filename> в файле <filename>/etc/shells</filename> лучше не указывать, так "
+"как, если пользователь случайно изменит свою регистрационную оболочку на эту "
+"ограниченную оболочку, то не сможет восстановить её первоначальное значение."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:155
+msgid "List of valid login shells."
+msgstr "содержит список разрешённых регистрационных оболочек"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><command>
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:37 expiry.1.xml.out:44 expiry.1.xml.out:50
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:69
+msgid "expiry"
+msgstr "expiry"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:45
+msgid "check and enforce password expiration policy"
+msgstr "проверяет и изменяет пароль согласно политике устаревания"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><arg><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:52 gpasswd.1.xml.out:61
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "параметр"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>expiry</command> command checks (<option>-c</option>) the "
+#| "current password expiration and forces (<option>-f</option>) changes when "
+#| "required. It is callable as a normal user command."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command checks (<_:option-2/>) the current password "
+"expiration and forces (<_:option-3/>) changes when required. It is callable "
+"as a normal user command."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>expiry</command> проверяет (параметр <option>-c</option>) "
+"сколько ещё времени будет работоспособен текущий пароль и вынуждает изменить "
+"его (параметр <option>-f</option>), если это требуется. Она может "
+"запускаться обычным пользователем."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:73
+msgid "--check"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:75
+msgid "Check the password expiration of the current user."
+msgstr "Проверяет и изменяет срок действия пароля у текущего пользователя."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:79 groupadd.8.xml.out:88 groupdel.8.xml.out:72
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "--force"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:81
+msgid "Force a password change if the current user has an expired password."
+msgstr "Принудительно меняет пароль, если его срок действия истёк."
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:17 faillog.8.xml.out:17 login.1.xml.out:50
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:24 passwd.5.xml.out:17 porttime.5.xml.out:17
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:17 shadow.5.xml.out:17 su.1.xml.out:34
+msgid "Creation, 1989"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:33 faillog.5.xml.out:40 faillog.5.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:33 faillog.8.xml.out:40 faillog.8.xml.out:46
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:56 faillog.8.xml.out:59 faillog.8.xml.out:67
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:76 faillog.8.xml.out:203 faillog.8.xml.out:211
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:238
+msgid "faillog"
+msgstr "faillog"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><refmiscinfo>
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:35 gshadow.5.xml.out:24 limits.5.xml.out:37
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:36 login.defs.5.xml.out:104 passwd.5.xml.out:35
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:35 shadow.5.xml.out:35 suauth.5.xml.out:35
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "File Formats and Conversions"
+msgid "File Formats and Configuration Files"
+msgstr "Форматы файлов"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "login failure logging file"
+msgstr "файл протокола неудачных попыток входа в систему"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:47 faillog.5.xml.out:75 faillog.8.xml.out:57
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:113 faillog.8.xml.out:138 faillog.8.xml.out:150
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "/var/log/faillog"
+msgstr "/var/log/faillog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> maintains a count of login failures "
+#| "and the limits for each account."
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"В файле <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> содержатся счётчики неудачных "
+"попыток входа и ограничения для каждой учётной записи."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:50
+msgid ""
+"The file contains fixed length records, indexed by numerical UID. Each "
+"record contains the count of login failures since the last successful login; "
+"the maximum number of failures before the account is disabled; the line on "
+"which the last login failure occurred; the date of the last login failure; "
+"and the duration (in seconds) during which the account will be locked after "
+"a failure."
+msgstr ""
+"Этот файл состоит из записей постоянной длины, упорядоченных по числовому "
+"идентификатору учётной записи. Каждая запись содержит количество неудачных "
+"попыток входа с момента последнего успешного входа в систему, максимальное "
+"количество неудачных попыток перед тем как учётная запись будет "
+"заблокирована, терминал, с которого осуществлялась последняя неудачная "
+"попытка входа, дату этого события и интервал (в секундах) на сколько учётная "
+"запись будет заблокирована в случае неудачной попытки."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "The structure of the file is:"
+msgstr "Структура файла:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><programlisting>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "struct\tfaillog {\n"
+#| "\tshort   fail_cnt;\n"
+#| "\tshort   fail_max;\n"
+#| "\tchar    fail_line[12];\n"
+#| "\ttime_t  fail_time;\n"
+#| "\tlong    fail_locktime;\n"
+#| "};"
+msgid ""
+"struct faillog { short fail_cnt; short fail_max; char fail_line[12]; time_t "
+"fail_time; long fail_locktime; };"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"struct\tfaillog {\n"
+"\tshort   fail_cnt;\n"
+"\tshort   fail_max;\n"
+"\tchar    fail_line[12];\n"
+"\ttime_t  fail_time;\n"
+"\tlong    fail_locktime;\n"
+"};"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:77 faillog.8.xml.out:225
+msgid "Failure logging file."
+msgstr "журнал неудавшихся попыток входа в систему"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "display faillog records or set login failure limits"
+msgstr ""
+"показывает записи из файла faillog или задаёт предел неудачных попыток входа "
+"в систему"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:55
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>faillog</command> displays the contents of the failure log "
+#| "database (<filename>/var/log/faillog</filename>). It can also set the "
+#| "failure counters and limits. When <command>faillog</command> is run "
+#| "without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who "
+#| "had a login failure."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> displays the contents of the failure log database (<_:"
+"filename-2/>). It can also set the failure counters and limits. When <_:"
+"command-3/> is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records "
+"of the users who had a login failure."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>faillog</command> показывает содержимое журнала неудачных "
+"попыток (файл <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename>). Также она может быть "
+"использована для управления счётчиком неудачных попыток и их ограничением. "
+"При запуске <command>faillog</command> без параметров выводятся записи "
+"faillog только тех пользователей, у которых имеется хотя бы одна неудачная "
+"попытка входа."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:215 gpasswd.1.xml.out:124
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmod.8.xml.out:73 passwd.1.xml.out:157
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:78 usermod.8.xml.out:210
+msgid "-a"
+msgstr "-a"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72 passwd.1.xml.out:157
+msgid "--all"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the "
+#| "<filename>faillog</filename> database."
+msgid ""
+"Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the <_:"
+"filename-1/> database."
+msgstr ""
+"Показать записи faillog для всех пользователей из базы данных "
+"<filename>faillog</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:78
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The range of users can be restricted with the <option>-u</option> option."
+msgid "The range of users can be restricted with the <_:option-1/> option."
+msgstr ""
+"Список пользователей можно ограничить с помощью параметра <option>-u</"
+"option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:82
+msgid ""
+"In display mode, this is still restricted to existing users but forces the "
+"display of the faillog entries even if they are empty."
+msgstr ""
+"В режиме вывода это ограничивает вывод списком существующих пользователей, "
+"но при этом для них выводятся даже пустые записи faillog."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:89 faillog.8.xml.out:169 lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-t"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "With the <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option>, <option>-r</option>, "
+#| "<option>-t</option> options, the users' records are changed, even if the "
+#| "user does not exist on the system. This is useful to reset records of "
+#| "users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of "
+#| "users."
+msgid ""
+"With the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:option-4/> options, "
+"the users' records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the "
+"system. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or "
+"to set a policy in advance for a range of users."
+msgstr ""
+"Параметры <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option>, <option>-r</option>, "
+"<option>-t</option> изменяют записи пользователей, даже если они не "
+"существует в системе. Это полезно для сброса записей пользователей, которые "
+"были удалены или для предварительной установки политики для диапазона "
+"пользователей."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105
+msgid "--lock-secs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105 faillog.8.xml.out:109
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "USE_TCB"
+msgid "SEC"
+msgstr "USE_TCB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:108
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Lock account for <replaceable>SEC</replaceable> seconds after failed "
+#| "login."
+msgid "Lock account for <_:replaceable-1/> seconds after failed login."
+msgstr ""
+"Блокировать учётную запись на указанное количество <replaceable>СЕКУНД</"
+"replaceable> после неудачной попытки входа."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:112 faillog.8.xml.out:137 faillog.8.xml.out:149
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Write access to <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> is required for "
+#| "this option."
+msgid "Write access to <_:filename-1/> is required for this option."
+msgstr ""
+"Для этого параметра требуется право на запись в <filename>/var/log/faillog</"
+"filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "--maximum"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120 faillog.8.xml.out:125 faillog.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:123
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Установить максимальное количество неудачных попыток входа перед блокировкой "
+"учётной записи равным <replaceable>МАКС_ЧИСЛО</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:127
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Selecting a <replaceable>MAX</replaceable> value of 0 has the effect of "
+#| "not placing a limit on the number of failed logins."
+msgid ""
+"Selecting a <_:replaceable-1/> value of 0 has the effect of not placing a "
+"limit on the number of failed logins."
+msgstr ""
+"Если значение <replaceable>МАКС_ЧИСЛО</replaceable> равно 0, то количество "
+"неудачных попыток входа не ограничивается."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:160 porttime.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:132
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The maximum failure count should always be 0 for <emphasis>root</"
+#| "emphasis> to prevent a denial of services attack against the system."
+msgid ""
+"The maximum failure count should always be 0 for <_:emphasis-1/> to prevent "
+"a denial of services attack against the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Для предотвращения атаки отказа в обслуживании максимальное количество "
+"неудачных попыток входа у <emphasis>root</emphasis> всегда должно быть равно "
+"0."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144
+msgid "--reset"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "Reset the counters of login failures."
+msgstr "Сбросить счётчик неудачных попыток входа."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+msgid "--time"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 faillog.8.xml.out:174 lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:79 lastlog.8.xml.out:128 lastlog.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:172
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Display faillog records more recent than <replaceable>DAYS</replaceable>."
+msgid "Display faillog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr "Показать записи faillog новее чем <replaceable>ДНЕЙ</replaceable>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><arg><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180 lastlog.8.xml.out:90 lastlog.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "--user"
+msgstr "имя"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180 faillog.8.xml.out:190 faillog.8.xml.out:191
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 lastlog.8.xml.out:147 lastlog.8.xml.out:148
+msgid "RANGE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:179 lastlog.8.xml.out:138
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>|<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:183
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used "
+#| "with <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option> or <option>-r</option> "
+#| "options) only for the specified user(s)."
+msgid ""
+"Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used "
+"with <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/> options) only for the "
+"specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+"Показать запись faillog или изменить счётчики неудачных попыток и "
+"ограничения (если задан параметр <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option> "
+"или <option>-r</option>) только для указанных учётных записей."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:193 lastlog.8.xml.out:149
+msgid "UID_MIN-UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:194 lastlog.8.xml.out:150
+msgid "-UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:195 lastlog.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "UID_MIN-"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:188 lastlog.8.xml.out:145
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a "
+#| "<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable> of users. This <replaceable>RANGE</"
+#| "replaceable> of users can be specified with a min and max values "
+#| "(<replaceable>UID_MIN-UID_MAX</replaceable>), a max value (<replaceable>-"
+#| "UID_MAX</replaceable>), or a min value (<replaceable>UID_MIN-</"
+#| "replaceable>)."
+msgid ""
+"The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a <_:"
+"replaceable-1/> of users. This <_:replaceable-2/> of users can be specified "
+"with a min and max values (<_:replaceable-3/>), a max value (<_:"
+"replaceable-4/>), or a min value (<_:replaceable-5/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Пользователя можно указать по отдельному имени, числовому идентификатору или "
+"в виде <replaceable>ДИАПАЗОНА</replaceable> пользователей. Такой "
+"<replaceable>ДИАПАЗОН</replaceable> можно задавать в виде максимального и "
+"минимального значений(<replaceable>UID_МИН-UID_МАКС</replaceable>), "
+"максимального (<replaceable>-UID_МАКС</replaceable>) или минимального "
+"(<replaceable>UID_МИН-</replaceable>) значения."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:201
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When none of the <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option>, or <option>-r</"
+#| "option> options are used, <command>faillog</command> displays the faillog "
+#| "record of the specified user(s)."
+msgid ""
+"When none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options are "
+"used, <_:command-4/> displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+"Если параметры <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option> или <option>-r</"
+"option> не заданы, то <command>faillog</command> показывает записи faillog "
+"указанных пользователей."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:210
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>faillog</command> only prints out users with no successful login "
+#| "since the last failure. To print out a user who has had a successful "
+#| "login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with "
+#| "the <option>-u</option> flag, or print out all users with the <option>-a</"
+#| "option> flag."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> only prints out users with no successful login since the last "
+"failure. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last "
+"failure, you must explicitly request the user with the <_:option-2/> flag, "
+"or print out all users with the <_:option-3/> flag."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>faillog</command> выводит только записи о пользователях, "
+"последняя попытка входа которых была неудачной. Чтобы увидеть запись о "
+"пользователе, последняя попытка входа которого была удачной, вы должны "
+"специально указать имя пользователя с помощью параметра <option>-u</option>, "
+"или для показа всех пользователей указать параметр <option>-a</option>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:235 limits.5.xml.out:125 limits.5.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:66 login.1.xml.out:73 login.1.xml.out:79 login.1.xml.out:87
+#: login.1.xml.out:94 login.1.xml.out:103 login.1.xml.out:106
+#: login.1.xml.out:108 login.1.xml.out:112 login.1.xml.out:119
+#: login.1.xml.out:171 login.1.xml.out:177 login.1.xml.out:230
+#: login.1.xml.out:238 login.1.xml.out:247 login.1.xml.out:253
+#: login.1.xml.out:259 login.access.5.xml.out:112 login.defs.5.xml.out:343
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:518 login.defs.5.xml.out:530 newgrp.1.xml.out:133
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:60 passwd.5.xml.out:125 passwd.5.xml.out:132
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:179 porttime.5.xml.out:121 shadow.5.xml.out:265
+#: sg.1.xml.out:122 su.1.xml.out:415
+msgid "login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:20
+msgid "Rafal"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:21
+msgid "Maszkowski"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:22 login.access.5.xml.out:18 pwconv.8.xml.out:23
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Creation, 1996"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:47
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administer <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "administer <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr "управление <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:50
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administer <placeholder-1/> and <placeholder-2/>"
+msgid "administer <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>"
+msgstr "управление <placeholder-1/> и <placeholder-2/>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:64 gpasswd.1.xml.out:89 gpasswd.1.xml.out:129
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:142 gpasswd.1.xml.out:177 gpasswd.1.xml.out:181
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:193 gpasswd.1.xml.out:197 gpasswd.1.xml.out:292
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:49 grpck.8.xml.out:188 grpck.8.xml.out:280
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:156 limits.5.xml.out:138 newgrp.1.xml.out:48
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:145 pwck.8.xml.out:336 pwconv.8.xml.out:114
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:120 sg.1.xml.out:134 vipw.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "group"
+msgstr "группа"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:73
+msgid ", and <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:76
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "administrators,"
+msgstr "администраторы"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:71
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to administer <_:filename-2/><_:phrase-3/"
+">. Every group can have <_:phrase-4/> members and a password."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:80 gpasswd.1.xml.out:112 gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-A"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:79
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "System administrators can use the <option>-A</option> option to define "
+#| "group administrator(s) and the <option>-M</option> option to define "
+#| "members. They have all rights of group administrators and members."
+msgid ""
+"System administrators can use the <_:option-1/> option to define group "
+"administrator(s) and the <_:option-2/> option to define members. They have "
+"all rights of group administrators and members."
+msgstr ""
+"Системные администраторы могут использовать параметр <option>-A</option>, "
+"чтобы назначить группе администратора(ов) и параметр <option>-M</option> для "
+"определения списка членов, а также имеют все права администраторов и членов "
+"группы."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:86
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "a group administrator"
+msgstr "администраторы"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "a system administrator"
+msgstr "администраторы"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:84
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> called by <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> with a group name only "
+"prompts for the new password of the <_:replaceable-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:93 gpasswd.1.xml.out:180 gpasswd.1.xml.out:196
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:277 groups.1.xml.out:71 groups.1.xml.out:92
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:76 gshadow.5.xml.out:165 newgrp.1.xml.out:34
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:41 newgrp.1.xml.out:47 newgrp.1.xml.out:55
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:63 newgrp.1.xml.out:66 sg.1.xml.out:60 sg.1.xml.out:64
+#: sg.1.xml.out:65 sg.1.xml.out:66 sg.1.xml.out:125
+msgid "newgrp"
+msgstr "newgrp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:91
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If a password is set the members can still use "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> without a password, and non-members must supply "
+#| "the password."
+msgid ""
+"If a password is set the members can still use <_:citerefentry-1/> without a "
+"password, and non-members must supply the password."
+msgstr ""
+"Если пароль не пустой, то для членов группы вызов "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry> пароля не требует, а не члены группы должны ввести пароль."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:99
+msgid "Notes about group passwords"
+msgstr "Замечания о паролях групп"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"Group passwords are an inherent security problem since more than one person "
+"is permitted to know the password. However, groups are a useful tool for "
+"permitting co-operation between different users."
+msgstr ""
+"Пароли групп имеют врождённую проблему с безопасностью, так как пароль знает "
+"более одного человека. Однако, группы являются полезным инструментом "
+"совместной работы различных пользователей."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:111
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Except for the <option>-A</option> and <option>-M</option> options, the "
+#| "options cannot be combined."
+msgid ""
+"Except for the <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options, the options cannot "
+"be combined."
+msgstr ""
+"За исключением параметров <option>-A</option> и <option>-M</option>, "
+"параметры нельзя использовать вместе."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:115
+msgid "The options cannot be combined."
+msgstr "Параметры не могут быть указаны одновременно."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124 groupmems.8.xml.out:83
+msgid "--add"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><arg><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124 gpasswd.1.xml.out:128 gpasswd.1.xml.out:137
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:141 gpasswd.1.xml.out:205 gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+#: groups.1.xml.out:48 groups.1.xml.out:59
+msgid "user"
+msgstr "имя"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:127
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the <replaceable>user</replaceable> to the named <replaceable>group</"
+#| "replaceable>."
+msgid "Add the <_:replaceable-1/> to the named <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Добавить <replaceable>пользователя</replaceable> в указанную "
+"<replaceable>группу</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:137 groupmems.8.xml.out:94 passwd.1.xml.out:168
+msgid "--delete"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:140
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Remove the <replaceable>user</replaceable> from the named "
+#| "<replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+msgid "Remove the <_:replaceable-1/> from the named <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Удалить <replaceable>пользователя</replaceable> из указанной "
+"<replaceable>группы</replaceable>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-Q"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:173
+msgid "--remove-password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:176
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Remove the password from the named <replaceable>group</replaceable>. The "
+#| "group password will be empty. Only group members will be allowed to use "
+#| "<command>newgrp</command> to join the named <replaceable>group</"
+#| "replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Remove the password from the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password "
+"will be empty. Only group members will be allowed to use <_:command-2/> to "
+"join the named <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Удалить пароль указанной <replaceable>группы</replaceable>. Пароль группы "
+"будет пустым. Только члены группы смогут использовать <command>newgrp</"
+"command> для входа в указанную <replaceable>группу</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:189
+msgid "--restrict"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:192
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Restrict the access to the named <replaceable>group</replaceable>. The "
+#| "group password is set to \"!\". Only group members with a password will "
+#| "be allowed to use <command>newgrp</command> to join the named "
+#| "<replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Restrict the access to the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password is "
+"set to \"!\". Only group members with a password will be allowed to use <_:"
+"command-2/> to join the named <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ограничить доступ к указанной <replaceable>группе</replaceable>. Пароль "
+"группы становится равным «!». Только члены группы имеющие пароль смогут "
+"использовать <command>newgrp</command> для входа в указанную "
+"<replaceable>группу</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "--administrators"
+msgstr "администраторы"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:204 gpasswd.1.xml.out:216
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>,..."
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:208
+msgid "Set the list of administrative users."
+msgstr "Задать список администраторов группы."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "members"
+msgid "--members"
+msgstr "члены"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:220
+msgid "Set the list of group members."
+msgstr "Задать список членов группы."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:232
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files."
+msgstr "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:234
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "file"
+msgid "file."
+msgstr "файл"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:230
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This tool only operates on the <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase "
+#| "condition=\"gshadow\"> and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files.</"
+#| "phrase><phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">file.</phrase> Thus you cannot "
+#| "change any NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the corresponding "
+#| "server."
+msgid ""
+"This tool only operates on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> "
+"Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+"Данная утилита работает только с файлом <filename>/etc/group</filename> "
+"<phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> и <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>.</"
+"phrase><phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">.</phrase> Она не может изменить "
+"группу NIS или LDAP, это нужно делать на соответствующем сервере."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:283 groupadd.8.xml.out:357 groupdel.8.xml.out:34
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:41 groupdel.8.xml.out:47 groupdel.8.xml.out:57
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:66 groupdel.8.xml.out:165 groupmems.8.xml.out:221
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:341 login.defs.5.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:893
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:328 usermod.8.xml.out:623
+msgid "groupdel"
+msgstr "groupdel"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:286 groupadd.8.xml.out:360 groupdel.8.xml.out:220
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:34 groupmod.8.xml.out:41 groupmod.8.xml.out:47
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:58 groupmod.8.xml.out:67 groupmod.8.xml.out:256
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:107 grpck.8.xml.out:283 login.defs.5.xml.out:311
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:896 userdel.8.xml.out:331 usermod.8.xml.out:626
+msgid "groupmod"
+msgstr "groupmod"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:289 grpck.8.xml.out:33 grpck.8.xml.out:40
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:46 grpck.8.xml.out:60 grpck.8.xml.out:116
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:128 grpck.8.xml.out:141 grpck.8.xml.out:184
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:234 gshadow.5.xml.out:159 login.defs.5.xml.out:318
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:339 pwconv.8.xml.out:198 pwconv.8.xml.out:242
+msgid "grpck"
+msgstr "grpck"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:295 grpck.8.xml.out:95 grpck.8.xml.out:287
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:22 gshadow.5.xml.out:29 newgrp.1.xml.out:148
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:114 pwconv.8.xml.out:115 pwconv.8.xml.out:121
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:122 sg.1.xml.out:137 vipw.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "gshadow"
+msgstr "gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:293 newgrp.1.xml.out:146 sg.1.xml.out:135
+msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:275 newgrp.1.xml.out:128 sg.1.xml.out:117
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/><_:phrase-7/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:44
+msgid "create a new group"
+msgstr "создаёт новую группу"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:54 groupadd.8.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "NEWGROUP"
+msgstr "ГРУППА"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupadd</command> command creates a new group account using "
+#| "the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the "
+#| "system. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates a new group account using the values "
+"specified on the command line plus the default values from the system. The "
+"new group will be entered into the system files as needed."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>groupadd</command> создаёт новую группу согласно "
+"указанным значениям командной строки и системным значениям по умолчанию. "
+"Новая группа будет добавлена в системные файлы."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:66
+msgid ""
+"Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, "
+"underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not "
+"allowed at the beginning of the groupname. Fully numeric groupnames and "
+"groupnames . or .. are also disallowed."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgid "Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgstr "Имена пользователей могут быть длиной не более 32 знаков."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option>
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:94 groupadd.8.xml.out:95 groupadd.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:236 groupmems.8.xml.out:110 groupmod.8.xml.out:82
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:136 groupmod.8.xml.out:201 useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230 useradd.8.xml.out:264 useradd.8.xml.out:391
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:396 useradd.8.xml.out:557 useradd.8.xml.out:639
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:174 vipw.8.xml.out:90
+msgid "-g"
+msgstr "-g"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:91
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the "
+#| "specified group already exists. When used with <option>-g</option>, and "
+#| "the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. "
+#| "<option>-g</option> is turned off)."
+msgid ""
+"This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the "
+"specified group already exists. When used with <_:option-1/>, and the "
+"specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. <_:"
+"option-2/> is turned off)."
+msgstr ""
+"Завершить работу и вернуть состояние успешного выполнения, если группа уже "
+"существует. Если используется вместе с параметром <option>-g</option> и "
+"указанный GID уже существует, то выбирается другой (уникальный) GID (то есть "
+"параметр <option>-g</option> игнорируется)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:82 useradd.8.xml.out:230
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639 usermod.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "--gid"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102 groupadd.8.xml.out:105 groupadd.8.xml.out:151
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73 groupmod.8.xml.out:82 groupmod.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:91 groupmod.8.xml.out:137 newusers.8.xml.out:300
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:469
+msgid "GID"
+msgstr "GID"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:108 groupadd.8.xml.out:134 groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:195 groupmod.8.xml.out:107
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+msgid "GID_MIN"
+msgstr "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:105
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The numerical value of the group's ID. This value must be unique, unless "
+#| "the <option>-o</option> option is used. The value must be non-negative. "
+#| "The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to "
+#| "<option>GID_MIN</option> and greater than every other group."
+msgid ""
+"The numerical value of the group's ID. <_:replaceable-1/> must be unique, "
+"unless the <_:option-2/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The "
+"default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-3/"
+"> and greater than every other group."
+msgstr ""
+"Числовое значение идентификатора группы (ID). Оно должно быть уникальным, "
+"если не используется параметр <option>-o</option>. Значение должно быть "
+"неотрицательным. По умолчанию используется наименьшее значение ID большее "
+"или равное <option>GID_MIN</option> и большее чем у остальных групп."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:113 groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:195 groupmod.8.xml.out:107
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+msgid "GID_MAX"
+msgstr "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:111 useradd.8.xml.out:541
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "See also the <option>-r</option> option and the <option>UID_MAX</option> "
+#| "description."
+msgid "See also the <_:option-1/> option and the <_:option-2/> description."
+msgstr ""
+"Смотрите также описание <option>-r</option> и <option>UID_MAX</option>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 groupadd.8.xml.out:131 groupadd.8.xml.out:134
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:314 useradd.8.xml.out:317 useradd.8.xml.out:319
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-K"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "--key"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "KEY"
+msgstr "КЛЮЧ"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "VALUE"
+msgstr "ЗНАЧЕНИЕ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:124 useradd.8.xml.out:302
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>=<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX "
+#| "and others). Multiple <option>-K</option> options can be specified."
+msgid ""
+"Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others). Multiple "
+"<_:option-2/> options can be specified."
+msgstr ""
+"Изменить значения по умолчанию (GID_MIN, GID_MAX и другие), которые хранятся "
+"в файле <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>. Можно указать несколько "
+"параметров <option>-K</option>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:134 useradd.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "10"
+msgid "100"
+msgstr "10"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:321
+msgid "499"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Remove the <replaceable>user</replaceable> from the named "
+#| "<replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> <_:option-4/> "
+"<_:replaceable-5/>=<_:replaceable-6/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Удалить <replaceable>пользователя</replaceable> из указанной "
+"<replaceable>группы</replaceable>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:138 groupadd.8.xml.out:333 groupdel.8.xml.out:192
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:295 useradd.8.xml.out:853 userdel.8.xml.out:265
+msgid "10"
+msgstr "10"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:137
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#| "replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>GID_MAX</"
+#| "replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable> doesn't work yet."
+msgid ""
+"Note: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/>,<_:replaceable-4/"
+">=<_:replaceable-5/> doesn't work yet."
+msgstr ""
+"Замечание: запись вида <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+"replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>GID_MAX</"
+"replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable> пока не работает."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:145 groupmod.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:405
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "--non-unique"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:148
+msgid ""
+"permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID. As a "
+"result, for this <_:replaceable-1/>, the mapping towards group <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> may not be unique."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmems.8.xml.out:55 groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:143 login.1.xml.out:80 login.1.xml.out:88
+#: login.1.xml.out:95 login.1.xml.out:212 su.1.xml.out:207
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:237 usermod.8.xml.out:290
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:411 vipw.8.xml.out:102
+msgid "-p"
+msgstr "-p"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmod.8.xml.out:143 useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "--password"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmod.8.xml.out:143 useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+msgid "PASSWORD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:163 groupmod.8.xml.out:148 gshadow.5.xml.out:62
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:68 passwd.5.xml.out:103 passwd.5.xml.out:109
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:170 shadow.5.xml.out:88 shadow.5.xml.out:94
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:430 useradd.8.xml.out:887 usermod.8.xml.out:295
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:614
+msgid "crypt"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:164 groupadd.8.xml.out:315 groupmod.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:271 groups.1.xml.out:68 groups.1.xml.out:104
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:255 gshadow.5.xml.out:63 gshadow.5.xml.out:69
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:443 passwd.5.xml.out:104 passwd.5.xml.out:110
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:170 passwd.5.xml.out:176 pwck.8.xml.out:305
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:34 shadow.3.xml.out:217 shadow.5.xml.out:89
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:95 useradd.8.xml.out:431 useradd.8.xml.out:829
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:887 usermod.8.xml.out:296 usermod.8.xml.out:614
+msgid "3"
+msgstr "3"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:161
+msgid ""
+"defines an initial password for the group account. PASSWORD is expected to "
+"be encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:166
+msgid ""
+"Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password "
+"defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths "
+"system account file <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:173 groupmod.8.xml.out:152 useradd.8.xml.out:444
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:93 usermod.8.xml.out:299
+msgid "Note:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:172 groupmod.8.xml.out:151
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis role=\"bold\">Note:</emphasis> This option is not recommended "
+#| "because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users "
+#| "listing the processes."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> This option is not recommended because the password (or "
+"encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">Замечание:</emphasis> Этот параметр использовать не "
+"рекомендуется, так как пароль (или не шифрованный пароль) будет видим "
+"другими пользователям в списке процессов."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:177 groupmod.8.xml.out:156 useradd.8.xml.out:448
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:309
+msgid ""
+"You should make sure the password respects the system's password policy."
+msgstr ""
+"Вы должны проверить, что пароль соответствует политике системных паролей."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:185 newusers.8.xml.out:287 useradd.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "--system"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "Create a system group."
+msgstr "Создать системную группу."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:108
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+msgid "SYS_GID_MIN"
+msgstr "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "SYS_GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:191
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the "
+#| "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> range, defined "
+#| "in <filename>login.defs</filename>, instead of <option>GID_MIN</option>-"
+#| "<option>GID_MAX</option>."
+msgid ""
+"The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the <_:option-1/>-"
+"<_:option-2/> range, defined in <_:filename-3/>, instead of <_:option-4/>-<_:"
+"option-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Числовые идентификаторы для системных групп выбираются из диапазона "
+"<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option>, определённых в "
+"<filename>login.defs</filename>, а не из <option>GID_MIN</option>-"
+"<option>GID_MAX</option>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupdel.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502 userdel.8.xml.out:136 usermod.8.xml.out:341
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-P"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupdel.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502 userdel.8.xml.out:136 usermod.8.xml.out:341
+msgid "--prefix"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupadd.8.xml.out:219 groupdel.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:106 groupdel.8.xml.out:108 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:181 groupmod.8.xml.out:183 useradd.8.xml.out:502
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:507 userdel.8.xml.out:136 userdel.8.xml.out:140
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:142 usermod.8.xml.out:341 usermod.8.xml.out:346
+msgid "PREFIX_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:505
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under "
+"the directory <_:replaceable-1/>. This option does not chroot and is "
+"intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and "
+"LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host "
+"files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:229 groupadd.8.xml.out:237 groupmod.8.xml.out:194
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:202 useradd.8.xml.out:96 useradd.8.xml.out:397
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:549 useradd.8.xml.out:558 usermod.8.xml.out:238
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:405
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-U"
+msgstr "-"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><arg><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:229 groupmod.8.xml.out:194
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "--users"
+msgstr "имя"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:232 groupmod.8.xml.out:197
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Administrators can change the password or the members of the group."
+msgid "A list of usernames to add as members of the group."
+msgstr "Администраторы могут менять пароль или членство в группе."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:237 groupmod.8.xml.out:202 useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:386 useradd.8.xml.out:397 useradd.8.xml.out:558
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-N"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:238 groupmod.8.xml.out:203 login.defs.5.xml.out:448
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:97 useradd.8.xml.out:240 useradd.8.xml.out:398
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:559 userdel.8.xml.out:86 userdel.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:235 groupmod.8.xml.out:200 useradd.8.xml.out:395
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:556
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default behavior (if the <option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option>, "
+#| "and <option>-U</option> options are not specified) is defined by the "
+#| "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"The default behavior (if the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, and <_:option-3/> "
+"options are not specified) is defined by the <_:option-4/> variable in <_:"
+"filename-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Поведение по умолчанию (если не указан параметр <option>-g</option>, "
+"<option>-N</option> и <option>-U</option>) определяется переменной "
+"<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> из файла <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:286
+msgid ""
+"You may not add a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+"Нельзя добавить группу NIS или LDAP. Это необходимо делать на "
+"соответствующем сервере."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:290
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS "
+#| "or LDAP, <command>groupadd</command> will deny the group creation request."
+msgid ""
+"If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or "
+"LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the group creation request."
+msgstr ""
+"Если имя группы уже существует во внешней базе данных групп, например в NIS "
+"или LDAP, то <command>groupadd</command> не станет создавать группу."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:317 passwd.1.xml.out:463 useradd.8.xml.out:831
+msgid "invalid argument to option"
+msgstr "недопустимое значение параметра"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:321 groupmod.8.xml.out:277 grpck.8.xml.out:261
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:449 pwck.8.xml.out:311 useradd.8.xml.out:835
+msgid "4"
+msgstr "4"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:323
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "UID already in use (and no <option>-o</option>)"
+msgid "GID is already used (when called without <_:option-1/>)"
+msgstr "такой UID уже существует (и не задан параметр <option>-o</option>)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:327 groupmod.8.xml.out:289 useradd.8.xml.out:847
+msgid "9"
+msgstr "9"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:329
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "group name is already used"
+msgstr "такое имя группы уже используется"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:335 groupdel.8.xml.out:194 useradd.8.xml.out:855
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:267
+msgid "can't update group file"
+msgstr "не удалось изменить файл групп"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><command>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:369 groupdel.8.xml.out:226 groupmems.8.xml.out:227
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:350 login.defs.5.xml.out:480 useradd.8.xml.out:913
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:39 userdel.8.xml.out:46 userdel.8.xml.out:51
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:62 userdel.8.xml.out:71 userdel.8.xml.out:82
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211 userdel.8.xml.out:232 userdel.8.xml.out:283
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:298 userdel.8.xml.out:300 usermod.8.xml.out:643
+msgid "userdel"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:372 groupdel.8.xml.out:229 groupmems.8.xml.out:230
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:353 login.defs.5.xml.out:490 passwd.1.xml.out:488
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:140 pwck.8.xml.out:348 useradd.8.xml.out:916
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:345 usermod.8.xml.out:40 usermod.8.xml.out:47
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:53 usermod.8.xml.out:64 usermod.8.xml.out:72
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:263 usermod.8.xml.out:522
+msgid "usermod"
+msgstr "usermod"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:344 groupmod.8.xml.out:324
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-10/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:42
+msgid "delete a group"
+msgstr "удаляет группу"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:51 groupdel.8.xml.out:59 groupmod.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:59 groupmod.8.xml.out:86 groupmod.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:125 suauth.5.xml.out:85 suauth.5.xml.out:87
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230 useradd.8.xml.out:249 useradd.8.xml.out:392
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639 useradd.8.xml.out:648 usermod.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "GROUP"
+msgstr "ГРУППА"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupdel</command> command modifies the system account "
+#| "files, deleting all entries that refer to <replaceable>GROUP</"
+#| "replaceable>. The named group must exist."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all "
+"entries that refer to <_:replaceable-2/>. The named group must exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>groupdel</command> изменяет системные файлы учётных "
+"записей, удаляя все записи, относящиеся к <replaceable>ГРУППЕ</replaceable>. "
+"Группа с таким именем должна существовать."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"This option forces the removal of the group, even if there's some user "
+"having the group as the primary one."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:105 groupmod.8.xml.out:180 userdel.8.xml.out:139
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration "
+"files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. This option does not chroot and "
+"is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS "
+"and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host "
+"files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:122
+msgid ""
+"You may not remove the primary group of any existing user. You must remove "
+"the user before you remove the group."
+msgstr ""
+"Вы не можете удалить группу, если она является первичной для существующего "
+"пользователя. Вы должны удалить пользователя перед тем как удалять группу."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:126
+msgid ""
+"You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain "
+"owned by this group."
+msgstr ""
+"Вы должны вручную проверить все файловые системы, чтобы убедиться, что не "
+"осталось файлов, принадлежащих удалённой группе."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:180 groupmod.8.xml.out:283 passwd.1.xml.out:461
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:323 useradd.8.xml.out:841 userdel.8.xml.out:253
+msgid "6"
+msgstr "6"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:182 useradd.8.xml.out:843
+msgid "specified group doesn't exist"
+msgstr "указанная группа не существует"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "can't remove user's primary group"
+msgstr "не удалось удалить первичную пользовательскую группу"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:203 login.1.xml.out:375 shadow.5.xml.out:260
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:18
+msgid "George"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:19
+msgid "Kraft"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/lineage
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:20
+msgid "IV"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:21
+msgid "Creation, 2000"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><command>
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:37 groupmems.8.xml.out:44 groupmems.8.xml.out:50
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:63 groupmems.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:71
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:78 groupmems.8.xml.out:159 groupmems.8.xml.out:163
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:305
+msgid "groupmems"
+msgstr "groupmems"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:45
+msgid "administer members of a user's primary group"
+msgstr "управляет членами первичной группы пользователя"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:52
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-a <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:53
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-d <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-d <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-d <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:54
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-g <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-g <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-g <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:62
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupmems</command> command allows a user to administer "
+#| "their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser "
+#| "privileges. The <command>groupmems</command> utility is for systems that "
+#| "configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i.e., "
+#| "guest / guest)."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command allows a user to administer their own group "
+"membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges. The <_:"
+"command-2/> utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their "
+"own name sake primary group (i.e., guest / guest)."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>groupmems</command> позволяет пользователю управлять "
+"списком членов своей группы не имея привилегий суперпользователя. Программа "
+"<command>groupmems</command> работает в системах, где в качестве первичной "
+"группы пользователя является группа с именем совпадающим с именем "
+"пользователя (то есть, guest / guest)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Only the superuser, as administrator, can use <command>groupmems</"
+#| "command> to alter the memberships of other groups."
+msgid ""
+"Only the superuser, as administrator, can use <_:command-1/> to alter the "
+"memberships of other groups."
+msgstr ""
+"Только суперпользователь как администратор может использовать "
+"<command>groupmems</command>, чтобы изменить список членов не своей группы."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Add an user to the group membership list."
+msgid "Add a user to the group membership list."
+msgstr "Добавить нового пользователя в группу."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:86 groupmems.8.xml.out:102 groupmems.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file exist, and the group has no "
+#| "entry in the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file, a new entry will be "
+#| "created."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:filename-1/> file exist, and the group has no entry in the <_:"
+"filename-2/> file, a new entry will be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Если существует файл <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> и записи о группе нет "
+"в файле <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, то будет создана новая запись."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "Delete a user from the group membership list."
+msgstr "Удалить пользователя из группы."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:97
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file exist, the user will be "
+#| "removed from the list of members and administrators of the group."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:filename-1/> file exist, the user will be removed from the list of "
+"members and administrators of the group."
+msgstr ""
+"Если существует файл <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, то пользователь "
+"будет удалён из списка членов и администраторов группы."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110 vipw.8.xml.out:90
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group"
+msgid "--group"
+msgstr "группа"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:112
+msgid "The superuser can specify which group membership list to modify."
+msgstr ""
+"Суперпользователь может указать группу, в которой нужно изменить список "
+"членов."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "List the group membership list."
+msgstr "Показать список членов группы."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+msgid "--purge"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:132
+msgid "Purge all users from the group membership list."
+msgstr "Вычистить всех пользователей из списка членов группы."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:157
+msgid "SETUP"
+msgstr "НАСТРОЙКА"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/literal
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:160
+msgid "2710"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:161 groupmems.8.xml.out:162 groups.1.xml.out:33
+#: groups.1.xml.out:40 groups.1.xml.out:46 groups.1.xml.out:56
+msgid "groups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupmems</command> executable should be in mode "
+#| "<literal>2710</literal> as user <emphasis>root</emphasis> and in group "
+#| "<emphasis>groups</emphasis>. The system administrator can add users to "
+#| "group <emphasis>groups</emphasis> to allow or disallow them using the "
+#| "<command>groupmems</command> utility to manage their own group membership "
+#| "list."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> executable should be in mode <_:literal-2/> as user <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> and in group <_:emphasis-4/>. The system administrator can add "
+"users to group <_:emphasis-5/> to allow or disallow them using the <_:"
+"command-6/> utility to manage their own group membership list."
+msgstr ""
+"Исполняемый файл программы <command>groupmems</command> должен иметь права "
+"<literal>2710</literal>, принадлежать пользователю <emphasis>root</emphasis> "
+"и группе <emphasis>groups</emphasis>. Системный администратор может "
+"добавлять пользователей в группу <emphasis>groups</emphasis>, разрешая или "
+"запрещая им запускать программу <command>groupmems</command> для управления "
+"членством в своей группе."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><programlisting>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:167
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "\t$ groupadd -r groups\n"
+#| "\t$ chmod 2710 groupmems\n"
+#| "\t$ chown root.groups groupmems\n"
+#| "\t$ groupmems -g groups -a gk4\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid ""
+"$ groupadd -r groups $ chmod 2710 groupmems $ chown root.groups groupmems $ "
+"groupmems -g groups -a gk4"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"\t$ groupadd -r groups\n"
+"\t$ chmod 2710 groupmems\n"
+"\t$ chown root.groups groupmems\n"
+"\t$ groupmems -g groups -a gk4\n"
+"    "
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "secure group account information"
+msgstr "содержит защищаемую информацию о группах"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:42
+msgid "modify a group definition on the system"
+msgstr "изменяет определение группы в системе"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupmod</command> command modifies the definition of the "
+#| "specified <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable> by modifying the appropriate "
+#| "entry in the group database."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the definition of the specified <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <command>groupmod</command> изменяет определение указанной "
+"<replaceable>ГРУППЫ</replaceable>, изменяя соответствующую запись в базе "
+"данных групп."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73 usermod.8.xml.out:78
+msgid "--append"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If group members are specified with -U, append them to the existing member "
+"list, rather than replacing it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The group ID of the given <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable> will be "
+#| "changed to <replaceable>GID</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"The group ID of the given <_:replaceable-1/> will be changed to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Имя группы будет изменено с <replaceable>ГРУППА</replaceable> на "
+"<replaceable>GID</replaceable>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The value of <replaceable>GID</replaceable> must be a non-negative "
+#| "decimal integer. This value must be unique, unless the <option>-o</"
+#| "option> option is used."
+msgid ""
+"The value of <_:replaceable-1/> must be a non-negative decimal integer. This "
+"value must be unique, unless the <_:option-2/> option is used."
+msgstr ""
+"Десятичное значение <replaceable>GID</replaceable> должно быть "
+"неотрицательным. Это значение должно быть уникальным, если не указан "
+"параметр <option>-o</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:95
+msgid ""
+"Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to keep the group "
+"as their primary group."
+msgstr ""
+"У пользователей, которых эта группа является первичной, будет выполнено "
+"соответствующее обновление."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:99
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to "
+#| "<replaceable>GROUP</replaceable>, must have their group ID changed "
+#| "manually."
+msgid ""
+"Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>, must have their group ID changed manually."
+msgstr ""
+"У всех файлов, которые имеют ID старой группы и должны продолжать "
+"принадлежать <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable>, нужно изменить их ID вручную."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:395
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "No checks will be performed with regard to the <option>UID_MIN</option>, "
+#| "<option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>, or "
+#| "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"No checks will be performed with regard to the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, "
+"<_:option-3/>, or <_:option-4/> from <_:filename-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Никаких проверок по <option>UID_MIN</option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>, "
+"<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> или <option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> из <filename>/"
+"etc/login.defs</filename> не производится."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-n"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "--new-name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121 groupmod.8.xml.out:126
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "NEW_GROUP"
+msgstr "ГРУППА"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:124
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The name of the group will be changed from <replaceable>GROUP</"
+#| "replaceable> to <replaceable>NEW_GROUP</replaceable> name."
+msgid ""
+"The name of the group will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> name."
+msgstr ""
+"Имя группы будет изменено с <emphasis remap=\"I\">ГРУППА</emphasis> на "
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">НОВАЯ_ГРУППА</emphasis>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:135
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When used with the <option>-g</option> option, allow to change the group "
+#| "<replaceable>GID</replaceable> to a non-unique value."
+msgid ""
+"When used with the <_:option-1/> option, allow to change the group <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> to a non-unique value."
+msgstr ""
+"При использовании с параметром <option>-g</option> разрешается изменять "
+"<replaceable>GID</replaceable> группы не уникальным значением."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "The encrypted password, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:261
+msgid "E_SUCCESS: success"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:267
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "invalid command syntax"
+msgid "E_USAGE: invalid command syntax"
+msgstr "ошибка в параметрах команды"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:273
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "invalid argument to option"
+msgid "E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option"
+msgstr "недопустимое значение параметра"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:279
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use"
+msgstr "такое имя группы уже используется"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:285
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "specified group doesn't exist"
+msgid "E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn't exist"
+msgstr "указанная группа не существует"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:291
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use"
+msgstr "такое имя группы уже используется"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:297
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "can't update group file"
+msgid "E_GRP_UPDATE: can't update group file"
+msgstr "не удалось изменить файл групп"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:301
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "1"
+msgid "11"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can't setup cleanup service"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:307 useradd.8.xml.out:859 userdel.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "12"
+msgstr "12"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "E_PAM_USERNAME: can't determine your username for use with pam"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:313
+msgid "13"
+msgstr "13"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:315
+msgid ""
+"E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the "
+"PAM error message"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groups.1.xml.out:41
+msgid "display current group names"
+msgstr "показывает имена групп запустившего программу пользователя"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:55
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groups</command> command displays the current group names or "
+#| "ID values. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in <filename>/"
+#| "etc/group</filename>, the value will be displayed as the numerical group "
+#| "value. The optional <emphasis remap=\"I\">user</emphasis> parameter will "
+#| "display the groups for the named <emphasis remap=\"I\">user</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command displays the current group names or ID values. If "
+"the value does not have a corresponding entry in <_:filename-2/>, the value "
+"will be displayed as the numerical group value. The optional <_:"
+"replaceable-3/> parameter will display the groups for the named user."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <command>groups</command> показывает имена групп запустившего "
+"программу пользователя или их числовые идентификаторы (ID). Если для номера "
+"группы нет соответствующей записи в файле <filename>/etc/group</filename>, "
+"то отображается числовое значение. При указании необязательного параметра "
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">имя</emphasis> выводятся группы для учётной записи с "
+"указанным <emphasis remap=\"I\">именем</emphasis>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:68 groups.1.xml.out:104
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "initgroups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><command>
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: groups.1.xml.out:71 newgrp.1.xml.out:139 sg.1.xml.out:34 sg.1.xml.out:41
+#: sg.1.xml.out:47 sg.1.xml.out:59 sg.1.xml.out:62 sg.1.xml.out:64
+#: sg.1.xml.out:67 sg.1.xml.out:68 su.1.xml.out:421
+msgid "sg"
+msgstr "sg"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:66
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Systems which do not support concurrent group sets will have the "
+#| "information from <filename>/etc/group</filename> reported. The user must "
+#| "use <command>newgrp</command> or <command>sg</command> to change his "
+#| "current real and effective group ID."
+msgid ""
+"Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see <_:citerefentry-1/>) "
+"will have the information from <_:filename-2/> reported. The user must use "
+"<_:command-3/> or <_:command-4/> to change his current real and effective "
+"group ID."
+msgstr ""
+"В системах, не имеющих поддержки одновременного членства в нескольких "
+"группах, используется информация из файла <filename>/etc/group</filename>. "
+"Для смены своей текущей реальной или эффективной группы пользователь должен "
+"использовать команды <command>newgrp</command> или <command>sg</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:95
+msgid "getgid"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:98
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "getgroups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:101
+msgid "getuid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:90 gshadow.5.xml.out:151 pwck.8.xml.out:334
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:17 lastlog.8.xml.out:19 pwck.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "Creation, 1992"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "verify integrity of group files"
+msgstr "проверяет корректность файлов групп"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:62 grpck.8.xml.out:165 grpck.8.xml.out:185
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>grpck</command> command verifies the integrity of the groups "
+#| "information. It checks that all entries in <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#| "filename></phrase> have the proper format and contain valid data. The "
+#| "user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which "
+#| "have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the groups information. "
+"It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/> have the proper "
+"format and contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that "
+"are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>grpck</command> проверяет целостность информации о "
+"группах в системе. Проверяются формат и правильность данных всех записей в "
+"файлах <filename>/etc/group</filename> и <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>. "
+"В случае обнаружения ошибок пользователю предлагается подтвердить удаление "
+"записей, имеющих неверный формат или восстановление которых невозможно."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:69 pwck.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "Checks are made to verify that each entry has:"
+msgstr "Выполняются следующие проверки:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:73 pwck.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "the correct number of fields"
+msgstr "правильное количество полей"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "a unique and valid group name"
+msgstr "уникальность и корректность имени группы"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:81
+msgid "(<_:filename-1/> only)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:79
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "a valid user and group identifier"
+msgid "a valid group identifier <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr "корректность идентификатора пользователя и группы"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:88
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "and administrators"
+msgstr "администраторы"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:86
+msgid "a valid list of members <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "a corresponding entry in the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file "
+#| "(respectively <filename>/etc/group</filename> for the <filename>gshadow</"
+#| "filename> checks)"
+msgid ""
+"a corresponding entry in the <_:filename-1/> file (respectively <_:"
+"filename-2/> for the <_:filename-3/> checks)"
+msgstr ""
+"соответствие записи в файле <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> (и <filename>/"
+"etc/group</filename> при проверках <filename>gshadow</filename>)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:100
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal. "
+#| "If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to "
+#| "delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all "
+#| "further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated group name is "
+#| "prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All "
+#| "other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the "
+#| "<command>groupmod</command> command to correct the error."
+msgid ""
+"The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal. If "
+"an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete "
+"the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further "
+"checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for "
+"deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All other errors are "
+"warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/> command to "
+"correct the error."
+msgstr ""
+"Ошибки в количестве полей и уникальности имён групп невосстановимы. Если "
+"запись содержит неверное число полей, пользователя попросят подтвердить "
+"удаление всей строки. Если пользователь ответит отрицательно, дальнейшая "
+"проверка выполняться не будет. При ошибке повторения имени группы также "
+"возникает запрос на удаление, но в случае отказа проверка будет продолжена. "
+"Обо всех остальных ошибках выводится предупреждение и пользователю "
+"предлагается запустить команду <command>groupmod</command>, чтобы исправить "
+"ошибку."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:113 newusers.8.xml.out:67 newusers.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "файл"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:114
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files"
+msgstr "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:111
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The commands which operate on the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file "
+#| "are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <command>pwck</"
+#| "command> should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending "
+#| "entry."
+msgid ""
+"The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/><_:phrase-3/> "
+"are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-4/> should "
+"be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries."
+msgstr ""
+"Команды, которые работают с файлом <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>, не "
+"могут изменять повреждённые или дублирующиеся записи. Как раз в этом случае "
+"и нужно использовать <command>pwck</command> для удаления испорченной записи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:123 pwck.8.xml.out:154
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <option>-r</option> and <option>-s</option> options cannot be "
+#| "combined."
+msgid "The <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options cannot be combined."
+msgstr ""
+"Параметры <option>-r</option>, <option>-s</option> не могут использоваться "
+"одновременно."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 pwck.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "--read-only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:143 login.defs.5.xml.out:134 login.defs.5.xml.out:136
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:246
+msgid "no"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:140
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Execute the <command>grpck</command> command in read-only mode. This "
+#| "causes all questions regarding changes to be answered <emphasis>no</"
+#| "emphasis> without user intervention."
+msgid ""
+"Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode. This causes all "
+"questions regarding changes to be answered <_:emphasis-2/> without user "
+"intervention."
+msgstr ""
+"Запускать команду <command>grpck</command> в режиме только для чтения. При "
+"этом на все вопросы об изменениях устанавливается ответ <emphasis>нет</"
+"emphasis> и участие пользователя не требуется."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:161 pwck.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "--sort"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:163
+msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> by GID."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172 lastlog.8.xml.out:117 passwd.1.xml.out:161
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:291
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-S"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "--silence-warnings"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:178
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/gshadow"
+msgid "/etc/ghadow"
+msgstr "/etc/gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:174
+msgid ""
+"Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about "
+"inconsistency between group members listed in <_:filename-1/> and <_:"
+"filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "parameter."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:190
+msgid "and <_:emphasis-1/> parameters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"By default, <_:command-1/> operates on <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/>. The "
+"user may select alternate files with the <_:emphasis-4/> <_:phrase-5/> <_:"
+"phrase-6/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:251
+msgid "one or more bad group entries"
+msgstr "есть одна или более неправильных записей групп"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:257
+msgid "can't open group files"
+msgstr "не удалось открыть файл групп"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:263
+msgid "can't lock group files"
+msgstr "не удалось заблокировать файл групп"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:269
+msgid "can't update group files"
+msgstr "не удалось изменить файл групп"
+
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/citerefentry
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:286
+msgid "<_:refentrytitle-1/><_:manvolnum-2/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:278
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>, "
+"<_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Creation, 2005"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:30
+msgid "shadowed group file"
+msgstr "файл с защищаемой информацией о группах"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:35
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> contains the shadowed information for "
+#| "group accounts."
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> contains the shadowed information for group accounts."
+msgstr ""
+"Файл <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> содержит защищаемую информацию о "
+"группах."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:40 shadow.5.xml.out:52
+msgid ""
+"This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to "
+"be maintained."
+msgstr ""
+"Этот файл должен быть недоступен обычному пользователю, если нужно "
+"обеспечить безопасность паролей."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:45
+msgid "Each line of this file contains the following colon-separated fields:"
+msgstr ""
+"Каждая строка файла содержит поля, отделёнными друг от друга двоеточием:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:51
+msgid "group name"
+msgstr "имя группы"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:53
+msgid "It must be a valid group name, which exist on the system."
+msgstr "Должно содержать правильное имя группы, которая существует в системе."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:59 shadow.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "encrypted password"
+msgstr "шифрованный пароль"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:61 passwd.5.xml.out:102 shadow.5.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> for details on how this string is interpreted."
+msgid ""
+"Refer to <_:citerefentry-1/> for details on how this string is interpreted."
+msgstr ""
+"Подробней о пароле смотрите в справочной странице "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:66
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, for instance ! or *, users will not be able to "
+#| "use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need "
+#| "the password)."
+msgid ""
+"If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix "
+"password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)."
+msgstr ""
+"Если поле пароля содержит строку, которая не удовлетворяет требованиям "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>, например содержит ! или *, то пользователь не сможет "
+"использовать пароль unix для доступа в группу (а члену группы пароль не "
+"нужен)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:73
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The password is used when an user who is not a member of the group wants "
+#| "to gain the permissions of this group (see "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>)."
+msgid ""
+"The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to "
+"gain the permissions of this group (see <_:citerefentry-1/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Пароль используется, если пользователю, не являющему членом группы, "
+"требуются права этой группы (смотрите <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:79
+msgid ""
+"This field may be empty, in which case only the group members can gain the "
+"group permissions."
+msgstr ""
+"Это поле может быть пустым; в этом случае только члены группы могут "
+"пользоваться правами группы."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:83 shadow.5.xml.out:81
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A password field which starts with a exclamation mark means that the "
+#| "password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the "
+#| "password field before the password was locked."
+msgid ""
+"A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the "
+"password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the "
+"password field before the password was locked."
+msgstr ""
+"Поле пароля может начинаться с восклицательного знака, означающего, что "
+"пароль заблокирован. Оставшиеся символы в строке представляют поле пароля до "
+"его блокировки."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This password supersedes any password specified in <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid "This password supersedes any password specified in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Данный пароль заменяет любой пароль, указанный в файле <filename>/etc/group</"
+"filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "administrators"
+msgstr "администраторы"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:99 gshadow.5.xml.out:115
+msgid "It must be a comma-separated list of user names."
+msgstr "Список имён пользователей, перечисленных через запятую."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:102
+msgid "Administrators can change the password or the members of the group."
+msgstr "Администраторы могут менять пароль или членство в группе."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:106
+msgid ""
+"Administrators also have the same permissions as the members (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Администраторы также имеют те же права, что и члены группы (смотрите далее)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:113
+msgid "members"
+msgstr "члены"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:118
+msgid "Members can access the group without being prompted for a password."
+msgstr "Члены могут иметь доступ к группе без ввода пароля."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:122
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You should use the same list of users as in <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid "You should use the same list of users as in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Вы должны использовать тот же список пользователей что и в <filename>/etc/"
+"group</filename>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><command>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:162 login.defs.5.xml.out:324 pwconv.8.xml.out:48
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:67 pwconv.8.xml.out:113 pwconv.8.xml.out:134
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:166 pwconv.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "grpconv"
+msgstr "grpconv"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:35 lastlog.8.xml.out:42 lastlog.8.xml.out:48
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:58 lastlog.8.xml.out:70 lastlog.8.xml.out:172
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:337
+msgid "lastlog"
+msgstr "lastlog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:43
+msgid "reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user"
+msgstr ""
+"выводит отчёт о последней регистрации в системе всех или указанного "
+"пользователя"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:59 lastlog.8.xml.out:197 lastlog.8.xml.out:214
+msgid "/var/log/lastlog"
+msgstr "/var/log/lastlog"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:60
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login name"
+msgid "login-name"
+msgstr "имя пользователя для входа в систему"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:60
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "porttime"
+msgid "port"
+msgstr "porttime"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login name"
+msgid "last login time"
+msgstr "имя пользователя для входа в систему"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>lastlog</command> formats and prints the contents of the last "
+#| "login log <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file. The <emphasis>login-"
+#| "name</emphasis>, <emphasis>port</emphasis>, and <emphasis>last login "
+#| "time</emphasis> will be printed. The default (no flags) causes lastlog "
+#| "entries to be printed, sorted by their order in <filename>/etc/passwd</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> formats and prints the contents of the last login log <_:"
+"filename-2/> file. The <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/>, and <_:emphasis-5/> "
+"will be printed. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be "
+"printed, sorted by their order in <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>lastlog</command> упорядочивает и выводит содержимое "
+"файла <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename>, который содержит даты "
+"последнего входа пользователей в систему. Выводятся <emphasis>имя "
+"пользователя</emphasis>, <emphasis>порт</emphasis> и <emphasis>дата "
+"последнего входа в систему</emphasis>. По умолчанию (вызов без параметров) "
+"показываются записи файла lastlog, отсортированные согласно расположению "
+"пользователей в файле <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75 useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:592
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-b"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "--before"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:78
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Print only lastlog records older than <emphasis remap=\"I\">DAYS</"
+#| "emphasis>."
+msgid "Print only lastlog records older than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Показать записи lastlog за последние <emphasis remap=\"I\">ДНЕЙ</emphasis>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-C"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "--clear"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:88
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-d</option> (or "
+#| "<option>--home</option>) option."
+msgid ""
+"Clear lastlog record of a user. This option can be used only together with "
+"<_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+msgstr ""
+"Этот параметр можно использовать только с параметром <option>-d</option> "
+"(или <option>--home</option>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:117
+msgid "--set"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:120
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-d</option> (or "
+#| "<option>--home</option>) option."
+msgid ""
+"Set lastlog record of a user to the current time. This option can be used "
+"only together with <_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+msgstr ""
+"Этот параметр можно использовать только с параметром <option>-d</option> "
+"(или <option>--home</option>)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:131
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Print the lastlog records more recent than <emphasis remap=\"I\">DAYS</"
+#| "emphasis>."
+msgid "Print the lastlog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Показать записи lastlog новее чем <emphasis remap=\"I\">ДНЕЙ</emphasis>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:142
+msgid "Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s)."
+msgstr "Показать запись lastlog только для указанного пользователя(ей)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:158
+msgid "** Never logged in**"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:157
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the user has never logged in the message <emphasis>** Never logged "
+#| "in**</emphasis> will be displayed instead of the port and time."
+msgid ""
+"If the user has never logged in the message <_:emphasis-1/> will be "
+"displayed instead of the port and time."
+msgstr ""
+"Если пользователь никогда не регистрировался в системе, то будет показано "
+"сообщение <emphasis>** Никогда не входил в систему**</emphasis> вместо "
+"названия порта и даты."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:162
+msgid ""
+"Only the entries for the current users of the system will be displayed. "
+"Other entries may exist for users that were deleted previously."
+msgstr ""
+"Будут показаны записи только для пользователей, имеющих в системе данный "
+"момент. В журнале могут существовать записи для удалённых ранее "
+"пользователей."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:175
+msgid "ls -l"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "ls -s"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:171
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <filename>lastlog</filename> file is a database which contains info "
+#| "on the last login of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse "
+#| "file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown "
+#| "by \"<command>ls -l</command>\" (which can indicate a really big file if "
+#| "you have in <filename>passwd</filename> users with a high UID). You can "
+#| "display its real size with \"<command>ls -s</command>\"."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:filename-1/> file is a database which contains info on the last login "
+"of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse file, so its size on "
+"the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by \"<_:command-2/"
+">\" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in <_:filename-3/> "
+"users with a high UID). You can display its real size with \"<_:command-4/"
+">\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Файл <filename>lastlog</filename> содержит информацию о последней "
+"регистрации в системе каждого пользователя. Вы не должны применять к нему "
+"ротацию журнальных файлов. Этот файл является разреженным, поэтому его "
+"размер на диске гораздо меньше, чем показывает команда «<command>ls -l</"
+"command>» (которая может показывать, что это очень большой файл, если "
+"значения идентификаторов пользователей в системе достигают больших "
+"значений). Чтобы увидеть реальный размер введите «<command>ls -s</command>»."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "Database times of previous user logins."
+msgstr "содержит список завершённых сеансов работы с системой"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"Large gaps in UID numbers will cause the lastlog program to run longer with "
+"no output to the screen (i.e. if in lastlog database there is no entries for "
+"users with UID between 170 and 800 lastlog will appear to hang as it "
+"processes entries with UIDs 171-799)."
+msgstr ""
+"Большие промежутки в значениях идентификаторов пользователей приводят к "
+"тому, что программа некоторое время ничего не выводит на экран (то есть, "
+"если в базе данных lastlog нет пользователей с идентификаторами с 170 по "
+"800, то во время обработки UID с 171 по 799 программа кажется повисшей)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:213
+msgid ""
+"Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the <_:term-1/> with "
+"external tools. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much "
+"space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by "
+"default and may require a specific option to handle them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: limits.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Luca"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: limits.5.xml.out:18
+msgid "Berra"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: limits.5.xml.out:19 vipw.8.xml.out:19
+msgid "Creation, 1997"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:35 limits.5.xml.out:42 limits.5.xml.out:50
+msgid "limits"
+msgstr "limits"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: limits.5.xml.out:43
+msgid "resource limits definition"
+msgstr "файл контроля ресурсов"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: limits.5.xml.out:51 limits.5.xml.out:175
+msgid "/etc/limits"
+msgstr "/etc/limits"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: limits.5.xml.out:52
+msgid "config.h"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:49
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis remap=\"I\">limits</emphasis> file (<filename>/etc/limits</"
+#| "filename> by default or LIMITS_FILE defined <filename>config.h</"
+#| "filename>) describes the resource limits you wish to impose. It should be "
+#| "owned by root and readable by root account only."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> file (<_:filename-2/> by default or LIMITS_FILE defined "
+"<_:filename-3/>) describes the resource limits you wish to impose. It should "
+"be owned by root and readable by root account only."
+msgstr ""
+"В файле <emphasis remap=\"I\">limits</emphasis> (по умолчанию <filename>/etc/"
+"limits</filename> или определяется значением LIMITS_FILE в файле "
+"<filename>config.h</filename>) описываются ограничения, которые можно "
+"изменять. Этот файл должен принадлежать суперпользователю и право на чтение "
+"должно быть только у суперпользователя."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"By default no quota is imposed on 'root'. In fact, there is no way to impose "
+"limits via this procedure to root-equiv accounts (accounts with UID 0)."
+msgstr ""
+"По умолчанию учётная запись «root» ничем не ограничена. Фактически, никак "
+"нельзя установить ограничения с помощью этой процедуры на учётные записи, "
+"имеющие права суперпользователя (учётные записи с UID равным 0)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:"
+msgstr "Каждая строка описывает ограничение для одного пользователя имеет вид:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "user LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "user СТРОКА_ОГРАНИЧЕНИЙ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:69
+msgid "or in the form:"
+msgstr "или в виде:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "@group LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "@group СТРОКА_ОГРАНИЧЕНИЙ"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:76 limits.5.xml.out:112
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user LIMITS_STRING"
+msgid "LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "user СТРОКА_ОГРАНИЧЕНИЙ"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis>LIMITS_STRING</emphasis> is a string of a concatenated list "
+#| "of resource limits. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed "
+#| "by a numerical limit."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits. "
+"Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis>СТРОКА_ОГРАНИЧЕНИЙ</emphasis> — это строка, в которой указаны "
+"сразу несколько ограничений. Каждое ограничение состоит из буквенного "
+"идентификатора и числового значения."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "The valid identifiers are:"
+msgstr "Допустимые идентификаторы:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:84
+msgid "A: max address space (KB)"
+msgstr "A: максимальное адресное пространство (КБ)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "C: max core file size (KB)"
+msgstr "C: максимальный размер файла core (КБ)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:86
+msgid "D: max data size (KB)"
+msgstr "D: максимальный размер данных (КБ)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "F: maximum filesize (KB)"
+msgid "F: maximum file size (KB)"
+msgstr "F: максимальный размер файла (КБ)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:90
+msgid "umask"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:88
+msgid "K: file creation mask, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:93
+msgid "I: max nice value (0..39 which translates to 20..-19)"
+msgstr ""
+"I: максимальное значение уступчивости (nice) (0..39, преобразуемые в 20..-19)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:95
+msgid "L: max number of logins for this user"
+msgstr ""
+"L: максимальное число возможных регистраций в системе этого пользователя"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:96
+msgid "M: max locked-in-memory address space (KB)"
+msgstr "M: максимальное синхронизируемое адресное пространство памяти (КБ)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "N: max number of open files"
+msgstr "N: максимальное число открытых файлов"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:98
+msgid "O: max real time priority"
+msgstr "O: максимальный приоритет реального времени"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:101 limits.5.xml.out:188
+msgid "setpriority"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:99
+msgid "P: process priority, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:104
+msgid "R: max resident set size (KB)"
+msgstr "R: максимальный размер резидентного сегмента (КБ)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:105
+msgid "S: max stack size (KB)"
+msgstr "S: максимальный размер стека (КБ)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:106
+msgid "T: max CPU time (MIN)"
+msgstr "T: максимальное время использования процессора (минут)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:107
+msgid "U: max number of processes"
+msgstr "U: максимальное число процессов"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:111
+msgid "L2D2048N5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:110
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For example, <emphasis remap=\"I\">L2D2048N5</emphasis> is a valid "
+#| "<emphasis>LIMITS_STRING</emphasis>. For reading convenience, the "
+#| "following entries are equivalent:"
+msgid ""
+"For example, <_:emphasis-1/> is a valid <_:emphasis-2/>. For reading "
+"convenience, the following entries are equivalent:"
+msgstr ""
+"Например, значение <emphasis remap=\"I\">L2D2048N5</emphasis> допустимо для "
+"<emphasis>СТРОКИ_ОГРАНИЧЕНИЙ</emphasis>. Для удобства чтения, следующие "
+"записи эквивалентны:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: limits.5.xml.out:116
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      username L2D2048N5\n"
+#| "      username L2 D2048 N5\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "username L2D2048N5 username L2 D2048 N5"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      username L2D2048N5\n"
+"      username L2 D2048 N5\n"
+"    "
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><arg><arg><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: limits.5.xml.out:122 login.1.xml.out:83 login.1.xml.out:91
+#: login.1.xml.out:197 su.1.xml.out:70 su.1.xml.out:82 su.1.xml.out:95
+#: su.1.xml.out:153 su.1.xml.out:155 useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid "username"
+msgstr "имя_пользователя"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:121
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Be aware that after <emphasis remap=\"I\">username</emphasis> the rest of "
+#| "the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed. A "
+#| "invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the "
+#| "<command>login</command> program."
+msgid ""
+"Be aware that after <_:emphasis-1/> the rest of the line is considered a "
+"limit string, thus comments are not allowed. An invalid limits string will "
+"be rejected (not considered) by the <_:command-2/> program."
+msgstr ""
+"Заметим, что после <emphasis remap=\"I\">username</emphasis> оставшаяся "
+"часть строки считается строкой ограничений, поэтому комментарии недопустимы. "
+"Неправильная строка ограничений будет отброшена (не учтена) программой "
+"<command>login</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:129
+msgid "*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:130
+msgid "default"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:131
+msgid "LIMITS_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default entry is denoted by username \"<emphasis>*</emphasis>\". If "
+#| "you have multiple <emphasis remap=\"I\">default</emphasis> entries in "
+#| "your <emphasis>LIMITS_FILE</emphasis>, then the last one will be used as "
+#| "the default entry."
+msgid ""
+"The default entry is denoted by username \"<_:emphasis-1/>\". If you have "
+"multiple <_:emphasis-2/> entries in your <_:emphasis-3/>, then the last one "
+"will be used as the default entry."
+msgstr ""
+"Запись по умолчанию выглядит как username \"<emphasis>*</emphasis>\". Если у "
+"вас есть несколько записей <emphasis remap=\"I\">по умолчанию</emphasis> в "
+"файле <emphasis>LIMITS_FILE</emphasis>, то будет использоваться последняя."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: limits.5.xml.out:136 limits.5.xml.out:148
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group"
+msgid "@group"
+msgstr "группа"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:135
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The limits specified in the form \"<replaceable>@group</replaceable>\" "
+#| "apply to the members of the specified <replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"The limits specified in the form \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" apply to the members "
+"of the specified <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ограничения, задаваемые в виде «<replaceable>@group</replaceable>», "
+"применяются к членам указанной группы <replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:141
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If more than one line with limits for an user exist, only the first line "
+#| "for this user will be considered."
+msgid ""
+"If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for "
+"this user will be considered."
+msgstr ""
+"Если для пользователя есть более одной строки ограничений, то учитывается "
+"только первая строка."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:146
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If no lines are specified for an user, the last <replaceable>@group</"
+#| "replaceable> line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be "
+#| "considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the "
+#| "user."
+msgid ""
+"If no lines are specified for a user, the last <_:replaceable-1/> line "
+"matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the "
+"last line with default limits if no groups contain the user."
+msgstr ""
+"Если для пользователя не указано ни одной строки, то учитывается последняя "
+"строка <replaceable>@group</replaceable> с группой, в которую входит "
+"пользователь, или последняя строка с ограничениями по умолчанию, если не "
+"указано групп, в которые входит пользователь."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: limits.5.xml.out:155 limits.5.xml.out:160 login.access.5.xml.out:72
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:47 newgrp.1.xml.out:56 sg.1.xml.out:48 su.1.xml.out:67
+#: su.1.xml.out:84 su.1.xml.out:93 su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:152
+msgid "-"
+msgstr "-"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:153
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash \"<emphasis>-</"
+#| "emphasis>\" will do."
+msgid ""
+"To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" "
+"will do."
+msgstr ""
+"Чтобы полностью снять ограничения с пользователя, используется одиночное "
+"тире «<emphasis>-</emphasis>»."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "To disable a limit for a user, a single dash \"<replaceable>-</"
+#| "replaceable>\" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit."
+msgid ""
+"To disable a limit for a user, a single dash \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" can be "
+"used instead of the numerical value for this limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Чтобы снять ограничение с пользователя, вместо числового значения "
+"ограничения можно использовать одиночное тире «<emphasis>-</emphasis>»."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:164
+msgid ""
+"Also, please note that all limit settings are set PER LOGIN. They are not "
+"global, nor are they permanent. Perhaps global limits will come, but for now "
+"this will have to do ;)"
+msgstr ""
+"Также заметьте, что все настройки ограничений делаются ДЛЯ КОНКРЕТНОЙ "
+"УЧЁТНОЙ ЗАПИСИ. Они не являются глобальными и не постоянны. Возможно "
+"глобальные ограничения и появятся, но пока это только в планах ;)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:191
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/limits"
+msgid "setrlimit"
+msgstr "/etc/limits"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "begin session on the system"
+msgstr "начинает сеанс в системе"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><arg><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: login.1.xml.out:81 login.1.xml.out:89 login.1.xml.out:96
+msgid "host"
+msgstr "узел"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: login.1.xml.out:81 login.1.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-h <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-h <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-h <placeholder-1/>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><arg><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: login.1.xml.out:84
+msgid "ENV=VAR"
+msgstr "ПЕРЕМЕННАЯ_ОКРУЖЕНИЯ=ЗНАЧЕНИЕ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: login.1.xml.out:96
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-r <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-r <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-r <placeholder-1/>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:105
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "login:"
+msgstr "login"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:109
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "exec login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:102
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>login</command> program is used to establish a new session "
+#| "with the system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to "
+#| "the <emphasis remap=\"I\">login:</emphasis> prompt on the user's "
+#| "terminal. <command>login</command> may be special to the shell and may "
+#| "not be invoked as a sub-process. When called from a shell, "
+#| "<command>login</command> should be executed as <emphasis remap=\"B\">exec "
+#| "login</emphasis> which will cause the user to exit from the current shell "
+#| "(and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of "
+#| "the caller). Attempting to execute <command>login</command> from any "
+#| "shell but the login shell will produce an error message."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program is used to establish a new session with the "
+"system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> prompt on the user's terminal. <_:command-3/> may be special to "
+"the shell and may not be invoked as a sub-process. When called from a shell, "
+"<_:command-4/> should be executed as <_:emphasis-5/> which will cause the "
+"user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in "
+"user to return to the session of the caller). Attempting to execute <_:"
+"command-6/> from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>login</command> используется для запуска нового сеанса в "
+"системе. Как правило, эта программа вызывается автоматически и выводит "
+"приглашение <emphasis remap=\"I\">login:</emphasis> на терминал "
+"пользователя. Программа <command>login</command> может восприниматься "
+"оболочкой командной строки не как простая программа и вызываться не как "
+"подпроцесс. При вызове из оболочки <command>login</command> должна "
+"запускаться посредством вызова <emphasis remap=\"B\">exec login</emphasis>, "
+"что приводит к завершению работы пользователя в текущей оболочке (и, таким "
+"образом, вновь входящий в систему пользователь не попадёт в сеанс "
+"вызвавшего). Попытка запустить <command>login</command> из любой оболочки, "
+"отличной от регистрационной, приводит к сообщению об ошибке."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:116
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is "
+#| "disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of "
+#| "password failures are permitted before <command>login</command> exits and "
+#| "the communications link is severed."
+msgid ""
+"The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is "
+"disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of password "
+"failures are permitted before <_:command-1/> exits and the communications "
+"link is severed."
+msgstr ""
+"В какой-то момент пользователя попросят ввести свой пароль. Чтобы не "
+"допустить раскрытия, символы при вводе пароля не отображаются. Разрешено "
+"очень маленькое количество попыток ввода неправильного пароля, перед тем как "
+"<command>login</command> закончит работу и прервёт подключение."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:123
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted "
+#| "for a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to provide your "
+#| "old password and the new password before continuing. Please refer to "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for "
+"a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to provide your old "
+"password and the new password before continuing. Please refer to <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"Если включён механизм устаревания пароля учётной записи, то перед входом в "
+"систему может потребоваться смена пароля. Для этого нужно ввести старый "
+"пароль и новый пароль. Подробней об этом написано в "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:135 login.1.xml.out:341
+msgid "/etc/motd"
+msgstr "/etc/motd"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:136
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+msgid ".hushlogin"
+msgstr "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:137
+msgid "You have new mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:138
+msgid "You have mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:139
+msgid "No Mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:132
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and "
+#| "the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of the system message "
+#| "file, <filename>/etc/motd</filename>, by creating a zero-length file "
+#| "<filename>.hushlogin</filename> in your login directory. The mail message "
+#| "will be one of \"<emphasis>You have new mail.</emphasis>\", "
+#| "\"<emphasis>You have mail.</emphasis>\", or \"<emphasis>No Mail.</"
+#| "emphasis>\" according to the condition of your mailbox."
+msgid ""
+"After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and "
+"the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of the system message "
+"file, <_:filename-1/>, by creating a zero-length file <_:filename-2/> in "
+"your login directory. The mail message will be one of \"<_:emphasis-3/>\", "
+"\"<_:emphasis-4/>\", or \"<_:emphasis-5/>\" according to the condition of "
+"your mailbox."
+msgstr ""
+"После успешного входа в систему, будут показаны сообщения от системы и о "
+"наличии почты. Можно отключить вывод файла системных сообщений из файла "
+"<filename>/etc/motd</filename>, создав в домашнем каталоге файл нулевой "
+"длины с именем <filename>.hushlogin</filename>. Сообщение о наличии почты "
+"может быть одним из: «<emphasis>У вас есть новая почта.</emphasis>», "
+"«<emphasis>У вас есть почта.</emphasis>» или «<emphasis>У вас нет почты.</"
+"emphasis>», в зависимости от наполненности почтового ящика."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 passwd.5.xml.out:126 su.1.xml.out:247
+msgid "$HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 passwd.5.xml.out:133 su.1.xml.out:179 su.1.xml.out:199
+#: su.1.xml.out:247
+msgid "$SHELL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#. (itstool) path: term/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 su.1.xml.out:105 su.1.xml.out:215 su.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "$PATH"
+msgstr "$PATH"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:147 su.1.xml.out:248
+msgid "$LOGNAME"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:147 su.1.xml.out:275
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgid "$MAIL"
+msgstr "MAIL_DIR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:143
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the "
+#| "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file. The value for <envar>$HOME</"
+#| "envar>, <envar>$SHELL</envar>, <envar>$PATH</envar>, <envar>$LOGNAME</"
+#| "envar>, and <envar>$MAIL</envar> are set according to the appropriate "
+#| "fields in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be "
+#| "set according to entries in the GECOS field."
+msgid ""
+"Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the <_:"
+"filename-1/> file. The value for <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, "
+"<_:envar-5/>, and <_:envar-6/> are set according to the appropriate fields "
+"in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set "
+"according to entries in the GECOS field."
+msgstr ""
+"Значение идентификатора учётной записи и группы будет взято из файла "
+"<filename>/etc/passwd</filename>. Значения переменных <envar>$HOME</envar>, "
+"<envar>$SHELL</envar>, <envar>$PATH</envar>, <envar>$LOGNAME</envar> и "
+"<envar>$MAIL</envar> устанавливаются согласно соответствующим полям учётной "
+"записи пользователя. Также могут быть установлены значения ulimit, umask и "
+"nice из поля GECOS."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:154 su.1.xml.out:264
+msgid "$TERM"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:155 login.1.xml.out:353
+msgid "/etc/ttytype"
+msgstr "/etc/ttytype"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "On some installations, the environmental variable <envar>$TERM</envar> "
+#| "will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified "
+#| "in <filename>/etc/ttytype</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"On some installations, the environmental variable <_:envar-1/> will be "
+"initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in <_:"
+"filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"В некоторых системах переменной окружения <envar>$TERM</envar> будет "
+"присвоен тип терминала линии tty, согласно данным из файла <filename>/etc/"
+"ttytype</filename>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"An initialization script for your command interpreter may also be executed. "
+"Please see the appropriate manual section for more information on this "
+"function."
+msgstr ""
+"Также может быть выполнен сценарий инициализации пользовательского "
+"интерпретатора команд. Подробней об этой функции смотрите соответствующую "
+"справочную страницу."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:164 su.1.xml.out:112
+msgid ""
+"A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a \"*\" as the first "
+"character of the login shell. The given home directory will be used as the "
+"root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into."
+msgstr ""
+"Субсистемный вход в систему можно распознать по наличию символа «*» в начале "
+"регистрационной оболочки. Заданный домашний каталог будет использован как "
+"корень новой файловой системы, в которой регистрируется пользователь."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:173 login.1.xml.out:249 login.1.xml.out:401
+msgid "getty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:175 login.1.xml.out:251
+msgid "init"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:178 login.1.xml.out:254
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:170 login.1.xml.out:246
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>login</command> program is NOT responsible for removing "
+#| "users from the utmp file. It is the responsibility of "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to clean up "
+#| "apparent ownership of a terminal session. If you use <command>login</"
+#| "command> from the shell prompt without <command>exec</command>, the user "
+#| "you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of "
+#| "the \"subsession\"."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program is NOT responsible for removing users from the "
+"utmp file. It is the responsibility of <_:citerefentry-2/> and <_:"
+"citerefentry-3/> to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session. If "
+"you use <_:command-4/> from the shell prompt without <_:command-5/>, the "
+"user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out "
+"of the \"subsession\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>login</command> НЕ удаляет записи о пользователях из "
+"файла utmp. Эта задача программ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> и "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry> — удалять записи о владельце терминального сеанса. Если "
+"<command>login</command> запускается из командной строки без <command>exec</"
+"command>, то пользователь продолжает находиться в системе даже после "
+"завершения работы в «порождённом сеансе»."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:193
+msgid "Do not perform authentication, user is preauthenticated."
+msgstr "Не выполнять аутентификацию, пользователь уже прошёл проверку."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:196
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: In that case, <replaceable>username</replaceable> is mandatory."
+msgid "Note: In that case, <_:replaceable-1/> is mandatory."
+msgstr ""
+"Замечание: в этом случае <replaceable>имя_пользователя</replaceable> "
+"обязательно."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:207
+msgid "Name of the remote host for this login."
+msgstr "Имя удалённого узла, на который нужно войти."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:215
+msgid "Preserve environment."
+msgstr "Сохранить окружение."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:223
+msgid "Perform autologin protocol for rlogin."
+msgstr "Выполнить протокол autologin для rlogin."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:228
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> and <option>-f</option> "
+#| "options are only used when <command>login</command> is invoked by root."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> options are only used "
+"when <_:command-4/> is invoked by root."
+msgstr ""
+"Параметры <option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> и <option>-f</option> "
+"используются только если <command>login</command> запускается "
+"суперпользователем."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:237 su.1.xml.out:307
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This version of <command>su</command> has many compilation options, only "
+#| "some of which may be in use at any particular site."
+msgid ""
+"This version of <_:command-1/> has many compilation options, only some of "
+"which may be in use at any particular site."
+msgstr ""
+"Данная версия программы <command>su</command> может быть собрана с разными "
+"параметрами и только некоторые из них смогут быть использованы на любой "
+"машине."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:242
+msgid ""
+"The location of files is subject to differences in system configuration."
+msgstr "Расположение файлов может отличаться на разных системах."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:258
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As with any program, <command>login</command>'s appearance can be faked. "
+#| "If non-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could "
+#| "use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front "
+#| "of the machine. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to "
+#| "initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack."
+msgid ""
+"As with any program, <_:command-1/>'s appearance can be faked. If non-"
+"trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this "
+"to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the "
+"machine. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a "
+"trusted path and prevent this kind of attack."
+msgstr ""
+"Как и для любой программы, запуск <command>login</command> может быть "
+"подделан. Если неуполномоченные пользователи имеют физический доступ к "
+"машине, то атакующий может использовать это для получения пароля следующего "
+"человека, который будет работать за машиной. Под Linux пользователи могут "
+"использовать механизм SAK для установления достоверного пути и таким образом "
+"предотвращения атаки."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:317 logoutd.8.xml.out:56 logoutd.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "/var/run/utmp"
+msgstr "/var/run/utmp"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:319 logoutd.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "List of current login sessions."
+msgstr "содержит список работающих сеансов в системе"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:323
+msgid "/var/log/wtmp"
+msgstr "/var/log/wtmp"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:325
+msgid "List of previous login sessions."
+msgstr "содержит список завершённых сеансов работы с системой"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:343
+msgid "System message of the day file."
+msgstr "содержит системные сообщения за день"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:347
+msgid "/etc/nologin"
+msgstr "/etc/nologin"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:349
+msgid "Prevent non-root users from logging in."
+msgstr ""
+"при существовании файла блокируется доступ в систему обычным пользователям"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:355
+msgid "List of terminal types."
+msgstr "содержит список типов терминалов"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:359
+msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+msgstr "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:361
+msgid "Suppress printing of system messages."
+msgstr ""
+"при существовании файла системные сообщения при входе в систему не выводятся"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:377
+msgid "mail"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:383 su.1.xml.out:424
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "chsh"
+msgid "sh"
+msgstr "chsh"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:386 login.defs.5.xml.out:436 login.defs.5.xml.out:520
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:536 newgrp.1.xml.out:136 passwd.5.xml.out:197
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:283 sg.1.xml.out:128 su.1.xml.out:50 su.1.xml.out:57
+#: su.1.xml.out:62 su.1.xml.out:81 su.1.xml.out:83 su.1.xml.out:121
+#: su.1.xml.out:201 su.1.xml.out:239 su.1.xml.out:308 su.1.xml.out:368
+#: su.1.xml.out:372 su.1.xml.out:377 su.1.xml.out:381 suauth.5.xml.out:201
+msgid "su"
+msgstr "su"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><command>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:392 nologin.8.xml.out:22 nologin.8.xml.out:29
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:35 nologin.8.xml.out:42 nologin.8.xml.out:48
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:63 nologin.8.xml.out:71
+msgid "nologin"
+msgstr "nologin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:398
+msgid "securetty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:16 pwconv.8.xml.out:21 suauth.5.xml.out:15
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:17
+msgid "Marek"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:17 pwconv.8.xml.out:22 suauth.5.xml.out:16
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:18
+msgid "Michałkiewicz"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:34 login.access.5.xml.out:41
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:48 login.access.5.xml.out:54
+msgid "login.access"
+msgstr "login.access"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:42
+msgid "login access control table"
+msgstr "файл контроля доступа в систему"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:47
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis remap=\"I\">login.access</emphasis> file specifies (user, "
+#| "host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will "
+#| "be either accepted or refused."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, "
+"tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused."
+msgstr ""
+"В файле <emphasis remap=\"I\">login.access</emphasis> определяются "
+"комбинации (пользователь, узел) и/или (пользователь, терминал), которым "
+"будет разрешён или запрещён вход в систему."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:53
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When someone logs in, the <emphasis remap=\"I\">login.access</emphasis> "
+#| "is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, "
+#| "or, in case of non-networked logins, the first entry that matches the "
+#| "(user, tty) combination. The permissions field of that table entry "
+#| "determines whether the login will be accepted or refused."
+msgid ""
+"When someone logs in, the <_:emphasis-1/> is scanned for the first entry "
+"that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non-networked "
+"logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination. The "
+"permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be "
+"accepted or refused."
+msgstr ""
+"Когда кто-то пытается войти в систему выполняется сканирование файла "
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">login.access</emphasis> в поисках первой совпадающей "
+"записи (пользователь, узел), или в случае не сетевого входа, первой "
+"совпадающей записи (пользователь, терминал). Из найденной записи выбирается "
+"поле прав доступа, по которому определяется разрешать ли данной учётной "
+"записи вход в систему или нет."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"Each line of the login access control table has three fields separated by a "
+"\":\" character:"
+msgstr ""
+"Каждая строка таблицы контроля доступа в систему состоит из трёх полей "
+"разделённых символом «:» и выглядит так:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "permission denied"
+msgid "permission"
+msgstr "доступ запрещён"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><arg><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "users"
+msgstr "имя"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+msgid "origins"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>:<_:emphasis-3/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:71
+msgid "+"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:74 login.access.5.xml.out:78 suauth.5.xml.out:78
+msgid "ALL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/literal
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:76 login.access.5.xml.out:77
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:80
+msgid "."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "LOCAL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The first field should be a \"<emphasis>+</emphasis>\" (access granted) "
+#| "or \"<emphasis>-</emphasis>\" (access denied) character. The second field "
+#| "should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or "
+#| "<emphasis>ALL</emphasis> (always matches). The third field should be a "
+#| "list of one or more tty names (for non-networked logins), host names, "
+#| "domain names (begin with \"<literal>.</literal>\"), host addresses, "
+#| "internet network numbers (end with \"<literal>.</literal>\"), "
+#| "<emphasis>ALL</emphasis> (always matches) or <emphasis>LOCAL</emphasis> "
+#| "(matches any string that does not contain a \"<literal>.</literal>\" "
+#| "character). If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user "
+#| "patterns."
+msgid ""
+"The first field should be a \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" (access granted) or \"<_:"
+"emphasis-2/>\" (access denied) character. The second field should be a list "
+"of one or more login names, group names, or <_:emphasis-3/> (always "
+"matches). The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non-"
+"networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with \"<_:literal-4/>\"), "
+"host addresses, internet network numbers (end with \"<_:literal-5/>\"), <_:"
+"emphasis-6/> (always matches) or <_:emphasis-7/> (matches any string that "
+"does not contain a \"<_:literal-8/>\" character). If you run NIS you can use "
+"@netgroupname in host or user patterns."
+msgstr ""
+"Первое поле должно содержать символ «<emphasis>+</emphasis>» (доступ "
+"разрешён) или «<emphasis>-</emphasis>» (доступ запрещён). Второе поле должно "
+"содержать имя одной или более учётных записей, имена групп или "
+"<emphasis>ALL</emphasis> (всегда совпадает). Третье поле должно содержать "
+"одно или нескольких имён терминалов (для доступа не из сети), имена узлов, "
+"доменных имён (начинаются с «<literal>.</literal>»), адреса узлов, адреса "
+"подсетей (заканчиваются на «<literal>.</literal>»), <emphasis>ALL</emphasis> "
+"(всегда совпадает) или <emphasis>LOCAL</emphasis> (любая строка, не "
+"содержащая символа «<literal>.</literal>»). Если используется NIS, то также "
+"можно использовать @имя_сетевой_группы в шаблонах узлов или именах "
+"пользователей."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "EXCEPT"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:84
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis>EXCEPT</emphasis> operator makes it possible to write very "
+#| "compact rules."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> operator makes it possible to write very compact rules."
+msgstr ""
+"Оператор <emphasis>EXCEPT</emphasis> помогает в написании компактных правил."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:89
+msgid ""
+"The group file is searched only when a name does not match that of the "
+"logged-in user. Only groups are matched in which users are explicitly "
+"listed: the program does not look at a user's primary group id value."
+msgstr ""
+"Поиск в файле групп производится только когда имя не совпадает с "
+"регистрирующимся пользователем. Рассматриваются группы только с явно "
+"прописанными в них пользователями: программа не принимает во внимание "
+"значение первичной группы пользователя."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:110 porttime.5.xml.out:119 suauth.5.xml.out:199
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "shadow password suite configuration"
+msgstr "содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:115
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> file defines the site-specific "
+#| "configuration for the shadow password suite. This file is required. "
+#| "Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably "
+#| "result in undesirable operation."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:filename-1/> file defines the site-specific configuration for the "
+"shadow password suite. This file is required. Absence of this file will not "
+"prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation."
+msgstr ""
+"Файл <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> содержит настройки подсистемы "
+"теневых паролей (shadow password suite). Этот файл является обязательным. "
+"Отсутствие данного файла не повлияет на работу системы, но, вероятно, "
+"приведёт к выполнению нежелаемых операций."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:122
+msgid ""
+"This file is a readable text file, each line of the file describing one "
+"configuration parameter. The lines consist of a configuration name and "
+"value, separated by whitespace. Blank lines and comment lines are ignored. "
+"Comments are introduced with a \"#\" pound sign and the pound sign must be "
+"the first non-white character of the line."
+msgstr ""
+"Файл представляет собой обычный текстовый файл; каждая строка описывает один "
+"параметр настройки. Строки состоят из названия параметра и его значения, "
+"которые разделяются пробельным символом. Пустые строки и комментарии "
+"игнорируются. Комментарии начинаются со знака фунта «#», который должен быть "
+"первым непробельным символом в строке."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:133 useradd.8.xml.out:242 useradd.8.xml.out:380
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:87 userdel.8.xml.out:297
+msgid "yes"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:140
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "0"
+msgid "0x"
+msgstr "0"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:130
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and "
+#| "long numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters. A "
+#| "boolean should be either the value <replaceable>yes</replaceable> or "
+#| "<replaceable>no</replaceable>. An undefined boolean parameter or one with "
+#| "a value other than these will be given a <replaceable>no</replaceable> "
+#| "value. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, "
+#| "octal values (precede the value with <replaceable>0</replaceable>) or "
+#| "hexadecimal values (precede the value with <replaceable>0x</"
+#| "replaceable>). The maximum value of the regular and long numeric "
+#| "parameters is machine-dependent."
+msgid ""
+"Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long "
+"numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters. A boolean should "
+"be either the value <_:replaceable-1/> or <_:replaceable-2/>. An undefined "
+"boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a <_:"
+"replaceable-3/> value. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal "
+"values, octal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-4/>) or "
+"hexadecimal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-5/>). The maximum "
+"value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine-dependent."
+msgstr ""
+"Значения параметров могут быть четырёх типов: строки, логические значения, "
+"числа и длинные числа. Строки состоят из любых печатных символов. Под "
+"логическими значениями подразумеваются <replaceable>yes</replaceable> или "
+"<replaceable>no</replaceable>. Неопределённый логический параметр или "
+"имеющий значение, отличное от указанных выше, считается как имеющий значение "
+"<replaceable>no</replaceable>. Числа (обычные и длинные) можно задавать в "
+"десятичной, восьмеричной (перед значением ставится «<replaceable>0</"
+"replaceable>») или шестнадцатеричной (перед значением ставится "
+"«<replaceable>0x</replaceable>») системах счисления. Максимальные значения "
+"параметра обычного и длинного числа зависят от архитектуры компьютера."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:145
+msgid "The following configuration items are provided:"
+msgstr "Возможны следующие параметры настройки:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:193 pwconv.8.xml.out:146 useradd.8.xml.out:309
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:314
+msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:193 pwconv.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "PASS_MIN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:194 pwconv.8.xml.out:147
+msgid "PASS_WARN_AGE"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: variablelist/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:192
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option>, <option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> and "
+#| "<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> are only used at the time of account "
+#| "creation. Any changes to these settings won't affect existing accounts."
+msgid ""
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> are only used at the time of "
+"account creation. Any changes to these settings won't affect existing "
+"accounts."
+msgstr ""
+"Параметры <option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option>, <option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> и "
+"<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option>  используются только при создании учётной "
+"записи. Любые изменения этих параметров не влияют на уже существующие "
+"учётные записи."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:225
+msgid "CROSS REFERENCES"
+msgstr "ПЕРЕКРЁСТНЫЕ ССЫЛКИ"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:226
+msgid ""
+"The following cross references show which programs in the shadow password "
+"suite use which parameters."
+msgstr ""
+"Следующие перекрёстные ссылки отражают связь между программами и их "
+"параметрам из набора для работы с теневыми паролями."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:235 login.defs.5.xml.out:423 login.defs.5.xml.out:431
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:503 pwck.8.xml.out:75 pwck.8.xml.out:216
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:232 pwconv.8.xml.out:89 pwconv.8.xml.out:91
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:94 pwconv.8.xml.out:105 pwconv.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "USE_TCB"
+msgstr "USE_TCB"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:242
+msgid "CHFN_AUTH"
+msgstr "CHFN_AUTH"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:244 login.defs.5.xml.out:359
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+msgid "LOGIN_STRING"
+msgstr "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:241
+msgid "<_:phrase-1/> CHFN_RESTRICT <_:phrase-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:253 login.defs.5.xml.out:264 login.defs.5.xml.out:284
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:388 login.defs.5.xml.out:404
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgstr "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:251 login.defs.5.xml.out:282
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <phrase "
+"condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:262
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgstr "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:272
+msgid "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+msgstr "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:292
+msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN"
+msgstr "GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:301 login.defs.5.xml.out:307 login.defs.5.xml.out:313
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:320 login.defs.5.xml.out:326 login.defs.5.xml.out:332
+msgid "MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP"
+msgstr "MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><command>
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:330 pwconv.8.xml.out:49 pwconv.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:119 pwconv.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:167
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "grpunconv"
+msgstr "grpunconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:339
+msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:346 login.defs.5.xml.out:439
+msgid "CONSOLE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:348
+msgid "ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:351
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+msgid "FAILLOG_ENAB"
+msgstr "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:353
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "FILE"
+msgid "FTMP_FILE"
+msgstr "ФАЙЛ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:355
+msgid "ISSUE_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:357
+msgid "LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:361
+msgid ""
+"MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE "
+"PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:365
+msgid "ULIMIT UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:345
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY "
+"<_:phrase-3/> FAKE_SHELL <_:phrase-4/> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <_:phrase-5/> KILLCHAR "
+"<_:phrase-6/> LOGIN_RETRIES <_:phrase-7/> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+"LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <_:phrase-8/> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <_:phrase-9/> "
+"USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:372
+msgid "newgrp / sg"
+msgstr "newgrp / sg"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:374
+msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+msgstr "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:382
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
+#| "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</"
+#| "phrase> SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN "
+#| "UMASK"
+msgid ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
+"HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/> "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
+"PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+"condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase> "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:401
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
+#| "PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
+msgid ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
+"PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
+"PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <phrase "
+"condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:414
+msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:412 login.defs.5.xml.out:421
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE"
+msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><command>
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:419 passwd.5.xml.out:188 pwconv.8.xml.out:39
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:46 pwconv.8.xml.out:55 pwconv.8.xml.out:83
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:88 pwconv.8.xml.out:90 pwconv.8.xml.out:134
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:144 pwconv.8.xml.out:165 pwconv.8.xml.out:216
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:277
+msgid "pwconv"
+msgstr "pwconv"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><command>
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:428 passwd.5.xml.out:191 pwconv.8.xml.out:47
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:61 pwconv.8.xml.out:98 pwconv.8.xml.out:104
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:109 pwconv.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:157
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:166 shadow.5.xml.out:280
+msgid "pwunconv"
+msgstr "pwunconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:441
+msgid "ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:443
+msgid "ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:446
+msgid "SU_WHEEL_ONLY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:438
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH "
+"<_:phrase-3/> SULOG_FILE SU_NAME <_:phrase-4/> SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <_:phrase-5/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:453 passwd.5.xml.out:200 shadow.5.xml.out:286
+msgid "sulogin"
+msgstr "sulogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:457 su.1.xml.out:278
+msgid "ENV_TZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:455
+msgid "ENV_HZ <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:475
+msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:464
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS "
+#| "PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX "
+#| "SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB</phrase>"
+msgid ""
+"CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR "
+"MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <_:"
+"phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS "
+"PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN "
+"UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <phrase condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK "
+"USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:485 login.defs.5.xml.out:495
+msgid "TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:482
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB "
+#| "<phrase condition=\"tcb\">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+msgid ""
+"MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB <_:"
+"phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB <phrase "
+"condition=\"tcb\">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:492
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <phrase "
+"condition=\"tcb\">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><command>
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:500 vipw.8.xml.out:35 vipw.8.xml.out:42
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:51 vipw.8.xml.out:67 vipw.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "vipw"
+msgstr "vipw"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:511 pwconv.8.xml.out:193 suauth.5.xml.out:179
+msgid "BUGS"
+msgstr "ОШИБКИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:512
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow password "
+#| "suite is now handled by PAM. Thus, <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+#| "is no longer used by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, or less used by "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Please refer to "
+#| "the corresponding PAM configuration files instead."
+msgid ""
+"Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow password "
+"suite is now handled by PAM. Thus, <_:filename-1/> is no longer used by <_:"
+"citerefentry-2/>, or less used by <_:citerefentry-3/>, and <_:citerefentry-4/"
+">. Please refer to the corresponding PAM configuration files instead."
+msgstr ""
+"Большинство функций теневых паролей теперь реализовано через PAM. Поэтому, "
+"файл <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> больше не используется программами "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> и "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>. Настройку данных программ следует выполнять в соответствующих "
+"файлах настройки PAM."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:545
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "pw_name"
+msgid "pam"
+msgstr "pw_name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:528
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><command>
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:33 logoutd.8.xml.out:40 logoutd.8.xml.out:46
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:53 logoutd.8.xml.out:55
+msgid "logoutd"
+msgstr "logoutd"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "enforce login time restrictions"
+msgstr "контролирует временные интервалы работы в системе"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:54 logoutd.8.xml.out:60 logoutd.8.xml.out:68
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:87 porttime.5.xml.out:109
+msgid "/etc/porttime"
+msgstr "/etc/porttime"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:56
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/group"
+msgid "/etc/rc"
+msgstr "/etc/group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:52
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>logoutd</command> enforces the login time and port restrictions "
+#| "specified in <filename>/etc/porttime</filename>. <command>logoutd</"
+#| "command> should be started from <filename>/etc/rc</filename>. The "
+#| "<filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> file is scanned periodically and each "
+#| "user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named "
+#| "port at the current time. Any login session which is violating the "
+#| "restrictions in <filename>/etc/porttime</filename> is terminated."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in <_:"
+"filename-2/>. <_:command-3/> should be started from <_:filename-4/>. The <_:"
+"filename-5/> file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to "
+"see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time. "
+"Any login session which is violating the restrictions in <_:filename-6/> is "
+"terminated."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>logoutd</command> контролирует временные ограничения "
+"работы в системе и порты, заданные в файле <filename>/etc/porttime</"
+"filename>. Программа <command>logoutd</command> должна запускаться из "
+"сценария <filename>/etc/rc</filename>. Файл <filename>/var/run/utmp</"
+"filename> периодически сканируется и для каждого имени пользователя "
+"проверяется, разрешено ли данному пользователю работать в настоящий момент "
+"на данном порту. Любой сеанс, который нарушает ограничения, описанные в "
+"файле <filename>/etc/porttime</filename>, будет завершён."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:70 porttime.5.xml.out:111
+msgid "File containing port access."
+msgstr ""
+"содержит разрешённое время работы определённых пользователей с определённых "
+"портов"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "log in to a new group"
+msgstr "выполняет регистрацию пользователя в новой группе"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:54
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>newgrp</command> command is used to change the current group "
+#| "ID during a login session. If the optional <option>-</option> flag is "
+#| "given, the user's environment will be reinitialized as though the user "
+#| "had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current "
+#| "working directory, remains unchanged."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to change the current group ID during a "
+"login session. If the optional <_:option-2/> flag is given, the user's "
+"environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, "
+"otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, "
+"remains unchanged."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>newgrp</command> используется для изменения ID текущей "
+"группы в работающем сеансе. Если указан необязательный параметр <option>-</"
+"option>, то окружение пользователя будет инициализировано повторно, как если "
+"бы пользователь заново вошёл в систему, иначе имеющееся окружение, включая "
+"текущий рабочий каталог, изменено не будет."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:62
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>newgrp</command> changes the current real group ID to the named "
+#| "group, or to the default group listed in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> "
+#| "if no group name is given. <command>newgrp</command> also tries to add "
+#| "the group to the user groupset. If not root, the user will be prompted "
+#| "for a password if she does not have a password (in <filename>/etc/shadow</"
+#| "filename> if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> otherwise) and the group does, or if the "
+#| "user is not listed as a member and the group has a password. The user "
+#| "will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not "
+#| "listed as a member."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to "
+"the default group listed in <_:filename-2/> if no group name is given. <_:"
+"command-3/> also tries to add the group to the user groupset. If not root, "
+"the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in "
+"<_:filename-4/> if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or "
+"in <_:filename-5/> otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not "
+"listed as a member and the group has a password. The user will be denied "
+"access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>newgrp</command> изменяет идентификатор текущей реальной "
+"группы на заданный или на группу по умолчанию, указанную в файле <filename>/"
+"etc/passwd</filename>, в случае если имя группы не указано. Программа "
+"<command>newgrp</command> также пытается добавить группу в список групп "
+"пользователя. Если пользователь не является суперпользователем, то его "
+"попросят ввести пароль, даже если он его не имеет (в файле <filename>/etc/"
+"shadow</filename>, если для этого пользователя имеется запись в файле "
+"теневых паролей, иначе используется файл <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>), "
+"а группа имеет, или если пользователь не является членом группы, а группа "
+"имеет пароль. Если пользователь не является членом группы, а у группы пустой "
+"пароль, то пользователю будет отказано в доступе."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:76
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If there is an entry for this group in <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, "
+#| "then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken "
+#| "from this file, otherwise, the entry in <filename>/etc/group</filename> "
+#| "is considered."
+msgid ""
+"If there is an entry for this group in <_:filename-1/>, then the list of "
+"members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, "
+"otherwise, the entry in <_:filename-2/> is considered."
+msgstr ""
+"Если есть запись для этой группы в файле <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, "
+"то список членов и пароль этой группы будут взяты из этого файла, иначе "
+"используется запись из файла <filename>/etc/group</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:130 sg.1.xml.out:119
+msgid "id"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "update and create new users in batch"
+msgstr ""
+"обновляет и создаёт новые учётные записи пользователей в пакетном режиме"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>newusers</command> command reads a <replaceable>file</"
+#| "replaceable> (or the standard input by default) and uses this information "
+#| "to update a set of existing users or to create new users. Each line is in "
+#| "the same format as the standard password file (see "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>) with the exceptions explained below:"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a <_:replaceable-2/> (or the standard input "
+"by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or "
+"to create new users. Each line is in the same format as the standard "
+"password file (see <_:citerefentry-3/>) with the exceptions explained below:"
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>newusers</command> читает <replaceable>файл</replaceable> "
+"(или по умолчанию стандартный ввод)  и использует эту информацию для "
+"обновления группы существующих или создания новых учётных записей. Каждая "
+"строка имеет формат стандартного файла паролей (смотрите "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>) за исключением:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell"
+msgstr "pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:87
+msgid "pw_name"
+msgstr "pw_name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:90
+msgid "This is the name of the user."
+msgstr "Имя пользователя."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:93
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or an "
+#| "user created before by <command>newusers</command>). In case of an "
+#| "existing user, the user's information will be changed, otherwise a new "
+#| "user will be created."
+msgid ""
+"It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>). In case of an existing user, the user's "
+"information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Это может быть имя нового пользователя или имя существующего пользователя "
+"(или пользователя, созданного <command>newusers</command> ранее). Если "
+"пользователь существует, то будет изменена информация о пользователе, или же "
+"создаётся новый пользователь."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "pw_passwd"
+msgstr "pw_passwd"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:107
+msgid ""
+"This field will be encrypted and used as the new value of the encrypted "
+"password."
+msgstr ""
+"Это поле будет зашифровано и использовано как новое значение шифрованного "
+"пароля."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "pw_uid"
+msgstr " pw_gid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "This field is used to define the UID of the user."
+msgstr "Это поле используется для определения UID пользователя."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:121
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the field is empty, an new (unused) UID will be defined automatically "
+#| "by <command>newusers</command>."
+msgid ""
+"If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by "
+"<_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Если это поле пусто, то командой <command>newusers</command> автоматически "
+"определяется новый (неиспользованный) UID."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "If this field contains a number, this number will be used as the UID."
+msgstr ""
+"Если в этом поле указано число, то оно будет использовано в качестве UID."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of an "
+#| "user created before by <command>newusers</command>), the UID of the "
+#| "specified user will be used."
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>), the UID of the specified user will be "
+"used."
+msgstr ""
+"Если в поле содержится имя существующего пользователя (или имя пользователя, "
+"созданного <command>newusers</command> ранее), то использует UID указанного "
+"пользователя."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"If the UID of an existing user is changed, the files ownership of the user's "
+"file should be fixed manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Если изменяется UID существующего пользователя, то у файлов, которыми владел "
+"этот пользователь, нужно вручную переопределить владельца."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:143
+msgid "pw_gid"
+msgstr "pw_gid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "This field is used to define the primary group ID for the user."
+msgstr ""
+"Это поле используется для определения ID первичной группы пользователя."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:149
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created "
+#| "before by <command>newusers</command>), the GID of this group will be "
+#| "used as the primary group ID for the user."
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created "
+"before by <_:command-1/>), the GID of this group will be used as the primary "
+"group ID for the user."
+msgstr ""
+"Если в этом поле содержится имя существующей группы (или группы, созданной "
+"<command>newusers</command> ранее), то в качестве ID первичной группы "
+"пользователя будет использован GID этой группы."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:155
+msgid ""
+"If this field is a number, this number will be used as the primary group ID "
+"of the user. If no groups exist with this GID, a new group will be created "
+"with this GID, and the name of the user."
+msgstr ""
+"Если в этом поле содержится число, то это число будет использовано как ID "
+"первичной группы пользователя. Если с таким GID не существует, то будет "
+"создана новая группа с этим GID и именем пользователя."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:161
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the "
+#| "user and a GID will be automatically defined by <command>newusers</"
+#| "command> to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID "
+#| "for the new group."
+msgid ""
+"If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the "
+"user and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-1/> to be used as "
+"the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group."
+msgstr ""
+"Если это поле пусто, то новая группа будет создана с именем пользователя, а "
+"GID будет определён <command>newusers</command> автоматически (для "
+"использования в качестве ID первичной группы пользователя и GID новой "
+"группы)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:167
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was "
+#| "not created before by <command>newusers</command>), a new group will be "
+#| "created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined "
+#| "by <command>newusers</command> to be used as the primary group ID for the "
+#| "user and GID for the new group."
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>), a new group will be created with the "
+"specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-2/> to "
+"be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group."
+msgstr ""
+"Если поле содержит имя группы, которой не существует (и которая не была "
+"создана <command>newusers</command> ранее), то будет создана новая группа с "
+"указанным именем, GID будет определён <command>newusers</command> "
+"автоматически (для использования в качестве ID первичной группы пользователя "
+"и GID новой группы)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:179
+msgid "pw_gecos"
+msgstr "pw_gecos"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:182
+msgid "This field is copied in the GECOS field of the user."
+msgstr "Это поле копируется в поле GECOS записи пользователя."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "pw_dir"
+msgstr "pw_dir"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:192
+msgid "This field is used to define the home directory of the user."
+msgstr "Это поле используется для определения домашнего каталога пользователя."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "newusers does not create parent directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified "
+"directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or "
+"updated and its primary group. Note that <_:emphasis-1/> of the new user's "
+"home directory. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory "
+"if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr "
+"informing the user of the failure. The newusers command will not halt or "
+"return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home "
+"directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:208
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the home directory of an existing user is changed, <command>newusers</"
+#| "command> does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the "
+#| "new location. This should be done manually."
+msgid ""
+"If the home directory of an existing user is changed, <_:command-1/> does "
+"not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location. This "
+"should be done manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Если изменяется домашний каталог существующего пользователя, то команда "
+"<command>newusers</command> не перемещает или копирует содержимое старого "
+"каталога в новое место. Это нужно выполнить вручную."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:218
+msgid "pw_shell"
+msgstr "pw_shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:221
+msgid ""
+"This field defines the shell of the user. No checks are performed on this "
+"field."
+msgstr ""
+"В этом поле задаётся пользовательская оболочка. Никаких проверок поля не "
+"делается."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:229
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>newusers</command> first tries to create or change all the "
+#| "specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group "
+#| "databases. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the "
+#| "databases), no changes are committed to the databases."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> first tries to create or change all the specified users, and "
+"then write these changes to the user or group databases. If an error occurs "
+"(except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to "
+"the databases."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <command>newusers</command> сначала пытается создать или изменить "
+"всех указанных пользователей, а затем записать эти изменения в базы данных "
+"пользователей или групп. Если происходит ошибка (кроме ошибок при последней "
+"записи в базы данных), то изменения в базы не сохраняются."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:235
+msgid ""
+"During this first pass, users are created with a locked password (and "
+"passwords are not changed for the users which are not created). A second "
+"pass is used to update the passwords using PAM. Failures to update a "
+"password are reported, but will not stop the other password updates."
+msgstr ""
+"Во время первого прохода пользователи создаются с заблокированными паролями "
+"(у несоздаваемых пользователей пароли не изменяются). Во время второго "
+"прохода выполняется обновление паролей с помощью PAM. При возникновении "
+"ошибок при обновлении об этом сообщается, но обновление паролей продолжается."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:243
+msgid ""
+"This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many "
+"accounts are updated at a single time."
+msgstr ""
+"Данная команда предназначена для работы в крупных системных средах, где за "
+"один раз обновляется несколько учётных записей."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:257 pwck.8.xml.out:164 useradd.8.xml.out:108
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:89
+msgid "--badname"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:260 pwck.8.xml.out:167 useradd.8.xml.out:111
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "Allow names that do not conform to standards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:290 useradd.8.xml.out:459
+msgid "Create a system account."
+msgstr "Создать системную учётную запись."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:297 useradd.8.xml.out:466 usermod.8.xml.out:398
+msgid "SYS_UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:297 useradd.8.xml.out:466 usermod.8.xml.out:398
+msgid "SYS_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:308 useradd.8.xml.out:319
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:468 useradd.8.xml.out:538 usermod.8.xml.out:397
+msgid "UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:308 useradd.8.xml.out:321
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:468 useradd.8.xml.out:543 usermod.8.xml.out:397
+msgid "UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:293 useradd.8.xml.out:462
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "System users will be created with no aging information in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "shadow</filename>, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the "
+#| "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> range, defined "
+#| "in <filename>login.defs</filename>, instead of <option>UID_MIN</option>-"
+#| "<option>UID_MAX</option> (and their <option>GID</option> counterparts for "
+#| "the creation of groups)."
+msgid ""
+"System users will be created with no aging information in <_:filename-1/>, "
+"and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the <_:option-2/>-<_:option-3/> "
+"range, defined in <_:filename-4/>, instead of <_:option-5/>-<_:option-6/> "
+"(and their <_:option-7/> counterparts for the creation of groups)."
+msgstr ""
+"Системные пользователи создаются без информации об устаревании в <filename>/"
+"etc/shadow</filename>, и их числовые идентификаторы выбираются из диапазона "
+"<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>, определённого в "
+"<filename>login.defs</filename>, а не из <option>UID_MIN</option>-"
+"<option>UID_MAX</option> (это же касается и части с <option>GID</option> при "
+"создании групп)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:349
+msgid ""
+"The input file must be protected since it contains unencrypted passwords."
+msgstr ""
+"Файл с входными данными должен быть защищён, так как в нём содержатся не "
+"шифрованные пароли."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:429
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/newusers"
+msgstr "/etc/pam.d/newusers"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:435 useradd.8.xml.out:222 useradd.8.xml.out:481
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:785 userdel.8.xml.out:215 usermod.8.xml.out:587
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "/etc/subgid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:437 useradd.8.xml.out:787 userdel.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:441 useradd.8.xml.out:222 useradd.8.xml.out:480
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:791 userdel.8.xml.out:221 usermod.8.xml.out:593
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "/etc/subuid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:443 useradd.8.xml.out:793 userdel.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:460 useradd.8.xml.out:906 userdel.8.xml.out:335
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:633
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "subgid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:463 useradd.8.xml.out:909 userdel.8.xml.out:338
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:636
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "subuid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:458 useradd.8.xml.out:904 userdel.8.xml.out:333
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:631
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:30
+msgid "politely refuse a login"
+msgstr "вежливо отказывает во входе в систему"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:41
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>nologin</command> command displays a message that an account "
+#| "is not available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement "
+#| "shell field for accounts that have been disabled."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command displays a message that an account is not "
+"available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement shell field "
+"for accounts that have been disabled."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>nologin</command> выдаёт сообщение, что учётная запись "
+"недоступна и завершает работу с ненулевым кодом возврата. Она предназначена "
+"для замены оболочки командной строки в поле оболочки у заблокированных "
+"учётных записей."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:46
+msgid "To disable all logins, investigate <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:52
+msgid "SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:51
+msgid "If <_:command-1/> is populated it will be logged."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:69
+msgid "HISTORY"
+msgstr "ИСТОРИЯ"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The <command>nologin</command> command appearred in BSD 4.4."
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command appeared in BSD 4.4."
+msgstr "Программа <command>nologin</command> впервые появилась в BSD 4.4."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:48
+msgid "change user password"
+msgstr "изменяет пароль пользователя"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:65
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>passwd</command> command changes passwords for user "
+#| "accounts. A normal user may only change the password for their own "
+#| "account, while the superuser may change the password for any account. "
+#| "<command>passwd</command> also changes the account or associated password "
+#| "validity period."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes passwords for user accounts. A normal "
+"user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser "
+"may change the password for any account. <_:command-2/> also changes the "
+"account or associated password validity period."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>passwd</command> изменяет пароли пользовательских учётных "
+"записей. Обычный пользователь может изменить пароль только своей учётной "
+"записи, суперпользователь может изменить пароль любой учётной записи. "
+"Программа <command>passwd</command> также изменяет информацию об учётной "
+"записи или срок действия пароля."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "Password Changes"
+msgstr "Изменение пароля"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"The user is first prompted for their old password, if one is present. This "
+"password is then encrypted and compared against the stored password. The "
+"user has only one chance to enter the correct password. The superuser is "
+"permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten passwords may be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"Сначала пользователя попросят ввести старый пароль, если он был. Этот пароль "
+"зашифровывается и сравнивается с имеющимся. У пользователя есть только одна "
+"попытка ввести правильный пароль. Для суперпользователя этот шаг "
+"пропускается, для того чтобы можно было изменить забытый пароль."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:83
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "After the password has been entered, password aging information is "
+#| "checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this "
+#| "time. If not, <command>passwd</command> refuses to change the password "
+#| "and exits."
+msgid ""
+"After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked "
+"to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time. If not, "
+"<_:command-1/> refuses to change the password and exits."
+msgstr ""
+"После ввода пароля проверяется информация об устаревании пароля, чтобы "
+"убедиться, что пользователю разрешено изменять пароль в настоящий момент. "
+"Если нет, то <command>passwd</command> не производит изменение пароля и "
+"завершает работу."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:90
+msgid ""
+"The user is then prompted twice for a replacement password. The second entry "
+"is compared against the first and both are required to match in order for "
+"the password to be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"Затем пользователю предложат дважды ввести новый пароль. Значение второго "
+"ввода сравнивается с первым и для изменения пароли из обеих попыток должны "
+"совпасть."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:96
+msgid ""
+"Then, the password is tested for complexity. As a general guideline, "
+"passwords should consist of 6 to 8 characters including one or more "
+"characters from each of the following sets:"
+msgstr ""
+"Затем пароль тестируется на сложность подбора. Согласно общим принципам, "
+"пароли должны быть длиной от 6 до 8 символов и включать один или более "
+"символов каждого типа:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "lower case alphabetics"
+msgstr "строчные буквы"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:107
+msgid "digits 0 thru 9"
+msgstr "цифры от 0 до 9"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "punctuation marks"
+msgstr "знаки пунктуации"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:114
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill "
+#| "characters. <command>passwd</command> will reject any password which is "
+#| "not suitably complex."
+msgid ""
+"Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill "
+"characters. <_:command-1/> will reject any password which is not suitably "
+"complex."
+msgstr ""
+"Не включайте системные символы стирания и удаления. Программа "
+"<command>passwd</command> не примет пароль, который не имеет достаточной "
+"сложности."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "Hints for user passwords"
+msgstr "Выбор пароля"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:127
+msgid "UNIX"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:124
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption "
+#| "algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy <emphasis>UNIX</"
+#| "emphasis> System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm. "
+#| "More recent methods are now recommended (see <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</"
+#| "option>). The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the "
+#| "password which is selected."
+msgid ""
+"The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption "
+"algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy <_:emphasis-1/> System "
+"encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm. More recent methods are "
+"now recommended (see <_:option-2/>). The size of the key space depends upon "
+"the randomness of the password which is selected."
+msgstr ""
+"Безопасность пароля зависит от стойкости алгоритма шифрования и размера "
+"пространства ключа. В старых системах <emphasis>UNIX</emphasis> метод "
+"шифрования основывался на алгоритме NBS DES. Сейчас рекомендуют более новые "
+"методы (смотрите <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option>). Размер пространства ключа "
+"зависит от степени произвольности выбранного пароля."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"Compromises in password security normally result from careless password "
+"selection or handling. For this reason, you should not select a password "
+"which appears in a dictionary or which must be written down. The password "
+"should also not be a proper name, your license number, birth date, or street "
+"address. Any of these may be used as guesses to violate system security."
+msgstr ""
+"При обеспечении безопасности пароля выбирают нечто среднее между сложным "
+"паролем и сложностью работы с ним. По этой причине, вы не должны "
+"использовать пароль, который является словом из словаря или который придётся "
+"записать из-за его сложности. Также, пароль не должен быть названием чего-"
+"либо, номером вашей лицензии, днём рождения и домашним адресом. Обо всём "
+"этом легко догадаться, что приведёт к нарушению безопасности системы."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:142
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You can find advices on how to choose a strong password on http://en."
+#| "wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"
+msgid ""
+"You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en."
+"wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"
+msgstr ""
+"О том, как выбрать стойкий пароль, читайте в http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
+"Сложность_пароля."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:160
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option can be used only with <option>-S</option> and causes show "
+#| "status for all users."
+msgid ""
+"This option can be used only with <_:option-1/> and causes show status for "
+"all users."
+msgstr ""
+"Этот параметр можно использовать только вместе с <option>-S</option> для "
+"вывода статуса всех пользователей."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:171
+msgid ""
+"Delete a user's password (make it empty). This is a quick way to disable a "
+"password for an account. It will set the named account passwordless."
+msgstr ""
+"Удалить пароль пользователя (сделать его пустым). Это быстрый способ "
+"заблокировать пароль учётной записи. Это сделает указанную учётную запись "
+"беспарольной."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><command>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:180
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "expiry"
+msgid "--expire"
+msgstr "expiry"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"Immediately expire an account's password. This in effect can force a user to "
+"change their password at the user's next login."
+msgstr ""
+"Немедленно сделать пароль устаревшим. В результате это заставит пользователя "
+"изменить пароль при следующем входе в систему."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:200
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is used to disable an account after the password has been "
+#| "expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired "
+#| "password for <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> days, the user may no "
+#| "longer sign on to the account."
+msgid ""
+"This option is used to disable an account after the password has been "
+"expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired "
+"password for <_:replaceable-1/> days, the user may no longer sign on to the "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"Этот параметр используется для блокировки учётной записи по прошествии "
+"заданного числа дней после устаревания пароля. То есть, если пароль устарел "
+"и прошло более указанных <replaceable>ДНЕЙ</replaceable>, то пользователь "
+"больше не сможет использовать данную учётную запись."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:210 useradd.8.xml.out:278 useradd.8.xml.out:356
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-k"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:210
+msgid "--keep-tokens"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:213
+msgid ""
+"Indicate password change should be performed only for expired authentication "
+"tokens (passwords). The user wishes to keep their non-expired tokens as "
+"before."
+msgstr ""
+"Указывает, что изменение пароля нужно выполнить только для устаревших ключей "
+"аутентификации (паролей). Пользователи хотят оставить свои непросроченные "
+"ключи нетронутыми."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:222 usermod.8.xml.out:231
+msgid "--lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:225
+msgid ""
+"Lock the password of the named account. This option disables a password by "
+"changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it adds a "
+"´!´ at the beginning of the password)."
+msgstr ""
+"Заблокировать пароль указанной учётной записи. Этот параметр блокирует "
+"пароль, изменяя его значение на вариант, который не может быть шифрованным "
+"паролем (добавляется символ «!» в начало пароля)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:235
+msgid "usermod --expiredate 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:231
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that this does not disable the account. The user may still be able "
+#| "to login using another authentication token (e.g. an SSH key). To disable "
+#| "the account, administrators should use <command>usermod --expiredate 1</"
+#| "command> (this set the account's expire date to Jan 2, 1970)."
+msgid ""
+"Note that this does not disable the account. The user may still be able to "
+"login using another authentication token (e.g. an SSH key). To disable the "
+"account, administrators should use <_:command-1/> (this set the account's "
+"expire date to Jan 2, 1970)."
+msgstr ""
+"Заметим, что это не блокирует учётную запись. Пользователь всё ещё может "
+"войти в систему с помощью другого способа аутентификации (например, с "
+"помощью ключа SSH). Чтобы заблокировать учётную запись, администратор должен "
+"использовать команду <command>usermod --expiredate 1</command> (это "
+"установит дату устаревания учётной запись равной 2 января 1970 года)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:238
+msgid "Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their password."
+msgstr "Посетитель с заблокированным паролем не может изменить свой пароль."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:258 pwck.8.xml.out:179 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "-q"
+msgstr "-q"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:258 pwck.8.xml.out:179 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "--quiet"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:261 vipw.8.xml.out:110
+msgid "Quiet mode."
+msgstr "Не выводить сообщений при работе."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268
+msgid "--repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268 passwd.1.xml.out:272
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "EDITOR"
+msgid "REPOSITORY"
+msgstr "EDITOR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:271
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "change password in <replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable> repository"
+msgid "change password in <_:replaceable-1/> repository"
+msgstr "Изменить пароль в <replaceable>РЕПОЗИТОРИИ</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:291
+msgid "--status"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:294
+msgid ""
+"Display account status information. The status information consists of 7 "
+"fields. The first field is the user's login name. The second field indicates "
+"if the user account has a locked password (L), has no password (NP), or has "
+"a usable password (P). The third field gives the date of the last password "
+"change. The next four fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning "
+"period, and inactivity period for the password. These ages are expressed in "
+"days."
+msgstr ""
+"Показать состояние учётной записи. Информация о состоянии содержит 7 полей. "
+"Первое поле содержит имя учётной записи. Второе поле указывает, заблокирован "
+"ли пароль учётной записи (L), она без пароля (NP) или у неё есть рабочий "
+"пароль (P). Третье поле хранит дату последнего изменения пароля. В следующих "
+"четырёх полях хранятся минимальный срок, максимальный срок, период выдачи "
+"предупреждения и период неактивности пароля. Эти сроки измеряются в днях."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:309 usermod.8.xml.out:405
+msgid "--unlock"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:312
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Unlock the password of the named account. This option re-enables a "
+#| "password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the "
+#| "value before using the <option>-l</option> option)."
+msgid ""
+"Unlock the password of the named account. This option re-enables a password "
+"by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before "
+"using the <_:option-1/> option)."
+msgstr ""
+"Разблокировать пароль указанной учётной записи. Этот параметр разблокирует "
+"пароль, возвращая его прежнее значение (которое было перед использованием "
+"параметра <option>-l</option>)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:325
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. "
+#| "The <replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable> option is the number of days "
+#| "prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their "
+#| "password is about to expire."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The "
+"<_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password "
+"expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"Установить число дней выдачи предупреждения, перед тем как потребуется смена "
+"пароля. В параметре <replaceable>ПРЕД_ДНЕЙ</replaceable> указывается число "
+"дней перед тем как пароль устареет, в течении которых пользователю будут "
+"напоминать, что пароль скоро устареет."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-x"
+msgstr "-"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:338
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>, the password is required to be "
+#| "changed."
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>, the password is required to be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"Установить максимальное количество дней, в течении которых пароль остаётся "
+"рабочим. После <replaceable>МАКС_ДНЕЙ</replaceable> пароль нужно изменить."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:355
+msgid ""
+"Password complexity checking may vary from site to site. The user is urged "
+"to select a password as complex as he or she feels comfortable with."
+msgstr ""
+"Сложность пароля проверяется на разных машинах по разному. Пользователю "
+"настоятельно рекомендуется выбирать пароль такой сложности, чтобы ему "
+"нормально работалось."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:360
+msgid ""
+"Users may not be able to change their password on a system if NIS is enabled "
+"and they are not logged into the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+"Пользователи не могут изменять свои пароли в системе, если включён NIS и они "
+"не вошли на сервер NIS."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:365
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>passwd</command> uses PAM to authenticate users and to change "
+#| "their passwords."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> uses PAM to authenticate users and to change their passwords."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <command>passwd</command> для аутентификации пользователей и для "
+"смены паролей использует PAM."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:411
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/passwd"
+msgstr "/etc/pam.d/passwd"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:439
+msgid "invalid combination of options"
+msgstr "недопустимая комбинация параметров"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:445
+msgid "unexpected failure, nothing done"
+msgstr "неожиданная ошибка при работе, ничего не сделано"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:451
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "unexpected failure, <filename>passwd</filename> file missing"
+msgid "unexpected failure, <_:filename-1/> file missing"
+msgstr ""
+"неожиданная ошибка при работе, отсутствует файл <filename>passwd</filename>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:457
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<filename>passwd</filename> file busy, try again"
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> file busy, try again"
+msgstr ""
+"файл <filename>passwd</filename> занят другой программой, попробуйте ещё раз"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:472
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:phrase-4/> "
+"<_:citerefentry-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "the password file"
+msgstr "файл паролей"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:49 shadow.5.xml.out:59
+msgid ":"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> contains one line for each user account, "
+#| "with seven fields delimited by colons (<quote>:</quote>). These fields "
+#| "are:"
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> contains one line for each user account, with seven fields "
+"delimited by colons (<_:quote-2/>). These fields are:"
+msgstr ""
+"Файл <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> содержит учётные записи пользователей, "
+"по одной в каждой строке. Строка состоит из семи полей, разделённых "
+"двоеточиями (<quote>:</quote>). Поля:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:54 shadow.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "login name"
+msgstr "имя пользователя для входа в систему"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:57
+msgid "optional encrypted password"
+msgstr "необязательный зашифрованный пароль"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "numerical user ID"
+msgstr "числовой идентификатор пользователя"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "numerical group ID"
+msgstr "числовой идентификатор группы"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "user name or comment field"
+msgstr "ФИО пользователя или поле комментария"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:69
+msgid "user home directory"
+msgstr "домашний каталог пользователя"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "optional user command interpreter"
+msgstr "необязательный интерпретатор командной строки пользователя"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:78
+msgid "x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "must"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:emphasis-1/> field is a lower-case <_:quote-2/>, then the "
+"encrypted password is actually stored in the <_:citerefentry-3/> file "
+"instead; there <_:emphasis-4/> be a corresponding line in the <_:filename-5/"
+"> file, or else the user account is invalid."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:90
+msgid "any"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to "
+#| "authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications "
+#| "which read the <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file may decide not to "
+#| "permit any access at all if the password field is empty."
+msgid ""
+"The encrypted <_:emphasis-1/> field may be empty, in which case no password "
+"is required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some "
+"applications which read the <_:filename-2/> file may decide not to permit <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> access at all if the <_:emphasis-4/> field is blank."
+msgstr ""
+"Это поле может быть пустым, то есть для указанной учётной записи не "
+"требуется аутентификация по паролю. Однако, некоторые приложения, читающие "
+"файл <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>, могут вообще отказать в доступе, если "
+"поле пароля пусто."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A password field which starts with a exclamation mark means that the "
+#| "password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the "
+#| "password field before the password was locked."
+msgid ""
+"A <_:emphasis-1/> field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the "
+"password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> field before the password was locked."
+msgstr ""
+"Поле пароля может начинаться с восклицательного знака, означающего, что "
+"пароль заблокирован. Оставшиеся символы в строке представляют поле пароля до "
+"его блокировки."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:107 shadow.5.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able "
+#| "to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by "
+#| "other means)."
+msgid ""
+"If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a "
+"unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)."
+msgstr ""
+"Если поле пароля содержит строку, которая не удовлетворяет требованиям "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>, например содержит ! или *, то пользователь не сможет "
+"использовать этот пароль unix для входа (но может войти в систему под "
+"другими паролями)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system "
+"utilities, such as <_:citerefentry-1/>. The use of an ampersand here will be "
+"replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed "
+"by such system utilities."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:123
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The home directory field provides the name of the initial working "
+#| "directory. The <command>login</command> program uses this information to "
+#| "set the value of the <envar>$HOME</envar> environmental variable."
+msgid ""
+"The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory. "
+"The <_:command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:"
+"envar-2/> environmental variable."
+msgstr ""
+"В поле домашнего каталога хранится начальный рабочий каталог. Программа "
+"<command>login</command> использует эту информацию для установки значения "
+"переменной окружения <envar>$HOME</envar>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:134 sg.1.xml.out:61 su.1.xml.out:190
+msgid "/bin/sh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command "
+#| "language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The "
+#| "<command>login</command> program uses this information to set the value "
+#| "of the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environmental variable. If this field is "
+#| "empty, it defaults to the value <filename>/bin/sh</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command "
+"language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The <_:"
+"command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:envar-2/"
+"> environmental variable. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value "
+"<_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"В поле интерпретатора командной строки хранится название интерпретатора "
+"командной строки пользователя или программы, которая будет запущена первой. "
+"Программа <command>login</command> использует эту информацию для установки "
+"значения переменной окружения <envar>$SHELL</envar>. Если это поле пустое, "
+"то используется значение по умолчанию <filename>/bin/sh</filename>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:150
+msgid "optional encrypted password file"
+msgstr "необязательный файл с шифрованными паролями"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:154
+msgid "/etc/passwd-"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:156
+msgid "Backup file for /etc/passwd."
+msgstr "резервная копия файла /etc/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:157 shadow.5.xml.out:249
+msgid ""
+"Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by "
+"all user and password management tools."
+msgstr ""
+"Заметим, что этот файл используется программами из комплекта утилит shadow, "
+"но не всеми инструментами управления пользователями и паролями."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:173
+msgid "getent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:176
+msgid "getpwnam"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:168
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-10/>, <_:citerefentry-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:33 porttime.5.xml.out:40 porttime.5.xml.out:47
+msgid "porttime"
+msgstr "porttime"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "port access time file"
+msgstr "файл с временами доступа к портам"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis remap=\"I\">porttime</emphasis> contains a list of tty devices, "
+#| "user names, and permitted login times."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted "
+"login times."
+msgstr ""
+"Файл <emphasis remap=\"I\">porttime</emphasis> содержит список устройств "
+"tty, имена пользователей и разрешённое время входа."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:51
+msgid ""
+"Each entry consists of three colon separated fields. The first field is a "
+"comma separated list of tty devices, or an asterisk to indicate that all tty "
+"devices are matched by this entry. The second field is a comma separated "
+"list of user names, or an asterisk to indicated that all user names are "
+"matched by this entry. The third field is a comma separated list of "
+"permitted access times."
+msgstr ""
+"Каждая запись состоит из трёх полей, разделённых двоеточиями. В первом поле "
+"содержится список устройств tty (перечисленных через запятую) или звёздочка, "
+"указывающая, что все устройства tty попадают под правило этой записи. Во "
+"втором поле содержится список имён пользователей (перечисленных через "
+"запятую) или звёздочка, указывающая, что все имена пользователей попадают "
+"под правило этой записи. В третьем поле содержится список (через запятую) "
+"допустимого времени работы."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:62
+msgid "Su"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:62
+msgid "Mo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "Tu"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "We"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "Th"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "Fr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:65
+msgid "Sa"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "Wk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:67 porttime.5.xml.out:68
+msgid "Al"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:60
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, "
+#| "abbreviated <emphasis>Su</emphasis>, <emphasis>Mo</emphasis>, "
+#| "<emphasis>Tu</emphasis>, <emphasis>We</emphasis>, <emphasis>Th</"
+#| "emphasis>, <emphasis>Fr</emphasis>, and <emphasis>Sa</emphasis>, followed "
+#| "by a pair of times separated by a hyphen. The abbreviation <emphasis>Wk</"
+#| "emphasis> may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and <emphasis>Al</"
+#| "emphasis> may be used to indicate every day. If no days are given, "
+#| "<emphasis>Al</emphasis> is assumed."
+msgid ""
+"Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, "
+"abbreviated <_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/"
+">, <_:emphasis-5/>, <_:emphasis-6/>, and <_:emphasis-7/>, followed by a pair "
+"of times separated by a hyphen. The abbreviation <_:emphasis-8/> may be used "
+"to represent Monday thru Friday, and <_:emphasis-9/> may be used to indicate "
+"every day. If no days are given, <_:emphasis-10/> is assumed."
+msgstr ""
+"Каждая запись времени доступа состоит из нуля или более дней недели, "
+"обозначенных как <emphasis>Su</emphasis>, <emphasis>Mo</emphasis>, "
+"<emphasis>Tu</emphasis>, <emphasis>We</emphasis>, <emphasis>Th</emphasis>, "
+"<emphasis>Fr</emphasis> и <emphasis>Sa</emphasis>, а также временем начала и "
+"конца, записанного через дефис. Сокращение <emphasis>Wk</emphasis> можно "
+"использовать для обозначения периода с понедельника по пятницу, а "
+"<emphasis>Al</emphasis> обозначает каждый день. Если день не задан, то "
+"предполагается <emphasis>Al</emphasis> в качестве значения по умолчанию."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:74
+msgid "EXAMPLES"
+msgstr "ПРИМЕРЫ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:77
+msgid "jfh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following entry allows access to user <emphasis remap=\"B\">jfh</"
+#| "emphasis> on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm."
+msgid ""
+"The following entry allows access to user <_:emphasis-1/> on every port "
+"during weekdays from 9am to 5pm."
+msgstr ""
+"Следующая запись разрешает доступ пользователю <emphasis remap=\"B\">jfh</"
+"emphasis> с любого порта по будням с 9:00 до 17:00."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700"
+msgstr "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "oper"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:86
+msgid "/dev/console"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:83
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following entries allow access only to the users <emphasis>root</"
+#| "emphasis> and <emphasis>oper</emphasis> on <filename>/dev/console</"
+#| "filename> at any time. This illustrates how the <filename>/etc/porttime</"
+#| "filename> file is an ordered list of access times. Any other user would "
+#| "match the second entry which does not permit access at any time."
+msgid ""
+"The following entries allow access only to the users <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> on <_:filename-3/> at any time. This illustrates how the <_:"
+"filename-4/> file is an ordered list of access times. Any other user would "
+"match the second entry which does not permit access at any time."
+msgstr ""
+"Следующие записи разрешают доступ только пользователям <emphasis>root</"
+"emphasis> и <emphasis>oper</emphasis> с <filename>/dev/console</filename> в "
+"любое время. Это показывает, что файл <filename>/etc/porttime</filename> "
+"обрабатывается в порядке появления записей в файле. Любой другой "
+"пользователь попадёт под правило второй записи, которая не разрешает доступ "
+"в любое время."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><programlisting>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      console:root,oper:Al0000-2400\n"
+#| "      console:*:\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "console:root,oper:Al0000-2400 console:*:"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      console:root,oper:Al0000-2400\n"
+"      console:*:\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:99
+msgid "games"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:97
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following entry allows access for the user <emphasis>games</emphasis> "
+#| "on any port during non-working hours."
+msgid ""
+"The following entry allows access for the user <_:emphasis-1/> on any port "
+"during non-working hours."
+msgstr ""
+"Следующая запись разрешает доступ пользователю <emphasis>games</emphasis> с "
+"любого порта в нерабочие часы."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:102
+msgid "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400"
+msgstr "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:48
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "verify integrity of password files"
+msgid "verify the integrity of password files"
+msgstr "проверяет целостность файлов паролей"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "PASSWORDFILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:61 pwck.8.xml.out:106
+msgid "SHADOWFILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:75 pwck.8.xml.out:226
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/motd"
+msgid "/etc/tcb"
+msgstr "/etc/motd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>, when <_:option-2/> is enabled)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>grpck</command> command verifies the integrity of the groups "
+#| "information. It checks that all entries in <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#| "filename></phrase> have the proper format and contain valid data. The "
+#| "user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which "
+#| "have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the users and "
+"authentication information. It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> "
+"and <_:filename-3/> <_:phrase-4/> have the proper format and contain valid "
+"data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted "
+"or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>grpck</command> проверяет целостность информации о "
+"группах в системе. Проверяются формат и правильность данных всех записей в "
+"файлах <filename>/etc/group</filename> и <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>. "
+"В случае обнаружения ошибок пользователю предлагается подтвердить удаление "
+"записей, имеющих неверный формат или восстановление которых невозможно."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:88
+msgid "a unique and valid user name"
+msgstr "уникальность и корректность имени пользователя"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:91
+msgid "a valid user and group identifier"
+msgstr "корректность идентификатора пользователя и группы"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "a valid primary group"
+msgstr "корректность первичной группы"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:97
+msgid "a valid home directory"
+msgstr "корректность домашнего каталога"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:100
+msgid "a valid login shell"
+msgstr "корректность регистрационной оболочки"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:104
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>shadow</filename> checks are enabled when a second file "
+#| "parameter is specified or when <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> exists on "
+#| "the system."
+msgid ""
+"Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file "
+"parameter <_:replaceable-1/> is specified or when <_:filename-2/> exists on "
+"the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Проверки <filename>shadow</filename> выполняются, если указан второй "
+"файловый параметр или когда в системе существует файл <filename>/etc/shadow</"
+"filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:109
+msgid "These checks are the following:"
+msgstr "Выполняются следующие проверки:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"every passwd entry has a matching shadow entry, and every shadow entry has a "
+"matching passwd entry"
+msgstr ""
+"что каждая запись passwd имеет соответствующую запись shadow и каждая запись "
+"shadow имеет соответствующую запись passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "passwords are specified in the shadowed file"
+msgstr "пароли указаны в теневом файле"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:123
+msgid "shadow entries have the correct number of fields"
+msgstr "записи shadow содержат корректное количество полей"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "shadow entries are unique in shadow"
+msgstr "записи shadow уникальны в shadow"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "the last password changes are not in the future"
+msgstr "дата последней смены пароля не находится в будущем"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal. "
+#| "If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to "
+#| "delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all "
+#| "further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated user name is "
+#| "prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All "
+#| "other errors are warning and the user is encouraged to run the "
+#| "<command>usermod</command> command to correct the error."
+msgid ""
+"The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal. If "
+"the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to "
+"delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all "
+"further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated user name is "
+"prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All "
+"other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/"
+"> command to correct the error."
+msgstr ""
+"Ошибки в количестве полей и уникальности имён пользователей невосстановимы. "
+"Если запись содержит неверное число полей, пользователя попросят подтвердить "
+"удаление всей записи. Если пользователь ответит отрицательно, дальнейшая "
+"проверка выполняться не будет. При ошибке повторения имени пользователя "
+"также возникает запрос на удаление, но в случае отказа проверка будет "
+"продолжена. Обо всех остальных ошибках выводится предупреждение и "
+"пользователю предлагается запустить команду <command>usermod</command>, "
+"чтобы исправить ошибку."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:144
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The commands which operate on the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file "
+#| "are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <command>pwck</"
+#| "command> should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending "
+#| "entry."
+msgid ""
+"The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> file are not able to alter "
+"corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-2/> should be used in those "
+"circumstances to remove the offending entry."
+msgstr ""
+"Команды, которые работают с файлом <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>, не "
+"могут изменять повреждённые или дублирующиеся записи. Как раз в этом случае "
+"и нужно использовать <command>pwck</command> для удаления испорченной записи."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:181
+msgid ""
+"Report errors only. The warnings which do not require any action from the "
+"user won't be displayed."
+msgstr ""
+"Сообщать только об ошибках. Предупреждения, которые не требуют от "
+"пользователя никаких действий, показаны не будут."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:190
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Execute the <command>pwck</command> command in read-only mode."
+msgid "Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode."
+msgstr "Выполнять команду <command>pwck</command> в режиме «только чтение»."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Sort entries in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/"
+#| "shadow</filename> by UID."
+msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> by UID."
+msgstr ""
+"Отсортировать все записи в файлах <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> и "
+"<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> по числовому идентификатору пользователя."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:215
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "This option has no effect when <option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled."
+msgid "This option has no effect when <_:option-1/> is enabled."
+msgstr "Этот параметр не действует, если определена <option>USE_TCB</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:225
+msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:222
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, <command>pwck</command> operates on the files <filename>/etc/"
+#| "passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\"> (or the files in <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>)</"
+#| "phrase>. The user may select alternate files with the "
+#| "<replaceable>passwd</replaceable> and <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> "
+#| "parameters."
+msgid ""
+"By default, <_:command-1/> operates on the files <_:filename-2/> and <_:"
+"filename-3/><_:phrase-4/>. The user may select alternate files with the <_:"
+"replaceable-5/> and <_:replaceable-6/> parameters."
+msgstr ""
+"По умолчанию, команда <command>pwck</command> работает с файлами <filename>/"
+"etc/passwd</filename> и <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase "
+"condition=\"tcb\"> (или файлами в <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>)</phrase>. "
+"Пользователь может указать другие файлы с помощью параметров "
+"<replaceable>passwd</replaceable> и <replaceable>shadow</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:231
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that when <option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled, you cannot specify an "
+#| "alternative <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> file. In future releases, "
+#| "this paramater could be replaced by an alternate TCB directory."
+msgid ""
+"Note that when <_:option-1/> is enabled, you cannot specify an alternative "
+"<_:replaceable-2/> file. In future releases, this parameter could be "
+"replaced by an alternate TCB directory."
+msgstr ""
+"Заметим, что если определена <option>USE_TCB</option>, то вы не можете "
+"указать другой файл <replaceable>shadow</replaceable>. В следующих версиях "
+"этим параметром можно будет задать другой каталог TCB."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:301
+msgid "one or more bad password entries"
+msgstr "есть одна или более записей с недопустимыми паролями"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:307
+msgid "can't open password files"
+msgstr "не удалось открыть файл паролей"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:313
+msgid "can't lock password files"
+msgstr "не удалось заблокировать файл паролей"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:319
+msgid "can't update password files"
+msgstr "не удалось изменить файл паролей"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:325
+msgid "can't sort password files"
+msgstr "не удалось отсортировать файл паролей"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:50
+msgid "convert to and from shadow passwords and groups"
+msgstr "преобразует пароли пользователей и групп в/из защищённую форму"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:82 pwconv.8.xml.out:112
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>pwconv</command> command creates <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</"
+#| "emphasis> and an optionally existing <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</"
+#| "emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:emphasis-2/> from <_:emphasis-3/> and "
+"an optionally existing <_:emphasis-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <command>pwconv</command> создаёт файл <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</"
+"emphasis> из файла <emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</emphasis> и необязательно "
+"существующего файла <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:93 pwconv.8.xml.out:251
+msgid "tcb_convert"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>pwconv</command> does not work with <option>USE_TCB</option> "
+#| "enabled. To convert to tcb passwords, you should first use "
+#| "<command>pwconv</command> to convert to shadowed passwords by disabling "
+#| "<option>USE_TCB</option> in <filename>login.defs</filename> and then "
+#| "convert to tcb password using <command>tcb_convert</command> (and re-"
+#| "enable <option>USE_TCB</option> in <filename>login.defs</filename>.)"
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. To convert to tcb "
+"passwords, you should first use <_:command-3/> to convert to shadowed "
+"passwords by disabling <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> and then convert to "
+"tcb password using <_:command-6/> (and re-enable <_:option-7/> in <_:"
+"filename-8/>.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>pwconv</command> не работает, если включена "
+"<option>USE_TCB</option>. Для преобразования паролей tcb, сначала "
+"используйте команду <command>pwconv</command> для преобразования теневых "
+"паролей, выключив <option>USE_TCB</option> в <filename>login.defs</"
+"filename>, а затем преобразуйте пароль tcb с помощью <command>tcb_convert</"
+"command> (и включите <option>USE_TCB</option> в <filename>login.defs</"
+"filename> опять)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:97 pwconv.8.xml.out:118
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:emphasis-2/> from <_:emphasis-3/> and "
+"<_:emphasis-4/> and then removes <_:emphasis-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:106 pwconv.8.xml.out:254
+msgid "tcb_unconvert"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:103
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>pwunconv</command> does not work with <option>USE_TCB</option> "
+#| "enabled. You should first switch back from tcb to shadowed passwords "
+#| "using <command>tcb_unconvert</command>, and then disable <option>USE_TCB</"
+#| "option> in <filename>login.defs</filename> before using "
+#| "<command>pwunconv</command>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. You should first "
+"switch back from tcb to shadowed passwords using <_:command-3/>, and then "
+"disable <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> before using <_:command-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>pwunconv</command> не работает, если включена "
+"<option>USE_TCB</option>. Сначала вам нужно перейти с tcb обратно к "
+"использованию теневых паролей с помощью <command>tcb_unconvert</command>, а "
+"затем выключить <option>USE_TCB</option> в <filename>login.defs</filename> "
+"перед использованием <command>pwunconv</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:125
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and "
+#| "group files: <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>, <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>, and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group "
+"files: <_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>, <_:filename-3/>, and <_:filename-4/"
+">."
+msgstr ""
+"Эти четыре программы работают с файлами обычных или теневых паролей "
+"пользователей и групп: <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>, <filename>/etc/"
+"group</filename>, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> и <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+"filename>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:132
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. "
+#| "<command>pwconv</command> and <command>grpconv</command> are similar. "
+#| "First, entries in the shadowed file which don't exist in the main file "
+#| "are removed. Then, shadowed entries which don't have `x' as the password "
+#| "in the main file are updated. Any missing shadowed entries are added. "
+#| "Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x'. These programs "
+#| "can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if "
+#| "the main file is edited by hand."
+msgid ""
+"Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. <_:command-1/> "
+"and <_:command-2/> are similar. First, entries in the shadowed file which "
+"don't exist in the main file are removed. Then, shadowed entries which don't "
+"have `x' as the password in the main file are updated. Any missing shadowed "
+"entries are added. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with "
+"`x'. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the "
+"shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand."
+msgstr ""
+"Каждая программа выполняет необходимые блокировки перед преобразованиями. "
+"Команды <command>pwconv</command> и <command>grpconv</command> выполняют "
+"схожий порядок действий. Сначала удаляются записи из теневого файла которых "
+"нет в главном файле. Затем обновляются записи в теневом файле которые не "
+"содержат «x» вместо пароля в главном файле. Далее добавляются отсутствующие "
+"теневые записи. Наконец, пароли в главном файле заменяются символом «x». "
+"Данные программы можно использовать как для первоначального преобразования, "
+"так и для обновления теневого файла, если главный файл редактировался "
+"вручную."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:143
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will use the values of <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and "
+"<_:emphasis-4/> from <_:filename-5/> when adding new entries to <_:"
+"filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Likewise <command>pwunconv</command> and <command>grpunconv</command> are "
+#| "similar. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file. "
+#| "Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are "
+#| "left alone. Finally, the shadowed file is removed. Some password aging "
+#| "information is lost by <command>pwunconv</command>. It will convert what "
+#| "it can."
+msgid ""
+"Likewise <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> are similar. Passwords in the "
+"main file are updated from the shadowed file. Entries which exist in the "
+"main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone. Finally, the shadowed "
+"file is removed. Some password aging information is lost by <_:command-3/>. "
+"It will convert what it can."
+msgstr ""
+"Программы <command>pwunconv</command> и <command>grpunconv</command> также "
+"выполняют схожий порядок действий. Пароли в главном файле обновляются из "
+"теневого файла. Записи, которые существуют в главном файле, но не существуют "
+"в теневом файле оставляются как есть. По окончании, теневой файл удаляется. "
+"Информация об устаревании пароля не учитывается программой "
+"<command>pwunconv</command>. Конвертируется только возможное."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:164
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The options which apply to the <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</"
+#| "command> commands are:"
+msgid ""
+"The options which apply to the <_:command-1/>, <_:command-2/>, <_:command-3/"
+">, and <_:command-4/> commands are:"
+msgstr "Параметры команд <command>vipw</command> и <command>vigr</command>:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:194
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate "
+#| "entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other "
+#| "strange ways. Please run <command>pwck</command> and <command>grpck</"
+#| "command> to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow "
+#| "passwords or groups."
+msgid ""
+"Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) "
+"may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways. "
+"Please run <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> to correct any such errors "
+"before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups."
+msgstr ""
+"Ошибки в файлах паролей или групп (типа неверных или дублирующихся записей) "
+"могут зациклить программу или произойдут какие-то другие странные вещи. "
+"Перед конвертацией запустите <command>pwck</command> и <command>grpck</"
+"command>, чтобы исправить возможные ошибки."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename> change the behavior of <command>pwconv</command>:"
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variable in <_:filename-1/> changes the behavior "
+"of <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/>:"
+msgstr ""
+"Следующая переменная настройки в <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+"изменяет поведение <command>pwconv</command>:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:213
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename> change the behavior of <command>pwconv</command>:"
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior "
+"of <_:command-2/>:"
+msgstr ""
+"Следующая переменная настройки в <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+"изменяет поведение <command>pwconv</command>:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:249
+msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:240
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/><_:phrase-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><refmiscinfo>
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:35
+msgid "Library Calls"
+msgstr "Библиотечные функции"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:41 shadow.3.xml.out:160
+msgid "getspnam"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:42
+msgid "encrypted password file routines"
+msgstr "процедуры для работы с файлом шифрованных паролей"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:46
+msgid "SYNTAX"
+msgstr "СИНТАКСИС"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:48
+msgid "#include &lt;shadow.h&gt;"
+msgstr "#include &lt;shadow.h&gt;"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:52
+msgid "struct spwd *getspent();"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspent();"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:56
+msgid "struct spwd *getspnam(char"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspnam(char"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:57
+msgid "*name"
+msgstr "*name"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:57 shadow.3.xml.out:70 shadow.3.xml.out:75
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:81
+msgid ");"
+msgstr ");"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:61
+msgid "void setspent();"
+msgstr "void setspent();"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:65
+msgid "void endspent();"
+msgstr "void endspent();"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:69
+msgid "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE"
+msgstr "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:70 shadow.3.xml.out:81
+msgid "*fp"
+msgstr "*fp"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:74
+msgid "struct spwd *sgetspent(char"
+msgstr "struct spwd *sgetspent(char"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:75
+msgid "*cp"
+msgstr "*cp"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:79
+msgid "int putspent(struct spwd"
+msgstr "int putspent(struct spwd"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:80
+msgid "*p,"
+msgstr "*p,"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:80
+msgid "FILE"
+msgstr "ФАЙЛ"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:85
+msgid "int lckpwdf();"
+msgstr "int lckpwdf();"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:89
+msgid "int ulckpwdf();"
+msgstr "int ulckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:98
+msgid "#include"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:95
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> manipulates the contents of the "
+#| "shadow password file, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. The structure in "
+#| "the <emphasis remap=\"I\">#include</emphasis> file is:"
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> manipulates the contents of the shadow password file, <_:"
+"filename-2/>. The structure in the <_:emphasis-3/> file is:"
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> управляет содержимым файла теневых "
+"паролей, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. Структура в файле <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">#include</emphasis>:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><programlisting>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:100
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "struct spwd {\n"
+#| "      char\t\t*sp_namp; /* user login name */\n"
+#| "      char\t\t*sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_lstchg; /* last password change */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_min; /* days until change allowed. */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_max; /* days before change required */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_inact; /* days before account inactive */\n"
+#| "      long int\t\tsp_expire; /* date when account expires */\n"
+#| "      unsigned long int\tsp_flag; /* reserved for future use */\n"
+#| "}\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid ""
+"struct spwd { char *sp_namp; /* user login name */ char *sp_pwdp; /* "
+"encrypted password */ long int sp_lstchg; /* last password change */ long "
+"int sp_min; /* days until change allowed. */ long int sp_max; /* days before "
+"change required */ long int sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */ long "
+"int sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */ long int sp_expire; /* date "
+"when account expires */ unsigned long int sp_flag; /* reserved for future "
+"use */ }"
+msgstr ""
+"struct spwd {\n"
+"      char\t \t \t*sp_namp;  /* имя пользователя */\n"
+"      char\t \t \t*sp_pwdp;  /* шифрованный пароль */\n"
+"      long int\t \t \tsp_lstchg; /* дата последней смены пароля */\n"
+"      long int\t \t \tsp_min;    /* дней должно пройти между сменами пароля. "
+"*/\n"
+"      long int\t \t \tsp_max;    /* дней перед необходимостью смены пароля "
+"*/\n"
+"      long int\t \t \tsp_warn;   /* дней вывода предупреждения об "
+"устаревании */\n"
+"      long int\t \t \tsp_inact;  /* дней перед тем как учётная запись "
+"заблокируется */\n"
+"      long int\t \t \tsp_expire; /* дата устаревания учётной записи */\n"
+"      unsigned long int\tsp_flag;   /* зарезервировано */\n"
+"}"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:112
+msgid "The meanings of each field are:"
+msgstr "Значение каждого поля:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:115
+msgid "sp_namp - pointer to null-terminated user name"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_namp - указатель на строку с именем пользователя, завершающуюся нулевым "
+"символом"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:118
+msgid "sp_pwdp - pointer to null-terminated password"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_pwdp - указатель на строку с паролем, завершающуюся нулевым символом"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:121
+msgid "sp_lstchg - days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_lstchg - количество дней, когда был изменён пароль последний раз, начиная "
+"с 1 января 1970 года"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:124
+msgid "sp_min - days before which password may not be changed"
+msgstr "sp_min - количество дней, когда можно не менять пароль"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:127
+msgid "sp_max - days after which password must be changed"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_max - количество дней, которое должно пройти, чтобы нужно было поменять "
+"пароль"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:130
+msgid ""
+"sp_warn - days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending "
+"password expiration"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_warn - количество дней, когда будет выдаваться предупреждение о скором "
+"устаревании пароля перед тем как пароль устареет"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"sp_inact - days after password expires that account is considered inactive "
+"and disabled"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_inact - количество дней, которые должны пройти после устаревания пароля, "
+"когда начинать считать, что учётная запись неактивна и заблокирована"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:140
+msgid "sp_expire - days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_expire - дней, после которых учётная запись будет заблокирована, начиная "
+"с 1 января 1970 года"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:143
+msgid "sp_flag - reserved for future use"
+msgstr "sp_flag - зарезервировано"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:152 shadow.3.xml.out:155
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "getspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "getspname"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:153 shadow.3.xml.out:156
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "fgetspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:153 shadow.3.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "sgetspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:154 shadow.3.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "struct spwd *getspent();"
+msgid "struct spwd"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspent();"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:161
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "*name"
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "*name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:151
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis>getspent</emphasis>, <emphasis>getspname</emphasis>, "
+#| "<emphasis>fgetspent</emphasis>, and <emphasis>sgetspent</emphasis> each "
+#| "return a pointer to a <emphasis>struct spwd</emphasis>. "
+#| "<emphasis>getspent</emphasis> returns the next entry from the file, and "
+#| "<emphasis>fgetspent</emphasis> returns the next entry from the given "
+#| "stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format. "
+#| "<emphasis>sgetspent</emphasis> returns a pointer to a <emphasis>struct "
+#| "spwd</emphasis> using the provided string as input. <emphasis>getspnam</"
+#| "emphasis> searches from the current position in the file for an entry "
+#| "matching <emphasis>name</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and <_:emphasis-4/> each "
+"return a pointer to a <_:emphasis-5/>. <_:emphasis-6/> returns the next "
+"entry from the file, and <_:emphasis-7/> returns the next entry from the "
+"given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format. <_:"
+"emphasis-8/> returns a pointer to a <_:emphasis-9/> using the provided "
+"string as input. <_:emphasis-10/> searches from the current position in the "
+"file for an entry matching <_:emphasis-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Функции <emphasis>getspent</emphasis>, <emphasis>getspname</emphasis>, "
+"<emphasis>fgetspent</emphasis> и <emphasis>sgetspent</emphasis> возвращают "
+"указатель на структуру <emphasis>struct spwd</emphasis>. <emphasis>getspent</"
+"emphasis> возвращает следующую запись из файла, а <emphasis>fgetspent</"
+"emphasis> возвращает следующую запись из заданного канала, предполагая, что "
+"это файл правильного формата.<emphasis>sgetspent</emphasis> возвращает "
+"указатель на <emphasis>struct spwd</emphasis>, используя предоставленную "
+"строку в качестве входящих данных. <emphasis>getspnam</emphasis> ищет "
+"начиная с текущей позиции в файле запись по имени <emphasis>name</emphasis>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "void setspent();"
+msgid "setspent"
+msgstr "void setspent();"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "void endspent();"
+msgid "endspent"
+msgstr "void endspent();"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:164
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis>setspent</emphasis> and <emphasis>endspent</emphasis> may be "
+#| "used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> may be used to begin and end, "
+"respectively, access to the shadow password file."
+msgstr ""
+"Функции <emphasis>setspent</emphasis> и <emphasis>endspent</emphasis> можно "
+"использовать для перемещения в начало и конец файла теневых паролей "
+"соответственно."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:171 shadow.3.xml.out:173 shadow.3.xml.out:178
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "int lckpwdf();"
+msgid "lckpwdf"
+msgstr "int lckpwdf();"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:171
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "int ulckpwdf();"
+msgid "ulckpwdf"
+msgstr "int ulckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:174
+msgid "pw_lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:176
+msgid "spw_lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:170
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> and <emphasis>ulckpwdf</emphasis> "
+#| "routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the <filename>/etc/"
+#| "shadow</filename> file. <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> attempts to acquire "
+#| "a lock using <emphasis>pw_lock</emphasis> for up to 15 seconds. It "
+#| "continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using "
+#| "<emphasis>spw_lock</emphasis> for the remainder of the initial 15 "
+#| "seconds. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds, "
+#| "<emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> returns -1. When both locks are acquired 0 "
+#| "is returned."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> routines should be used to insure "
+"exclusive access to the <_:filename-3/> file. <_:emphasis-4/> attempts to "
+"acquire a lock using <_:emphasis-5/> for up to 15 seconds. It continues by "
+"attempting to acquire a second lock using <_:emphasis-6/> for the remainder "
+"of the initial 15 seconds. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 "
+"seconds, <_:emphasis-7/> returns -1. When both locks are acquired 0 is "
+"returned."
+msgstr ""
+"Функции <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> и <emphasis>ulckpwdf</emphasis> "
+"используются для получения монопольного доступа к файлу <filename>/etc/"
+"shadow</filename>. <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> пытается выполнить "
+"блокировку с помощью <emphasis>pw_lock</emphasis> в течении 15 секунд. Далее "
+"выполняется попытка получить вторую блокировку с помощью <emphasis>spw_lock</"
+"emphasis> в течении времени оставшегося от первоначальных 15 секунд. При "
+"неудаче в любой из блокировок в течении 15 секунд, функция "
+"<emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> возвращает -1. Если обе блокировки прошли "
+"успешно возвращается 0."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:184 suauth.5.xml.out:189
+msgid "DIAGNOSTICS"
+msgstr "ДИАГНОСТИКА"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:187
+msgid "int"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:185
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error "
+#| "occurs during processing. Routines which have <emphasis>int</emphasis> as "
+#| "the return value return 0 for success and -1 for failure."
+msgid ""
+"Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs "
+"during processing. Routines which have <_:emphasis-1/> as the return value "
+"return 0 for success and -1 for failure."
+msgstr ""
+"Функции возвращают NULL, если все записи кончились или произошла ошибка во "
+"время работы. Функции, возвращающие <emphasis>int</emphasis>, возвращают 0 "
+"при успешном выполнении и -1 в случае неудачи."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"These routines may only be used by the superuser as access to the shadow "
+"password file is restricted."
+msgstr ""
+"Данные функции могут использоваться только суперпользователем, так как "
+"доступ к файлу теневых паролей ограничен."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:217
+msgid "getpwent"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "shadowed password file"
+msgstr "файл теневых паролей"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>shadow</filename> is a file which contains the password "
+#| "information for the system's accounts and optional aging information."
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> is a file which contains the password information for the "
+"system's accounts and optional aging information."
+msgstr ""
+"Файл <filename>shadow</filename> содержит шифрованные пароли учётных записей "
+"пользователей и необязательную информацию об устаревании пароля."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (<quote>:</"
+#| "quote>), in the following order:"
+msgid ""
+"Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (<_:quote-1/"
+">), in the following order:"
+msgstr ""
+"Каждая строка файла содержит 9 полей, разделённых двоеточиями (<quote>:</"
+"quote>), расположенных в следующем порядке:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "It must be a valid account name, which exist on the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Должно содержать правильное имя учётной записи, которая существует в системе."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to "
+#| "authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications "
+#| "which read the <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file may decide not to "
+#| "permit any access at all if the password field is empty."
+msgid ""
+"This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to "
+"authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications which "
+"read the <_:filename-1/> file may decide not to permit any access at all if "
+"the password field is empty."
+msgstr ""
+"Это поле может быть пустым, то есть для указанной учётной записи не "
+"требуется аутентификация по паролю. Однако, некоторые приложения, читающие "
+"файл <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>, могут вообще отказать в доступе, если "
+"поле пароля пусто."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:103
+msgid "date of last password change"
+msgstr "дата последней смены пароля"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:106
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days "
+#| "since Jan 1, 1970."
+msgid ""
+"The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since "
+"Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC."
+msgstr "Дата последней смены пароля в днях начиная с 1 января 1970 года."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:110
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change "
+#| "her pasword the next time she will log in the system."
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her "
+"password the next time she will log in the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Значение 0 имеет специальное предназначение: оно указывает, что пользователь "
+"должен сменить пароль в следующий раз при входе в систему."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:115
+msgid "An empty field means that password aging features are disabled."
+msgstr "Пустое значение обозначает, что проверка устаревания пароля выключена."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:122
+msgid "minimum password age"
+msgstr "минимальный срок действия пароля"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"The minimum password age is the number of days the user will have to wait "
+"before she will be allowed to change her password again."
+msgstr ""
+"Минимальный срок действия пароля в днях, которые пользователь должен ждать, "
+"чтобы поменять пароль."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no minimum password age."
+msgid "An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age."
+msgstr "Пустое значение поля и 0 отключают минимальный срок действия пароля."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:136
+msgid "maximum password age"
+msgstr "максимальный срок действия пароля"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"The maximum password age is the number of days after which the user will "
+"have to change her password."
+msgstr ""
+"Максимальный срок действия пароля в днях, после которого пользователь должен "
+"изменить пароль."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:142
+msgid ""
+"After this number of days is elapsed, the password may still be valid. The "
+"user should be asked to change her password the next time she will log in."
+msgstr ""
+"По прошествии этого количества дней пароль может быть ещё действительным. "
+"Пользователя нужно попросить изменить пароль при следующем входе."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:147
+msgid ""
+"An empty field means that there are no maximum password age, no password "
+"warning period, and no password inactivity period (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Пустое значение поля означает, что нет максимального срока действия пароля, "
+"нет периода предупреждения о пароле и нет периода неактивности пароля "
+"(смотрите далее)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:152
+msgid ""
+"If the maximum password age is lower than the minimum password age, the user "
+"cannot change her password."
+msgstr ""
+"Если максимальный срок действия пароля меньше чем минимальный срок действия "
+"пароля, то пользователь не сможет изменить свой пароль."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:160
+msgid "password warning period"
+msgstr "период предупреждения о пароле"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:163
+msgid ""
+"The number of days before a password is going to expire (see the maximum "
+"password age above) during which the user should be warned."
+msgstr ""
+"Количество дней до устаревания пароля (смотрите максимальный срок действия "
+"пароля) во время которых пользователю выдаётся предупреждение."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:168
+msgid ""
+"An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no password warning period."
+msgstr "Пустое значение поля и 0 отключают период предупреждения о пароле."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:176
+msgid "password inactivity period"
+msgstr "период неактивности пароля"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:179
+msgid ""
+"The number of days after a password has expired (see the maximum password "
+"age above) during which the password should still be accepted (and the user "
+"should update her password during the next login)."
+msgstr ""
+"Количество дней после устаревания пароля (смотрите максимальный срок "
+"действия пароля) во время которых пароль всё ещё принимается (и пользователь "
+"должен обновить свой пароль при следующем входе)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:185
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, "
+#| "no login is possible using the current user's password. The user should "
+#| "contact her administrator."
+msgid ""
+"After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no "
+"login is possible for the user. The user should contact her administrator."
+msgstr ""
+"После устаревания пароля и истечения этого периода устаревания вход с "
+"текущим паролем становится невозможным. Пользователь должен обратиться к "
+"администратору."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:190
+msgid ""
+"An empty field means that there are no enforcement of an inactivity period."
+msgstr "Пустое значение поля означает, что период неактивности отсутствует."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:198
+msgid "account expiration date"
+msgstr "дата истечения срока действия учётной записи"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:201
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days "
+#| "since Jan 1, 1970."
+msgid ""
+"The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since "
+"Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC."
+msgstr ""
+"Дата истечения срока действия учётной записи, указывается в днях начиная с 1 "
+"января 1970 года."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration. In "
+#| "case of an acount expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login. In "
+#| "case of a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her "
+#| "password."
+msgid ""
+"Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration. In case "
+"of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login. In case of "
+"a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password."
+msgstr ""
+"Заметим, что устаревание учётной записи отличается от устаревания пароля. "
+"При устаревании учётной записи пользователь не сможет войти в систему. При "
+"устаревании пароля пользователь не может войти в систему по этому паролю."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:211
+msgid "An empty field means that the account will never expire."
+msgstr "Пустое значение обозначает, что учётная запись никогда не устаревает."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:214
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 should not be used as it is interpreted as either an account "
+"with no expiration, or as an expiration on Jan 1, 1970."
+msgstr ""
+"Значение 0 не должно использоваться, так как это может рассматриваться как "
+"неустаревающая учётная запись или что запись устарела 1 января 1970 года."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:222
+msgid "reserved field"
+msgstr "зарезервированное поле"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:224
+msgid "This field is reserved for future use."
+msgstr "Это поле зарезервировано для использования в будущем."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:246
+msgid "/etc/shadow-"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:248
+msgid "Backup file for /etc/shadow."
+msgstr "резервная копия файла /etc/shadow"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: sg.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "execute command as different group ID"
+msgstr "выполняет команду с правами другой группы"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: sg.1.xml.out:49
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group <placeholder-1/> command"
+msgid "group <_:arg-1/> command"
+msgstr "группа <placeholder-1/> команда"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: sg.1.xml.out:58
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>sg</command> command works similar to <command>newgrp</"
+#| "command> but accepts a command. The command will be executed with the "
+#| "<filename>/bin/sh</filename> shell. With most shells you may run "
+#| "<command>sg</command> from, you need to enclose multi-word commands in "
+#| "quotes. Another difference between <command>newgrp</command> and "
+#| "<command>sg</command> is that some shells treat <command>newgrp</command> "
+#| "specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that "
+#| "<command>newgrp</command> creates. This doesn't happen with <command>sg</"
+#| "command>, so upon exit from a <command>sg</command> command you are "
+#| "returned to your previous group ID."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command works similar to <_:command-2/> but accepts a "
+"command. The command will be executed with the <_:filename-3/> shell. With "
+"most shells you may run <_:command-4/> from, you need to enclose multi-word "
+"commands in quotes. Another difference between <_:command-5/> and <_:"
+"command-6/> is that some shells treat <_:command-7/> specially, replacing "
+"themselves with a new instance of a shell that <_:command-8/> creates. This "
+"doesn't happen with <_:command-9/>, so upon exit from a <_:command-10/> "
+"command you are returned to your previous group ID."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <command>sg</command> работает подобно команде <command>newgrp</"
+"command>, но в качестве параметра ожидает команду. Команда будет выполнена "
+"оболочкой <filename>/bin/sh</filename>. В большинстве оболочек, откуда может "
+"запускаться <command>sg</command>, команду из нескольких слов нужно "
+"заключать в кавычки. Другим отличием между <command>newgrp</command> и "
+"<command>sg</command> является то, что некоторые оболочки воспринимают "
+"<command>newgrp</command> особенным образом, заменяя себя новым экземпляром "
+"оболочки, которую создаёт <command>newgrp</command>. Этого не происходит с "
+"командой <command>sg</command>, поэтому после завершения работы <command>sg</"
+"command> вы возвращаетесь в предыдущую группу."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: su.1.xml.out:58
+msgid "change user ID or become superuser"
+msgstr "изменяет ID пользователя или делает его суперпользователем"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:72
+msgid "args"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:80
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>su</command> command is used to become another user during a "
+#| "login session. Invoked without a <option>username</option>, <command>su</"
+#| "command> defaults to becoming the superuser. The optional argument "
+#| "<option>-</option> may be used to provide an environment similar to what "
+#| "the user would expect had the user logged in directly."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to become another user during a login "
+"session. Invoked without a <_:option-2/>, <_:command-3/> defaults to "
+"becoming the superuser. The <_:option-4/> option may be used to provide an "
+"environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in "
+"directly. The <_:option-5/> option may be used to treat the next argument as "
+"a command by most shells."
+msgstr ""
+"Программа <command>su</command> используется для того, чтобы пользователь "
+"мог стать другим пользователем в текущем сеансе. Если <command>su</command> "
+"вызывается без <option>имени_пользователя</option>, то это по умолчанию "
+"делает пользователя суперпользователем. Необязательный параметр <option>-</"
+"option> можно использовать для воссоздания окружения, такого же как если бы "
+"настоящий пользователь выполнял вход в систему."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:92 su.1.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "--"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:90
+msgid ""
+"Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list. You can use the <_:"
+"option-1/> argument to stop option parsing. The <_:option-2/> option is "
+"special: it is also recognized after <_:option-3/>, but has to be placed "
+"before <_:option-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:98
+msgid ""
+"The user will be prompted for a password, if appropriate. Invalid passwords "
+"will produce an error message. All attempts, both valid and invalid, are "
+"logged to detect abuse of the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Пользователю предложат ввести пароль, если он задан. При неверном пароле "
+"возникает сообщение об ошибке. Все попытки, удачные и неудачные, "
+"протоколируются системой с целью обнаружения злоупотреблений."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: su.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "/bin:/usr/bin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: su.1.xml.out:106
+msgid "/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:108 su.1.xml.out:220
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "$PATH"
+msgid "ENV_PATH"
+msgstr "$PATH"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:108 su.1.xml.out:221
+msgid "ENV_SUPATH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:103
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of "
+#| "<envar>$PATH</envar> is reset to <filename>/bin:/usr/bin</filename> for "
+#| "normal users, or <filename>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</filename> for "
+#| "the superuser. This may be changed with the <option>ENV_PATH</option> and "
+#| "<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> definitions in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of <_:envar-1/"
+"> is reset to <_:filename-2/> for normal users, or <_:filename-3/> for the "
+"superuser. This may be changed with the <_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/> "
+"definitions in <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Текущее окружение передаётся новой оболочке. Значение <envar>$PATH</envar> "
+"сбрасывается в значение <filename>/bin:/usr/bin</filename> для обычных "
+"пользователей или в <filename>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</filename> для "
+"суперпользователя. Эти значения можно изменить в переменных "
+"<option>ENV_PATH</option> и <option>ENV_SUPATH</option> в файле <filename>/"
+"etc/login.defs</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+msgid "--command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+msgid "COMMAND"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its <option>-c</"
+#| "option>."
+msgid ""
+"Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its <_:option-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Указать команду, которая будет запущена оболочкой в виде параметра для "
+"<option>-c</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The executed command will have no controlling terminal. This option "
+#| "cannot be used to execute interractive programs which need a controlling "
+#| "TTY."
+msgid ""
+"The executed command will have no controlling terminal. This option cannot "
+"be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY."
+msgstr ""
+"Запускаемая программа не будет иметь управляющего терминала. Этот параметр "
+"не может быть использован для запуска интерактивных программ, которым "
+"требуется управляющий TTY."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:156 su.1.xml.out:256 su.1.xml.out:263
+#: su.1.xml.out:273 su.1.xml.out:286 usermod.8.xml.out:217
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "--login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: su.1.xml.out:143 su.1.xml.out:206
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>"
+msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:147
+msgid ""
+"Provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user "
+"logged in directly."
+msgstr ""
+"Предоставляет окружение, как если бы пользователь непосредственно "
+"регистрировался в системе."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:151
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When <option>-</option> is used, it must be specified as the last "
+#| "<command>su</command> option. The other forms (<option>-l</option> and "
+#| "<option>--login</option>) do not have this restriction."
+msgid ""
+"When <_:option-1/> is used, it must be specified before any <_:option-2/>. "
+"For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any <_:"
+"option-3/>. The other forms (<_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/>) do not have "
+"this restriction."
+msgstr ""
+"Если используется <option>-</option>, то он должен быть задан последним "
+"параметром <command>su</command>. Другие формы (<option>-l</option> и "
+"<option>--login</option>) не имеют этого ограничения."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:166
+msgid "The shell that will be invoked."
+msgstr "Оболочка, которая будет запущена."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:174
+msgid "The shell specified with --shell."
+msgstr "Оболочка указанная в параметре --shell."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:178 su.1.xml.out:208
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Preserve environment."
+msgid "--preserve-environment"
+msgstr "Сохранить окружение."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:177
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--preserve-environment</option> is used, the shell specified "
+#| "by the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environment variable."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the shell specified by the <_:envar-2/> "
+"environment variable."
+msgstr ""
+"Если используется <option>--preserve-environment</option>, то оболочка "
+"задаётся переменной окружения <envar>$SHELL</envar>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:184
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The shell indicated in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> entry for the "
+#| "target user."
+msgid "The shell indicated in the <_:filename-1/> entry for the target user."
+msgstr ""
+"Оболочка, указанная в записи файла <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> для "
+"заданного пользователя."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:190
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/bin/sh</filename> if a shell could not be found by any above "
+#| "method."
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> if a shell could not be found by any above method."
+msgstr ""
+"<filename>/bin/sh</filename>, если ни одной оболочке не было найдено с "
+"помощью методов, указанных выше."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:167
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): <placeholder-1/"
+#| ">"
+msgid ""
+"The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): <_:variablelist-1/"
+">"
+msgstr ""
+"Запущенная оболочка выбирается из (в порядке убывания приоритета): "
+"<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:195
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of this "
+#| "user's entry in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> is not listed in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/shells</filename>), then the <option>--shell</option> "
+#| "option or the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environment variable won't be taken "
+#| "into account, unless <command>su</command> is called by root."
+msgid ""
+"If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of this "
+"user's entry in <_:filename-1/> is not listed in <_:filename-2/>), then the "
+"<_:option-3/> option or the <_:envar-4/> environment variable won't be taken "
+"into account, unless <_:command-5/> is called by root."
+msgstr ""
+"Если заданный пользователь имеет ограниченную оболочку (то есть оболочка в "
+"поле пользовательской записи в файле <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> "
+"отсутствует в файле <filename>/etc/shells</filename>), то параметр <option>--"
+"shell</option> или переменная окружения <envar>$SHELL</envar> не будут "
+"учтены, если <command>su</command> не была запущена суперпользователем."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:217
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "reset according to the <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> options "
+#| "<option>ENV_PATH</option> or <option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (see below);"
+msgid ""
+"reset according to the <_:filename-1/> options <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/"
+"> (see below);"
+msgstr ""
+"сбрасывается в значение <option>ENV_PATH</option> или <option>ENV_SUPATH</"
+"option> (смотрите далее) из <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/envar
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:226 su.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "$IFS"
+msgstr "$IFS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: su.1.xml.out:230
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "reset to <quote>&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;</quote>, if it "
+#| "was set."
+msgid "&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;"
+msgstr ""
+"сбрасывается в значение <quote>&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;</"
+"quote>, если она установлена."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:228
+msgid "reset to <_:quote-1/>, if it was set."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Preserve the current environment, except for: <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "Preserve the current environment, except for: <_:variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr "Сохранить текущее окружение за исключением: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:237
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect "
+#| "(unless <command>su</command> is called by root)."
+msgid ""
+"If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless "
+"<_:command-1/> is called by root)."
+msgstr ""
+"Если заданный пользователь имеет ограниченную оболочку, то этот параметр не "
+"сработает (если <command>su</command> не запускается суперпользователем)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:248
+msgid "$USER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:246
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <envar>$HOME</envar>, <envar>$SHELL</envar>, <envar>$USER</envar>, "
+#| "<envar>$LOGNAME</envar>, <envar>$PATH</envar>, and <envar>$IFS</envar> "
+#| "environment variables are reset."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:envar-1/>, <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, <_:envar-5/>, "
+"and <_:envar-6/> environment variables are reset."
+msgstr ""
+"Переменные окружение <envar>$HOME</envar>, <envar>$SHELL</envar>, "
+"<envar>$USER</envar>, <envar>$LOGNAME</envar>, <envar>$PATH</envar> и "
+"<envar>$IFS</envar> сбрасываются."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:255
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--login</option> is not used, the environment is copied, "
+#| "except for the variables above."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is not used, the environment is copied, except for the "
+"variables above."
+msgstr ""
+"Если параметр <option>--login</option> не указан, то окружение копируется, "
+"за исключением переменных, перечисленных выше."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:264
+msgid "$COLORTERM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:265
+msgid "$DISPLAY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:266
+msgid "$XAUTHORITY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:262
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--login</option> is used, the <envar>$TERM</envar>, "
+#| "<envar>$COLORTERM</envar>, <envar>$DISPLAY</envar>, and "
+#| "<envar>$XAUTHORITY</envar> environment variables are copied if they were "
+#| "set."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, and "
+"<_:envar-5/> environment variables are copied if they were set."
+msgstr ""
+"Если параметр <option>--login</option> указан, то переменные окружения "
+"<envar>$TERM</envar>, <envar>$COLORTERM</envar>, <envar>$DISPLAY</envar> и "
+"<envar>$XAUTHORITY</envar> копируются (если они установлены)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:274
+msgid "$TZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:274
+msgid "$HZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:279
+msgid "ENV_HZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:279 userdel.8.xml.out:116
+msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgstr "MAIL_DIR"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:280
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgid "MAIL_FILE"
+msgstr "MAIL_DIR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:272
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--login</option> is used, the <envar>$TZ</envar>, <envar>$HZ</"
+#| "envar>, and <envar>$MAIL</envar> environment variables are set according "
+#| "to the <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> options <option>ENV_TZ</"
+#| "option>, <option>ENV_HZ</option>, <option>MAIL_DIR</option>, and "
+#| "<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (see below)."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, and <_:envar-4/> "
+"environment variables are set according to the <_:filename-5/> options <_:"
+"option-6/>, <_:option-7/>, <_:option-8/>, and <_:option-9/> (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Если параметр <option>--login</option> указан, то переменные окружения "
+"<envar>$TZ</envar>, <envar>$HZ</envar> и <envar>$MAIL</envar> "
+"устанавливаются согласно переменным файла <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+"filename>: <option>ENV_TZ</option>, <option>ENV_HZ</option>, "
+"<option>MAIL_DIR</option> и <option>MAIL_FILE</option> (смотрите далее)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:288
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "ENVIRONMENT"
+msgid "ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr "ОКРУЖЕНИЕ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:285
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--login</option> is used, other environment variables might be "
+#| "set by the <option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> file (see below)."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, other environment variables might be set by the <_:"
+"option-2/> file (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Если параметр <option>--login</option> указан, то дополнительные переменные "
+"окружения могут быть установлены из файла <option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> "
+"(смотрите далее)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:293
+msgid "Other environments might be set by PAM modules."
+msgstr ""
+"Дополнительные переменные окружения могут быть установлены из модулей PAM."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:241
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: "
+#| "<placeholder-1/>"
+msgid ""
+"Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: <_:"
+"variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr "Заметим, что поведение окружения по умолчанию таково: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:367
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "On success, <command>su</command> returns the exit value of the command "
+#| "it executed."
+msgid ""
+"On success, <_:command-1/> returns the exit value of the command it executed."
+msgstr ""
+"При успешном выполнении <command>su</command> возвращает код выхода команды, "
+"которая была выполнена."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:371
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this command was terminated by a signal, <command>su</command> returns "
+#| "the number of this signal plus 128."
+msgid ""
+"If this command was terminated by a signal, <_:command-1/> returns the "
+"number of this signal plus 128."
+msgstr ""
+"Если выполнение команды завершилось по сигналу, то <command>su</command> "
+"возвращает номер этого сигнала плюс 128."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:375
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the "
+#| "command did not terminate in time), <command>su</command> returns 255."
+msgid ""
+"If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the "
+"command did not terminate in time), <_:command-1/> returns 255."
+msgstr ""
+"Если su завершила команду (так как был запрос сделать это и команда не "
+"завершилась в положенное время), то <command>su</command> завершается с "
+"кодом 255."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:387
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "success (<option>--help</option> only)"
+msgid "success (<_:option-1/> only)"
+msgstr "Успешно (только для <option>--help</option>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:393
+msgid "System or authentication failure"
+msgstr "Сбой аутентификации или системы"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:397
+msgid "126"
+msgstr "126"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:399
+msgid "The requested command was not found"
+msgstr "Запрошенная команда не найдена"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:403
+msgid "127"
+msgstr "127"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:405
+msgid "The requested command could not be executed"
+msgstr "Запрошенная команда не может быть выполнена"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:380
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Some exit values from <command>su</command> are independent from the "
+#| "executed command: <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid ""
+"Some exit values from <_:command-1/> are independent from the executed "
+"command: <_:variablelist-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Некоторые коды выхода <command>su</command> не зависят от запускаемой "
+"команды: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:414
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#| "citerefentry>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refname>
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:33 suauth.5.xml.out:40
+msgid "suauth"
+msgstr "suauth"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "detailed su control file"
+msgstr "файл управления командой su"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:46 suauth.5.xml.out:53 suauth.5.xml.out:172
+msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:52
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The file <filename>/etc/suauth</filename> is referenced whenever the su "
+#| "command is called. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based "
+#| "upon:"
+msgid ""
+"The file <_:filename-1/> is referenced whenever the su command is called. It "
+"can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:"
+msgstr ""
+"Файл <filename>/etc/suauth</filename> проверяется каждый раз при запуске "
+"команды su. Он влияет на поведение команды su, в зависимости от:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      1) the user su is targetting\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "1) the user su is targeting"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      1) пользователя, права которого нужно получить с помощью su\n"
+"    "
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:63
+msgid ""
+"2) the user executing the su command (or any groups he might be a member of)"
+msgstr ""
+"2) пользователя, запустившего команду su (или группы, членом которой он "
+"может быть)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:68
+msgid ""
+"The file is formatted like this, with lines starting with a # being treated "
+"as comment lines and ignored;"
+msgstr ""
+"Формат файла показан ниже, строки начинающиеся с # считаются комментарием и "
+"игнорируются;"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:73
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      to-id:from-id:ACTION\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "to-id:from-id:ACTION"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      желаемый-id:желающий-id:ДЕЙСТВИЕ\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "ALL EXCEPT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:77
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Where to-id is either the word <emphasis>ALL</emphasis>, a list of "
+#| "usernames delimited by \",\" or the words <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT</emphasis> "
+#| "followed by a list of usernames delimited by \",\"."
+msgid ""
+"Where to-id is either the word <_:emphasis-1/>, a list of usernames "
+"delimited by \",\" or the words <_:emphasis-2/> followed by a list of "
+"usernames delimited by \",\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Где желаемый-id может быть словом <emphasis>ALL</emphasis>, списком имён "
+"пользователей, перечисленных через запятую («,») или фразы <emphasis>ALL "
+"EXCEPT</emphasis>, после которой идёт список имён пользователей "
+"перечисленных через «,»."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "ALL EXCEPT GROUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:83
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word "
+#| "<emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> is recognised. <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT GROUP</"
+#| "emphasis> is perfectly valid too. Following <emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> "
+#| "appears one or more group names, delimited by \",\". It is not sufficient "
+#| "to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>/etc/group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> is neccessary."
+msgid ""
+"from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word <_:emphasis-1/> "
+"is recognized. <_:emphasis-2/> is perfectly valid too. Following <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> appears one or more group names, delimited by \",\". It is not "
+"sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/> is necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"желающий-id может содержать то же, что и желательный-id, плюс новое "
+"слово<emphasis>GROUP</emphasis>. <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT GROUP</emphasis> тоже "
+"допустимо. После <emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> указывается одна или более "
+"названий групп, разделённых «,». Недостаточно иметь id первичной группы "
+"соответствующей группы, необходимо иметь запись в файле "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>/etc/group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:94
+msgid "Action can be one only of the following currently supported options."
+msgstr "В поле ДЕЙСТВИЕ может быть только одно из следующих значений:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:100
+msgid "DENY"
+msgstr "DENY"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:103
+msgid "The attempt to su is stopped before a password is even asked for."
+msgstr "Команда su останавливает выполнение, даже не спрашивая пароль."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "NOPASS"
+msgstr "NOPASS"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:113
+msgid ""
+"The attempt to su is automatically successful; no password is asked for."
+msgstr "Команда su выполняется без запроса пароля."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:121
+msgid "OWNPASS"
+msgstr "OWNPASS"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"For the su command to be successful, the user must enter his or her own "
+"password. They are told this."
+msgstr ""
+"Чтобы успешно выполнить команду su, пользователь должен ввести свой "
+"собственный пароль."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"Note there are three separate fields delimited by a colon. No whitespace "
+"must surround this colon. Also note that the file is examined sequentially "
+"line by line, and the first applicable rule is used without examining the "
+"file further. This makes it possible for a system administrator to exercise "
+"as fine control as he or she wishes."
+msgstr ""
+"Заметим, что тут используются три поля, разделённых двоеточиями. Никаких "
+"пробелов не допускается около двоеточий. Также заметим, что файл "
+"просматривается строка за строкой, и первое подходящее правило будет "
+"использовано без проверки оставшихся правил. Это позволяет системному "
+"администратору осуществлять любой контроль, какой он пожелает."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:142
+msgid "EXAMPLE"
+msgstr "ПРИМЕР"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:143
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      # sample /etc/suauth file\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      # A couple of privileged usernames may\n"
+#| "      # su to root with their own password.\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      # Anyone else may not su to root unless in\n"
+#| "      # group wheel. This is how BSD does things.\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts\n"
+#| "      # owned by the same person.\n"
+#| "      # Access can be arranged between them\n"
+#| "      # with no password.\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      terry:birddog:NOPASS\n"
+#| "      birddog:terry:NOPASS\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid ""
+"# sample /etc/suauth file # # A couple of privileged usernames may # su to "
+"root with their own password. # root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS # # Anyone else "
+"may not su to root unless in # group wheel. This is how BSD does things. # "
+"root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY # # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts "
+"# owned by the same person. # Access can be arranged between them # with no "
+"password. # terry:birddog:NOPASS birddog:terry:NOPASS #"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      # пример файла /etc/suauth\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      # Пара привилегированных имён пользователей\n"
+"      # могут выполнить su, чтобы получить права суперпользователя введя "
+"свой пароль.\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      # Все остальные не могут выполнить su для получения root, если они \n"
+"      # не члены группы wheel. Так настроено в BSD.\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      # Возможно учётными записями terry и birddog\n"
+"      # владеет один человек.\n"
+"      # Переход из одной записи в другую\n"
+"      # можно сделать без запроса пароля.\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      terry:birddog:NOPASS\n"
+"      birddog:terry:NOPASS\n"
+"      #\n"
+"    "
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:180
+msgid ""
+"There could be plenty lurking. The file parser is particularly unforgiving "
+"about syntax errors, expecting no spurious whitespace (apart from beginning "
+"and end of lines), and a specific token delimiting different things."
+msgstr ""
+"Может быть несколько угроз. Анализатор файла, в частности, не прощает "
+"синтаксических ошибок, ожидая, что не будет недопустимых пробелов (кроме как "
+"в начале и конце строк) и специальных слов, разделяющих различные вещи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:192
+msgid "syslogd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:190
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "An error parsing the file is reported using "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslogd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> as level ERR on facility AUTH."
+msgid ""
+"An error parsing the file is reported using <_:citerefentry-1/> as level ERR "
+"on facility AUTH."
+msgstr ""
+"Ошибки при анализе файла выводятся с помощью "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslogd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+"manvolnum></citerefentry> с уровнем ERR средства AUTH."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:60
+msgid "create a new user or update default new user information"
+msgstr ""
+"регистрирует нового пользователя или изменяет информацию по умолчанию о "
+"новых пользователях"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option>
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:72 useradd.8.xml.out:76 useradd.8.xml.out:86
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:169 useradd.8.xml.out:583 useradd.8.xml.out:585
+msgid "-D"
+msgstr "-D"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When invoked without the <option>-D</option> option, the "
+#| "<command>useradd</command> command creates a new user account using the "
+#| "values specified on the command line plus the default values from the "
+#| "system. Depending on command line options, the <command>useradd</command> "
+#| "command will update system files and may also create the new user's home "
+#| "directory and copy initial files."
+msgid ""
+"When invoked without the <_:option-1/> option, the <_:command-2/> command "
+"creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line "
+"plus the default values from the system. Depending on command line options, "
+"the <_:command-3/> command will update system files and may also create the "
+"new user's home directory and copy initial files."
+msgstr ""
+"При запуске без параметра <option>-D</option> команда <command>useradd</"
+"command> создаёт новую учётную запись пользователя, используя значения из "
+"командной строки и системные значения по умолчанию. В зависимости от "
+"параметров командной строки, команда <command>useradd</command> обновляет "
+"системные файлы, а также может создать домашний каталог нового пользователя "
+"и скопировать начальные файлы настроек."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see <option>-"
+#| "g</option>, <option>-N</option>, <option>-U</option>, and "
+#| "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option>)."
+msgid ""
+"By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see <_:option-1/"
+">, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, and <_:option-4/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"По умолчанию, для нового пользователя также создаётся группа (смотрите "
+"параметры <option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option>, <option>-U</option> и "
+"<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:592
+msgid "--base-dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:124 useradd.8.xml.out:159
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:592 useradd.8.xml.out:598
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgid "BASE_DIR"
+msgstr "MAIL_DIR"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:123 useradd.8.xml.out:151 useradd.8.xml.out:156
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:161 usermod.8.xml.out:112
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgid "HOME_DIR"
+msgstr "MAIL_DIR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:121
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default base directory for the system if <option>-d</option>&nbsp;"
+#| "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> is not specified. "
+#| "<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> is concatenated with the account name "
+#| "to define the home directory. If the <option>-m</option> option is not "
+#| "used, <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> must exist."
+msgid ""
+"The default base directory for the system if <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/"
+"> is not specified. <_:replaceable-3/> is concatenated with the account name "
+"to define the home directory."
+msgstr ""
+"Базовый системный каталог по умолчанию, если другой каталог не указан с "
+"помощью параметра <option>-d</option>. Значение "
+"<replaceable>БАЗОВЫЙ_КАТАЛОГ</replaceable> объединяется с именем учётной "
+"записи для определения домашнего каталога. Если не указан параметр <option>-"
+"m</option>, то <replaceable>БАЗОВЫЙ_КАТАЛОГ</replaceable> должен "
+"существовать."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:131 useradd.8.xml.out:603
+msgid "HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:189 useradd.8.xml.out:212
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:250 useradd.8.xml.out:293 useradd.8.xml.out:343
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:393 useradd.8.xml.out:523 useradd.8.xml.out:604
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:616 useradd.8.xml.out:633 useradd.8.xml.out:649
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:663 useradd.8.xml.out:677 useradd.8.xml.out:767
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:419
+msgid "/etc/default/useradd"
+msgstr "/etc/default/useradd"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><arg><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "home_ph"
+msgid "/home"
+msgstr "домашний телефон"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this option is not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the "
+#| "base directory specified by the <option>HOME</option> variable in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or <filename>/home</filename> "
+#| "by default."
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the base directory "
+"specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or <_:filename-4/"
+"> by default."
+msgstr ""
+"Если этот параметр не задан, то команда <command>useradd</command> будет "
+"использовать базовый каталог, указанный в переменной <option>HOME</option> в "
+"файле <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> иначе <filename>/home</"
+"filename> (по умолчанию)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "--comment"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "COMMENT"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:142
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Any text string. It is generally a short description of the login, and is "
+#| "currently used as the field for the user's full name."
+msgid ""
+"Any text string. It is generally a short description of the account, and is "
+"currently used as the field for the user's full name."
+msgstr ""
+"Любая текстовая строка. Обычно, здесь коротко описывается учётная запись, и "
+"в настоящее время используется как поле для имени и фамилии пользователя."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "--home-dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:154
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The new user will be created using <replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> as "
+#| "the value for the user's login directory. The default is to append the "
+#| "<replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> name to <replaceable>BASE_DIR</"
+#| "replaceable> and use that as the login directory name. The directory "
+#| "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> does not have to exist but will not "
+#| "be created if it is missing."
+msgid ""
+"The new user will be created using <_:replaceable-1/> as the value for the "
+"user's login directory. The default is to append the <_:replaceable-2/> name "
+"to <_:replaceable-3/> and use that as the login directory name. If the "
+"directory <_:replaceable-4/> does not exist, then it will be created unless "
+"the <_:option-5/> option is specified."
+msgstr ""
+"Для создаваемого пользователя будет использован каталог "
+"<replaceable>ДОМАШНИЙ_КАТАЛОГ</replaceable> в качестве начального каталога. "
+"По умолчанию, это значение получается объединением <replaceable>ИМЕНИ</"
+"replaceable> пользователя с <replaceable>БАЗОВЫМ_КАТАЛОГОМ</replaceable> и "
+"используется как имя домашнего каталога. Каталог "
+"<replaceable>ДОМАШНИЙ_КАТАЛОГ</replaceable> необязательно должен "
+"существовать, но не будет создан, если его нет."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:169
+msgid "--defaults"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "See below, the subsection \"Changing the default values\"."
+msgstr "Смотрите далее в подразделе «Изменение значений по умолчанию»."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:184 usermod.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "YYYY-MM-DD"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:182
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is "
+#| "specified in the format <emphasis remap=\"I\">YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified "
+"in the format <_:emphasis-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Дата, когда учётная запись пользователя будет заблокирована. Дата задаётся в "
+"формате <emphasis remap=\"I\">ГГГГ-ММ-ДД</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:188 useradd.8.xml.out:615 usermod.8.xml.out:418
+msgid "EXPIRE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:186
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the default expiry "
+#| "date specified by the <option>EXPIRE</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "default/useradd</filename>, or an empty string (no expiry) by default."
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the default expiry date specified "
+"by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or an empty string (no "
+"expiry) by default."
+msgstr ""
+"Если этот параметр не задан, то команда <command>useradd</command> будет "
+"использовать дату устаревания по умолчанию, указанную в переменной "
+"<option>EXPIRE</option> в файле <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, "
+"иначе пустую строку (без устаревания, по умолчанию)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:199
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where "
+"the user is expected to replace this password. The value is stored in the "
+"shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no "
+"delay. An input of -1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password "
+"file. See <_:citerefentry-1/>for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:208
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the default "
+#| "inactivity period specified by the <option>INACTIVE</option> variable in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or -1 by default."
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the default inactivity period "
+"specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or -1 by default."
+msgstr ""
+"Если этот параметр не задан, то команда <command>useradd</command> будет "
+"использовать срок неактивности по умолчанию, указанный в переменной "
+"<option>INACTIVE</option> в файле <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> "
+"или -1 (по умолчанию)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:218 useradd.8.xml.out:482
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-F"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:218
+msgid "--add-subids-for-system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:221
+msgid ""
+"Update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> even when creating a system "
+"account with <_:option-3/> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:233
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The group name or number of the user's initial login group. The group "
+#| "name must exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group."
+msgid ""
+"The name or the number of the user's primary group. The group name must "
+"exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group."
+msgstr ""
+"Имя или числовой идентификатор первичной группы пользователя. Группа с таким "
+"именем должна существовать. Идентификатор группы должен указывать на уже "
+"существующую группу."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "-U/--user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:247
+msgid "-N/--no-user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:238
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If not specified, the behavior of <command>useradd</command> will depend "
+#| "on the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> variable in <filename>/etc/login."
+#| "defs</filename>. If this variable is set to <replaceable>yes</"
+#| "replaceable> (or <option>-U/--user-group</option> is specified on the "
+#| "command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name "
+#| "as her loginname. If the variable is set to <replaceable>no</replaceable> "
+#| "(or <option>-N/--no-user-group</option> is specified on the command "
+#| "line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value "
+#| "specified by the <option>GROUP</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "default/useradd</filename>, or 100 by default."
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, the behavior of <_:command-1/> will depend on the <_:"
+"option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>. If this variable is set to <_:"
+"replaceable-4/> (or <_:option-5/> is specified on the command line), a group "
+"will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname. If the "
+"variable is set to <_:replaceable-6/> (or <_:option-7/> is specified on the "
+"command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the "
+"value specified by the <_:option-8/> variable in <_:filename-9/>, or 1000 by "
+"default."
+msgstr ""
+"Если не указан, то поведение <command>useradd</command> зависит от "
+"переменной <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> в файле <filename>/etc/login."
+"defs</filename>. Если значение этой переменной равно <replaceable>yes</"
+"replaceable> (или в командной строке указан параметр <option>-U/--user-"
+"group</option>), то для пользователя будет создана группа с тем же именем "
+"как его имя для входа. Если значение переменной равно <replaceable>no</"
+"replaceable> (или в  командной строке указан параметр <option>-N/--no-user-"
+"group</option>), то useradd установит первичную группу нового пользователя "
+"равной значению переменной <option>GROUP</option> из файла <filename>/etc/"
+"default/useradd</filename>, или 100 (по умолчанию)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:83 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:322
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-G"
+msgstr "-"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "--groups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "GROUP1"
+msgstr "ГРУППА"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid ",GROUP2,..."
+msgstr "ГРУППА"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid ",GROUPN"
+msgstr "ГРУППА"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:256 usermod.8.xml.out:198
+msgid ""
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>[<_:emphasis-4/>[<_:"
+"emphasis-5/>]]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:260
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+#| "group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening "
+#| "whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group "
+#| "given with the <option>-g</option> option. The default is for the user to "
+#| "belong only to the initial group."
+msgid ""
+"A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+"group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. "
+"The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the "
+"<_:option-1/> option. The default is for the user to belong only to the "
+"initial group."
+msgstr ""
+"Список дополнительных групп, в которых числится пользователь. Перечисление "
+"групп осуществляется через запятую, без промежуточных пробелов. На указанные "
+"группы действуют те же ограничения, что и для группы указанной в параметре "
+"<option>-g</option>. По умолчанию пользователь входит только в начальную "
+"группу."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+msgid "--skel"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgid "SKEL_DIR"
+msgstr "MAIL_DIR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:281
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied "
+#| "in the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by "
+#| "<command>useradd</command>."
+msgid ""
+"The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in "
+"the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by <_:"
+"command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Каталог с шаблонами, который содержит файлы и каталоги для копирования в "
+"домашний каталог пользователя при создании домашнего каталога командой "
+"<command>useradd</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:288 useradd.8.xml.out:350
+msgid "--create-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:286
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is only valid if the <option>-m</option> (or <option>--create-"
+#| "home</option>) option is specified."
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid if the <_:option-1/> (or <_:option-2/>) option is "
+"specified."
+msgstr ""
+"Этот параметр можно использовать только с параметром <option>-m</option> "
+"(или <option>--create-home</option>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:292
+msgid "SKEL"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:294
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/skel/"
+msgid "/etc/skel"
+msgstr "/etc/skel/"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:290
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the "
+#| "<option>SKEL</option> variable in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+#| "filename> or, by default, <filename>/etc/skel</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the <_:"
+"option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/> or, by default, <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Если этот параметр не задан, то каталог шаблонов определяется переменной "
+"<option>SKEL</option> из файла <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, "
+"или равен <filename>/etc/skel</filename> (по умолчанию)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "If possible, the ACLs and extended attributes are copied."
+msgstr "Если возможно, выполняется копирование ACL и расширенных атрибутов."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:306
+msgid ""
+"Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (<_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:"
+"option-4/>, <_:option-5/> and others)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:312
+msgid ""
+"Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> can be used "
+"when creating an account to turn off password aging. Multiple <_:option-4/> "
+"options can be specified, e.g.: <_:option-5/> <_:replaceable-6/> =<_:"
+"replaceable-7/> <_:option-8/> <_:replaceable-9/>=<_:replaceable-10/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330
+msgid "--no-log-init"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:332
+msgid "Do not add the user to the lastlog and faillog databases."
+msgstr "Не добавлять пользователя в базы данных lastlog и faillog."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:335
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are "
+#| "resetted to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user."
+msgid ""
+"By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are "
+"reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user."
+msgstr ""
+"По умолчанию, записи пользователя в базах данных lastlog и faillog "
+"сбрасываются во избежание повторного использования записи, оставшейся от "
+"ранее удалённого пользователя."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:342
+msgid "LOG_INIT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:340
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will also consult the "
+"variable <_:option-2/> in the <_:filename-3/> if set to no the user will not "
+"be added to the lastlog and faillog databases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:353
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and "
+#| "directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined "
+#| "with the <option>-k</option> option) will be copied to the home directory."
+msgid ""
+"Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and "
+"directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with "
+"the <_:option-1/> option) will be copied to the home directory."
+msgstr ""
+"Создать домашний каталог пользователя, если он не существует. Файлы и "
+"каталоги, содержащиеся в каталоге шаблонов (который можно указать с помощью "
+"параметра the <option>-k</option> option), будут скопированы в домашний "
+"каталог."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:361 useradd.8.xml.out:379 useradd.8.xml.out:475
+msgid "CREATE_HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:359
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, if this option is not specified and <option>CREATE_HOME</"
+#| "option> is not enabled, no home directories are created."
+msgid ""
+"By default, if this option is not specified and <_:option-1/> is not "
+"enabled, no home directories are created."
+msgstr ""
+"По умолчанию, если этот параметр не указан и не задана переменная "
+"<option>CREATE_HOME</option>, домашний каталог не создаётся."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:364
+msgid ""
+"The directory where the user's home directory is created must exist and have "
+"proper SELinux context and permissions. Otherwise the user's home directory "
+"cannot be created or accessed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:373
+msgid "--no-create-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:376
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Do no create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting "
+#| "from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>) "
+#| "is set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Do not create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting "
+"from <_:filename-1/> (<_:option-2/>) is set to <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Не создавать домашний каталог пользователя, даже если значение системной "
+"переменной в файле <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+"(<option>CREATE_HOME</option>) равно <replaceable>yes</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:386
+msgid "--no-user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:389
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to "
+#| "the group specified by the <option>-g</option> option or by the "
+#| "<option>GROUP</option> variable in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to "
+"the group specified by the <_:option-1/> option or by the <_:option-2/> "
+"variable in <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Не создавать группу с тем же именем как у пользователя, но добавить "
+"пользователя в группу, заданную параметром <option>-g</option> или "
+"переменной <option>GROUP</option> из файла <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+"filename>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:408
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Allow the creation of a user account with a duplicate (non-unique) UID."
+msgid "allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID."
+msgstr "Разрешить создание учётной записи с уже имеющимся (не уникальным) UID."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:412 usermod.8.xml.out:277
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> option. As a "
+"user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and "
+"permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system's "
+"behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account "
+"of the given UID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:428
+msgid ""
+"defines an initial password for the account. PASSWORD is expected to be "
+"encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>. Within a shell script, this "
+"option allows to create efficiently batches of users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:435
+msgid ""
+"Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password "
+"defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of <_:"
+"filename-1/>. This is a state where the user won't be able to access the "
+"account or to define a password himself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:443
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis role=\"bold\">Note:</emphasis> This option is not recommended "
+#| "because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users "
+#| "listing the processes."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/>Avoid this option on the command line because the password "
+"(or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">Замечание:</emphasis> Этот параметр использовать не "
+"рекомендуется, так как пароль (или не шифрованный пароль) будет видим "
+"другими пользователям в списке процессов."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:471
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that <command>useradd</command> will not create a home directory for "
+#| "such an user, regardless of the default setting in <filename>/etc/login."
+#| "defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>). You have to specify the "
+#| "<option>-m</option> options if you want a home directory for a system "
+#| "account to be created."
+msgid ""
+"Note that <_:command-1/> will not create a home directory for such a user, "
+"regardless of the default setting in <_:filename-2/> (<_:option-3/>). You "
+"have to specify the <_:option-4/> options if you want a home directory for a "
+"system account to be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Заметим, что <command>useradd</command> не создаёт домашний каталог для "
+"данного пользователя независимо от значения по умолчанию в <filename>/etc/"
+"login.defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>). Если вы хотите создать "
+"домашний каталог  для системной учётной записи укажите параметр <option>-m</"
+"option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:479
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that <command>useradd</command> will not create a home directory for "
+#| "such an user, regardless of the default setting in <filename>/etc/login."
+#| "defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>). You have to specify the "
+#| "<option>-m</option> options if you want a home directory for a system "
+#| "account to be created."
+msgid ""
+"Note that this option will not update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>. "
+"You have to specify the <_:option-3/> options if you want to update the "
+"files for a system account to be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Заметим, что <command>useradd</command> не создаёт домашний каталог для "
+"данного пользователя независимо от значения по умолчанию в <filename>/etc/"
+"login.defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>). Если вы хотите создать "
+"домашний каталог  для системной учётной записи укажите параметр <option>-m</"
+"option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:520
+msgid ""
+"sets the path to the user's login shell. Without this option, the system "
+"will use the <_:option-1/> variable specified in <_:filename-2/>, or, if "
+"that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in <_:filename-3/> "
+"remains empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+msgid "--uid"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GID"
+msgid "UID"
+msgstr "GID"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:534
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless "
+#| "the <option>-o</option> option is used. The value must be non-negative. "
+#| "The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to "
+#| "<option>UID_MIN</option> and greater than every other user."
+msgid ""
+"The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless the "
+"<_:option-1/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The default is "
+"to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-2/> and "
+"greater than every other user."
+msgstr ""
+"Числовое значение идентификатора пользователя (ID). Оно должно быть "
+"уникальным, если не используется параметр <option>-o</option>. Значение "
+"должно быть неотрицательным. По умолчанию используется наименьшее значение "
+"ID большее или равное <option>UID_MIN</option> и большее чем у остальных "
+"пользователей."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:549
+msgid "--user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:552
+msgid ""
+"Create a group with the same name as the user, and add the user to this "
+"group."
+msgstr ""
+"Создать группу с тем же именем что и у пользователя, и добавить пользователя "
+"в эту группу."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 userdel.8.xml.out:153 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-Z"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 userdel.8.xml.out:153 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "--selinux-user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "SEUSER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:573
+msgid "semanage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:569
+msgid ""
+"defines the SELinux user for the new account. Without this option, a SELinux "
+"uses the default user. Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-"
+"user, it uses <_:citerefentry-1/> for that."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:581
+msgid "Changing the default values"
+msgstr "Изменение значений по умолчанию"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:582
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When invoked with only the <option>-D</option> option, <command>useradd</"
+#| "command> will display the current default values. When invoked with "
+#| "<option>-D</option> plus other options, <command>useradd</command> will "
+#| "update the default values for the specified options. Valid default-"
+#| "changing options are:"
+msgid ""
+"When invoked with only the <_:option-1/> option, <_:command-2/> will display "
+"the current default values. When invoked with <_:option-3/> plus other "
+"options, <_:command-4/> will update the default values for the specified "
+"options. Valid default-changing options are:"
+msgstr ""
+"При запуске программы только с параметром <option>-D</option> команда "
+"<command>useradd</command> показывает текущие значения по умолчанию. Если "
+"программа запускается с параметром <option>-D</option> вместе с другими "
+"параметрами, то <command>useradd</command> обновляет значения по умолчанию "
+"этих указанных параметров. Изменяемые параметры:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:595
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will be "
+#| "affixed to the end of <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> to form the new "
+#| "user's home directory name, if the <option>-d</option> option is not used "
+#| "when creating a new account."
+msgid ""
+"sets the path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will "
+"be affixed to the end of <_:replaceable-1/> to form the new user's home "
+"directory name, if the <_:option-2/> option is not used when creating a new "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"Начальная часть пути нового домашнего каталога пользователя. Имя "
+"пользователя будет добавлено в конец <replaceable>ДОМАШНЕГО_КАТАЛОГА</"
+"replaceable> для создания имени нового каталога, если при создании новой "
+"учётной записи не указан параметр <option>-d</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:602 useradd.8.xml.out:614 useradd.8.xml.out:631
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:647 useradd.8.xml.out:661
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option sets the <option>HOME</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "default/useradd</filename>."
+msgid "This option sets the <_:option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Этот параметр изменяет переменную <option>HOME</option> в файле <filename>/"
+"etc/default/useradd</filename>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:613
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The date on which the user account is disabled."
+msgid "sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled."
+msgstr "Дата, когда учётная запись пользователя заблокирована."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:625
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where "
+"the user is expected to replace this password. See <_:citerefentry-1/>for "
+"more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:642
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The group name or ID for a new user's initial group. The named group must "
+#| "exist, and a numerical group ID must have an existing entry."
+msgid ""
+"sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group "
+"names or a numerical group ID. The named group must exist, and the GID must "
+"have an existing entry."
+msgstr ""
+"Имя или числовой идентификатор новой начальной группы пользователя. Группа с "
+"таким именем должна существовать и для числового идентификатора должна быть "
+"запись."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:658
+msgid "defines the default login shell for new users."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:673
+msgid "NOTES"
+msgstr "ЗАМЕЧАНИЯ"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:675 useradd.8.xml.out:779
+msgid "/etc/skel/"
+msgstr "/etc/skel/"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:674
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user "
+#| "files in the <filename>/etc/skel/</filename> directory (or any other "
+#| "skeleton directory specified in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> "
+#| "or on the command line)."
+msgid ""
+"The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files "
+"in the <_:filename-1/> directory (or any other skeleton directory specified "
+"in <_:filename-2/> or on the command line)."
+msgstr ""
+"Системный администратор сам решает, какие файлы нужно положить в каталог "
+"<filename>/etc/skel/</filename> (или в любой другой каталог шаблонов, "
+"указанный в <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> или в командной "
+"строке)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:683
+msgid ""
+"You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+"Нельзя добавить пользователя в группу NIS или LDAP. Это необходимо делать на "
+"соответствующем сервере."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:688
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database "
+#| "such as NIS or LDAP, <command>useradd</command> will deny the user "
+#| "account creation request."
+msgid ""
+"Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such "
+"as NIS or LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the user account creation request."
+msgstr ""
+"Также, если имя пользователя уже существует во внешней базе данных такой как "
+"NIS или LDAP, то <command>useradd</command> не станет создавать учётную "
+"запись пользователя."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:702
+msgid "ls"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:694
+msgid ""
+"Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, "
+"underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not "
+"allowed at the beginning of the username. Fully numeric usernames and "
+"usernames . or .. are also disallowed. It is not recommended to use "
+"usernames beginning with . character as their home directories will be "
+"hidden in the <_:command-1/> output."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:704
+msgid "Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgstr "Имена пользователей могут быть длиной не более 32 знаков."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:769
+msgid "Default values for account creation."
+msgstr "значения по умолчанию для создаваемой учётной записи"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><filename>
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/default/useradd"
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-pre.d/*"
+msgstr "/etc/default/useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-post.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773 userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "<_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775 userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "OPTIONS"
+msgid "ACTION"
+msgstr "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775 userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "SUBJECT"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "useradd"
+msgid "useradd-pre.d"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "useradd"
+msgid "useradd-post.d"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid ""
+"Run-part files to execute during user addition. The environment variable <_:"
+"command-1/> will be populated with useradd and <_:command-2/> with the <_:"
+"command-3/>. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user addition. <_:"
+"filename-5/> will execute after user addition. If a script exits non-zero "
+"then execution will terminate."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:781
+msgid "Directory containing default files."
+msgstr "каталог, содержащий файлы по умолчанию"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:819 userdel.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "can't update password file"
+msgstr "не удалось изменить файл паролей"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:837
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "UID already in use (and no <option>-o</option>)"
+msgid "UID already in use (and no <_:option-1/>)"
+msgstr "такой UID уже существует (и не задан параметр <option>-o</option>)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:849
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "username or group name already in use"
+msgstr "такое имя группы уже используется"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:861
+msgid "can't create home directory"
+msgstr "не удалось создать домашний каталог"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:865
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "1"
+msgid "14"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:867
+msgid "can't update SELinux user mapping"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:876 usermod.8.xml.out:603
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:phrase-10/> "
+"<_:citerefentry-11/>, <_:citerefentry-12/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:47
+msgid "delete a user account and related files"
+msgstr "удаляет учётную запись и файлы пользователя"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>userdel</command> command modifies the system account files, "
+#| "deleting all entries that refer to the user name <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">LOGIN</emphasis>. The named user must exist."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all "
+"entries that refer to the user name <_:emphasis-2/>. The named user must "
+"exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <command>userdel</command> изменяет системные файлы учётных записей, "
+"удаляя все записи, относящиеся к указанному <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">имени_пользователя</emphasis>. Заданная учётная запись должна "
+"существовать."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:79
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is "
+#| "still logged in. It also forces <command>userdel</command> to remove the "
+#| "user's home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same "
+#| "home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user. "
+#| "If <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> is defined to <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">yes</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> and if "
+#| "a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group "
+#| "will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user."
+msgid ""
+"This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is "
+"still logged in. It also forces <_:command-1/> to remove the user's home "
+"directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory "
+"or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user. If <_:option-2/> is "
+"defined to <_:emphasis-3/> in <_:filename-4/> and if a group exists with the "
+"same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it "
+"is still the primary group of another user."
+msgstr ""
+"С этим параметром учётная запись будет удалена, даже если пользователь в "
+"этот момент работает в системе. Он также заставляет <command>userdel</"
+"command> удалить домашний каталог пользователя и почтовый ящик, даже если "
+"другой пользователь использует тот же домашний каталог или если почтовый "
+"ящик не принадлежит данному пользователю. Если значение "
+"<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> равно <emphasis remap=\"I\">yes</emphasis> "
+"в файле <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> и если существует группа с "
+"именем удаляемого пользователя, то это группа будет удалена, даже если она "
+"всё ещё является первичной группой другого пользователя."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis>Note:</emphasis> This option is dangerous and may leave your "
+#| "system in an inconsistent state."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an "
+"inconsistent state."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis>Замечание:</emphasis> Этот параметр опасно использовать; он может "
+"привести систему в нерабочее состояние."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:106 usermod.8.xml.out:317
+msgid "--remove"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:109
+msgid ""
+"Files in the user's home directory will be removed along with the home "
+"directory itself and the user's mail spool. Files located in other file "
+"systems will have to be searched for and deleted manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Файлы в домашнем каталоге пользователя будут удалены вместе с самим домашним "
+"каталогом и почтовым ящиком. Пользовательские файлы, расположенные в других "
+"файловых системах, нужно искать и удалять вручную."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:115
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The mail spool is defined by the <option>MAIL_DIR</option> variable in "
+#| "the <filename>login.defs</filename> file."
+msgid ""
+"The mail spool is defined by the <_:option-1/> variable in the <_:filename-2/"
+"> file."
+msgstr ""
+"Имя файла почтового ящика задаётся переменной <option>MAIL_DIR</option> в "
+"файле <filename>login.defs</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:156
+msgid "Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user's login."
+msgstr ""
+"Удаляет все пользовательские сопоставления SELinux для учётной записи "
+"пользователя."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-pre.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-post.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><command>
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "userdel"
+msgid "userdel-pre.d"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><command>
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "userdel"
+msgid "userdel-post.d"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid ""
+"Run-part files to execute during user deletion. The environment variable <_:"
+"command-1/> will be populated with <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/> with "
+"the username. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user deletion. "
+"<_:filename-5/> will execute after user deletion. If a script exits non-zero "
+"then execution will terminate."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:255
+msgid "specified user doesn't exist"
+msgstr "указанный пользователь не существует"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:261
+msgid "user currently logged in"
+msgstr "пользователь сейчас работает в системе"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:273
+msgid "can't remove home directory"
+msgstr "не удалось удалить домашний каталог"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:282
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>userdel</command> will not allow you to remove an account if "
+#| "there are running processes which belong to this account. In that case, "
+#| "you may have to kill those processes or lock the user's password or "
+#| "account and remove the account later. The <option>-f</option> option can "
+#| "force the deletion of this account."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will not allow you to remove an account if there are running "
+"processes which belong to this account. In that case, you may have to kill "
+"those processes or lock the user's password or account and remove the "
+"account later. The <_:option-2/> option can force the deletion of this "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <command>userdel</command> не позволит удалить учётную запись, если "
+"есть запущенные процессы, принадлежащие данной учётной записи. В этом случае "
+"вы можете удалить эти процессы или заблокировать пароль пользователя или "
+"учётную запись, а затем удалить учётную запись. Если указан параметр "
+"<option>-f</option>, то учётная запись будет удалена несмотря ни на что."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:289
+msgid ""
+"You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain "
+"owned by this user."
+msgstr ""
+"Вы должны вручную проверить все файловые системы, чтобы убедиться, что не "
+"осталось файлов, принадлежащих этому пользователю."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:293
+msgid ""
+"You may not remove any NIS attributes on a NIS client. This must be "
+"performed on the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+"Нельзя удалить NIS атрибуты клиента NIS. Это необходимо сделать на NIS "
+"сервере."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:296
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> is defined to <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">yes</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, "
+#| "<command>userdel</command> will delete the group with the same name as "
+#| "the user. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, "
+#| "<command>userdel</command> will check that this group is not used as a "
+#| "primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the "
+#| "group otherwise. The <option>-f</option> option can force the deletion of "
+#| "this group."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is defined to <_:emphasis-2/> in <_:filename-3/>, <_:"
+"command-4/> will delete the group with the same name as the user. To avoid "
+"inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, <_:command-5/> will check "
+"that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will "
+"just warn without deleting the group otherwise. The <_:option-6/> option can "
+"force the deletion of this group."
+msgstr ""
+"Если значение переменной <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> равно <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">yes</emphasis> в файле <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, то "
+"<command>userdel</command> удалит группу с именем как у пользователя. Чтобы "
+"избежать рассогласованности в базах данных групп и паролей, "
+"<command>userdel</command> проверит, что данная группа не используется в "
+"качестве первичной для другого пользователя, и выдаст предупреждение без "
+"удаления, если такое случится. Параметр <option>-f</option> поможет удалить "
+"группу в любом случае."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:309
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:phrase-9/> <_:citerefentry-10/>, "
+"<_:citerefentry-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:48
+msgid "modify a user account"
+msgstr "изменяет учётную запись пользователя"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:63
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:81
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <option>-G</"
+#| "option> option."
+msgid ""
+"Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:option-1/> "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"Добавить пользователя в дополнительную группу(ы). Использовать только вместе "
+"с параметром <option>-G</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:102
+msgid ""
+"update the comment field of the user in <_:filename-1/>, which is normally "
+"modified using the <_:citerefentry-2/> utility."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><arg><replaceable>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:112 usermod.8.xml.out:260
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "home_ph"
+msgid "--home"
+msgstr "домашний телефон"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "The user's new login directory."
+msgstr "Домашний каталог нового пользователя."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:118
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <option>-m</option> option is given, the contents of the current "
+#| "home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created "
+#| "if it does not already exist."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:option-1/> option is given, the contents of the current home "
+"directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it "
+"does not already exist. If the current home directory does not exist the new "
+"home directory will not be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Если указан параметр <option>-m</option>, то содержимое текущего домашнего "
+"каталога будет перемещено в новый домашний каталог, который будет создан, "
+"если он ещё не существует."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:132
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is "
+#| "specified in the format <emphasis remap=\"I\">YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified "
+"in the format <_:emphasis-1/>. Integers as input are interpreted as days "
+"after 1970-01-01."
+msgstr ""
+"Дата, когда учётная запись пользователя будет заблокирована. Дата задаётся в "
+"формате <emphasis remap=\"I\">ГГГГ-ММ-ДД</emphasis>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"An input of -1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in "
+"the shadow password file. The account will remain available with no date "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:143 usermod.8.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option requires a <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file. A "
+#| "<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> entry will be created if there were none."
+msgid ""
+"This option requires a <_:filename-1/> file. A <_:filename-2/> entry will be "
+"created if there were none."
+msgstr ""
+"Для этого параметра требуется файл <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. При "
+"отсутствии в <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> создаётся необходимая запись."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:155
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age "
+"during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password. "
+"This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the "
+"shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no "
+"delay. An input of -1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password "
+"file. See <_:citerefentry-1/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:177
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The group name or number of the user's new initial login group. The group "
+#| "must exist."
+msgid ""
+"The name or numerical ID of the user's new primary group. The group must "
+"exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Имя или числовой идентификатор новой первичной группы пользователя. Группа с "
+"таким именем должна существовать."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:181
+msgid ""
+"Any file from the user's home directory owned by the previous primary group "
+"of the user will be owned by this new group."
+msgstr ""
+"Все файлы в домашнем каталоге пользователя, принадлежавшие предыдущей "
+"первичной группе пользователя, будут принадлежать новой группе."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:185
+msgid ""
+"The group ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be "
+"fixed manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Группового владельца файлов вне домашнего каталога нужно изменить вручную."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:193 usermod.8.xml.out:393
+msgid "/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:189
+msgid ""
+"The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user's home "
+"directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the "
+"current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home "
+"directories such as <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:202
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+#| "group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening "
+#| "whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group "
+#| "given with the <option>-g</option> option."
+msgid ""
+"A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+"group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. "
+"The groups must exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Список дополнительных групп, в которых числится пользователь. Перечисление "
+"групп осуществляется через запятую, без промежуточных пробелов. На указанные "
+"группы действуют те же ограничения, что и для группы указанной в параметре "
+"<option>-g</option>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:207
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the "
+#| "user will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via "
+#| "the <option>-a</option> option, which appends the user to the current "
+#| "supplementary group list."
+msgid ""
+"If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user "
+"will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the <_:"
+"option-1/> option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group "
+"list."
+msgstr ""
+"Если пользователь — член группы, которой в указанном списке нет, то "
+"пользователь удаляется из этой группы. Такое поведение можно изменить с "
+"помощью параметра <option>-a</option>, при указании которого к уже "
+"имеющемуся списку групп пользователя добавляется список указанных "
+"дополнительных групп."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217 usermod.8.xml.out:223
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "LOGIN"
+msgid "NEW_LOGIN"
+msgstr "УЧЁТНАЯ_ЗАПИСЬ"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:220
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The name of the user will be changed from <replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#| "replaceable> to <replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>. Nothing else is "
+#| "changed. In particular, the user's home directory or mail spool should "
+#| "probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name."
+msgid ""
+"The name of the user will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>. Nothing else is changed. In particular, the user's home "
+"directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the "
+"new login name."
+msgstr ""
+"Имя пользователя будет изменено с <replaceable>ИМЯ</replaceable> на "
+"<replaceable>НОВОЕ_ИМЯ</replaceable>. Больше ничего не меняется. В "
+"частности, вероятно, должно быть изменено имя домашнего каталога и почтового "
+"ящика, чтобы отразить изменение имени пользователя."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:231 usermod.8.xml.out:411
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-L"
+msgstr "-"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:234
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted "
+#| "password, effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option "
+#| "with <option>-p</option> or <option>-U</option>."
+msgid ""
+"Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password, "
+"effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with <_:"
+"option-1/> or <_:option-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Заблокировать пароль пользователя. Это делается помещением символа «!» в "
+"начало шифрованного пароля, чтобы приводит к блокировке пароля. Не "
+"используйте этот параметр вместе с <option>-p</option> или <option>-U</"
+"option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:240
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), "
+#| "you should also set the <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> to "
+#| "<replaceable>1</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you "
+"should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Замечание: если вы хотите заблокировать учётную запись (не только доступ по "
+"паролю), также установите значение <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> в "
+"<replaceable>1</replaceable>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:250
+msgid "--move-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:253
+msgid ""
+"moves the content of the user's home directory to the new location. If the "
+"current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be "
+"created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:258
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-u</option> "
+#| "option."
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> (or <_:"
+"option-2/>) option."
+msgstr ""
+"Этот параметр можно использовать только с параметром <option>-u</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:262
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>usermod</command> will try to adapt the ownership of the files "
+#| "and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes "
+#| "might be needed afterwards."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the "
+"modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed "
+"afterwards."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <command>usermod</command> пытается изменить владельцев файлов и "
+"копирует права, ACL и расширенные атрибуты, но после неё всё равно могут "
+"потребоваться некоторые ручные действия."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:274
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When used with the <option>-u</option> option, this option allows to "
+#| "change the user ID to a non-unique value."
+msgid "allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value."
+msgstr ""
+"При использовании с параметром <option>-u</option>, этот параметр позволяет "
+"указывать не уникальный числовой идентификатор пользователя."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:293
+msgid ""
+"defines a new password for the user. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, "
+"as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:298
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis role=\"bold\">Note:</emphasis> This option is not recommended "
+#| "because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users "
+#| "listing the processes."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> Avoid this option on the command line because the password "
+"(or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">Замечание:</emphasis> Этот параметр использовать не "
+"рекомендуется, так как пароль (или не шифрованный пароль) будет видим "
+"другими пользователям в списке процессов."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:303
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The password will be written in the local <filename>/etc/passwd</"
+#| "filename> or <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file. This might differ "
+#| "from the password database configured in your PAM configuration."
+msgid ""
+"The password will be written in the local <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/> "
+"file. This might differ from the password database configured in your PAM "
+"configuration."
+msgstr ""
+"Пароль будет записан в локальный файл <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> или "
+"<filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. Это может вызвать расхождения с базой "
+"данных паролей, настроенной в PAM."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <option>-G</"
+#| "option> option."
+msgid ""
+"Remove the user from named supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:"
+"option-1/> option."
+msgstr ""
+"Добавить пользователя в дополнительную группу(ы). Использовать только вместе "
+"с параметром <option>-G</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:344
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes within the directory tree starting with <_:replaceable-1/> and "
+"use as well the configuration files located there. This option does not "
+"chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some "
+"limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication "
+"is using the host files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:360
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank "
+#| "causes the system to select the default login shell."
+msgid ""
+"changes the user's login shell. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field "
+"in <_:filename-1/> and logs the user into the system's default shell."
+msgstr ""
+"Имя новой регистрационной оболочки пользователя. Если задать пустое "
+"значение, то будет использована регистрационная оболочка по умолчанию."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:372
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The new numerical value of the user's ID."
+msgid "The new value of the user's ID."
+msgstr "Новый числовой идентификатор пользователя (UID)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:375
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This value must be unique, unless the <option>-o</option> option is used. "
+#| "The value must be non-negative."
+msgid ""
+"This value must be unique, unless the <_:option-1/> option is used. The "
+"value must be non-negative."
+msgstr ""
+"Оно должно быть уникальным, если не используется параметр <option>-o</"
+"option>. Значение должно быть неотрицательным."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:380
+msgid ""
+"The user's mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are located "
+"in the user's home directory will have the file user ID changed "
+"automatically."
+msgstr ""
+"Для почтового ящика и всех файлов, которыми владеет пользователь и которые "
+"расположены в его домашнем каталоге, идентификатор владельца файла будет "
+"изменён автоматически."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:385
+msgid ""
+"The ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be fixed "
+"manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Для файлов, расположенных вне домашнего каталога, идентификатор нужно "
+"изменять вручную."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:389
+msgid ""
+"The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user's home "
+"directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the "
+"current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home "
+"directories such as <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:408
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted "
+#| "password. You can't use this option with <option>-p</option> or <option>-"
+#| "L</option>."
+msgid ""
+"Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted "
+"password. You can't use this option with <_:option-1/> or <_:option-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Разблокировать пароль пользователя. Это выполняется удалением символа «!» из "
+"начала шифрованного пароля. Не используйте этот параметр вместе с <option>-"
+"p</option> или <option>-L</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:417
+msgid "99999"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:413
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a "
+#| "password), you should also set the <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> "
+#| "(for example to <replaceable>99999</replaceable>, or to the "
+#| "<option>EXPIRE</option> value from <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+#| "filename>)."
+msgid ""
+"Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), "
+"you should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> (for example to <_:replaceable-2/"
+">, or to the <_:option-3/> value from <_:filename-4/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Замечание: если вы хотите разблокировать учётную запись (не только доступ по "
+"паролю), также установите значение <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> "
+"(например, в to <replaceable>99999</replaceable> или равным значению "
+"<option>EXPIRE</option> из файла <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-v"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "--add-subuids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "FIRST"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "LAST"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:424 usermod.8.xml.out:442 usermod.8.xml.out:462
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:480
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>-<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:428
+msgid "Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:431 usermod.8.xml.out:469
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:436 usermod.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "SUB_UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:436 usermod.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "SUB_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:437 usermod.8.xml.out:457
+msgid "SUB_UID_COUNT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:434 usermod.8.xml.out:454 usermod.8.xml.out:472
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:492
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "No checks will be performed with regard to the <option>UID_MIN</option>, "
+#| "<option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>, or "
+#| "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"No checks will be performed with regard to <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or "
+"<_:option-3/> from /etc/login.defs."
+msgstr ""
+"Никаких проверок по <option>UID_MIN</option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>, "
+"<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> или <option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> из <filename>/"
+"etc/login.defs</filename> не производится."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><option>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-V"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "--del-subuids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:446
+msgid "Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:449
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the "
+"removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid "
+"range is added."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:463 usermod.8.xml.out:489
+msgid "--add-subgids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:466
+msgid "Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:474 usermod.8.xml.out:494
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+msgid "SUB_GID_MIN"
+msgstr "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:474 usermod.8.xml.out:494
+msgid "SUB_GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:475 usermod.8.xml.out:495
+msgid "SUB_GID_COUNT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481 usermod.8.xml.out:489
+msgid "--del-subgids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:484
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user's login."
+msgid "Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+"Удаляет все пользовательские сопоставления SELinux для учётной записи "
+"пользователя."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:487
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the "
+"removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid "
+"range is added."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:504
+msgid ""
+"defines the SELinux user to be mapped with <_:replaceable-1/>. An empty "
+"string (\"\") will remove the respective entry (if any). Note that the "
+"shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses semanage(8) for that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:518
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes "
+#| "when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the "
+#| "user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. "
+#| "<command>usermod</command> checks this on Linux, but only check if the "
+#| "user is logged in according to utmp on other architectures."
+msgid ""
+"You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes "
+"when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the "
+"user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. <_:command-1/> "
+"checks this on Linux. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check "
+"if the user is logged in."
+msgstr ""
+"Вы должны убедиться, что от указанного пользователя не запущено никаких "
+"процессов, если при выполнении этой команды изменяется числовой "
+"пользовательский ID, имя пользователя или домашний каталог пользователя. В "
+"Linux команда <command>usermod</command> выполняет такую проверку, но на "
+"других архитектурах проверяется только присутствие пользователя в системе "
+"согласно данным utmp."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:527
+msgid "crontab"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:528
+msgid "at"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:526
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You must change the owner of any <command>crontab</command> files or "
+#| "<command>at</command> jobs manually."
+msgid ""
+"You must change the owner of any <_:command-1/> files or <_:command-2/> jobs "
+"manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Вы должны вручную изменить владельца всех файлов <command>crontab</command> "
+"или заданий <command>at</command>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:530
+msgid "You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS server."
+msgstr "Вы должны сделать все изменения NIS на сервере NIS самостоятельно."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:559
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Group account information."
+msgid "Group account information"
+msgstr "содержит информацию о группах"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:565
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Secure group account information."
+msgid "Secure group account informatio."
+msgstr "содержит защищаемую информацию о группах"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:571
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Shadow password suite configuration."
+msgid "Shadow password suite configuration"
+msgstr "содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:577
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "User account information."
+msgid "User account information"
+msgstr "содержит информацию о пользователях"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:583
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Secure user account information."
+msgid "Secure user account information"
+msgstr "содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:589
+msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:595
+msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><command>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:43 vipw.8.xml.out:57 vipw.8.xml.out:67 vipw.8.xml.out:86
+msgid "vigr"
+msgstr "vigr"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:44
+msgid "edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file"
+msgstr ""
+"позволяют редактировать файлы паролей, групп, теневых паролей пользователей "
+"или групп."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "VISUAL"
+msgid "$VISUAL"
+msgstr "VISUAL"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:76
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "EDITOR"
+msgid "$EDITOR"
+msgstr "EDITOR"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><command>
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:77 vipw.8.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "vipw"
+msgid "vi"
+msgstr "vipw"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:66
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</command> commands edits "
+#| "the files <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>, respectively. With the <option>-s</option> flag, they will "
+#| "edit the shadow versions of those files, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> "
+#| "and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, respectively. The programs will "
+#| "set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption. When looking for an "
+#| "editor, the programs will first try the environment variable "
+#| "<envar>$VISUAL</envar>, then the environment variable <envar>$EDITOR</"
+#| "envar>, and finally the default editor, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands edits the files <_:filename-3/"
+"> and <_:filename-4/>, respectively. With the <_:option-5/> flag, they will "
+"edit the shadow versions of those files, <_:filename-6/> and <_:filename-7/"
+">, respectively. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file "
+"corruption. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the "
+"environment variable <_:envar-8/>, then the environment variable <_:envar-9/"
+">, and finally the default editor, <_:citerefentry-10/>."
+msgstr ""
+"С помощью программ <command>vipw</command> и <command>vigr</command> можно "
+"изменять файлы <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> и <filename>/etc/group</"
+"filename>, соответственно. Если указан параметр <option>-s</option>, то "
+"будут редактироваться теневые версии этих файлов, <filename>/etc/shadow</"
+"filename> и <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, соответственно. На время "
+"работы программы устанавливают блокировку для предотвращения повреждения "
+"файла. При выборе редактора программы сначала проверяют переменную окружения "
+"<envar>$VISUAL</envar>, затем <envar>$EDITOR</envar>, и если ничего не "
+"найдено, запускают стандартный редактор <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:84
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The options which apply to the <command>passwd</command> command are:"
+msgid ""
+"The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands "
+"are:"
+msgstr "Параметры команды <command>passwd</command>:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "Edit group database."
+msgstr "Редактировать базу данных групп."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:102
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "--passwd"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "Edit passwd database."
+msgstr "Редактировать базу данных passwd."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><emphasis>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "shadow"
+msgid "--shadow"
+msgstr "shadow"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "Edit shadow or gshadow database."
+msgstr "Редактировать базу данных shadow или gshadow."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "Indicates which user's tcb shadow file to edit."
+msgstr "Указать какой пользовательский теневой файл tcb редактировать."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:154
+msgid "ENVIRONMENT"
+msgstr "ОКРУЖЕНИЕ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:157 vipw.8.xml.out:165
+msgid "VISUAL"
+msgstr "VISUAL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:159
+msgid "Editor to be used."
+msgstr "Редактор, который будет вызван."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:163
+msgid "EDITOR"
+msgstr "EDITOR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Editor to be used if <option>VISUAL</option> is not set."
+msgid "Editor to be used if <_:option-1/> is not set."
+msgstr ""
+"Редактор, который будет вызван, если не задана переменная <option>VISUAL</"
+"option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:220
+msgid "tcb"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:203
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/> <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>КАТ_CHROOT</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>USE_TCB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>USE_TCB</option> (логический)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> password shadowing "
+#~ "scheme will be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если значение равно <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, то будет "
+#~ "использоваться теневая схема паролей <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>usermod</command> command modifies the system account files "
+#~ "to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Команда <command>usermod</command> изменяет системные файлы учётных "
+#~ "записей согласно переданным в командной строке параметрам."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>usermod</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Параметры команды <command>usermod</command>:"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMENT</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>КОММЕНТАРИЙ</replaceable>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally "
+#~ "modified using the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utility."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Новое значение поля комментария в файле пользовательских паролей. Обычно "
+#~ "его изменяют с помощью программы <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~| "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option> "
+#~ "<replaceable>ДОМАШНИЙ_КАТАЛОГ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option> "
+#~ "<replaceable>ДАТА_УСТАРЕВАНИЯ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "An empty <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> argument will disable the "
+#~ "expiration of the account."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Пустое значение аргумента <replaceable>ДАТА_УСТАРЕВАНИЯ</replaceable> "
+#~ "отключает устаревание учётной записи."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>ДНЕЙ</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days after a password expires until the account is "
+#~ "permanently disabled."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Количество дней, которые должны пройти после устаревания пароля, чтобы "
+#~ "учётная запись заблокировалась навсегда."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the password has expired, "
+#~ "and a value of -1 disables the feature."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если указано значение 0, то учётная запись блокируется сразу после "
+#~ "устаревания пароля, а при значении -1 данная возможность не используется."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>ГРУППА</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP1</"
+#~ "replaceable>[<emphasis remap=\"I\">,GROUP2,...</emphasis>[<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">,GROUPN</emphasis>]]]"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>ГРУППА1</"
+#~ "replaceable>[<emphasis remap=\"I\">,ГРУППА2,…</emphasis>[<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">,ГРУППАN</emphasis>]]]"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>НОВОЕ_ИМЯ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--move-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--move-home</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "Move the content of the user's home directory to the new location."
+#~ msgstr "Переместить содержимое домашнего каталога в новое место."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-d</option> (or "
+#~ "<option>--home</option>) option."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Этот параметр можно использовать только с параметром <option>-d</option> "
+#~ "(или <option>--home</option>)."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>PASSWORD</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ПАРОЛЬ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The encrypted password, as returned by "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Шифрованное значение пароля, которое возвращает функция "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>ОБОЛОЧКА</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-v</option>, <option>--add-subuids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>УЧЁТНАЯ "
+#~ "ЗАПИСЬ</replaceable>|<replaceable>ДИАПАЗОН</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-V</option>, <option>--del-subuids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>УЧЁТНАЯ "
+#~ "ЗАПИСЬ</replaceable>|<replaceable>ДИАПАЗОН</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--add-subgids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>УЧЁТНАЯ "
+#~ "ЗАПИСЬ</replaceable>|<replaceable>ДИАПАЗОН</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "No checks will be performed with regard to the <option>GID_MIN</option>, "
+#~| "<option>GID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option>, or "
+#~| "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "No checks will be performed with regard to <option>SUB_GID_MIN</option>, "
+#~ "<option>SUB_GID_MAX</option>, or <option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> from /etc/"
+#~ "login.defs."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Никаких проверок по <option>GID_MIN</option>, <option>GID_MAX</option>, "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> или <option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> из "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> не производится."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--del-subgids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>УЧЁТНАЯ "
+#~ "ЗАПИСЬ</replaceable>|<replaceable>ДИАПАЗОН</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "The new SELinux user for the user's login."
+#~ msgstr "Новый пользователь SELinux для пользовательского входа."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "A blank <replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable> will remove the SELinux user "
+#~ "mapping for user <replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> (if any)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "При пустом значении <replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable> пользовательское "
+#~ "сопоставление SELinux для пользователя <replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> "
+#~ "удаляется (если есть)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_DIR</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAIL_DIR</option> (строка)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The mail spool directory. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when "
+#~ "its corresponding user account is modified or deleted. If not specified, "
+#~ "a compile-time default is used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Почтовый каталог. Данный параметр нужен для управления почтовым ящиком "
+#~ "при изменении или удалении учётной записи пользователя. Если параметр не "
+#~ "задан, то используется значение указанное при сборке."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (строка)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their "
+#~ "home directory."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Определяет расположение почтовых файлов пользователя относительно "
+#~ "домашнего каталога."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <option>MAIL_DIR</option> and <option>MAIL_FILE</option> variables "
+#~ "are used by <command>useradd</command>, <command>usermod</command>, and "
+#~ "<command>userdel</command> to create, move, or delete the user's mail "
+#~ "spool."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Переменные <option>MAIL_DIR</option> и <option>MAIL_FILE</option> "
+#~ "используются командами <command>useradd</command>, <command>usermod</"
+#~ "command> и <command>userdel</command> для создания, перемещения или "
+#~ "удаления почты пользователя."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> is set to <replaceable>yes</"
+#~ "replaceable>, they are also used to define the <envar>MAIL</envar> "
+#~ "environment variable."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если значение <option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> равно <replaceable>yes</"
+#~ "replaceable>, то они также используются для определения переменной "
+#~ "окружения <envar>MAIL</envar>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group "
+#~ "entry (line) is started in <filename>/etc/group</filename> (with the same "
+#~ "name, same password, and same GID)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Максимальное количество членов в записи о группе. При достижения "
+#~ "максимума заводится новая запись группы (строка) в <filename>/etc/group</"
+#~ "filename> (с тем же именем, паролем и тем же GID)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of "
+#~ "members in a group."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Значение по умолчанию равно 0, означающее, что ограничения на количество "
+#~ "членов в группе нет."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the "
+#~ "group file. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not "
+#~ "larger than 1024 characters."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Данная возможность (разделение группы) позволяет ограничить длину строк в "
+#~ "файле групп. Это полезно для ограничения длины строк групп NIS в 1024 "
+#~ "символа."
+
+#~ msgid "If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25."
+#~ msgstr "Если вам нужно такое ограничение, укажите значение 25."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow "
+#~ "toolsuite). You should not use this variable unless you really need it."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Замечание: разделение групп поддерживается не всеми инструментами (даже в "
+#~ "наборе инструментов Shadow). Вы не должны использовать эту переменную, "
+#~ "если вам действительно это ненужно."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (число)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (число)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (число)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The default value for <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (resp. "
+#~| "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option>) is 101 (resp. <option>GID_MIN</option>-1)."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default values for <option>SUB_GID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_GID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>, <option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> are respectively 100000, "
+#~ "600100000 and 10000."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Значение по умолчанию для <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (соотв."
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option>) равно 101 (соотв. <option>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>-1)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (число)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (число)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (число)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The default value for <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (resp. "
+#~| "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>) is 101 (resp. <option>UID_MIN</option>-1)."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default values for <option>SUB_UID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_UID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>, <option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> are respectively 100000, "
+#~ "600100000 and 10000."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Значение по умолчанию для <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (соотв. "
+#~ "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>) равно 101 (соотв. <option>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>-1)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>TCB_SYMLINKS</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TCB_SYMLINKS</option> (логический)"
+
+#, no-wrap
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "if ( UID is less than 1000) {\n"
+#~ "  use /etc/tcb/user\n"
+#~ "} else if ( UID is less than 1000000) {\n"
+#~ "  kilos = UID / 1000\n"
+#~ "  use /etc/tcb/:kilos/user\n"
+#~ "  make symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory\n"
+#~ "} else {\n"
+#~ "  megas = UID / 1000000\n"
+#~ "  kilos = ( UID / megas * 1000000 ) / 1000\n"
+#~ "  use /etc/tcb/:megas/:kilos/user\n"
+#~ "  make symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory\n"
+#~ "}\n"
+#~ "      "
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "если ( UID меньше 1000) {\n"
+#~ "  использовать /etc/tcb/user\n"
+#~ "} иначе если ( UID меньше 1000000) {\n"
+#~ "  kilos = UID / 1000\n"
+#~ "  использовать /etc/tcb/:kilos/user\n"
+#~ "  создать symlink /etc/tcb/user на каталог выше\n"
+#~ "} иначе {\n"
+#~ "  megas = UID / 1000000\n"
+#~ "  kilos = ( UID / megas * 1000000 ) / 1000\n"
+#~ "  использовать /etc/tcb/:megas/:kilos/user\n"
+#~ "  создать symlink /etc/tcb/user на каталог выше\n"
+#~ "}\n"
+#~ "      "
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the location of the user tcb directory "
+#~ "to be created will not be automatically set to /etc/tcb/user, but will be "
+#~ "computed depending on the UID of the user, according to the following "
+#~ "algorithm: <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если значение равно <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, то расположение "
+#~ "создаваемого пользовательского каталога tcb directory не будет "
+#~ "автоматически установлено в /etc/tcb/user, а будет вычислено в "
+#~ "зависимости от UID пользователя, согласно следующему алгоритму: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>userdel</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Параметры команды <command>userdel</command>:"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>USERDEL_CMD</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>USERDEL_CMD</option> (строка)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, this command is run when removing a user. It should remove "
+#~ "any at/cron/print jobs etc. owned by the user to be removed (passed as "
+#~ "the first argument)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Определяет программу, которая будет запущена при удалении пользователя. "
+#~ "Она должна удалять любые задания at/cron/печати удаляемого пользователя "
+#~ "(передаётся в качестве первого аргумента)."
+
+#~ msgid "The return code of the script is not taken into account."
+#~ msgstr "Возвращаемый сценарием код завершения не учитывается."
+
+#, no-wrap
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "#! /bin/sh\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Check for the required argument.\n"
+#~ "if [ $# != 1 ]; then\n"
+#~ "\techo \"Usage: $0 username\"\n"
+#~ "\texit 1\n"
+#~ "fi\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Remove cron jobs.\n"
+#~ "crontab -r -u $1\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Remove at jobs.\n"
+#~ "# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID,\n"
+#~ "# even if it was shared by a different username.\n"
+#~ "AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs\n"
+#~ "find $AT_SPOOL_DIR -name \"[^.]*\" -type f -user $1 -delete \\;\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Remove print jobs.\n"
+#~ "lprm $1\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# All done.\n"
+#~ "exit 0\n"
+#~ "      "
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "#! /bin/sh\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# проверить все необходимые параметры\n"
+#~ "if [ $# != 1 ]; then\n"
+#~ "\techo \"Использование: $0 имя_пользователя\"\n"
+#~ "\texit 1\n"
+#~ "fi\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# удалить задания cron\n"
+#~ "crontab -r -u $1\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# удалить задания at\n"
+#~ "# Заметим, что это удалит все задания с указанным UID,\n"
+#~ "# даже если он используется для другой учётной записи.\n"
+#~ "AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs\n"
+#~ "find $AT_SPOOL_DIR -name \"[^.]*\" -type f -user $1 -delete \\;\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# удалить задания печати\n"
+#~ "lprm $1\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# всё\n"
+#~ "exit 0\n"
+#~ "      "
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Here is an example script, which removes the user's cron, at and print "
+#~ "jobs: <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Вот простой сценарий, который удаляет задания печати, cron и at: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> (логический)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits "
+#~ "(examples: 022 -&gt; 002, 077 -&gt; 007) for non-root users, if the uid "
+#~ "is the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Включает установку группы битов umask равной битам владельца (пример: 022 "
+#~ "-&gt; 002, 077 -&gt; 007) для не суперпользователей, если uid равен gid и "
+#~ "имя пользователя совпадает с именем первичной группы."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, <command>userdel</command> will "
+#~ "remove the user's group if it contains no more members, and "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> will create by default a group with the name "
+#~ "of the user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если значение равно <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, то <command>userdel</"
+#~ "command> удаляет пользовательскую группу, если в ней нет больше членов, а "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> по умолчанию создаёт группу с именем "
+#~ "пользователя."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>userdel</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Команда <command>userdel</command> завершая работу, возвращает следующие "
+#~ "значения: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>useradd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Параметры команды <command>useradd</command>:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--base-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--base-dir</option> "
+#~ "<replaceable>БАЗОВЫЙ_КАТАЛОГ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option> "
+#~ "<replaceable>ДОМАШНИЙ_КАТАЛОГ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-D</option>, <option>--defaults</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-D</option>, <option>--defaults</option>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days after a password expires until the account is "
+#~ "permanently disabled. A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the "
+#~ "password has expired, and a value of -1 disables the feature."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если указано значение 0, то учётная запись блокируется сразу после "
+#~ "устаревания пароля, а при значении -1 данная возможность не используется."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-k</option>, <option>--skel</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SKEL_DIR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-k</option>, <option>--skel</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>КАТАЛОГ_ШАБЛОНОВ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>КЛЮЧ</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>ЗНАЧЕНИЕ</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults "
+#~| "(<option>UID_MIN</option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>UMASK</"
+#~| "option>, <option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> and others). <placeholder-1/> "
+#~| "Example: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PASS_MAX_DAYS</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>-1</replaceable> can be used when creating "
+#~| "system account to turn off password ageing, even though system account "
+#~| "has no password at all. Multiple <option>-K</option> options can be "
+#~| "specified, e.g.: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</"
+#~| "option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults (<option>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>UMASK</option>, "
+#~ "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> and others). <placeholder-1/> Example: "
+#~ "<option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PASS_MAX_DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>-1</replaceable> can be used when creating "
+#~ "system account to turn off password aging, even though system account has "
+#~ "no password at all. Multiple <option>-K</option> options can be "
+#~ "specified, e.g.: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>UID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Заменяет значения по умолчанию из файла <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename> (<option>UID_MIN</option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>, "
+#~ "<option>UMASK</option>, <option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> и других). "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/> Пример: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>PASS_MAX_DAYS</replaceable>=<replaceable>-1</replaceable> "
+#~ "можно использовать при создании системной учётной записи, чтобы выключить "
+#~ "устаревание пароля, даже если системная учётная запись вообще не имеет "
+#~ "пароля. Можно указывать параметр <option>-K</option> несколько раз, "
+#~ "например: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>UID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--no-log-init</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--no-log-init</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-M</option>, <option>--no-create-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-N</option>, <option>--no-user-group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-N</option>, <option>--no-user-group</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The encrypted password, as returned by "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>. The default is to disable the password."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Шифрованное значение пароля, которое возвращает функция "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>. По умолчанию пароль отключён."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--system</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--system</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "System users will be created with no aging information in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "shadow</filename>, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the "
+#~ "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> range, defined "
+#~ "in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, instead of <option>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>-<option>UID_MAX</option> (and their <option>GID</option> "
+#~ "counterparts for the creation of groups)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Системные пользователи создаются без информации об устаревании в "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/shadow</filename>, и их числовые идентификаторы выбираются "
+#~ "из диапазона <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>, "
+#~ "определённого в <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, а не из "
+#~ "<option>UID_MIN</option>-<option>UID_MAX</option> (это же касается и "
+#~ "части с <option>GID</option> при создании групп)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The name of the user's login shell. The default is to leave this field "
+#~ "blank, which causes the system to select the default login shell "
+#~ "specified by the <option>SHELL</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>, or an empty string by default."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Имя регистрационной оболочки пользователя. По умолчанию это поле пусто, "
+#~ "что вызывает выбор регистрационной оболочки по умолчанию согласно "
+#~ "значению переменной <option>SHELL</option> из файла <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>, или по умолчанию используется пустая строка."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-U</option>, <option>--user-group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-U</option>, <option>--user-group</option>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The SELinux user for the user's login. The default is to leave this field "
+#~ "blank, which causes the system to select the default SELinux user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Пользователь SELinux для регистрационной оболочки пользователя. По "
+#~ "умолчанию это поле пусто, что заставляет систему выбрать пользователя "
+#~ "SELinux по умолчанию."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option sets the <option>EXPIRE</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Этот параметр изменяет переменную <option>EXPIRE</option> в файле "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days after a password has expired before the account will "
+#~ "be disabled."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Число дней, которые должны пройти после устаревания пароля, перед тем как "
+#~ "учётная запись будет заблокирована."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option sets the <option>INACTIVE</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Этот параметр изменяет переменную <option>INACTIVE</option> в файле "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The group name or ID for a new user's initial group (when the <option>-"
+#~ "N/--no-user-group</option> is used or when the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</"
+#~ "option> variable is set to <replaceable>no</replaceable> in <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/login.defs</filename>). The named group must exist, and a numerical "
+#~ "group ID must have an existing entry."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Имя группы или ID новой первичной группы пользователя (если используется "
+#~ "<option>-N/--no-user-group</option> или когда значение переменной "
+#~ "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> равно <replaceable>no</replaceable> "
+#~ "(файл <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>). Группа с указанным именем "
+#~ "должна существовать, а для числового идентификатора группы должна быть "
+#~ "соответствующая запись."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option sets the <option>GROUP</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Этот параметр изменяет переменную <option>GROUP</option> в файле "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>."
+
+#~ msgid "The name of a new user's login shell."
+#~ msgstr "Имя новой регистрационной командной оболочки пользователя."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option sets the <option>SHELL</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Этот параметр изменяет переменную <option>SHELL</option> в файле "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Usernames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed "
+#~ "by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with "
+#~ "a dollar sign. In regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Имена пользователей должны начинаться со строчной буквы или символа "
+#~ "подчёркивания, и должны состоять только из строчных букв, цифр, символов "
+#~ "подчёркивания и минус. Они могут заканчиваться знаком доллара. Это можно "
+#~ "описать регулярным выражением: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>CREATE_HOME</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CREATE_HOME</option> (логический)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Indicate if a home directory should be created by default for new users."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Определяет, должен ли создаваться по умолчанию домашний каталог для новых "
+#~ "пользователей."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This setting does not apply to system users, and can be overridden on the "
+#~ "command line."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Эта переменная не влияет на системных пользователей и может быть "
+#~ "переопределена из командной строки."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>GID_MAX</option> (число)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>GID_MIN</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command>, <command>groupadd</command>, or "
+#~ "<command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Диапазон идентификаторов групп, используемый в программах "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command>, <command>groupadd</command> или "
+#~ "<command>newusers</command> для создания обычных групп."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>GID_MIN</option> (resp. <option>GID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>) is 1000 (resp. 60000)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Значение по умолчанию для <option>GID_MIN</option> (соотв. "
+#~ "<option>GID_MAX</option>) равно 1000 (соотв. 60000)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> (число)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The maximum number of days a password may be used. If the password is "
+#~ "older than this, a password change will be forced. If not specified, -1 "
+#~ "will be assumed (which disables the restriction)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Максимальное число дней использования пароля. Если пароль старее этого "
+#~ "числа, то будет запущена процедура смены пароля. Если значение не задано, "
+#~ "то предполагается значение -1 (то есть возможность ограничения не "
+#~ "используется)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> (число)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The minimum number of days allowed between password changes. Any password "
+#~ "changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected. If not specified, -1 "
+#~ "will be assumed (which disables the restriction)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Максимальное число дней между изменениями пароля. Любая смена пароля "
+#~ "ранее заданного срока выполнена не будет. Если значение не задано, то "
+#~ "предполагается значение -1 (то есть возможность ограничения не "
+#~ "используется)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> (число)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days warning given before a password expires. A zero means "
+#~ "warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means "
+#~ "no warning is given. If not specified, no warning will be provided."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Число дней за которое начнёт выдаваться предупреждение об устаревании "
+#~ "пароля. Нулевое значение означает, что предупреждение выдаётся в день "
+#~ "устаревания, при отрицательном значении предупреждение выдаваться не "
+#~ "будет. Если значение не задано, выдача предупреждения отключается."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (число)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command>, <command>groupadd</command>, or "
+#~ "<command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Диапазон идентификаторов групп, используемый в программах "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command>, <command>groupadd</command> или "
+#~ "<command>newusers</command> для создания системных групп."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (resp. "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option>) is 101 (resp. <option>GID_MIN</option>-1)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Значение по умолчанию для <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (соотв."
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option>) равно 101 (соотв. <option>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>-1)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (число)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> or <command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Диапазон идентификаторов пользователей, используемый в программах "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> или <command>newusers</command> для создания "
+#~ "системных пользователей."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (resp. "
+#~ "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>) is 101 (resp. <option>UID_MIN</option>-1)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Значение по умолчанию для <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (соотв. "
+#~ "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>) равно 101 (соотв. <option>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>-1)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>TCB_AUTH_GROUP</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TCB_AUTH_GROUP</option> (логический)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, newly created tcb shadow files will be "
+#~ "group owned by the <replaceable>auth</replaceable> group."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если равно <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, то новые создаваемые теневые "
+#~ "файлы tcb будут принадлежать группе <replaceable>auth</replaceable>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>UID_MAX</option> (число)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>UID_MIN</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> or <command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Диапазон идентификаторов пользователей, используемый в программах "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> или <command>newusers</command> для создания "
+#~ "обычных пользователей."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>UID_MIN</option> (resp. <option>UID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>) is 1000 (resp. 60000)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Значение по умолчанию для <option>UID_MIN</option> (соотв. "
+#~ "<option>UID_MAX</option>) равно 1000 (соотв. 60000)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>UMASK</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>UMASK</option> (число)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value. If not "
+#~ "specified, the mask will be initialized to 022."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Задаёт начальное значение маски доступа для создаваемых файлов. Если не "
+#~ "указано, то маска устанавливается в 022."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> and <command>newusers</command> use this mask "
+#~ "to set the mode of the home directory they create"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Команды <command>useradd</command> и <command>newusers</command> "
+#~ "используют эту маску для установки прав доступа к домашнему каталогу, "
+#~ "который они создают."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "It is also used by <command>login</command> to define users' initial "
+#~ "umask. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user's GECOS line (if "
+#~ "<option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> is set) or by the specification of a limit "
+#~ "with the <emphasis>K</emphasis> identifier in "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>limits</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Также она используется программой <command>login</command> для задания "
+#~ "начального значения umask пользователя. Заметим, что эта маска может быть "
+#~ "переопределена из пользовательской строки GECOS (если установлена "
+#~ "переменная <option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option>) или указанием ограничения с "
+#~ "идентификатором <emphasis>K</emphasis>, в "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>limits</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "It is also used by <command>pam_umask</command> as the default umask "
+#~ "value."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Она также используется командой <command>pam_umask</command> как значение "
+#~ "umask по умолчанию."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid "username already in use"
+#~ msgstr "имя пользователя уже существует"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>useradd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Команда <command>useradd</command> завершая работу, возвращает следующие "
+#~ "значения: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Additional arguments may be provided after the username, in which case "
+#~ "they are supplied to the user's login shell. In particular, an argument "
+#~ "of <option>-c</option> will cause the next argument to be treated as a "
+#~ "command by most command interpreters. The command will be executed by the "
+#~ "shell specified in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> for the target user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "После имени пользователя можно указать дополнительные аргументы, которые "
+#~ "будут переданы регистрационной оболочке пользователя. В частности, "
+#~ "аргумент <option>-c</option> заставит большинство оболочек считать "
+#~ "следующий аргумент как команду. Команда будет выполнена оболочкой, "
+#~ "указанной в файле <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>, которая является "
+#~ "регистрационной для указываемого пользователя."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You can use the <option>--</option> argument to separate <command>su</"
+#~ "command> options from the arguments supplied to the shell."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Вы можете использовать параметр <option>--</option> чтобы отделить "
+#~ "параметры <command>su</command> от параметров, которые передаются "
+#~ "оболочке."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--command</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--command</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>КОМАНДА</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>-p</option>, <option>--preserve-environment</"
+#~ "option>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>-p</option>, <option>--preserve-environment</"
+#~ "option>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>CONSOLE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CONSOLE</option> (строка)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, either full pathname of a file containing device names (one "
+#~ "per line) or a \":\" delimited list of device names. Root logins will be "
+#~ "allowed only upon these devices."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если определена, то значение равно или полному пути к файлу с именами "
+#~ "устройств (одно на строку), или списку имён устройств, перечисленных "
+#~ "через «:». Вход суперпользователя будет разрешён только с этих устройств."
+
+#~ msgid "If not defined, root will be allowed on any device."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если не определена, то суперпользователь может входить в систему с любого "
+#~ "устройства."
+
+#~ msgid "The device should be specified without the /dev/ prefix."
+#~ msgstr "Устройства должны указываться без начального префикса /dev/."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>CONSOLE_GROUPS</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CONSOLE_GROUPS</option> (строка)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "List of groups to add to the user's supplementary groups set when logging "
+#~ "in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting). Default is "
+#~ "none. <placeholder-1/> Use with caution - it is possible for users to "
+#~ "gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the "
+#~ "console."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Список групп для добавления к набору пользовательских дополнительных "
+#~ "групп при входе с консоли (определяемой переменной CONSOLE). По умолчанию "
+#~ "не указана. <placeholder-1/> Используйте осторожно — может дать "
+#~ "пользователям постоянный доступ к этим группам, даже если они не входили "
+#~ "с консоли."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>DEFAULT_HOME</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>DEFAULT_HOME</option> (логический)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Indicate if login is allowed if we can't cd to the home directory. "
+#~ "Default is no."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Определяет, можно ли войти в систему, если нельзя выполнить cd в домашний "
+#~ "каталог. По умолчанию «no»."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the user will login in the root "
+#~ "(<filename>/</filename>) directory if it is not possible to cd to her "
+#~ "home directory."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если равно <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, то пользователь будет попадать "
+#~ "в корневой каталог (<filename>/</filename>), если невозможно выполнить cd "
+#~ "в его домашний каталог."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_HZ</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_HZ</option> (строка)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user "
+#~ "login. The value must be preceded by <replaceable>HZ=</replaceable>. A "
+#~ "common value on Linux is <replaceable>HZ=100</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если установлена, то будет использоваться для определения переменной "
+#~ "окружения HZ при входе пользователя в систему. Значение должно начинаться "
+#~ "с <replaceable>HZ=</replaceable>. Обычное значение для Linux — "
+#~ "<replaceable>HZ=100</replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <envar>HZ</envar> environment variable is only set when the user (the "
+#~ "superuser) logs in with <command>sulogin</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Переменная окружения <envar>HZ</envar> устанавливается только когда "
+#~ "пользователь (суперпользователь) входит в систему с помощью "
+#~ "<command>sulogin</command>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> (строка)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If this file exists and is readable, login environment will be read from "
+#~ "it. Every line should be in the form name=value."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если этот файл существует и доступ для чтения, то из него читает "
+#~ "регистрационное окружение. Каждая строка должна иметь формат: "
+#~ "имя=значение."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid "Lines starting with a # are treated as comment lines and ignored."
+#~ msgstr "Строки, начинающиеся с #, считаются комментарием и игнорируются."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_PATH</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_PATH</option> (строка)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a "
+#~| "regular user login. The value can be preceded by <replaceable>PATH=</"
+#~| "replaceable>, or a colon separated list of paths (for example "
+#~| "<replaceable>/bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>). The default value is "
+#~| "<replaceable>PATH=/bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a "
+#~ "regular user login. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for "
+#~ "example <replaceable>/bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>) and can be preceded by "
+#~ "<replaceable>PATH=</replaceable>. The default value is <replaceable>PATH=/"
+#~ "bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если установлена, то будет использоваться для определения переменной "
+#~ "окружения PATH, при входе обычного пользователя. Значение может "
+#~ "начинаться с <replaceable>PATH=</replaceable>, или представлять собой "
+#~ "список путей через двоеточие (например, <replaceable>/bin:/usr/bin</"
+#~ "replaceable>). Значение по умолчанию равно <replaceable>PATH=/bin:/usr/"
+#~ "bin</replaceable>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (строка)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the "
+#~| "superuser login. The value can be preceded by <replaceable>PATH=</"
+#~| "replaceable>, or a colon separated list of paths (for example "
+#~| "<replaceable>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>). The default "
+#~| "value is <replaceable>PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the "
+#~ "superuser login. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for "
+#~ "example <replaceable>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>) and can "
+#~ "be preceded by <replaceable>PATH=</replaceable>. The default value is "
+#~ "<replaceable>PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если установлена, то будет использоваться для определения переменной "
+#~ "окружения PATH при входе суперпользователя. Значение может начинаться с "
+#~ "<replaceable>PATH=</replaceable>, или представлять собой список путей "
+#~ "через двоеточие (например, <replaceable>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</"
+#~ "replaceable>). Значение по умолчанию равно <replaceable>PATH=/sbin:/bin:/"
+#~ "usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_TZ</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_TZ</option> (строка)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user "
+#~ "login. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by "
+#~ "<replaceable>TZ=</replaceable> (for example <replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</"
+#~ "replaceable>), or the full path to the file containing the timezone "
+#~ "specification (for example <filename>/etc/tzname</filename>)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если установлена, то будет использоваться для определения переменной "
+#~ "окружения TZ при входе пользователя. Значение может быть равно имени "
+#~ "часового пояса, начинающегося <replaceable>TZ=</replaceable> (например, "
+#~ "<replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</replaceable>), или полному пути к файлу с "
+#~ "параметрами часового пояса (например, <filename>/etc/tzname</filename>)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be "
+#~ "read, the default is to use <replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если указан полный путь, но файл не существует или недоступен для чтения, "
+#~ "то используется значение по умолчанию: <replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</"
+#~ "replaceable>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_STRING</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOGIN_STRING</option> (строка)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The string used for prompting a password. The default is to use "
+#~ "\"Password: \", or a translation of that string. If you set this "
+#~ "variable, the prompt will not be translated."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Строка-приглашение к вводу пароля. Значение по умолчанию: «Password:» или "
+#~ "перевод этой строки на разные языки. Если вы измените эту переменную, то "
+#~ "перевод будет отсутствовать."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If the string contains <replaceable>%s</replaceable>, this will be "
+#~ "replaced by the user's name."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если в строке содержится подстрока <replaceable>%s</replaceable>, то она "
+#~ "будет заменена на имя пользователя."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> (логический)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable checking and display of mailbox status upon login."
+#~ msgstr "Включает проверку и показ состояния почтового ящика при входе."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You should disable it if the shell startup files already check for mail "
+#~ "(\"mailx -e\" or equivalent)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Вы должны выключить это, если почтовый ящик проверяется из файлов "
+#~ "автозапуска оболочки («mailx -e» или похожей командой)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> (логический)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable setting of resource limits from <filename>/etc/limits</filename> "
+#~ "and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user's passwd gecos field."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Включает установку ограничений ресурсов из <filename>/etc/limits</"
+#~ "filename> и ulimit, umask и niceness из поля gecos файла passwd."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>SULOG_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SULOG_FILE</option> (строка)"
+
+#~ msgid "If defined, all su activity is logged to this file."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если определена, то любая активность su будет протоколироваться в этот "
+#~ "файл."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>SU_NAME</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SU_NAME</option> (строка)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, the command name to display when running \"su -\". For "
+#~ "example, if this is defined as \"su\" then a \"ps\" will display the "
+#~ "command is \"-su\". If not defined, then \"ps\" would display the name of "
+#~ "the shell actually being run, e.g. something like \"-sh\"."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если определена, то выводится имя команды когда работает «su -». "
+#~ "Например, если значение равно «su», то «ps» покажет команду как «-su». "
+#~ "Если не определена, то «ps» покажет имя запускаемой оболочки например как "
+#~ "«-sh»."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>SU_WHEEL_ONLY</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SU_WHEEL_ONLY</option> (логический)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the user must be listed as a member of "
+#~ "the first gid 0 group in <filename>/etc/group</filename> (called "
+#~ "<replaceable>root</replaceable> on most Linux systems) to be able to "
+#~ "<command>su</command> to uid 0 accounts. If the group doesn't exist or is "
+#~ "empty, no one will be able to <command>su</command> to uid 0."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если равна <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, то пользователь должен быть "
+#~ "членом первой группы с gid 0 в файле <filename>/etc/group</filename> (в "
+#~ "большинстве систем Linux называется <replaceable>root</replaceable>), "
+#~ "чтобы иметь возможность запускать <command>su</command> для получения uid "
+#~ "0. Если группа не существует, или пуста, то никто не сможет получить uid "
+#~ "0 с помощью <command>su</command>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>SYSLOG_SU_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYSLOG_SU_ENAB</option> (логический)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable \"syslog\" logging of <command>su</command> activity - in addition "
+#~ "to sulog file logging."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Включить протоколирование «syslog» действий <command>su</command> — "
+#~ "дополнительно к протоколированию в файле sulog."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>SYSLOG_SG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYSLOG_SG_ENAB</option> (логический)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable \"syslog\" logging of <command>sg</command> activity."
+#~ msgstr "Включить протоколирование «syslog» действий <command>sg</command>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>pwunconv</command> command creates <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">passwd</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</"
+#~ "emphasis> and <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> and then removes "
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Команда <command>pwunconv</command> создаёт файл <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">passwd</emphasis> из файлов <emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</"
+#~ "emphasis> и <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis>, а затем удаляет файл "
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>grpconv</command> command creates <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</"
+#~ "emphasis> and an optionally existing <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</"
+#~ "emphasis>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Команда <command>grpconv</command> создаёт файл <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis> из файла <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</"
+#~ "emphasis> и необязательно существующего файла <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>grpunconv</command> command creates <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> "
+#~ "and <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis> and then removes <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Команда <command>grpunconv</command> создаёт файл <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> из файлов <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</"
+#~ "emphasis> и <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis>, а затем удаляет "
+#~ "файл <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<command>pwconv</command> will use the values of <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_MIN_DAYS</emphasis>, <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_MAX_DAYS</emphasis>, and <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_WARN_AGE</emphasis> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename> when adding new entries to <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Команда <command>pwconv</command> использует значения переменных "
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">PASS_MIN_DAYS</emphasis>, <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_MAX_DAYS</emphasis> и <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_WARN_AGE</emphasis> из файла <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename> при добавлении новых записей в файл <filename>/etc/shadow</"
+#~ "filename>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>pwconv</command>, "
+#~ "<command>pwunconv</command>, <command>grpconv</command>, and "
+#~ "<command>grpunconv</command> commands are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Параметры, применимые к <command>pwconv</command>, <command>pwunconv</"
+#~ "command>, <command>grpconv</command> и <command>grpunconv</command>:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The following configuration variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename> changes the behavior of <command>grpconv</command> and "
+#~ "<command>grpunconv</command>:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Следующая переменная настройки в <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
+#~ "изменяет поведение <command>grpconv</command> и <command>grpunconv</"
+#~ "command>:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase condition=\"tcb\">, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_convert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_unconvert</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase condition=\"tcb\">, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_convert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_unconvert</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>pwck</command> command verifies the integrity of the users "
+#~ "and authentication information. It checks that all entries in <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">(or the files in <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>, when "
+#~ "<option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled)</phrase> have the proper format and "
+#~ "contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are "
+#~ "improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Программа <command>pwck</command> проверяет целостность информации о "
+#~ "пользователях и аутентификации. Проверяется формат всех записей файлов "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> и <filename>/etc/shadow</"
+#~ "filename><phrase condition=\"tcb\">(или файлов в <filename>/etc/tcb</"
+#~ "filename>, если включена <option>USE_TCB</option>)</phrase> и "
+#~ "корректность данных каждого поля. В случае обнаружения ошибок "
+#~ "пользователю предлагается подтвердить удаление записей, имеющих неверный "
+#~ "формат или восстановление которых невозможно."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>pwck</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Параметры команды <command>pwck</command>:"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--read-only</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--read-only</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sort</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sort</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The encrypted password field may be blank, in which case no password is "
+#~ "required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some "
+#~ "applications which read the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file may "
+#~ "decide not to permit <emphasis>any</emphasis> access at all if the "
+#~ "<emphasis>password</emphasis> field is blank. If the <emphasis>password</"
+#~ "emphasis> field is a lower-case <quote>x</quote>, then the encrypted "
+#~ "password is actually stored in the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file instead; there "
+#~ "<emphasis>must</emphasis> be a corresponding line in the <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "shadow</filename> file, or else the user account is invalid. If the "
+#~ "<emphasis>password</emphasis> field is any other string, then it will be "
+#~ "treated as an encrypted password, as specified by "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Поле с зашифрованным паролем может быть пустым, и тогда для входа под "
+#~ "этой учётной записью пароль не требуется. Однако, некоторые приложения, "
+#~ "которые читают файл <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>, могут решить не "
+#~ "позволять <emphasis>любой</emphasis> доступ, если поле <emphasis>пароля</"
+#~ "emphasis> пустое. Если поле <emphasis>пароля</emphasis> содержит строчную "
+#~ "<quote>x</quote>, то шифрованный пароль хранится в файле "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>; в файле <filename>shadow</filename> "
+#~ "<emphasis>должна</emphasis> быть соответствующая строка, иначе учётная "
+#~ "запись считается недействительной. Если в поле <emphasis>пароля</"
+#~ "emphasis> содержится какая-то другая строка, то она воспринимается как "
+#~ "шифрованный пароль, согласно формату <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Поле комментария используется различными системными утилитами, такими как "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>ДНЕЙ</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>МИН_ДНЕЙ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--repository</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--repository</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>РЕПОЗИТОРИЙ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-S</option>, <option>--status</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-S</option>, <option>--status</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ПРЕД_ДНЕЙ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-x</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-x</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>МАКС_ДНЕЙ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> (строка)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting "
+#~ "passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Задаёт системный алгоритм шифрования по умолчанию для шифрования паролей "
+#~ "(используется, если алгоритм не указан в командной строке)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "It can take one of these values: <replaceable>DES</replaceable> "
+#~ "(default), <replaceable>MD5</replaceable><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"sha_crypt\">, <replaceable>SHA256</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>SHA512</replaceable></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Возможны следующие значения: <replaceable>DES</replaceable> (по "
+#~ "умолчанию), <replaceable>MD5</replaceable><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"sha_crypt\">, <replaceable>SHA256</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>SHA512</replaceable></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: this parameter overrides the <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> "
+#~ "variable."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Замечание: этот параметр переопределяет переменную "
+#~ "<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords. The generation "
+#~ "of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration. It "
+#~ "is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM "
+#~ "configuration."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Замечание: действует только при генерации паролей к группам. Генерация "
+#~ "пользовательских паролей выполняется PAM и там же настраивается. "
+#~ "Рекомендуется устанавливать значение этой переменной согласно настройкам "
+#~ "PAM."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> (логический)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5-based algorithm. If "
+#~ "set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, new passwords will be encrypted "
+#~ "using the MD5-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent "
+#~ "releases of FreeBSD. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer "
+#~ "salt strings. Set to <replaceable>no</replaceable> if you need to copy "
+#~ "encrypted passwords to other systems which don't understand the new "
+#~ "algorithm. Default is <replaceable>no</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Обозначает, что пароль должен быть зашифрован по алгоритму на основе MD5. "
+#~ "Если значение равно <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, то новые пароли будут "
+#~ "зашифрованы по алгоритму на основе MD5, совместимому с используемым в "
+#~ "новых версиях FreeBSD. Он поддерживает пароли неограниченной длины и "
+#~ "имеет более длинную строку соли. Установите в <replaceable>no</"
+#~ "replaceable>, если вам нужно копировать шифрованные пароли в другие "
+#~ "системы, которые не поддерживают новый алгоритм. По умолчанию "
+#~ "<replaceable>no</replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This variable is superseded by the <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> "
+#~ "variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption "
+#~ "algorithm."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Эта переменная переопределяется переменной <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</"
+#~ "option> или любым параметром командной строки, который задаёт алгоритм "
+#~ "шифрования."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This variable is deprecated. You should use <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</"
+#~ "option>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Эта переменная устарела; используйте <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (логический)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable additional checks upon password changes."
+#~ msgstr "Включает дополнительные проверки при смене пароля."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_ALWAYS_WARN</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_ALWAYS_WARN</option> (логический)"
+
+#~ msgid "Warn about weak passwords (but still allow them) if you are root."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Предупреждать о слабых паролях (но разрешать их использовать) для "
+#~ "суперпользователя."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_CHANGE_TRIES</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_CHANGE_TRIES</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Maximum number of attempts to change password if rejected (too easy)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Максимальное количество попыток смены пароля (слишком простого) при "
+#~ "непрохождении проверки."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> (число)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MIN_LEN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MIN_LEN</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Number of significant characters in the password for crypt(). "
+#~ "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> is 8 by default. Don't change unless your "
+#~ "crypt() is better. This is ignored if <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> set "
+#~ "to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Количество значимых символов в пароле для crypt(). По умолчанию значение "
+#~ "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> равно 8. Не изменяйте, если ваш crypt() "
+#~ "лучше. Игнорируется, если значение <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> равно "
+#~ "<replaceable>yes</replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "When <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> is set to <replaceable>SHA256</"
+#~ "replaceable> or <replaceable>SHA512</replaceable>, this defines the "
+#~ "number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when "
+#~ "the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если значение <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> равно <replaceable>SHA256</"
+#~ "replaceable> или <replaceable>SHA512</replaceable>, эта переменная "
+#~ "определяет количество раундов SHA, используемых алгоритмом шифрования по "
+#~ "умолчанию (если количество раундов не задано в командной строке)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password. "
+#~ "But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate "
+#~ "users."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Увеличение количества раундов повышает сложность подбора пароля простым "
+#~ "перебором. Но заметим, что при этом для аутентификации пользователей "
+#~ "требуется большее количество процессорных ресурсов."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds "
+#~ "(5000)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если не задана, то libc выбирает значение количества раундов по умолчанию "
+#~ "(5000)."
+
+#~ msgid "The values must be inside the 1000-999,999,999 range."
+#~ msgstr "Значения должны лежать в диапазоне 1000-999999999."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If only one of the <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> or "
+#~ "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> values is set, then this value will "
+#~ "be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если задано какое-то одно значение — <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</"
+#~ "option> или <option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> — то будет использовано "
+#~ "это значение."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> &gt; "
+#~ "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option>, the highest value will be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> &gt; "
+#~ "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option>, то используется большее значение."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>passwd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Программа <command>passwd</command> завершая работу, возвращает следующие "
+#~ "значения: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "To disable all logins, investigate <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Чтобы заблокировать все учётные записи посмотрите справочную страницу "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified "
+#~ "directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or "
+#~ "updated and its primary group."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если это поле указывает на несуществующий каталог, то указанный каталог "
+#~ "создаётся, его владельцем назначается создаваемый или обновляемый "
+#~ "пользователь и его первичная группа."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>newusers</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Параметры команды <command>newusers</command>:"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "PAM configuration for <command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr "настройки PAM для <command>newusers</command>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>CHFN_AUTH</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CHFN_AUTH</option> (логический)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <command>chfn</command> program "
+#~ "will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the "
+#~ "superuser."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если равно <<replaceable>yes</replaceable>, то программа <command>chfn</"
+#~ "command> будет проводить аутентификацию перед тем как выполнить любые "
+#~ "изменения, в случае если команда не запущена суперпользователем."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>CHFN_RESTRICT</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CHFN_RESTRICT</option> (строка)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This parameter specifies which values in the <emphasis remap=\"I\">gecos</"
+#~ "emphasis> field of the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file may be "
+#~ "changed by regular users using the <command>chfn</command> program. It "
+#~ "can be any combination of letters <replaceable>f</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>r</replaceable>, <replaceable>w</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>h</replaceable>, for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and "
+#~ "Home phone, respectively. For backward compatibility, <replaceable>yes</"
+#~ "replaceable> is equivalent to <replaceable>rwh</replaceable> and "
+#~ "<replaceable>no</replaceable> is equivalent to <replaceable>frwh</"
+#~ "replaceable>. If not specified, only the superuser can make any changes. "
+#~ "The most restrictive setting is better achieved by not installing "
+#~ "<command>chfn</command> SUID."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Этим параметром определяются части поля <emphasis remap=\"I\">gecos</"
+#~ "emphasis> в файле <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>, которые могут "
+#~ "изменять обычные пользователи с помощью программы <command>chfn</"
+#~ "command>. Строка может содержать любую комбинацию букв <replaceable>f</"
+#~ "replaceable>, <replaceable>r</replaceable>, <replaceable>w</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>h</replaceable> для изменения полного имени пользователя, "
+#~ "номера комнаты, рабочего и домашнего телефона, соответственно. Для "
+#~ "совместимости значение <replaceable>yes</replaceable> эквивалентно "
+#~ "<replaceable>rwh</replaceable> и <replaceable>no</replaceable> "
+#~ "эквивалентно <replaceable>frwh</replaceable>. Если ничего не задано, то "
+#~ "только суперпользователь может выполнять любые изменения. Наиболее "
+#~ "ограничительная настройка достигается снятием SUID бита с файла "
+#~ "<filename>chfn</filename>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>CHSH_AUTH</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CHSH_AUTH</option> (логический)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <command>chsh</command> program "
+#~ "will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the "
+#~ "superuser."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если равно <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, то программа <command>chsh</"
+#~ "command> будет проводить аутентификацию перед тем как выполнить любые "
+#~ "изменения, в случае если команда не запущены суперпользователем."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>ERASECHAR</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ERASECHAR</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Terminal ERASE character (<replaceable>010</replaceable> = backspace, "
+#~ "<replaceable>0177</replaceable> = DEL)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Символ ERASE у терминала (<replaceable>010</replaceable> = backspace, "
+#~ "<replaceable>0177</replaceable> = DEL)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The value can be prefixed \"0\" for an octal value, or \"0x\" for an "
+#~ "hexadecimal value."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Значение может начинаться с «0» при указании значения в восьмеричной "
+#~ "системе счисления или «0x» при указании значения в шестнадцатеричной "
+#~ "системе счисления."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>FAIL_DELAY</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FAIL_DELAY</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Delay in seconds before being allowed another attempt after a login "
+#~ "failure."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Задержка в секундах перед повторной попыткой после неудачного входа."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>FAILLOG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FAILLOG_ENAB</option> (логический)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable logging and display of <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> login "
+#~ "failure info."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Включить протоколирование и показ информации о неудачных входах из "
+#~ "<filename>/var/log/faillog</filename>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>FAKE_SHELL</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FAKE_SHELL</option> (строка)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, <command>login</command> will execute this shell instead of the "
+#~ "users' shell specified in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если установлена, то программа <command>login</command> запустит "
+#~ "указанную оболочку вместо пользовательской оболочки заданной в <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/passwd</filename>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>FTMP_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FTMP_FILE</option> (строка)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, login failures will be logged in this file in a utmp format."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если определена, то неудачные попытки входа будут протоколироваться в "
+#~ "этот файл в формате utmp."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>HUSHLOGIN_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>HUSHLOGIN_FILE</option> (строка)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, this file can inhibit all the usual chatter during the login "
+#~ "sequence. If a full pathname is specified, then hushed mode will be "
+#~ "enabled if the user's name or shell are found in the file. If not a full "
+#~ "pathname, then hushed mode will be enabled if the file exists in the "
+#~ "user's home directory."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если определена, то этот файл может заблокировать все обычные переговоры "
+#~ "(chatter) при входе. Если указан полный путь к файлу, то будет включён "
+#~ "сокращённый (hushed) режим, если в этом файле указано имя пользователя "
+#~ "или оболочка. Если указан не полный путь, то будет включён сокращённый "
+#~ "(hushed) режим, если файл находится в домашнем каталоге пользователя."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>ISSUE_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ISSUE_FILE</option> (строка)"
+
+#~ msgid "If defined, this file will be displayed before each login prompt."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если определена, то этот файл будет показан перед каждым появлением "
+#~ "приглашения на вход."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>KILLCHAR</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>KILLCHAR</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid "Terminal KILL character (<replaceable>025</replaceable> = CTRL/U)."
+#~ msgstr "Символ KILL у терминала (<replaceable>025</replaceable> = CTRL/U)."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>LASTLOG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LASTLOG_ENAB</option> (логический)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable logging and display of /var/log/lastlog login time info."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Включить протоколирование и показ информации о времени входа из /var/log/"
+#~ "lastlog."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>LOG_OK_LOGINS</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOG_OK_LOGINS</option> (логический)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable logging of successful logins."
+#~ msgstr "Включить протоколирование успешных входов."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB</option> (логический)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable display of unknown usernames when login failures are recorded."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Включить показ неизвестных имён пользователей при записи неудачных "
+#~ "попыток входа."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: logging unknown usernames may be a security issue if an user enter "
+#~ "her password instead of her login name."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Замечание: протоколирование неизвестных имён пользователя может привести "
+#~ "к проблемам с безопасностью, если пользователь введёт свой пароль вместо "
+#~ "своего имени."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_RETRIES</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOGIN_RETRIES</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid "Maximum number of login retries in case of bad password."
+#~ msgstr "Максимальное количество попыток входа при вводе неверного пароля."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This will most likely be overridden by PAM, since the default pam_unix "
+#~ "module has its own built in of 3 retries. However, this is a safe "
+#~ "fallback in case you are using an authentication module that does not "
+#~ "enforce PAM_MAXTRIES."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Наиболее вероятно это значение будет переопределено PAM, так как по "
+#~ "умолчанию в модуле pam_unix определено 3 попытки. Однако, это значение "
+#~ "является резервом, если вы используете модуль аутентификации, который не "
+#~ "учитывает PAM_MAXTRIES."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_TIMEOUT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOGIN_TIMEOUT</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid "Max time in seconds for login."
+#~ msgstr "Максимальное время в секундах, отведённое на вход."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>MOTD_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MOTD_FILE</option> (строка)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, \":\" delimited list of \"message of the day\" files to be "
+#~ "displayed upon login."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если определена, то при входе будет показано «сообщение дня» из файла со "
+#~ "списком значений, разделённых «:»."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>NOLOGINS_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>NOLOGINS_FILE</option> (строка)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, name of file whose presence will inhibit non-root logins. The "
+#~ "contents of this file should be a message indicating why logins are "
+#~ "inhibited."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если определена, значение равно имени файла, чьё существование запретит "
+#~ "вход для не суперпользователей. В файле должно содержаться сообщение, "
+#~ "описывающее почему запрещён вход."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (логический)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable checking of time restrictions specified in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "porttime</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Включить проверку временных ограничений, заданных в <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "porttime</filename>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYGROUP</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TTYGROUP</option> (строка)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYPERM</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TTYPERM</option> (строка)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the "
+#~ "<option>TTYGROUP</option> group, and the permissions will be set to "
+#~ "<option>TTYPERM</option>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Права терминала: tty входа будет принадлежать группе <option>TTYGROUP</"
+#~ "option>, а права будут назначены в соответствии с <option>TTYPERM</"
+#~ "option>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user's primary "
+#~ "group and the permissions are set to <replaceable>0600</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "По умолчанию, терминалом владеет первичная группа пользователя, а права "
+#~ "устанавливаются в <replaceable>0600</replaceable>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>TTYGROUP</option> can be either the name of a group or a numeric "
+#~ "group identifier."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "В <option>TTYGROUP</option> может задаваться или имя группы, или числовой "
+#~ "идентификатор группы."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If you have a <command>write</command> program which is \"setgid\" to a "
+#~ "special group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the group "
+#~ "number and TTYPERM to 0620. Otherwise leave TTYGROUP commented out and "
+#~ "assign TTYPERM to either 622 or 600."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если ваша программа <command>write</command> имеет «setgid» со "
+#~ "специальной группой, которой принадлежат терминалы, то присвойте TTYGROUP "
+#~ "номер этой группы, а TTYPERM значение 0620. В противном случае оставьте "
+#~ "TTYGROUP закомментированной и назначьте TTYPERM значение 622 или 600."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYTYPE_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TTYTYPE_FILE</option> (строка)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, file which maps tty line to TERM environment parameter. Each "
+#~ "line of the file is in a format something like \"vt100 tty01\"."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если определена, то в ней указывается имя файла, в котором описано "
+#~ "соответствие между линией tty и параметром окружения TERM. Каждая строка "
+#~ "файла имеет формат вида «vt100 tty01»."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "<option>ULIMIT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ULIMIT</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid "Default <command>ulimit</command> value."
+#~ msgstr "Значение <command>ulimit</command> по умолчанию."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CHFN_AUTH</phrase> CHFN_RESTRICT <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CHFN_AUTH</phrase> CHFN_RESTRICT <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ "
+#~ "ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FAILLOG_ENAB</phrase> FAKE_SHELL <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FTMP_FILE</phrase> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">ISSUE_FILE</phrase> KILLCHAR <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LASTLOG_ENAB</phrase> LOGIN_RETRIES <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+#~ "LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR "
+#~ "MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB</"
+#~ "phrase> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ULIMIT "
+#~ "UMASK</phrase> USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ "
+#~ "ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FAILLOG_ENAB</phrase> FAKE_SHELL <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FTMP_FILE</phrase> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">ISSUE_FILE</phrase> KILLCHAR <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LASTLOG_ENAB</phrase> LOGIN_RETRIES <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+#~ "LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR "
+#~ "MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB</"
+#~ "phrase> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ULIMIT "
+#~ "UMASK</phrase> USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">USE_TCB</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ENV_PATH "
+#~ "ENV_SUPATH <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING "
+#~ "MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB</phrase> SULOG_FILE "
+#~ "SU_NAME <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">SU_WHEEL_ONLY</phrase> "
+#~ "SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">USERGROUPS_ENAB</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ENV_PATH "
+#~ "ENV_SUPATH <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING "
+#~ "MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB</phrase> SULOG_FILE "
+#~ "SU_NAME <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">SU_WHEEL_ONLY</phrase> "
+#~ "SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">USERGROUPS_ENAB</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid "ENV_HZ <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr "ENV_HZ <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">permission</emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">users</"
+#~ "emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">origins</emphasis>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">права_доступа</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">пользователи</emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">источники</"
+#~ "emphasis>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This version of <command>login</command> has many compilation options, "
+#~ "only some of which may be in use at any particular site."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Данная версия <command>login</command> может быть собрана с разными "
+#~ "параметрами и только некоторые из них смогут быть использованы на любой "
+#~ "машине."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>securetty</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>securetty</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "K: file creation mask, set by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>umask</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "K: маска создаваемых файлов, устанавливается с помощью вызова "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>umask</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "P: process priority, set by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "P: приоритет процесса, устанавливается с помощью вызова "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>lastlog</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Параметры команды <command>lastlog</command>:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>ДНЕЙ</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-C</option>, <option>--clear</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-S</option>, <option>--set</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>ДНЕЙ</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>УЧЁТНАЯ "
+#~ "ЗАПИСЬ</replaceable>|<replaceable>ДИАПАЗОН</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "a valid group identifier <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> (<filename>/etc/"
+#~ "group</filename> only)</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "корректность идентификатора группы <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> (только "
+#~ "для <filename>/etc/group</filename>)</phrase>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "a valid list of members <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> and "
+#~ "administrators</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "корректность списка членов <phrase condition=\"gshadow\">и "
+#~ "администраторов</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The commands which operate on the <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_gshadow\">file</phrase><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">and "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files</phrase> are not able to alter "
+#~ "corrupted or duplicated entries. <command>grpck</command> should be used "
+#~ "in those circumstances to remove the offending entries."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Команды, которые работают с файлом <filename>/etc/group</filename> "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> и <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></"
+#~ "phrase>, не способны изменить повреждённые или дублирующиеся записи. В "
+#~ "этом случае нужно использовать <command>grpck</command> для удаления "
+#~ "испорченной записи."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>grpck</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Параметры команды <command>grpck</command>:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Sort entries in <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase> by "
+#~ "GID."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Отсортировать все записи в файле <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">и <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase> по "
+#~ "числовому идентификатору группы (GID)."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "By default, <command>grpck</command> operates on <filename>/etc/group</"
+#~| "filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#~| "filename></phrase>. The user may select alternate files with the "
+#~| "<emphasis remap=\"I\">group</emphasis><phrase "
+#~| "condition=\"no_gshadow\">parameter.</phrase><phrase "
+#~| "condition=\"gshadow\">and <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> "
+#~| "parameters.</phrase>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "By default, <command>grpck</command> operates on <filename>/etc/group</"
+#~ "filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#~ "filename></phrase>. The user may select alternate files with the "
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">group</emphasis><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_gshadow\">parameter.</phrase><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">and <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> "
+#~ "parameters.</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "По умолчанию, команда <command>grpck</command> работает с файлом "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/group</filename> <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> и "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase>. Пользователь может указать "
+#~ "другие файлы с помощью параметра <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</"
+#~ "emphasis><phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">.</phrase> <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">и <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis>.</phrase>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>grpck</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Команда <command>grpck</command> завершая работу, возвращает следующие "
+#~ "значения: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>, </citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>, </citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getuid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getuid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupmod</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Параметры команды <command>groupmod</command>:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "No checks will be performed with regard to the <option>GID_MIN</option>, "
+#~ "<option>GID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option>, or "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Никаких проверок по <option>GID_MIN</option>, <option>GID_MAX</option>, "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> или <option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> из "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> не производится."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--new-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NEW_GROUP</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--new-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>НОВАЯ_ГРУППА</replaceable>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupmod</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Команда <command>groupmod</command> завершая работу, возвращает следующие "
+#~ "значения: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupmems</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Параметры команды <command>groupmems</command>:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user_name</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>имя_пользователя</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>user_name</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>имя_пользователя</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>group_name</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>имя_группы</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-p</option>, <option>--purge</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-p</option>, <option>--purge</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupdel</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Параметры команды <command>groupdel</command>:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupdel</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Программа <command>groupdel</command> завершая работу, возвращает "
+#~ "следующие значения: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupadd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Параметры команды <command>groupadd</command>:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "See also the <option>-r</option> option and the <option>GID_MAX</option> "
+#~ "description."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Смотрите также описание <option>-r</option> и <option>GID_MAX</option>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Example: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Пример: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid "This option permits to add a group with a non-unique GID."
+#~ msgstr "Разрешить добавление группы с не уникальным GID."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Groupnames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed "
+#~ "by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with "
+#~ "a dollar sign. In regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Имена групп должны начинаться со строчной буквы или символа "
+#~ "подчёркивания, и должны состоять только из строчных букв, цифр, символов "
+#~ "подчёркивания и минус. Они могут заканчиваться знаком доллара. Это можно "
+#~ "описать регулярным выражением: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Groupnames may only be up to &GROUP_NAME_MAX_LENGTH; characters long."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Имена групп могут быть длиной не более &GROUP_NAME_MAX_LENGTH; знаков."
+
+#~ msgid "GID not unique (when <option>-o</option> not used)"
+#~ msgstr "не уникальный GID (если не задан параметр <option>-o</option>)"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid "group name not unique"
+#~ msgstr "не уникальное имя группы"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupadd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Программа <command>groupadd</command> завершая работу, возвращает "
+#~ "следующие значения: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>gpasswd</command> command is used to administer <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/group</filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">, and <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "gshadow</filename></phrase>. Every group can have <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">administrators,</phrase> members and a password."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Программа <command>gpasswd</command> используется для управления файлом "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/group</filename> <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> и "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase>. В каждой группе могут быть "
+#~ "определены <phrase condition=\"gshadow\">администраторы,</phrase> члены и "
+#~ "пароль."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<command>gpasswd</command> called by <phrase condition=\"gshadow\">a "
+#~ "group administrator</phrase><phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">a system "
+#~ "administrator</phrase> with a group name only prompts for the new "
+#~ "password of the <replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Программа <command>gpasswd</command>, запущенная <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">администратором группы</phrase><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_gshadow\">системным администратором</phrase> с указанием в "
+#~ "командной строке только имени группы, предложит назначить пароль "
+#~ "<replaceable>группе</replaceable>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>gpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Параметры команды <command>gpasswd</command>:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>пользователь</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>пользователь</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-Q</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-Q</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>КАТ_CHROOT</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove-password</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove-password</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-R</option>, <option>--restrict</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-R</option>, <option>--restrict</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-A</option>, <option>--administrators</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>user</replaceable>,..."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-A</option>, <option>--administrators</option> "
+#~ "<replaceable>пользователь</replaceable>, …"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--members</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>,..."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--members</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>пользователь</replaceable>, …"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>faillog</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Параметры команды <command>faillog</command>:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-secs</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SEC</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-secs</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>СЕКУНД</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--maximum</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>MAX</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--maximum</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>МАКС_ЧИСЛО</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>faillog</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>faillog</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>expiry</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Параметры команды <command>expiry</command>:"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-c</option>, <option>--check</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-c</option>, <option>--check</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chsh</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Параметры команды <command>chsh</command>:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">user_name</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">password</emphasis>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">имя_пользователя</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">пароль</emphasis>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the "
+#~| "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> or <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> "
+#~| "variables of <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, and can be overwitten "
+#~| "with the <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</option>, or <option>-c</"
+#~| "option> options."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the "
+#~ "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> or <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> "
+#~ "variables of <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, and can be overwritten "
+#~ "with the <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</option>, or <option>-c</option> "
+#~ "options."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Системный алгоритм шифрования по умолчанию может быть задан в переменной "
+#~ "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> или <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> в "
+#~ "файле <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, и может быть переопределён "
+#~ "параметрами <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</option> или <option>-c</"
+#~ "option>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>chpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Параметры команды <command>chpasswd</command>:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>METHOD</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>МЕТОД</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ROUNDS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>РАУНДОВ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "PAM configuration for <command>chpasswd</command>."
+#~ msgstr "настройки PAM для <command>chpasswd</command>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">group_name</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">password</emphasis>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">имя_группы</emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">пароль</"
+#~ "emphasis>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>chgpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Параметры команды <command>chgpasswd</command>:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chfn</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Параметры команды <command>chfn</command>:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--full-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FULL_NAME</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--full-name</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>ФИО</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-h</option>, <option>--home-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_PHONE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-h</option>, <option>--home-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ДОМАШНИЙ_ТЕЛЕФОН</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>OTHER</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>ДРУГАЯ</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--room</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ROOM_NUMBER</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--room</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>НОМЕР_КОМНАТЫ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--work-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WORK_PHONE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--work-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>РАБОЧИЙ_ТЕЛЕФОН</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chage</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Параметры команды <command>chage</command>:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--lastday</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>LAST_DAY</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--lastday</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ПОСЛ_ДЕНЬ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-E</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-E</option>, <option>--expiredate</option> "
+#~ "<replaceable>ДАТА_УСТАРЕВАНИЯ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-I</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-I</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>ДНЕЙ</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>МИН_ДНЕЙ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>МАКС_ДНЕЙ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ПРЕДУП_ДНЕЙ</replaceable>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>chage</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Программа <command>chage</command> завершая работу, возвращает следующие "
+#~ "значения: <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "translator-credits"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>, 2005, 2006, 2012 Sergey Alyoshin "
+#~ "<alyoshin.s@gmail.com>, 2012 "
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid "can't create mail spool"
+#~ msgstr "не удалось создать почтовый ящик"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank "
+#~| "causes the system to select the default login shell."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The SELinux user for the user's login. The default is to leave this field "
+#~ "the blank, which causes the system to select the default SELinux user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Имя новой регистрационной оболочки пользователя. Если задать пустое "
+#~ "значение, то будет использована регистрационная оболочка по умолчанию."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
+#~ msgid "new_users"
+#~ msgstr "new_users"
+
+#~ msgid "-f <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-f <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "-w <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-w <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "-o <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-o <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>UID_MAX</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable> doesn't work yet."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Замечание: запись вида <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>UID_MAX</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable> пока не работает."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "Supplied passwords are in encrypted form."
+#~ msgid "The supplied passwords must be in clear-text."
+#~ msgstr "Передаваемые пароли заданы в шифрованном виде."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<command>usermod</command> will not allow you to change the name of a "
+#~| "user who is logged in. You must make certain that the named user is not "
+#~| "executing any processes when this command is being executed if the "
+#~| "user's numerical user ID is being changed. You must change the owner of "
+#~| "any <command>crontab</command> files manually. You must change the owner "
+#~| "of any <command>at</command> jobs manually. You must make any changes "
+#~| "involving NIS on the NIS server."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<command>usermod</command> will not allow you to change the name of an "
+#~ "user who is logged in. You must make certain that the named user is not "
+#~ "executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user's "
+#~ "numerical user ID is being changed. You must change the owner of any "
+#~ "<command>crontab</command> files manually. You must change the owner of "
+#~ "any <command>at</command> jobs manually. You must make any changes "
+#~ "involving NIS on the NIS server."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Команда <command>usermod</command> не будет изменять имя пользователя, "
+#~ "если этот пользователь в данный момент работает в системе. Если требуется "
+#~ "изменить числовой идентификатор пользователя, нужно проверить, что от "
+#~ "этого пользователя нет запущенных процессов. Владельца файлов "
+#~ "<command>crontab</command> нужно изменять вручную. Владельца заданий "
+#~ "<command>at</command> нужно изменять вручную. Также вручную нужно сделать "
+#~ "все изменения связанные с NIS на сервере NIS."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<command>userdel</command> will not allow you to remove an account if the "
+#~ "user is currently logged in. You must kill any running processes which "
+#~ "belong to an account that you are deleting."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Команда <command>userdel</command> не будет удалять учётную запись, если "
+#~ "пользователь в данный момент работает в системе. Вы должны завершить все "
+#~ "запущенные процессы, принадлежащие учётной записи, которую нужно удалить."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The encrypted password, as returned by "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>. The default is to disable the account."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Шифрованное значение пароля, которое возвращает функция "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>. По умолчанию учётная запись заблокирована."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid "encrypted password file"
+#~ msgstr "файл с защищаемой информацией о пользователях"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid "comma-separated list of group administrators"
+#~ msgstr "список администраторов группы, перечисленных через запятую"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The group name and password fields must be filled. The encrypted password "
+#~ "consists of characters from the 64-character alphabet a thru z, A thru Z, "
+#~ "0 thru 9, \\. and /. Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details on how "
+#~ "this string is interpreted. If the password field contains some string "
+#~ "that is not valid result of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, for instance ! or "
+#~ "*, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in, subject to "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Поля с именем группы и пароль должны быть заполнены. Шифрованный пароль "
+#~ "состоит из разрешённых 64 символов с a по z, с A по Z, с 0 по 9, \\. и /. "
+#~ "Подробней о пароле смотрите на странице руководства "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>. Если поле пароля содержит строку, которая не "
+#~ "удовлетворяет требованиям <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, например "
+#~ "содержит ! или *, то пользователь не сможет использовать этот unix пароль "
+#~ "для регистрации с учётом настроек <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The group ID of the given <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable> will be "
+#~ "changed to <replaceable>GID</replaceable>. The value of <replaceable>GID</"
+#~ "replaceable> must be a non-negative decimal integer. This value must be "
+#~ "unique, unless the <option>-o</option> option is used. Values between 0 "
+#~ "and 999 are typically reserved for system groups. Any files that have the "
+#~ "old group ID and must continue to belong to <replaceable>GROUP</"
+#~ "replaceable>, must have their group ID changed manually."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Указывается новый ID группы для <replaceable>ГРУППЫ</replaceable>. "
+#~ "Числовое значение <replaceable>GID</replaceable> должно быть "
+#~ "неотрицательным десятичным числом. Оно должно быть уникальным, если не "
+#~ "задан параметр <option>-o</option>. Значения от 0 до 999 обычно "
+#~ "зарезервированы под системные группы. Изменение принадлежности всех "
+#~ "файлов старой группе необходимо выполнять вручную."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The group name or number of the user's new initial login group. The group "
+#~ "name must exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group. "
+#~ "The default group number is 1."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Имя или числовой идентификатор новой начальной группы пользователя. "
+#~ "Группа с таким именем должна существовать. Идентификатор группы должен "
+#~ "указывать на уже существующую группу. По умолчанию идентификатор группы "
+#~ "установлен в 1."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The group name or number of the user's initial login group. The group "
+#~ "name must exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group. "
+#~ "The default group number is 1 or whatever is specified in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Имя или числовой идентификатор новой начальной группы пользователя. "
+#~ "Группа с таким именем должна существовать. Идентификатор группы должен "
+#~ "указывать на уже существующую группу. Идентификатор группы по умолчанию "
+#~ "равен 1 или значению указанному в файле <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+#~ "filename>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid "days since Jan 1, 1970 that password was last changed"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "число дней с момента последнего изменения пароля, начиная с 1 января 1970 "
+#~ "года"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid "days after which password must be changed"
+#~ msgstr "число дней, после которых пароль должен быть изменён"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid "days before password is to expire that user is warned"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "число дней, за сколько пользователя начнут предупреждать, что пароль "
+#~ "устаревает"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid "days after password expires that account is disabled"
+#~ msgstr "число дней, после устаревания пароля для блокировки учётной записи"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid "days since Jan 1, 1970 that account is disabled"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "дней, отсчитывая с 1 января 1970 года, когда учётная запись была "
+#~ "заблокирована"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The password field must be filled. The encrypted password consists of 13 "
+#~ "to 24 characters from the 64 character alphabet a thru z, A thru Z, 0 "
+#~ "thru 9, \\. and /. Optionally it can start with a \"$\" character. This "
+#~ "means the encrypted password was generated using another (not DES) "
+#~ "algorithm. For example if it starts with \"$1$\" it means the MD5-based "
+#~ "algorithm was used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Поле пароля должно быть заполнено. Шифрованный пароль имеет длину от 13 "
+#~ "до 24 символов и состоит из 64 символов алфавита от a до z, от A до Z, от "
+#~ "0 до 9, \\. и /. Пароль может начинаться с символа \"$\". Это означает, "
+#~ "что шифрованный пароль был сгенерирован с использованием другого (не DES) "
+#~ "алгоритма. Например, если он начинается с \"$1$\", то это означает, что "
+#~ "использовался алгоритм на основе MD5."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The date of the last password change is given as the number of days since "
+#~ "Jan 1, 1970. The password may not be changed again until the proper "
+#~ "number of days have passed, and must be changed after the maximum number "
+#~ "of days. If the minimum number of days required is greater than the "
+#~ "maximum number of day allowed, this password may not be changed by the "
+#~ "user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Дата последнего изменения пароля задаётся в днях, прошедших с 1 января "
+#~ "1970 года. Пароль не может быть изменён пока не пройдёт положенное число "
+#~ "дней, и должен быть изменён после максимального числа дней. Если "
+#~ "обязательное минимальное число дней больше чем максимальное число дней, "
+#~ "то такой пароль не может быть изменён пользователем."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "An account is considered to be inactive and is disabled if the password "
+#~ "is not changed within the specified number of days after the password "
+#~ "expires. An account will also be disabled on the specified day regardless "
+#~ "of other password expiration information."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Учётная запись считается неактивной и будет заблокирована, если пароль не "
+#~ "был изменён за заданное число дней после устаревания пароля. Учётная "
+#~ "запись также будет заблокирована в заданный день, независимо от другой "
+#~ "информации об устаревании пароля."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This information supersedes any password or password age information "
+#~ "present in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Информация из этого файла заменяет любой пароль или информацию об "
+#~ "устаревании, содержащуюся в файле <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This field must contain the name (or number) of a group. The user will be "
+#~ "added as a member to this group. When a non-existent group name or number "
+#~ "is specified, a new group will be created. In the case of a non-existent "
+#~ "group number, both the name and the number of the new group will be this "
+#~ "number."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Это поле должно содержать имя (или номер). Пользователь будет добавлен в "
+#~ "эту группу. Если указан числовой идентификатор или имя несуществующей "
+#~ "группы, то будет создана новая группа с данным именем и номером."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This field will be checked for existence as a directory, and a new "
+#~ "directory with this name will be created if it does not already exist. "
+#~ "The ownership of the directory will be set to be that of the user being "
+#~ "created or updated."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Будет проверено существование каталога с именем значения данного поля и "
+#~ "если такого каталога нет, то он будет создан. Владельцем каталога будет "
+#~ "назначен обновляемый или создаваемый пользователь."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "-K <placeholder-1/>=<placeholder-2/>"
+#~ msgstr "-K <placeholder-1/>=<placeholder-2/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>-M</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</replaceable>,..."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid "Display faillog records for all users."
+#~ msgstr "Показать записи faillog для всех пользователей."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Set maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to "
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX</replaceable>. Selecting <replaceable>MAX</replaceable> "
+#~ "value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed "
+#~ "logins. The maximum failure count should always be 0 for <emphasis>root</"
+#~ "emphasis> to prevent a denial of services attack against the system."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Установить максимальное число неудачных попыток входа "
+#~ "равному<replaceable>МАКС_ЧИСЛО</replaceable>, после чего учётная запись "
+#~ "блокируется. Если <replaceable>МАКС_ЧИСЛО</replaceable> равно 0, то "
+#~ "количество неудачных попыток не ограничивается. Максимальное значение "
+#~ "неудачных попыток должно быть всегда равно 0 для <emphasis>root</"
+#~ "emphasis>, для того чтобы предотвратить атаку отказа в обслуживании на "
+#~ "систему."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The user's home directory will be created if it does not exist. The files "
+#~ "contained in <replaceable>SKEL_DIR</replaceable> will be copied to the "
+#~ "home directory if the <option>-k</option> option is used, otherwise the "
+#~ "files contained in <filename>/etc/skel</filename> will be used instead. "
+#~ "Any directories contained in <replaceable>SKEL_DIR</replaceable> or "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/skel</filename> will be created in the user's home "
+#~ "directory as well. The <option>-k</option> option is only valid in "
+#~ "conjunction with the <option>-m</option> option. The default is to not "
+#~ "create the directory and to not copy any files."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Если домашнего каталога пользователя не существует, то он будет создан. "
+#~ "Файлы из каталога <replaceable>КАТАЛОГ_ШАБЛОН</replaceable> будут "
+#~ "скопированы в домашний каталог, если он указан параметр <option>-k</"
+#~ "option>, иначе будут использованы файлы из каталога <filename>/etc/skel</"
+#~ "filename>. Все подкаталоги каталога <replaceable>КАТАЛОГ_ШАБЛОН</"
+#~ "replaceable> или <filename>/etc/skel</filename> будут также созданы в "
+#~ "домашнем каталоге пользователя. Параметр <option>-k</option> можно "
+#~ "использовать только вместе с параметром <option>-m</option>. По "
+#~ "умолчанию, домашний каталог не создаётся и файлы не копируются."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Your password must be easily remembered so that you will not be forced to "
+#~ "write it on a piece of paper. This can be accomplished by appending two "
+#~ "small words together and separating each with a special character or "
+#~ "digit. For example, Pass%word."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Пароль должен легко запоминаться, чтобы не было необходимости записывать "
+#~ "его на бумагу. Этого можно достичь соединив два маленьких слова в одно, "
+#~ "разделив их специальным символом или цифрой. Например, Pass%word."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Other methods of construction involve selecting an easily remembered "
+#~ "phrase from literature and selecting the first or last letter from each "
+#~ "word. An example of this is:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Другим методом создания является выбор легко запоминающейся фразы из "
+#~ "литературы и взятие первой или последней буквы каждого слова. Например:"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid "Ask not for whom the bell tolls"
+#~ msgstr "Ask not for whom the bell tolls"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid "which produces"
+#~ msgstr "получается"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid "An4wtbt"
+#~ msgstr "An4wtbt"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You may be reasonably sure few crackers will have included this in their "
+#~ "dictionaries. You should, however, select your own methods for "
+#~ "constructing passwords and not rely exclusively on the methods given here."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Можете быть уверены, что некоторые взломщики включат этот пароль в свои "
+#~ "словари. Поэтому вы должны выбрать свои собственные методы создания "
+#~ "паролей и не полагаться на методы предложенные здесь."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The only restriction placed on the contents of the fields is that no "
+#~ "control characters may be present, nor any of comma, colon, or equal "
+#~ "sign. The <emphasis remap=\"I\">other</emphasis> field does not have this "
+#~ "restriction, and is used to store accounting information used by other "
+#~ "applications."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Единственным ограничением значений полей является то, что они не должны "
+#~ "содержать управляющих символов, запятых, двоеточий или знака равно. На "
+#~ "поле <emphasis remap=\"I\">другое</emphasis> не действует это "
+#~ "ограничение, и оно может использоваться для хранения информации об "
+#~ "учётной записи для любых приложений."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of user IDs to choose from for the <command>useradd</command> "
+#~ "program."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Диапазон идентификаторов пользователей, используемый программой "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <option>-t</option> flag overrides the use of <option>-u</option>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Параметр <option>-t</option> отменяет действие параметра <option>-u</"
+#~ "option>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "By default, <command>grpck</command> operates on the files <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "group</filename> and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>. The user may "
+#~ "select alternate files with the <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> "
+#~ "and <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> parameters. Additionally, the "
+#~ "user may execute the command in read-only mode by specifying the <option>-"
+#~ "r</option> flag. This causes all questions regarding changes to be "
+#~ "answered <emphasis>no</emphasis> without user intervention. "
+#~ "<command>grpck</command> can also sort entries in <filename>/etc/group</"
+#~ "filename> and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> by GID. To run it in sort "
+#~ "mode pass it <option>-s</option> flag. No checks are performed then, it "
+#~ "just sorts."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "По умолчанию, команда <command>grpck</command> работает с файлами "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/group</filename> и <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>. "
+#~ "Пользователь может указать другие файлы с помощью параметров <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis>. Также, пользователь может запустить "
+#~ "команду в режиме только для чтения, указав параметр <option>-r</option>. "
+#~ "Это приведёт к автоматическому ответу <emphasis>нет</emphasis> без "
+#~ "подтверждения пользователя. Команда <command>grpck</command> также может "
+#~ "отсортировать записи в файлах <filename>/etc/group</filename> и "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> по номеру группы. Для запуска режима "
+#~ "сортировки укажите параметр <option>-s</option>. В этом режиме проверка "
+#~ "не выполняется, производится только сортировка."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid "MAIL_DIR USERDEL_CMD"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR USERDEL_CMD"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The name of the new user's login shell. The named program will be used "
+#~ "for all future new user accounts."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Имя новой регистрационной оболочки пользователя. Данная программа будет "
+#~ "использована для всех новых пользовательских учётных записей."
+
+#~ msgid "-R <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-R <placeholder-1/>"
+
+# type: Content of: <refentry><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><arg><replaceable>
+#~ msgid "user,"
+#~ msgstr "пользователь,"
+
+#~ msgid "-A <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-A <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "-M <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-M <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Group administrator can add and delete users using <option>-a</option> "
+#~ "and <option>-d</option> options respectively. Administrators can use "
+#~ "<option>-r</option> option to remove group password. When no password is "
+#~ "set only group members can use <command>newgrp</command> to join the "
+#~ "group. Option <option>-R</option> disables access via a password to the "
+#~ "group through <command>newgrp</command> command (however members will "
+#~ "still be able to switch to this group)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Администратор группы может добавлять и удалять пользователей с помощью "
+#~ "параметров <option>-a</option> и <option>-d</option> соответственно. "
+#~ "Администраторы могут использовать параметр <option>-r</option> для "
+#~ "удаления пароля группы. Если пароль не задан, то только члены группы с "
+#~ "помощью команды <command>newgrp</command> могут войти в группу. Указав "
+#~ "параметр <option>-R</option> можно запретить доступ в группу по паролю с "
+#~ "помощью команды <command>newgrp</command> (однако на членов группы это не "
+#~ "распространяется)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
diff --git a/man/po/shadow-man-pages.pot b/man/po/shadow-man-pages.pot
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2ab03c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/po/shadow-man-pages.pot
@@ -0,0 +1,10119 @@
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-08 10:37-0600\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:16
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:18
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:19
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:18
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:19
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:15
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:15
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:18
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:16
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:16
+#: groups.1.xml.out:15
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:15
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:17
+#: login.1.xml.out:48
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:84
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:15
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:16
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:31
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:22
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:15
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:15
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:22
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:15
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:15
+#: sg.1.xml.out:16
+#: su.1.xml.out:32
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:34
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:21
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:22
+msgid "Julianne Frances"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:17
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:19
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:20
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:19
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:20
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:16
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:16
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:19
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:17
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:17
+#: groups.1.xml.out:16
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:16
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:18
+#: login.1.xml.out:49
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:85
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:16
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:17
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:32
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:23
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:16
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:16
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:23
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:16
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:16
+#: sg.1.xml.out:17
+#: su.1.xml.out:33
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:35
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:22
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Haugh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:18
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:20
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:20
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:21
+msgid "Creation, 1990"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:21
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:23
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:20
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:24
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:23
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:24
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:20
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:20
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:25
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:23
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:21
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:21
+#: groups.1.xml.out:20
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:20
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:22
+#: limits.5.xml.out:22
+#: login.1.xml.out:53
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:21
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:89
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:20
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:21
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:36
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:27
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:20
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:20
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:27
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:26
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:20
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:20
+#: sg.1.xml.out:21
+#: su.1.xml.out:37
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:20
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:39
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:26
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:27
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:22
+msgid "Thomas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:22
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:24
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:21
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:25
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:24
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:25
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:21
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:21
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:26
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:22
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:25
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:22
+#: groups.1.xml.out:21
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:21
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:23
+#: limits.5.xml.out:23
+#: login.1.xml.out:54
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:22
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:90
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:21
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:22
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:37
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:28
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:21
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:21
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:28
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:27
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:21
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:21
+#: sg.1.xml.out:22
+#: su.1.xml.out:38
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:21
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:40
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:27
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:28
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Kłoczko"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/email
+#: chage.1.xml.out:23
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:25
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:22
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:26
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:25
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:26
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:22
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:22
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:27
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:25
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:23
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:26
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:23
+#: groups.1.xml.out:22
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:22
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:24
+#: limits.5.xml.out:24
+#: login.1.xml.out:55
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:23
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:91
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:22
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:23
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:38
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:29
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:22
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:22
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:29
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:28
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:22
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:22
+#: sg.1.xml.out:23
+#: su.1.xml.out:39
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:22
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:41
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:28
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:29
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "kloczek@pld.org.pl"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:24
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:26
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:27
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:26
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:27
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:23
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:23
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:28
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:26
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:27
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:24
+#: groups.1.xml.out:23
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:23
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:25
+#: limits.5.xml.out:25
+#: login.1.xml.out:56
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:24
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:92
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:23
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:24
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:39
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:30
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:23
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:23
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:30
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:29
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:23
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:23
+#: sg.1.xml.out:24
+#: su.1.xml.out:40
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:23
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:42
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:29
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:30
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:25
+msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:27
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:29
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:26
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:30
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:29
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:30
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:26
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:26
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:31
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:29
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:27
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:30
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:27
+#: groups.1.xml.out:26
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:26
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:14
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:28
+#: limits.5.xml.out:28
+#: login.1.xml.out:59
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:27
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:95
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:26
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:27
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:42
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:15
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:33
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:26
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:26
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:33
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:32
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:26
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:26
+#: sg.1.xml.out:27
+#: su.1.xml.out:43
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:26
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:45
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:32
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:33
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:28
+msgid "Nicolas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:28
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:30
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:27
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:31
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:30
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:31
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:27
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:27
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:32
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:30
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:28
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:31
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:28
+#: groups.1.xml.out:27
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:27
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:15
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:29
+#: limits.5.xml.out:29
+#: login.1.xml.out:60
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:28
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:96
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:27
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:28
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:43
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:16
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:34
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:27
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:27
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:34
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:33
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:27
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:27
+#: sg.1.xml.out:28
+#: su.1.xml.out:44
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:27
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:46
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:33
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:34
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:29
+msgid "François"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/email
+#: chage.1.xml.out:29
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:31
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:28
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:32
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:31
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:32
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:28
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:28
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:33
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:31
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:29
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:32
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:29
+#: groups.1.xml.out:28
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:28
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:16
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:30
+#: limits.5.xml.out:30
+#: login.1.xml.out:61
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:29
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:97
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:28
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:29
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:44
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:17
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:35
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:28
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:28
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:35
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:34
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:28
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:28
+#: sg.1.xml.out:29
+#: su.1.xml.out:45
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:28
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:47
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:34
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:35
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:30
+msgid "nicolas.francois@centraliens.net"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:30
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:32
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:29
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:33
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:32
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:33
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:29
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:29
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:34
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:32
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:30
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:33
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:30
+#: groups.1.xml.out:29
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:29
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:18
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:31
+#: limits.5.xml.out:31
+#: login.1.xml.out:62
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:30
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:98
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:29
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:30
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:45
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:18
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:36
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:29
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:29
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:36
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:35
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:29
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:29
+#: sg.1.xml.out:30
+#: su.1.xml.out:46
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:29
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:48
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:35
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:36
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:31
+msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chage.1.xml.out:34
+#: chage.1.xml.out:41
+#: chage.1.xml.out:46
+#: chage.1.xml.out:59
+#: chage.1.xml.out:69
+#: chage.1.xml.out:216
+#: chage.1.xml.out:226
+#: chage.1.xml.out:236
+#: chage.1.xml.out:241
+#: chage.1.xml.out:285
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:233
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:262
+msgid "chage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:35
+#: chage.1.xml.out:294
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:37
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:65
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:205
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:217
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:265
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:37
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:171
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:38
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:235
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:39
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:93
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:277
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:345
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:348
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:351
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:205
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:208
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:211
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:209
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:212
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:215
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:326
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:329
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:332
+#: groups.1.xml.out:34
+#: groups.1.xml.out:92
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:243
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:77
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:165
+#: limits.5.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:67
+#: login.1.xml.out:128
+#: login.1.xml.out:377
+#: login.1.xml.out:380
+#: login.1.xml.out:383
+#: login.1.xml.out:386
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:112
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:516
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:518
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:520
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:530
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:533
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:536
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:35
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:130
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:133
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:136
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:139
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:142
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:456
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:60
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:41
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:431
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:118
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:173
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:179
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:182
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:197
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:121
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:293
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:262
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:265
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:268
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:283
+#: sg.1.xml.out:35
+#: sg.1.xml.out:119
+#: sg.1.xml.out:122
+#: sg.1.xml.out:125
+#: sg.1.xml.out:128
+#: sg.1.xml.out:131
+#: su.1.xml.out:51
+#: su.1.xml.out:391
+#: su.1.xml.out:415
+#: su.1.xml.out:421
+#: su.1.xml.out:424
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:201
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:817
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:878
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:881
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:884
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:241
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:310
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:313
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:316
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:105
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:244
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:605
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:608
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:611
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:78
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:205
+msgid "1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:36
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:38
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:38
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:39
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:40
+#: groups.1.xml.out:35
+#: login.1.xml.out:68
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:36
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:42
+#: sg.1.xml.out:36
+#: su.1.xml.out:52
+msgid "User Commands"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:37
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:39
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:36
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:40
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:39
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:40
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:36
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:36
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:41
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:39
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:37
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:40
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:37
+#: groups.1.xml.out:36
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:36
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:25
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:38
+#: limits.5.xml.out:38
+#: login.1.xml.out:69
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:37
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:105
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:36
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:37
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:52
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:25
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:43
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:36
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:36
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:43
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:42
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:36
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:36
+#: sg.1.xml.out:37
+#: su.1.xml.out:53
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:36
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:55
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:42
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:43
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:38
+msgid "shadow-utils"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:38
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:40
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:37
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:41
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:40
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:41
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:37
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:37
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:42
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:40
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:38
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:41
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:38
+#: groups.1.xml.out:37
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:37
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:26
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:39
+#: limits.5.xml.out:39
+#: login.1.xml.out:70
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:38
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:106
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:37
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:38
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:53
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:26
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:44
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:37
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:37
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:44
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:43
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:37
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:37
+#: sg.1.xml.out:38
+#: su.1.xml.out:54
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:37
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:56
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:43
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:44
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:39
+msgid "4.13"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chage.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "change user password expiry information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: chage.1.xml.out:48
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:51
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:48
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:52
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:51
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:48
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:49
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:49
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:47
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:50
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:64
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:55
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:54
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:57
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:63
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:69
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:75
+#: su.1.xml.out:64
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:66
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:78
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:52
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:55
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:53
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:59
+msgid "options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:51
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:54
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:54
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:58
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:68
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:158
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:54
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:64
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:57
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:222
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:506
+msgid "LOGIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:57
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:60
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:54
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:58
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:60
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:58
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:45
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:54
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:70
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:60
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:56
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:56
+#: groups.1.xml.out:54
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:58
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:34
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:56
+#: limits.5.xml.out:48
+#: login.1.xml.out:101
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:46
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:114
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:51
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:53
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:73
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:64
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:45
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:45
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:69
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:81
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:94
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:150
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:45
+#: sg.1.xml.out:57
+#: su.1.xml.out:79
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:51
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:84
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:60
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:62
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:65
+msgid "DESCRIPTION"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:58
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:67
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:87
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:81
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:106
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:71
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:67
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:65
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:110
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:80
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:64
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:76
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:65
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:68
+#: login.1.xml.out:186
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:250
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:150
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:153
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:163
+#: su.1.xml.out:120
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:102
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:69
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:70
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:83
+msgid "OPTIONS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:68
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:88
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:82
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:72
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:68
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:66
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:118
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:81
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:65
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:77
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:66
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:127
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:69
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:251
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:151
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:158
+#: su.1.xml.out:121
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:103
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:70
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:71
+msgid "The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> command are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:137
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:168
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:123
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:151
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:599
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:112
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:260
+msgid "-d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "--lastday"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74
+#: chage.1.xml.out:81
+#: chage.1.xml.out:175
+msgid "LAST_DAY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chage.1.xml.out:73
+#: chage.1.xml.out:88
+#: chage.1.xml.out:127
+#: chage.1.xml.out:156
+#: chage.1.xml.out:168
+#: chage.1.xml.out:189
+#: chage.1.xml.out:202
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:93
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:101
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:109
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:121
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:129
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:150
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:122
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:113
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:164
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:177
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:83
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:96
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:104
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:119
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:156
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:123
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:136
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:157
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:101
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:157
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:200
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:213
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:88
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:101
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:141
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:72
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:81
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:120
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:163
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:176
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:148
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:74
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:103
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:127
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:305
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:196
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:245
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:267
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:277
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:321
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:334
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:196
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:177
+#: su.1.xml.out:125
+#: su.1.xml.out:162
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:117
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:138
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:150
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:178
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:195
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:229
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:277
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:424
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:488
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:501
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:516
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:530
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:565
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:591
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:609
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:621
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:638
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:654
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:122
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:135
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:98
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:111
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:128
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:151
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:173
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:216
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:289
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:327
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:340
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:356
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:368
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:500
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:82
+#: chage.1.xml.out:288
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:303
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:168
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:259
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:237
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:138
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:425
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:287
+#: su.1.xml.out:385
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:811
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:235
+msgid "0"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:77
+msgid "Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last changed. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area). If the <_:replaceable-1/> is set to <_:emphasis-2/> the user is forced to change his password on the next log on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89
+msgid "-E"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:179
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "--expiredate"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89
+#: chage.1.xml.out:109
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:179
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:243
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:416
+msgid "EXPIRE_DATE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:92
+msgid "Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on which the user's account will no longer be accessible. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area). A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:100
+msgid "For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 days:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting
+#: chage.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "chage -E $(date -d +180days +%Y-%m-%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:108
+#: chage.1.xml.out:139
+#: chage.1.xml.out:182
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:344
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:315
+msgid "-1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:107
+msgid "Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an account expiration date."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:77
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:149
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:96
+#: login.1.xml.out:204
+#: login.1.xml.out:229
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:280
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:190
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:173
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "-h"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:143
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:77
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:149
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:96
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:280
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:190
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:173
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: su.1.xml.out:387
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "--help"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121
+#: chage.1.xml.out:146
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:142
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:77
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:73
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:149
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:172
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:188
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:144
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:184
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:228
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:71
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:124
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:131
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:193
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:161
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:84
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:95
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:116
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:268
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:280
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:286
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:156
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:167
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:179
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:190
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:209
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:221
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:257
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:290
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:308
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:173
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:179
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:209
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:168
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:217
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:349
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:372
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:385
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:404
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:455
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:548
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:75
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:105
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:152
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:77
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:88
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:230
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:249
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:270
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:316
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:404
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:90
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:96
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:102
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:108
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:117
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:146
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:109
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:149
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:79
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:90
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:100
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:151
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:120
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:84
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:120
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:116
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:134
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:99
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:282
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:192
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:175
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:173
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:273
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:101
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:98
+msgid "Display help message and exit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:197
+msgid "-i"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121
+msgid "--iso8601"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "When printing dates, use YYYY-MM-DD format."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128
+msgid "-I"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:197
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "--inactive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128
+#: chage.1.xml.out:134
+#: chage.1.xml.out:140
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:197
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:203
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:211
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:632
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "INACTIVE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:131
+msgid "Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked. The <_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days of inactivity. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:138
+msgid "Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an account's inactivity."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: chage.1.xml.out:147
+#: chage.1.xml.out:242
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:185
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:202
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:55
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:124
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:222
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:316
+#: su.1.xml.out:144
+#: su.1.xml.out:156
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "-l"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:147
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:124
+msgid "--list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:150
+msgid "Show account aging information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:72
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:130
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:185
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:202
+#: su.1.xml.out:207
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:287
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:350
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:476
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:119
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:250
+msgid "-m"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:246
+msgid "--mindays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157
+#: chage.1.xml.out:162
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:246
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:251
+msgid "MIN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:160
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "Set the minimum number of days between password changes to <_:replaceable-1/>. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:81
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:112
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:162
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:373
+msgid "-M"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335
+msgid "--maxdays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169
+#: chage.1.xml.out:174
+#: chage.1.xml.out:183
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:340
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:345
+msgid "MAX_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:178
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "-W"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:172
+msgid "Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid. When <_:replaceable-1/> plus <_:replaceable-2/> is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the <_:option-3/> option, which provides the user with advance warning."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:181
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:343
+msgid "Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as <_:replaceable-2/> will remove checking a password's validity."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:130
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:84
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:189
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:201
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:164
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:306
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:178
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:328
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "-R"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:130
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:84
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:201
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:164
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:306
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:178
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:328
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "--root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190
+#: chage.1.xml.out:194
+#: chage.1.xml.out:196
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:130
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:134
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:136
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:127
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:129
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:169
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:171
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:84
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:88
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:90
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:161
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:163
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:162
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:164
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:201
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:205
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:207
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:93
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:95
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:146
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:168
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:170
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:153
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:155
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:108
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:110
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:306
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:310
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:312
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:282
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:284
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:201
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:203
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:178
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:182
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:184
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:493
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:495
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:127
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:129
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:328
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:332
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:334
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:115
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:119
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "CHROOT_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:193
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:133
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:126
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:168
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:160
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:161
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:204
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:92
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:145
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:167
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:152
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:107
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:309
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:281
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:200
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:181
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:492
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:126
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:331
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. Only absolute paths are supported."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:322
+msgid "--warndays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203
+#: chage.1.xml.out:208
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:322
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:327
+msgid "WARN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:206
+msgid "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The <_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:220
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:163
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:112
+msgid "[ ]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:215
+msgid "If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of <_:emphasis-2/> marks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:224
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:117
+#: groups.1.xml.out:65
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:170
+msgid "NOTE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:225
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> program requires a shadow password file to be available."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:229
+msgid "The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password file. This implies that configuration from other sources (e.g. LDAP or empty password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user's login will not be shown in the chage output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: chage.1.xml.out:238
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:294
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:410
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:185
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:40
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:47
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:53
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:71
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:147
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:159
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:191
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:223
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:284
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:248
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:274
+msgid "pwck"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:235
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> program will also not report any inconsistency between the shadow and passwd files (e.g. missing x in the passwd file). The <_:command-2/> can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:241
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command is restricted to the root user, except for the <_:option-2/> option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:249
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:170
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:175
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:216
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:131
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:241
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:247
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:133
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:176
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:212
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:196
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:182
+#: login.1.xml.out:270
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:85
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:360
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:372
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:240
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:204
+#: sg.1.xml.out:74
+#: su.1.xml.out:314
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:710
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:165
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:536
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:142
+msgid "CONFIGURATION"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:252
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:68
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:173
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:187
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:70
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:205
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:77
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:134
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:200
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:219
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:247
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:134
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:159
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:244
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:129
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:239
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:250
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:276
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:136
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:179
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:109
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:204
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:215
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:239
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:199
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:273
+#: login.1.xml.out:365
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:100
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:116
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:515
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:88
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:340
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:363
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:423
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:375
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:405
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:243
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:148
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:207
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:215
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:230
+#: sg.1.xml.out:77
+#: su.1.xml.out:109
+#: su.1.xml.out:219
+#: su.1.xml.out:277
+#: su.1.xml.out:317
+#: su.1.xml.out:357
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:241
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:307
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:378
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:399
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:467
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:474
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:560
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:713
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:797
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:87
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:168
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:191
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:297
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:399
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:539
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:569
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "/etc/login.defs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:250
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:171
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:176
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:217
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:132
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:242
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:248
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:134
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:213
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:197
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:183
+#: login.1.xml.out:271
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:86
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:361
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:373
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:241
+#: sg.1.xml.out:75
+#: su.1.xml.out:315
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:711
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:166
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:537
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:143
+msgid "The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior of this tool:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:261
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:184
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:190
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:232
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:144
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:97
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:72
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:220
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:256
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:261
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:145
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:188
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:224
+#: groups.1.xml.out:77
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:208
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:132
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:194
+#: limits.5.xml.out:172
+#: login.1.xml.out:314
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:97
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:65
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:97
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:396
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:390
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:139
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:106
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:258
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:227
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:202
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:231
+#: sg.1.xml.out:86
+#: su.1.xml.out:342
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:169
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:740
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:182
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:554
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "FILES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:265
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:193
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:235
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:147
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:100
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:245
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:223
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:63
+#: login.1.xml.out:145
+#: login.1.xml.out:329
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:65
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:70
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:100
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:399
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:393
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:47
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:89
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:142
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:145
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:212
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:224
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:267
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:127
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:234
+#: sg.1.xml.out:89
+#: su.1.xml.out:185
+#: su.1.xml.out:197
+#: su.1.xml.out:345
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:524
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:743
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:197
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:103
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:305
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:362
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:575
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:68
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:187
+msgid "/etc/passwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:268
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:195
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:237
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:149
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:102
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:247
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:225
+#: login.1.xml.out:331
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:102
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:401
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:395
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:144
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:269
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:236
+#: sg.1.xml.out:91
+#: su.1.xml.out:347
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:745
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:199
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "User account information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:273
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:241
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:106
+#: login.1.xml.out:335
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:68
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:106
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:295
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:405
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:399
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:82
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:148
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:107
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:213
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:225
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:273
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:128
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:149
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:97
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:173
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:205
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:78
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:240
+#: sg.1.xml.out:95
+#: su.1.xml.out:351
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:439
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:464
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:749
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:203
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:144
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:145
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:166
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:167
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:306
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:581
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:71
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:193
+msgid "/etc/shadow"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:276
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:243
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:108
+#: login.1.xml.out:337
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:108
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:407
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:401
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:275
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:207
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:242
+#: sg.1.xml.out:97
+#: su.1.xml.out:353
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:751
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:205
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:195
+msgid "Secure user account information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:283
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:298
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:163
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:254
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:232
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:420
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:282
+#: su.1.xml.out:366
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:806
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:230
+msgid "EXIT VALUES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:290
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:305
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:170
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:239
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:427
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:289
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:813
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:237
+msgid "success"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:296
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:433
+msgid "permission denied"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#: chage.1.xml.out:300
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:309
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:174
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:265
+#: groups.1.xml.out:95
+#: groups.1.xml.out:98
+#: groups.1.xml.out:101
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:249
+#: limits.5.xml.out:90
+#: limits.5.xml.out:101
+#: limits.5.xml.out:188
+#: limits.5.xml.out:191
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:437
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:299
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:823
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:247
+msgid "2"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:302
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:311
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:176
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:245
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:295
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:825
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:249
+msgid "invalid command syntax"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:306
+msgid "15"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:308
+msgid "can't find the shadow password file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:284
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:299
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:255
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:233
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:421
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:283
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:807
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:231
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command exits with the following values: <_:variablelist-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:316
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:202
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:214
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:262
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:168
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:115
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:84
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:232
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:274
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:343
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:202
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:206
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:323
+#: groups.1.xml.out:89
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:277
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:150
+#: limits.5.xml.out:182
+#: login.1.xml.out:374
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:109
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:527
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:127
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:450
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:57
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:471
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:167
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:118
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:333
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:239
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:214
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:259
+#: sg.1.xml.out:116
+#: su.1.xml.out:413
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:198
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:875
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:308
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:602
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:202
+msgid "SEE ALSO"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:319
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:211
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:265
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:177
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:118
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:351
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:211
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:215
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:332
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:291
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:176
+#: login.1.xml.out:128
+#: login.1.xml.out:380
+#: login.1.xml.out:395
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:399
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:516
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:533
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:539
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:79
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:456
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:47
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:53
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:66
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:69
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:86
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:116
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:152
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:366
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:413
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:422
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:451
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:457
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:477
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:33
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:182
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:228
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:342
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:84
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:99
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:99
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:268
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:271
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:884
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:316
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:611
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "passwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:319
+#: chage.1.xml.out:322
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:208
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:211
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:223
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:272
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:174
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:177
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:118
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:121
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:34
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:238
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:292
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:295
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:363
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:344
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:267
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:280
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:287
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:291
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:297
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:23
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:153
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:156
+#: limits.5.xml.out:36
+#: login.1.xml.out:389
+#: login.1.xml.out:392
+#: login.1.xml.out:395
+#: login.1.xml.out:398
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:35
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:103
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:539
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:542
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:145
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:148
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:79
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:453
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:460
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:463
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:48
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:63
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:455
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:477
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:480
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:484
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:34
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:80
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:194
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:34
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:317
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:336
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:342
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:345
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:245
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:220
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:34
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:271
+#: sg.1.xml.out:134
+#: sg.1.xml.out:137
+#: su.1.xml.out:418
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:34
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:91
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:205
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:628
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:899
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:906
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:909
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:319
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:335
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:338
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:162
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:629
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:633
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:636
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:208
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:211
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:214
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:217
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:220
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:322
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:121
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:51
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:190
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:297
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:542
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:480
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:79
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:194
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:229
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:233
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:345
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:84
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:85
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:100
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:101
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:33
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:40
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:96
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:220
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:33
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:40
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:47
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:205
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:628
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:162
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "shadow"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:317
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:116
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:233
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:58
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:215
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:36
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:43
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:49
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:62
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:89
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:159
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:164
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:171
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:345
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:205
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:209
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:326
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:239
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:878
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:310
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:105
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:605
+msgid "chfn"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:44
+msgid "change real user name and information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:65
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:117
+msgid "finger"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:71
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:106
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:145
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:323
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:93
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:132
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:405
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:536
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:837
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:271
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:377
+msgid "-o"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:61
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command changes user fullname, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a user's account. This information is typically printed by <_:citerefentry-2/> and similar programs. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in <_:filename-3/>. (The default configuration is to prevent users from changing their fullname.) The superuser may change any field for any account. Additionally, only the superuser may use the <_:option-4/> option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:77
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:80
+msgid "other"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:75
+msgid "These fields must not contain any colons. Except for the <_:emphasis-1/> field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign. It is also recommended to avoid non-US-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone numbers. The <_:emphasis-2/> field is used to store accounting information used by other applications."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:61
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:88
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:72
+#: login.1.xml.out:90
+#: login.1.xml.out:190
+#: login.1.xml.out:229
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:76
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:287
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:302
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "-f"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+msgid "--full-name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+msgid "FULL_NAME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:97
+msgid "Change the user's full name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+msgid "--home-phone"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+msgid "HOME_PHONE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "Change the user's home phone number."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "--other"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "OTHER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:113
+msgid "Change the user's other GECOS information. This field is used to store accounting information used by other applications, and can be changed only by a superuser."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:89
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:186
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:203
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:173
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:112
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:185
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:124
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138
+#: login.1.xml.out:220
+#: login.1.xml.out:229
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:287
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:155
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:224
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:456
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:542
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:106
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:317
+msgid "-r"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+msgid "--room"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+msgid "ROOM_NUMBER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:125
+msgid "Change the user's room number."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:143
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:80
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:214
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:90
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:309
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:414
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:279
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:369
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "-u"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:322
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:463
+msgid "-w"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+msgid "--work-phone"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+msgid "WORK_PHONE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:154
+msgid "Change the user's office phone number."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:158
+msgid "If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of <_:emphasis-2/> marks. Without options, <_:command-3/> prompts for the current user account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:189
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:207
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:249
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:161
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:278
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:241
+#: login.1.xml.out:367
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:102
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:425
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:407
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:232
+#: su.1.xml.out:359
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:799
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:193
+msgid "Shadow password suite configuration."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:205
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:36
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:43
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:49
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:62
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:73
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:109
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:348
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:208
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:212
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:329
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:270
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:881
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:313
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:608
+msgid "chsh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:208
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:223
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:272
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:174
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:194
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:363
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:344
+#: login.1.xml.out:389
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:102
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:109
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:298
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:453
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:484
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:92
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:94
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:108
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:245
+#: su.1.xml.out:418
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:899
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:117
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:319
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:629
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:214
+msgid "login.defs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:203
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:215
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:169
+#: limits.5.xml.out:183
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Creation, 2006"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:33
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:40
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:46
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:56
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:66
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:83
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:249
+msgid "chgpasswd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:34
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:220
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:38
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:268
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:276
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:34
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:280
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:283
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:286
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:289
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:37
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:354
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:357
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:360
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:366
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:369
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:372
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:186
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:217
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:220
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:223
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:226
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:229
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:38
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:218
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:221
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:224
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:227
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:230
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:335
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:338
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:341
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:347
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:350
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:353
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:34
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:283
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:294
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:159
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:162
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:36
+#: login.1.xml.out:174
+#: login.1.xml.out:176
+#: login.1.xml.out:249
+#: login.1.xml.out:251
+#: login.1.xml.out:401
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:545
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:34
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:50
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:467
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:23
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:474
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:488
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:185
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:188
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:191
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:200
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:41
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:339
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:348
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:40
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:242
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:248
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:251
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:254
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:274
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:277
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:280
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:286
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:192
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:53
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:574
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:890
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:893
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:896
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:902
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:913
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:916
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:40
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:259
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:322
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:325
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:328
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:331
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:342
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:345
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:41
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:617
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:620
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:623
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:626
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:640
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:643
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:36
+msgid "8"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:35
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:39
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:38
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:36
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:39
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:36
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:35
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:37
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:35
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:51
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:24
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:42
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:41
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:54
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:41
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:42
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:37
+msgid "System Management Commands"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "update group passwords in batch mode"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:55
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups. Each line is of the format:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:54
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110
+msgid "group_name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:62
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:66
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:77
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:86
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:91
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:95
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:98
+msgid "password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:60
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:64
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:64
+msgid "By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted by <_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:70
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:75
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:132
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:129
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:71
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:130
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:180
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:179
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "-e"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: arg/arg
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:72
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:114
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:129
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:60
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:73
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:268
+#: sg.1.xml.out:50
+#: su.1.xml.out:86
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+#: su.1.xml.out:131
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "-c"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:68
+msgid "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:option-1/> variable of <_:filename-2/>, and can be overwritten with the <_:option-3/>, <_:option-4/>, or <_:option-5/> options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:74
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many accounts are created at a single time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:114
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:268
+msgid "--crypt-method"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:90
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:117
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:270
+msgid "Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:91
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "The available methods are DES, MD5, and NONE."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:94
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:121
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc support these methods."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+msgid "--encrypted"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:103
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:141
+msgid "Supplied passwords are in encrypted form."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+msgid "--md5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:115
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:157
+msgid "Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are not encrypted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:108
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:124
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:161
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:155
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:209
+#: su.1.xml.out:163
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:655
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:70
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127
+msgid "-s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320
+msgid "--sha-rounds"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:137
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:181
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:322
+msgid "Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:140
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:184
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:325
+msgid "The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number of rounds for the crypt method (5000)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:144
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:188
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:329
+msgid "A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:148
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:192
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:333
+msgid "You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt method."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:152
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:337
+msgid "By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:163
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:208
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:209
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:229
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:285
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:121
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:206
+#: login.1.xml.out:236
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:348
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:354
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:194
+#: su.1.xml.out:306
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:682
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:281
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:517
+msgid "CAVEATS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:164
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of unencrypted files by other users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:168
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:353
+msgid "You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect the system's password policy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:193
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:48
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:51
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:73
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:231
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:259
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:170
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:264
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:191
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:227
+#: groups.1.xml.out:58
+#: groups.1.xml.out:70
+#: groups.1.xml.out:80
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:62
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:81
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:94
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:112
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:164
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:177
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:185
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:211
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:91
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:124
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:135
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:80
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:112
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:411
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:261
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:128
+#: sg.1.xml.out:101
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:90
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:755
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:185
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:557
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:69
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:175
+msgid "/etc/group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:195
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:261
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:266
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:150
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:193
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:229
+#: groups.1.xml.out:82
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:213
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:137
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:114
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:413
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:263
+#: sg.1.xml.out:103
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:757
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:187
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "Group account information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:199
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:52
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:74
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:232
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:265
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:170
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:270
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:154
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:88
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:98
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:103
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:104
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:134
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:135
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:197
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:233
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:63
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:93
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:166
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:186
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:217
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:36
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:141
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:78
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:118
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:417
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:129
+#: sg.1.xml.out:107
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:761
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:563
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:72
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:181
+msgid "/etc/gshadow"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:201
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:267
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:272
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:156
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:235
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:219
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:143
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:120
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:419
+#: sg.1.xml.out:109
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:763
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:183
+msgid "Secure group account information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:217
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:38
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:45
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:59
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:72
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:85
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:119
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:354
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:335
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:153
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:280
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:142
+#: sg.1.xml.out:131
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:322
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:617
+msgid "gpasswd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:220
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:280
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:36
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:43
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:49
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:82
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:292
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:300
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:217
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:218
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:338
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:290
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:890
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:325
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:620
+msgid "groupadd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:21
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:20
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:18
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:18
+#: groups.1.xml.out:17
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:86
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:17
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:18
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:33
+#: sg.1.xml.out:18
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:36
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:23
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "Creation, 1991"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:37
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:44
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:50
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:60
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:70
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:89
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:96
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:108
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:255
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:259
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:474
+msgid "chpasswd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:45
+msgid "update passwords in batch mode"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:59
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users. Each line is of the format:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:65
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:52
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:53
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "user_name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:68
+msgid "By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are encrypted by <_:command-1/>. Also the password age will be updated, if present."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:76
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:73
+msgid "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:option-1/> or <_:option-2/> variables of <_:filename-3/>, and can be overwritten with the <_:option-4/>, <_:option-5/>, or <_:option-6/> options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:81
+msgid "By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not recommended) you can select a different encryption method with the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:88
+msgid "Except when PAM is used to encrypt the passwords,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:87
+msgid "<_:phrase-1/> <_:command-2/> first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:93
+msgid "When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in the system database) then if a password cannot be updated <_:command-1/> continues updating the passwords of the next users, and will return an error code on exit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "METHOD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:128
+msgid "By default (if none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the <_:option-4/> or <_:option-5/> variables of <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+msgid "ROUNDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:198
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:196
+msgid "By default, the number of rounds is defined by the <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> variables in <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:253
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/chpasswd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:255
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:431
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:413
+msgid "PAM configuration for <_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:268
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:380
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:49
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:56
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:62
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:75
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:96
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:123
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:132
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:151
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:164
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:170
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:172
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:210
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:230
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:252
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:431
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:902
+msgid "newusers"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:270
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:285
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:482
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:276
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:366
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:223
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:224
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:347
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:462
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:467
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:52
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:59
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:64
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:71
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:75
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:87
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:90
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:103
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:129
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:187
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:209
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:239
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:284
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:341
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:472
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:584
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:586
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:690
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:808
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:342
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:640
+msgid "useradd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:263
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:44
+msgid "change login shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:61
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command changes the user login shell. This determines the name of the user's initial login command. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97
+#: su.1.xml.out:163
+#: su.1.xml.out:199
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:655
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357
+msgid "--shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97
+#: su.1.xml.out:163
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:522
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:655
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:662
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357
+msgid "SHELL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:100
+msgid "The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank causes the system to select the default login shell."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:107
+msgid "If the <_:option-1/> option is not selected, <_:command-2/> operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one. The current shell is displayed between a pair of <_:emphasis-3/> marks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:120
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:124
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:153
+#: su.1.xml.out:198
+msgid "/etc/shells"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "/bin/rsh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:118
+msgid "The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must be listed in <_:filename-1/>, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added. An account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell. For this reason, placing <_:filename-2/> in <_:filename-3/> is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:155
+msgid "List of valid login shells."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:37
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:44
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:50
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:60
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:69
+msgid "expiry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:45
+msgid "check and enforce password expiration policy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:52
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:61
+msgid "option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:59
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command checks (<_:option-2/>) the current password expiration and forces (<_:option-3/>) changes when required. It is callable as a normal user command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:73
+msgid "--check"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:75
+msgid "Check the password expiration of the current user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:88
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:72
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "--force"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:81
+msgid "Force a password change if the current user has an expired password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:17
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:17
+#: login.1.xml.out:50
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:24
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:17
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:17
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:17
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:17
+#: su.1.xml.out:34
+msgid "Creation, 1989"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:33
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:40
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:33
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:40
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:46
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:56
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:59
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:67
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:76
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:203
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:211
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:238
+msgid "faillog"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:35
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:24
+#: limits.5.xml.out:37
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:36
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:104
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:35
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:35
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:35
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:35
+msgid "File Formats and Configuration Files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "login failure logging file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:47
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:75
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:57
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:113
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:138
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:150
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "/var/log/faillog"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:46
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:50
+msgid "The file contains fixed length records, indexed by numerical UID. Each record contains the count of login failures since the last successful login; the maximum number of failures before the account is disabled; the line on which the last login failure occurred; the date of the last login failure; and the duration (in seconds) during which the account will be locked after a failure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "The structure of the file is:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:61
+msgid "struct faillog { short fail_cnt; short fail_max; char fail_line[12]; time_t fail_time; long fail_locktime; };"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:77
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:225
+msgid "Failure logging file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "display faillog records or set login failure limits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:55
+msgid "<_:command-1/> displays the contents of the failure log database (<_:filename-2/>). It can also set the failure counters and limits. When <_:command-3/> is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:215
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:157
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:78
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:210
+msgid "-a"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:157
+msgid "--all"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the <_:filename-1/> database."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:78
+msgid "The range of users can be restricted with the <_:option-1/> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "In display mode, this is still restricted to existing users but forces the display of the faillog entries even if they are empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:89
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+msgid "-t"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:87
+msgid "With the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:option-4/> options, the users' records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the system. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105
+msgid "--lock-secs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:109
+msgid "SEC"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "Lock account for <_:replaceable-1/> seconds after failed login."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:112
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:137
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:149
+msgid "Write access to <_:filename-1/> is required for this option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "--maximum"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:125
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:123
+msgid "Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:127
+msgid "Selecting a <_:replaceable-1/> value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed logins."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:134
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:160
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:132
+msgid "The maximum failure count should always be 0 for <_:emphasis-1/> to prevent a denial of services attack against the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144
+msgid "--reset"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "Reset the counters of login failures."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+msgid "--time"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:174
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:79
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "Display faillog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:90
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "--user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:190
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:191
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:147
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:148
+msgid "RANGE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:179
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:138
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>|<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:183
+msgid "Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used with <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/> options) only for the specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:193
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:149
+msgid "UID_MIN-UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:194
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:150
+msgid "-UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:195
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "UID_MIN-"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:188
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a <_:replaceable-1/> of users. This <_:replaceable-2/> of users can be specified with a min and max values (<_:replaceable-3/>), a max value (<_:replaceable-4/>), or a min value (<_:replaceable-5/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:201
+msgid "When none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options are used, <_:command-4/> displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:210
+msgid "<_:command-1/> only prints out users with no successful login since the last failure. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the <_:option-2/> flag, or print out all users with the <_:option-3/> flag."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:235
+#: limits.5.xml.out:125
+#: limits.5.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:66
+#: login.1.xml.out:73
+#: login.1.xml.out:79
+#: login.1.xml.out:87
+#: login.1.xml.out:94
+#: login.1.xml.out:103
+#: login.1.xml.out:106
+#: login.1.xml.out:108
+#: login.1.xml.out:112
+#: login.1.xml.out:119
+#: login.1.xml.out:171
+#: login.1.xml.out:177
+#: login.1.xml.out:230
+#: login.1.xml.out:238
+#: login.1.xml.out:247
+#: login.1.xml.out:253
+#: login.1.xml.out:259
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:112
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:343
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:518
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:530
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:133
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:60
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:125
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:132
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:179
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:121
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:265
+#: sg.1.xml.out:122
+#: su.1.xml.out:415
+msgid "login"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:20
+msgid "Rafal"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:21
+msgid "Maszkowski"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:22
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:18
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:23
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Creation, 1996"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:47
+msgid "administer <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:50
+msgid "administer <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:64
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:89
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:129
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:142
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:177
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:181
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:193
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:197
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:292
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:49
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:188
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:280
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:156
+#: limits.5.xml.out:138
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:48
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:145
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:336
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:114
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:120
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:120
+#: sg.1.xml.out:134
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:73
+msgid ", and <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:76
+msgid "administrators,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:71
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command is used to administer <_:filename-2/><_:phrase-3/>. Every group can have <_:phrase-4/> members and a password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:80
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:112
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+msgid "-A"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:79
+msgid "System administrators can use the <_:option-1/> option to define group administrator(s) and the <_:option-2/> option to define members. They have all rights of group administrators and members."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:86
+msgid "a group administrator"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:87
+msgid "a system administrator"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:84
+msgid "<_:command-1/> called by <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> with a group name only prompts for the new password of the <_:replaceable-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:93
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:180
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:196
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:277
+#: groups.1.xml.out:71
+#: groups.1.xml.out:92
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:76
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:165
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:34
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:41
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:47
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:55
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:63
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:66
+#: sg.1.xml.out:60
+#: sg.1.xml.out:64
+#: sg.1.xml.out:65
+#: sg.1.xml.out:66
+#: sg.1.xml.out:125
+msgid "newgrp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:91
+msgid "If a password is set the members can still use <_:citerefentry-1/> without a password, and non-members must supply the password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:99
+msgid "Notes about group passwords"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:100
+msgid "Group passwords are an inherent security problem since more than one person is permitted to know the password. However, groups are a useful tool for permitting co-operation between different users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:111
+msgid "Except for the <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options, the options cannot be combined."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:115
+msgid "The options cannot be combined."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83
+msgid "--add"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:128
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:137
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:141
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+#: groups.1.xml.out:48
+#: groups.1.xml.out:59
+msgid "user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:127
+msgid "Add the <_:replaceable-1/> to the named <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:137
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:168
+msgid "--delete"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:140
+msgid "Remove the <_:replaceable-1/> from the named <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+msgid "-Q"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:173
+msgid "--remove-password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:176
+msgid "Remove the password from the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password will be empty. Only group members will be allowed to use <_:command-2/> to join the named <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:189
+msgid "--restrict"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:192
+msgid "Restrict the access to the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password is set to \"!\". Only group members with a password will be allowed to use <_:command-2/> to join the named <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+msgid "--administrators"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:204
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:216
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>,..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:208
+msgid "Set the list of administrative users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+msgid "--members"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:220
+msgid "Set the list of group members."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:232
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:234
+msgid "file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:230
+msgid "This tool only operates on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:283
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:357
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:34
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:41
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:47
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:57
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:66
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:165
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:221
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:341
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:299
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:893
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:328
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:623
+msgid "groupdel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:286
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:360
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:220
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:34
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:41
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:47
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:58
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:67
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:256
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:107
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:283
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:311
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:896
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:331
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:626
+msgid "groupmod"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:289
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:33
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:40
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:46
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:60
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:116
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:128
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:141
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:184
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:234
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:159
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:318
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:339
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:198
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:242
+msgid "grpck"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:295
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:95
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:287
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:22
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:29
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:148
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:114
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:115
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:121
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:122
+#: sg.1.xml.out:137
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "gshadow"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:293
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:146
+#: sg.1.xml.out:135
+msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:275
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:128
+#: sg.1.xml.out:117
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/><_:phrase-7/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:44
+msgid "create a new group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:54
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "NEWGROUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:61
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:66
+msgid "Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the groupname. Fully numeric groupnames and groupnames . or .. are also disallowed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:94
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:95
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:236
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:82
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:136
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:201
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:264
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:391
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:396
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:557
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:174
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:90
+msgid "-g"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:91
+msgid "This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists. When used with <_:option-1/>, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. <_:option-2/> is turned off)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:82
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "--gid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:105
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:151
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:82
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:91
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:137
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:300
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:469
+msgid "GID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:108
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:134
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:195
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:105
+msgid "The numerical value of the group's ID. <_:replaceable-1/> must be unique, unless the <_:option-2/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-3/> and greater than every other group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:113
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:195
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:111
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:541
+msgid "See also the <_:option-1/> option and the <_:option-2/> description."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:131
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:134
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:303
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:314
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:317
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:319
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:320
+msgid "-K"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "--key"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "KEY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "VALUE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:124
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:302
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>=<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:128
+msgid "Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others). Multiple <_:option-2/> options can be specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:134
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:320
+msgid "100"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:321
+msgid "499"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> <_:option-4/> <_:replaceable-5/>=<_:replaceable-6/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:333
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:192
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:295
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:853
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:265
+msgid "10"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:137
+msgid "Note: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/>,<_:replaceable-4/>=<_:replaceable-5/> doesn't work yet."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:145
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:132
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:405
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "--non-unique"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:148
+msgid "permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID. As a result, for this <_:replaceable-1/>, the mapping towards group <_:replaceable-2/> may not be unique."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:55
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:143
+#: login.1.xml.out:80
+#: login.1.xml.out:88
+#: login.1.xml.out:95
+#: login.1.xml.out:212
+#: su.1.xml.out:207
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:237
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:411
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:102
+msgid "-p"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:143
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+msgid "--password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:143
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+msgid "PASSWORD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:163
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:148
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:62
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:68
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:103
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:109
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:170
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:88
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:94
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:430
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:887
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:295
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:614
+msgid "crypt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:315
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:271
+#: groups.1.xml.out:68
+#: groups.1.xml.out:104
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:255
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:63
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:69
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:443
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:104
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:110
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:170
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:176
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:305
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:34
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:217
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:89
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:95
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:431
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:829
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:887
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:296
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:614
+msgid "3"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:161
+msgid "defines an initial password for the group account. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:166
+msgid "Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths system account file <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:173
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:152
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:444
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:93
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:299
+msgid "Note:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:172
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/> This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:156
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:448
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "You should make sure the password respects the system's password policy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:185
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:287
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "--system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "Create a system group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:193
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "SYS_GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:193
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "SYS_GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:191
+msgid "The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the <_:option-1/>-<_:option-2/> range, defined in <_:filename-3/>, instead of <_:option-4/>-<_:option-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:136
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:341
+msgid "-P"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:136
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:341
+msgid "--prefix"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:219
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:106
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:108
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:181
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:183
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:507
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:136
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:140
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:142
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:341
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:346
+msgid "PREFIX_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:217
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:505
+msgid "Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory <_:replaceable-1/>. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:229
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:237
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:194
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:202
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:397
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:549
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:558
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:238
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:405
+msgid "-U"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:229
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:194
+msgid "--users"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:232
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:197
+msgid "A list of usernames to add as members of the group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:237
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:202
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:386
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:397
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:558
+msgid "-N"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:238
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:203
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:448
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:97
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:240
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:398
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:559
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:86
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:235
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:200
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:395
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:556
+msgid "The default behavior (if the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, and <_:option-3/> options are not specified) is defined by the <_:option-4/> variable in <_:filename-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:286
+msgid "You may not add a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:290
+msgid "If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the group creation request."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:317
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:463
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:831
+msgid "invalid argument to option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:321
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:277
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:261
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:449
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:311
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:835
+msgid "4"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:323
+msgid "GID is already used (when called without <_:option-1/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:327
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:289
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:847
+msgid "9"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:329
+msgid "group name is already used"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:335
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:194
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:855
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:267
+msgid "can't update group file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:369
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:226
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:227
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:350
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:480
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:913
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:39
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:46
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:51
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:62
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:71
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:82
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:232
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:283
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:298
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:300
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:643
+msgid "userdel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:372
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:229
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:230
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:353
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:490
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:488
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:140
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:348
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:916
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:345
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:40
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:47
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:53
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:64
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:72
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:263
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:522
+msgid "usermod"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:344
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:324
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:citerefentry-10/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:42
+msgid "delete a group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:59
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:59
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:86
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:125
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:85
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:87
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:249
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:392
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:648
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "GROUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to <_:replaceable-2/>. The named group must exist."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "This option forces the removal of the group, even if there's some user having the group as the primary one."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:105
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:180
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:139
+msgid "Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:122
+msgid "You may not remove the primary group of any existing user. You must remove the user before you remove the group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain owned by this group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:180
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:283
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:461
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:323
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:841
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:253
+msgid "6"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:182
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:843
+msgid "specified group doesn't exist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "can't remove user's primary group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:203
+#: login.1.xml.out:375
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:260
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:18
+msgid "George"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:19
+msgid "Kraft"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/lineage
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:20
+msgid "IV"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:21
+msgid "Creation, 2000"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:37
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:44
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:50
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:63
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:65
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:71
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:78
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:159
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:163
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:305
+msgid "groupmems"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:45
+msgid "administer members of a user's primary group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:52
+msgid "-a <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:53
+msgid "-d <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:54
+msgid "-g <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:62
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command allows a user to administer their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges. The <_:command-2/> utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i.e., guest / guest)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:70
+msgid "Only the superuser, as administrator, can use <_:command-1/> to alter the memberships of other groups."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "Add a user to the group membership list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:86
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "If the <_:filename-1/> file exist, and the group has no entry in the <_:filename-2/> file, a new entry will be created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "Delete a user from the group membership list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:97
+msgid "If the <_:filename-1/> file exist, the user will be removed from the list of members and administrators of the group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:90
+msgid "--group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:112
+msgid "The superuser can specify which group membership list to modify."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "List the group membership list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+msgid "--purge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:132
+msgid "Purge all users from the group membership list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:157
+msgid "SETUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/literal
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:160
+msgid "2710"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:161
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:162
+#: groups.1.xml.out:33
+#: groups.1.xml.out:40
+#: groups.1.xml.out:46
+#: groups.1.xml.out:56
+msgid "groups"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:158
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> executable should be in mode <_:literal-2/> as user <_:emphasis-3/> and in group <_:emphasis-4/>. The system administrator can add users to group <_:emphasis-5/> to allow or disallow them using the <_:command-6/> utility to manage their own group membership list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:167
+msgid "$ groupadd -r groups $ chmod 2710 groupmems $ chown root.groups groupmems $ groupmems -g groups -a gk4"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "secure group account information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:207
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:42
+msgid "modify a group definition on the system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command modifies the definition of the specified <_:replaceable-2/> by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:78
+msgid "--append"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "If group members are specified with -U, append them to the existing member list, rather than replacing it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "The group ID of the given <_:replaceable-1/> will be changed to <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:89
+msgid "The value of <_:replaceable-1/> must be a non-negative decimal integer. This value must be unique, unless the <_:option-2/> option is used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:95
+msgid "Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to keep the group as their primary group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to <_:replaceable-1/>, must have their group ID changed manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:105
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:395
+msgid "No checks will be performed with regard to the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, or <_:option-4/> from <_:filename-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:246
+msgid "-n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "--new-name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "NEW_GROUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:124
+msgid "The name of the group will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:replaceable-2/> name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "When used with the <_:option-1/> option, allow to change the group <_:replaceable-2/> to a non-unique value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "The encrypted password, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:261
+msgid "E_SUCCESS: success"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:267
+msgid "E_USAGE: invalid command syntax"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:273
+msgid "E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:279
+msgid "E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:285
+msgid "E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn't exist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:291
+msgid "E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:297
+msgid "E_GRP_UPDATE: can't update group file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:301
+msgid "11"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can't setup cleanup service"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:307
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:859
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "12"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "E_PAM_USERNAME: can't determine your username for use with pam"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:313
+msgid "13"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:315
+msgid "E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groups.1.xml.out:41
+msgid "display current group names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:55
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command displays the current group names or ID values. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in <_:filename-2/>, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value. The optional <_:replaceable-3/> parameter will display the groups for the named user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:68
+#: groups.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "initgroups"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: groups.1.xml.out:71
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:139
+#: sg.1.xml.out:34
+#: sg.1.xml.out:41
+#: sg.1.xml.out:47
+#: sg.1.xml.out:59
+#: sg.1.xml.out:62
+#: sg.1.xml.out:64
+#: sg.1.xml.out:67
+#: sg.1.xml.out:68
+#: su.1.xml.out:421
+msgid "sg"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:66
+msgid "Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see <_:citerefentry-1/>) will have the information from <_:filename-2/> reported. The user must use <_:command-3/> or <_:command-4/> to change his current real and effective group ID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:95
+msgid "getgid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:98
+msgid "getgroups"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:101
+msgid "getuid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:90
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:151
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:334
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:17
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:19
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "Creation, 1992"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "verify integrity of group files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:62
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:165
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:185
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:59
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the groups information. It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/> have the proper format and contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:69
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "Checks are made to verify that each entry has:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "the correct number of fields"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "a unique and valid group name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:81
+msgid "(<_:filename-1/> only)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:79
+msgid "a valid group identifier <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:88
+msgid "and administrators"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:86
+msgid "a valid list of members <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "a corresponding entry in the <_:filename-1/> file (respectively <_:filename-2/> for the <_:filename-3/> checks)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:100
+msgid "The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/> command to correct the error."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:113
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:67
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:111
+msgid "The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/><_:phrase-3/> are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-4/> should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:123
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:154
+msgid "The <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options cannot be combined."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "--read-only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:143
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:134
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:136
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:246
+msgid "no"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:140
+msgid "Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode. This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered <_:emphasis-2/> without user intervention."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:161
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "--sort"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:163
+msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> by GID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:117
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:161
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:291
+msgid "-S"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "--silence-warnings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:178
+msgid "/etc/ghadow"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about inconsistency between group members listed in <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "parameter."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:190
+msgid "and <_:emphasis-1/> parameters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:183
+msgid "By default, <_:command-1/> operates on <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/>. The user may select alternate files with the <_:emphasis-4/> <_:phrase-5/> <_:phrase-6/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:251
+msgid "one or more bad group entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:257
+msgid "can't open group files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:263
+msgid "can't lock group files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:269
+msgid "can't update group files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/citerefentry
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:286
+msgid "<_:refentrytitle-1/><_:manvolnum-2/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:278
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Creation, 2005"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:30
+msgid "shadowed group file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:35
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> contains the shadowed information for group accounts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:40
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:52
+msgid "This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to be maintained."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:45
+msgid "Each line of this file contains the following colon-separated fields:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:51
+msgid "group name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:53
+msgid "It must be a valid group name, which exist on the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:59
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "encrypted password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:61
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:102
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:87
+msgid "Refer to <_:citerefentry-1/> for details on how this string is interpreted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:73
+msgid "The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see <_:citerefentry-1/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "This field may be empty, in which case only the group members can gain the group permissions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:83
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:89
+msgid "This password supersedes any password specified in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "administrators"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:99
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:115
+msgid "It must be a comma-separated list of user names."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:102
+msgid "Administrators can change the password or the members of the group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:106
+msgid "Administrators also have the same permissions as the members (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:113
+msgid "members"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:118
+msgid "Members can access the group without being prompted for a password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:122
+msgid "You should use the same list of users as in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:162
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:324
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:48
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:67
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:113
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:134
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:166
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "grpconv"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:35
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:42
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:48
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:58
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:70
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:172
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:337
+msgid "lastlog"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:43
+msgid "reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:59
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:197
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:214
+msgid "/var/log/lastlog"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:60
+msgid "login-name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:60
+msgid "port"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:61
+msgid "last login time"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "<_:command-1/> formats and prints the contents of the last login log <_:filename-2/> file. The <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/>, and <_:emphasis-5/> will be printed. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:592
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:89
+msgid "-b"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "--before"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:78
+msgid "Print only lastlog records older than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "-C"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "--clear"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:88
+msgid "Clear lastlog record of a user. This option can be used only together with <_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:117
+msgid "--set"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "Set lastlog record of a user to the current time. This option can be used only together with <_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:131
+msgid "Print the lastlog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:142
+msgid "Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:158
+msgid "** Never logged in**"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:157
+msgid "If the user has never logged in the message <_:emphasis-1/> will be displayed instead of the port and time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:162
+msgid "Only the entries for the current users of the system will be displayed. Other entries may exist for users that were deleted previously."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:175
+msgid "ls -l"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "ls -s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:171
+msgid "The <_:filename-1/> file is a database which contains info on the last login of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by \"<_:command-2/>\" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in <_:filename-3/> users with a high UID). You can display its real size with \"<_:command-4/>\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "Database times of previous user logins."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:207
+msgid "Large gaps in UID numbers will cause the lastlog program to run longer with no output to the screen (i.e. if in lastlog database there is no entries for users with UID between 170 and 800 lastlog will appear to hang as it processes entries with UIDs 171-799)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:213
+msgid "Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the <_:term-1/> with external tools. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by default and may require a specific option to handle them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: limits.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Luca"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: limits.5.xml.out:18
+msgid "Berra"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: limits.5.xml.out:19
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:19
+msgid "Creation, 1997"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:35
+#: limits.5.xml.out:42
+#: limits.5.xml.out:50
+msgid "limits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: limits.5.xml.out:43
+msgid "resource limits definition"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: limits.5.xml.out:51
+#: limits.5.xml.out:175
+msgid "/etc/limits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: limits.5.xml.out:52
+msgid "config.h"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:49
+msgid "The <_:emphasis-1/> file (<_:filename-2/> by default or LIMITS_FILE defined <_:filename-3/>) describes the resource limits you wish to impose. It should be owned by root and readable by root account only."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:57
+msgid "By default no quota is imposed on 'root'. In fact, there is no way to impose limits via this procedure to root-equiv accounts (accounts with UID 0)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "user LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:69
+msgid "or in the form:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "@group LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:76
+#: limits.5.xml.out:112
+msgid "LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:75
+msgid "The <_:emphasis-1/> is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "The valid identifiers are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:84
+msgid "A: max address space (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "C: max core file size (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:86
+msgid "D: max data size (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:87
+msgid "F: maximum file size (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:90
+msgid "umask"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:88
+msgid "K: file creation mask, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:93
+msgid "I: max nice value (0..39 which translates to 20..-19)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:95
+msgid "L: max number of logins for this user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:96
+msgid "M: max locked-in-memory address space (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "N: max number of open files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:98
+msgid "O: max real time priority"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:101
+#: limits.5.xml.out:188
+msgid "setpriority"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:99
+msgid "P: process priority, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:104
+msgid "R: max resident set size (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:105
+msgid "S: max stack size (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:106
+msgid "T: max CPU time (MIN)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:107
+msgid "U: max number of processes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:111
+msgid "L2D2048N5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "For example, <_:emphasis-1/> is a valid <_:emphasis-2/>. For reading convenience, the following entries are equivalent:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: limits.5.xml.out:116
+msgid "username L2D2048N5 username L2 D2048 N5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: limits.5.xml.out:122
+#: login.1.xml.out:83
+#: login.1.xml.out:91
+#: login.1.xml.out:197
+#: su.1.xml.out:70
+#: su.1.xml.out:82
+#: su.1.xml.out:95
+#: su.1.xml.out:153
+#: su.1.xml.out:155
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid "username"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:121
+msgid "Be aware that after <_:emphasis-1/> the rest of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed. An invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the <_:command-2/> program."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:129
+msgid "*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:130
+msgid "default"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:131
+msgid "LIMITS_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:128
+msgid "The default entry is denoted by username \"<_:emphasis-1/>\". If you have multiple <_:emphasis-2/> entries in your <_:emphasis-3/>, then the last one will be used as the default entry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: limits.5.xml.out:136
+#: limits.5.xml.out:148
+msgid "@group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:135
+msgid "The limits specified in the form \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" apply to the members of the specified <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:141
+msgid "If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for this user will be considered."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:146
+msgid "If no lines are specified for a user, the last <_:replaceable-1/> line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: limits.5.xml.out:155
+#: limits.5.xml.out:160
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:72
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:47
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:56
+#: sg.1.xml.out:48
+#: su.1.xml.out:67
+#: su.1.xml.out:84
+#: su.1.xml.out:93
+#: su.1.xml.out:144
+#: su.1.xml.out:152
+msgid "-"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:153
+msgid "To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" will do."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:158
+msgid "To disable a limit for a user, a single dash \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:164
+msgid "Also, please note that all limit settings are set PER LOGIN. They are not global, nor are they permanent. Perhaps global limits will come, but for now this will have to do ;)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:191
+msgid "setrlimit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "begin session on the system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: login.1.xml.out:81
+#: login.1.xml.out:89
+#: login.1.xml.out:96
+msgid "host"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: login.1.xml.out:81
+#: login.1.xml.out:89
+msgid "-h <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: login.1.xml.out:84
+msgid "ENV=VAR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: login.1.xml.out:96
+msgid "-r <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "login:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:109
+msgid "exec login"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:102
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> program is used to establish a new session with the system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the <_:emphasis-2/> prompt on the user's terminal. <_:command-3/> may be special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub-process. When called from a shell, <_:command-4/> should be executed as <_:emphasis-5/> which will cause the user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of the caller). Attempting to execute <_:command-6/> from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:116
+msgid "The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of password failures are permitted before <_:command-1/> exits and the communications link is severed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to provide your old password and the new password before continuing. Please refer to <_:citerefentry-1/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:135
+#: login.1.xml.out:341
+msgid "/etc/motd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:136
+msgid ".hushlogin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:137
+msgid "You have new mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:138
+msgid "You have mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:139
+msgid "No Mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:132
+msgid "After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of the system message file, <_:filename-1/>, by creating a zero-length file <_:filename-2/> in your login directory. The mail message will be one of \"<_:emphasis-3/>\", \"<_:emphasis-4/>\", or \"<_:emphasis-5/>\" according to the condition of your mailbox."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:126
+#: su.1.xml.out:247
+msgid "$HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:133
+#: su.1.xml.out:179
+#: su.1.xml.out:199
+#: su.1.xml.out:247
+msgid "$SHELL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#. (itstool) path: term/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146
+#: su.1.xml.out:105
+#: su.1.xml.out:215
+#: su.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "$PATH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:147
+#: su.1.xml.out:248
+msgid "$LOGNAME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:147
+#: su.1.xml.out:275
+msgid "$MAIL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:143
+msgid "Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the <_:filename-1/> file. The value for <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, <_:envar-5/>, and <_:envar-6/> are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:154
+#: su.1.xml.out:264
+msgid "$TERM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:155
+#: login.1.xml.out:353
+msgid "/etc/ttytype"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:152
+msgid "On some installations, the environmental variable <_:envar-1/> will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:158
+msgid "An initialization script for your command interpreter may also be executed. Please see the appropriate manual section for more information on this function."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:164
+#: su.1.xml.out:112
+msgid "A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a \"*\" as the first character of the login shell. The given home directory will be used as the root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:173
+#: login.1.xml.out:249
+#: login.1.xml.out:401
+msgid "getty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:175
+#: login.1.xml.out:251
+msgid "init"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:178
+#: login.1.xml.out:254
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:170
+#: login.1.xml.out:246
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file. It is the responsibility of <_:citerefentry-2/> and <_:citerefentry-3/> to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session. If you use <_:command-4/> from the shell prompt without <_:command-5/>, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the \"subsession\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:193
+msgid "Do not perform authentication, user is preauthenticated."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:196
+msgid "Note: In that case, <_:replaceable-1/> is mandatory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:207
+msgid "Name of the remote host for this login."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:215
+msgid "Preserve environment."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:223
+msgid "Perform autologin protocol for rlogin."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:228
+msgid "The <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> options are only used when <_:command-4/> is invoked by root."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:237
+#: su.1.xml.out:307
+msgid "This version of <_:command-1/> has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:242
+msgid "The location of files is subject to differences in system configuration."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:258
+msgid "As with any program, <_:command-1/>'s appearance can be faked. If non-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the machine. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:317
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:56
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "/var/run/utmp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:319
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "List of current login sessions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:323
+msgid "/var/log/wtmp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:325
+msgid "List of previous login sessions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:343
+msgid "System message of the day file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:347
+msgid "/etc/nologin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:349
+msgid "Prevent non-root users from logging in."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:355
+msgid "List of terminal types."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:359
+msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:361
+msgid "Suppress printing of system messages."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:377
+msgid "mail"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:383
+#: su.1.xml.out:424
+msgid "sh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:386
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:436
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:520
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:536
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:136
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:197
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:283
+#: sg.1.xml.out:128
+#: su.1.xml.out:50
+#: su.1.xml.out:57
+#: su.1.xml.out:62
+#: su.1.xml.out:81
+#: su.1.xml.out:83
+#: su.1.xml.out:121
+#: su.1.xml.out:201
+#: su.1.xml.out:239
+#: su.1.xml.out:308
+#: su.1.xml.out:368
+#: su.1.xml.out:372
+#: su.1.xml.out:377
+#: su.1.xml.out:381
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:201
+msgid "su"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:392
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:22
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:29
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:35
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:42
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:48
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:63
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:71
+msgid "nologin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:398
+msgid "securetty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:16
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:21
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:15
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:17
+msgid "Marek"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:17
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:22
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:16
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:18
+msgid "Michałkiewicz"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:34
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:41
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:48
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:54
+msgid "login.access"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:42
+msgid "login access control table"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:47
+msgid "The <_:emphasis-1/> file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:53
+msgid "When someone logs in, the <_:emphasis-1/> is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non-networked logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination. The permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be accepted or refused."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:61
+msgid "Each line of the login access control table has three fields separated by a \":\" character:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+msgid "permission"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+msgid "users"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+msgid "origins"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>:<_:emphasis-3/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:71
+msgid "+"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:74
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:78
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:78
+msgid "ALL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/literal
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:76
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:77
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:80
+msgid "."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "LOCAL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:70
+msgid "The first field should be a \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" (access granted) or \"<_:emphasis-2/>\" (access denied) character. The second field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or <_:emphasis-3/> (always matches). The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non-networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with \"<_:literal-4/>\"), host addresses, internet network numbers (end with \"<_:literal-5/>\"), <_:emphasis-6/> (always matches) or <_:emphasis-7/> (matches any string that does not contain a \"<_:literal-8/>\" character). If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user patterns."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "EXCEPT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:84
+msgid "The <_:emphasis-1/> operator makes it possible to write very compact rules."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:89
+msgid "The group file is searched only when a name does not match that of the logged-in user. Only groups are matched in which users are explicitly listed: the program does not look at a user's primary group id value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:110
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:119
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:199
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "shadow password suite configuration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:115
+msgid "The <_:filename-1/> file defines the site-specific configuration for the shadow password suite. This file is required. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:122
+msgid "This file is a readable text file, each line of the file describing one configuration parameter. The lines consist of a configuration name and value, separated by whitespace. Blank lines and comment lines are ignored. Comments are introduced with a \"#\" pound sign and the pound sign must be the first non-white character of the line."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:133
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:242
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:380
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:87
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:297
+msgid "yes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:140
+msgid "0x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:130
+msgid "Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters. A boolean should be either the value <_:replaceable-1/> or <_:replaceable-2/>. An undefined boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a <_:replaceable-3/> value. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, octal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-4/>) or hexadecimal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-5/>). The maximum value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine-dependent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:145
+msgid "The following configuration items are provided:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:193
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:146
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:309
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:314
+msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:193
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "PASS_MIN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:194
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:147
+msgid "PASS_WARN_AGE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: variablelist/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:192
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> are only used at the time of account creation. Any changes to these settings won't affect existing accounts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:225
+msgid "CROSS REFERENCES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:226
+msgid "The following cross references show which programs in the shadow password suite use which parameters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:235
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:423
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:431
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:503
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:75
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:216
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:232
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:89
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:91
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:94
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:105
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:242
+msgid "CHFN_AUTH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:244
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:359
+msgid "LOGIN_STRING"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:241
+msgid "<_:phrase-1/> CHFN_RESTRICT <_:phrase-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:253
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:264
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:284
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:388
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:404
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:251
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:282
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:262
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:272
+msgid "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:292
+msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:301
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:307
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:313
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:320
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:326
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:332
+msgid "MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:330
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:49
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:119
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:153
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:167
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "grpunconv"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:339
+msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:346
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:439
+msgid "CONSOLE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:348
+msgid "ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:351
+msgid "FAILLOG_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:353
+msgid "FTMP_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:355
+msgid "ISSUE_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:357
+msgid "LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:361
+msgid "MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:365
+msgid "ULIMIT UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:345
+msgid "<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY <_:phrase-3/> FAKE_SHELL <_:phrase-4/> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <_:phrase-5/> KILLCHAR <_:phrase-6/> LOGIN_RETRIES <_:phrase-7/> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <_:phrase-8/> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <_:phrase-9/> USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:372
+msgid "newgrp / sg"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:374
+msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:382
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/> SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:401
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:414
+msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:412
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:421
+msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:419
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:188
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:39
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:46
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:55
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:83
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:88
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:90
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:134
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:144
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:165
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:216
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:277
+msgid "pwconv"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:428
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:191
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:47
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:61
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:98
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:104
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:109
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:153
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:157
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:166
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:280
+msgid "pwunconv"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:441
+msgid "ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:443
+msgid "ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:446
+msgid "SU_WHEEL_ONLY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:438
+msgid "<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH <_:phrase-3/> SULOG_FILE SU_NAME <_:phrase-4/> SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <_:phrase-5/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:453
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:200
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:286
+msgid "sulogin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:457
+#: su.1.xml.out:278
+msgid "ENV_TZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:455
+msgid "ENV_HZ <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:475
+msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:464
+msgid "CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:485
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:495
+msgid "TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:482
+msgid "MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:492
+msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:500
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:35
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:42
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:51
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:67
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "vipw"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:511
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:193
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:179
+msgid "BUGS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:512
+msgid "Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow password suite is now handled by PAM. Thus, <_:filename-1/> is no longer used by <_:citerefentry-2/>, or less used by <_:citerefentry-3/>, and <_:citerefentry-4/>. Please refer to the corresponding PAM configuration files instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:545
+msgid "pam"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:528
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:33
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:40
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:46
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:53
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:55
+msgid "logoutd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "enforce login time restrictions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:54
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:60
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:68
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:87
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:109
+msgid "/etc/porttime"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:56
+msgid "/etc/rc"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:52
+msgid "<_:command-1/> enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in <_:filename-2/>. <_:command-3/> should be started from <_:filename-4/>. The <_:filename-5/> file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in <_:filename-6/> is terminated."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:70
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:111
+msgid "File containing port access."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "log in to a new group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:54
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command is used to change the current group ID during a login session. If the optional <_:option-2/> flag is given, the user's environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:62
+msgid "<_:command-1/> changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in <_:filename-2/> if no group name is given. <_:command-3/> also tries to add the group to the user groupset. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in <_:filename-4/> if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in <_:filename-5/> otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:76
+msgid "If there is an entry for this group in <_:filename-1/>, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in <_:filename-2/> is considered."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:130
+#: sg.1.xml.out:119
+msgid "id"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "update and create new users in batch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command reads a <_:replaceable-2/> (or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see <_:citerefentry-3/>) with the exceptions explained below:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:87
+msgid "pw_name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:90
+msgid "This is the name of the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:93
+msgid "It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by <_:command-1/>). In case of an existing user, the user's information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "pw_passwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "This field will be encrypted and used as the new value of the encrypted password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "pw_uid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "This field is used to define the UID of the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by <_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "If this field contains a number, this number will be used as the UID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by <_:command-1/>), the UID of the specified user will be used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "If the UID of an existing user is changed, the files ownership of the user's file should be fixed manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:143
+msgid "pw_gid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "This field is used to define the primary group ID for the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:149
+msgid "If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by <_:command-1/>), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:155
+msgid "If this field is a number, this number will be used as the primary group ID of the user. If no groups exist with this GID, a new group will be created with this GID, and the name of the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:161
+msgid "If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-1/> to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:167
+msgid "If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by <_:command-1/>), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-2/> to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:179
+msgid "pw_gecos"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:182
+msgid "This field is copied in the GECOS field of the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "pw_dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:192
+msgid "This field is used to define the home directory of the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "newusers does not create parent directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:195
+msgid "If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or updated and its primary group. Note that <_:emphasis-1/> of the new user's home directory. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr informing the user of the failure. The newusers command will not halt or return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "If the home directory of an existing user is changed, <_:command-1/> does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location. This should be done manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:218
+msgid "pw_shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:221
+msgid "This field defines the shell of the user. No checks are performed on this field."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:229
+msgid "<_:command-1/> first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:235
+msgid "During this first pass, users are created with a locked password (and passwords are not changed for the users which are not created). A second pass is used to update the passwords using PAM. Failures to update a password are reported, but will not stop the other password updates."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many accounts are updated at a single time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:257
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:164
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:108
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:89
+msgid "--badname"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:260
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:167
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:111
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "Allow names that do not conform to standards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:290
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:459
+msgid "Create a system account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:297
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:466
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:398
+msgid "SYS_UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:297
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:466
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:398
+msgid "SYS_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:299
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:308
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:319
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:468
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:538
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:397
+msgid "UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:299
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:308
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:321
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:468
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:543
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:397
+msgid "UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:293
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:462
+msgid "System users will be created with no aging information in <_:filename-1/>, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the <_:option-2/>-<_:option-3/> range, defined in <_:filename-4/>, instead of <_:option-5/>-<_:option-6/> (and their <_:option-7/> counterparts for the creation of groups)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:349
+msgid "The input file must be protected since it contains unencrypted passwords."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:429
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/newusers"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:435
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:222
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:481
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:785
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:215
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:587
+msgid "/etc/subgid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:437
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:787
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:441
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:222
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:480
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:791
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:221
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:593
+msgid "/etc/subuid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:443
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:793
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:460
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:906
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:335
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:633
+msgid "subgid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:463
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:909
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:338
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:636
+msgid "subuid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:458
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:904
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:333
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:631
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:30
+msgid "politely refuse a login"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command displays a message that an account is not available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:46
+msgid "To disable all logins, investigate <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:52
+msgid "SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:51
+msgid "If <_:command-1/> is populated it will be logged."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:69
+msgid "HISTORY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:70
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command appeared in BSD 4.4."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:48
+msgid "change user password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:65
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command changes passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account. <_:command-2/> also changes the account or associated password validity period."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "Password Changes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:75
+msgid "The user is first prompted for their old password, if one is present. This password is then encrypted and compared against the stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct password. The superuser is permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten passwords may be changed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:83
+msgid "After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time. If not, <_:command-1/> refuses to change the password and exits."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:90
+msgid "The user is then prompted twice for a replacement password. The second entry is compared against the first and both are required to match in order for the password to be changed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:96
+msgid "Then, the password is tested for complexity. As a general guideline, passwords should consist of 6 to 8 characters including one or more characters from each of the following sets:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "lower case alphabetics"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:107
+msgid "digits 0 thru 9"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "punctuation marks"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:114
+msgid "Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill characters. <_:command-1/> will reject any password which is not suitably complex."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "Hints for user passwords"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:127
+msgid "UNIX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:124
+msgid "The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy <_:emphasis-1/> System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm. More recent methods are now recommended (see <_:option-2/>). The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:133
+msgid "Compromises in password security normally result from careless password selection or handling. For this reason, you should not select a password which appears in a dictionary or which must be written down. The password should also not be a proper name, your license number, birth date, or street address. Any of these may be used as guesses to violate system security."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:142
+msgid "You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:160
+msgid "This option can be used only with <_:option-1/> and causes show status for all users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:171
+msgid "Delete a user's password (make it empty). This is a quick way to disable a password for an account. It will set the named account passwordless."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:180
+msgid "--expire"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:183
+msgid "Immediately expire an account's password. This in effect can force a user to change their password at the user's next login."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:200
+msgid "This option is used to disable an account after the password has been expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired password for <_:replaceable-1/> days, the user may no longer sign on to the account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:210
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:356
+msgid "-k"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:210
+msgid "--keep-tokens"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:213
+msgid "Indicate password change should be performed only for expired authentication tokens (passwords). The user wishes to keep their non-expired tokens as before."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:222
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:231
+msgid "--lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:225
+msgid "Lock the password of the named account. This option disables a password by changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it adds a ´!´ at the beginning of the password)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:235
+msgid "usermod --expiredate 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:231
+msgid "Note that this does not disable the account. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e.g. an SSH key). To disable the account, administrators should use <_:command-1/> (this set the account's expire date to Jan 2, 1970)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:238
+msgid "Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:258
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:179
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "-q"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:258
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:179
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "--quiet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:261
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:110
+msgid "Quiet mode."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268
+msgid "--repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:272
+msgid "REPOSITORY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:271
+msgid "change password in <_:replaceable-1/> repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:291
+msgid "--status"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:294
+msgid "Display account status information. The status information consists of 7 fields. The first field is the user's login name. The second field indicates if the user account has a locked password (L), has no password (NP), or has a usable password (P). The third field gives the date of the last password change. The next four fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning period, and inactivity period for the password. These ages are expressed in days."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:309
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:405
+msgid "--unlock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:312
+msgid "Unlock the password of the named account. This option re-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the <_:option-1/> option)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:325
+msgid "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The <_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335
+msgid "-x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:338
+msgid "Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After <_:replaceable-1/>, the password is required to be changed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:355
+msgid "Password complexity checking may vary from site to site. The user is urged to select a password as complex as he or she feels comfortable with."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:360
+msgid "Users may not be able to change their password on a system if NIS is enabled and they are not logged into the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:365
+msgid "<_:command-1/> uses PAM to authenticate users and to change their passwords."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:411
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/passwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:439
+msgid "invalid combination of options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:445
+msgid "unexpected failure, nothing done"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:451
+msgid "unexpected failure, <_:filename-1/> file missing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:457
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> file busy, try again"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:472
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:phrase-4/> <_:citerefentry-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "the password file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:49
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:59
+msgid ":"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:46
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (<_:quote-2/>). These fields are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:54
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "login name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:57
+msgid "optional encrypted password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "numerical user ID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "numerical group ID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "user name or comment field"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:69
+msgid "user home directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "optional user command interpreter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:78
+msgid "x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "must"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:76
+msgid "If the <_:emphasis-1/> field is a lower-case <_:quote-2/>, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the <_:citerefentry-3/> file instead; there <_:emphasis-4/> be a corresponding line in the <_:filename-5/> file, or else the user account is invalid."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:90
+msgid "any"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "The encrypted <_:emphasis-1/> field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications which read the <_:filename-2/> file may decide not to permit <_:emphasis-3/> access at all if the <_:emphasis-4/> field is blank."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:94
+msgid "A <_:emphasis-1/> field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the <_:emphasis-2/> field before the password was locked."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:107
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:92
+msgid "If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:114
+msgid "The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system utilities, such as <_:citerefentry-1/>. The use of an ampersand here will be replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed by such system utilities."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:123
+msgid "The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory. The <_:command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:envar-2/> environmental variable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:134
+#: sg.1.xml.out:61
+#: su.1.xml.out:190
+msgid "/bin/sh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:129
+msgid "The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The <_:command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:envar-2/> environmental variable. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:150
+msgid "optional encrypted password file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:154
+msgid "/etc/passwd-"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:156
+msgid "Backup file for /etc/passwd."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:157
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:249
+msgid "Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by all user and password management tools."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:173
+msgid "getent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:176
+msgid "getpwnam"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:168
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:citerefentry-10/>, <_:citerefentry-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:33
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:40
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:47
+msgid "porttime"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "port access time file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:46
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/> contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted login times."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:51
+msgid "Each entry consists of three colon separated fields. The first field is a comma separated list of tty devices, or an asterisk to indicate that all tty devices are matched by this entry. The second field is a comma separated list of user names, or an asterisk to indicated that all user names are matched by this entry. The third field is a comma separated list of permitted access times."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:62
+msgid "Su"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:62
+msgid "Mo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "Tu"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "We"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "Th"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "Fr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:65
+msgid "Sa"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "Wk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:67
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:68
+msgid "Al"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, abbreviated <_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/>, <_:emphasis-5/>, <_:emphasis-6/>, and <_:emphasis-7/>, followed by a pair of times separated by a hyphen. The abbreviation <_:emphasis-8/> may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and <_:emphasis-9/> may be used to indicate every day. If no days are given, <_:emphasis-10/> is assumed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:74
+msgid "EXAMPLES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:77
+msgid "jfh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:75
+msgid "The following entry allows access to user <_:emphasis-1/> on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "oper"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:86
+msgid "/dev/console"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:83
+msgid "The following entries allow access only to the users <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> on <_:filename-3/> at any time. This illustrates how the <_:filename-4/> file is an ordered list of access times. Any other user would match the second entry which does not permit access at any time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:92
+msgid "console:root,oper:Al0000-2400 console:*:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:99
+msgid "games"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "The following entry allows access for the user <_:emphasis-1/> on any port during non-working hours."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:102
+msgid "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:48
+msgid "verify the integrity of password files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "PASSWORDFILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:61
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:106
+msgid "SHADOWFILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:75
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:226
+msgid "/etc/tcb"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>, when <_:option-2/> is enabled)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:70
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the users and authentication information. It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> and <_:filename-3/> <_:phrase-4/> have the proper format and contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:88
+msgid "a unique and valid user name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:91
+msgid "a valid user and group identifier"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "a valid primary group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:97
+msgid "a valid home directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:100
+msgid "a valid login shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file parameter <_:replaceable-1/> is specified or when <_:filename-2/> exists on the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:109
+msgid "These checks are the following:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "every passwd entry has a matching shadow entry, and every shadow entry has a matching passwd entry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "passwords are specified in the shadowed file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:123
+msgid "shadow entries have the correct number of fields"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "shadow entries are unique in shadow"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "the last password changes are not in the future"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/> command to correct the error."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:144
+msgid "The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-2/> should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:181
+msgid "Report errors only. The warnings which do not require any action from the user won't be displayed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:190
+msgid "Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> by UID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:215
+msgid "This option has no effect when <_:option-1/> is enabled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:225
+msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:222
+msgid "By default, <_:command-1/> operates on the files <_:filename-2/> and <_:filename-3/><_:phrase-4/>. The user may select alternate files with the <_:replaceable-5/> and <_:replaceable-6/> parameters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:231
+msgid "Note that when <_:option-1/> is enabled, you cannot specify an alternative <_:replaceable-2/> file. In future releases, this parameter could be replaced by an alternate TCB directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:301
+msgid "one or more bad password entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:307
+msgid "can't open password files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:313
+msgid "can't lock password files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:319
+msgid "can't update password files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:325
+msgid "can't sort password files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:50
+msgid "convert to and from shadow passwords and groups"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:82
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:112
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:emphasis-2/> from <_:emphasis-3/> and an optionally existing <_:emphasis-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:93
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:251
+msgid "tcb_convert"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:87
+msgid "<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. To convert to tcb passwords, you should first use <_:command-3/> to convert to shadowed passwords by disabling <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> and then convert to tcb password using <_:command-6/> (and re-enable <_:option-7/> in <_:filename-8/>.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:97
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:emphasis-2/> from <_:emphasis-3/> and <_:emphasis-4/> and then removes <_:emphasis-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:106
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:254
+msgid "tcb_unconvert"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:103
+msgid "<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. You should first switch back from tcb to shadowed passwords using <_:command-3/>, and then disable <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> before using <_:command-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files: <_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>, <_:filename-3/>, and <_:filename-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:132
+msgid "Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> are similar. First, entries in the shadowed file which don't exist in the main file are removed. Then, shadowed entries which don't have `x' as the password in the main file are updated. Any missing shadowed entries are added. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x'. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:143
+msgid "<_:command-1/> will use the values of <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and <_:emphasis-4/> from <_:filename-5/> when adding new entries to <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "Likewise <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> are similar. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file. Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone. Finally, the shadowed file is removed. Some password aging information is lost by <_:command-3/>. It will convert what it can."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:164
+msgid "The options which apply to the <_:command-1/>, <_:command-2/>, <_:command-3/>, and <_:command-4/> commands are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:194
+msgid "Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways. Please run <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:205
+msgid "The following configuration variable in <_:filename-1/> changes the behavior of <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/>:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:213
+msgid "The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior of <_:command-2/>:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:249
+msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:240
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/><_:phrase-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:35
+msgid "Library Calls"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:41
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:160
+msgid "getspnam"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:42
+msgid "encrypted password file routines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:46
+msgid "SYNTAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:48
+msgid "#include &lt;shadow.h&gt;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:52
+msgid "struct spwd *getspent();"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:56
+msgid "struct spwd *getspnam(char"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:57
+msgid "*name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:57
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:70
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:75
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:81
+msgid ");"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:61
+msgid "void setspent();"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:65
+msgid "void endspent();"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:69
+msgid "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:70
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:81
+msgid "*fp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:74
+msgid "struct spwd *sgetspent(char"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:75
+msgid "*cp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:79
+msgid "int putspent(struct spwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:80
+msgid "*p,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:80
+msgid "FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:85
+msgid "int lckpwdf();"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:89
+msgid "int ulckpwdf();"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:98
+msgid "#include"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:95
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/> manipulates the contents of the shadow password file, <_:filename-2/>. The structure in the <_:emphasis-3/> file is:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:100
+msgid "struct spwd { char *sp_namp; /* user login name */ char *sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */ long int sp_lstchg; /* last password change */ long int sp_min; /* days until change allowed. */ long int sp_max; /* days before change required */ long int sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */ long int sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */ long int sp_expire; /* date when account expires */ unsigned long int sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */ }"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:112
+msgid "The meanings of each field are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:115
+msgid "sp_namp - pointer to null-terminated user name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:118
+msgid "sp_pwdp - pointer to null-terminated password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:121
+msgid "sp_lstchg - days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:124
+msgid "sp_min - days before which password may not be changed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:127
+msgid "sp_max - days after which password must be changed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:130
+msgid "sp_warn - days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending password expiration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:135
+msgid "sp_inact - days after password expires that account is considered inactive and disabled"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:140
+msgid "sp_expire - days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:143
+msgid "sp_flag - reserved for future use"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:152
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:155
+msgid "getspent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:152
+msgid "getspname"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:153
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:156
+msgid "fgetspent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:153
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:158
+msgid "sgetspent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:154
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:158
+msgid "struct spwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:161
+msgid "name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:151
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and <_:emphasis-4/> each return a pointer to a <_:emphasis-5/>. <_:emphasis-6/> returns the next entry from the file, and <_:emphasis-7/> returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format. <_:emphasis-8/> returns a pointer to a <_:emphasis-9/> using the provided string as input. <_:emphasis-10/> searches from the current position in the file for an entry matching <_:emphasis-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:165
+msgid "setspent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:165
+msgid "endspent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:164
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> may be used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:171
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:173
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:178
+msgid "lckpwdf"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:171
+msgid "ulckpwdf"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:174
+msgid "pw_lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:176
+msgid "spw_lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:170
+msgid "The <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the <_:filename-3/> file. <_:emphasis-4/> attempts to acquire a lock using <_:emphasis-5/> for up to 15 seconds. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using <_:emphasis-6/> for the remainder of the initial 15 seconds. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds, <_:emphasis-7/> returns -1. When both locks are acquired 0 is returned."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:184
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:189
+msgid "DIAGNOSTICS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:187
+msgid "int"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:185
+msgid "Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing. Routines which have <_:emphasis-1/> as the return value return 0 for success and -1 for failure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:195
+msgid "These routines may only be used by the superuser as access to the shadow password file is restricted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:217
+msgid "getpwent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "shadowed password file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:46
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> is a file which contains the password information for the system's accounts and optional aging information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:57
+msgid "Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (<_:quote-1/>), in the following order:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "It must be a valid account name, which exist on the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:74
+msgid "This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications which read the <_:filename-1/> file may decide not to permit any access at all if the password field is empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:103
+msgid "date of last password change"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:106
+msgid "The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her password the next time she will log in the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:115
+msgid "An empty field means that password aging features are disabled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:122
+msgid "minimum password age"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:124
+msgid "The minimum password age is the number of days the user will have to wait before she will be allowed to change her password again."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:129
+msgid "An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:136
+msgid "maximum password age"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:138
+msgid "The maximum password age is the number of days after which the user will have to change her password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:142
+msgid "After this number of days is elapsed, the password may still be valid. The user should be asked to change her password the next time she will log in."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:147
+msgid "An empty field means that there are no maximum password age, no password warning period, and no password inactivity period (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:152
+msgid "If the maximum password age is lower than the minimum password age, the user cannot change her password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:160
+msgid "password warning period"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:163
+msgid "The number of days before a password is going to expire (see the maximum password age above) during which the user should be warned."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:168
+msgid "An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no password warning period."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:176
+msgid "password inactivity period"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:179
+msgid "The number of days after a password has expired (see the maximum password age above) during which the password should still be accepted (and the user should update her password during the next login)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:185
+msgid "After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no login is possible for the user. The user should contact her administrator."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:190
+msgid "An empty field means that there are no enforcement of an inactivity period."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:198
+msgid "account expiration date"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:201
+msgid "The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:205
+msgid "Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration. In case of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login. In case of a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:211
+msgid "An empty field means that the account will never expire."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:214
+msgid "The value 0 should not be used as it is interpreted as either an account with no expiration, or as an expiration on Jan 1, 1970."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:222
+msgid "reserved field"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:224
+msgid "This field is reserved for future use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:246
+msgid "/etc/shadow-"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:248
+msgid "Backup file for /etc/shadow."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: sg.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "execute command as different group ID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: sg.1.xml.out:49
+msgid "group <_:arg-1/> command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: sg.1.xml.out:58
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command works similar to <_:command-2/> but accepts a command. The command will be executed with the <_:filename-3/> shell. With most shells you may run <_:command-4/> from, you need to enclose multi-word commands in quotes. Another difference between <_:command-5/> and <_:command-6/> is that some shells treat <_:command-7/> specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that <_:command-8/> creates. This doesn't happen with <_:command-9/>, so upon exit from a <_:command-10/> command you are returned to your previous group ID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: su.1.xml.out:58
+msgid "change user ID or become superuser"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:72
+msgid "args"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:80
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command is used to become another user during a login session. Invoked without a <_:option-2/>, <_:command-3/> defaults to becoming the superuser. The <_:option-4/> option may be used to provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly. The <_:option-5/> option may be used to treat the next argument as a command by most shells."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:92
+#: su.1.xml.out:94
+msgid "--"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:90
+msgid "Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list. You can use the <_:option-1/> argument to stop option parsing. The <_:option-2/> option is special: it is also recognized after <_:option-3/>, but has to be placed before <_:option-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:98
+msgid "The user will be prompted for a password, if appropriate. Invalid passwords will produce an error message. All attempts, both valid and invalid, are logged to detect abuse of the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: su.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "/bin:/usr/bin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: su.1.xml.out:106
+msgid "/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:108
+#: su.1.xml.out:220
+msgid "ENV_PATH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:108
+#: su.1.xml.out:221
+msgid "ENV_SUPATH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:103
+msgid "The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of <_:envar-1/> is reset to <_:filename-2/> for normal users, or <_:filename-3/> for the superuser. This may be changed with the <_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/> definitions in <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+msgid "--command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+msgid "COMMAND"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:129
+msgid "Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its <_:option-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:133
+msgid "The executed command will have no controlling terminal. This option cannot be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:144
+#: su.1.xml.out:156
+#: su.1.xml.out:256
+#: su.1.xml.out:263
+#: su.1.xml.out:273
+#: su.1.xml.out:286
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "--login"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: su.1.xml.out:143
+#: su.1.xml.out:206
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:147
+msgid "Provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:151
+msgid "When <_:option-1/> is used, it must be specified before any <_:option-2/>. For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any <_:option-3/>. The other forms (<_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/>) do not have this restriction."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:166
+msgid "The shell that will be invoked."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:174
+msgid "The shell specified with --shell."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:178
+#: su.1.xml.out:208
+msgid "--preserve-environment"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:177
+msgid "If <_:option-1/> is used, the shell specified by the <_:envar-2/> environment variable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:184
+msgid "The shell indicated in the <_:filename-1/> entry for the target user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:190
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> if a shell could not be found by any above method."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:167
+msgid "The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): <_:variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:195
+msgid "If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of this user's entry in <_:filename-1/> is not listed in <_:filename-2/>), then the <_:option-3/> option or the <_:envar-4/> environment variable won't be taken into account, unless <_:command-5/> is called by root."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:217
+msgid "reset according to the <_:filename-1/> options <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/> (see below);"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/envar
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:226
+#: su.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "$IFS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: su.1.xml.out:230
+msgid "&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:228
+msgid "reset to <_:quote-1/>, if it was set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:211
+msgid "Preserve the current environment, except for: <_:variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:237
+msgid "If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless <_:command-1/> is called by root)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:248
+msgid "$USER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:246
+msgid "The <_:envar-1/>, <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, <_:envar-5/>, and <_:envar-6/> environment variables are reset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:255
+msgid "If <_:option-1/> is not used, the environment is copied, except for the variables above."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:264
+msgid "$COLORTERM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:265
+msgid "$DISPLAY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:266
+msgid "$XAUTHORITY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:262
+msgid "If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, and <_:envar-5/> environment variables are copied if they were set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:274
+msgid "$TZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:274
+msgid "$HZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:279
+msgid "ENV_HZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:279
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:116
+msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:280
+msgid "MAIL_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:272
+msgid "If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, and <_:envar-4/> environment variables are set according to the <_:filename-5/> options <_:option-6/>, <_:option-7/>, <_:option-8/>, and <_:option-9/> (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:288
+msgid "ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:285
+msgid "If <_:option-1/> is used, other environment variables might be set by the <_:option-2/> file (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:293
+msgid "Other environments might be set by PAM modules."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:241
+msgid "Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: <_:variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:367
+msgid "On success, <_:command-1/> returns the exit value of the command it executed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:371
+msgid "If this command was terminated by a signal, <_:command-1/> returns the number of this signal plus 128."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:375
+msgid "If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the command did not terminate in time), <_:command-1/> returns 255."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:387
+msgid "success (<_:option-1/> only)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:393
+msgid "System or authentication failure"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:397
+msgid "126"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:399
+msgid "The requested command was not found"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:403
+msgid "127"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:405
+msgid "The requested command could not be executed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:380
+msgid "Some exit values from <_:command-1/> are independent from the executed command: <_:variablelist-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:414
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:citerefentry-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:33
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:40
+msgid "suauth"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "detailed su control file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:46
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:53
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:172
+msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:52
+msgid "The file <_:filename-1/> is referenced whenever the su command is called. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:59
+msgid "1) the user su is targeting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "2) the user executing the su command (or any groups he might be a member of)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:68
+msgid "The file is formatted like this, with lines starting with a # being treated as comment lines and ignored;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:73
+msgid "to-id:from-id:ACTION"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "ALL EXCEPT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:77
+msgid "Where to-id is either the word <_:emphasis-1/>, a list of usernames delimited by \",\" or the words <_:emphasis-2/> followed by a list of usernames delimited by \",\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "ALL EXCEPT GROUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:83
+msgid "from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word <_:emphasis-1/> is recognized. <_:emphasis-2/> is perfectly valid too. Following <_:emphasis-3/> appears one or more group names, delimited by \",\". It is not sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in <_:citerefentry-4/> is necessary."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:94
+msgid "Action can be one only of the following currently supported options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:100
+msgid "DENY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:103
+msgid "The attempt to su is stopped before a password is even asked for."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "NOPASS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:113
+msgid "The attempt to su is automatically successful; no password is asked for."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:121
+msgid "OWNPASS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:124
+msgid "For the su command to be successful, the user must enter his or her own password. They are told this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:132
+msgid "Note there are three separate fields delimited by a colon. No whitespace must surround this colon. Also note that the file is examined sequentially line by line, and the first applicable rule is used without examining the file further. This makes it possible for a system administrator to exercise as fine control as he or she wishes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:142
+msgid "EXAMPLE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:143
+msgid "# sample /etc/suauth file # # A couple of privileged usernames may # su to root with their own password. # root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS # # Anyone else may not su to root unless in # group wheel. This is how BSD does things. # root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY # # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts # owned by the same person. # Access can be arranged between them # with no password. # terry:birddog:NOPASS birddog:terry:NOPASS #"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:180
+msgid "There could be plenty lurking. The file parser is particularly unforgiving about syntax errors, expecting no spurious whitespace (apart from beginning and end of lines), and a specific token delimiting different things."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:192
+msgid "syslogd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:190
+msgid "An error parsing the file is reported using <_:citerefentry-1/> as level ERR on facility AUTH."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:60
+msgid "create a new user or update default new user information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:72
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:76
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:86
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:169
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:583
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:585
+msgid "-D"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "When invoked without the <_:option-1/> option, the <_:command-2/> command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system. Depending on command line options, the <_:command-3/> command will update system files and may also create the new user's home directory and copy initial files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, and <_:option-4/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:592
+msgid "--base-dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:124
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:159
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:592
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:598
+msgid "BASE_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:123
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:151
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:156
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:161
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:112
+msgid "HOME_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "The default base directory for the system if <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/> is not specified. <_:replaceable-3/> is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:131
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:603
+msgid "HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:132
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:189
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:212
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:250
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:293
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:343
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:393
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:523
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:604
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:616
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:633
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:649
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:663
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:677
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:767
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:419
+msgid "/etc/default/useradd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "/home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:128
+msgid "If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the base directory specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or <_:filename-4/> by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "--comment"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "COMMENT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:142
+msgid "Any text string. It is generally a short description of the account, and is currently used as the field for the user's full name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "--home-dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:154
+msgid "The new user will be created using <_:replaceable-1/> as the value for the user's login directory. The default is to append the <_:replaceable-2/> name to <_:replaceable-3/> and use that as the login directory name. If the directory <_:replaceable-4/> does not exist, then it will be created unless the <_:option-5/> option is specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:169
+msgid "--defaults"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "See below, the subsection \"Changing the default values\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:184
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "YYYY-MM-DD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:182
+msgid "The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified in the format <_:emphasis-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:188
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:615
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:418
+msgid "EXPIRE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:186
+msgid "If not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the default expiry date specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or an empty string (no expiry) by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password. The value is stored in the shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay. An input of -1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file. See <_:citerefentry-1/>for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "If not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the default inactivity period specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or -1 by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:218
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:482
+msgid "-F"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:218
+msgid "--add-subids-for-system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:221
+msgid "Update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> even when creating a system account with <_:option-3/> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:233
+msgid "The name or the number of the user's primary group. The group name must exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "-U/--user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:247
+msgid "-N/--no-user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:238
+msgid "If not specified, the behavior of <_:command-1/> will depend on the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>. If this variable is set to <_:replaceable-4/> (or <_:option-5/> is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname. If the variable is set to <_:replaceable-6/> (or <_:option-7/> is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the <_:option-8/> variable in <_:filename-9/>, or 1000 by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:83
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:322
+msgid "-G"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "--groups"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "GROUP1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:199
+msgid ",GROUP2,..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:199
+msgid ",GROUPN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:256
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:198
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>[<_:emphasis-4/>[<_:emphasis-5/>]]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:260
+msgid "A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the <_:option-1/> option. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+msgid "--skel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+msgid "SKEL_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:281
+msgid "The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by <_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:288
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:350
+msgid "--create-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:286
+msgid "This option is only valid if the <_:option-1/> (or <_:option-2/>) option is specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:292
+msgid "SKEL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:294
+msgid "/etc/skel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:290
+msgid "If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the <_:option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/> or, by default, <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "If possible, the ACLs and extended attributes are copied."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:306
+msgid "Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (<_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:option-4/>, <_:option-5/> and others)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:312
+msgid "Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> can be used when creating an account to turn off password aging. Multiple <_:option-4/> options can be specified, e.g.: <_:option-5/> <_:replaceable-6/> =<_:replaceable-7/> <_:option-8/> <_:replaceable-9/>=<_:replaceable-10/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330
+msgid "--no-log-init"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:332
+msgid "Do not add the user to the lastlog and faillog databases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:335
+msgid "By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:342
+msgid "LOG_INIT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:340
+msgid "If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will also consult the variable <_:option-2/> in the <_:filename-3/> if set to no the user will not be added to the lastlog and faillog databases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:353
+msgid "Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with the <_:option-1/> option) will be copied to the home directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:361
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:379
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:475
+msgid "CREATE_HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:359
+msgid "By default, if this option is not specified and <_:option-1/> is not enabled, no home directories are created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:364
+msgid "The directory where the user's home directory is created must exist and have proper SELinux context and permissions. Otherwise the user's home directory cannot be created or accessed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:373
+msgid "--no-create-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:376
+msgid "Do not create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting from <_:filename-1/> (<_:option-2/>) is set to <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:386
+msgid "--no-user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:389
+msgid "Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the <_:option-1/> option or by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:408
+msgid "allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:412
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:277
+msgid "This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> option. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system's behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:428
+msgid "defines an initial password for the account. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>. Within a shell script, this option allows to create efficiently batches of users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:435
+msgid "Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of <_:filename-1/>. This is a state where the user won't be able to access the account or to define a password himself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:443
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>Avoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:471
+msgid "Note that <_:command-1/> will not create a home directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting in <_:filename-2/> (<_:option-3/>). You have to specify the <_:option-4/> options if you want a home directory for a system account to be created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:479
+msgid "Note that this option will not update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>. You have to specify the <_:option-3/> options if you want to update the files for a system account to be created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:520
+msgid "sets the path to the user's login shell. Without this option, the system will use the <_:option-1/> variable specified in <_:filename-2/>, or, if that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in <_:filename-3/> remains empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:369
+msgid "--uid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:369
+msgid "UID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:534
+msgid "The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless the <_:option-1/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-2/> and greater than every other user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:549
+msgid "--user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:552
+msgid "Create a group with the same name as the user, and add the user to this group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:153
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "-Z"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:153
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "--selinux-user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "SEUSER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:573
+msgid "semanage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:569
+msgid "defines the SELinux user for the new account. Without this option, a SELinux uses the default user. Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses <_:citerefentry-1/> for that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:581
+msgid "Changing the default values"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:582
+msgid "When invoked with only the <_:option-1/> option, <_:command-2/> will display the current default values. When invoked with <_:option-3/> plus other options, <_:command-4/> will update the default values for the specified options. Valid default-changing options are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:595
+msgid "sets the path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will be affixed to the end of <_:replaceable-1/> to form the new user's home directory name, if the <_:option-2/> option is not used when creating a new account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:602
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:614
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:631
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:647
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:661
+msgid "This option sets the <_:option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:613
+msgid "sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:625
+msgid "defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password. See <_:citerefentry-1/>for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:642
+msgid "sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group names or a numerical group ID. The named group must exist, and the GID must have an existing entry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:658
+msgid "defines the default login shell for new users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:673
+msgid "NOTES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:675
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:779
+msgid "/etc/skel/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:674
+msgid "The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the <_:filename-1/> directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in <_:filename-2/> or on the command line)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:683
+msgid "You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:688
+msgid "Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the user account creation request."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:702
+msgid "ls"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:694
+msgid "Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the username. Fully numeric usernames and usernames . or .. are also disallowed. It is not recommended to use usernames beginning with . character as their home directories will be hidden in the <_:command-1/> output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:704
+msgid "Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:769
+msgid "Default values for account creation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-pre.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-post.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "<_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "ACTION"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "SUBJECT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid "useradd-pre.d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid "useradd-post.d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid "Run-part files to execute during user addition. The environment variable <_:command-1/> will be populated with useradd and <_:command-2/> with the <_:command-3/>. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user addition. <_:filename-5/> will execute after user addition. If a script exits non-zero then execution will terminate."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:781
+msgid "Directory containing default files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:819
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "can't update password file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:837
+msgid "UID already in use (and no <_:option-1/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:849
+msgid "username or group name already in use"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:861
+msgid "can't create home directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:865
+msgid "14"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:867
+msgid "can't update SELinux user mapping"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:876
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:603
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:phrase-10/> <_:citerefentry-11/>, <_:citerefentry-12/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:47
+msgid "delete a user account and related files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:61
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name <_:emphasis-2/>. The named user must exist."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:79
+msgid "This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is still logged in. It also forces <_:command-1/> to remove the user's home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user. If <_:option-2/> is defined to <_:emphasis-3/> in <_:filename-4/> and if a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/> This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:106
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:317
+msgid "--remove"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:109
+msgid "Files in the user's home directory will be removed along with the home directory itself and the user's mail spool. Files located in other file systems will have to be searched for and deleted manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "The mail spool is defined by the <_:option-1/> variable in the <_:filename-2/> file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:156
+msgid "Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user's login."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-pre.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-post.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "userdel-pre.d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "userdel-post.d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "Run-part files to execute during user deletion. The environment variable <_:command-1/> will be populated with <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/> with the username. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user deletion. <_:filename-5/> will execute after user deletion. If a script exits non-zero then execution will terminate."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:255
+msgid "specified user doesn't exist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:261
+msgid "user currently logged in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:273
+msgid "can't remove home directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:282
+msgid "<_:command-1/> will not allow you to remove an account if there are running processes which belong to this account. In that case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user's password or account and remove the account later. The <_:option-2/> option can force the deletion of this account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:289
+msgid "You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain owned by this user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:293
+msgid "You may not remove any NIS attributes on a NIS client. This must be performed on the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "If <_:option-1/> is defined to <_:emphasis-2/> in <_:filename-3/>, <_:command-4/> will delete the group with the same name as the user. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, <_:command-5/> will check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise. The <_:option-6/> option can force the deletion of this group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:phrase-9/> <_:citerefentry-10/>, <_:citerefentry-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:48
+msgid "modify a user account"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:63
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:81
+msgid "Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:option-1/> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:102
+msgid "update the comment field of the user in <_:filename-1/>, which is normally modified using the <_:citerefentry-2/> utility."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:112
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:260
+msgid "--home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "The user's new login directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "If the <_:option-1/> option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:132
+msgid "The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified in the format <_:emphasis-1/>. Integers as input are interpreted as days after 1970-01-01."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:138
+msgid "An input of -1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in the shadow password file. The account will remain available with no date limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:143
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:165
+msgid "This option requires a <_:filename-1/> file. A <_:filename-2/> entry will be created if there were none."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:155
+msgid "defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password. This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay. An input of -1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file. See <_:citerefentry-1/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "The name or numerical ID of the user's new primary group. The group must exist."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:181
+msgid "Any file from the user's home directory owned by the previous primary group of the user will be owned by this new group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:185
+msgid "The group ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be fixed manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:193
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:393
+msgid "/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user's home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:202
+msgid "A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. The groups must exist."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:207
+msgid "If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the <_:option-1/> option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "NEW_LOGIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:220
+msgid "The name of the user will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:replaceable-2/>. Nothing else is changed. In particular, the user's home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:231
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:411
+msgid "-L"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:234
+msgid "Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with <_:option-1/> or <_:option-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:240
+msgid "Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:250
+msgid "--move-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:253
+msgid "moves the content of the user's home directory to the new location. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:258
+msgid "This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> (or <_:option-2/>) option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:262
+msgid "<_:command-1/> will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:274
+msgid "allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:293
+msgid "defines a new password for the user. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:298
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/> Avoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "The password will be written in the local <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/> file. This might differ from the password database configured in your PAM configuration."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:320
+msgid "Remove the user from named supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:option-1/> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:344
+msgid "Apply changes within the directory tree starting with <_:replaceable-1/> and use as well the configuration files located there. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:360
+msgid "changes the user's login shell. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field in <_:filename-1/> and logs the user into the system's default shell."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:372
+msgid "The new value of the user's ID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:375
+msgid "This value must be unique, unless the <_:option-1/> option is used. The value must be non-negative."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:380
+msgid "The user's mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are located in the user's home directory will have the file user ID changed automatically."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:385
+msgid "The ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be fixed manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:389
+msgid "The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user's home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:408
+msgid "Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted password. You can't use this option with <_:option-1/> or <_:option-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:417
+msgid "99999"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:413
+msgid "Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> (for example to <_:replaceable-2/>, or to the <_:option-3/> value from <_:filename-4/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425
+msgid "-v"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "--add-subuids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "FIRST"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "LAST"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:424
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:442
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:462
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:480
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>-<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:428
+msgid "Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:431
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:469
+msgid "This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:436
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "SUB_UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:436
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "SUB_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:437
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:457
+msgid "SUB_UID_COUNT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:434
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:454
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:472
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:492
+msgid "No checks will be performed with regard to <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> from /etc/login.defs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443
+msgid "-V"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "--del-subuids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:446
+msgid "Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:449
+msgid "This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:489
+msgid "--add-subgids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:466
+msgid "Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:474
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:494
+msgid "SUB_GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:474
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:494
+msgid "SUB_GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:475
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:495
+msgid "SUB_GID_COUNT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:489
+msgid "--del-subgids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:484
+msgid "Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:487
+msgid "This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:504
+msgid "defines the SELinux user to be mapped with <_:replaceable-1/>. An empty string (\"\") will remove the respective entry (if any). Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses semanage(8) for that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:518
+msgid "You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. <_:command-1/> checks this on Linux. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:527
+msgid "crontab"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:528
+msgid "at"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:526
+msgid "You must change the owner of any <_:command-1/> files or <_:command-2/> jobs manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:530
+msgid "You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:559
+msgid "Group account information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:565
+msgid "Secure group account informatio."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:571
+msgid "Shadow password suite configuration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:577
+msgid "User account information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:583
+msgid "Secure user account information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:589
+msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:595
+msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:43
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:57
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:67
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:86
+msgid "vigr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:44
+msgid "edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "$VISUAL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "$EDITOR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:77
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:205
+msgid "vi"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:66
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands edits the files <_:filename-3/> and <_:filename-4/>, respectively. With the <_:option-5/> flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files, <_:filename-6/> and <_:filename-7/>, respectively. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable <_:envar-8/>, then the environment variable <_:envar-9/>, and finally the default editor, <_:citerefentry-10/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:84
+msgid "The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "Edit group database."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:102
+msgid "--passwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "Edit passwd database."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127
+msgid "--shadow"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "Edit shadow or gshadow database."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "Indicates which user's tcb shadow file to edit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:154
+msgid "ENVIRONMENT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:157
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:165
+msgid "VISUAL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:159
+msgid "Editor to be used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:163
+msgid "EDITOR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:165
+msgid "Editor to be used if <_:option-1/> is not set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:220
+msgid "tcb"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:203
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:citerefentry-7/>."
+msgstr ""
+
diff --git a/man/po/stamp-po b/man/po/stamp-po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9788f70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/po/stamp-po
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+timestamp
diff --git a/man/po/sv.po b/man/po/sv.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fdf1c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/po/sv.po
@@ -0,0 +1,12941 @@
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: man pages for shadow 4.0.18\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-08 10:37-0600\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-08-23 01:41+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Daniel Nylander <po@danielnylander.se>\n"
+"Language-Team: Swedish <debian-l10n-swedish@lists.debian.org>\n"
+"Language: sv\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:16 chfn.1.xml.out:18 chpasswd.8.xml.out:19 chsh.1.xml.out:18
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:19 faillog.5.xml.out:15 faillog.8.xml.out:15
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:18 groupdel.8.xml.out:16 groupmod.8.xml.out:16
+#: groups.1.xml.out:15 grpck.8.xml.out:15 lastlog.8.xml.out:17
+#: login.1.xml.out:48 login.defs.5.xml.out:84 logoutd.8.xml.out:15
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:16 newusers.8.xml.out:31 passwd.1.xml.out:22
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:15 porttime.5.xml.out:15 pwck.8.xml.out:22
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:15 shadow.5.xml.out:15 sg.1.xml.out:16 su.1.xml.out:32
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:34 userdel.8.xml.out:21 usermod.8.xml.out:22
+msgid "Julianne Frances"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:17 chfn.1.xml.out:19 chpasswd.8.xml.out:20 chsh.1.xml.out:19
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:20 faillog.5.xml.out:16 faillog.8.xml.out:16
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:19 groupdel.8.xml.out:17 groupmod.8.xml.out:17
+#: groups.1.xml.out:16 grpck.8.xml.out:16 lastlog.8.xml.out:18
+#: login.1.xml.out:49 login.defs.5.xml.out:85 logoutd.8.xml.out:16
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:17 newusers.8.xml.out:32 passwd.1.xml.out:23
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:16 porttime.5.xml.out:16 pwck.8.xml.out:23
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:16 shadow.5.xml.out:16 sg.1.xml.out:17 su.1.xml.out:33
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:35 userdel.8.xml.out:22 usermod.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Haugh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:18 chfn.1.xml.out:20 chsh.1.xml.out:20 expiry.1.xml.out:21
+msgid "Creation, 1990"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:21 chfn.1.xml.out:23 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:20
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:24 chsh.1.xml.out:23 expiry.1.xml.out:24
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:20 faillog.8.xml.out:20 gpasswd.1.xml.out:25
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:23 groupdel.8.xml.out:21 groupmems.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:21 groups.1.xml.out:20 grpck.8.xml.out:20
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:22 limits.5.xml.out:22 login.1.xml.out:53
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:21 login.defs.5.xml.out:89 logoutd.8.xml.out:20
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:21 newusers.8.xml.out:36 passwd.1.xml.out:27
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:20 porttime.5.xml.out:20 pwck.8.xml.out:27
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:26 shadow.3.xml.out:20 shadow.5.xml.out:20 sg.1.xml.out:21
+#: su.1.xml.out:37 suauth.5.xml.out:20 useradd.8.xml.out:39
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:26 usermod.8.xml.out:27 vipw.8.xml.out:22
+msgid "Thomas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:22 chfn.1.xml.out:24 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:21
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:25 chsh.1.xml.out:24 expiry.1.xml.out:25
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:21 faillog.8.xml.out:21 gpasswd.1.xml.out:26
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:24 groupdel.8.xml.out:22 groupmems.8.xml.out:25
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:22 groups.1.xml.out:21 grpck.8.xml.out:21
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:23 limits.5.xml.out:23 login.1.xml.out:54
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:22 login.defs.5.xml.out:90 logoutd.8.xml.out:21
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:22 newusers.8.xml.out:37 passwd.1.xml.out:28
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:21 porttime.5.xml.out:21 pwck.8.xml.out:28
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:27 shadow.3.xml.out:21 shadow.5.xml.out:21 sg.1.xml.out:22
+#: su.1.xml.out:38 suauth.5.xml.out:21 useradd.8.xml.out:40
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:27 usermod.8.xml.out:28 vipw.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Kłoczko"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/email
+#: chage.1.xml.out:23 chfn.1.xml.out:25 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:22
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:26 chsh.1.xml.out:25 expiry.1.xml.out:26
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:22 faillog.8.xml.out:22 gpasswd.1.xml.out:27
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:25 groupdel.8.xml.out:23 groupmems.8.xml.out:26
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:23 groups.1.xml.out:22 grpck.8.xml.out:22
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:24 limits.5.xml.out:24 login.1.xml.out:55
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:23 login.defs.5.xml.out:91 logoutd.8.xml.out:22
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:23 newusers.8.xml.out:38 passwd.1.xml.out:29
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:22 porttime.5.xml.out:22 pwck.8.xml.out:29
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:28 shadow.3.xml.out:22 shadow.5.xml.out:22 sg.1.xml.out:23
+#: su.1.xml.out:39 suauth.5.xml.out:22 useradd.8.xml.out:41
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:28 usermod.8.xml.out:29 vipw.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "kloczek@pld.org.pl"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:24 chfn.1.xml.out:26 chpasswd.8.xml.out:27 chsh.1.xml.out:26
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:27 faillog.5.xml.out:23 faillog.8.xml.out:23
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:28 groupadd.8.xml.out:26 groupdel.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:27 groupmod.8.xml.out:24 groups.1.xml.out:23
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:23 lastlog.8.xml.out:25 limits.5.xml.out:25
+#: login.1.xml.out:56 login.access.5.xml.out:24 login.defs.5.xml.out:92
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:23 newgrp.1.xml.out:24 newusers.8.xml.out:39
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:30 passwd.5.xml.out:23 porttime.5.xml.out:23
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:30 pwconv.8.xml.out:29 shadow.3.xml.out:23
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:23 sg.1.xml.out:24 su.1.xml.out:40 suauth.5.xml.out:23
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:42 userdel.8.xml.out:29 usermod.8.xml.out:30
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:25
+msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:27 chfn.1.xml.out:29 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:26
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:30 chsh.1.xml.out:29 expiry.1.xml.out:30
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:26 faillog.8.xml.out:26 gpasswd.1.xml.out:31
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:29 groupdel.8.xml.out:27 groupmems.8.xml.out:30
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:27 groups.1.xml.out:26 grpck.8.xml.out:26
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:14 lastlog.8.xml.out:28 limits.5.xml.out:28
+#: login.1.xml.out:59 login.access.5.xml.out:27 login.defs.5.xml.out:95
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:26 newgrp.1.xml.out:27 newusers.8.xml.out:42
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:15 passwd.1.xml.out:33 passwd.5.xml.out:26
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:26 pwck.8.xml.out:33 pwconv.8.xml.out:32
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:26 shadow.5.xml.out:26 sg.1.xml.out:27 su.1.xml.out:43
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:26 useradd.8.xml.out:45 userdel.8.xml.out:32
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:33 vipw.8.xml.out:28
+msgid "Nicolas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:28 chfn.1.xml.out:30 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:27
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:31 chsh.1.xml.out:30 expiry.1.xml.out:31
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:27 faillog.8.xml.out:27 gpasswd.1.xml.out:32
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:30 groupdel.8.xml.out:28 groupmems.8.xml.out:31
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:28 groups.1.xml.out:27 grpck.8.xml.out:27
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:15 lastlog.8.xml.out:29 limits.5.xml.out:29
+#: login.1.xml.out:60 login.access.5.xml.out:28 login.defs.5.xml.out:96
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:27 newgrp.1.xml.out:28 newusers.8.xml.out:43
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:16 passwd.1.xml.out:34 passwd.5.xml.out:27
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:27 pwck.8.xml.out:34 pwconv.8.xml.out:33
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:27 shadow.5.xml.out:27 sg.1.xml.out:28 su.1.xml.out:44
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:27 useradd.8.xml.out:46 userdel.8.xml.out:33
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:34 vipw.8.xml.out:29
+msgid "François"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/email
+#: chage.1.xml.out:29 chfn.1.xml.out:31 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:28
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:32 chsh.1.xml.out:31 expiry.1.xml.out:32
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:28 faillog.8.xml.out:28 gpasswd.1.xml.out:33
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:31 groupdel.8.xml.out:29 groupmems.8.xml.out:32
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:29 groups.1.xml.out:28 grpck.8.xml.out:28
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:16 lastlog.8.xml.out:30 limits.5.xml.out:30
+#: login.1.xml.out:61 login.access.5.xml.out:29 login.defs.5.xml.out:97
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:28 newgrp.1.xml.out:29 newusers.8.xml.out:44
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:17 passwd.1.xml.out:35 passwd.5.xml.out:28
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:28 pwck.8.xml.out:35 pwconv.8.xml.out:34
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:28 shadow.5.xml.out:28 sg.1.xml.out:29 su.1.xml.out:45
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:28 useradd.8.xml.out:47 userdel.8.xml.out:34
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:35 vipw.8.xml.out:30
+msgid "nicolas.francois@centraliens.net"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:30 chfn.1.xml.out:32 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:29
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:33 chsh.1.xml.out:32 expiry.1.xml.out:33
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:29 faillog.8.xml.out:29 gpasswd.1.xml.out:34
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:32 groupdel.8.xml.out:30 groupmems.8.xml.out:33
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:30 groups.1.xml.out:29 grpck.8.xml.out:29
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:18 lastlog.8.xml.out:31 limits.5.xml.out:31
+#: login.1.xml.out:62 login.access.5.xml.out:30 login.defs.5.xml.out:98
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:29 newgrp.1.xml.out:30 newusers.8.xml.out:45
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:18 passwd.1.xml.out:36 passwd.5.xml.out:29
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:29 pwck.8.xml.out:36 pwconv.8.xml.out:35
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:29 shadow.5.xml.out:29 sg.1.xml.out:30 su.1.xml.out:46
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:29 useradd.8.xml.out:48 userdel.8.xml.out:35
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:36 vipw.8.xml.out:31
+msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chage.1.xml.out:34 chage.1.xml.out:41 chage.1.xml.out:46 chage.1.xml.out:59
+#: chage.1.xml.out:69 chage.1.xml.out:216 chage.1.xml.out:226
+#: chage.1.xml.out:236 chage.1.xml.out:241 chage.1.xml.out:285
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:233 shadow.5.xml.out:262
+msgid "chage"
+msgstr "chage"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:35 chage.1.xml.out:294 chfn.1.xml.out:37 chfn.1.xml.out:65
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:205 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:217 chpasswd.8.xml.out:265
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:37 chsh.1.xml.out:171 expiry.1.xml.out:38
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:235 gpasswd.1.xml.out:39 gpasswd.1.xml.out:93
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:277 groupadd.8.xml.out:345 groupadd.8.xml.out:348
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:351 groupdel.8.xml.out:205 groupdel.8.xml.out:208
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:211 groupmems.8.xml.out:209 groupmems.8.xml.out:212
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:215 groupmod.8.xml.out:326 groupmod.8.xml.out:329
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:332 groups.1.xml.out:34 groups.1.xml.out:92
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:243 gshadow.5.xml.out:77 gshadow.5.xml.out:165
+#: limits.5.xml.out:185 login.1.xml.out:67 login.1.xml.out:128
+#: login.1.xml.out:377 login.1.xml.out:380 login.1.xml.out:383
+#: login.1.xml.out:386 login.access.5.xml.out:112 login.defs.5.xml.out:516
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:518 login.defs.5.xml.out:520 login.defs.5.xml.out:530
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:533 login.defs.5.xml.out:536 newgrp.1.xml.out:35
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:130 newgrp.1.xml.out:133 newgrp.1.xml.out:136
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:139 newgrp.1.xml.out:142 newusers.8.xml.out:456
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:60 passwd.1.xml.out:41 passwd.1.xml.out:431
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:118 passwd.5.xml.out:173 passwd.5.xml.out:179
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:182 passwd.5.xml.out:197 porttime.5.xml.out:121
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:293 shadow.5.xml.out:262 shadow.5.xml.out:265
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:268 shadow.5.xml.out:283 sg.1.xml.out:35 sg.1.xml.out:119
+#: sg.1.xml.out:122 sg.1.xml.out:125 sg.1.xml.out:128 sg.1.xml.out:131
+#: su.1.xml.out:51 su.1.xml.out:391 su.1.xml.out:415 su.1.xml.out:421
+#: su.1.xml.out:424 suauth.5.xml.out:201 useradd.8.xml.out:817
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:878 useradd.8.xml.out:881 useradd.8.xml.out:884
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:241 userdel.8.xml.out:310 userdel.8.xml.out:313
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:316 usermod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:244
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:605 usermod.8.xml.out:608 usermod.8.xml.out:611
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:78 vipw.8.xml.out:205
+msgid "1"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:36 chfn.1.xml.out:38 chsh.1.xml.out:38 expiry.1.xml.out:39
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:40 groups.1.xml.out:35 login.1.xml.out:68
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:36 passwd.1.xml.out:42 sg.1.xml.out:36 su.1.xml.out:52
+msgid "User Commands"
+msgstr "Användarkommandon"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:37 chfn.1.xml.out:39 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:36
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:40 chsh.1.xml.out:39 expiry.1.xml.out:40
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:36 faillog.8.xml.out:36 gpasswd.1.xml.out:41
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:39 groupdel.8.xml.out:37 groupmems.8.xml.out:40
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:37 groups.1.xml.out:36 grpck.8.xml.out:36
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:25 lastlog.8.xml.out:38 limits.5.xml.out:38
+#: login.1.xml.out:69 login.access.5.xml.out:37 login.defs.5.xml.out:105
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:36 newgrp.1.xml.out:37 newusers.8.xml.out:52
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:25 passwd.1.xml.out:43 passwd.5.xml.out:36
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:36 pwck.8.xml.out:43 pwconv.8.xml.out:42
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:36 shadow.5.xml.out:36 sg.1.xml.out:37 su.1.xml.out:53
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:36 useradd.8.xml.out:55 userdel.8.xml.out:42
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:43 vipw.8.xml.out:38
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "shadow"
+msgid "shadow-utils"
+msgstr "shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:38 chfn.1.xml.out:40 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:37
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:41 chsh.1.xml.out:40 expiry.1.xml.out:41
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:37 faillog.8.xml.out:37 gpasswd.1.xml.out:42
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:40 groupdel.8.xml.out:38 groupmems.8.xml.out:41
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:38 groups.1.xml.out:37 grpck.8.xml.out:37
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:26 lastlog.8.xml.out:39 limits.5.xml.out:39
+#: login.1.xml.out:70 login.access.5.xml.out:38 login.defs.5.xml.out:106
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:37 newgrp.1.xml.out:38 newusers.8.xml.out:53
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:26 passwd.1.xml.out:44 passwd.5.xml.out:37
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:37 pwck.8.xml.out:44 pwconv.8.xml.out:43
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:37 shadow.5.xml.out:37 sg.1.xml.out:38 su.1.xml.out:54
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:37 useradd.8.xml.out:56 userdel.8.xml.out:43
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:44 vipw.8.xml.out:39
+msgid "4.13"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chage.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "change user password expiry information"
+msgstr "ändra åldringsinformation för användarlösenord"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: chage.1.xml.out:48 chfn.1.xml.out:51 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:48
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:52 chsh.1.xml.out:51 faillog.8.xml.out:48
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:49 groupmod.8.xml.out:49 grpck.8.xml.out:47
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:50 newusers.8.xml.out:64 passwd.1.xml.out:55
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:54 pwconv.8.xml.out:57 pwconv.8.xml.out:63
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:69 pwconv.8.xml.out:75 su.1.xml.out:64 useradd.8.xml.out:66
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:78 userdel.8.xml.out:52 usermod.8.xml.out:55
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:53 vipw.8.xml.out:59
+msgid "options"
+msgstr "flaggor"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:51 chfn.1.xml.out:54 chsh.1.xml.out:54 faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 passwd.1.xml.out:58 useradd.8.xml.out:68
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:158 userdel.8.xml.out:54 userdel.8.xml.out:64
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:57 usermod.8.xml.out:222 usermod.8.xml.out:506
+msgid "LOGIN"
+msgstr "INLOGGNINGSNAMN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:57 chfn.1.xml.out:60 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:54
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:58 chsh.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:58
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:45 faillog.8.xml.out:54 gpasswd.1.xml.out:70
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:60 groupdel.8.xml.out:56 groupmems.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:56 groups.1.xml.out:54 grpck.8.xml.out:58
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:34 lastlog.8.xml.out:56 limits.5.xml.out:48
+#: login.1.xml.out:101 login.access.5.xml.out:46 login.defs.5.xml.out:114
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:51 newgrp.1.xml.out:53 newusers.8.xml.out:73
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:40 passwd.1.xml.out:64 passwd.5.xml.out:45
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:45 pwck.8.xml.out:69 pwconv.8.xml.out:81
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:94 shadow.3.xml.out:150 shadow.5.xml.out:45 sg.1.xml.out:57
+#: su.1.xml.out:79 suauth.5.xml.out:51 useradd.8.xml.out:84
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:60 usermod.8.xml.out:62 vipw.8.xml.out:65
+msgid "DESCRIPTION"
+msgstr "BESKRIVNING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:58
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes the number of days between password "
+"changes and the date of the last password change. This information is used "
+"by the system to determine when a user must change their password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:67 chfn.1.xml.out:87 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:81
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:106 chsh.1.xml.out:71 expiry.1.xml.out:67
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:65 gpasswd.1.xml.out:110 groupadd.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:80 groupdel.8.xml.out:64 groupmems.8.xml.out:76
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:65 grpck.8.xml.out:122 lastlog.8.xml.out:68
+#: login.1.xml.out:186 newusers.8.xml.out:250 passwd.1.xml.out:150
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:163 su.1.xml.out:120
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:102 userdel.8.xml.out:69 usermod.8.xml.out:70
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:83
+msgid "OPTIONS"
+msgstr "FLAGGOR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:68 chfn.1.xml.out:88 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:82
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:107 chsh.1.xml.out:72 expiry.1.xml.out:68
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:66 gpasswd.1.xml.out:118 groupadd.8.xml.out:81
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:77 groupmod.8.xml.out:66
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:127 lastlog.8.xml.out:69 newusers.8.xml.out:251
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:151 pwck.8.xml.out:158 su.1.xml.out:121
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:103 userdel.8.xml.out:70 usermod.8.xml.out:71
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The options which apply to the <command>su</command> command are:"
+msgid "The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> command are:"
+msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>su</command> är:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74 gpasswd.1.xml.out:137 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:168 useradd.8.xml.out:123 useradd.8.xml.out:151
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:599 usermod.8.xml.out:112 usermod.8.xml.out:260
+msgid "-d"
+msgstr "-d"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "--lastday"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74 chage.1.xml.out:81 chage.1.xml.out:175
+msgid "LAST_DAY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chage.1.xml.out:73 chage.1.xml.out:88 chage.1.xml.out:127
+#: chage.1.xml.out:156 chage.1.xml.out:168 chage.1.xml.out:189
+#: chage.1.xml.out:202 chfn.1.xml.out:93 chfn.1.xml.out:101 chfn.1.xml.out:109
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:121 chfn.1.xml.out:129 chfn.1.xml.out:150
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:122 chpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chpasswd.8.xml.out:164
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:177 chsh.1.xml.out:83 chsh.1.xml.out:96
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:104 faillog.8.xml.out:119 faillog.8.xml.out:156
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 gpasswd.1.xml.out:123 gpasswd.1.xml.out:136
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:157 groupadd.8.xml.out:101 groupadd.8.xml.out:157
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:200 groupadd.8.xml.out:213 groupdel.8.xml.out:88
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:101 groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110 groupmems.8.xml.out:141 groupmod.8.xml.out:72
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:81 groupmod.8.xml.out:120 groupmod.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:163 groupmod.8.xml.out:176 grpck.8.xml.out:148
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:74 lastlog.8.xml.out:103 lastlog.8.xml.out:127
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:305 passwd.1.xml.out:196 passwd.1.xml.out:245
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:267 passwd.1.xml.out:277 passwd.1.xml.out:321
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:334 pwck.8.xml.out:196 pwconv.8.xml.out:177
+#: su.1.xml.out:125 su.1.xml.out:162 useradd.8.xml.out:117
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:150 useradd.8.xml.out:178
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:195 useradd.8.xml.out:229 useradd.8.xml.out:277
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:424 useradd.8.xml.out:488 useradd.8.xml.out:501
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:516 useradd.8.xml.out:530 useradd.8.xml.out:565
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:591 useradd.8.xml.out:609 useradd.8.xml.out:621
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:638 useradd.8.xml.out:654 userdel.8.xml.out:122
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:135 usermod.8.xml.out:98 usermod.8.xml.out:111
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:128 usermod.8.xml.out:151 usermod.8.xml.out:173
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:216 usermod.8.xml.out:289 usermod.8.xml.out:327
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:340 usermod.8.xml.out:356 usermod.8.xml.out:368
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:500 vipw.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:82 chage.1.xml.out:288 groupadd.8.xml.out:303
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:168 groupmod.8.xml.out:259 grpck.8.xml.out:237
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:138 passwd.1.xml.out:425 pwck.8.xml.out:287
+#: su.1.xml.out:385 useradd.8.xml.out:811 userdel.8.xml.out:235
+msgid "0"
+msgstr "0"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:77
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last "
+"changed. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the "
+"format more commonly used in your area). If the <_:replaceable-1/> is set to "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> the user is forced to change his password on the next log on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-E"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89 useradd.8.xml.out:179 useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "--expiredate"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89 chage.1.xml.out:109 useradd.8.xml.out:179
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:610 usermod.8.xml.out:129 usermod.8.xml.out:243
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:416
+msgid "EXPIRE_DATE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:92
+msgid ""
+"Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on which the user's "
+"account will no longer be accessible. The date may also be expressed in the "
+"format YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area). A user "
+"whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being "
+"able to use the system again."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 "
+"days:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting
+#: chage.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "chage -E $(date -d +180days +%Y-%m-%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:108 chage.1.xml.out:139 chage.1.xml.out:182
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:344 useradd.8.xml.out:315
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "1"
+msgid "-1"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:107
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an "
+"account expiration date."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chfn.1.xml.out:102 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:96 login.1.xml.out:204
+#: login.1.xml.out:229 newusers.8.xml.out:280 passwd.1.xml.out:190
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwconv.8.xml.out:171 useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:99 vipw.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "-h"
+msgstr "-h"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chfn.1.xml.out:143 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:96 newusers.8.xml.out:280
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:190 pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: su.1.xml.out:387 useradd.8.xml.out:271 userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "--help"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chage.1.xml.out:121 chage.1.xml.out:146
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:142 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:139 chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:73 expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:88 faillog.8.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:98
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 gpasswd.1.xml.out:172
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:188 groupadd.8.xml.out:87 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:144 groupadd.8.xml.out:184 groupadd.8.xml.out:228
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:71 groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:124 groupmems.8.xml.out:130 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:131 groupmod.8.xml.out:193 grpck.8.xml.out:132
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 grpck.8.xml.out:161 grpck.8.xml.out:172
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:84 lastlog.8.xml.out:95 lastlog.8.xml.out:116
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:268 newusers.8.xml.out:280 newusers.8.xml.out:286
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320 passwd.1.xml.out:156 passwd.1.xml.out:167
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:179 passwd.1.xml.out:190 passwd.1.xml.out:209
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:221 passwd.1.xml.out:257 passwd.1.xml.out:290
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:308 pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwck.8.xml.out:179
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188 pwck.8.xml.out:209 pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:168 useradd.8.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330 useradd.8.xml.out:349 useradd.8.xml.out:372
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:385 useradd.8.xml.out:404 useradd.8.xml.out:455
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:548 userdel.8.xml.out:75 userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:105 userdel.8.xml.out:152 usermod.8.xml.out:77
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:88 usermod.8.xml.out:230 usermod.8.xml.out:249
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:270 usermod.8.xml.out:316 usermod.8.xml.out:404
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:90 vipw.8.xml.out:96 vipw.8.xml.out:102 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127 vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>"
+msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:117 chfn.1.xml.out:146 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:109
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:149 chsh.1.xml.out:79 expiry.1.xml.out:90
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:100 gpasswd.1.xml.out:151 groupadd.8.xml.out:120
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:84 groupmems.8.xml.out:120 groupmod.8.xml.out:116
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:134 lastlog.8.xml.out:99 newusers.8.xml.out:282
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:192 pwck.8.xml.out:175 pwconv.8.xml.out:173
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:273 userdel.8.xml.out:101 vipw.8.xml.out:98
+msgid "Display help message and exit."
+msgstr "Visa hjälpmeddelande och avsluta."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121 passwd.1.xml.out:197
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-i"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121
+msgid "--iso8601"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "When printing dates, use YYYY-MM-DD format."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-I"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128 passwd.1.xml.out:197 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622 usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "--inactive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128 chage.1.xml.out:134 chage.1.xml.out:140
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:197 passwd.1.xml.out:203 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:211 useradd.8.xml.out:622 useradd.8.xml.out:632
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "INACTIVE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:131
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the "
+"account is locked. The <_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days of "
+"inactivity. A user whose account is locked must contact the system "
+"administrator before being able to use the system again."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an "
+"account's inactivity."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: chage.1.xml.out:147 chage.1.xml.out:242 faillog.8.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105 faillog.8.xml.out:185 faillog.8.xml.out:202
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:55 groupmems.8.xml.out:124 passwd.1.xml.out:222
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:316 su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:156 useradd.8.xml.out:330
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "-l"
+msgstr "-l"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:147 groupmems.8.xml.out:124
+msgid "--list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:150
+msgid "Show account aging information."
+msgstr "Visa kontots åldringsinformation"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:72 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:78 chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:130
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:155 faillog.8.xml.out:88 faillog.8.xml.out:120
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:185 faillog.8.xml.out:202 su.1.xml.out:207
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:287 useradd.8.xml.out:350 useradd.8.xml.out:476
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:119 usermod.8.xml.out:250
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-m"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+msgid "--mindays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 chage.1.xml.out:162 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:251
+msgid "MIN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:160 passwd.1.xml.out:249
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the minimum number of days between password changes to "
+#| "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>. A value of zero for this field "
+#| "indicates that the user may change their password at any time."
+msgid ""
+"Set the minimum number of days between password changes to <_:replaceable-1/"
+">. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their "
+"password at any time."
+msgstr ""
+"Sätter minimalt antal dagar mellan lösenordsändringar till "
+"<replaceable>MIN_DAGAR</replaceable>. Ett nollvärde för detta fält betyder "
+"att användaren kan ändra sitt lösenord när som helst."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 gpasswd.1.xml.out:81 gpasswd.1.xml.out:112
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:162 useradd.8.xml.out:373
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-M"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 passwd.1.xml.out:335
+msgid "--maxdays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 chage.1.xml.out:174 chage.1.xml.out:183
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335 passwd.1.xml.out:340 passwd.1.xml.out:345
+msgid "MAX_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:178 chage.1.xml.out:203 usermod.8.xml.out:481
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-W"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:172
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid. When <_:"
+"replaceable-1/> plus <_:replaceable-2/> is less than the current day, the "
+"user will be required to change their password before being able to use "
+"their account. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the "
+"<_:option-3/> option, which provides the user with advance warning."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:181 passwd.1.xml.out:343
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as <_:replaceable-2/> will remove "
+"checking a password's validity."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chfn.1.xml.out:130 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chsh.1.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:189 groupadd.8.xml.out:201 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142 groupmod.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104 newusers.8.xml.out:306 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197 pwconv.8.xml.out:178 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123 usermod.8.xml.out:328 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "-R"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chfn.1.xml.out:130 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chsh.1.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158 groupadd.8.xml.out:201 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142 groupmod.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104 newusers.8.xml.out:306 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197 pwconv.8.xml.out:178 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123 usermod.8.xml.out:328 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "--root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chage.1.xml.out:194 chage.1.xml.out:196
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:130 chfn.1.xml.out:134 chfn.1.xml.out:136
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:127 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:129
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chpasswd.8.xml.out:169 chpasswd.8.xml.out:171
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:84 chsh.1.xml.out:88 chsh.1.xml.out:90 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:161 faillog.8.xml.out:163 gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:162 gpasswd.1.xml.out:164 groupadd.8.xml.out:201
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:205 groupadd.8.xml.out:207 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:93 groupdel.8.xml.out:95 groupmems.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:146 groupmems.8.xml.out:148 groupmod.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:168 groupmod.8.xml.out:170 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:153 grpck.8.xml.out:155 lastlog.8.xml.out:104
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:108 lastlog.8.xml.out:110 newusers.8.xml.out:306
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:310 newusers.8.xml.out:312 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:282 passwd.1.xml.out:284 pwck.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:201 pwck.8.xml.out:203 pwconv.8.xml.out:178
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:182 pwconv.8.xml.out:184 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:493 useradd.8.xml.out:495 userdel.8.xml.out:123
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:127 userdel.8.xml.out:129 usermod.8.xml.out:328
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:332 usermod.8.xml.out:334 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:119 vipw.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "CHROOT_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:193 chfn.1.xml.out:133 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:126
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:168 chsh.1.xml.out:87 faillog.8.xml.out:160
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:161 groupadd.8.xml.out:204 groupdel.8.xml.out:92
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:145 groupmod.8.xml.out:167 grpck.8.xml.out:152
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:107 newusers.8.xml.out:309 passwd.1.xml.out:281
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:200 pwconv.8.xml.out:181 useradd.8.xml.out:492
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:126 usermod.8.xml.out:331 vipw.8.xml.out:118
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration "
+"files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. Only absolute paths are "
+"supported."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203 passwd.1.xml.out:322
+msgid "--warndays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203 chage.1.xml.out:208 passwd.1.xml.out:322
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:327
+msgid "WARN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:206
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. "
+#| "The <replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable> option is the number of days "
+#| "prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their "
+#| "password is about to expire."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The "
+"<_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password "
+"expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"Sätter antalet dagar för varning före ett lösenord behöver ändras. Flaggan "
+"<replaceable>VARN_DAGAR</replaceable> är antalet dagar före användaren "
+"varnas om att lösenordet är på väg att bli utgånget."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:220 chfn.1.xml.out:163 chsh.1.xml.out:112
+msgid "[ ]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:215
+msgid ""
+"If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of "
+"the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank "
+"to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> marks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:224 chsh.1.xml.out:117 groups.1.xml.out:65
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:170
+msgid "NOTE"
+msgstr "NOTERA"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:225
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chage</command> program requires a shadow password file to "
+#| "be available."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program requires a shadow password file to be available."
+msgstr ""
+"Programmet <command>chage</command> kräver att en skugglösenordsfil finns "
+"tillgänglig."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:229
+msgid ""
+"The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password "
+"file. This implies that configuration from other sources (e.g. LDAP or empty "
+"password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user's login will "
+"not be shown in the chage output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: chage.1.xml.out:238 grpck.8.xml.out:294 login.defs.5.xml.out:410
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:185 pwck.8.xml.out:40 pwck.8.xml.out:47 pwck.8.xml.out:53
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:71 pwck.8.xml.out:147 pwck.8.xml.out:159 pwck.8.xml.out:191
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:223 pwck.8.xml.out:284 pwconv.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:248 shadow.5.xml.out:274
+msgid "pwck"
+msgstr "pwck"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:235
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program will also not report any inconsistency between "
+"the shadow and passwd files (e.g. missing x in the passwd file). The <_:"
+"command-2/> can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:241
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is restricted to the root user, except for the <_:"
+"option-2/> option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine "
+"when their password or account is due to expire."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:249 chfn.1.xml.out:170 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:175
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:216 chsh.1.xml.out:131 gpasswd.1.xml.out:241
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:247 groupdel.8.xml.out:133 groupmems.8.xml.out:176
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:212 grpck.8.xml.out:196 lastlog.8.xml.out:182
+#: login.1.xml.out:270 newgrp.1.xml.out:85 newusers.8.xml.out:360
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:372 pwck.8.xml.out:240 pwconv.8.xml.out:204 sg.1.xml.out:74
+#: su.1.xml.out:314 useradd.8.xml.out:710 userdel.8.xml.out:165
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:536 vipw.8.xml.out:142
+msgid "CONFIGURATION"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:252 chfn.1.xml.out:68 chfn.1.xml.out:173 chfn.1.xml.out:187
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:155 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:205 chpasswd.8.xml.out:77 chpasswd.8.xml.out:134
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:200 chpasswd.8.xml.out:219 chpasswd.8.xml.out:247
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:134 chsh.1.xml.out:159 gpasswd.1.xml.out:244
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:129 groupadd.8.xml.out:239 groupadd.8.xml.out:250
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:276 groupdel.8.xml.out:136 groupmems.8.xml.out:179
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:109 groupmod.8.xml.out:204 groupmod.8.xml.out:215
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:239 grpck.8.xml.out:199 lastlog.8.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:273 login.1.xml.out:365 login.access.5.xml.out:100
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:116 login.defs.5.xml.out:515 newgrp.1.xml.out:88
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:340 newusers.8.xml.out:363 newusers.8.xml.out:423
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:375 passwd.1.xml.out:405 pwck.8.xml.out:243
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:148 pwconv.8.xml.out:207 pwconv.8.xml.out:215
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:230 sg.1.xml.out:77 su.1.xml.out:109 su.1.xml.out:219
+#: su.1.xml.out:277 su.1.xml.out:317 su.1.xml.out:357 useradd.8.xml.out:241
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:307 useradd.8.xml.out:378 useradd.8.xml.out:399
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:467 useradd.8.xml.out:474 useradd.8.xml.out:560
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:713 useradd.8.xml.out:797 userdel.8.xml.out:87
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:168 userdel.8.xml.out:191 userdel.8.xml.out:297
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:399 usermod.8.xml.out:539 usermod.8.xml.out:569
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "/etc/login.defs"
+msgstr "/etc/login.defs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:250 chfn.1.xml.out:171 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:176
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:217 chsh.1.xml.out:132 gpasswd.1.xml.out:242
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:248 groupdel.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:213 grpck.8.xml.out:197 lastlog.8.xml.out:183
+#: login.1.xml.out:271 newgrp.1.xml.out:86 newusers.8.xml.out:361
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:373 pwck.8.xml.out:241 sg.1.xml.out:75 su.1.xml.out:315
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:711 userdel.8.xml.out:166 usermod.8.xml.out:537
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:143
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior "
+"of this tool:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:261 chfn.1.xml.out:184 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:190
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:232 chsh.1.xml.out:144 expiry.1.xml.out:97
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:220 gpasswd.1.xml.out:256
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:261 groupdel.8.xml.out:145 groupmems.8.xml.out:188
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:224 groups.1.xml.out:77 grpck.8.xml.out:208
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:194 limits.5.xml.out:172
+#: login.1.xml.out:314 login.access.5.xml.out:97 logoutd.8.xml.out:65
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:97 newusers.8.xml.out:396 passwd.1.xml.out:390
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:139 porttime.5.xml.out:106 pwck.8.xml.out:258
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:227 shadow.3.xml.out:202 shadow.5.xml.out:231
+#: sg.1.xml.out:86 su.1.xml.out:342 suauth.5.xml.out:169 useradd.8.xml.out:740
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:182 usermod.8.xml.out:554 vipw.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "FILES"
+msgstr "FILER"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:265 chfn.1.xml.out:193 chpasswd.8.xml.out:235
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:147 expiry.1.xml.out:100 groupmod.8.xml.out:245
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:223 lastlog.8.xml.out:63 login.1.xml.out:145
+#: login.1.xml.out:329 newgrp.1.xml.out:65 newgrp.1.xml.out:70
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:100 newusers.8.xml.out:399 passwd.1.xml.out:393
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:47 passwd.5.xml.out:89 passwd.5.xml.out:142
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:73 pwck.8.xml.out:145 pwck.8.xml.out:212 pwck.8.xml.out:224
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:267 pwconv.8.xml.out:127 shadow.5.xml.out:234 sg.1.xml.out:89
+#: su.1.xml.out:185 su.1.xml.out:197 su.1.xml.out:345 useradd.8.xml.out:524
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:743 userdel.8.xml.out:197 usermod.8.xml.out:103
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:305 usermod.8.xml.out:362 usermod.8.xml.out:575
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:68 vipw.8.xml.out:187
+msgid "/etc/passwd"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:268 chfn.1.xml.out:195 chpasswd.8.xml.out:237
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:149 expiry.1.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:247
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:225 login.1.xml.out:331 newgrp.1.xml.out:102
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:401 passwd.1.xml.out:395 passwd.5.xml.out:144
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:269 shadow.5.xml.out:236 sg.1.xml.out:91 su.1.xml.out:347
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:745 userdel.8.xml.out:199 vipw.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "User account information."
+msgstr "Användarkontoinformation."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:273 chpasswd.8.xml.out:241 expiry.1.xml.out:106
+#: login.1.xml.out:335 newgrp.1.xml.out:68 newgrp.1.xml.out:106
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:295 newusers.8.xml.out:405 passwd.1.xml.out:399
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:82 passwd.5.xml.out:148 pwck.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:107 pwck.8.xml.out:213 pwck.8.xml.out:225 pwck.8.xml.out:273
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:128 pwconv.8.xml.out:149 shadow.3.xml.out:97
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:173 shadow.3.xml.out:205 shadow.5.xml.out:78
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:240 sg.1.xml.out:95 su.1.xml.out:351 useradd.8.xml.out:439
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:464 useradd.8.xml.out:749 userdel.8.xml.out:203
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:144 usermod.8.xml.out:145 usermod.8.xml.out:166
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:167 usermod.8.xml.out:306 usermod.8.xml.out:581
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:71 vipw.8.xml.out:193
+msgid "/etc/shadow"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:276 chpasswd.8.xml.out:243 expiry.1.xml.out:108
+#: login.1.xml.out:337 newgrp.1.xml.out:108 newusers.8.xml.out:407
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:401 pwck.8.xml.out:275 shadow.3.xml.out:207
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:242 sg.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:353 useradd.8.xml.out:751
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:205 vipw.8.xml.out:195
+msgid "Secure user account information."
+msgstr "Säker användarkontoinformation."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:283 groupadd.8.xml.out:298 groupdel.8.xml.out:163
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:254 grpck.8.xml.out:232 passwd.1.xml.out:420
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:282 su.1.xml.out:366 useradd.8.xml.out:806
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:230
+msgid "EXIT VALUES"
+msgstr "AVSLUTNINGSVÄRDEN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:290 groupadd.8.xml.out:305 groupdel.8.xml.out:170
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:239 passwd.1.xml.out:427 pwck.8.xml.out:289
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:813 userdel.8.xml.out:237
+msgid "success"
+msgstr "lyckad"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:296 passwd.1.xml.out:433
+msgid "permission denied"
+msgstr "åtkomst nekad"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#: chage.1.xml.out:300 groupadd.8.xml.out:309 groupdel.8.xml.out:174
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:265 groups.1.xml.out:95 groups.1.xml.out:98
+#: groups.1.xml.out:101 grpck.8.xml.out:249 limits.5.xml.out:90
+#: limits.5.xml.out:101 limits.5.xml.out:188 limits.5.xml.out:191
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:437 pwck.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:823
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:247
+msgid "2"
+msgstr "2"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:302 groupadd.8.xml.out:311 groupdel.8.xml.out:176
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:245 pwck.8.xml.out:295 useradd.8.xml.out:825
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:249
+msgid "invalid command syntax"
+msgstr "ogiltig kommandosyntax"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:306
+msgid "15"
+msgstr "15"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:308
+msgid "can't find the shadow password file"
+msgstr "kan inte hitta skugglösenordsfilen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:284 groupadd.8.xml.out:299 groupdel.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:255 grpck.8.xml.out:233 passwd.1.xml.out:421
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:283 useradd.8.xml.out:807 userdel.8.xml.out:231
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>pwck</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#| "<placeholder-1/>"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command exits with the following values: <_:"
+"variablelist-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Kommandot <command>pwck</command> avslutas med följande värden: "
+"<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:316 chfn.1.xml.out:202 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:214
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:262 chsh.1.xml.out:168 expiry.1.xml.out:115
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:232 gpasswd.1.xml.out:274
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:343 groupdel.8.xml.out:202 groupmems.8.xml.out:206
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:323 groups.1.xml.out:89 grpck.8.xml.out:277
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:150 limits.5.xml.out:182 login.1.xml.out:374
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:109 login.defs.5.xml.out:527 newgrp.1.xml.out:127
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:450 nologin.8.xml.out:57 passwd.1.xml.out:471
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:167 porttime.5.xml.out:118 pwck.8.xml.out:333
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:239 shadow.3.xml.out:214 shadow.5.xml.out:259
+#: sg.1.xml.out:116 su.1.xml.out:413 suauth.5.xml.out:198 useradd.8.xml.out:875
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:308 usermod.8.xml.out:602 vipw.8.xml.out:202
+msgid "SEE ALSO"
+msgstr "SE OCKSÅ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:319 chfn.1.xml.out:211 chpasswd.8.xml.out:265
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:177 expiry.1.xml.out:118 groupadd.8.xml.out:351
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:211 groupmems.8.xml.out:215 groupmod.8.xml.out:332
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:291 lastlog.8.xml.out:176 login.1.xml.out:128
+#: login.1.xml.out:380 login.1.xml.out:395 login.defs.5.xml.out:399
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:516 login.defs.5.xml.out:533 login.defs.5.xml.out:539
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:79 newusers.8.xml.out:456 passwd.1.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:47 passwd.1.xml.out:53 passwd.1.xml.out:66
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:69 passwd.1.xml.out:86 passwd.1.xml.out:116
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:152 passwd.1.xml.out:366 passwd.1.xml.out:413
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:422 passwd.1.xml.out:451 passwd.1.xml.out:457
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:477 passwd.5.xml.out:33 passwd.5.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:182 pwck.8.xml.out:228 pwck.8.xml.out:342
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:84 pwconv.8.xml.out:99 shadow.5.xml.out:268
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:271 useradd.8.xml.out:884 userdel.8.xml.out:316
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:611 vipw.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "passwd"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:319 chage.1.xml.out:322 chfn.1.xml.out:208
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:211 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:223 chpasswd.8.xml.out:272
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:174 chsh.1.xml.out:177 expiry.1.xml.out:118
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:121 faillog.5.xml.out:34 faillog.8.xml.out:238
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:292 gpasswd.1.xml.out:295 groupadd.8.xml.out:363
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:344 grpck.8.xml.out:267 grpck.8.xml.out:280
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:287 grpck.8.xml.out:291 grpck.8.xml.out:297
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:23 gshadow.5.xml.out:153 gshadow.5.xml.out:156
+#: limits.5.xml.out:36 login.1.xml.out:389 login.1.xml.out:392
+#: login.1.xml.out:395 login.1.xml.out:398 login.access.5.xml.out:35
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:103 login.defs.5.xml.out:539 login.defs.5.xml.out:542
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:145 newgrp.1.xml.out:148 newusers.8.xml.out:79
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:453 newusers.8.xml.out:460 newusers.8.xml.out:463
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:48 nologin.8.xml.out:63 passwd.1.xml.out:455
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:477 passwd.1.xml.out:480 passwd.1.xml.out:484
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:34 passwd.5.xml.out:80 passwd.5.xml.out:194
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:34 pwck.8.xml.out:317 pwck.8.xml.out:336
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:342 pwck.8.xml.out:345 pwconv.8.xml.out:245
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:220 shadow.5.xml.out:34 shadow.5.xml.out:271
+#: sg.1.xml.out:134 sg.1.xml.out:137 su.1.xml.out:418 suauth.5.xml.out:34
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:91 useradd.8.xml.out:205 useradd.8.xml.out:628
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:899 useradd.8.xml.out:906 useradd.8.xml.out:909
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:319 userdel.8.xml.out:335 userdel.8.xml.out:338
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:162 usermod.8.xml.out:629 usermod.8.xml.out:633
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:636 vipw.8.xml.out:208 vipw.8.xml.out:211
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:214 vipw.8.xml.out:217 vipw.8.xml.out:220 vipw.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "5"
+msgstr "5"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:322 expiry.1.xml.out:121 grpck.8.xml.out:51
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:190 grpck.8.xml.out:297 login.defs.5.xml.out:542
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:480 passwd.5.xml.out:79 passwd.5.xml.out:194
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:229 pwck.8.xml.out:233 pwck.8.xml.out:345 pwconv.8.xml.out:84
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:85 pwconv.8.xml.out:100 pwconv.8.xml.out:101
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:33 shadow.3.xml.out:40 shadow.3.xml.out:96
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:220 shadow.5.xml.out:33 shadow.5.xml.out:40
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:47 useradd.8.xml.out:205 useradd.8.xml.out:628
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:162 vipw.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "shadow"
+msgstr "shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:317 expiry.1.xml.out:116 faillog.8.xml.out:233
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:58 shadow.3.xml.out:215
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:36 chfn.1.xml.out:43 chfn.1.xml.out:49 chfn.1.xml.out:62
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:89 chfn.1.xml.out:159 chfn.1.xml.out:164 chsh.1.xml.out:171
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:345 groupdel.8.xml.out:205 groupmems.8.xml.out:209
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:326 login.defs.5.xml.out:239 useradd.8.xml.out:878
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:310 usermod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:605
+msgid "chfn"
+msgstr "chfn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:44
+msgid "change real user name and information"
+msgstr "ändra verkligt användarnamn och information"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:65 passwd.5.xml.out:117
+msgid "finger"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:71 chfn.1.xml.out:110 groupadd.8.xml.out:106
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:145 groupadd.8.xml.out:323 groupmod.8.xml.out:93
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:405 useradd.8.xml.out:536
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:837 usermod.8.xml.out:271 usermod.8.xml.out:377
+msgid "-o"
+msgstr "-o"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes user fullname, office room number, office "
+"phone number, and home phone number information for a user's account. This "
+"information is typically printed by <_:citerefentry-2/> and similar "
+"programs. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, "
+"subject to the restrictions in <_:filename-3/>. (The default configuration "
+"is to prevent users from changing their fullname.) The superuser may change "
+"any field for any account. Additionally, only the superuser may use the <_:"
+"option-4/> option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:77 chfn.1.xml.out:80
+msgid "other"
+msgstr "övrigt"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"These fields must not contain any colons. Except for the <_:emphasis-1/> "
+"field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign. It is also "
+"recommended to avoid non-US-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for "
+"the phone numbers. The <_:emphasis-2/> field is used to store accounting "
+"information used by other applications."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94 expiry.1.xml.out:61 expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:88 groupdel.8.xml.out:72 login.1.xml.out:90
+#: login.1.xml.out:190 login.1.xml.out:229 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622 userdel.8.xml.out:76 userdel.8.xml.out:287
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:302 usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "-f"
+msgstr "-f"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "full_name"
+msgid "--full-name"
+msgstr "fullständigt_namn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+msgid "FULL_NAME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:97
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Changing the default values"
+msgid "Change the user's full name."
+msgstr "Ändrar standardvärden"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "home_ph"
+msgid "--home-phone"
+msgstr "hemtelefon"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+msgid "HOME_PHONE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "Change the user's home phone number."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "other"
+msgid "--other"
+msgstr "övrigt"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "OTHER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:113
+msgid ""
+"Change the user's other GECOS information. This field is used to store "
+"accounting information used by other applications, and can be changed only "
+"by a superuser."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122 faillog.8.xml.out:89 faillog.8.xml.out:144
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:186 faillog.8.xml.out:203 gpasswd.1.xml.out:173
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:112 groupadd.8.xml.out:185 grpck.8.xml.out:124
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 login.1.xml.out:220 login.1.xml.out:229
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:287 passwd.1.xml.out:268 pwck.8.xml.out:155
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188 useradd.8.xml.out:224 useradd.8.xml.out:456
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:542 userdel.8.xml.out:106 usermod.8.xml.out:317
+msgid "-r"
+msgstr "-r"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "room_no"
+msgid "--room"
+msgstr "rumsnummer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+msgid "ROOM_NUMBER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:125
+msgid "Change the user's room number."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:143 faillog.8.xml.out:80 faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:214 lastlog.8.xml.out:90 lastlog.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 passwd.1.xml.out:309 useradd.8.xml.out:414
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:279 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-u"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151 passwd.1.xml.out:322 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-w"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "work_ph"
+msgid "--work-phone"
+msgstr "arbetstelefon"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+msgid "WORK_PHONE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:154
+msgid "Change the user's office phone number."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of "
+"the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank "
+"to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> marks. Without options, <_:command-3/> prompts for the "
+"current user account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:189 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:207 chpasswd.8.xml.out:249
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:161 groupadd.8.xml.out:278 groupmod.8.xml.out:241
+#: login.1.xml.out:367 login.access.5.xml.out:102 newusers.8.xml.out:425
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:407 pwconv.8.xml.out:232 su.1.xml.out:359
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:799 userdel.8.xml.out:193
+msgid "Shadow password suite configuration."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:205 chsh.1.xml.out:36 chsh.1.xml.out:43 chsh.1.xml.out:49
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:62 chsh.1.xml.out:73 chsh.1.xml.out:109
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:348 groupdel.8.xml.out:208 groupmems.8.xml.out:212
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:329 login.defs.5.xml.out:270 useradd.8.xml.out:881
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:313 usermod.8.xml.out:608
+msgid "chsh"
+msgstr "chsh"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:208 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:223 chpasswd.8.xml.out:272
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:174 groupadd.8.xml.out:194 groupadd.8.xml.out:363
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:344 login.1.xml.out:389 login.defs.5.xml.out:102
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:109 newusers.8.xml.out:298 newusers.8.xml.out:453
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:484 pwconv.8.xml.out:92 pwconv.8.xml.out:94
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:108 pwconv.8.xml.out:245 su.1.xml.out:418
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:899 userdel.8.xml.out:117 userdel.8.xml.out:319
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:629 vipw.8.xml.out:214
+msgid "login.defs"
+msgstr "login.defs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:203 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:215 chsh.1.xml.out:169
+#: limits.5.xml.out:183
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Creation, 2006"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:33 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:40 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:46
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:56 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:66 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:83
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:249
+msgid "chgpasswd"
+msgstr "chgpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:34 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:220 chpasswd.8.xml.out:38
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:268 chpasswd.8.xml.out:276 faillog.5.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:34 gpasswd.1.xml.out:280 gpasswd.1.xml.out:283
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:286 gpasswd.1.xml.out:289 groupadd.8.xml.out:37
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:354 groupadd.8.xml.out:357 groupadd.8.xml.out:360
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:366 groupadd.8.xml.out:369 groupadd.8.xml.out:372
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:35 groupdel.8.xml.out:186 groupdel.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:217 groupdel.8.xml.out:220 groupdel.8.xml.out:223
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:226 groupdel.8.xml.out:229 groupmems.8.xml.out:38
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:218 groupmems.8.xml.out:221 groupmems.8.xml.out:224
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:227 groupmems.8.xml.out:230 groupmod.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:335 groupmod.8.xml.out:338 groupmod.8.xml.out:341
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:347 groupmod.8.xml.out:350 groupmod.8.xml.out:353
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:34 grpck.8.xml.out:283 grpck.8.xml.out:294
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:159 gshadow.5.xml.out:162 lastlog.8.xml.out:36
+#: login.1.xml.out:174 login.1.xml.out:176 login.1.xml.out:249
+#: login.1.xml.out:251 login.1.xml.out:401 login.defs.5.xml.out:545
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:34 newusers.8.xml.out:50 newusers.8.xml.out:467
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:23 passwd.1.xml.out:474 passwd.1.xml.out:488
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:185 passwd.5.xml.out:188 passwd.5.xml.out:191
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:200 pwck.8.xml.out:41 pwck.8.xml.out:339 pwck.8.xml.out:348
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:40 pwconv.8.xml.out:242 pwconv.8.xml.out:248
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:251 pwconv.8.xml.out:254 shadow.5.xml.out:274
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:277 shadow.5.xml.out:280 shadow.5.xml.out:286
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:192 useradd.8.xml.out:53 useradd.8.xml.out:574
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:890 useradd.8.xml.out:893 useradd.8.xml.out:896
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:902 useradd.8.xml.out:913 useradd.8.xml.out:916
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:40 userdel.8.xml.out:259 userdel.8.xml.out:322
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:325 userdel.8.xml.out:328 userdel.8.xml.out:331
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:342 userdel.8.xml.out:345 usermod.8.xml.out:41
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:617 usermod.8.xml.out:620 usermod.8.xml.out:623
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:626 usermod.8.xml.out:640 usermod.8.xml.out:643
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:36
+msgid "8"
+msgstr "8"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:35 chpasswd.8.xml.out:39 faillog.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:38 groupdel.8.xml.out:36 groupmems.8.xml.out:39
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:36 grpck.8.xml.out:35 lastlog.8.xml.out:37
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:35 newusers.8.xml.out:51 nologin.8.xml.out:24
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:42 pwconv.8.xml.out:41 useradd.8.xml.out:54
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:41 usermod.8.xml.out:42 vipw.8.xml.out:37
+msgid "System Management Commands"
+msgstr "Systemhanteringskommandon"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "update group passwords in batch mode"
+msgstr "uppdatera grupplösenord i satsläge"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:55
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of group name and password pairs "
+"from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing "
+"groups. Each line is of the format:"
+msgstr ""
+"<command>chgpasswd</command> läser en lista på gruppnamn och lösenordspar "
+"från standard in och använder denna information för att uppdatera en "
+"uppsättning redan existerande grupper. Varje rad är i formatet:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:61 groupmems.8.xml.out:54 groupmems.8.xml.out:110
+msgid "group_name"
+msgstr "gruppnamn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:62 chpasswd.8.xml.out:66 passwd.5.xml.out:77
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:86 passwd.5.xml.out:91 passwd.5.xml.out:95
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:98
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "password"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:60 chpasswd.8.xml.out:64
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:64
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted by "
+"<_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Som standard måste det insända lösenordet vara i klartext. "
+"Standardkrypteringsalgoritmen är DES."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chpasswd.8.xml.out:75 chpasswd.8.xml.out:132
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:129
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:71 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101 chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:130 chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:180 useradd.8.xml.out:179 useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-e"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: arg/arg
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:72 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:114 chpasswd.8.xml.out:129
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:73 newusers.8.xml.out:268
+#: sg.1.xml.out:50 su.1.xml.out:86 su.1.xml.out:126 su.1.xml.out:131
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "-c"
+msgstr "-c"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:68
+msgid ""
+"The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:"
+"option-1/> variable of <_:filename-2/>, and can be overwritten with the <_:"
+"option-3/>, <_:option-4/>, or <_:option-5/> options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:74 chpasswd.8.xml.out:99
+msgid ""
+"This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many "
+"accounts are created at a single time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chpasswd.8.xml.out:114 newusers.8.xml.out:268
+msgid "--crypt-method"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:90 chpasswd.8.xml.out:117 newusers.8.xml.out:270
+msgid "Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:91 chpasswd.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "The available methods are DES, MD5, and NONE."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:94 chpasswd.8.xml.out:121 newusers.8.xml.out:271
+msgid ""
+"The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc "
+"support these methods."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101 chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "encrypted password"
+msgid "--encrypted"
+msgstr "krypterat lösenord"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:103 chpasswd.8.xml.out:141
+msgid "Supplied passwords are in encrypted form."
+msgstr "Insända lösenord är i ett krypterat format."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+msgid "--md5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:115 chpasswd.8.xml.out:157
+msgid ""
+"Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are not "
+"encrypted."
+msgstr ""
+"Använd MD5-kryptering istället för DES när insända lösenord inte är "
+"krypterade."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135 chpasswd.8.xml.out:178 chsh.1.xml.out:97
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:108 grpck.8.xml.out:124 grpck.8.xml.out:161
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320 pwck.8.xml.out:155 pwck.8.xml.out:209
+#: su.1.xml.out:163 useradd.8.xml.out:517 useradd.8.xml.out:655
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357 vipw.8.xml.out:70 vipw.8.xml.out:127
+msgid "-s"
+msgstr "-s"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135 chpasswd.8.xml.out:178 newusers.8.xml.out:320
+msgid "--sha-rounds"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:137 chpasswd.8.xml.out:181 newusers.8.xml.out:322
+msgid "Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:140 chpasswd.8.xml.out:184 newusers.8.xml.out:325
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number of rounds "
+"for the crypt method (5000)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:144 chpasswd.8.xml.out:188 newusers.8.xml.out:329
+msgid ""
+"A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:148 chpasswd.8.xml.out:192 newusers.8.xml.out:333
+msgid "You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt method."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:152 newusers.8.xml.out:337
+msgid ""
+"By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and "
+"SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:163 chpasswd.8.xml.out:208 faillog.8.xml.out:209
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:229 groupadd.8.xml.out:285 groupdel.8.xml.out:121
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:206 login.1.xml.out:236 newusers.8.xml.out:348
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:354 shadow.3.xml.out:194 su.1.xml.out:306
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:682 userdel.8.xml.out:281 usermod.8.xml.out:517
+msgid "CAVEATS"
+msgstr "TÄNK PÅ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:164 chpasswd.8.xml.out:209
+msgid ""
+"Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of unencrypted "
+"files by other users."
+msgstr ""
+"Kom ihåg att ställa in rättigheter eller umask för att förhindra läsning av "
+"okrypterade filer för andra användare."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:168 newusers.8.xml.out:353
+msgid ""
+"You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect the "
+"system's password policy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:193 gpasswd.1.xml.out:48 gpasswd.1.xml.out:51
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:73 gpasswd.1.xml.out:231 gpasswd.1.xml.out:259
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:170 groupadd.8.xml.out:264 groupdel.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:191 groupmod.8.xml.out:227 groups.1.xml.out:58
+#: groups.1.xml.out:70 groups.1.xml.out:80 grpck.8.xml.out:62
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:81 grpck.8.xml.out:94 grpck.8.xml.out:112
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:177 grpck.8.xml.out:185
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:211 gshadow.5.xml.out:91 gshadow.5.xml.out:124
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:135 newgrp.1.xml.out:80 newgrp.1.xml.out:112
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:411 pwck.8.xml.out:261 pwconv.8.xml.out:128
+#: sg.1.xml.out:101 suauth.5.xml.out:90 useradd.8.xml.out:755
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:185 usermod.8.xml.out:557 vipw.8.xml.out:69
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:175
+msgid "/etc/group"
+msgstr "/etc/group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:195 gpasswd.1.xml.out:261 groupadd.8.xml.out:266
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:150 groupmems.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:229
+#: groups.1.xml.out:82 grpck.8.xml.out:213 gshadow.5.xml.out:137
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:114 newusers.8.xml.out:413 pwck.8.xml.out:263
+#: sg.1.xml.out:103 useradd.8.xml.out:757 userdel.8.xml.out:187
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "Group account information."
+msgstr "Gruppkontoinformation."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:199 gpasswd.1.xml.out:52 gpasswd.1.xml.out:74
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:232 gpasswd.1.xml.out:265 groupadd.8.xml.out:170
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:270 groupdel.8.xml.out:154 groupmems.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:88 groupmems.8.xml.out:98 groupmems.8.xml.out:103
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:104 groupmems.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:135
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:197 groupmod.8.xml.out:233 grpck.8.xml.out:63
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:93 grpck.8.xml.out:114 grpck.8.xml.out:166
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:186 grpck.8.xml.out:217 gshadow.5.xml.out:36
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:141 newgrp.1.xml.out:78 newgrp.1.xml.out:118
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:417 pwconv.8.xml.out:129 sg.1.xml.out:107
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:761 usermod.8.xml.out:563 vipw.8.xml.out:72
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:181
+msgid "/etc/gshadow"
+msgstr "/etc/gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:201 gpasswd.1.xml.out:267 groupadd.8.xml.out:272
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:156 groupmod.8.xml.out:235 grpck.8.xml.out:219
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:143 newgrp.1.xml.out:120 newusers.8.xml.out:419
+#: sg.1.xml.out:109 useradd.8.xml.out:763 vipw.8.xml.out:183
+msgid "Secure group account information."
+msgstr "Säker gruppkontoinformation."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:217 gpasswd.1.xml.out:38 gpasswd.1.xml.out:45
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:59 gpasswd.1.xml.out:72 gpasswd.1.xml.out:85
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:119 groupadd.8.xml.out:354 groupdel.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:335 gshadow.5.xml.out:153 login.defs.5.xml.out:280
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:142 sg.1.xml.out:131 userdel.8.xml.out:322
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:617
+msgid "gpasswd"
+msgstr "gpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:220 gpasswd.1.xml.out:280 groupadd.8.xml.out:36
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:43 groupadd.8.xml.out:49 groupadd.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:82 groupadd.8.xml.out:292 groupadd.8.xml.out:300
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:217 groupmems.8.xml.out:218 groupmod.8.xml.out:338
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:290 useradd.8.xml.out:890 userdel.8.xml.out:325
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:620
+msgid "groupadd"
+msgstr "groupadd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:21 groupadd.8.xml.out:20 groupdel.8.xml.out:18
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:18 groups.1.xml.out:17 login.defs.5.xml.out:86
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:17 newgrp.1.xml.out:18 newusers.8.xml.out:33
+#: sg.1.xml.out:18 useradd.8.xml.out:36 userdel.8.xml.out:23
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "Creation, 1991"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:37 chpasswd.8.xml.out:44 chpasswd.8.xml.out:50
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:60 chpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chpasswd.8.xml.out:89
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:96 chpasswd.8.xml.out:108 chpasswd.8.xml.out:255
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:259 passwd.1.xml.out:474
+msgid "chpasswd"
+msgstr "chpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:45
+msgid "update passwords in batch mode"
+msgstr "uppdatera lösenord i satsläge"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of user name and password pairs from "
+"standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing "
+"users. Each line is of the format:"
+msgstr ""
+"<command>chgpasswd</command> läser en lista på gruppnamn och lösenordspar "
+"från standard in och använder denna information för att uppdatera en "
+"uppsättning redan existerande grupper. Varje rad är i formatet:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:52 groupmems.8.xml.out:53
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "user_name"
+msgstr "användarnamn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:68
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are encrypted "
+"by <_:command-1/>. Also the password age will be updated, if present."
+msgstr ""
+"Som standard måste det insända lösenordet vara i klartext. "
+"Standardkrypteringsalgoritmen är DES."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:76 chpasswd.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:73
+msgid ""
+"The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:"
+"option-1/> or <_:option-2/> variables of <_:filename-3/>, and can be "
+"overwritten with the <_:option-4/>, <_:option-5/>, or <_:option-6/> options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:81
+msgid ""
+"By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not recommended) "
+"you can select a different encryption method with the <_:option-1/>, <_:"
+"option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:88
+msgid "Except when PAM is used to encrypt the passwords,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:87
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> <_:command-2/> first updates all the passwords in memory, and "
+"then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:93
+msgid ""
+"When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in the "
+"system database) then if a password cannot be updated <_:command-1/> "
+"continues updating the passwords of the next users, and will return an error "
+"code on exit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "METHOD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:128
+msgid ""
+"By default (if none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> "
+"options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the <_:option-4/"
+"> or <_:option-5/> variables of <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+msgid "ROUNDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:198
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:196
+msgid ""
+"By default, the number of rounds is defined by the <_:option-1/> and <_:"
+"option-2/> variables in <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:253
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/passwd"
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/chpasswd"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:255 newusers.8.xml.out:431 passwd.1.xml.out:413
+msgid "PAM configuration for <_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:268 login.defs.5.xml.out:380 newusers.8.xml.out:49
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:56 newusers.8.xml.out:62 newusers.8.xml.out:75
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:96 newusers.8.xml.out:123 newusers.8.xml.out:132
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:151 newusers.8.xml.out:164 newusers.8.xml.out:170
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:172 newusers.8.xml.out:210 newusers.8.xml.out:230
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:252 newusers.8.xml.out:431 useradd.8.xml.out:902
+msgid "newusers"
+msgstr "newusers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:270 grpck.8.xml.out:285 passwd.1.xml.out:482
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:276 groupadd.8.xml.out:366 groupdel.8.xml.out:223
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:224 groupmod.8.xml.out:347 login.defs.5.xml.out:462
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:467 useradd.8.xml.out:52 useradd.8.xml.out:59
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:64 useradd.8.xml.out:71 useradd.8.xml.out:75
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:87 useradd.8.xml.out:90 useradd.8.xml.out:103
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:129 useradd.8.xml.out:187 useradd.8.xml.out:209
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:239 useradd.8.xml.out:284 useradd.8.xml.out:341
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:472 useradd.8.xml.out:584 useradd.8.xml.out:586
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:690 useradd.8.xml.out:808 userdel.8.xml.out:342
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:640
+msgid "useradd"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:263 newusers.8.xml.out:451
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:44
+msgid "change login shell"
+msgstr "ändra inloggningsskal"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes the user login shell. This determines the "
+"name of the user's initial login command. A normal user may only change the "
+"login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell "
+"for any account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:163 su.1.xml.out:199 useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:655 usermod.8.xml.out:357
+msgid "--shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:163 useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:522 useradd.8.xml.out:655 useradd.8.xml.out:662
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357
+msgid "SHELL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank causes "
+"the system to select the default login shell."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:107
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:option-1/> option is not selected, <_:command-2/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell. Enter "
+"the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the "
+"current one. The current shell is displayed between a pair of <_:emphasis-3/"
+"> marks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:120 chsh.1.xml.out:124 chsh.1.xml.out:153 su.1.xml.out:198
+msgid "/etc/shells"
+msgstr "/etc/shells"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "/bin/rsh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:118
+msgid ""
+"The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must "
+"be listed in <_:filename-1/>, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then "
+"any value may be added. An account with a restricted login shell may not "
+"change her login shell. For this reason, placing <_:filename-2/> in <_:"
+"filename-3/> is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted "
+"shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its "
+"original value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:155
+msgid "List of valid login shells."
+msgstr "Lista på giltiga inloggningsskal."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:37 expiry.1.xml.out:44 expiry.1.xml.out:50
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:69
+msgid "expiry"
+msgstr "expiry"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:45
+msgid "check and enforce password expiration policy"
+msgstr "kontrollera och upprätthåll policy för lösenordsutgång"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:52 gpasswd.1.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "flaggor"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:59
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command checks (<_:option-2/>) the current password "
+"expiration and forces (<_:option-3/>) changes when required. It is callable "
+"as a normal user command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:73
+msgid "--check"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "check and enforce password expiration policy"
+msgid "Check the password expiration of the current user."
+msgstr "kontrollera och upprätthåll policy för lösenordsutgång"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:79 groupadd.8.xml.out:88 groupdel.8.xml.out:72
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "--force"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:81
+msgid "Force a password change if the current user has an expired password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:17 faillog.8.xml.out:17 login.1.xml.out:50
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:24 passwd.5.xml.out:17 porttime.5.xml.out:17
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:17 shadow.5.xml.out:17 su.1.xml.out:34
+msgid "Creation, 1989"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:33 faillog.5.xml.out:40 faillog.5.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:33 faillog.8.xml.out:40 faillog.8.xml.out:46
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:56 faillog.8.xml.out:59 faillog.8.xml.out:67
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:76 faillog.8.xml.out:203 faillog.8.xml.out:211
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:238
+msgid "faillog"
+msgstr "faillog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:35 gshadow.5.xml.out:24 limits.5.xml.out:37
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:36 login.defs.5.xml.out:104 passwd.5.xml.out:35
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:35 shadow.5.xml.out:35 suauth.5.xml.out:35
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "File Formats and Conversions"
+msgid "File Formats and Configuration Files"
+msgstr "Filformat och konversioner"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "login failure logging file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:47 faillog.5.xml.out:75 faillog.8.xml.out:57
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:113 faillog.8.xml.out:138 faillog.8.xml.out:150
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "/var/log/faillog"
+msgstr "/var/log/faillog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:46
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:50
+msgid ""
+"The file contains fixed length records, indexed by numerical UID. Each "
+"record contains the count of login failures since the last successful login; "
+"the maximum number of failures before the account is disabled; the line on "
+"which the last login failure occurred; the date of the last login failure; "
+"and the duration (in seconds) during which the account will be locked after "
+"a failure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "The structure of the file is:"
+msgstr "Strukturen för filen är:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "struct\tfaillog {\n"
+#| "\tshort   fail_cnt;\n"
+#| "\tshort   fail_max;\n"
+#| "\tchar    fail_line[12];\n"
+#| "\ttime_t  fail_time;\n"
+#| "\tlong    fail_locktime;\n"
+#| "};"
+msgid ""
+"struct faillog { short fail_cnt; short fail_max; char fail_line[12]; time_t "
+"fail_time; long fail_locktime; };"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"struct\tfaillog {\n"
+"\tshort   fail_cnt;\n"
+"\tshort   fail_max;\n"
+"\tchar    fail_line[12];\n"
+"\ttime_t  fail_time;\n"
+"\tlong    fail_locktime;\n"
+"};"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:77 faillog.8.xml.out:225
+msgid "Failure logging file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "display faillog records or set login failure limits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:55
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> displays the contents of the failure log database (<_:"
+"filename-2/>). It can also set the failure counters and limits. When <_:"
+"command-3/> is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records "
+"of the users who had a login failure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:215 gpasswd.1.xml.out:124
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmod.8.xml.out:73 passwd.1.xml.out:157
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:78 usermod.8.xml.out:210
+msgid "-a"
+msgstr "-a"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72 passwd.1.xml.out:157
+msgid "--all"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:74
+msgid ""
+"Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the <_:"
+"filename-1/> database."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:78
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+msgid "The range of users can be restricted with the <_:option-1/> option."
+msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:82
+msgid ""
+"In display mode, this is still restricted to existing users but forces the "
+"display of the faillog entries even if they are empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:89 faillog.8.xml.out:169 lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-t"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:87
+msgid ""
+"With the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:option-4/> options, "
+"the users' records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the "
+"system. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or "
+"to set a policy in advance for a range of users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105
+msgid "--lock-secs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105 faillog.8.xml.out:109
+msgid "SEC"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:108
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Lock account to <replaceable>SEC</replaceable> seconds after failed login."
+msgid "Lock account for <_:replaceable-1/> seconds after failed login."
+msgstr ""
+"Lås kontot <replaceable>SEK</replaceable> sekunder efter misslyckad "
+"inloggning."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:112 faillog.8.xml.out:137 faillog.8.xml.out:149
+msgid "Write access to <_:filename-1/> is required for this option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "--maximum"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120 faillog.8.xml.out:125 faillog.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:123
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>, the password is required to be "
+#| "changed."
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Sätter maximalt antal dagar som ett lösenord ska vara giltigt. Efter "
+"<replaceable>MAX_DAGAR</replaceable> krävs det att lösenordet ändras."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:127
+msgid ""
+"Selecting a <_:replaceable-1/> value of 0 has the effect of not placing a "
+"limit on the number of failed logins."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:160 porttime.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"The maximum failure count should always be 0 for <_:emphasis-1/> to prevent "
+"a denial of services attack against the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144
+msgid "--reset"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "Reset the counters of login failures."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+msgid "--time"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 faillog.8.xml.out:174 lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:79 lastlog.8.xml.out:128 lastlog.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "Display faillog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180 lastlog.8.xml.out:90 lastlog.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "--user"
+msgstr "användare"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180 faillog.8.xml.out:190 faillog.8.xml.out:191
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 lastlog.8.xml.out:147 lastlog.8.xml.out:148
+msgid "RANGE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:179 lastlog.8.xml.out:138
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>|<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used "
+"with <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/> options) only for the "
+"specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:193 lastlog.8.xml.out:149
+msgid "UID_MIN-UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:194 lastlog.8.xml.out:150
+msgid "-UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:195 lastlog.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "UID_MIN-"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:188 lastlog.8.xml.out:145
+msgid ""
+"The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a <_:"
+"replaceable-1/> of users. This <_:replaceable-2/> of users can be specified "
+"with a min and max values (<_:replaceable-3/>), a max value (<_:"
+"replaceable-4/>), or a min value (<_:replaceable-5/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:201
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> and <option>-f</option> "
+#| "options are only used when <command>login</command> is invoked by root."
+msgid ""
+"When none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options are "
+"used, <_:command-4/> displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+"Flaggorna <option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> och <option>-f</option> "
+"används endast när <command>login</command> har startats av root."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:210
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> only prints out users with no successful login since the last "
+"failure. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last "
+"failure, you must explicitly request the user with the <_:option-2/> flag, "
+"or print out all users with the <_:option-3/> flag."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:235 limits.5.xml.out:125 limits.5.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:66 login.1.xml.out:73 login.1.xml.out:79 login.1.xml.out:87
+#: login.1.xml.out:94 login.1.xml.out:103 login.1.xml.out:106
+#: login.1.xml.out:108 login.1.xml.out:112 login.1.xml.out:119
+#: login.1.xml.out:171 login.1.xml.out:177 login.1.xml.out:230
+#: login.1.xml.out:238 login.1.xml.out:247 login.1.xml.out:253
+#: login.1.xml.out:259 login.access.5.xml.out:112 login.defs.5.xml.out:343
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:518 login.defs.5.xml.out:530 newgrp.1.xml.out:133
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:60 passwd.5.xml.out:125 passwd.5.xml.out:132
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:179 porttime.5.xml.out:121 shadow.5.xml.out:265
+#: sg.1.xml.out:122 su.1.xml.out:415
+msgid "login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:20
+msgid "Rafal"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:21
+msgid "Maszkowski"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:22 login.access.5.xml.out:18 pwconv.8.xml.out:23
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Creation, 1996"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:47
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-r <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "administer <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr "-r <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:50
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "administer <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>"
+msgstr "-K <placeholder-1/>=<placeholder-2/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:64 gpasswd.1.xml.out:89 gpasswd.1.xml.out:129
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:142 gpasswd.1.xml.out:177 gpasswd.1.xml.out:181
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:193 gpasswd.1.xml.out:197 gpasswd.1.xml.out:292
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:49 grpck.8.xml.out:188 grpck.8.xml.out:280
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:156 limits.5.xml.out:138 newgrp.1.xml.out:48
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:145 pwck.8.xml.out:336 pwconv.8.xml.out:114
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:120 sg.1.xml.out:134 vipw.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "group"
+msgstr "grupp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:73
+msgid ", and <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:76
+msgid "administrators,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:71
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to administer <_:filename-2/><_:phrase-3/"
+">. Every group can have <_:phrase-4/> members and a password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:80 gpasswd.1.xml.out:112 gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-A"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:79
+msgid ""
+"System administrators can use the <_:option-1/> option to define group "
+"administrator(s) and the <_:option-2/> option to define members. They have "
+"all rights of group administrators and members."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:86
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "comma-separated list of group administrators"
+msgid "a group administrator"
+msgstr "kommaseparerad lista med gruppadministratörer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:87
+msgid "a system administrator"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:84
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> called by <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> with a group name only "
+"prompts for the new password of the <_:replaceable-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:93 gpasswd.1.xml.out:180 gpasswd.1.xml.out:196
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:277 groups.1.xml.out:71 groups.1.xml.out:92
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:76 gshadow.5.xml.out:165 newgrp.1.xml.out:34
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:41 newgrp.1.xml.out:47 newgrp.1.xml.out:55
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:63 newgrp.1.xml.out:66 sg.1.xml.out:60 sg.1.xml.out:64
+#: sg.1.xml.out:65 sg.1.xml.out:66 sg.1.xml.out:125
+msgid "newgrp"
+msgstr "newgrp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:91
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"If a password is set the members can still use <_:citerefentry-1/> without a "
+"password, and non-members must supply the password."
+msgstr ""
+"Referera till <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> för detaljer om hur "
+"denna sträng tolkas."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:99
+msgid "Notes about group passwords"
+msgstr "Noteringar angående grupplösenord"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"Group passwords are an inherent security problem since more than one person "
+"is permitted to know the password. However, groups are a useful tool for "
+"permitting co-operation between different users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:111
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Except for the <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options, the options cannot "
+"be combined."
+msgstr ""
+"Flaggorna <option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> och <option>-f</option> "
+"används endast när <command>login</command> har startats av root."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:115
+msgid "The options cannot be combined."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124 groupmems.8.xml.out:83
+msgid "--add"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124 gpasswd.1.xml.out:128 gpasswd.1.xml.out:137
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:141 gpasswd.1.xml.out:205 gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+#: groups.1.xml.out:48 groups.1.xml.out:59
+msgid "user"
+msgstr "användare"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:127
+msgid "Add the <_:replaceable-1/> to the named <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:137 groupmems.8.xml.out:94 passwd.1.xml.out:168
+msgid "--delete"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:140
+msgid "Remove the <_:replaceable-1/> from the named <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-Q"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:173
+msgid "--remove-password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:176
+msgid ""
+"Remove the password from the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password "
+"will be empty. Only group members will be allowed to use <_:command-2/> to "
+"join the named <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:189
+msgid "--restrict"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:192
+msgid ""
+"Restrict the access to the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password is "
+"set to \"!\". Only group members with a password will be allowed to use <_:"
+"command-2/> to join the named <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+msgid "--administrators"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:204 gpasswd.1.xml.out:216
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>,..."
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:208
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Set the list of administrative users."
+msgstr "kommaseparerad lista med gruppadministratörer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+msgid "--members"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:220
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Set the list of group members."
+msgstr "kommaseparerad lista med gruppmedlemmar"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:232
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files."
+msgstr "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:234
+msgid "file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:230
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"This tool only operates on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> "
+"Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+"Du får inte lägga till en användare till en NIS-grupp. Detta måste "
+"genomföras på NIS-servern."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:283 groupadd.8.xml.out:357 groupdel.8.xml.out:34
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:41 groupdel.8.xml.out:47 groupdel.8.xml.out:57
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:66 groupdel.8.xml.out:165 groupmems.8.xml.out:221
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:341 login.defs.5.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:893
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:328 usermod.8.xml.out:623
+msgid "groupdel"
+msgstr "groupdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:286 groupadd.8.xml.out:360 groupdel.8.xml.out:220
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:34 groupmod.8.xml.out:41 groupmod.8.xml.out:47
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:58 groupmod.8.xml.out:67 groupmod.8.xml.out:256
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:107 grpck.8.xml.out:283 login.defs.5.xml.out:311
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:896 userdel.8.xml.out:331 usermod.8.xml.out:626
+msgid "groupmod"
+msgstr "groupmod"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:289 grpck.8.xml.out:33 grpck.8.xml.out:40
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:46 grpck.8.xml.out:60 grpck.8.xml.out:116
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:128 grpck.8.xml.out:141 grpck.8.xml.out:184
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:234 gshadow.5.xml.out:159 login.defs.5.xml.out:318
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:339 pwconv.8.xml.out:198 pwconv.8.xml.out:242
+msgid "grpck"
+msgstr "grpck"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:295 grpck.8.xml.out:95 grpck.8.xml.out:287
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:22 gshadow.5.xml.out:29 newgrp.1.xml.out:148
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:114 pwconv.8.xml.out:115 pwconv.8.xml.out:121
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:122 sg.1.xml.out:137 vipw.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "gshadow"
+msgstr "gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:293 newgrp.1.xml.out:146 sg.1.xml.out:135
+msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:275 newgrp.1.xml.out:128 sg.1.xml.out:117
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/><_:phrase-7/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:44
+msgid "create a new group"
+msgstr "skapa en ny grupp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:54 groupadd.8.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "NEWGROUP"
+msgstr "GRUPP"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates a new group account using the values "
+"specified on the command line plus the default values from the system. The "
+"new group will be entered into the system files as needed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:66
+msgid ""
+"Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, "
+"underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not "
+"allowed at the beginning of the groupname. Fully numeric groupnames and "
+"groupnames . or .. are also disallowed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:94 groupadd.8.xml.out:95 groupadd.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:236 groupmems.8.xml.out:110 groupmod.8.xml.out:82
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:136 groupmod.8.xml.out:201 useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230 useradd.8.xml.out:264 useradd.8.xml.out:391
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:396 useradd.8.xml.out:557 useradd.8.xml.out:639
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:174 vipw.8.xml.out:90
+msgid "-g"
+msgstr "-g"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:91
+msgid ""
+"This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the "
+"specified group already exists. When used with <_:option-1/>, and the "
+"specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. <_:"
+"option-2/> is turned off)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:82 useradd.8.xml.out:230
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639 usermod.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "--gid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102 groupadd.8.xml.out:105 groupadd.8.xml.out:151
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73 groupmod.8.xml.out:82 groupmod.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:91 groupmod.8.xml.out:137 newusers.8.xml.out:300
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:469
+msgid "GID"
+msgstr "GID"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:108 groupadd.8.xml.out:134 groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:195 groupmod.8.xml.out:107
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+msgid "GID_MIN"
+msgstr "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:105
+msgid ""
+"The numerical value of the group's ID. <_:replaceable-1/> must be unique, "
+"unless the <_:option-2/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The "
+"default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-3/"
+"> and greater than every other group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:113 groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:195 groupmod.8.xml.out:107
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+msgid "GID_MAX"
+msgstr "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:111 useradd.8.xml.out:541
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "See also the <_:option-1/> option and the <_:option-2/> description."
+msgstr ""
+"Flaggorna <option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> och <option>-f</option> "
+"används endast när <command>login</command> har startats av root."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 groupadd.8.xml.out:131 groupadd.8.xml.out:134
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:314 useradd.8.xml.out:317 useradd.8.xml.out:319
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-K"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "--key"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "KEY"
+msgstr "NYCKEL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "VALUE"
+msgstr "VÄRDE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:124 useradd.8.xml.out:302
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>=<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX "
+#| "and others). Multiple <option>-K</option> options can be specified."
+msgid ""
+"Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others). Multiple "
+"<_:option-2/> options can be specified."
+msgstr ""
+"Åsidosätter standardvärden i <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> (GID_MIN, "
+"GID_MAX och andra). Flera flaggor av <option>-K</option> kan anges."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:134 useradd.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "10"
+msgid "100"
+msgstr "10"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:321
+msgid "499"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> <_:option-4/> "
+"<_:replaceable-5/>=<_:replaceable-6/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:138 groupadd.8.xml.out:333 groupdel.8.xml.out:192
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:295 useradd.8.xml.out:853 userdel.8.xml.out:265
+msgid "10"
+msgstr "10"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:137
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#| "replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>GID_MAX</"
+#| "replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable> doesn't work yet."
+msgid ""
+"Note: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/>,<_:replaceable-4/"
+">=<_:replaceable-5/> doesn't work yet."
+msgstr ""
+"Notera: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+"replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>GID_MAX</"
+"replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable> fungerar ännu inte."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:145 groupmod.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:405
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "--non-unique"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:148
+msgid ""
+"permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID. As a "
+"result, for this <_:replaceable-1/>, the mapping towards group <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> may not be unique."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmems.8.xml.out:55 groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:143 login.1.xml.out:80 login.1.xml.out:88
+#: login.1.xml.out:95 login.1.xml.out:212 su.1.xml.out:207
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:237 usermod.8.xml.out:290
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:411 vipw.8.xml.out:102
+msgid "-p"
+msgstr "-p"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmod.8.xml.out:143 useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "--password"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmod.8.xml.out:143 useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+msgid "PASSWORD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:163 groupmod.8.xml.out:148 gshadow.5.xml.out:62
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:68 passwd.5.xml.out:103 passwd.5.xml.out:109
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:170 shadow.5.xml.out:88 shadow.5.xml.out:94
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:430 useradd.8.xml.out:887 usermod.8.xml.out:295
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:614
+msgid "crypt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:164 groupadd.8.xml.out:315 groupmod.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:271 groups.1.xml.out:68 groups.1.xml.out:104
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:255 gshadow.5.xml.out:63 gshadow.5.xml.out:69
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:443 passwd.5.xml.out:104 passwd.5.xml.out:110
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:170 passwd.5.xml.out:176 pwck.8.xml.out:305
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:34 shadow.3.xml.out:217 shadow.5.xml.out:89
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:95 useradd.8.xml.out:431 useradd.8.xml.out:829
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:887 usermod.8.xml.out:296 usermod.8.xml.out:614
+msgid "3"
+msgstr "3"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:161
+msgid ""
+"defines an initial password for the group account. PASSWORD is expected to "
+"be encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:166
+msgid ""
+"Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password "
+"defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths "
+"system account file <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:173 groupmod.8.xml.out:152 useradd.8.xml.out:444
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:93 usermod.8.xml.out:299
+msgid "Note:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:172 groupmod.8.xml.out:151
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> This option is not recommended because the password (or "
+"encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:177 groupmod.8.xml.out:156 useradd.8.xml.out:448
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:309
+msgid ""
+"You should make sure the password respects the system's password policy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:185 newusers.8.xml.out:287 useradd.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "--system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:188
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "create a new group"
+msgid "Create a system group."
+msgstr "skapa en ny grupp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:108
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+msgid "SYS_GID_MIN"
+msgstr "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "SYS_GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:191
+msgid ""
+"The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the <_:option-1/>-"
+"<_:option-2/> range, defined in <_:filename-3/>, instead of <_:option-4/>-<_:"
+"option-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupdel.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502 userdel.8.xml.out:136 usermod.8.xml.out:341
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-P"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupdel.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502 userdel.8.xml.out:136 usermod.8.xml.out:341
+msgid "--prefix"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupadd.8.xml.out:219 groupdel.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:106 groupdel.8.xml.out:108 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:181 groupmod.8.xml.out:183 useradd.8.xml.out:502
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:507 userdel.8.xml.out:136 userdel.8.xml.out:140
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:142 usermod.8.xml.out:341 usermod.8.xml.out:346
+msgid "PREFIX_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:505
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under "
+"the directory <_:replaceable-1/>. This option does not chroot and is "
+"intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and "
+"LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host "
+"files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:229 groupadd.8.xml.out:237 groupmod.8.xml.out:194
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:202 useradd.8.xml.out:96 useradd.8.xml.out:397
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:549 useradd.8.xml.out:558 usermod.8.xml.out:238
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:405
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-U"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:229 groupmod.8.xml.out:194
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "--users"
+msgstr "användare"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:232 groupmod.8.xml.out:197
+msgid "A list of usernames to add as members of the group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:237 groupmod.8.xml.out:202 useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:386 useradd.8.xml.out:397 useradd.8.xml.out:558
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-N"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:238 groupmod.8.xml.out:203 login.defs.5.xml.out:448
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:97 useradd.8.xml.out:240 useradd.8.xml.out:398
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:559 userdel.8.xml.out:86 userdel.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:235 groupmod.8.xml.out:200 useradd.8.xml.out:395
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:556
+msgid ""
+"The default behavior (if the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, and <_:option-3/> "
+"options are not specified) is defined by the <_:option-4/> variable in <_:"
+"filename-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:286
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"You may not add a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+"Du får inte lägga till en användare till en NIS-grupp. Detta måste "
+"genomföras på NIS-servern."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:290
+msgid ""
+"If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or "
+"LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the group creation request."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:317 passwd.1.xml.out:463 useradd.8.xml.out:831
+msgid "invalid argument to option"
+msgstr "ogiltigt argument till flagga"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:321 groupmod.8.xml.out:277 grpck.8.xml.out:261
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:449 pwck.8.xml.out:311 useradd.8.xml.out:835
+msgid "4"
+msgstr "4"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:323
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "UID already in use (and no <option>-o</option>)"
+msgid "GID is already used (when called without <_:option-1/>)"
+msgstr "UID används redan (och inget <option>-o</option>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:327 groupmod.8.xml.out:289 useradd.8.xml.out:847
+msgid "9"
+msgstr "9"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:329
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "group name is already used"
+msgstr "gruppnamnet används redan"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:335 groupdel.8.xml.out:194 useradd.8.xml.out:855
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:267
+msgid "can't update group file"
+msgstr "kan inte uppdatera gruppfilen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:369 groupdel.8.xml.out:226 groupmems.8.xml.out:227
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:350 login.defs.5.xml.out:480 useradd.8.xml.out:913
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:39 userdel.8.xml.out:46 userdel.8.xml.out:51
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:62 userdel.8.xml.out:71 userdel.8.xml.out:82
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211 userdel.8.xml.out:232 userdel.8.xml.out:283
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:298 userdel.8.xml.out:300 usermod.8.xml.out:643
+msgid "userdel"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:372 groupdel.8.xml.out:229 groupmems.8.xml.out:230
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:353 login.defs.5.xml.out:490 passwd.1.xml.out:488
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:140 pwck.8.xml.out:348 useradd.8.xml.out:916
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:345 usermod.8.xml.out:40 usermod.8.xml.out:47
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:53 usermod.8.xml.out:64 usermod.8.xml.out:72
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:263 usermod.8.xml.out:522
+msgid "usermod"
+msgstr "usermod"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:344 groupmod.8.xml.out:324
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-10/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:42
+msgid "delete a group"
+msgstr "ta bort en grupp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:51 groupdel.8.xml.out:59 groupmod.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:59 groupmod.8.xml.out:86 groupmod.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:125 suauth.5.xml.out:85 suauth.5.xml.out:87
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230 useradd.8.xml.out:249 useradd.8.xml.out:392
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639 useradd.8.xml.out:648 usermod.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "GROUP"
+msgstr "GRUPP"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all "
+"entries that refer to <_:replaceable-2/>. The named group must exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Kommandot <command>userdel</command> ändrar i systemkontofilerna, tar bort "
+"alla poster som refererar till <emphasis remap=\"I\">login_name</emphasis>. "
+"Den angivna användaren måste finnas."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"This option forces the removal of the group, even if there's some user "
+"having the group as the primary one."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:105 groupmod.8.xml.out:180 userdel.8.xml.out:139
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration "
+"files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. This option does not chroot and "
+"is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS "
+"and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host "
+"files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:122
+msgid ""
+"You may not remove the primary group of any existing user. You must remove "
+"the user before you remove the group."
+msgstr ""
+"Du får inte ta bort den primära gruppen för någon existerande användare. Du "
+"måste ta bort användaren innan du tar bort gruppen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:126
+msgid ""
+"You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain "
+"owned by this group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:180 groupmod.8.xml.out:283 passwd.1.xml.out:461
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:323 useradd.8.xml.out:841 userdel.8.xml.out:253
+msgid "6"
+msgstr "6"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:182 useradd.8.xml.out:843
+msgid "specified group doesn't exist"
+msgstr "angiven grupp finns inte"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "can't remove user's primary group"
+msgstr "kan inte ta bort användarens primära grupp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:203 login.1.xml.out:375 shadow.5.xml.out:260
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:18
+msgid "George"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:19
+msgid "Kraft"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/lineage
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:20
+msgid "IV"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:21
+msgid "Creation, 2000"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:37 groupmems.8.xml.out:44 groupmems.8.xml.out:50
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:63 groupmems.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:71
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:78 groupmems.8.xml.out:159 groupmems.8.xml.out:163
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:305
+msgid "groupmems"
+msgstr "groupmems"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:45
+msgid "administer members of a user's primary group"
+msgstr "administrera medlemmar av en användares primära grupp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:52
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-a <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:53
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-d <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-d <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-d <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:54
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-g <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-g <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-g <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:62
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command allows a user to administer their own group "
+"membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges. The <_:"
+"command-2/> utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their "
+"own name sake primary group (i.e., guest / guest)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Only the superuser, as administrator, can use <_:command-1/> to alter the "
+"memberships of other groups."
+msgstr ""
+"Endast superanvändaren, som administratör, kan använda <command>groupmems</"
+"command> för att göra ändringar i medlemskap för andra grupper."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Add a new user to the group membership list."
+msgid "Add a user to the group membership list."
+msgstr "Lägg till en ny användare till gruppens medlemslista."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:86 groupmems.8.xml.out:102 groupmems.8.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:filename-1/> file exist, and the group has no entry in the <_:"
+"filename-2/> file, a new entry will be created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "Delete a user from the group membership list."
+msgstr "Ta bort en användare från gruppen medlemslista."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:97
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:filename-1/> file exist, the user will be removed from the list of "
+"members and administrators of the group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110 vipw.8.xml.out:90
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group"
+msgid "--group"
+msgstr "grupp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:112
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "The superuser can specify which group membership list to modify."
+msgstr "Superanvändaren kan ange vilken grupps medlemslista som ska ändras."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "List the group membership list."
+msgstr "Lista gruppens medlemslista."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+msgid "--purge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:132
+msgid "Purge all users from the group membership list."
+msgstr "Rensa alla användare från gruppens medlemslista."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:157
+msgid "SETUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/literal
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:160
+msgid "2710"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:161 groupmems.8.xml.out:162 groups.1.xml.out:33
+#: groups.1.xml.out:40 groups.1.xml.out:46 groups.1.xml.out:56
+msgid "groups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> executable should be in mode <_:literal-2/> as user <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> and in group <_:emphasis-4/>. The system administrator can add "
+"users to group <_:emphasis-5/> to allow or disallow them using the <_:"
+"command-6/> utility to manage their own group membership list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:167
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "\t$ groupadd -r groups\n"
+#| "\t$ chmod 2710 groupmems\n"
+#| "\t$ chown root.groups groupmems\n"
+#| "\t$ groupmems -g groups -a gk4\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid ""
+"$ groupadd -r groups $ chmod 2710 groupmems $ chown root.groups groupmems $ "
+"groupmems -g groups -a gk4"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"\t$ groupadd -r groups\n"
+"\t$ chmod 2710 groupmems\n"
+"\t$ chown root.groups groupmems\n"
+"\t$ groupmems -g groups -a gk4\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "secure group account information"
+msgstr "säker gruppkontoinformation"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:42
+msgid "modify a group definition on the system"
+msgstr "ändra en gruppdefinition på systemet"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the definition of the specified <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73 usermod.8.xml.out:78
+msgid "--append"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If group members are specified with -U, append them to the existing member "
+"list, rather than replacing it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:85
+msgid ""
+"The group ID of the given <_:replaceable-1/> will be changed to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:89
+msgid ""
+"The value of <_:replaceable-1/> must be a non-negative decimal integer. This "
+"value must be unique, unless the <_:option-2/> option is used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:95
+msgid ""
+"Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to keep the group "
+"as their primary group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid ""
+"Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>, must have their group ID changed manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:395
+msgid ""
+"No checks will be performed with regard to the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, "
+"<_:option-3/>, or <_:option-4/> from <_:filename-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-n"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "--new-name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121 groupmod.8.xml.out:126
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "NEW_GROUP"
+msgstr "GRUPP"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"The name of the group will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:135
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"When used with the <_:option-1/> option, allow to change the group <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> to a non-unique value."
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "The encrypted password, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:261
+msgid "E_SUCCESS: success"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:267
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "invalid command syntax"
+msgid "E_USAGE: invalid command syntax"
+msgstr "ogiltig kommandosyntax"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:273
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "invalid argument to option"
+msgid "E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option"
+msgstr "ogiltigt argument till flagga"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:279
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use"
+msgstr "gruppnamnet används redan"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:285
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "specified group doesn't exist"
+msgid "E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn't exist"
+msgstr "angiven grupp finns inte"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:291
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use"
+msgstr "gruppnamnet används redan"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:297
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "can't update group file"
+msgid "E_GRP_UPDATE: can't update group file"
+msgstr "kan inte uppdatera gruppfilen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:301
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "1"
+msgid "11"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can't setup cleanup service"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:307 useradd.8.xml.out:859 userdel.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "12"
+msgstr "12"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "E_PAM_USERNAME: can't determine your username for use with pam"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:313
+msgid "13"
+msgstr "13"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:315
+msgid ""
+"E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the "
+"PAM error message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groups.1.xml.out:41
+msgid "display current group names"
+msgstr "visa aktuella gruppnamn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:55
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command displays the current group names or ID values. If "
+"the value does not have a corresponding entry in <_:filename-2/>, the value "
+"will be displayed as the numerical group value. The optional <_:"
+"replaceable-3/> parameter will display the groups for the named user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:68 groups.1.xml.out:104
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "initgroups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: groups.1.xml.out:71 newgrp.1.xml.out:139 sg.1.xml.out:34 sg.1.xml.out:41
+#: sg.1.xml.out:47 sg.1.xml.out:59 sg.1.xml.out:62 sg.1.xml.out:64
+#: sg.1.xml.out:67 sg.1.xml.out:68 su.1.xml.out:421
+msgid "sg"
+msgstr "sg"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:66
+msgid ""
+"Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see <_:citerefentry-1/>) "
+"will have the information from <_:filename-2/> reported. The user must use "
+"<_:command-3/> or <_:command-4/> to change his current real and effective "
+"group ID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:95
+msgid "getgid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:98
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "getgroups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:101
+msgid "getuid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:90 gshadow.5.xml.out:151 pwck.8.xml.out:334
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:17 lastlog.8.xml.out:19 pwck.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "Creation, 1992"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "verify integrity of group files"
+msgstr "validera integriteten för gruppfiler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:62 grpck.8.xml.out:165 grpck.8.xml.out:185
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:59
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the groups information. "
+"It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/> have the proper "
+"format and contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that "
+"are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:69 pwck.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "Checks are made to verify that each entry has:"
+msgstr "Kontroller görs för att validera att varje post har:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:73 pwck.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "the correct number of fields"
+msgstr "korrekt antal fält"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:76
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "a unique group name"
+msgid "a unique and valid group name"
+msgstr "ett unikt gruppnamn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:81
+msgid "(<_:filename-1/> only)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:79
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "a valid user and group identifier"
+msgid "a valid group identifier <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr "en giltig identifierare för användare och grupp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:88
+msgid "and administrators"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:86
+msgid "a valid list of members <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:92
+msgid ""
+"a corresponding entry in the <_:filename-1/> file (respectively <_:"
+"filename-2/> for the <_:filename-3/> checks)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal. If "
+"an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete "
+"the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further "
+"checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for "
+"deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All other errors are "
+"warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/> command to "
+"correct the error."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:113 newusers.8.xml.out:67 newusers.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:114
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files"
+msgstr "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:111
+msgid ""
+"The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/><_:phrase-3/> "
+"are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-4/> should "
+"be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:123 pwck.8.xml.out:154
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "The <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options cannot be combined."
+msgstr ""
+"Flaggorna <option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> och <option>-f</option> "
+"används endast när <command>login</command> har startats av root."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 pwck.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "--read-only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:143 login.defs.5.xml.out:134 login.defs.5.xml.out:136
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:246
+msgid "no"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:140
+msgid ""
+"Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode. This causes all "
+"questions regarding changes to be answered <_:emphasis-2/> without user "
+"intervention."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:161 pwck.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "--sort"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:163
+msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> by GID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172 lastlog.8.xml.out:117 passwd.1.xml.out:161
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:291
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-S"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "--silence-warnings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:178
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/gshadow"
+msgid "/etc/ghadow"
+msgstr "/etc/gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:174
+msgid ""
+"Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about "
+"inconsistency between group members listed in <_:filename-1/> and <_:"
+"filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "parameter."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:190
+msgid "and <_:emphasis-1/> parameters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"By default, <_:command-1/> operates on <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/>. The "
+"user may select alternate files with the <_:emphasis-4/> <_:phrase-5/> <_:"
+"phrase-6/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:251
+msgid "one or more bad group entries"
+msgstr "en eller flera felaktiga grupposter"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:257
+msgid "can't open group files"
+msgstr "kan inte öppna gruppfiler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:263
+msgid "can't lock group files"
+msgstr "kan inte låsa gruppfiler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:269
+msgid "can't update group files"
+msgstr "kan inte uppdatera gruppfiler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/citerefentry
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:286
+msgid "<_:refentrytitle-1/><_:manvolnum-2/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:278
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>, "
+"<_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Creation, 2005"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:30
+msgid "shadowed group file"
+msgstr "skuggad gruppfil"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:35
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> contains the shadowed information for "
+#| "group accounts. It contains lines with the following colon-separated "
+#| "fields:"
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> contains the shadowed information for group accounts."
+msgstr ""
+"<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> innehåller skuggad gruppkontoinformation. "
+"Den innehåller rader med följande kolonseparerade fält:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:40 shadow.5.xml.out:52
+msgid ""
+"This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to "
+"be maintained."
+msgstr ""
+"Denna fil får inte vara läsbar av vanliga användare om lösenordssäkerheten "
+"ska upprätthållas."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:45
+msgid "Each line of this file contains the following colon-separated fields:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:51
+msgid "group name"
+msgstr "gruppnamn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:53
+msgid "It must be a valid group name, which exist on the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:59 shadow.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "encrypted password"
+msgstr "krypterat lösenord"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:61 passwd.5.xml.out:102 shadow.5.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> for details on how this string is interpreted."
+msgid ""
+"Refer to <_:citerefentry-1/> for details on how this string is interpreted."
+msgstr ""
+"Referera till <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> för detaljer om hur "
+"denna sträng tolkas."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:66
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix "
+"password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)."
+msgstr ""
+"Referera till <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> för detaljer om hur "
+"denna sträng tolkas."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:73
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally "
+#| "modified using the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utility."
+msgid ""
+"The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to "
+"gain the permissions of this group (see <_:citerefentry-1/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Det nya värdet för användarens kommentarsfält i lösenordsfilen. Vanligtvis "
+"ändras det med verktyget <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:79
+msgid ""
+"This field may be empty, in which case only the group members can gain the "
+"group permissions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:83 shadow.5.xml.out:81
+msgid ""
+"A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the "
+"password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the "
+"password field before the password was locked."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:89
+msgid "This password supersedes any password specified in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "administrators"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:99 gshadow.5.xml.out:115
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "comma-separated list of group members"
+msgid "It must be a comma-separated list of user names."
+msgstr "kommaseparerad lista med gruppmedlemmar"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:102
+msgid "Administrators can change the password or the members of the group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:106
+msgid ""
+"Administrators also have the same permissions as the members (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:113
+msgid "members"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:118
+msgid "Members can access the group without being prompted for a password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:122
+msgid "You should use the same list of users as in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:162 login.defs.5.xml.out:324 pwconv.8.xml.out:48
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:67 pwconv.8.xml.out:113 pwconv.8.xml.out:134
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:166 pwconv.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "grpconv"
+msgstr "grpconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:35 lastlog.8.xml.out:42 lastlog.8.xml.out:48
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:58 lastlog.8.xml.out:70 lastlog.8.xml.out:172
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:337
+msgid "lastlog"
+msgstr "lastlog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:43
+msgid "reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:59 lastlog.8.xml.out:197 lastlog.8.xml.out:214
+msgid "/var/log/lastlog"
+msgstr "/var/log/lastlog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:60
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login name"
+msgid "login-name"
+msgstr "inloggningsnamn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:60
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "porttime"
+msgid "port"
+msgstr "porttime"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login name"
+msgid "last login time"
+msgstr "inloggningsnamn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> formats and prints the contents of the last login log <_:"
+"filename-2/> file. The <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/>, and <_:emphasis-5/> "
+"will be printed. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be "
+"printed, sorted by their order in <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75 useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:592
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-b"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "--before"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:78
+msgid "Print only lastlog records older than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-C"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "--clear"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:88
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+msgid ""
+"Clear lastlog record of a user. This option can be used only together with "
+"<_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:117
+msgid "--set"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:120
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+msgid ""
+"Set lastlog record of a user to the current time. This option can be used "
+"only together with <_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:131
+msgid "Print the lastlog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:142
+msgid "Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:158
+msgid "** Never logged in**"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:157
+msgid ""
+"If the user has never logged in the message <_:emphasis-1/> will be "
+"displayed instead of the port and time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:162
+msgid ""
+"Only the entries for the current users of the system will be displayed. "
+"Other entries may exist for users that were deleted previously."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:175
+msgid "ls -l"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "ls -s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:171
+msgid ""
+"The <_:filename-1/> file is a database which contains info on the last login "
+"of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse file, so its size on "
+"the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by \"<_:command-2/"
+">\" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in <_:filename-3/> "
+"users with a high UID). You can display its real size with \"<_:command-4/"
+">\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "Database times of previous user logins."
+msgstr "Databastider för tidigare användarinloggningar."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"Large gaps in UID numbers will cause the lastlog program to run longer with "
+"no output to the screen (i.e. if in lastlog database there is no entries for "
+"users with UID between 170 and 800 lastlog will appear to hang as it "
+"processes entries with UIDs 171-799)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:213
+msgid ""
+"Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the <_:term-1/> with "
+"external tools. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much "
+"space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by "
+"default and may require a specific option to handle them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: limits.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Luca"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: limits.5.xml.out:18
+msgid "Berra"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: limits.5.xml.out:19 vipw.8.xml.out:19
+msgid "Creation, 1997"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:35 limits.5.xml.out:42 limits.5.xml.out:50
+msgid "limits"
+msgstr "limits"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: limits.5.xml.out:43
+msgid "resource limits definition"
+msgstr "definition av resursbegränsningar"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: limits.5.xml.out:51 limits.5.xml.out:175
+msgid "/etc/limits"
+msgstr "/etc/limits"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: limits.5.xml.out:52
+msgid "config.h"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:49
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> file (<_:filename-2/> by default or LIMITS_FILE defined "
+"<_:filename-3/>) describes the resource limits you wish to impose. It should "
+"be owned by root and readable by root account only."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"By default no quota is imposed on 'root'. In fact, there is no way to impose "
+"limits via this procedure to root-equiv accounts (accounts with UID 0)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:"
+msgstr "Varje rad beskriver en begränsning för användaren i formatet:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "user LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "user LIMITS_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:69
+msgid "or in the form:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:72
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user LIMITS_STRING"
+msgid "@group LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "user LIMITS_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:76 limits.5.xml.out:112
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user LIMITS_STRING"
+msgid "LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "user LIMITS_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits. "
+"Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "The valid identifiers are:"
+msgstr "De giltiga identifierarna är:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:84
+msgid "A: max address space (KB)"
+msgstr "A: maximal adressrymd (KB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "C: max core file size (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:86
+msgid "D: max data size (KB)"
+msgstr "D: maximal datastorlek (KB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "F: maximum filesize (KB)"
+msgid "F: maximum file size (KB)"
+msgstr "F: maximal filstorlek (KB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:90
+msgid "umask"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:88
+msgid "K: file creation mask, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:93
+msgid "I: max nice value (0..39 which translates to 20..-19)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:95
+msgid "L: max number of logins for this user"
+msgstr "L: maximalt antal inloggningar för denna användare"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:96
+msgid "M: max locked-in-memory address space (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "N: max number of open files"
+msgstr "N: maximalt antal öppna filer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:98
+msgid "O: max real time priority"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:101 limits.5.xml.out:188
+msgid "setpriority"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:99
+msgid "P: process priority, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:104
+msgid "R: max resident set size (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:105
+msgid "S: max stack size (KB)"
+msgstr "S: maximal stackstorlek (KB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:106
+msgid "T: max CPU time (MIN)"
+msgstr "T: maximal processortid (MIN)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:107
+msgid "U: max number of processes"
+msgstr "U: maximalt antal processer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:111
+msgid "L2D2048N5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:110
+msgid ""
+"For example, <_:emphasis-1/> is a valid <_:emphasis-2/>. For reading "
+"convenience, the following entries are equivalent:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: limits.5.xml.out:116
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      username L2D2048N5\n"
+#| "      username L2 D2048 N5\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "username L2D2048N5 username L2 D2048 N5"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      username L2D2048N5\n"
+"      username L2 D2048 N5\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: limits.5.xml.out:122 login.1.xml.out:83 login.1.xml.out:91
+#: login.1.xml.out:197 su.1.xml.out:70 su.1.xml.out:82 su.1.xml.out:95
+#: su.1.xml.out:153 su.1.xml.out:155 useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid "username"
+msgstr "användarnamn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:121
+msgid ""
+"Be aware that after <_:emphasis-1/> the rest of the line is considered a "
+"limit string, thus comments are not allowed. An invalid limits string will "
+"be rejected (not considered) by the <_:command-2/> program."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:129
+msgid "*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:130
+msgid "default"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:131
+msgid "LIMITS_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:128
+msgid ""
+"The default entry is denoted by username \"<_:emphasis-1/>\". If you have "
+"multiple <_:emphasis-2/> entries in your <_:emphasis-3/>, then the last one "
+"will be used as the default entry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: limits.5.xml.out:136 limits.5.xml.out:148
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group"
+msgid "@group"
+msgstr "grupp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"The limits specified in the form \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" apply to the members "
+"of the specified <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:141
+msgid ""
+"If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for "
+"this user will be considered."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:146
+msgid ""
+"If no lines are specified for a user, the last <_:replaceable-1/> line "
+"matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the "
+"last line with default limits if no groups contain the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: limits.5.xml.out:155 limits.5.xml.out:160 login.access.5.xml.out:72
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:47 newgrp.1.xml.out:56 sg.1.xml.out:48 su.1.xml.out:67
+#: su.1.xml.out:84 su.1.xml.out:93 su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:152
+msgid "-"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:153
+msgid ""
+"To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" "
+"will do."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"To disable a limit for a user, a single dash \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" can be "
+"used instead of the numerical value for this limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:164
+msgid ""
+"Also, please note that all limit settings are set PER LOGIN. They are not "
+"global, nor are they permanent. Perhaps global limits will come, but for now "
+"this will have to do ;)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:191
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/limits"
+msgid "setrlimit"
+msgstr "/etc/limits"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "begin session on the system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: login.1.xml.out:81 login.1.xml.out:89 login.1.xml.out:96
+msgid "host"
+msgstr "värd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: login.1.xml.out:81 login.1.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-h <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-h <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-h <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: login.1.xml.out:84
+msgid "ENV=VAR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: login.1.xml.out:96
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-r <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-r <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-r <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:105
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "login:"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:109
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "exec login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:102
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program is used to establish a new session with the "
+"system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> prompt on the user's terminal. <_:command-3/> may be special to "
+"the shell and may not be invoked as a sub-process. When called from a shell, "
+"<_:command-4/> should be executed as <_:emphasis-5/> which will cause the "
+"user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in "
+"user to return to the session of the caller). Attempting to execute <_:"
+"command-6/> from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:116
+msgid ""
+"The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is "
+"disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of password "
+"failures are permitted before <_:command-1/> exits and the communications "
+"link is severed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:123
+msgid ""
+"If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for "
+"a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to provide your old "
+"password and the new password before continuing. Please refer to <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:135 login.1.xml.out:341
+msgid "/etc/motd"
+msgstr "/etc/motd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:136
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+msgid ".hushlogin"
+msgstr "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:137
+msgid "You have new mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:138
+msgid "You have mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:139
+msgid "No Mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and "
+"the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of the system message "
+"file, <_:filename-1/>, by creating a zero-length file <_:filename-2/> in "
+"your login directory. The mail message will be one of \"<_:emphasis-3/>\", "
+"\"<_:emphasis-4/>\", or \"<_:emphasis-5/>\" according to the condition of "
+"your mailbox."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 passwd.5.xml.out:126 su.1.xml.out:247
+msgid "$HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 passwd.5.xml.out:133 su.1.xml.out:179 su.1.xml.out:199
+#: su.1.xml.out:247
+msgid "$SHELL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#. (itstool) path: term/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 su.1.xml.out:105 su.1.xml.out:215 su.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "$PATH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:147 su.1.xml.out:248
+msgid "$LOGNAME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:147 su.1.xml.out:275
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgid "$MAIL"
+msgstr "MAIL_DIR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:143
+msgid ""
+"Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the <_:"
+"filename-1/> file. The value for <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, "
+"<_:envar-5/>, and <_:envar-6/> are set according to the appropriate fields "
+"in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set "
+"according to entries in the GECOS field."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:154 su.1.xml.out:264
+msgid "$TERM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:155 login.1.xml.out:353
+msgid "/etc/ttytype"
+msgstr "/etc/ttytype"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:152
+msgid ""
+"On some installations, the environmental variable <_:envar-1/> will be "
+"initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in <_:"
+"filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"An initialization script for your command interpreter may also be executed. "
+"Please see the appropriate manual section for more information on this "
+"function."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:164 su.1.xml.out:112
+msgid ""
+"A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a \"*\" as the first "
+"character of the login shell. The given home directory will be used as the "
+"root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:173 login.1.xml.out:249 login.1.xml.out:401
+msgid "getty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:175 login.1.xml.out:251
+msgid "init"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:178 login.1.xml.out:254
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:170 login.1.xml.out:246
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program is NOT responsible for removing users from the "
+"utmp file. It is the responsibility of <_:citerefentry-2/> and <_:"
+"citerefentry-3/> to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session. If "
+"you use <_:command-4/> from the shell prompt without <_:command-5/>, the "
+"user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out "
+"of the \"subsession\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:193
+msgid "Do not perform authentication, user is preauthenticated."
+msgstr "Genomför inte autentisering, användaren är förautentiserad."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:196
+msgid "Note: In that case, <_:replaceable-1/> is mandatory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:207
+msgid "Name of the remote host for this login."
+msgstr "Namnet på fjärrvärden för denna inloggning."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:215
+msgid "Preserve environment."
+msgstr "Behåll miljö."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:223
+msgid "Perform autologin protocol for rlogin."
+msgstr "Genomför automatiskt inloggningsprotokoll för rlogin."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:228
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> and <option>-f</option> "
+#| "options are only used when <command>login</command> is invoked by root."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> options are only used "
+"when <_:command-4/> is invoked by root."
+msgstr ""
+"Flaggorna <option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> och <option>-f</option> "
+"används endast när <command>login</command> har startats av root."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:237 su.1.xml.out:307
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This version of <command>su</command> has many compilation options, only "
+#| "some of which may be in use at any particular site."
+msgid ""
+"This version of <_:command-1/> has many compilation options, only some of "
+"which may be in use at any particular site."
+msgstr ""
+"Denna version av <command>su</command> har många kompileringsflaggor, kanske "
+"bara några används på specifika system."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:242
+msgid ""
+"The location of files is subject to differences in system configuration."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:258
+msgid ""
+"As with any program, <_:command-1/>'s appearance can be faked. If non-"
+"trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this "
+"to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the "
+"machine. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a "
+"trusted path and prevent this kind of attack."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:317 logoutd.8.xml.out:56 logoutd.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "/var/run/utmp"
+msgstr "/var/run/utmp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:319 logoutd.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "List of current login sessions."
+msgstr "Lista på aktuella inloggningssessioner."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:323
+msgid "/var/log/wtmp"
+msgstr "/var/log/wtmp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:325
+msgid "List of previous login sessions."
+msgstr "Lista på tidigare inloggningssessioner."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:343
+msgid "System message of the day file."
+msgstr "Fil för dagens systemmeddelande."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:347
+msgid "/etc/nologin"
+msgstr "/etc/nologin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:349
+msgid "Prevent non-root users from logging in."
+msgstr "Förhindra icke-rootanvändare från att logga in."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:355
+msgid "List of terminal types."
+msgstr "Lista på terminaltyper."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:359
+msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+msgstr "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:361
+msgid "Suppress printing of system messages."
+msgstr "Tysta ner utskrift av systemmeddelanden."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:377
+msgid "mail"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:383 su.1.xml.out:424
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "chsh"
+msgid "sh"
+msgstr "chsh"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:386 login.defs.5.xml.out:436 login.defs.5.xml.out:520
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:536 newgrp.1.xml.out:136 passwd.5.xml.out:197
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:283 sg.1.xml.out:128 su.1.xml.out:50 su.1.xml.out:57
+#: su.1.xml.out:62 su.1.xml.out:81 su.1.xml.out:83 su.1.xml.out:121
+#: su.1.xml.out:201 su.1.xml.out:239 su.1.xml.out:308 su.1.xml.out:368
+#: su.1.xml.out:372 su.1.xml.out:377 su.1.xml.out:381 suauth.5.xml.out:201
+msgid "su"
+msgstr "su"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:392 nologin.8.xml.out:22 nologin.8.xml.out:29
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:35 nologin.8.xml.out:42 nologin.8.xml.out:48
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:63 nologin.8.xml.out:71
+msgid "nologin"
+msgstr "nologin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:398
+msgid "securetty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:16 pwconv.8.xml.out:21 suauth.5.xml.out:15
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:17
+msgid "Marek"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:17 pwconv.8.xml.out:22 suauth.5.xml.out:16
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:18
+msgid "Michałkiewicz"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:34 login.access.5.xml.out:41
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:48 login.access.5.xml.out:54
+msgid "login.access"
+msgstr "login.access"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:42
+msgid "login access control table"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:47
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, "
+"tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:53
+msgid ""
+"When someone logs in, the <_:emphasis-1/> is scanned for the first entry "
+"that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non-networked "
+"logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination. The "
+"permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be "
+"accepted or refused."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"Each line of the login access control table has three fields separated by a "
+"\":\" character:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "permission denied"
+msgid "permission"
+msgstr "åtkomst nekad"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "users"
+msgstr "användare"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+msgid "origins"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>:<_:emphasis-3/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:71
+msgid "+"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:74 login.access.5.xml.out:78 suauth.5.xml.out:78
+msgid "ALL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/literal
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:76 login.access.5.xml.out:77
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:80
+msgid "."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "LOCAL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:70
+msgid ""
+"The first field should be a \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" (access granted) or \"<_:"
+"emphasis-2/>\" (access denied) character. The second field should be a list "
+"of one or more login names, group names, or <_:emphasis-3/> (always "
+"matches). The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non-"
+"networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with \"<_:literal-4/>\"), "
+"host addresses, internet network numbers (end with \"<_:literal-5/>\"), <_:"
+"emphasis-6/> (always matches) or <_:emphasis-7/> (matches any string that "
+"does not contain a \"<_:literal-8/>\" character). If you run NIS you can use "
+"@netgroupname in host or user patterns."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "EXCEPT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:84
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> operator makes it possible to write very compact rules."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:89
+msgid ""
+"The group file is searched only when a name does not match that of the "
+"logged-in user. Only groups are matched in which users are explicitly "
+"listed: the program does not look at a user's primary group id value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:110 porttime.5.xml.out:119 suauth.5.xml.out:199
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "shadow password suite configuration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:115
+msgid ""
+"The <_:filename-1/> file defines the site-specific configuration for the "
+"shadow password suite. This file is required. Absence of this file will not "
+"prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:122
+msgid ""
+"This file is a readable text file, each line of the file describing one "
+"configuration parameter. The lines consist of a configuration name and "
+"value, separated by whitespace. Blank lines and comment lines are ignored. "
+"Comments are introduced with a \"#\" pound sign and the pound sign must be "
+"the first non-white character of the line."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:133 useradd.8.xml.out:242 useradd.8.xml.out:380
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:87 userdel.8.xml.out:297
+msgid "yes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:140
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "0"
+msgid "0x"
+msgstr "0"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:130
+msgid ""
+"Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long "
+"numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters. A boolean should "
+"be either the value <_:replaceable-1/> or <_:replaceable-2/>. An undefined "
+"boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a <_:"
+"replaceable-3/> value. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal "
+"values, octal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-4/>) or "
+"hexadecimal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-5/>). The maximum "
+"value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine-dependent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:145
+msgid "The following configuration items are provided:"
+msgstr "Följande konfigurationsposter tillhandahålls:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:193 pwconv.8.xml.out:146 useradd.8.xml.out:309
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:314
+msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:193 pwconv.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "PASS_MIN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:194 pwconv.8.xml.out:147
+msgid "PASS_WARN_AGE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: variablelist/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:192
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> are only used at the time of "
+"account creation. Any changes to these settings won't affect existing "
+"accounts."
+msgstr ""
+"PASS_MAX_DAYS, PASS_MIN_DAYS och PASS_WARN_AGE används endast när kontot "
+"skapas. Alla ändringar av dessa inställningar påverkar inte existerande "
+"konton."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:225
+msgid "CROSS REFERENCES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:226
+msgid ""
+"The following cross references show which programs in the shadow password "
+"suite use which parameters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:235 login.defs.5.xml.out:423 login.defs.5.xml.out:431
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:503 pwck.8.xml.out:75 pwck.8.xml.out:216
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:232 pwconv.8.xml.out:89 pwconv.8.xml.out:91
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:94 pwconv.8.xml.out:105 pwconv.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:242
+msgid "CHFN_AUTH"
+msgstr "CHFN_AUTH"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:244 login.defs.5.xml.out:359
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "LOGIN_STRING"
+msgstr "CHFN_AUTH CHFN_RESTRICT"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:241
+msgid "<_:phrase-1/> CHFN_RESTRICT <_:phrase-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:253 login.defs.5.xml.out:264 login.defs.5.xml.out:284
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:388 login.defs.5.xml.out:404
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:251 login.defs.5.xml.out:282
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:262
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:272
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+msgstr "CHFN_AUTH CHFN_RESTRICT"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:292
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+"GID_MAX GID_MIN PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE UID_MAX UID_MIN "
+"UMASK"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:301 login.defs.5.xml.out:307 login.defs.5.xml.out:313
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:320 login.defs.5.xml.out:326 login.defs.5.xml.out:332
+msgid "MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:330 pwconv.8.xml.out:49 pwconv.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:119 pwconv.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:167
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "grpunconv"
+msgstr "grpunconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:339
+msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:346 login.defs.5.xml.out:439
+msgid "CONSOLE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:348
+msgid "ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:351
+msgid "FAILLOG_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:353
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "FILE"
+msgid "FTMP_FILE"
+msgstr "FIL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:355
+msgid "ISSUE_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:357
+msgid "LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:361
+msgid ""
+"MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE "
+"PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:365
+msgid "ULIMIT UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:345
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY "
+"<_:phrase-3/> FAKE_SHELL <_:phrase-4/> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <_:phrase-5/> KILLCHAR "
+"<_:phrase-6/> LOGIN_RETRIES <_:phrase-7/> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+"LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <_:phrase-8/> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <_:phrase-9/> "
+"USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:372
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "newgrp"
+msgid "newgrp / sg"
+msgstr "newgrp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:374
+msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:382
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
+"HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/> "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+"GID_MAX GID_MIN PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE UID_MAX UID_MIN "
+"UMASK"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:401
+msgid ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
+"PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:414
+msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:412 login.defs.5.xml.out:421
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE"
+msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:419 passwd.5.xml.out:188 pwconv.8.xml.out:39
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:46 pwconv.8.xml.out:55 pwconv.8.xml.out:83
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:88 pwconv.8.xml.out:90 pwconv.8.xml.out:134
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:144 pwconv.8.xml.out:165 pwconv.8.xml.out:216
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:277
+msgid "pwconv"
+msgstr "pwconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:428 passwd.5.xml.out:191 pwconv.8.xml.out:47
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:61 pwconv.8.xml.out:98 pwconv.8.xml.out:104
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:109 pwconv.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:157
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:166 shadow.5.xml.out:280
+msgid "pwunconv"
+msgstr "pwunconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:441
+msgid "ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:443
+msgid "ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:446
+msgid "SU_WHEEL_ONLY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:438
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH "
+"<_:phrase-3/> SULOG_FILE SU_NAME <_:phrase-4/> SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <_:phrase-5/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:453 passwd.5.xml.out:200 shadow.5.xml.out:286
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "sulogin"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:457 su.1.xml.out:278
+msgid "ENV_TZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:455
+msgid "ENV_HZ <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:475
+msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:464
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR "
+"MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <_:"
+"phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"GID_MAX GID_MIN PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE UID_MAX UID_MIN "
+"UMASK"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:485 login.defs.5.xml.out:495
+msgid "TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:482
+msgid ""
+"MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB <_:"
+"phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:492
+msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# Swedish translation of shadow manpage.
+# Copyright (C) 2006 THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the shadow package.
+# Daniel Nylander <po@danielnylander.se>, 2006.
+#
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:500 vipw.8.xml.out:35 vipw.8.xml.out:42
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:51 vipw.8.xml.out:67 vipw.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "vipw"
+msgstr "vipw"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:511 pwconv.8.xml.out:193 suauth.5.xml.out:179
+msgid "BUGS"
+msgstr "FEL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:512
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+msgid ""
+"Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow password "
+"suite is now handled by PAM. Thus, <_:filename-1/> is no longer used by <_:"
+"citerefentry-2/>, or less used by <_:citerefentry-3/>, and <_:citerefentry-4/"
+">. Please refer to the corresponding PAM configuration files instead."
+msgstr ""
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:545
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group_name"
+msgid "pam"
+msgstr "gruppnamn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:528
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:33 logoutd.8.xml.out:40 logoutd.8.xml.out:46
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:53 logoutd.8.xml.out:55
+msgid "logoutd"
+msgstr "logoutd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:41
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Enforce login time restrictions"
+msgid "enforce login time restrictions"
+msgstr "Upprätthåll tidsbegränsningar för inloggningar"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:54 logoutd.8.xml.out:60 logoutd.8.xml.out:68
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:87 porttime.5.xml.out:109
+msgid "/etc/porttime"
+msgstr "/etc/porttime"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:56
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/group"
+msgid "/etc/rc"
+msgstr "/etc/group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:52
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in <_:"
+"filename-2/>. <_:command-3/> should be started from <_:filename-4/>. The <_:"
+"filename-5/> file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to "
+"see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time. "
+"Any login session which is violating the restrictions in <_:filename-6/> is "
+"terminated."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:70 porttime.5.xml.out:111
+msgid "File containing port access."
+msgstr "Fil som innehåller portåtkomst"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "log in to a new group"
+msgstr "logga in i en ny grupp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:54
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to change the current group ID during a "
+"login session. If the optional <_:option-2/> flag is given, the user's "
+"environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, "
+"otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, "
+"remains unchanged."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:62
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to "
+"the default group listed in <_:filename-2/> if no group name is given. <_:"
+"command-3/> also tries to add the group to the user groupset. If not root, "
+"the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in "
+"<_:filename-4/> if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or "
+"in <_:filename-5/> otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not "
+"listed as a member and the group has a password. The user will be denied "
+"access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If there is an entry for this group in <_:filename-1/>, then the list of "
+"members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, "
+"otherwise, the entry in <_:filename-2/> is considered."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:130 sg.1.xml.out:119
+msgid "id"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "update and create new users in batch"
+msgstr "uppdatera och skapa nya användare satsvis"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:74
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a <_:replaceable-2/> (or the standard input "
+"by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or "
+"to create new users. Each line is in the same format as the standard "
+"password file (see <_:citerefentry-3/>) with the exceptions explained below:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group_name"
+msgid "pw_name"
+msgstr "gruppnamn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:90
+msgid "This is the name of the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:93
+msgid ""
+"It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>). In case of an existing user, the user's "
+"information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "pw_passwd"
+msgstr "pw_passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:107
+msgid ""
+"This field will be encrypted and used as the new value of the encrypted "
+"password."
+msgstr ""
+"Detta fält kommer att krypteras och användas som det nya värdet för det "
+"krypterade lösenordet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:115
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "pw_gid"
+msgid "pw_uid"
+msgstr "pw_gid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "This field is used to define the UID of the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:121
+msgid ""
+"If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by "
+"<_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "If this field contains a number, this number will be used as the UID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:129
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>), the UID of the specified user will be "
+"used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"If the UID of an existing user is changed, the files ownership of the user's "
+"file should be fixed manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:143
+msgid "pw_gid"
+msgstr "pw_gid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "This field is used to define the primary group ID for the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:149
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created "
+"before by <_:command-1/>), the GID of this group will be used as the primary "
+"group ID for the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:155
+msgid ""
+"If this field is a number, this number will be used as the primary group ID "
+"of the user. If no groups exist with this GID, a new group will be created "
+"with this GID, and the name of the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:161
+msgid ""
+"If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the "
+"user and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-1/> to be used as "
+"the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:167
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>), a new group will be created with the "
+"specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-2/> to "
+"be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:179
+msgid "pw_gecos"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:182
+msgid "This field is copied in the GECOS field of the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "pw_dir"
+msgstr "pw_dir"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:192
+msgid "This field is used to define the home directory of the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "newusers does not create parent directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified "
+"directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or "
+"updated and its primary group. Note that <_:emphasis-1/> of the new user's "
+"home directory. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory "
+"if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr "
+"informing the user of the failure. The newusers command will not halt or "
+"return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home "
+"directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:208
+msgid ""
+"If the home directory of an existing user is changed, <_:command-1/> does "
+"not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location. This "
+"should be done manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:218
+msgid "pw_shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:221
+msgid ""
+"This field defines the shell of the user. No checks are performed on this "
+"field."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:229
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> first tries to create or change all the specified users, and "
+"then write these changes to the user or group databases. If an error occurs "
+"(except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to "
+"the databases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:235
+msgid ""
+"During this first pass, users are created with a locked password (and "
+"passwords are not changed for the users which are not created). A second "
+"pass is used to update the passwords using PAM. Failures to update a "
+"password are reported, but will not stop the other password updates."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:243
+msgid ""
+"This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many "
+"accounts are updated at a single time."
+msgstr ""
+"Detta kommando är tänkt att användas i större systemmiljöer där många konton "
+"uppdateras på samma gång."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:257 pwck.8.xml.out:164 useradd.8.xml.out:108
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:89
+msgid "--badname"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:260 pwck.8.xml.out:167 useradd.8.xml.out:111
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "Allow names that do not conform to standards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:290 useradd.8.xml.out:459
+msgid "Create a system account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:297 useradd.8.xml.out:466 usermod.8.xml.out:398
+msgid "SYS_UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:297 useradd.8.xml.out:466 usermod.8.xml.out:398
+msgid "SYS_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:308 useradd.8.xml.out:319
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:468 useradd.8.xml.out:538 usermod.8.xml.out:397
+msgid "UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:308 useradd.8.xml.out:321
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:468 useradd.8.xml.out:543 usermod.8.xml.out:397
+msgid "UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:293 useradd.8.xml.out:462
+msgid ""
+"System users will be created with no aging information in <_:filename-1/>, "
+"and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the <_:option-2/>-<_:option-3/> "
+"range, defined in <_:filename-4/>, instead of <_:option-5/>-<_:option-6/> "
+"(and their <_:option-7/> counterparts for the creation of groups)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:349
+msgid ""
+"The input file must be protected since it contains unencrypted passwords."
+msgstr ""
+"Inmatningsfilen måste skyddas eftersom den innehåller okrypterade lösenord."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:429
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/passwd"
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/newusers"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:435 useradd.8.xml.out:222 useradd.8.xml.out:481
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:785 userdel.8.xml.out:215 usermod.8.xml.out:587
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "/etc/subgid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:437 useradd.8.xml.out:787 userdel.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:441 useradd.8.xml.out:222 useradd.8.xml.out:480
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:791 userdel.8.xml.out:221 usermod.8.xml.out:593
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "/etc/subuid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:443 useradd.8.xml.out:793 userdel.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:460 useradd.8.xml.out:906 userdel.8.xml.out:335
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:633
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "subgid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:463 useradd.8.xml.out:909 userdel.8.xml.out:338
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:636
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "subuid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:458 useradd.8.xml.out:904 userdel.8.xml.out:333
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:631
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:30
+msgid "politely refuse a login"
+msgstr "vägra snällt en inloggning"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:41
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command displays a message that an account is not "
+"available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement shell field "
+"for accounts that have been disabled."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>nologin</command> visar ett meddelande om att kontot inte är "
+"tillgängligt och avslutas med icke-noll-status. Det är tänkt som ett "
+"ersättande skalfält för konton som har inaktiverats."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:46
+msgid "To disable all logins, investigate <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:52
+msgid "SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:51
+msgid "If <_:command-1/> is populated it will be logged."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:69
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "HYSTORY"
+msgid "HISTORY"
+msgstr "HISTORIK"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The <command>nologin</command> command appeared in BSD 4.4."
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command appeared in BSD 4.4."
+msgstr "Kommandot <command>nologin</command> dök upp i BSD 4.4."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:48
+msgid "change user password"
+msgstr "ändra användarlösenord"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:65
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes passwords for user accounts. A normal "
+"user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser "
+"may change the password for any account. <_:command-2/> also changes the "
+"account or associated password validity period."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>passwd</command> ändrar lösenord för användarkonton. En vanlig "
+"användare kan endast ändra lösenordet för sitt egna konto men "
+"superanvändaren kan ändra lösenord för alla konton. <command>passwd</"
+"command> ändrar även kontoinformation, såsom det fullständiga namnet för "
+"användaren, användarens inloggningsskal eller hans/hennes utgångsdatum för "
+"lösenordet och intervall."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "Password Changes"
+msgstr "Lösenordsändringar"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"The user is first prompted for their old password, if one is present. This "
+"password is then encrypted and compared against the stored password. The "
+"user has only one chance to enter the correct password. The superuser is "
+"permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten passwords may be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"Användaren frågas först efter hans/hennes gamla lösenord, om det finns "
+"något. Detta lösenord krypteras sedan och jämförs mot det lagrade "
+"lösenordet. Användaren har endast en chans att ange det korrekta lösenordet. "
+"Superanvändaren tillåts kringgå detta steg så att bortglömda lösenord kan "
+"ändras."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:83
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "After the password has been entered, password aging information is "
+#| "checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this "
+#| "time. If not, <command>passwd</command> refuses to change the password "
+#| "and exits."
+msgid ""
+"After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked "
+"to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time. If not, "
+"<_:command-1/> refuses to change the password and exits."
+msgstr ""
+"Efter att lösenordet har matats in kontrolleras lösenordets "
+"åldringsinformation för att se om användaren tillåts att ändra lösenord för "
+"tillfället. Om inte, nekar <command>passwd</command> att ändra lösenordet "
+"och avslutas."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:90
+msgid ""
+"The user is then prompted twice for a replacement password. The second entry "
+"is compared against the first and both are required to match in order for "
+"the password to be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"Användaren frågas sedan två gånger efter ett ersättande lösenord. Den andra "
+"inmatningen jämförs mot den första och båda måste stämma överens för att "
+"lösenordet ska ändras."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:96
+msgid ""
+"Then, the password is tested for complexity. As a general guideline, "
+"passwords should consist of 6 to 8 characters including one or more "
+"characters from each of the following sets:"
+msgstr ""
+"Sedan testas lösenordet för sin komplexitet. Som en allmän riktlinje bör "
+"lösenord innehålla 6 till 8 tecken och inkluderas ett eller flera tecken "
+"från var och en av följande punkter:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "lower case alphabetics"
+msgstr "gemena bokstäver ur alfabetet"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:107
+msgid "digits 0 thru 9"
+msgstr "siffrorna 0 till 9"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "punctuation marks"
+msgstr "skiljetecken"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:114
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill "
+#| "characters. <command>passwd</command> will reject any password which is "
+#| "not suitably complex."
+msgid ""
+"Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill "
+"characters. <_:command-1/> will reject any password which is not suitably "
+"complex."
+msgstr ""
+"Tänk på att inte inkludera systemets standardtecken för radering eller döda. "
+"<command>passwd</command> kommer att neka alla lösenord som inte har lämplig "
+"komplexitet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "Hints for user passwords"
+msgstr "Tips för användarlösenord"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:127
+msgid "UNIX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:124
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption "
+#| "algorithm and the size of the key space. The <emphasis>UNIX</emphasis> "
+#| "System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm and is very "
+#| "secure. The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the "
+#| "password which is selected."
+msgid ""
+"The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption "
+"algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy <_:emphasis-1/> System "
+"encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm. More recent methods are "
+"now recommended (see <_:option-2/>). The size of the key space depends upon "
+"the randomness of the password which is selected."
+msgstr ""
+"Säkerhet i ett lösenord beror på styrkan på krypteringsalgoritmen och "
+"nyckellängden. Krypteringsmetoden för <emphasis>UNIX-system</emphasis> är "
+"baserad på NBS DES-algoritmen och är mycket säker. Längden på nyckeln är "
+"beroende på slumpmässigheten för det valda lösenordet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"Compromises in password security normally result from careless password "
+"selection or handling. For this reason, you should not select a password "
+"which appears in a dictionary or which must be written down. The password "
+"should also not be a proper name, your license number, birth date, or street "
+"address. Any of these may be used as guesses to violate system security."
+msgstr ""
+"Problem i lösenordssäkerheten brukar normalt komma från slarvigt valda "
+"lösenord eller hantering. Av denna anledning bör du inte välja ett lösenord "
+"som finns i en ordbok eller som måste skrivas ner. Lösenordet bör heller "
+"inte vara ett korrekt namn, ditt personnummer, födelsedatum eller "
+"gatuadress. Dessa kan användas som gissningar för att ta sig in i systemet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:142
+msgid ""
+"You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en."
+"wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:160
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option can be used only with <option>-S</option> and causes show "
+#| "status for all users."
+msgid ""
+"This option can be used only with <_:option-1/> and causes show status for "
+"all users."
+msgstr ""
+"Denna flagga kan endast användas med <option>-S</option> och gör att status "
+"visas för alla användare."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:171
+msgid ""
+"Delete a user's password (make it empty). This is a quick way to disable a "
+"password for an account. It will set the named account passwordless."
+msgstr ""
+"Ta bort en användares lösenord (gör det blankt). Detta är ett snabbt sätt "
+"att inaktivera ett lösenord för ett konto. Det kommer att ta bort det "
+"angivna kontots lösenord."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:180
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "expiry"
+msgid "--expire"
+msgstr "expiry"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"Immediately expire an account's password. This in effect can force a user to "
+"change their password at the user's next login."
+msgstr ""
+"Lösenordet för ett konto sätts omedelbart som utgånget. Detta kan tvinga en "
+"användare att ändra sitt lösenord vid nästa inloggningsförsök."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:200
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is used to disable an account after the password has been "
+#| "expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired "
+#| "password for <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> days, the user may no "
+#| "longer sign on to the account."
+msgid ""
+"This option is used to disable an account after the password has been "
+"expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired "
+"password for <_:replaceable-1/> days, the user may no longer sign on to the "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"Denna flagga används för att inaktivera ett konto efter att lösenordet har "
+"varit utgånget i ett antal dagar. Efter att ett användarkonto har haft ett "
+"utgånget lösenord i <replaceable>INAKTIV</replaceable> dagar får användaren "
+"inte längre logga in med detta konto."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:210 useradd.8.xml.out:278 useradd.8.xml.out:356
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-k"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:210
+msgid "--keep-tokens"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:213
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Indicate password change should be performed only for expired authentication "
+"tokens (passwords). The user wishes to keep their non-expired tokens as "
+"before."
+msgstr ""
+"Indikera lösenordsändring bör endast genomföras för utgångna "
+"autentiseringslösenord. Användaren önskar behålla sitt icke-utgångna "
+"lösenord som tidigare."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:222 usermod.8.xml.out:231
+msgid "--lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:225
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Lock the password of the named account. This option disables a password by "
+"changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it adds a "
+"´!´ at the beginning of the password)."
+msgstr ""
+"Lås angivet konto. Denna flagga inaktiverar ett konto genom att ändra "
+"lösenordet till ett värde som inte matchar något möjligt krypterat värde."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:235
+msgid "usermod --expiredate 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:231
+msgid ""
+"Note that this does not disable the account. The user may still be able to "
+"login using another authentication token (e.g. an SSH key). To disable the "
+"account, administrators should use <_:command-1/> (this set the account's "
+"expire date to Jan 2, 1970)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:238
+msgid "Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:258 pwck.8.xml.out:179 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "-q"
+msgstr "-q"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:258 pwck.8.xml.out:179 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "--quiet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:261 vipw.8.xml.out:110
+msgid "Quiet mode."
+msgstr "Tyst läge."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268
+msgid "--repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268 passwd.1.xml.out:272
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "HYSTORY"
+msgid "REPOSITORY"
+msgstr "HISTORIK"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:271
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "change password in <_:replaceable-1/> repository"
+msgstr "ändra lösenord i förrådet <replaceable>FÖRRÅD</replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:291
+msgid "--status"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:294
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Display account status information. The status information consists of 7 "
+#| "fields. The first field is the user's login name. The second field "
+#| "indicates if the user account is locked (L), has no password (NP), or has "
+#| "a usable password (P). The third field gives the date of the last "
+#| "password change. The next four fields are the minimum age, maximum age, "
+#| "warning period, and inactivity period for the password. These ages are "
+#| "expressed in days."
+msgid ""
+"Display account status information. The status information consists of 7 "
+"fields. The first field is the user's login name. The second field indicates "
+"if the user account has a locked password (L), has no password (NP), or has "
+"a usable password (P). The third field gives the date of the last password "
+"change. The next four fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning "
+"period, and inactivity period for the password. These ages are expressed in "
+"days."
+msgstr ""
+"Visa statusinformation för konto. Statusinformationen innehåller 7 fält. "
+"Första fältet är användarens inloggningsnamn. Det andra fältet indikerar om "
+"användarkontot är låst (L), saknar lösenord (NP) eller har ett användbart "
+"lösenord (P). Det tredje fältet anger datumet för senaste "
+"lösenordsändringen. De nästa fyra fälten är minimal ålder, maximal ålder, "
+"varningsperiod och inaktivitetsperiod för lösenordet. Dessa åldrar anges i "
+"dagar."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:309 usermod.8.xml.out:405
+msgid "--unlock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:312
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Unlock the password of the named account. This option re-enables a password "
+"by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before "
+"using the <_:option-1/> option)."
+msgstr ""
+"Lås upp angivet konto. Denna flagga återaktiverar ett konto genom att ändra "
+"tillbaka lösenordet till dess tidigare värde (till värdet före användning av "
+"flaggan <option>-l</option>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:325
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. "
+#| "The <replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable> option is the number of days "
+#| "prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their "
+#| "password is about to expire."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The "
+"<_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password "
+"expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"Sätter antalet dagar för varning före ett lösenord behöver ändras. Flaggan "
+"<replaceable>VARN_DAGAR</replaceable> är antalet dagar före användaren "
+"varnas om att lösenordet är på väg att bli utgånget."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-x"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:338
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>, the password is required to be "
+#| "changed."
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>, the password is required to be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"Sätter maximalt antal dagar som ett lösenord ska vara giltigt. Efter "
+"<replaceable>MAX_DAGAR</replaceable> krävs det att lösenordet ändras."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:355
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Not all options may be supported. Password complexity checking may vary "
+#| "from site to site. The user is urged to select a password as complex as "
+#| "he or she feels comfortable with. Users may not be able to change their "
+#| "password on a system if NIS is enabled and they are not logged into the "
+#| "NIS server."
+msgid ""
+"Password complexity checking may vary from site to site. The user is urged "
+"to select a password as complex as he or she feels comfortable with."
+msgstr ""
+"Inte alla flaggor kanske stöds. Kontroll av lösenordskomplexiteten kan "
+"variera mellan olika system. Användare rekommenderas att välja ett lösenord "
+"som är så komplext som han eller hon känner sig komfortabel med. Användare "
+"kanske inte kan ändra sina lösenord på ett system om NIS är aktiverat och de "
+"inte är inloggade mot NIS-servern."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:360
+msgid ""
+"Users may not be able to change their password on a system if NIS is enabled "
+"and they are not logged into the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:365
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> uses PAM to authenticate users and to change their passwords."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:411
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/passwd"
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/passwd"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:439
+msgid "invalid combination of options"
+msgstr "ogiltig kombination av flaggor"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:445
+msgid "unexpected failure, nothing done"
+msgstr "oväntat fel, ingenting har genomförts"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:451
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "unexpected failure, <filename>passwd</filename> file missing"
+msgid "unexpected failure, <_:filename-1/> file missing"
+msgstr "oväntat fel, filen <filename>passwd</filename> saknas"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:457
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<filename>passwd</filename> file busy, try again"
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> file busy, try again"
+msgstr "Filen <filename>passwd</filename> är upptagen, försök igen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:472
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:phrase-4/> "
+"<_:citerefentry-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "the password file"
+msgstr "lösenordsfilen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:49 shadow.5.xml.out:59
+msgid ":"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> contains one line for each user account, "
+#| "with seven fields delimited by colons (<quote>:</quote>). These fields "
+#| "are:"
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> contains one line for each user account, with seven fields "
+"delimited by colons (<_:quote-2/>). These fields are:"
+msgstr ""
+"<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> innehåller en rad för varje användarkonto "
+"men sju fält separerade med kolontecken (<quote>:</quote>). Dessa fält är:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:54 shadow.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "login name"
+msgstr "inloggningsnamn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:57
+msgid "optional encrypted password"
+msgstr "valfritt krypterat lösenord"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "numerical user ID"
+msgstr "numeriskt användar-id"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "numerical group ID"
+msgstr "numeriskt grupp-id"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "user name or comment field"
+msgstr "användarnamn eller kommentarsfält"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:69
+msgid "user home directory"
+msgstr "användarens hemkatalog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "optional user command interpreter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:78
+msgid "x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "must"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:emphasis-1/> field is a lower-case <_:quote-2/>, then the "
+"encrypted password is actually stored in the <_:citerefentry-3/> file "
+"instead; there <_:emphasis-4/> be a corresponding line in the <_:filename-5/"
+"> file, or else the user account is invalid."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:90
+msgid "any"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:85
+msgid ""
+"The encrypted <_:emphasis-1/> field may be empty, in which case no password "
+"is required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some "
+"applications which read the <_:filename-2/> file may decide not to permit <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> access at all if the <_:emphasis-4/> field is blank."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:94
+msgid ""
+"A <_:emphasis-1/> field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the "
+"password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> field before the password was locked."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:107 shadow.5.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a "
+"unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)."
+msgstr ""
+"Referera till <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> för detaljer om hur "
+"denna sträng tolkas."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system "
+"utilities, such as <_:citerefentry-1/>. The use of an ampersand here will be "
+"replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed "
+"by such system utilities."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:123
+msgid ""
+"The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory. "
+"The <_:command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:"
+"envar-2/> environmental variable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:134 sg.1.xml.out:61 su.1.xml.out:190
+msgid "/bin/sh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:129
+msgid ""
+"The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command "
+"language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The <_:"
+"command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:envar-2/"
+"> environmental variable. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value "
+"<_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:150
+msgid "optional encrypted password file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:154
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/passwd"
+msgid "/etc/passwd-"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:156
+msgid "Backup file for /etc/passwd."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:157 shadow.5.xml.out:249
+msgid ""
+"Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by "
+"all user and password management tools."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:173
+msgid "getent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:176
+msgid "getpwnam"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:168
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-10/>, <_:citerefentry-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:33 porttime.5.xml.out:40 porttime.5.xml.out:47
+msgid "porttime"
+msgstr "porttime"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "port access time file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis remap=\"I\">porttime</emphasis> contains a list of tty devices, "
+#| "user names, and permitted login times."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted "
+"login times."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">porttime</emphasis> innehåller en lista av tty-"
+"enheter, användarnamn och tillåtna inloggningstider."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:51
+msgid ""
+"Each entry consists of three colon separated fields. The first field is a "
+"comma separated list of tty devices, or an asterisk to indicate that all tty "
+"devices are matched by this entry. The second field is a comma separated "
+"list of user names, or an asterisk to indicated that all user names are "
+"matched by this entry. The third field is a comma separated list of "
+"permitted access times."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:62
+msgid "Su"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:62
+msgid "Mo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "Tu"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "We"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "Th"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "Fr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:65
+msgid "Sa"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "Wk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:67 porttime.5.xml.out:68
+msgid "Al"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:60
+msgid ""
+"Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, "
+"abbreviated <_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/"
+">, <_:emphasis-5/>, <_:emphasis-6/>, and <_:emphasis-7/>, followed by a pair "
+"of times separated by a hyphen. The abbreviation <_:emphasis-8/> may be used "
+"to represent Monday thru Friday, and <_:emphasis-9/> may be used to indicate "
+"every day. If no days are given, <_:emphasis-10/> is assumed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:74
+msgid "EXAMPLES"
+msgstr "EXEMPEL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:77
+msgid "jfh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following entry allows access to user <emphasis remap=\"B\">jfh</"
+#| "emphasis> on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm."
+msgid ""
+"The following entry allows access to user <_:emphasis-1/> on every port "
+"during weekdays from 9am to 5pm."
+msgstr ""
+"Följande post tillåter åtkomst för användaren <emphasis remap=\"B\">jfh</"
+"emphasis> på varje port under veckodagar från 09.00 till 17.00."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700"
+msgstr "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "oper"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:86
+msgid "/dev/console"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:83
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following entries allow access only to the users <emphasis>root</"
+#| "emphasis> and <emphasis>oper</emphasis> on <filename>/dev/console</"
+#| "filename> at any time. This illustrates how the <filename>/etc/porttime</"
+#| "filename> file is an ordered list of access times. Any other user would "
+#| "match the second entry which does not permit access at any time."
+msgid ""
+"The following entries allow access only to the users <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> on <_:filename-3/> at any time. This illustrates how the <_:"
+"filename-4/> file is an ordered list of access times. Any other user would "
+"match the second entry which does not permit access at any time."
+msgstr ""
+"De följande posterna tillåter åtkomst endast till användarna <emphasis>root</"
+"emphasis> och <emphasis>oper</emphasis> på <filename>/dev/console</filename> "
+"när som helst. Detta illustrerar hur filen <filename>/etc/porttime</"
+"filename> är en ordnad lista för åtkomsttider. Alla andra användare skulle "
+"matcha den andra poster, vilken inte tillåter någon åtkomst oavsett tid."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      console:root,oper:Al0000-2400\n"
+#| "      console:*:\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "console:root,oper:Al0000-2400 console:*:"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      console:root,oper:Al0000-2400\n"
+"      console:*:\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:99
+msgid "games"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:97
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following entry allows access for the user <emphasis>games</emphasis> "
+#| "on any port during non-working hours."
+msgid ""
+"The following entry allows access for the user <_:emphasis-1/> on any port "
+"during non-working hours."
+msgstr ""
+"Fölajnde post tillåter åtkomst för användaren <emphasis>games</emphasis> på "
+"valfri port men inte under arbetstid."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:102
+msgid "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400"
+msgstr "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:48
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "verify integrity of password files"
+msgid "verify the integrity of password files"
+msgstr "validera integriteten för lösenordsfiler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "PASSWORDFILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:61 pwck.8.xml.out:106
+msgid "SHADOWFILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:75 pwck.8.xml.out:226
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/motd"
+msgid "/etc/tcb"
+msgstr "/etc/motd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>, when <_:option-2/> is enabled)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:70
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the users and "
+"authentication information. It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> "
+"and <_:filename-3/> <_:phrase-4/> have the proper format and contain valid "
+"data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted "
+"or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:88
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "a unique user name"
+msgid "a unique and valid user name"
+msgstr "ett unikt användarnamn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:91
+msgid "a valid user and group identifier"
+msgstr "en giltig identifierare för användare och grupp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "a valid primary group"
+msgstr "en giltig primär grupp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:97
+msgid "a valid home directory"
+msgstr "en giltig hemkatalog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:100
+msgid "a valid login shell"
+msgstr "ett giltigt inloggningsskal"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:104
+msgid ""
+"Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file "
+"parameter <_:replaceable-1/> is specified or when <_:filename-2/> exists on "
+"the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:109
+msgid "These checks are the following:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"every passwd entry has a matching shadow entry, and every shadow entry has a "
+"matching passwd entry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "passwords are specified in the shadowed file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:123
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "the correct number of fields"
+msgid "shadow entries have the correct number of fields"
+msgstr "korrekt antal fält"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "shadow entries are unique in shadow"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "days before password may be changed"
+msgid "the last password changes are not in the future"
+msgstr "dagar innan lösenordet får ändras"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal. If "
+"the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to "
+"delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all "
+"further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated user name is "
+"prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All "
+"other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/"
+"> command to correct the error."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:144
+msgid ""
+"The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> file are not able to alter "
+"corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-2/> should be used in those "
+"circumstances to remove the offending entry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:181
+msgid ""
+"Report errors only. The warnings which do not require any action from the "
+"user won't be displayed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:190
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Execute the <command>pwck</command> command in read-only mode."
+msgid "Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode."
+msgstr "Starta kommandot <command>pwck</command> i skrivskyddat läge."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Sort entries in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/"
+#| "shadow</filename> by UID."
+msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> by UID."
+msgstr ""
+"Sorterar poster i <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> och <filename>/etc/"
+"shadow</filename> efter UID."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:215
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+msgid "This option has no effect when <_:option-1/> is enabled."
+msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:225
+msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:222
+msgid ""
+"By default, <_:command-1/> operates on the files <_:filename-2/> and <_:"
+"filename-3/><_:phrase-4/>. The user may select alternate files with the <_:"
+"replaceable-5/> and <_:replaceable-6/> parameters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:231
+msgid ""
+"Note that when <_:option-1/> is enabled, you cannot specify an alternative "
+"<_:replaceable-2/> file. In future releases, this parameter could be "
+"replaced by an alternate TCB directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:301
+msgid "one or more bad password entries"
+msgstr "en eller flera felaktiga lösenordsposter"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:307
+msgid "can't open password files"
+msgstr "kan inte öppna lösenordsfiler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:313
+msgid "can't lock password files"
+msgstr "kan inte låsa lösenordsfiler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:319
+msgid "can't update password files"
+msgstr "kan inte uppdatera lösenordsfiler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:325
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "can't open password files"
+msgid "can't sort password files"
+msgstr "kan inte öppna lösenordsfiler"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:50
+msgid "convert to and from shadow passwords and groups"
+msgstr "konvertera till och från skugglösenord och grupper"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:82 pwconv.8.xml.out:112
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:emphasis-2/> from <_:emphasis-3/> and "
+"an optionally existing <_:emphasis-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:93 pwconv.8.xml.out:251
+msgid "tcb_convert"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:87
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. To convert to tcb "
+"passwords, you should first use <_:command-3/> to convert to shadowed "
+"passwords by disabling <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> and then convert to "
+"tcb password using <_:command-6/> (and re-enable <_:option-7/> in <_:"
+"filename-8/>.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:97 pwconv.8.xml.out:118
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:emphasis-2/> from <_:emphasis-3/> and "
+"<_:emphasis-4/> and then removes <_:emphasis-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:106 pwconv.8.xml.out:254
+msgid "tcb_unconvert"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:103
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. You should first "
+"switch back from tcb to shadowed passwords using <_:command-3/>, and then "
+"disable <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> before using <_:command-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:125
+msgid ""
+"These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group "
+"files: <_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>, <_:filename-3/>, and <_:filename-4/"
+">."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. <_:command-1/> "
+"and <_:command-2/> are similar. First, entries in the shadowed file which "
+"don't exist in the main file are removed. Then, shadowed entries which don't "
+"have `x' as the password in the main file are updated. Any missing shadowed "
+"entries are added. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with "
+"`x'. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the "
+"shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:143
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will use the values of <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and "
+"<_:emphasis-4/> from <_:filename-5/> when adding new entries to <_:"
+"filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:152
+msgid ""
+"Likewise <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> are similar. Passwords in the "
+"main file are updated from the shadowed file. Entries which exist in the "
+"main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone. Finally, the shadowed "
+"file is removed. Some password aging information is lost by <_:command-3/>. "
+"It will convert what it can."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:164
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The options which apply to the <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</"
+#| "command> commands are:"
+msgid ""
+"The options which apply to the <_:command-1/>, <_:command-2/>, <_:command-3/"
+">, and <_:command-4/> commands are:"
+msgstr ""
+"Flaggorna som gäller för kommandona <command>vipw</command> och "
+"<command>vigr</command> är:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:194
+msgid ""
+"Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) "
+"may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways. "
+"Please run <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> to correct any such errors "
+"before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:205
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variable in <_:filename-1/> changes the behavior "
+"of <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/>:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:213
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior "
+"of <_:command-2/>:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:249
+msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:240
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/><_:phrase-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:35
+msgid "Library Calls"
+msgstr "Biblioteksanrop"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:41 shadow.3.xml.out:160
+msgid "getspnam"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:42
+msgid "encrypted password file routines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:46
+msgid "SYNTAX"
+msgstr "SYNTAX"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:48
+msgid "#include &lt;shadow.h&gt;"
+msgstr "#include &lt;shadow.h&gt;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:52
+msgid "struct spwd *getspent();"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:56
+msgid "struct spwd *getspnam(char"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspnam(char"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:57
+msgid "*name"
+msgstr "*name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:57 shadow.3.xml.out:70 shadow.3.xml.out:75
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:81
+msgid ");"
+msgstr ");"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:61
+msgid "void setspent();"
+msgstr "void setspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:65
+msgid "void endspent();"
+msgstr "void endspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:69
+msgid "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE"
+msgstr "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:70 shadow.3.xml.out:81
+msgid "*fp"
+msgstr "*fp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:74
+msgid "struct spwd *sgetspent(char"
+msgstr "struct spwd *sgetspent(char"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:75
+msgid "*cp"
+msgstr "*cp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:79
+msgid "int putspent(struct spwd"
+msgstr "int putspent(struct spwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:80
+msgid "*p,"
+msgstr "*p,"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:80
+msgid "FILE"
+msgstr "FIL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:85
+msgid "int lckpwdf();"
+msgstr "int lckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:89
+msgid "int ulckpwdf();"
+msgstr "int ulckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:98
+msgid "#include"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:95
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> manipulates the contents of the shadow password file, <_:"
+"filename-2/>. The structure in the <_:emphasis-3/> file is:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"struct spwd { char *sp_namp; /* user login name */ char *sp_pwdp; /* "
+"encrypted password */ long int sp_lstchg; /* last password change */ long "
+"int sp_min; /* days until change allowed. */ long int sp_max; /* days before "
+"change required */ long int sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */ long "
+"int sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */ long int sp_expire; /* date "
+"when account expires */ unsigned long int sp_flag; /* reserved for future "
+"use */ }"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:112
+msgid "The meanings of each field are:"
+msgstr "Betydelsen av varje fält är:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:115
+msgid "sp_namp - pointer to null-terminated user name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:118
+msgid "sp_pwdp - pointer to null-terminated password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:121
+msgid "sp_lstchg - days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:124
+msgid "sp_min - days before which password may not be changed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:127
+msgid "sp_max - days after which password must be changed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:130
+msgid ""
+"sp_warn - days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending "
+"password expiration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"sp_inact - days after password expires that account is considered inactive "
+"and disabled"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:140
+msgid "sp_expire - days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:143
+msgid "sp_flag - reserved for future use"
+msgstr "sp_flag - reserverat för framtida användning"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:152 shadow.3.xml.out:155
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "getspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "getspname"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:153 shadow.3.xml.out:156
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "fgetspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:153 shadow.3.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "sgetspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:154 shadow.3.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "struct spwd *getspent();"
+msgid "struct spwd"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:161
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "*name"
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "*name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:151
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and <_:emphasis-4/> each "
+"return a pointer to a <_:emphasis-5/>. <_:emphasis-6/> returns the next "
+"entry from the file, and <_:emphasis-7/> returns the next entry from the "
+"given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format. <_:"
+"emphasis-8/> returns a pointer to a <_:emphasis-9/> using the provided "
+"string as input. <_:emphasis-10/> searches from the current position in the "
+"file for an entry matching <_:emphasis-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "void setspent();"
+msgid "setspent"
+msgstr "void setspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "void endspent();"
+msgid "endspent"
+msgstr "void endspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:164
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> may be used to begin and end, "
+"respectively, access to the shadow password file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:171 shadow.3.xml.out:173 shadow.3.xml.out:178
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "int lckpwdf();"
+msgid "lckpwdf"
+msgstr "int lckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:171
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "int ulckpwdf();"
+msgid "ulckpwdf"
+msgstr "int ulckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:174
+msgid "pw_lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:176
+msgid "spw_lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:170
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> routines should be used to insure "
+"exclusive access to the <_:filename-3/> file. <_:emphasis-4/> attempts to "
+"acquire a lock using <_:emphasis-5/> for up to 15 seconds. It continues by "
+"attempting to acquire a second lock using <_:emphasis-6/> for the remainder "
+"of the initial 15 seconds. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 "
+"seconds, <_:emphasis-7/> returns -1. When both locks are acquired 0 is "
+"returned."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:184 suauth.5.xml.out:189
+msgid "DIAGNOSTICS"
+msgstr "DIAGNOSTIK"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:187
+msgid "int"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:185
+msgid ""
+"Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs "
+"during processing. Routines which have <_:emphasis-1/> as the return value "
+"return 0 for success and -1 for failure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"These routines may only be used by the superuser as access to the shadow "
+"password file is restricted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:217
+msgid "getpwent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:41
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "the password file"
+msgid "shadowed password file"
+msgstr "lösenordsfilen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> contains the shadowed information for "
+#| "group accounts. It contains lines with the following colon-separated "
+#| "fields:"
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> is a file which contains the password information for the "
+"system's accounts and optional aging information."
+msgstr ""
+"<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> innehåller skuggad gruppkontoinformation. "
+"Den innehåller rader med följande kolonseparerade fält:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (<_:quote-1/"
+">), in the following order:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "It must be a valid account name, which exist on the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:74
+msgid ""
+"This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to "
+"authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications which "
+"read the <_:filename-1/> file may decide not to permit any access at all if "
+"the password field is empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:103
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "days before password may be changed"
+msgid "date of last password change"
+msgstr "dagar innan lösenordet får ändras"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:106
+msgid ""
+"The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since "
+"Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:110
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her "
+"password the next time she will log in the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:115
+msgid "An empty field means that password aging features are disabled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:122
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Password Changes"
+msgid "minimum password age"
+msgstr "Lösenordsändringar"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"The minimum password age is the number of days the user will have to wait "
+"before she will be allowed to change her password again."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:129
+msgid "An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:136
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Password Changes"
+msgid "maximum password age"
+msgstr "Lösenordsändringar"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"The maximum password age is the number of days after which the user will "
+"have to change her password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:142
+msgid ""
+"After this number of days is elapsed, the password may still be valid. The "
+"user should be asked to change her password the next time she will log in."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:147
+msgid ""
+"An empty field means that there are no maximum password age, no password "
+"warning period, and no password inactivity period (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:152
+msgid ""
+"If the maximum password age is lower than the minimum password age, the user "
+"cannot change her password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:160
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Password Changes"
+msgid "password warning period"
+msgstr "Lösenordsändringar"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:163
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The number of days after a password has expired before the account will "
+#| "be disabled."
+msgid ""
+"The number of days before a password is going to expire (see the maximum "
+"password age above) during which the user should be warned."
+msgstr ""
+"Antalet dagar efter att ett lösenord har gått ut innan kontot kommer att "
+"inaktiveras."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:168
+msgid ""
+"An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no password warning period."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:176
+msgid "password inactivity period"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:179
+msgid ""
+"The number of days after a password has expired (see the maximum password "
+"age above) during which the password should still be accepted (and the user "
+"should update her password during the next login)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:185
+msgid ""
+"After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no "
+"login is possible for the user. The user should contact her administrator."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:190
+msgid ""
+"An empty field means that there are no enforcement of an inactivity period."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:198
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "User account information."
+msgid "account expiration date"
+msgstr "Användarkontoinformation."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:201
+msgid ""
+"The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since "
+"Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:205
+msgid ""
+"Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration. In case "
+"of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login. In case of "
+"a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:211
+msgid "An empty field means that the account will never expire."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:214
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 should not be used as it is interpreted as either an account "
+"with no expiration, or as an expiration on Jan 1, 1970."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:222
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "a reserved field"
+msgid "reserved field"
+msgstr "ett reserverat fält"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:224
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "sp_flag - reserved for future use"
+msgid "This field is reserved for future use."
+msgstr "sp_flag - reserverat för framtida användning"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:246
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/shadow"
+msgid "/etc/shadow-"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:248
+msgid "Backup file for /etc/shadow."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: sg.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "execute command as different group ID"
+msgstr "kör kommando med annat grupp-id"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: sg.1.xml.out:49
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group <placeholder-1/> command"
+msgid "group <_:arg-1/> command"
+msgstr "grupp <placeholder-1/> kommando"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: sg.1.xml.out:58
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command works similar to <_:command-2/> but accepts a "
+"command. The command will be executed with the <_:filename-3/> shell. With "
+"most shells you may run <_:command-4/> from, you need to enclose multi-word "
+"commands in quotes. Another difference between <_:command-5/> and <_:"
+"command-6/> is that some shells treat <_:command-7/> specially, replacing "
+"themselves with a new instance of a shell that <_:command-8/> creates. This "
+"doesn't happen with <_:command-9/>, so upon exit from a <_:command-10/> "
+"command you are returned to your previous group ID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: su.1.xml.out:58
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "change user ID or become superuser"
+msgstr "ändra användar-id eller bli superanvändare"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:72
+msgid "args"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:80
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to become another user during a login "
+"session. Invoked without a <_:option-2/>, <_:command-3/> defaults to "
+"becoming the superuser. The <_:option-4/> option may be used to provide an "
+"environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in "
+"directly. The <_:option-5/> option may be used to treat the next argument as "
+"a command by most shells."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>su</command> används för att bli en annan användare under en "
+"inloggningssession. Om det startas utan <option>användarnamn</option>, "
+"väljer <command>su</command> superanvändaren. Det valfria argumentet "
+"<option>-</option> kan användas för att tillhandahålla en miljö som liknar "
+"den som användaren skulle förvänta sig om användaren hade loggat in direkt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:92 su.1.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "--"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:90
+msgid ""
+"Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list. You can use the <_:"
+"option-1/> argument to stop option parsing. The <_:option-2/> option is "
+"special: it is also recognized after <_:option-3/>, but has to be placed "
+"before <_:option-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:98
+msgid ""
+"The user will be prompted for a password, if appropriate. Invalid passwords "
+"will produce an error message. All attempts, both valid and invalid, are "
+"logged to detect abuse of the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Användaren kommer att frågas efter ett lösenord, om det är lämpligt. "
+"Ogiltiga lösenord kommer att ge ett felmeddelande. Alla försök, både giltiga "
+"och ogiltiga, loggas för att detektera misskötsel av systemet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: su.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "/bin:/usr/bin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: su.1.xml.out:106
+msgid "/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:108 su.1.xml.out:220
+msgid "ENV_PATH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:108 su.1.xml.out:221
+msgid "ENV_SUPATH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:103
+msgid ""
+"The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of <_:envar-1/"
+"> is reset to <_:filename-2/> for normal users, or <_:filename-3/> for the "
+"superuser. This may be changed with the <_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/> "
+"definitions in <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+msgid "--command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+msgid "COMMAND"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its <option>-c</"
+#| "option>."
+msgid ""
+"Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its <_:option-1/>."
+msgstr "Ange ett kommando som ska startas av skalet med <option>-c</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"The executed command will have no controlling terminal. This option cannot "
+"be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:156 su.1.xml.out:256 su.1.xml.out:263
+#: su.1.xml.out:273 su.1.xml.out:286 usermod.8.xml.out:217
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "--login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: su.1.xml.out:143 su.1.xml.out:206
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>"
+msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:147
+msgid ""
+"Provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user "
+"logged in directly."
+msgstr ""
+"Tillhandahåll en miljö som liknar den som användaren skulle förvänta sig om "
+"användaren loggat in direkt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:151
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When <option>-</option> is used, it must be specified as the last "
+#| "<command>su</command> option. The other forms (<option>-l</option> and "
+#| "<option>--login</option>) do not have this restriction."
+msgid ""
+"When <_:option-1/> is used, it must be specified before any <_:option-2/>. "
+"For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any <_:"
+"option-3/>. The other forms (<_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/>) do not have "
+"this restriction."
+msgstr ""
+"När <option>-</option> används måste den anges som den sista flaggan för "
+"<command>su</command>. De andra formerna (<option>-l</option> och <option>--"
+"login</option>) har inte denna restriktion."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:166
+msgid "The shell that will be invoked."
+msgstr "Skalet som ska startas."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:174
+msgid "The shell specified with --shell."
+msgstr "Skalet angivet med --shell."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:178 su.1.xml.out:208
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Preserve environment."
+msgid "--preserve-environment"
+msgstr "Behåll miljö."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:177
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--preserve-environment</option> is used, the shell specified "
+#| "by the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environment variable."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the shell specified by the <_:envar-2/> "
+"environment variable."
+msgstr ""
+"Om <option>--preserve-environment</option> används, anges skalet med "
+"miljövariabeln <envar>$SHELL</envar>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:184
+msgid "The shell indicated in the <_:filename-1/> entry for the target user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:190
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/bin/sh</filename> if a shell could not be found by any above "
+#| "method."
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> if a shell could not be found by any above method."
+msgstr ""
+"<filename>/bin/sh</filename> om ett skal inte kunde hittas med någon "
+"ovanstående metod."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:167
+msgid ""
+"The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): <_:variablelist-1/"
+">"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of this "
+"user's entry in <_:filename-1/> is not listed in <_:filename-2/>), then the "
+"<_:option-3/> option or the <_:envar-4/> environment variable won't be taken "
+"into account, unless <_:command-5/> is called by root."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:217
+msgid ""
+"reset according to the <_:filename-1/> options <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/"
+"> (see below);"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/envar
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:226 su.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "$IFS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: su.1.xml.out:230
+msgid "&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:228
+msgid "reset to <_:quote-1/>, if it was set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Preserve the current environment."
+msgid "Preserve the current environment, except for: <_:variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr "Behåll den aktuella miljön."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:237
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect "
+#| "(unless <command>su</command> is called by root)."
+msgid ""
+"If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless "
+"<_:command-1/> is called by root)."
+msgstr ""
+"Om målanvändaren har ett begränsat skal har denna flagga ingen effekt "
+"(såvida inte <command>su</command> har startats av root)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:248
+msgid "$USER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:246
+msgid ""
+"The <_:envar-1/>, <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, <_:envar-5/>, "
+"and <_:envar-6/> environment variables are reset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:255
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is not used, the environment is copied, except for the "
+"variables above."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:264
+msgid "$COLORTERM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:265
+msgid "$DISPLAY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:266
+msgid "$XAUTHORITY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:262
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, and "
+"<_:envar-5/> environment variables are copied if they were set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:274
+msgid "$TZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:274
+msgid "$HZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:279
+msgid "ENV_HZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:279 userdel.8.xml.out:116
+msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgstr "MAIL_DIR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:280
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgid "MAIL_FILE"
+msgstr "MAIL_DIR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:272
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, and <_:envar-4/> "
+"environment variables are set according to the <_:filename-5/> options <_:"
+"option-6/>, <_:option-7/>, <_:option-8/>, and <_:option-9/> (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:288
+msgid "ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:285
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, other environment variables might be set by the <_:"
+"option-2/> file (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:293
+msgid "Other environments might be set by PAM modules."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:241
+msgid ""
+"Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: <_:"
+"variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:367
+msgid ""
+"On success, <_:command-1/> returns the exit value of the command it executed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:371
+msgid ""
+"If this command was terminated by a signal, <_:command-1/> returns the "
+"number of this signal plus 128."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:375
+msgid ""
+"If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the "
+"command did not terminate in time), <_:command-1/> returns 255."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:387
+msgid "success (<_:option-1/> only)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:393
+msgid "System or authentication failure"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:397
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "12"
+msgid "126"
+msgstr "12"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:399
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "execute command as different group ID"
+msgid "The requested command was not found"
+msgstr "kör kommando med annat grupp-id"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:403
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "12"
+msgid "127"
+msgstr "12"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:405
+msgid "The requested command could not be executed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:380
+msgid ""
+"Some exit values from <_:command-1/> are independent from the executed "
+"command: <_:variablelist-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:414
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#| "citerefentry>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:33 suauth.5.xml.out:40
+msgid "suauth"
+msgstr "suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "detailed su control file"
+msgstr "detaljerad kontrollfil för su"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:46 suauth.5.xml.out:53 suauth.5.xml.out:172
+msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:52
+msgid ""
+"The file <_:filename-1/> is referenced whenever the su command is called. It "
+"can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:59
+msgid "1) the user su is targeting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:63
+msgid ""
+"2) the user executing the su command (or any groups he might be a member of)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:68
+msgid ""
+"The file is formatted like this, with lines starting with a # being treated "
+"as comment lines and ignored;"
+msgstr ""
+"Filen är i följande format, med de rader som inleds med # behandlas som "
+"kommentarsrader och ignoreras;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:73
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      to-id:from-id:ACTION\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "to-id:from-id:ACTION"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      till-id:från-id:ÅTGÄRD\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "ALL EXCEPT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:77
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Where to-id is either the word <emphasis>ALL</emphasis>, a list of "
+#| "usernames delimited by \",\" or the words <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT</emphasis> "
+#| "followed by a list of usernames delimited by \",\""
+msgid ""
+"Where to-id is either the word <_:emphasis-1/>, a list of usernames "
+"delimited by \",\" or the words <_:emphasis-2/> followed by a list of "
+"usernames delimited by \",\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Där till-id är antingen ordet <emphasis>ALL</emphasis>, en lista med "
+"användarnamn separerade med \",\" eller orden <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT</"
+"emphasis> följt av en lista med användarnamn separerade med \",\""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "ALL EXCEPT GROUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:83
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word "
+#| "<emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> is recognised. <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT GROUP</"
+#| "emphasis> is perfectly valid too. Following <emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> "
+#| "appears one or more group names, delimited by \",\". It is not sufficient "
+#| "to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>/etc/group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> is neccessary."
+msgid ""
+"from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word <_:emphasis-1/> "
+"is recognized. <_:emphasis-2/> is perfectly valid too. Following <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> appears one or more group names, delimited by \",\". It is not "
+"sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/> is necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"från-id är formaterad på samma sätt som till-id förutom att det extra ordet "
+"<emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> känns igen. <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT GROUP</emphasis> "
+"är helt giltigt också. Efterföljande till <emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> kan "
+"vara ett eller flera gruppnamn, separerade med \",\". Det är inte "
+"tillräckligt att ha primärt grupp-id för den relevanta gruppen, en post i "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>/etc/group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+"manvolnum></citerefentry> är nödvändigt."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:94
+msgid "Action can be one only of the following currently supported options."
+msgstr "Åtgärden kan endast vara en av följande för närvarande stödda flaggor."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:100
+msgid "DENY"
+msgstr "DENY"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:103
+msgid "The attempt to su is stopped before a password is even asked for."
+msgstr "Försöket att använda su stoppades före ett lösenord har efterfrågats."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "NOPASS"
+msgstr "NOPASS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:113
+msgid ""
+"The attempt to su is automatically successful; no password is asked for."
+msgstr ""
+"Försöket att använda su lyckades helt automatiskt; inget lösenord har "
+"efterfrågats."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:121
+msgid "OWNPASS"
+msgstr "OWNPASS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"For the su command to be successful, the user must enter his or her own "
+"password. They are told this."
+msgstr ""
+"För att su-kommandot ska lyckas måste användaren mata in sitt egna lösenord. "
+"De blir frågade att göra detta."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"Note there are three separate fields delimited by a colon. No whitespace "
+"must surround this colon. Also note that the file is examined sequentially "
+"line by line, and the first applicable rule is used without examining the "
+"file further. This makes it possible for a system administrator to exercise "
+"as fine control as he or she wishes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:142
+msgid "EXAMPLE"
+msgstr "EXEMPEL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:143
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      # sample /etc/suauth file\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      # A couple of privileged usernames may\n"
+#| "      # su to root with their own password.\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      # Anyone else may not su to root unless in\n"
+#| "      # group wheel. This is how BSD does things.\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts\n"
+#| "      # owned by the same person.\n"
+#| "      # Access can be arranged between them\n"
+#| "      # with no password.\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      terry:birddog:NOPASS\n"
+#| "      birddog:terry:NOPASS\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid ""
+"# sample /etc/suauth file # # A couple of privileged usernames may # su to "
+"root with their own password. # root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS # # Anyone else "
+"may not su to root unless in # group wheel. This is how BSD does things. # "
+"root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY # # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts "
+"# owned by the same person. # Access can be arranged between them # with no "
+"password. # terry:birddog:NOPASS birddog:terry:NOPASS #"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      # exempelfil för /etc/suauth\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      # Ett par priviligerade användarnamn som \n"
+"      # kan su till root med sina egna lösenord.\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      root:bosse,birddog:OWNPASS\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      # Alla andra kan inte su till root om de inte finns\n"
+"      # gruppen wheel. Det är så BSD gör saker.\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      # Kanske terry och birddog är konton som\n"
+"      # ägs av samma person.\n"
+"      # Tillgång kan ges mellan dem utan\n"
+"      # lösenord.\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      terry:birddog:NOPASS\n"
+"      birddog:terry:NOPASS\n"
+"      #\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:180
+msgid ""
+"There could be plenty lurking. The file parser is particularly unforgiving "
+"about syntax errors, expecting no spurious whitespace (apart from beginning "
+"and end of lines), and a specific token delimiting different things."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:192
+msgid "syslogd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:190
+msgid ""
+"An error parsing the file is reported using <_:citerefentry-1/> as level ERR "
+"on facility AUTH."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:60
+msgid "create a new user or update default new user information"
+msgstr ""
+"skapa en ny användare eller uppdatera standardinformation för nya användare"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:72 useradd.8.xml.out:76 useradd.8.xml.out:86
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:169 useradd.8.xml.out:583 useradd.8.xml.out:585
+msgid "-D"
+msgstr "-D"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:85
+msgid ""
+"When invoked without the <_:option-1/> option, the <_:command-2/> command "
+"creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line "
+"plus the default values from the system. Depending on command line options, "
+"the <_:command-3/> command will update system files and may also create the "
+"new user's home directory and copy initial files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:94
+msgid ""
+"By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see <_:option-1/"
+">, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, and <_:option-4/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:592
+msgid "--base-dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:124 useradd.8.xml.out:159
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:592 useradd.8.xml.out:598
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgid "BASE_DIR"
+msgstr "MAIL_DIR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:123 useradd.8.xml.out:151 useradd.8.xml.out:156
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:161 usermod.8.xml.out:112
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgid "HOME_DIR"
+msgstr "MAIL_DIR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:121
+msgid ""
+"The default base directory for the system if <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/"
+"> is not specified. <_:replaceable-3/> is concatenated with the account name "
+"to define the home directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:131 useradd.8.xml.out:603
+msgid "HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:189 useradd.8.xml.out:212
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:250 useradd.8.xml.out:293 useradd.8.xml.out:343
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:393 useradd.8.xml.out:523 useradd.8.xml.out:604
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:616 useradd.8.xml.out:633 useradd.8.xml.out:649
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:663 useradd.8.xml.out:677 useradd.8.xml.out:767
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:419
+msgid "/etc/default/useradd"
+msgstr "/etc/default/useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "home_ph"
+msgid "/home"
+msgstr "hemtelefon"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:128
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the base directory "
+"specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or <_:filename-4/"
+"> by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "--comment"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "COMMENT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:142
+msgid ""
+"Any text string. It is generally a short description of the account, and is "
+"currently used as the field for the user's full name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "--home-dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:154
+msgid ""
+"The new user will be created using <_:replaceable-1/> as the value for the "
+"user's login directory. The default is to append the <_:replaceable-2/> name "
+"to <_:replaceable-3/> and use that as the login directory name. If the "
+"directory <_:replaceable-4/> does not exist, then it will be created unless "
+"the <_:option-5/> option is specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:169
+msgid "--defaults"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:172
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "See below, the subsection \"Changing the default values\"."
+msgstr "Ändrar standardvärden"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:184 usermod.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "YYYY-MM-DD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:182
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The date on which the user account is disabled."
+msgid ""
+"The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified "
+"in the format <_:emphasis-1/>."
+msgstr "Datumet när användarkontot blir inaktiverat."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:188 useradd.8.xml.out:615 usermod.8.xml.out:418
+msgid "EXPIRE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:186
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the default expiry date specified "
+"by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or an empty string (no "
+"expiry) by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:199
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where "
+"the user is expected to replace this password. The value is stored in the "
+"shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no "
+"delay. An input of -1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password "
+"file. See <_:citerefentry-1/>for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:208
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the default inactivity period "
+"specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or -1 by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:218 useradd.8.xml.out:482
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-F"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:218
+msgid "--add-subids-for-system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:221
+msgid ""
+"Update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> even when creating a system "
+"account with <_:option-3/> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:233
+msgid ""
+"The name or the number of the user's primary group. The group name must "
+"exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "-U/--user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:247
+msgid "-N/--no-user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:238
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, the behavior of <_:command-1/> will depend on the <_:"
+"option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>. If this variable is set to <_:"
+"replaceable-4/> (or <_:option-5/> is specified on the command line), a group "
+"will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname. If the "
+"variable is set to <_:replaceable-6/> (or <_:option-7/> is specified on the "
+"command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the "
+"value specified by the <_:option-8/> variable in <_:filename-9/>, or 1000 by "
+"default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:83 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:322
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-G"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "--groups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "GROUP1"
+msgstr "GRUPP"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid ",GROUP2,..."
+msgstr "GRUPP"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid ",GROUPN"
+msgstr "GRUPP"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:256 usermod.8.xml.out:198
+msgid ""
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>[<_:emphasis-4/>[<_:"
+"emphasis-5/>]]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:260
+msgid ""
+"A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+"group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. "
+"The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the "
+"<_:option-1/> option. The default is for the user to belong only to the "
+"initial group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+msgid "--skel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgid "SKEL_DIR"
+msgstr "MAIL_DIR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:281
+msgid ""
+"The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in "
+"the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by <_:"
+"command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:288 useradd.8.xml.out:350
+msgid "--create-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:286
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid if the <_:option-1/> (or <_:option-2/>) option is "
+"specified."
+msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:292
+msgid "SKEL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:294
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/skel/"
+msgid "/etc/skel"
+msgstr "/etc/skel/"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:290
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the <_:"
+"option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/> or, by default, <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "If possible, the ACLs and extended attributes are copied."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:306
+msgid ""
+"Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (<_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:"
+"option-4/>, <_:option-5/> and others)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:312
+msgid ""
+"Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> can be used "
+"when creating an account to turn off password aging. Multiple <_:option-4/> "
+"options can be specified, e.g.: <_:option-5/> <_:replaceable-6/> =<_:"
+"replaceable-7/> <_:option-8/> <_:replaceable-9/>=<_:replaceable-10/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330
+msgid "--no-log-init"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:332
+msgid "Do not add the user to the lastlog and faillog databases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:335
+msgid ""
+"By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are "
+"reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:342
+msgid "LOG_INIT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:340
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will also consult the "
+"variable <_:option-2/> in the <_:filename-3/> if set to no the user will not "
+"be added to the lastlog and faillog databases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:353
+msgid ""
+"Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and "
+"directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with "
+"the <_:option-1/> option) will be copied to the home directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:361 useradd.8.xml.out:379 useradd.8.xml.out:475
+msgid "CREATE_HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:359
+msgid ""
+"By default, if this option is not specified and <_:option-1/> is not "
+"enabled, no home directories are created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:364
+msgid ""
+"The directory where the user's home directory is created must exist and have "
+"proper SELinux context and permissions. Otherwise the user's home directory "
+"cannot be created or accessed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:373
+msgid "--no-create-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:376
+msgid ""
+"Do not create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting "
+"from <_:filename-1/> (<_:option-2/>) is set to <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:386
+msgid "--no-user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:389
+msgid ""
+"Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to "
+"the group specified by the <_:option-1/> option or by the <_:option-2/> "
+"variable in <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:408
+msgid "allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:412 usermod.8.xml.out:277
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> option. As a "
+"user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and "
+"permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system's "
+"behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account "
+"of the given UID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:428
+msgid ""
+"defines an initial password for the account. PASSWORD is expected to be "
+"encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>. Within a shell script, this "
+"option allows to create efficiently batches of users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:435
+msgid ""
+"Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password "
+"defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of <_:"
+"filename-1/>. This is a state where the user won't be able to access the "
+"account or to define a password himself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:443
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/>Avoid this option on the command line because the password "
+"(or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:471
+msgid ""
+"Note that <_:command-1/> will not create a home directory for such a user, "
+"regardless of the default setting in <_:filename-2/> (<_:option-3/>). You "
+"have to specify the <_:option-4/> options if you want a home directory for a "
+"system account to be created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:479
+msgid ""
+"Note that this option will not update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>. "
+"You have to specify the <_:option-3/> options if you want to update the "
+"files for a system account to be created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:520
+msgid ""
+"sets the path to the user's login shell. Without this option, the system "
+"will use the <_:option-1/> variable specified in <_:filename-2/>, or, if "
+"that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in <_:filename-3/> "
+"remains empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+msgid "--uid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GID"
+msgid "UID"
+msgstr "GID"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:534
+msgid ""
+"The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless the "
+"<_:option-1/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The default is "
+"to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-2/> and "
+"greater than every other user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:549
+msgid "--user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:552
+msgid ""
+"Create a group with the same name as the user, and add the user to this "
+"group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 userdel.8.xml.out:153 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-Z"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 userdel.8.xml.out:153 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "--selinux-user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "SEUSER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:573
+msgid "semanage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:569
+msgid ""
+"defines the SELinux user for the new account. Without this option, a SELinux "
+"uses the default user. Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-"
+"user, it uses <_:citerefentry-1/> for that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:581
+msgid "Changing the default values"
+msgstr "Ändrar standardvärden"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:582
+msgid ""
+"When invoked with only the <_:option-1/> option, <_:command-2/> will display "
+"the current default values. When invoked with <_:option-3/> plus other "
+"options, <_:command-4/> will update the default values for the specified "
+"options. Valid default-changing options are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:595
+msgid ""
+"sets the path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will "
+"be affixed to the end of <_:replaceable-1/> to form the new user's home "
+"directory name, if the <_:option-2/> option is not used when creating a new "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:602 useradd.8.xml.out:614 useradd.8.xml.out:631
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:647 useradd.8.xml.out:661
+msgid "This option sets the <_:option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:613
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The date on which the user account is disabled."
+msgid "sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled."
+msgstr "Datumet när användarkontot blir inaktiverat."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:625
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where "
+"the user is expected to replace this password. See <_:citerefentry-1/>for "
+"more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:642
+msgid ""
+"sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group "
+"names or a numerical group ID. The named group must exist, and the GID must "
+"have an existing entry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:658
+msgid "defines the default login shell for new users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:673
+msgid "NOTES"
+msgstr "NOTERINGAR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:675 useradd.8.xml.out:779
+msgid "/etc/skel/"
+msgstr "/etc/skel/"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:674
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user "
+#| "files in the <filename>/etc/skel/</filename> directory."
+msgid ""
+"The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files "
+"in the <_:filename-1/> directory (or any other skeleton directory specified "
+"in <_:filename-2/> or on the command line)."
+msgstr ""
+"Systemadministratören är ansvarig för att placera standardanvändarfiler i "
+"katalogen <filename>/etc/skel/</filename>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:683
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+"Du får inte lägga till en användare till en NIS-grupp. Detta måste "
+"genomföras på NIS-servern."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:688
+msgid ""
+"Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such "
+"as NIS or LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the user account creation request."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:702
+msgid "ls"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:694
+msgid ""
+"Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, "
+"underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not "
+"allowed at the beginning of the username. Fully numeric usernames and "
+"usernames . or .. are also disallowed. It is not recommended to use "
+"usernames beginning with . character as their home directories will be "
+"hidden in the <_:command-1/> output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:704
+msgid "Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:769
+msgid "Default values for account creation."
+msgstr "Standardvärden för skapande av konto."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/default/useradd"
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-pre.d/*"
+msgstr "/etc/default/useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-post.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773 userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "<_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775 userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "OPTIONS"
+msgid "ACTION"
+msgstr "FLAGGOR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775 userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "SUBJECT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "useradd"
+msgid "useradd-pre.d"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "useradd"
+msgid "useradd-post.d"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid ""
+"Run-part files to execute during user addition. The environment variable <_:"
+"command-1/> will be populated with useradd and <_:command-2/> with the <_:"
+"command-3/>. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user addition. <_:"
+"filename-5/> will execute after user addition. If a script exits non-zero "
+"then execution will terminate."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:781
+msgid "Directory containing default files."
+msgstr "Katalog som innehåller standardfiler."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:819 userdel.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "can't update password file"
+msgstr "kan inte uppdatera lösenordsfilen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:837
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "UID already in use (and no <option>-o</option>)"
+msgid "UID already in use (and no <_:option-1/>)"
+msgstr "UID används redan (och inget <option>-o</option>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:849
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "username or group name already in use"
+msgstr "gruppnamnet används redan"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:861
+msgid "can't create home directory"
+msgstr "kan inte skapa hemkatalog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:865
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "1"
+msgid "14"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:867
+msgid "can't update SELinux user mapping"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:876 usermod.8.xml.out:603
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:phrase-10/> "
+"<_:citerefentry-11/>, <_:citerefentry-12/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:47
+msgid "delete a user account and related files"
+msgstr "ta bort ett användarkonto och relaterade filer"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all "
+"entries that refer to the user name <_:emphasis-2/>. The named user must "
+"exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Kommandot <command>userdel</command> ändrar i systemkontofilerna, tar bort "
+"alla poster som refererar till <emphasis remap=\"I\">login_name</emphasis>. "
+"Den angivna användaren måste finnas."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:79
+msgid ""
+"This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is "
+"still logged in. It also forces <_:command-1/> to remove the user's home "
+"directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory "
+"or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user. If <_:option-2/> is "
+"defined to <_:emphasis-3/> in <_:filename-4/> and if a group exists with the "
+"same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it "
+"is still the primary group of another user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis>Note:</emphasis> This option is dangerous and may leave your "
+#| "system in an inconsistent state."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an "
+"inconsistent state."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis>Notera:</emphasis> Denna flagga är farlig och kan göra att ditt "
+"system försätts i ett inkonsistent tillstånd."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:106 usermod.8.xml.out:317
+msgid "--remove"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:109
+msgid ""
+"Files in the user's home directory will be removed along with the home "
+"directory itself and the user's mail spool. Files located in other file "
+"systems will have to be searched for and deleted manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:115
+msgid ""
+"The mail spool is defined by the <_:option-1/> variable in the <_:filename-2/"
+"> file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:156
+msgid "Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user's login."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-pre.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-post.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "userdel"
+msgid "userdel-pre.d"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "userdel"
+msgid "userdel-post.d"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid ""
+"Run-part files to execute during user deletion. The environment variable <_:"
+"command-1/> will be populated with <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/> with "
+"the username. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user deletion. "
+"<_:filename-5/> will execute after user deletion. If a script exits non-zero "
+"then execution will terminate."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:255
+msgid "specified user doesn't exist"
+msgstr "angiven användare finns inte"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:261
+msgid "user currently logged in"
+msgstr "användaren är för närvarande inloggad"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:273
+msgid "can't remove home directory"
+msgstr "kan inte ta bort hemkatalogen"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:282
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will not allow you to remove an account if there are running "
+"processes which belong to this account. In that case, you may have to kill "
+"those processes or lock the user's password or account and remove the "
+"account later. The <_:option-2/> option can force the deletion of this "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:289
+msgid ""
+"You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain "
+"owned by this user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:293
+msgid ""
+"You may not remove any NIS attributes on a NIS client. This must be "
+"performed on the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+"Du får inte ta bort några NIS-attribut på en NIS-klient. Detta måste "
+"genomföras på NIS-servern."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:296
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is defined to <_:emphasis-2/> in <_:filename-3/>, <_:"
+"command-4/> will delete the group with the same name as the user. To avoid "
+"inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, <_:command-5/> will check "
+"that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will "
+"just warn without deleting the group otherwise. The <_:option-6/> option can "
+"force the deletion of this group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:309
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:phrase-9/> <_:citerefentry-10/>, "
+"<_:citerefentry-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:48
+msgid "modify a user account"
+msgstr "ändra ett användarkonto"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:63
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:81
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the user to the supplemental group(s). Use only with <option>-G</"
+#| "option> option."
+msgid ""
+"Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:option-1/> "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"Lägg till användaren till tilläggsgrupp(er). Använd endast med flaggan "
+"<option>-G</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:102
+msgid ""
+"update the comment field of the user in <_:filename-1/>, which is normally "
+"modified using the <_:citerefentry-2/> utility."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:112 usermod.8.xml.out:260
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "home_ph"
+msgid "--home"
+msgstr "hemtelefon"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:115
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user home directory"
+msgid "The user's new login directory."
+msgstr "användarens hemkatalog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:118
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:option-1/> option is given, the contents of the current home "
+"directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it "
+"does not already exist. If the current home directory does not exist the new "
+"home directory will not be created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified "
+"in the format <_:emphasis-1/>. Integers as input are interpreted as days "
+"after 1970-01-01."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"An input of -1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in "
+"the shadow password file. The account will remain available with no date "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:143 usermod.8.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Sort entries in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/"
+#| "shadow</filename> by UID."
+msgid ""
+"This option requires a <_:filename-1/> file. A <_:filename-2/> entry will be "
+"created if there were none."
+msgstr ""
+"Sorterar poster i <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> och <filename>/etc/"
+"shadow</filename> efter UID."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:155
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age "
+"during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password. "
+"This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the "
+"shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no "
+"delay. An input of -1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password "
+"file. See <_:citerefentry-1/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:177
+msgid ""
+"The name or numerical ID of the user's new primary group. The group must "
+"exist."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:181
+msgid ""
+"Any file from the user's home directory owned by the previous primary group "
+"of the user will be owned by this new group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:185
+msgid ""
+"The group ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be "
+"fixed manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:193 usermod.8.xml.out:393
+msgid "/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:189
+msgid ""
+"The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user's home "
+"directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the "
+"current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home "
+"directories such as <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:202
+msgid ""
+"A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+"group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. "
+"The groups must exist."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user "
+"will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the <_:"
+"option-1/> option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group "
+"list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217 usermod.8.xml.out:223
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "LOGIN"
+msgid "NEW_LOGIN"
+msgstr "INLOGGNINGSNAMN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:220
+msgid ""
+"The name of the user will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>. Nothing else is changed. In particular, the user's home "
+"directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the "
+"new login name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:231 usermod.8.xml.out:411
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-L"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:234
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted "
+#| "password, effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option "
+#| "with <option>-p</option> or <option>-U</option>."
+msgid ""
+"Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password, "
+"effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with <_:"
+"option-1/> or <_:option-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Lås en användares lösenord. Detta sätter ett \"!\" i början av det "
+"krypterade lösenordet som effektivt inaktiverar lösenordet. Du kan inte "
+"använda denna flagga med <option>-p</option> eller <option>-U</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:240
+msgid ""
+"Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you "
+"should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:250
+msgid "--move-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:253
+msgid ""
+"moves the content of the user's home directory to the new location. If the "
+"current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be "
+"created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:258
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> (or <_:"
+"option-2/>) option."
+msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:262
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the "
+"modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed "
+"afterwards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:274
+msgid "allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:293
+msgid ""
+"defines a new password for the user. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, "
+"as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:298
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> Avoid this option on the command line because the password "
+"(or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:303
+msgid ""
+"The password will be written in the local <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/> "
+"file. This might differ from the password database configured in your PAM "
+"configuration."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the user to the supplemental group(s). Use only with <option>-G</"
+#| "option> option."
+msgid ""
+"Remove the user from named supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:"
+"option-1/> option."
+msgstr ""
+"Lägg till användaren till tilläggsgrupp(er). Använd endast med flaggan "
+"<option>-G</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:344
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes within the directory tree starting with <_:replaceable-1/> and "
+"use as well the configuration files located there. This option does not "
+"chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some "
+"limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication "
+"is using the host files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:360
+msgid ""
+"changes the user's login shell. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field "
+"in <_:filename-1/> and logs the user into the system's default shell."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:372
+msgid "The new value of the user's ID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:375
+msgid ""
+"This value must be unique, unless the <_:option-1/> option is used. The "
+"value must be non-negative."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:380
+msgid ""
+"The user's mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are located "
+"in the user's home directory will have the file user ID changed "
+"automatically."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:385
+msgid ""
+"The ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be fixed "
+"manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:389
+msgid ""
+"The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user's home "
+"directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the "
+"current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home "
+"directories such as <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:408
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted "
+#| "password. You can't use this option with <option>-p</option> or <option>-"
+#| "L</option>."
+msgid ""
+"Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted "
+"password. You can't use this option with <_:option-1/> or <_:option-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Låser upp en användares lösenord. Detta tar bort det inledande \"!\" i det "
+"krypterade lösenordet. Du kan inte använda denna flagga med <option>-p</"
+"option> eller <option>-L</option>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:417
+msgid "99999"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:413
+msgid ""
+"Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), "
+"you should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> (for example to <_:replaceable-2/"
+">, or to the <_:option-3/> value from <_:filename-4/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-v"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "--add-subuids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "FIRST"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "LAST"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:424 usermod.8.xml.out:442 usermod.8.xml.out:462
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:480
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>-<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:428
+msgid "Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:431 usermod.8.xml.out:469
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:436 usermod.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "SUB_UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:436 usermod.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "SUB_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:437 usermod.8.xml.out:457
+msgid "SUB_UID_COUNT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:434 usermod.8.xml.out:454 usermod.8.xml.out:472
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:492
+msgid ""
+"No checks will be performed with regard to <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or "
+"<_:option-3/> from /etc/login.defs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-V"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "--del-subuids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:446
+msgid "Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:449
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the "
+"removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid "
+"range is added."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:463 usermod.8.xml.out:489
+msgid "--add-subgids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:466
+msgid "Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:474 usermod.8.xml.out:494
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+msgid "SUB_GID_MIN"
+msgstr "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:474 usermod.8.xml.out:494
+msgid "SUB_GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:475 usermod.8.xml.out:495
+msgid "SUB_GID_COUNT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481 usermod.8.xml.out:489
+msgid "--del-subgids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:484
+msgid "Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:487
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the "
+"removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid "
+"range is added."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:504
+msgid ""
+"defines the SELinux user to be mapped with <_:replaceable-1/>. An empty "
+"string (\"\") will remove the respective entry (if any). Note that the "
+"shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses semanage(8) for that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:518
+msgid ""
+"You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes "
+"when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the "
+"user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. <_:command-1/> "
+"checks this on Linux. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check "
+"if the user is logged in."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:527
+msgid "crontab"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:528
+msgid "at"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:526
+msgid ""
+"You must change the owner of any <_:command-1/> files or <_:command-2/> jobs "
+"manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:530
+msgid "You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:559
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Group account information."
+msgid "Group account information"
+msgstr "Gruppkontoinformation."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:565
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Secure group account information."
+msgid "Secure group account informatio."
+msgstr "Säker gruppkontoinformation."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:571
+msgid "Shadow password suite configuration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:577
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "User account information."
+msgid "User account information"
+msgstr "Användarkontoinformation."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:583
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Secure user account information."
+msgid "Secure user account information"
+msgstr "Säker användarkontoinformation."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:589
+msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:595
+msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:43 vipw.8.xml.out:57 vipw.8.xml.out:67 vipw.8.xml.out:86
+msgid "vigr"
+msgstr "vigr"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:44
+msgid "edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file"
+msgstr "redigera lösenordet, grupp, skugglösenord eller skuggruppfil"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "$VISUAL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:76
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "HYSTORY"
+msgid "$EDITOR"
+msgstr "HISTORIK"
+
+# Swedish translation of shadow manpage.
+# Copyright (C) 2006 THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the shadow package.
+# Daniel Nylander <po@danielnylander.se>, 2006.
+#
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:77 vipw.8.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "vipw"
+msgid "vi"
+msgstr "vipw"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:66
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands edits the files <_:filename-3/"
+"> and <_:filename-4/>, respectively. With the <_:option-5/> flag, they will "
+"edit the shadow versions of those files, <_:filename-6/> and <_:filename-7/"
+">, respectively. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file "
+"corruption. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the "
+"environment variable <_:envar-8/>, then the environment variable <_:envar-9/"
+">, and finally the default editor, <_:citerefentry-10/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</command> redigerar filerna "
+"<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> och <filename>/etc/group</filename>, "
+"respektive. Med flaggan <option>-s</option>, kommer de att redigera "
+"skuggversionerna av dessa filer, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> och "
+"<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, respektive. Programmen kommer att ställa "
+"in de lämpliga lås som behövs för att förhindra att filerna skadas. När de "
+"letar efter en redigerare kommer programmen att första försöka med "
+"miljövariabeln <envar>$VISUAL</envar>, sedan miljövariabeln <envar>$EDITOR</"
+"envar> och till sist standardredigeraren, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:84
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The options which apply to the <command>passwd</command> command are:"
+msgid ""
+"The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands "
+"are:"
+msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>passwd</command> är:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "Edit group database."
+msgstr "Redigera gruppdatabasen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:102
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "--passwd"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "Edit passwd database."
+msgstr "Redigera lösenordsdatabasen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "shadow"
+msgid "--shadow"
+msgstr "shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "Edit shadow or gshadow database."
+msgstr "Redigera shadow- eller gshadow-databasen."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "Indicates which user's tcb shadow file to edit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:154
+msgid "ENVIRONMENT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:157 vipw.8.xml.out:165
+msgid "VISUAL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:159
+msgid "Editor to be used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:163
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "HYSTORY"
+msgid "EDITOR"
+msgstr "HISTORIK"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:165
+msgid "Editor to be used if <_:option-1/> is not set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:220
+msgid "tcb"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:203
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/> <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HEM_KAT</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>USE_TCB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH (boolesk)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry> for details on how this string is interpreted."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> password shadowing "
+#~ "scheme will be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Referera till <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> för detaljer om hur "
+#~ "denna sträng tolkas."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>usermod</command> command modifies the system account files "
+#~ "to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kommandot <command>usermod</command> ändrar systemkontofiler enligt det "
+#~ "som anges på kommandoraden."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>usermod</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>usermod</command> är:"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMENT</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>KOMMENTAR</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally "
+#~ "modified using the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utility."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Det nya värdet för användarens kommentarsfält i lösenordsfilen. "
+#~ "Vanligtvis ändras det med verktyget <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~| "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HEM_KAT</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>UTGÅNGSDATUM</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INAKTIV</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The number of days after a password has expired before the account will "
+#~| "be disabled."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days after a password expires until the account is "
+#~ "permanently disabled."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Antalet dagar efter att ett lösenord har gått ut innan kontot kommer att "
+#~ "inaktiveras."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GRUPP</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP1</"
+#~ "replaceable>[<emphasis remap=\"I\">,GROUP2,...</emphasis>[<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">,GROUPN</emphasis>]]]"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GRUPP1</"
+#~ "replaceable>[<emphasis remap=\"I\">,GRUPP2,...</emphasis>[<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">,GRUPPN</emphasis>]]]"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NYTT_INLOGGNINGSNAMN</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--move-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-d</option> (or "
+#~ "<option>--home</option>) option."
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>PASSWORD</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>LÖSENORD</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The encrypted password, as returned by "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Det krypterade lösenordet, som returneras av "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SKAL</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-v</option>, <option>--add-subuids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>NYCKEL</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>VÄRDE</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-V</option>, <option>--del-subuids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>NYCKEL</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>VÄRDE</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--add-subgids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>NYCKEL</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>VÄRDE</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--del-subgids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>NYCKEL</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>VÄRDE</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SKAL</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_DIR</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> is set to <replaceable>yes</"
+#~ "replaceable>, they are also used to define the <envar>MAIL</envar> "
+#~ "environment variable."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Om <option>--preserve-environment</option> används, anges skalet med "
+#~ "miljövariabeln <envar>$SHELL</envar>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MIN (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MIN (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "UID_MIN (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "UID_MAX (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "UID_MIN (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>TCB_SYMLINKS</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH (boolesk)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>userdel</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>userdel</command> är:"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>USERDEL_CMD</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "USERDEL_CMD (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH (boolesk)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>userdel</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kommandot <command>userdel</command> avslutas med följande värden: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>useradd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>useradd</command> är:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HEM_KAT</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-D</option>, <option>--defaults</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-k</option>, <option>--skel</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SKEL_DIR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SKAL</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>NYCKEL</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>VÄRDE</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "Overrides /etc/login.defs defaults (UID_MIN, UID_MAX, UMASK, "
+#~| "PASS_MAX_DAYS and others). <placeholder-1/> Example: <option>-K </"
+#~| "option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PASS_MAX_DAYS</replaceable>=<replaceable>-1</"
+#~| "replaceable> can be used when creating system account to turn off "
+#~| "password ageing, even though system account has no password at all. "
+#~| "Multiple <option>-K</option> options can be specified, e.g.: <option>-K "
+#~| "</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</replaceable>=<replaceable>100</"
+#~| "replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MAX</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults (<option>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>UMASK</option>, "
+#~ "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> and others). <placeholder-1/> Example: "
+#~ "<option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PASS_MAX_DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>-1</replaceable> can be used when creating "
+#~ "system account to turn off password aging, even though system account has "
+#~ "no password at all. Multiple <option>-K</option> options can be "
+#~ "specified, e.g.: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>UID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Åsidosätter standardvärden för /etc/login.defs (UID_MIN, UID_MAX, UMASK, "
+#~ "PASS_MAX_DAYS och others). <placeholder-1/> Exempel: <option>-K</"
+#~ "option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LÖSEN_MAX_DAGAR</replaceable>=<replaceable>-1</"
+#~ "replaceable> kan användas när systemkonton skapas för att stänga av "
+#~ "lösenordsåldring, även om systemkontot inte har något lösenord alls. "
+#~ "Flera av flaggan <option>-K</option> kan anges, t.ex.: <option>-K</"
+#~ "option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</replaceable>=<replaceable>100</"
+#~ "replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MAX</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--no-log-init</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-M</option>, <option>--no-create-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-N</option>, <option>--no-user-group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The encrypted password, as returned by "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The encrypted password, as returned by "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>. The default is to disable the password."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Det krypterade lösenordet, som returneras av "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--system</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-U</option>, <option>--user-group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days after a password has expired before the account will "
+#~ "be disabled."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Antalet dagar efter att ett lösenord har gått ut innan kontot kommer att "
+#~ "inaktiveras."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "Usernames must begin with a lower case letter or an underscore, and only "
+#~| "lower case letters, underscores, dashes, and dollar signs may follow. In "
+#~| "regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Usernames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed "
+#~ "by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with "
+#~ "a dollar sign. In regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Användarnamn måste börja med en gemen bokstav eller ett understreck och "
+#~ "får endast innehålla gemener, understreck, minustecken och på slutet ett "
+#~ "dollar-tecken. I reguljära uttryckstermer: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>CREATE_HOME</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH (boolesk)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MIN (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "PASS_MAX_DAYS (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "PASS_MIN_DAYS (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "PASS_WARN_AGE (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MIN (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "UID_MAX (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "UID_MIN (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>TCB_AUTH_GROUP</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH (boolesk)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "UID_MAX (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "UID_MIN (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>UMASK</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "UMASK (nummer)"
+
+#~ msgid "username already in use"
+#~ msgstr "användarnamnet används redan"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>useradd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kommandot <command>useradd</command> avslutas med följande värden: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You can use the <option>--</option> argument to separate <command>su</"
+#~ "command> options from the arguments supplied to the shell."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Du kan använda argumentet <option>--</option> för att separera flaggorna "
+#~ "till <command>su</command> från de argument som skickas till skalet."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--command</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>KOMMENTAR</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>-p</option>, <option>--preserve-environment</"
+#~ "option>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>-p</option>, <option>--preserve-environment</"
+#~ "option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>CONSOLE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>CONSOLE_GROUPS</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>DEFAULT_HOME</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH (boolesk)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_HZ</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The file is formatted like this, with lines starting with a # being "
+#~| "treated as comment lines and ignored;"
+#~ msgid "Lines starting with a # are treated as comment lines and ignored."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Filen är i följande format, med de rader som inleds med # behandlas som "
+#~ "kommentarsrader och ignoreras;"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_PATH</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_TZ</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_STRING</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH (boolesk)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH (boolesk)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SULOG_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SU_NAME</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SU_WHEEL_ONLY</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH (boolesk)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SYSLOG_SU_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH (boolesk)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>SYSLOG_SG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH (boolesk)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The options which apply to the <command>vipw</command> and "
+#~| "<command>vigr</command> commands are:"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>pwconv</command>, "
+#~ "<command>pwunconv</command>, <command>grpconv</command>, and "
+#~ "<command>grpunconv</command> commands are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandona <command>vipw</command> och "
+#~ "<command>vigr</command> är:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase condition=\"tcb\">, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_convert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_unconvert</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>pwck</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>pwck</command> är:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--read-only</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sort</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INAKTIV</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~| "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAGAR</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--repository</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--repository</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FÖRRÅD</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-S</option>, <option>--status</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-S</option>, <option>--status</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>VARN_DAGAR</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-x</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-x</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DAGAR</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "Example: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option> -K </"
+#~| "option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "It can take one of these values: <replaceable>DES</replaceable> "
+#~ "(default), <replaceable>MD5</replaceable><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"sha_crypt\">, <replaceable>SHA256</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>SHA512</replaceable></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Exempel: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH (boolesk)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_ALWAYS_WARN</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH (boolesk)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_CHANGE_TRIES</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "PASS_WARN_AGE (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "PASS_MAX_DAYS (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MIN_LEN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "PASS_MIN_DAYS (nummer)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>passwd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kommandot <command>passwd</command> avslutas med följande värden: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "To disable all logins, investigate <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "För att inaktivera alla inloggningar, undersök "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The options which apply to the <command>usermod</command> command are:"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>newusers</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>usermod</command> är:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>CHFN_AUTH</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH (boolesk)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>CHFN_RESTRICT</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>CHSH_AUTH</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH (boolesk)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>ERASECHAR</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "UMASK (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>FAIL_DELAY</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "PASS_MIN_DAYS (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>FAILLOG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH (boolesk)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>FAKE_SHELL</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>FTMP_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>HUSHLOGIN_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>ISSUE_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>KILLCHAR</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>LASTLOG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH (boolesk)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>LOG_OK_LOGINS</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH (boolesk)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH (boolesk)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_RETRIES</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MIN (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_TIMEOUT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "GID_MAX (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>MOTD_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>NOLOGINS_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH (boolesk)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYGROUP</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYPERM</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "USERDEL_CMD (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYTYPE_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR (sträng)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>ULIMIT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "UID_MIN (nummer)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE UMASK"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">USE_TCB</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE UMASK"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>securetty</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>securetty</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "P: process priority, set by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "P: processprioritet, inställd av "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>lastlog</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>lastlog</command> är:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAGAR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-C</option>, <option>--clear</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-S</option>, <option>--set</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAGAR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>NYCKEL</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>VÄRDE</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "Sort entries in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/"
+#~| "shadow</filename> by UID."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "a valid group identifier <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> (<filename>/etc/"
+#~ "group</filename> only)</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Sorterar poster i <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> och <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "shadow</filename> efter UID."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "a valid list of members and administrators"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "a valid list of members <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> and "
+#~ "administrators</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr "en giltig lista med medlemmar och administratörer"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "The options which apply to the <command>pwck</command> command are:"
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>grpck</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>pwck</command> är:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "Sort entries in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/"
+#~| "shadow</filename> by UID."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Sort entries in <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase> by "
+#~ "GID."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Sorterar poster i <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> och <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "shadow</filename> efter UID."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>grpck</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kommandot <command>grpck</command> avslutas med följande värden: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>, </citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getuid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getuid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupmod</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>groupmod</command> är:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--new-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NEW_GROUP</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--new-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NY_GRUPP</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupmod</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kommandot <command>groupmod</command> avslutas med följande värden: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupmems</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>groupmems</command> är:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user_name</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>user_name</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAGAR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>group_name</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-p</option>, <option>--purge</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The options which apply to the <command>groupmod</command> command are:"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupdel</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>groupmod</command> är:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupdel</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kommandot <command>groupdel</command> avslutas med följande värden: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupadd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>groupadd</command> är:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "See also the <option>-r</option> option and the <option>GID_MAX</option> "
+#~ "description."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Flaggorna <option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> och <option>-f</"
+#~ "option> används endast när <command>login</command> har startats av root."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "Example: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option> -K </"
+#~| "option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Example: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Exempel: <option>-Koption>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "This option permits to add a group with a non-unique GID."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Denna flagga tillåter att en grupp med ett icke-unikt GID läggs till."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "Usernames must begin with a lower case letter or an underscore, and only "
+#~| "lower case letters, underscores, dashes, and dollar signs may follow. In "
+#~| "regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Groupnames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed "
+#~ "by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with "
+#~ "a dollar sign. In regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Användarnamn måste börja med en gemen bokstav eller ett understreck och "
+#~ "får endast innehålla gemener, understreck, minustecken och på slutet ett "
+#~ "dollar-tecken. I reguljära uttryckstermer: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]"
+
+#~ msgid "GID not unique (when <option>-o</option> not used)"
+#~ msgstr "GID inte unikt (när <option>-o</option> inte används)"
+
+#~ msgid "group name not unique"
+#~ msgstr "gruppnamn inte unikt"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupadd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kommandot <command>groupadd</command> avslutas med följande värden: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>gpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>passwd</command> är:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAGAR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-Q</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HEM_KAT</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove-password</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-R</option>, <option>--restrict</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~| "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-A</option>, <option>--administrators</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>user</replaceable>,..."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAGAR</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--members</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>,..."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAGAR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>faillog</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>faillog</command> är:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SEC</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-secs</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SEC</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SEK</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--maximum</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>MAX</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--maximum</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>MAX</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>faillog</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>faillog</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "The options which apply to the <command>pwck</command> command are:"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>expiry</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>pwck</command> är:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-c</option>, <option>--check</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chsh</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>chsh</command> är:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">user_name</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">password</emphasis>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">användarnamn</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">lösenord</emphasis>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>chpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>chpasswd</command> är:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~| "<replaceable>COMMENT</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>METHOD</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>KOMMENTAR</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~| "<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ROUNDS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>VARN_DAGAR</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">group_name</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">password</emphasis>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">gruppnamn</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">lösenord</emphasis>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>chgpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>chgpasswd</command> är:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chsh</command> command are:"
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chfn</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>chsh</command> är:"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--full-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FULL_NAME</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INLOGGNINGSNAMN</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-h</option>, <option>--home-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_PHONE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HEM_KAT</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>OTHER</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HEM_KAT</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--room</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ROOM_NUMBER</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HEM_KAT</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--work-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WORK_PHONE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HEM_KAT</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chage</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "Flaggorna som gäller för kommandot <command>chage</command> är:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--lastday</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>LAST_DAY</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--lastday</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>SISTA_DAG</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-E</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-E</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>UTGÅNGSDATUM</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-I</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-I</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INAKTIV</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAGAR</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DAGAR</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>VARN_DAGAR</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>chage</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kommandot <command>chage</command> avslutas med följande värden: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "translator-credits"
+#~ msgstr "Daniel Nylander <po@danielnylander.se>, 2006."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "can't create mail spool"
+#~ msgstr "kan inte skapa postkö"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "new_users"
+#~ msgstr "nya_användare"
+
+#~ msgid "-f <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-f <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "-w <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-w <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "-o <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-o <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>UID_MAX</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable> doesn't work yet."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Notera: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>UID_MAX</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable> fungerar ännu inte."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "Supplied passwords are in encrypted form."
+#~ msgid "The supplied passwords must be in clear-text."
+#~ msgstr "Insända lösenord är i ett krypterat format."
+
+#~ msgid "encrypted password file"
+#~ msgstr "krypterad lösenordsfil"
+
+#~ msgid "days since Jan 1, 1970 that password was last changed"
+#~ msgstr "dagar sedan 1:a januari, 1970 som lösenordet senast ändrades"
+
+#~ msgid "days after which password must be changed"
+#~ msgstr "dagar efter vilket lösenordet måste ändras"
+
+#~ msgid "days before password is to expire that user is warned"
+#~ msgstr "dagar innan lösenordet går ut som användaren varnas"
+
+#~ msgid "days after password expires that account is disabled"
+#~ msgstr "dagar efter att lösenordet gått ut och kontot inaktiveras"
+
+#~ msgid "days since Jan 1, 1970 that account is disabled"
+#~ msgstr "dagar sedan 1:a januari 1970 som kontot är inaktiverat"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "-K <placeholder-1/>=<placeholder-2/>"
+#~ msgstr "-K <placeholder-1/>=<placeholder-2/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<option>-M</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</replaceable>,..."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Your password must be easily remembered so that you will not be forced to "
+#~ "write it on a piece of paper. This can be accomplished by appending two "
+#~ "small words together and separating each with a special character or "
+#~ "digit. For example, Pass%word."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Ditt lösenord måste vara lätt att komma ihåg så att du inte behöver "
+#~ "skriva ner det på en papperslapp. Detta kan göras genom att lägga till "
+#~ "två små ord tillsammans och separera dem med ett specialtecken eller "
+#~ "siffra. Till exempel, Pass%word."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Other methods of construction involve selecting an easily remembered "
+#~ "phrase from literature and selecting the first or last letter from each "
+#~ "word. An example of this is:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Andra metoder för att konstruera lösenord är att välja en literär fras "
+#~ "som är lätt att komma ihåg och välja den första eller sista bokstaven "
+#~ "från varje ord. Ett exempel på detta är:"
+
+#~ msgid "Ask not for whom the bell tolls"
+#~ msgstr "Fråga inte för vem klockorna ringer klockan 3"
+
+#~ msgid "which produces"
+#~ msgstr "som blir"
+
+#~ msgid "An4wtbt"
+#~ msgstr "Fifvkrk3"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You may be reasonably sure few crackers will have included this in their "
+#~ "dictionaries. You should, however, select your own methods for "
+#~ "constructing passwords and not rely exclusively on the methods given here."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Du kan vara hyffsat säker på att få hackare har inkluderat detta i sina "
+#~ "ordböcker. Du bör dock välja dina egna metoder för att konstruera "
+#~ "lösenord och inte enbart förlita dig på de metoder som anges här."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <option>-t</option> flag overrides the use of <option>-u</option>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Flaggan <option>-t</option> åsidosätter användningen av <option>-u</"
+#~ "option>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "MAIL_DIR USERDEL_CMD"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR USERDEL_CMD"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "-R <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-R <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "user,"
+#~ msgstr "användare,"
+
+#~ msgid "-A <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-A <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "-M <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-M <placeholder-1/>"
diff --git a/man/po/uk.po b/man/po/uk.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0fe0d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/po/uk.po
@@ -0,0 +1,12911 @@
+# shadow.pot Ukrainian translation.
+# Comments and bug-reports are welcomed
+# Yuri Chornoivan <yurchor@ukr.net>, 2022.
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: shadow 4.0.18\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: pkg-shadow-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-08 10:37-0600\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2022-05-21 20:43+0300\n"
+"Last-Translator: Yuri Chornoivan <yurchor@ukr.net>\n"
+"Language-Team: Ukrainian <trans-uk@lists.fedoraproject.org>\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms:  nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && "
+"n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
+"X-Generator: Lokalize 20.12.0\n"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:16 chfn.1.xml.out:18 chpasswd.8.xml.out:19 chsh.1.xml.out:18
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:19 faillog.5.xml.out:15 faillog.8.xml.out:15
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:18 groupdel.8.xml.out:16 groupmod.8.xml.out:16
+#: groups.1.xml.out:15 grpck.8.xml.out:15 lastlog.8.xml.out:17
+#: login.1.xml.out:48 login.defs.5.xml.out:84 logoutd.8.xml.out:15
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:16 newusers.8.xml.out:31 passwd.1.xml.out:22
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:15 porttime.5.xml.out:15 pwck.8.xml.out:22
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:15 shadow.5.xml.out:15 sg.1.xml.out:16 su.1.xml.out:32
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:34 userdel.8.xml.out:21 usermod.8.xml.out:22
+msgid "Julianne Frances"
+msgstr "Julianne Frances"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:17 chfn.1.xml.out:19 chpasswd.8.xml.out:20 chsh.1.xml.out:19
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:20 faillog.5.xml.out:16 faillog.8.xml.out:16
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:19 groupdel.8.xml.out:17 groupmod.8.xml.out:17
+#: groups.1.xml.out:16 grpck.8.xml.out:16 lastlog.8.xml.out:18
+#: login.1.xml.out:49 login.defs.5.xml.out:85 logoutd.8.xml.out:16
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:17 newusers.8.xml.out:32 passwd.1.xml.out:23
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:16 porttime.5.xml.out:16 pwck.8.xml.out:23
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:16 shadow.5.xml.out:16 sg.1.xml.out:17 su.1.xml.out:33
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:35 userdel.8.xml.out:22 usermod.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Haugh"
+msgstr "Haugh"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:18 chfn.1.xml.out:20 chsh.1.xml.out:20 expiry.1.xml.out:21
+msgid "Creation, 1990"
+msgstr "Створення, 1990"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:21 chfn.1.xml.out:23 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:20
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:24 chsh.1.xml.out:23 expiry.1.xml.out:24
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:20 faillog.8.xml.out:20 gpasswd.1.xml.out:25
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:23 groupdel.8.xml.out:21 groupmems.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:21 groups.1.xml.out:20 grpck.8.xml.out:20
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:22 limits.5.xml.out:22 login.1.xml.out:53
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:21 login.defs.5.xml.out:89 logoutd.8.xml.out:20
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:21 newusers.8.xml.out:36 passwd.1.xml.out:27
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:20 porttime.5.xml.out:20 pwck.8.xml.out:27
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:26 shadow.3.xml.out:20 shadow.5.xml.out:20 sg.1.xml.out:21
+#: su.1.xml.out:37 suauth.5.xml.out:20 useradd.8.xml.out:39
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:26 usermod.8.xml.out:27 vipw.8.xml.out:22
+msgid "Thomas"
+msgstr "Thomas"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:22 chfn.1.xml.out:24 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:21
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:25 chsh.1.xml.out:24 expiry.1.xml.out:25
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:21 faillog.8.xml.out:21 gpasswd.1.xml.out:26
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:24 groupdel.8.xml.out:22 groupmems.8.xml.out:25
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:22 groups.1.xml.out:21 grpck.8.xml.out:21
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:23 limits.5.xml.out:23 login.1.xml.out:54
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:22 login.defs.5.xml.out:90 logoutd.8.xml.out:21
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:22 newusers.8.xml.out:37 passwd.1.xml.out:28
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:21 porttime.5.xml.out:21 pwck.8.xml.out:28
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:27 shadow.3.xml.out:21 shadow.5.xml.out:21 sg.1.xml.out:22
+#: su.1.xml.out:38 suauth.5.xml.out:21 useradd.8.xml.out:40
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:27 usermod.8.xml.out:28 vipw.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Kłoczko"
+msgstr "Kłoczko"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/email
+#: chage.1.xml.out:23 chfn.1.xml.out:25 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:22
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:26 chsh.1.xml.out:25 expiry.1.xml.out:26
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:22 faillog.8.xml.out:22 gpasswd.1.xml.out:27
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:25 groupdel.8.xml.out:23 groupmems.8.xml.out:26
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:23 groups.1.xml.out:22 grpck.8.xml.out:22
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:24 limits.5.xml.out:24 login.1.xml.out:55
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:23 login.defs.5.xml.out:91 logoutd.8.xml.out:22
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:23 newusers.8.xml.out:38 passwd.1.xml.out:29
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:22 porttime.5.xml.out:22 pwck.8.xml.out:29
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:28 shadow.3.xml.out:22 shadow.5.xml.out:22 sg.1.xml.out:23
+#: su.1.xml.out:39 suauth.5.xml.out:22 useradd.8.xml.out:41
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:28 usermod.8.xml.out:29 vipw.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "kloczek@pld.org.pl"
+msgstr "kloczek@pld.org.pl"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:24 chfn.1.xml.out:26 chpasswd.8.xml.out:27 chsh.1.xml.out:26
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:27 faillog.5.xml.out:23 faillog.8.xml.out:23
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:28 groupadd.8.xml.out:26 groupdel.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:27 groupmod.8.xml.out:24 groups.1.xml.out:23
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:23 lastlog.8.xml.out:25 limits.5.xml.out:25
+#: login.1.xml.out:56 login.access.5.xml.out:24 login.defs.5.xml.out:92
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:23 newgrp.1.xml.out:24 newusers.8.xml.out:39
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:30 passwd.5.xml.out:23 porttime.5.xml.out:23
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:30 pwconv.8.xml.out:29 shadow.3.xml.out:23
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:23 sg.1.xml.out:24 su.1.xml.out:40 suauth.5.xml.out:23
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:42 userdel.8.xml.out:29 usermod.8.xml.out:30
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:25
+msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007"
+msgstr "Супровідник shadow-utils, 2000 - 2007"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:27 chfn.1.xml.out:29 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:26
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:30 chsh.1.xml.out:29 expiry.1.xml.out:30
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:26 faillog.8.xml.out:26 gpasswd.1.xml.out:31
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:29 groupdel.8.xml.out:27 groupmems.8.xml.out:30
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:27 groups.1.xml.out:26 grpck.8.xml.out:26
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:14 lastlog.8.xml.out:28 limits.5.xml.out:28
+#: login.1.xml.out:59 login.access.5.xml.out:27 login.defs.5.xml.out:95
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:26 newgrp.1.xml.out:27 newusers.8.xml.out:42
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:15 passwd.1.xml.out:33 passwd.5.xml.out:26
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:26 pwck.8.xml.out:33 pwconv.8.xml.out:32
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:26 shadow.5.xml.out:26 sg.1.xml.out:27 su.1.xml.out:43
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:26 useradd.8.xml.out:45 userdel.8.xml.out:32
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:33 vipw.8.xml.out:28
+msgid "Nicolas"
+msgstr "Nicolas"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:28 chfn.1.xml.out:30 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:27
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:31 chsh.1.xml.out:30 expiry.1.xml.out:31
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:27 faillog.8.xml.out:27 gpasswd.1.xml.out:32
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:30 groupdel.8.xml.out:28 groupmems.8.xml.out:31
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:28 groups.1.xml.out:27 grpck.8.xml.out:27
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:15 lastlog.8.xml.out:29 limits.5.xml.out:29
+#: login.1.xml.out:60 login.access.5.xml.out:28 login.defs.5.xml.out:96
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:27 newgrp.1.xml.out:28 newusers.8.xml.out:43
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:16 passwd.1.xml.out:34 passwd.5.xml.out:27
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:27 pwck.8.xml.out:34 pwconv.8.xml.out:33
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:27 shadow.5.xml.out:27 sg.1.xml.out:28 su.1.xml.out:44
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:27 useradd.8.xml.out:46 userdel.8.xml.out:33
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:34 vipw.8.xml.out:29
+msgid "François"
+msgstr "François"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/email
+#: chage.1.xml.out:29 chfn.1.xml.out:31 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:28
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:32 chsh.1.xml.out:31 expiry.1.xml.out:32
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:28 faillog.8.xml.out:28 gpasswd.1.xml.out:33
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:31 groupdel.8.xml.out:29 groupmems.8.xml.out:32
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:29 groups.1.xml.out:28 grpck.8.xml.out:28
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:16 lastlog.8.xml.out:30 limits.5.xml.out:30
+#: login.1.xml.out:61 login.access.5.xml.out:29 login.defs.5.xml.out:97
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:28 newgrp.1.xml.out:29 newusers.8.xml.out:44
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:17 passwd.1.xml.out:35 passwd.5.xml.out:28
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:28 pwck.8.xml.out:35 pwconv.8.xml.out:34
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:28 shadow.5.xml.out:28 sg.1.xml.out:29 su.1.xml.out:45
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:28 useradd.8.xml.out:47 userdel.8.xml.out:34
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:35 vipw.8.xml.out:30
+msgid "nicolas.francois@centraliens.net"
+msgstr "nicolas.francois@centraliens.net"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:30 chfn.1.xml.out:32 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:29
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:33 chsh.1.xml.out:32 expiry.1.xml.out:33
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:29 faillog.8.xml.out:29 gpasswd.1.xml.out:34
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:32 groupdel.8.xml.out:30 groupmems.8.xml.out:33
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:30 groups.1.xml.out:29 grpck.8.xml.out:29
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:18 lastlog.8.xml.out:31 limits.5.xml.out:31
+#: login.1.xml.out:62 login.access.5.xml.out:30 login.defs.5.xml.out:98
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:29 newgrp.1.xml.out:30 newusers.8.xml.out:45
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:18 passwd.1.xml.out:36 passwd.5.xml.out:29
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:29 pwck.8.xml.out:36 pwconv.8.xml.out:35
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:29 shadow.5.xml.out:29 sg.1.xml.out:30 su.1.xml.out:46
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:29 useradd.8.xml.out:48 userdel.8.xml.out:35
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:36 vipw.8.xml.out:31
+msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now"
+msgstr "Супровідник shadow-utils, 2007 - до сьогодні"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chage.1.xml.out:34 chage.1.xml.out:41 chage.1.xml.out:46 chage.1.xml.out:59
+#: chage.1.xml.out:69 chage.1.xml.out:216 chage.1.xml.out:226
+#: chage.1.xml.out:236 chage.1.xml.out:241 chage.1.xml.out:285
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:233 shadow.5.xml.out:262
+msgid "chage"
+msgstr "chage"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:35 chage.1.xml.out:294 chfn.1.xml.out:37 chfn.1.xml.out:65
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:205 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:217 chpasswd.8.xml.out:265
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:37 chsh.1.xml.out:171 expiry.1.xml.out:38
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:235 gpasswd.1.xml.out:39 gpasswd.1.xml.out:93
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:277 groupadd.8.xml.out:345 groupadd.8.xml.out:348
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:351 groupdel.8.xml.out:205 groupdel.8.xml.out:208
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:211 groupmems.8.xml.out:209 groupmems.8.xml.out:212
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:215 groupmod.8.xml.out:326 groupmod.8.xml.out:329
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:332 groups.1.xml.out:34 groups.1.xml.out:92
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:243 gshadow.5.xml.out:77 gshadow.5.xml.out:165
+#: limits.5.xml.out:185 login.1.xml.out:67 login.1.xml.out:128
+#: login.1.xml.out:377 login.1.xml.out:380 login.1.xml.out:383
+#: login.1.xml.out:386 login.access.5.xml.out:112 login.defs.5.xml.out:516
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:518 login.defs.5.xml.out:520 login.defs.5.xml.out:530
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:533 login.defs.5.xml.out:536 newgrp.1.xml.out:35
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:130 newgrp.1.xml.out:133 newgrp.1.xml.out:136
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:139 newgrp.1.xml.out:142 newusers.8.xml.out:456
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:60 passwd.1.xml.out:41 passwd.1.xml.out:431
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:118 passwd.5.xml.out:173 passwd.5.xml.out:179
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:182 passwd.5.xml.out:197 porttime.5.xml.out:121
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:293 shadow.5.xml.out:262 shadow.5.xml.out:265
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:268 shadow.5.xml.out:283 sg.1.xml.out:35 sg.1.xml.out:119
+#: sg.1.xml.out:122 sg.1.xml.out:125 sg.1.xml.out:128 sg.1.xml.out:131
+#: su.1.xml.out:51 su.1.xml.out:391 su.1.xml.out:415 su.1.xml.out:421
+#: su.1.xml.out:424 suauth.5.xml.out:201 useradd.8.xml.out:817
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:878 useradd.8.xml.out:881 useradd.8.xml.out:884
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:241 userdel.8.xml.out:310 userdel.8.xml.out:313
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:316 usermod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:244
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:605 usermod.8.xml.out:608 usermod.8.xml.out:611
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:78 vipw.8.xml.out:205
+msgid "1"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:36 chfn.1.xml.out:38 chsh.1.xml.out:38 expiry.1.xml.out:39
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:40 groups.1.xml.out:35 login.1.xml.out:68
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:36 passwd.1.xml.out:42 sg.1.xml.out:36 su.1.xml.out:52
+msgid "User Commands"
+msgstr "Команди користувача"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:37 chfn.1.xml.out:39 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:36
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:40 chsh.1.xml.out:39 expiry.1.xml.out:40
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:36 faillog.8.xml.out:36 gpasswd.1.xml.out:41
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:39 groupdel.8.xml.out:37 groupmems.8.xml.out:40
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:37 groups.1.xml.out:36 grpck.8.xml.out:36
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:25 lastlog.8.xml.out:38 limits.5.xml.out:38
+#: login.1.xml.out:69 login.access.5.xml.out:37 login.defs.5.xml.out:105
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:36 newgrp.1.xml.out:37 newusers.8.xml.out:52
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:25 passwd.1.xml.out:43 passwd.5.xml.out:36
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:36 pwck.8.xml.out:43 pwconv.8.xml.out:42
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:36 shadow.5.xml.out:36 sg.1.xml.out:37 su.1.xml.out:53
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:36 useradd.8.xml.out:55 userdel.8.xml.out:42
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:43 vipw.8.xml.out:38
+msgid "shadow-utils"
+msgstr "shadow-utils"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:38 chfn.1.xml.out:40 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:37
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:41 chsh.1.xml.out:40 expiry.1.xml.out:41
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:37 faillog.8.xml.out:37 gpasswd.1.xml.out:42
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:40 groupdel.8.xml.out:38 groupmems.8.xml.out:41
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:38 groups.1.xml.out:37 grpck.8.xml.out:37
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:26 lastlog.8.xml.out:39 limits.5.xml.out:39
+#: login.1.xml.out:70 login.access.5.xml.out:38 login.defs.5.xml.out:106
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:37 newgrp.1.xml.out:38 newusers.8.xml.out:53
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:26 passwd.1.xml.out:44 passwd.5.xml.out:37
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:37 pwck.8.xml.out:44 pwconv.8.xml.out:43
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:37 shadow.5.xml.out:37 sg.1.xml.out:38 su.1.xml.out:54
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:37 useradd.8.xml.out:56 userdel.8.xml.out:43
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:44 vipw.8.xml.out:39
+msgid "4.13"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chage.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "change user password expiry information"
+msgstr "зміна даних щодо завершення строку дії пароля користувача"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: chage.1.xml.out:48 chfn.1.xml.out:51 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:48
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:52 chsh.1.xml.out:51 faillog.8.xml.out:48
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:49 groupmod.8.xml.out:49 grpck.8.xml.out:47
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:50 newusers.8.xml.out:64 passwd.1.xml.out:55
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:54 pwconv.8.xml.out:57 pwconv.8.xml.out:63
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:69 pwconv.8.xml.out:75 su.1.xml.out:64 useradd.8.xml.out:66
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:78 userdel.8.xml.out:52 usermod.8.xml.out:55
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:53 vipw.8.xml.out:59
+msgid "options"
+msgstr "параметри"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:51 chfn.1.xml.out:54 chsh.1.xml.out:54 faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 passwd.1.xml.out:58 useradd.8.xml.out:68
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:158 userdel.8.xml.out:54 userdel.8.xml.out:64
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:57 usermod.8.xml.out:222 usermod.8.xml.out:506
+msgid "LOGIN"
+msgstr "ЗАПИС"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:57 chfn.1.xml.out:60 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:54
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:58 chsh.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:58
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:45 faillog.8.xml.out:54 gpasswd.1.xml.out:70
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:60 groupdel.8.xml.out:56 groupmems.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:56 groups.1.xml.out:54 grpck.8.xml.out:58
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:34 lastlog.8.xml.out:56 limits.5.xml.out:48
+#: login.1.xml.out:101 login.access.5.xml.out:46 login.defs.5.xml.out:114
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:51 newgrp.1.xml.out:53 newusers.8.xml.out:73
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:40 passwd.1.xml.out:64 passwd.5.xml.out:45
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:45 pwck.8.xml.out:69 pwconv.8.xml.out:81
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:94 shadow.3.xml.out:150 shadow.5.xml.out:45 sg.1.xml.out:57
+#: su.1.xml.out:79 suauth.5.xml.out:51 useradd.8.xml.out:84
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:60 usermod.8.xml.out:62 vipw.8.xml.out:65
+msgid "DESCRIPTION"
+msgstr "ОПИС"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:58
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes the number of days between password "
+"changes and the date of the last password change. This information is used "
+"by the system to determine when a user must change their password."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <_:command-1/> змінює кількість днів між змінами паролів і дату "
+"останньої зміни пароля. Ці відомості використовує система для визначення "
+"того, коли користувач має змінювати пароль."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:67 chfn.1.xml.out:87 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:81
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:106 chsh.1.xml.out:71 expiry.1.xml.out:67
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:65 gpasswd.1.xml.out:110 groupadd.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:80 groupdel.8.xml.out:64 groupmems.8.xml.out:76
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:65 grpck.8.xml.out:122 lastlog.8.xml.out:68
+#: login.1.xml.out:186 newusers.8.xml.out:250 passwd.1.xml.out:150
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:163 su.1.xml.out:120
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:102 userdel.8.xml.out:69 usermod.8.xml.out:70
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:83
+msgid "OPTIONS"
+msgstr "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:68 chfn.1.xml.out:88 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:82
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:107 chsh.1.xml.out:72 expiry.1.xml.out:68
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:66 gpasswd.1.xml.out:118 groupadd.8.xml.out:81
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:77 groupmod.8.xml.out:66
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:127 lastlog.8.xml.out:69 newusers.8.xml.out:251
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:151 pwck.8.xml.out:158 su.1.xml.out:121
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:103 userdel.8.xml.out:70 usermod.8.xml.out:71
+msgid "The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> command are:"
+msgstr "Параметри, які застосовують до команди <_:command-1/>, є такими:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74 gpasswd.1.xml.out:137 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:168 useradd.8.xml.out:123 useradd.8.xml.out:151
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:599 usermod.8.xml.out:112 usermod.8.xml.out:260
+msgid "-d"
+msgstr "-d"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "--lastday"
+msgstr "--lastday"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74 chage.1.xml.out:81 chage.1.xml.out:175
+msgid "LAST_DAY"
+msgstr "ОСТАННІЙ_ДЕНЬ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chage.1.xml.out:73 chage.1.xml.out:88 chage.1.xml.out:127
+#: chage.1.xml.out:156 chage.1.xml.out:168 chage.1.xml.out:189
+#: chage.1.xml.out:202 chfn.1.xml.out:93 chfn.1.xml.out:101 chfn.1.xml.out:109
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:121 chfn.1.xml.out:129 chfn.1.xml.out:150
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:122 chpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chpasswd.8.xml.out:164
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:177 chsh.1.xml.out:83 chsh.1.xml.out:96
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:104 faillog.8.xml.out:119 faillog.8.xml.out:156
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 gpasswd.1.xml.out:123 gpasswd.1.xml.out:136
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:157 groupadd.8.xml.out:101 groupadd.8.xml.out:157
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:200 groupadd.8.xml.out:213 groupdel.8.xml.out:88
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:101 groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110 groupmems.8.xml.out:141 groupmod.8.xml.out:72
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:81 groupmod.8.xml.out:120 groupmod.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:163 groupmod.8.xml.out:176 grpck.8.xml.out:148
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:74 lastlog.8.xml.out:103 lastlog.8.xml.out:127
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:305 passwd.1.xml.out:196 passwd.1.xml.out:245
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:267 passwd.1.xml.out:277 passwd.1.xml.out:321
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:334 pwck.8.xml.out:196 pwconv.8.xml.out:177
+#: su.1.xml.out:125 su.1.xml.out:162 useradd.8.xml.out:117
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:150 useradd.8.xml.out:178
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:195 useradd.8.xml.out:229 useradd.8.xml.out:277
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:424 useradd.8.xml.out:488 useradd.8.xml.out:501
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:516 useradd.8.xml.out:530 useradd.8.xml.out:565
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:591 useradd.8.xml.out:609 useradd.8.xml.out:621
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:638 useradd.8.xml.out:654 userdel.8.xml.out:122
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:135 usermod.8.xml.out:98 usermod.8.xml.out:111
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:128 usermod.8.xml.out:151 usermod.8.xml.out:173
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:216 usermod.8.xml.out:289 usermod.8.xml.out:327
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:340 usermod.8.xml.out:356 usermod.8.xml.out:368
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:500 vipw.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>"
+msgstr "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:82 chage.1.xml.out:288 groupadd.8.xml.out:303
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:168 groupmod.8.xml.out:259 grpck.8.xml.out:237
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:138 passwd.1.xml.out:425 pwck.8.xml.out:287
+#: su.1.xml.out:385 useradd.8.xml.out:811 userdel.8.xml.out:235
+msgid "0"
+msgstr "0"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:77
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last "
+"changed. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the "
+"format more commonly used in your area). If the <_:replaceable-1/> is set to "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> the user is forced to change his password on the next log on."
+msgstr ""
+"Встановити кількість днів з 1 січня 1970 року, коли пароль було востаннє "
+"змінено. Дату може бути також вказано у форматі РРРР-ММ-ДД (або форматі, "
+"який поширений у вашій країні). Якщо для <_:replaceable-1/> встановлено "
+"значення <_:emphasis-2/>, користувачеві доведеться змінити пароль під час "
+"наступного входу до системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89
+msgid "-E"
+msgstr "-E"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89 useradd.8.xml.out:179 useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "--expiredate"
+msgstr "--expiredate"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89 chage.1.xml.out:109 useradd.8.xml.out:179
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:610 usermod.8.xml.out:129 usermod.8.xml.out:243
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:416
+msgid "EXPIRE_DATE"
+msgstr "ДАТА_ЗАВЕРШЕННЯ_СТРОКУ_ДІЇ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:92
+msgid ""
+"Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on which the user's "
+"account will no longer be accessible. The date may also be expressed in the "
+"format YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area). A user "
+"whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being "
+"able to use the system again."
+msgstr ""
+"Встановити дату або кількість днів з 1 січня 1970 року, коли слід заборонити "
+"доступ до облікового запису користувача. Дату може бути також вказано у "
+"форматі РРРР-ММ-ДД (або форматі, який поширений у вашій країні). Користувач, "
+"чий обліковий запис заблоковано, має звернутися до адміністратора системи, "
+"перш ніж знову зможе користуватися системою."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 "
+"days:"
+msgstr ""
+"Наприклад, наступною командою можна скористатися для встановлення строку дії "
+"облікового запису у 180 днів:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting
+#: chage.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "chage -E $(date -d +180days +%Y-%m-%d)"
+msgstr "chage -E $(date -d +180days +%Y-%m-%d)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:108 chage.1.xml.out:139 chage.1.xml.out:182
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:344 useradd.8.xml.out:315
+msgid "-1"
+msgstr "-1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:107
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an "
+"account expiration date."
+msgstr ""
+"Передавання числа <_:emphasis-1/> у полі <_:replaceable-2/> призведе до "
+"вилучення дати завершення строку дії облікового запису."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chfn.1.xml.out:102 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:96 login.1.xml.out:204
+#: login.1.xml.out:229 newusers.8.xml.out:280 passwd.1.xml.out:190
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwconv.8.xml.out:171 useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:99 vipw.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "-h"
+msgstr "-h"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chfn.1.xml.out:143 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:96 newusers.8.xml.out:280
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:190 pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: su.1.xml.out:387 useradd.8.xml.out:271 userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "--help"
+msgstr "--help"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chage.1.xml.out:121 chage.1.xml.out:146
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:142 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:139 chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:73 expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:88 faillog.8.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:98
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 gpasswd.1.xml.out:172
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:188 groupadd.8.xml.out:87 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:144 groupadd.8.xml.out:184 groupadd.8.xml.out:228
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:71 groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:124 groupmems.8.xml.out:130 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:131 groupmod.8.xml.out:193 grpck.8.xml.out:132
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 grpck.8.xml.out:161 grpck.8.xml.out:172
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:84 lastlog.8.xml.out:95 lastlog.8.xml.out:116
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:268 newusers.8.xml.out:280 newusers.8.xml.out:286
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320 passwd.1.xml.out:156 passwd.1.xml.out:167
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:179 passwd.1.xml.out:190 passwd.1.xml.out:209
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:221 passwd.1.xml.out:257 passwd.1.xml.out:290
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:308 pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwck.8.xml.out:179
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188 pwck.8.xml.out:209 pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:168 useradd.8.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330 useradd.8.xml.out:349 useradd.8.xml.out:372
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:385 useradd.8.xml.out:404 useradd.8.xml.out:455
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:548 userdel.8.xml.out:75 userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:105 userdel.8.xml.out:152 usermod.8.xml.out:77
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:88 usermod.8.xml.out:230 usermod.8.xml.out:249
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:270 usermod.8.xml.out:316 usermod.8.xml.out:404
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:90 vipw.8.xml.out:96 vipw.8.xml.out:102 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127 vipw.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>"
+msgstr "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:117 chfn.1.xml.out:146 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:109
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:149 chsh.1.xml.out:79 expiry.1.xml.out:90
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:100 gpasswd.1.xml.out:151 groupadd.8.xml.out:120
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:84 groupmems.8.xml.out:120 groupmod.8.xml.out:116
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:134 lastlog.8.xml.out:99 newusers.8.xml.out:282
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:192 pwck.8.xml.out:175 pwconv.8.xml.out:173
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:273 userdel.8.xml.out:101 vipw.8.xml.out:98
+msgid "Display help message and exit."
+msgstr "Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121 passwd.1.xml.out:197
+msgid "-i"
+msgstr "-i"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121
+msgid "--iso8601"
+msgstr "--iso8601"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "When printing dates, use YYYY-MM-DD format."
+msgstr "При виведенні дат користуватися форматом РРРР-ММ-ДД."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128
+msgid "-I"
+msgstr "-I"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128 passwd.1.xml.out:197 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622 usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "--inactive"
+msgstr "--inactive"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128 chage.1.xml.out:134 chage.1.xml.out:140
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:197 passwd.1.xml.out:203 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:211 useradd.8.xml.out:622 useradd.8.xml.out:632
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "INACTIVE"
+msgstr "НЕАКТИВНИЙ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:131
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the "
+"account is locked. The <_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days of "
+"inactivity. A user whose account is locked must contact the system "
+"administrator before being able to use the system again."
+msgstr ""
+"Встановити кількість днів неактивності після завершення строку дії пароля, "
+"перш ніж обліковий запис буде заблоковано. Значенням параметра <_:"
+"replaceable-1/> має бути кількість днів неактивності. Користувач, чий "
+"обліковий запис заблоковано, має звернутися до адміністратора системи, перш "
+"ніж знову зможе користуватися системою."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an "
+"account's inactivity."
+msgstr ""
+"Передавання числа <_:emphasis-1/> у полі <_:replaceable-2/> призведе до "
+"вилучення неактивності облікового запису."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: chage.1.xml.out:147 chage.1.xml.out:242 faillog.8.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105 faillog.8.xml.out:185 faillog.8.xml.out:202
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:55 groupmems.8.xml.out:124 passwd.1.xml.out:222
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:316 su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:156 useradd.8.xml.out:330
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "-l"
+msgstr "-l"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:147 groupmems.8.xml.out:124
+msgid "--list"
+msgstr "--list"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:150
+msgid "Show account aging information."
+msgstr "Показати відомості щодо застарівання облікового запису."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:72 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:78 chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:130
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:155 faillog.8.xml.out:88 faillog.8.xml.out:120
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:185 faillog.8.xml.out:202 su.1.xml.out:207
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:287 useradd.8.xml.out:350 useradd.8.xml.out:476
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:119 usermod.8.xml.out:250
+msgid "-m"
+msgstr "-m"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+msgid "--mindays"
+msgstr "--mindays"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 chage.1.xml.out:162 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:251
+msgid "MIN_DAYS"
+msgstr "ДНІ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:160 passwd.1.xml.out:249
+msgid ""
+"Set the minimum number of days between password changes to <_:replaceable-1/"
+">. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their "
+"password at any time."
+msgstr ""
+"Встановити мінімальну кількість днів між змінами пароля <_:replaceable-1/>. "
+"Нульове значення для цього поля вказує, що користувач може змінювати пароль "
+"будь-коли."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 gpasswd.1.xml.out:81 gpasswd.1.xml.out:112
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:162 useradd.8.xml.out:373
+msgid "-M"
+msgstr "-M"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 passwd.1.xml.out:335
+msgid "--maxdays"
+msgstr "--maxdays"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 chage.1.xml.out:174 chage.1.xml.out:183
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335 passwd.1.xml.out:340 passwd.1.xml.out:345
+msgid "MAX_DAYS"
+msgstr "МАКСИМАЛЬНО_ДНІВ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:178 chage.1.xml.out:203 usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "-W"
+msgstr "-W"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:172
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid. When <_:"
+"replaceable-1/> plus <_:replaceable-2/> is less than the current day, the "
+"user will be required to change their password before being able to use "
+"their account. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the "
+"<_:option-3/> option, which provides the user with advance warning."
+msgstr ""
+"Встановити максимальну кількість днів, протягом яких буде чинним пароль. "
+"Якщо <_:replaceable-1/> разом із <_:replaceable-2/> буде меншим за поточну "
+"дату, система проситиме користувача змінити пароль, перш ніж він зможе "
+"увійти до свого облікового запису. Цю подію можна наперед запланувати за "
+"допомогою параметра <_:option-3/>, використання якого призведе до того, що "
+"система заздалегідь попереджуватиме користувача про потребу змінити пароль."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:181 passwd.1.xml.out:343
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as <_:replaceable-2/> will remove "
+"checking a password's validity."
+msgstr ""
+"Передавання числа <_:emphasis-1/> у полі <_:replaceable-2/> призведе до "
+"вилучення перевірки чинності паролів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chfn.1.xml.out:130 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chsh.1.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:189 groupadd.8.xml.out:201 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142 groupmod.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104 newusers.8.xml.out:306 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197 pwconv.8.xml.out:178 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123 usermod.8.xml.out:328 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "-R"
+msgstr "-R"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chfn.1.xml.out:130 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chsh.1.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158 groupadd.8.xml.out:201 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142 groupmod.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104 newusers.8.xml.out:306 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197 pwconv.8.xml.out:178 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123 usermod.8.xml.out:328 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "--root"
+msgstr "--root"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chage.1.xml.out:194 chage.1.xml.out:196
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:130 chfn.1.xml.out:134 chfn.1.xml.out:136
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:127 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:129
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chpasswd.8.xml.out:169 chpasswd.8.xml.out:171
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:84 chsh.1.xml.out:88 chsh.1.xml.out:90 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:161 faillog.8.xml.out:163 gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:162 gpasswd.1.xml.out:164 groupadd.8.xml.out:201
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:205 groupadd.8.xml.out:207 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:93 groupdel.8.xml.out:95 groupmems.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:146 groupmems.8.xml.out:148 groupmod.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:168 groupmod.8.xml.out:170 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:153 grpck.8.xml.out:155 lastlog.8.xml.out:104
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:108 lastlog.8.xml.out:110 newusers.8.xml.out:306
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:310 newusers.8.xml.out:312 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:282 passwd.1.xml.out:284 pwck.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:201 pwck.8.xml.out:203 pwconv.8.xml.out:178
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:182 pwconv.8.xml.out:184 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:493 useradd.8.xml.out:495 userdel.8.xml.out:123
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:127 userdel.8.xml.out:129 usermod.8.xml.out:328
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:332 usermod.8.xml.out:334 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:119 vipw.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "CHROOT_DIR"
+msgstr "КАТАЛОГ_CHROOT"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:193 chfn.1.xml.out:133 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:126
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:168 chsh.1.xml.out:87 faillog.8.xml.out:160
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:161 groupadd.8.xml.out:204 groupdel.8.xml.out:92
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:145 groupmod.8.xml.out:167 grpck.8.xml.out:152
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:107 newusers.8.xml.out:309 passwd.1.xml.out:281
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:200 pwconv.8.xml.out:181 useradd.8.xml.out:492
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:126 usermod.8.xml.out:331 vipw.8.xml.out:118
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the "
+#| "configuration files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory."
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration "
+"files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. Only absolute paths are "
+"supported."
+msgstr ""
+"Застосувати зміни у каталозі <_:replaceable-1/> і використати файли "
+"налаштувань з каталогу <_:replaceable-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203 passwd.1.xml.out:322
+msgid "--warndays"
+msgstr "--warndays"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203 chage.1.xml.out:208 passwd.1.xml.out:322
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:327
+msgid "WARN_DAYS"
+msgstr "ДНІ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:206
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The "
+"<_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password "
+"expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"Встановити кількість днів між попередженням про потребу у зміні пароля і "
+"завершенням строку дії пароля. Параметром <_:replaceable-1/> є кількість "
+"днів до завершення строку дії пароля, коли система попереджуватиме "
+"користувача про те, що пароль невдовзі доведеться змінити."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:220 chfn.1.xml.out:163 chsh.1.xml.out:112
+msgid "[ ]"
+msgstr "[ ]"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:215
+msgid ""
+"If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of "
+"the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank "
+"to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> marks."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо не буде вказано жодного параметра, <_:command-1/> буде запущено в "
+"інтерактивному режимі — програма покаже користувачеві поточні значення для "
+"усіх полів. Введіть нове значення, щоб змінити поле або нічого не вводьте, "
+"щоб лишити поточне значення. Поточне значення буде взято у квадратні дужки "
+"(<_:emphasis-2/>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:224 chsh.1.xml.out:117 groups.1.xml.out:65
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:170
+msgid "NOTE"
+msgstr "ЗАУВАЖЕННЯ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:225
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program requires a shadow password file to be available."
+msgstr ""
+"Для роботи програми <_:command-1/> потрібна доступність файла прихованих "
+"паролів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:229
+msgid ""
+"The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password "
+"file. This implies that configuration from other sources (e.g. LDAP or empty "
+"password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user's login will "
+"not be shown in the chage output."
+msgstr ""
+"Програма chage повідомлятиме дані лише на основі файла паролів shadow. Таким "
+"чином, налаштування з інших джерел (наприклад, LDAP або порожнього поля хешу "
+"пароля з файла passwd), які впливають на вхід користувачів до системи, не "
+"буде показано у виведених chage даних."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: chage.1.xml.out:238 grpck.8.xml.out:294 login.defs.5.xml.out:410
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:185 pwck.8.xml.out:40 pwck.8.xml.out:47 pwck.8.xml.out:53
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:71 pwck.8.xml.out:147 pwck.8.xml.out:159 pwck.8.xml.out:191
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:223 pwck.8.xml.out:284 pwconv.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:248 shadow.5.xml.out:274
+msgid "pwck"
+msgstr "pwck"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:235
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program will also not report any inconsistency between "
+"the shadow and passwd files (e.g. missing x in the passwd file). The <_:"
+"command-2/> can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies."
+msgstr ""
+"Крім того, програма <_:command-1/> не повідомлятиме про несумісності у "
+"файлах shadow і passwd (наприклад, про те, що у файлі passwd немає якогось "
+"запису). Для пошуку подібних несумісностей можна скористатися програмою <_:"
+"command-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:241
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is restricted to the root user, except for the <_:"
+"option-2/> option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine "
+"when their password or account is due to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"Користуватися командою <_:command-1/> може лише користувач root, окрім "
+"варіанта з параметром <_:option-2/>, яким може скористатися непривілейований "
+"користувач для отримання даних щодо строку дії власного пароля або "
+"облікового запису."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:249 chfn.1.xml.out:170 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:175
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:216 chsh.1.xml.out:131 gpasswd.1.xml.out:241
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:247 groupdel.8.xml.out:133 groupmems.8.xml.out:176
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:212 grpck.8.xml.out:196 lastlog.8.xml.out:182
+#: login.1.xml.out:270 newgrp.1.xml.out:85 newusers.8.xml.out:360
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:372 pwck.8.xml.out:240 pwconv.8.xml.out:204 sg.1.xml.out:74
+#: su.1.xml.out:314 useradd.8.xml.out:710 userdel.8.xml.out:165
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:536 vipw.8.xml.out:142
+msgid "CONFIGURATION"
+msgstr "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:252 chfn.1.xml.out:68 chfn.1.xml.out:173 chfn.1.xml.out:187
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:155 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:205 chpasswd.8.xml.out:77 chpasswd.8.xml.out:134
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:200 chpasswd.8.xml.out:219 chpasswd.8.xml.out:247
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:134 chsh.1.xml.out:159 gpasswd.1.xml.out:244
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:129 groupadd.8.xml.out:239 groupadd.8.xml.out:250
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:276 groupdel.8.xml.out:136 groupmems.8.xml.out:179
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:109 groupmod.8.xml.out:204 groupmod.8.xml.out:215
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:239 grpck.8.xml.out:199 lastlog.8.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:273 login.1.xml.out:365 login.access.5.xml.out:100
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:116 login.defs.5.xml.out:515 newgrp.1.xml.out:88
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:340 newusers.8.xml.out:363 newusers.8.xml.out:423
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:375 passwd.1.xml.out:405 pwck.8.xml.out:243
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:148 pwconv.8.xml.out:207 pwconv.8.xml.out:215
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:230 sg.1.xml.out:77 su.1.xml.out:109 su.1.xml.out:219
+#: su.1.xml.out:277 su.1.xml.out:317 su.1.xml.out:357 useradd.8.xml.out:241
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:307 useradd.8.xml.out:378 useradd.8.xml.out:399
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:467 useradd.8.xml.out:474 useradd.8.xml.out:560
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:713 useradd.8.xml.out:797 userdel.8.xml.out:87
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:168 userdel.8.xml.out:191 userdel.8.xml.out:297
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:399 usermod.8.xml.out:539 usermod.8.xml.out:569
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "/etc/login.defs"
+msgstr "/etc/login.defs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:250 chfn.1.xml.out:171 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:176
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:217 chsh.1.xml.out:132 gpasswd.1.xml.out:242
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:248 groupdel.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:213 grpck.8.xml.out:197 lastlog.8.xml.out:183
+#: login.1.xml.out:271 newgrp.1.xml.out:86 newusers.8.xml.out:361
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:373 pwck.8.xml.out:241 sg.1.xml.out:75 su.1.xml.out:315
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:711 userdel.8.xml.out:166 usermod.8.xml.out:537
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:143
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior "
+"of this tool:"
+msgstr ""
+"Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у <_:filename-1/> змінюють поведінку цього "
+"інструмента:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:261 chfn.1.xml.out:184 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:190
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:232 chsh.1.xml.out:144 expiry.1.xml.out:97
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:220 gpasswd.1.xml.out:256
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:261 groupdel.8.xml.out:145 groupmems.8.xml.out:188
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:224 groups.1.xml.out:77 grpck.8.xml.out:208
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:194 limits.5.xml.out:172
+#: login.1.xml.out:314 login.access.5.xml.out:97 logoutd.8.xml.out:65
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:97 newusers.8.xml.out:396 passwd.1.xml.out:390
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:139 porttime.5.xml.out:106 pwck.8.xml.out:258
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:227 shadow.3.xml.out:202 shadow.5.xml.out:231
+#: sg.1.xml.out:86 su.1.xml.out:342 suauth.5.xml.out:169 useradd.8.xml.out:740
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:182 usermod.8.xml.out:554 vipw.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "FILES"
+msgstr "ФАЙЛИ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:265 chfn.1.xml.out:193 chpasswd.8.xml.out:235
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:147 expiry.1.xml.out:100 groupmod.8.xml.out:245
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:223 lastlog.8.xml.out:63 login.1.xml.out:145
+#: login.1.xml.out:329 newgrp.1.xml.out:65 newgrp.1.xml.out:70
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:100 newusers.8.xml.out:399 passwd.1.xml.out:393
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:47 passwd.5.xml.out:89 passwd.5.xml.out:142
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:73 pwck.8.xml.out:145 pwck.8.xml.out:212 pwck.8.xml.out:224
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:267 pwconv.8.xml.out:127 shadow.5.xml.out:234 sg.1.xml.out:89
+#: su.1.xml.out:185 su.1.xml.out:197 su.1.xml.out:345 useradd.8.xml.out:524
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:743 userdel.8.xml.out:197 usermod.8.xml.out:103
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:305 usermod.8.xml.out:362 usermod.8.xml.out:575
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:68 vipw.8.xml.out:187
+msgid "/etc/passwd"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:268 chfn.1.xml.out:195 chpasswd.8.xml.out:237
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:149 expiry.1.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:247
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:225 login.1.xml.out:331 newgrp.1.xml.out:102
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:401 passwd.1.xml.out:395 passwd.5.xml.out:144
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:269 shadow.5.xml.out:236 sg.1.xml.out:91 su.1.xml.out:347
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:745 userdel.8.xml.out:199 vipw.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "User account information."
+msgstr "Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:273 chpasswd.8.xml.out:241 expiry.1.xml.out:106
+#: login.1.xml.out:335 newgrp.1.xml.out:68 newgrp.1.xml.out:106
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:295 newusers.8.xml.out:405 passwd.1.xml.out:399
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:82 passwd.5.xml.out:148 pwck.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:107 pwck.8.xml.out:213 pwck.8.xml.out:225 pwck.8.xml.out:273
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:128 pwconv.8.xml.out:149 shadow.3.xml.out:97
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:173 shadow.3.xml.out:205 shadow.5.xml.out:78
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:240 sg.1.xml.out:95 su.1.xml.out:351 useradd.8.xml.out:439
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:464 useradd.8.xml.out:749 userdel.8.xml.out:203
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:144 usermod.8.xml.out:145 usermod.8.xml.out:166
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:167 usermod.8.xml.out:306 usermod.8.xml.out:581
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:71 vipw.8.xml.out:193
+msgid "/etc/shadow"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:276 chpasswd.8.xml.out:243 expiry.1.xml.out:108
+#: login.1.xml.out:337 newgrp.1.xml.out:108 newusers.8.xml.out:407
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:401 pwck.8.xml.out:275 shadow.3.xml.out:207
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:242 sg.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:353 useradd.8.xml.out:751
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:205 vipw.8.xml.out:195
+msgid "Secure user account information."
+msgstr "Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:283 groupadd.8.xml.out:298 groupdel.8.xml.out:163
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:254 grpck.8.xml.out:232 passwd.1.xml.out:420
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:282 su.1.xml.out:366 useradd.8.xml.out:806
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:230
+msgid "EXIT VALUES"
+msgstr "ЗНАЧЕННЯ ВИХОДУ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:290 groupadd.8.xml.out:305 groupdel.8.xml.out:170
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:239 passwd.1.xml.out:427 pwck.8.xml.out:289
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:813 userdel.8.xml.out:237
+msgid "success"
+msgstr "успіх"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:296 passwd.1.xml.out:433
+msgid "permission denied"
+msgstr "відмовлено у доступі"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#: chage.1.xml.out:300 groupadd.8.xml.out:309 groupdel.8.xml.out:174
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:265 groups.1.xml.out:95 groups.1.xml.out:98
+#: groups.1.xml.out:101 grpck.8.xml.out:249 limits.5.xml.out:90
+#: limits.5.xml.out:101 limits.5.xml.out:188 limits.5.xml.out:191
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:437 pwck.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:823
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:247
+msgid "2"
+msgstr "2"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:302 groupadd.8.xml.out:311 groupdel.8.xml.out:176
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:245 pwck.8.xml.out:295 useradd.8.xml.out:825
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:249
+msgid "invalid command syntax"
+msgstr "некоректний синтаксис команди"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:306
+msgid "15"
+msgstr "15"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:308
+msgid "can't find the shadow password file"
+msgstr "не вдалося знайти файл прихованих паролів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:284 groupadd.8.xml.out:299 groupdel.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:255 grpck.8.xml.out:233 passwd.1.xml.out:421
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:283 useradd.8.xml.out:807 userdel.8.xml.out:231
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command exits with the following values: <_:"
+"variablelist-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <_:command-1/> завершує роботу із такими значеннями: <_:"
+"variablelist-2/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:316 chfn.1.xml.out:202 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:214
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:262 chsh.1.xml.out:168 expiry.1.xml.out:115
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:232 gpasswd.1.xml.out:274
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:343 groupdel.8.xml.out:202 groupmems.8.xml.out:206
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:323 groups.1.xml.out:89 grpck.8.xml.out:277
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:150 limits.5.xml.out:182 login.1.xml.out:374
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:109 login.defs.5.xml.out:527 newgrp.1.xml.out:127
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:450 nologin.8.xml.out:57 passwd.1.xml.out:471
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:167 porttime.5.xml.out:118 pwck.8.xml.out:333
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:239 shadow.3.xml.out:214 shadow.5.xml.out:259
+#: sg.1.xml.out:116 su.1.xml.out:413 suauth.5.xml.out:198 useradd.8.xml.out:875
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:308 usermod.8.xml.out:602 vipw.8.xml.out:202
+msgid "SEE ALSO"
+msgstr "ДИВ. ТАКОЖ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:319 chfn.1.xml.out:211 chpasswd.8.xml.out:265
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:177 expiry.1.xml.out:118 groupadd.8.xml.out:351
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:211 groupmems.8.xml.out:215 groupmod.8.xml.out:332
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:291 lastlog.8.xml.out:176 login.1.xml.out:128
+#: login.1.xml.out:380 login.1.xml.out:395 login.defs.5.xml.out:399
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:516 login.defs.5.xml.out:533 login.defs.5.xml.out:539
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:79 newusers.8.xml.out:456 passwd.1.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:47 passwd.1.xml.out:53 passwd.1.xml.out:66
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:69 passwd.1.xml.out:86 passwd.1.xml.out:116
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:152 passwd.1.xml.out:366 passwd.1.xml.out:413
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:422 passwd.1.xml.out:451 passwd.1.xml.out:457
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:477 passwd.5.xml.out:33 passwd.5.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:182 pwck.8.xml.out:228 pwck.8.xml.out:342
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:84 pwconv.8.xml.out:99 shadow.5.xml.out:268
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:271 useradd.8.xml.out:884 userdel.8.xml.out:316
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:611 vipw.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "passwd"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:319 chage.1.xml.out:322 chfn.1.xml.out:208
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:211 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:223 chpasswd.8.xml.out:272
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:174 chsh.1.xml.out:177 expiry.1.xml.out:118
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:121 faillog.5.xml.out:34 faillog.8.xml.out:238
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:292 gpasswd.1.xml.out:295 groupadd.8.xml.out:363
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:344 grpck.8.xml.out:267 grpck.8.xml.out:280
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:287 grpck.8.xml.out:291 grpck.8.xml.out:297
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:23 gshadow.5.xml.out:153 gshadow.5.xml.out:156
+#: limits.5.xml.out:36 login.1.xml.out:389 login.1.xml.out:392
+#: login.1.xml.out:395 login.1.xml.out:398 login.access.5.xml.out:35
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:103 login.defs.5.xml.out:539 login.defs.5.xml.out:542
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:145 newgrp.1.xml.out:148 newusers.8.xml.out:79
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:453 newusers.8.xml.out:460 newusers.8.xml.out:463
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:48 nologin.8.xml.out:63 passwd.1.xml.out:455
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:477 passwd.1.xml.out:480 passwd.1.xml.out:484
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:34 passwd.5.xml.out:80 passwd.5.xml.out:194
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:34 pwck.8.xml.out:317 pwck.8.xml.out:336
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:342 pwck.8.xml.out:345 pwconv.8.xml.out:245
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:220 shadow.5.xml.out:34 shadow.5.xml.out:271
+#: sg.1.xml.out:134 sg.1.xml.out:137 su.1.xml.out:418 suauth.5.xml.out:34
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:91 useradd.8.xml.out:205 useradd.8.xml.out:628
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:899 useradd.8.xml.out:906 useradd.8.xml.out:909
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:319 userdel.8.xml.out:335 userdel.8.xml.out:338
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:162 usermod.8.xml.out:629 usermod.8.xml.out:633
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:636 vipw.8.xml.out:208 vipw.8.xml.out:211
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:214 vipw.8.xml.out:217 vipw.8.xml.out:220 vipw.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "5"
+msgstr "5"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:322 expiry.1.xml.out:121 grpck.8.xml.out:51
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:190 grpck.8.xml.out:297 login.defs.5.xml.out:542
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:480 passwd.5.xml.out:79 passwd.5.xml.out:194
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:229 pwck.8.xml.out:233 pwck.8.xml.out:345 pwconv.8.xml.out:84
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:85 pwconv.8.xml.out:100 pwconv.8.xml.out:101
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:33 shadow.3.xml.out:40 shadow.3.xml.out:96
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:220 shadow.5.xml.out:33 shadow.5.xml.out:40
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:47 useradd.8.xml.out:205 useradd.8.xml.out:628
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:162 vipw.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "shadow"
+msgstr "shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:317 expiry.1.xml.out:116 faillog.8.xml.out:233
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:58 shadow.3.xml.out:215
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>."
+msgstr "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:36 chfn.1.xml.out:43 chfn.1.xml.out:49 chfn.1.xml.out:62
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:89 chfn.1.xml.out:159 chfn.1.xml.out:164 chsh.1.xml.out:171
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:345 groupdel.8.xml.out:205 groupmems.8.xml.out:209
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:326 login.defs.5.xml.out:239 useradd.8.xml.out:878
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:310 usermod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:605
+msgid "chfn"
+msgstr "chfn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:44
+msgid "change real user name and information"
+msgstr "зміна справжнього імені користувача і відомостей щодо нього"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:65 passwd.5.xml.out:117
+msgid "finger"
+msgstr "finger"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:71 chfn.1.xml.out:110 groupadd.8.xml.out:106
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:145 groupadd.8.xml.out:323 groupmod.8.xml.out:93
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:405 useradd.8.xml.out:536
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:837 usermod.8.xml.out:271 usermod.8.xml.out:377
+msgid "-o"
+msgstr "-o"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes user fullname, office room number, office "
+"phone number, and home phone number information for a user's account. This "
+"information is typically printed by <_:citerefentry-2/> and similar "
+"programs. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, "
+"subject to the restrictions in <_:filename-3/>. (The default configuration "
+"is to prevent users from changing their fullname.) The superuser may change "
+"any field for any account. Additionally, only the superuser may use the <_:"
+"option-4/> option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <_:command-1/> змінює повне ім'я користувача, номер кімнати в офісі, "
+"номер телефону в офісі і дані щодо домашнього телефону для облікового запису "
+"користувача. Ці дані, зазвичай, виводить <_:citerefentry-2/> та подібні "
+"програми. Звичайні користувачі можуть змінювати значення полів лише для "
+"власного облікового запису, відповідно до обмежень у <_:filename-3/>. "
+"(Типовими налаштуваннями користувачам заборонено змінювати власне повне "
+"ім'я.) Надкористувач може змінювати будь-яке поле будь-якого облікового "
+"запису. Крім того, лише надкористувач може використовувати параметр <_:"
+"option-4/> для зміни невизначених частин поля GECOS."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:77 chfn.1.xml.out:80
+msgid "other"
+msgstr "other"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"These fields must not contain any colons. Except for the <_:emphasis-1/> "
+"field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign. It is also "
+"recommended to avoid non-US-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for "
+"the phone numbers. The <_:emphasis-2/> field is used to store accounting "
+"information used by other applications."
+msgstr ""
+"Ці поля не повинні містити двокрапок. Окрім поля <_:emphasis-1/>, у полях не "
+"повинно міститися ком та знаків рівності. Також рекомендуємо уникати "
+"символів поза US-ASCII, втім, примусово це обмеження застосовується лише до "
+"номерів телефонів. Поле <_:emphasis-2/> використовують для зберігання "
+"облікових даних, які використовують інші програми."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94 expiry.1.xml.out:61 expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:88 groupdel.8.xml.out:72 login.1.xml.out:90
+#: login.1.xml.out:190 login.1.xml.out:229 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622 userdel.8.xml.out:76 userdel.8.xml.out:287
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:302 usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "-f"
+msgstr "-f"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+msgid "--full-name"
+msgstr "--full-name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+msgid "FULL_NAME"
+msgstr "ІМ'Я_ПОВНІСТЮ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:97
+msgid "Change the user's full name."
+msgstr "Змінити повне ім'я користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+msgid "--home-phone"
+msgstr "--home-phone"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+msgid "HOME_PHONE"
+msgstr "ДОМАШНІЙ_ТЕЛЕФОН"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "Change the user's home phone number."
+msgstr "Змінити домашній телефон користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "--other"
+msgstr "--other"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "OTHER"
+msgstr "ІНШЕ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:113
+msgid ""
+"Change the user's other GECOS information. This field is used to store "
+"accounting information used by other applications, and can be changed only "
+"by a superuser."
+msgstr ""
+"Змінити інші відомості GECOS користувача. Це поле використовують для "
+"зберігання облікових даних, які використовують інші програми, його вміст "
+"може змінювати надкористувач."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122 faillog.8.xml.out:89 faillog.8.xml.out:144
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:186 faillog.8.xml.out:203 gpasswd.1.xml.out:173
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:112 groupadd.8.xml.out:185 grpck.8.xml.out:124
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 login.1.xml.out:220 login.1.xml.out:229
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:287 passwd.1.xml.out:268 pwck.8.xml.out:155
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188 useradd.8.xml.out:224 useradd.8.xml.out:456
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:542 userdel.8.xml.out:106 usermod.8.xml.out:317
+msgid "-r"
+msgstr "-r"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+msgid "--room"
+msgstr "--room"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+msgid "ROOM_NUMBER"
+msgstr "НОМЕР_КІМНАТИ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:125
+msgid "Change the user's room number."
+msgstr "Змінити номер кімнати користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:143 faillog.8.xml.out:80 faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:214 lastlog.8.xml.out:90 lastlog.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 passwd.1.xml.out:309 useradd.8.xml.out:414
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:279 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "-u"
+msgstr "-u"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151 passwd.1.xml.out:322 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+msgid "-w"
+msgstr "-w"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+msgid "--work-phone"
+msgstr "--work-phone"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+msgid "WORK_PHONE"
+msgstr "РОБОЧИЙ_ТЕЛЕФОН"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:154
+msgid "Change the user's office phone number."
+msgstr "Змінити робочий телефон користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of "
+"the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank "
+"to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> marks. Without options, <_:command-3/> prompts for the "
+"current user account."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо не буде вказано жодного параметра, <_:command-1/> буде запущено в "
+"інтерактивному режимі — програма покаже користувачеві поточні значення для "
+"усіх полів. Введіть нове значення, щоб змінити поле або нічого не вводьте, "
+"щоб лишити поточне значення. Поточне значення буде взято у квадратні дужки "
+"(<_:emphasis-2/>). Без параметрів <_:command-3/> попросить вказати поточний "
+"обліковий запис користувача.."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:189 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:207 chpasswd.8.xml.out:249
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:161 groupadd.8.xml.out:278 groupmod.8.xml.out:241
+#: login.1.xml.out:367 login.access.5.xml.out:102 newusers.8.xml.out:425
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:407 pwconv.8.xml.out:232 su.1.xml.out:359
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:799 userdel.8.xml.out:193
+msgid "Shadow password suite configuration."
+msgstr "Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:205 chsh.1.xml.out:36 chsh.1.xml.out:43 chsh.1.xml.out:49
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:62 chsh.1.xml.out:73 chsh.1.xml.out:109
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:348 groupdel.8.xml.out:208 groupmems.8.xml.out:212
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:329 login.defs.5.xml.out:270 useradd.8.xml.out:881
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:313 usermod.8.xml.out:608
+msgid "chsh"
+msgstr "chsh"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:208 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:223 chpasswd.8.xml.out:272
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:174 groupadd.8.xml.out:194 groupadd.8.xml.out:363
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:344 login.1.xml.out:389 login.defs.5.xml.out:102
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:109 newusers.8.xml.out:298 newusers.8.xml.out:453
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:484 pwconv.8.xml.out:92 pwconv.8.xml.out:94
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:108 pwconv.8.xml.out:245 su.1.xml.out:418
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:899 userdel.8.xml.out:117 userdel.8.xml.out:319
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:629 vipw.8.xml.out:214
+msgid "login.defs"
+msgstr "login.defs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:203 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:215 chsh.1.xml.out:169
+#: limits.5.xml.out:183
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>."
+msgstr "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Creation, 2006"
+msgstr "Створення, 2006"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:33 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:40 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:46
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:56 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:66 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:83
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:249
+msgid "chgpasswd"
+msgstr "chgpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:34 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:220 chpasswd.8.xml.out:38
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:268 chpasswd.8.xml.out:276 faillog.5.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:34 gpasswd.1.xml.out:280 gpasswd.1.xml.out:283
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:286 gpasswd.1.xml.out:289 groupadd.8.xml.out:37
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:354 groupadd.8.xml.out:357 groupadd.8.xml.out:360
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:366 groupadd.8.xml.out:369 groupadd.8.xml.out:372
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:35 groupdel.8.xml.out:186 groupdel.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:217 groupdel.8.xml.out:220 groupdel.8.xml.out:223
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:226 groupdel.8.xml.out:229 groupmems.8.xml.out:38
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:218 groupmems.8.xml.out:221 groupmems.8.xml.out:224
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:227 groupmems.8.xml.out:230 groupmod.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:335 groupmod.8.xml.out:338 groupmod.8.xml.out:341
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:347 groupmod.8.xml.out:350 groupmod.8.xml.out:353
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:34 grpck.8.xml.out:283 grpck.8.xml.out:294
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:159 gshadow.5.xml.out:162 lastlog.8.xml.out:36
+#: login.1.xml.out:174 login.1.xml.out:176 login.1.xml.out:249
+#: login.1.xml.out:251 login.1.xml.out:401 login.defs.5.xml.out:545
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:34 newusers.8.xml.out:50 newusers.8.xml.out:467
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:23 passwd.1.xml.out:474 passwd.1.xml.out:488
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:185 passwd.5.xml.out:188 passwd.5.xml.out:191
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:200 pwck.8.xml.out:41 pwck.8.xml.out:339 pwck.8.xml.out:348
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:40 pwconv.8.xml.out:242 pwconv.8.xml.out:248
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:251 pwconv.8.xml.out:254 shadow.5.xml.out:274
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:277 shadow.5.xml.out:280 shadow.5.xml.out:286
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:192 useradd.8.xml.out:53 useradd.8.xml.out:574
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:890 useradd.8.xml.out:893 useradd.8.xml.out:896
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:902 useradd.8.xml.out:913 useradd.8.xml.out:916
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:40 userdel.8.xml.out:259 userdel.8.xml.out:322
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:325 userdel.8.xml.out:328 userdel.8.xml.out:331
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:342 userdel.8.xml.out:345 usermod.8.xml.out:41
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:617 usermod.8.xml.out:620 usermod.8.xml.out:623
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:626 usermod.8.xml.out:640 usermod.8.xml.out:643
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:36
+msgid "8"
+msgstr "8"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:35 chpasswd.8.xml.out:39 faillog.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:38 groupdel.8.xml.out:36 groupmems.8.xml.out:39
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:36 grpck.8.xml.out:35 lastlog.8.xml.out:37
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:35 newusers.8.xml.out:51 nologin.8.xml.out:24
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:42 pwconv.8.xml.out:41 useradd.8.xml.out:54
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:41 usermod.8.xml.out:42 vipw.8.xml.out:37
+msgid "System Management Commands"
+msgstr "Команди керування системою"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "update group passwords in batch mode"
+msgstr "оновлення паролів груп у пакетному режимі"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:55
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of group name and password pairs "
+"from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing "
+"groups. Each line is of the format:"
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <_:command-1/> читає список пар назва групи — пароль зі стандартного "
+"джерела вхідних даних і використовує ці дані для оновлення набору наявних "
+"груп. Кожен рядок записується у такому форматі:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:61 groupmems.8.xml.out:54 groupmems.8.xml.out:110
+msgid "group_name"
+msgstr "назва_групи"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:62 chpasswd.8.xml.out:66 passwd.5.xml.out:77
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:86 passwd.5.xml.out:91 passwd.5.xml.out:95
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:98
+msgid "password"
+msgstr "пароль"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:60 chpasswd.8.xml.out:64
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>"
+msgstr "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:64
+msgid ""
+"By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted by "
+"<_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Типово, наданий пароль має бути простим текстовим. Його буде зашифровано за "
+"допомогою <_:command-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chpasswd.8.xml.out:75 chpasswd.8.xml.out:132
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:129
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD"
+msgstr "ENCRYPT_METHOD"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:71 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101 chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:130 chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:180 useradd.8.xml.out:179 useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "-e"
+msgstr "-e"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: arg/arg
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:72 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:114 chpasswd.8.xml.out:129
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:73 newusers.8.xml.out:268
+#: sg.1.xml.out:50 su.1.xml.out:86 su.1.xml.out:126 su.1.xml.out:131
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "-c"
+msgstr "-c"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:68
+msgid ""
+"The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:"
+"option-1/> variable of <_:filename-2/>, and can be overwritten with the <_:"
+"option-3/>, <_:option-4/>, or <_:option-5/> options."
+msgstr ""
+"Типовий алгоритм шифрування може бути визначено для системи за допомогою "
+"змінної <_:option-1/> у <_:filename-2/>, і може бути перезаписано за "
+"допомогою параметрів <_:option-3/>, <_:option-4/> або <_:option-5/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:74 chpasswd.8.xml.out:99
+msgid ""
+"This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many "
+"accounts are created at a single time."
+msgstr ""
+"Цю команду призначено для використання у великих системних середовищах, де "
+"одночасно створюють багато облікових записів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chpasswd.8.xml.out:114 newusers.8.xml.out:268
+msgid "--crypt-method"
+msgstr "--crypt-method"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:90 chpasswd.8.xml.out:117 newusers.8.xml.out:270
+msgid "Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr "Скористатися для шифрування паролів вказаним методом."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:91 chpasswd.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "The available methods are DES, MD5, and NONE."
+msgstr "Доступними методами є DES, MD5 і NONE."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:94 chpasswd.8.xml.out:121 newusers.8.xml.out:271
+msgid ""
+"The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc "
+"support these methods."
+msgstr ""
+"Доступними методами є DES, MD5, NONE і SHA256 або SHA512, якщо у вашій libc "
+"передбачено підтримку цих методів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101 chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+msgid "--encrypted"
+msgstr "--encrypted"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:103 chpasswd.8.xml.out:141
+msgid "Supplied passwords are in encrypted form."
+msgstr "Надані паролі подано у зашифрованій формі."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+msgid "--md5"
+msgstr "--md5"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:115 chpasswd.8.xml.out:157
+msgid ""
+"Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are not "
+"encrypted."
+msgstr ""
+"Скористатися шифруванням MD5 замість DES, якщо надані паролі не зашифровано."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135 chpasswd.8.xml.out:178 chsh.1.xml.out:97
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:108 grpck.8.xml.out:124 grpck.8.xml.out:161
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320 pwck.8.xml.out:155 pwck.8.xml.out:209
+#: su.1.xml.out:163 useradd.8.xml.out:517 useradd.8.xml.out:655
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357 vipw.8.xml.out:70 vipw.8.xml.out:127
+msgid "-s"
+msgstr "-s"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135 chpasswd.8.xml.out:178 newusers.8.xml.out:320
+msgid "--sha-rounds"
+msgstr "--sha-rounds"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:137 chpasswd.8.xml.out:181 newusers.8.xml.out:322
+msgid "Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr "Використати вказану кількість циклів шифрування паролів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:140 chpasswd.8.xml.out:184 newusers.8.xml.out:325
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number of rounds "
+"for the crypt method (5000)."
+msgstr ""
+"Значення 0 означає, що система вибере типову кількість проходів для методу "
+"шифрування (5000)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:144 chpasswd.8.xml.out:188 newusers.8.xml.out:329
+msgid ""
+"A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced."
+msgstr ""
+"Буде примусово встановлено мінімальне значення 1000 і максимальне значення "
+"999999999."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:148 chpasswd.8.xml.out:192 newusers.8.xml.out:333
+msgid "You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt method."
+msgstr ""
+"Ви можете скористатися цим параметром у поєднанні із методами шифрування "
+"SHA256 або SHA512."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:152 newusers.8.xml.out:337
+msgid ""
+"By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and "
+"SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Типово, кількість проходів визначається за допомогою змінних "
+"SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS і SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS у <_:filename-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:163 chpasswd.8.xml.out:208 faillog.8.xml.out:209
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:229 groupadd.8.xml.out:285 groupdel.8.xml.out:121
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:206 login.1.xml.out:236 newusers.8.xml.out:348
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:354 shadow.3.xml.out:194 su.1.xml.out:306
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:682 userdel.8.xml.out:281 usermod.8.xml.out:517
+msgid "CAVEATS"
+msgstr "ЗАСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:164 chpasswd.8.xml.out:209
+msgid ""
+"Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of unencrypted "
+"files by other users."
+msgstr ""
+"Не забудьте встановити права доступу або umask, щоб запобігти доступності до "
+"читання нешифрованих файлів сторонніми користувачами."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:168 newusers.8.xml.out:353
+msgid ""
+"You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect the "
+"system's password policy."
+msgstr ""
+"Вам слід переконатися, що паролі і метод шифрування відповідає правилам "
+"поводження з паролями у системі."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:193 gpasswd.1.xml.out:48 gpasswd.1.xml.out:51
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:73 gpasswd.1.xml.out:231 gpasswd.1.xml.out:259
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:170 groupadd.8.xml.out:264 groupdel.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:191 groupmod.8.xml.out:227 groups.1.xml.out:58
+#: groups.1.xml.out:70 groups.1.xml.out:80 grpck.8.xml.out:62
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:81 grpck.8.xml.out:94 grpck.8.xml.out:112
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:177 grpck.8.xml.out:185
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:211 gshadow.5.xml.out:91 gshadow.5.xml.out:124
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:135 newgrp.1.xml.out:80 newgrp.1.xml.out:112
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:411 pwck.8.xml.out:261 pwconv.8.xml.out:128
+#: sg.1.xml.out:101 suauth.5.xml.out:90 useradd.8.xml.out:755
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:185 usermod.8.xml.out:557 vipw.8.xml.out:69
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:175
+msgid "/etc/group"
+msgstr "/etc/group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:195 gpasswd.1.xml.out:261 groupadd.8.xml.out:266
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:150 groupmems.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:229
+#: groups.1.xml.out:82 grpck.8.xml.out:213 gshadow.5.xml.out:137
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:114 newusers.8.xml.out:413 pwck.8.xml.out:263
+#: sg.1.xml.out:103 useradd.8.xml.out:757 userdel.8.xml.out:187
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "Group account information."
+msgstr "Відомості щодо груп облікових записів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:199 gpasswd.1.xml.out:52 gpasswd.1.xml.out:74
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:232 gpasswd.1.xml.out:265 groupadd.8.xml.out:170
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:270 groupdel.8.xml.out:154 groupmems.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:88 groupmems.8.xml.out:98 groupmems.8.xml.out:103
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:104 groupmems.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:135
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:197 groupmod.8.xml.out:233 grpck.8.xml.out:63
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:93 grpck.8.xml.out:114 grpck.8.xml.out:166
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:186 grpck.8.xml.out:217 gshadow.5.xml.out:36
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:141 newgrp.1.xml.out:78 newgrp.1.xml.out:118
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:417 pwconv.8.xml.out:129 sg.1.xml.out:107
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:761 usermod.8.xml.out:563 vipw.8.xml.out:72
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:181
+msgid "/etc/gshadow"
+msgstr "/etc/gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:201 gpasswd.1.xml.out:267 groupadd.8.xml.out:272
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:156 groupmod.8.xml.out:235 grpck.8.xml.out:219
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:143 newgrp.1.xml.out:120 newusers.8.xml.out:419
+#: sg.1.xml.out:109 useradd.8.xml.out:763 vipw.8.xml.out:183
+msgid "Secure group account information."
+msgstr "Відомості щодо захищених груп облікових записів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:217 gpasswd.1.xml.out:38 gpasswd.1.xml.out:45
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:59 gpasswd.1.xml.out:72 gpasswd.1.xml.out:85
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:119 groupadd.8.xml.out:354 groupdel.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:335 gshadow.5.xml.out:153 login.defs.5.xml.out:280
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:142 sg.1.xml.out:131 userdel.8.xml.out:322
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:617
+msgid "gpasswd"
+msgstr "gpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:220 gpasswd.1.xml.out:280 groupadd.8.xml.out:36
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:43 groupadd.8.xml.out:49 groupadd.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:82 groupadd.8.xml.out:292 groupadd.8.xml.out:300
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:217 groupmems.8.xml.out:218 groupmod.8.xml.out:338
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:290 useradd.8.xml.out:890 userdel.8.xml.out:325
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:620
+msgid "groupadd"
+msgstr "groupadd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:21 groupadd.8.xml.out:20 groupdel.8.xml.out:18
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:18 groups.1.xml.out:17 login.defs.5.xml.out:86
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:17 newgrp.1.xml.out:18 newusers.8.xml.out:33
+#: sg.1.xml.out:18 useradd.8.xml.out:36 userdel.8.xml.out:23
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "Creation, 1991"
+msgstr "Створення, 1991"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:37 chpasswd.8.xml.out:44 chpasswd.8.xml.out:50
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:60 chpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chpasswd.8.xml.out:89
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:96 chpasswd.8.xml.out:108 chpasswd.8.xml.out:255
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:259 passwd.1.xml.out:474
+msgid "chpasswd"
+msgstr "chpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:45
+msgid "update passwords in batch mode"
+msgstr "оновлення паролів у пакетному режимі"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:59
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of user name and password pairs from "
+"standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing "
+"users. Each line is of the format:"
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <_:command-1/> читає список пар ім'я користувача — пароль зі "
+"стандартного джерела вхідних даних і використовує ці дані для оновлення "
+"набору наявних записів користувачів. Кожен рядок записується у такому "
+"форматі:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:52 groupmems.8.xml.out:53
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "user_name"
+msgstr "ім'я_користувача"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:68
+msgid ""
+"By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are encrypted "
+"by <_:command-1/>. Also the password age will be updated, if present."
+msgstr ""
+"Типово, паролі має бути надано простим текстом. Паролі буде зашифровано за "
+"допомогою <_:command-1/>. Також буде оновлено дані щодо віку пароля, якщо "
+"такі збережено."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:76 chpasswd.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgstr "MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:73
+msgid ""
+"The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:"
+"option-1/> or <_:option-2/> variables of <_:filename-3/>, and can be "
+"overwritten with the <_:option-4/>, <_:option-5/>, or <_:option-6/> options."
+msgstr ""
+"Типовий алгоритм шифрування може бути визначено для системи за допомогою "
+"змінної <_:option-1/> або <_:option-2/> у <_:filename-3/>, і може бути "
+"перезаписано за допомогою параметрів <_:option-4/>, <_:option-5/> або <_:"
+"option-6/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:81
+msgid ""
+"By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not recommended) "
+"you can select a different encryption method with the <_:option-1/>, <_:"
+"option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options."
+msgstr ""
+"Типово, паролі шифрує PAM, але (навіть якщо це не рекомендовано) ви можете "
+"вибрати інший метод шифрування за допомогою параметрів <_:option-1/>, <_:"
+"option-2/> або <_:option-3/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:88
+msgid "Except when PAM is used to encrypt the passwords,"
+msgstr "Окрім випадків, коли для шифрування паролів використано PAM,"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:87
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> <_:command-2/> first updates all the passwords in memory, and "
+"then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> <_:command-2/> спершу оновлює усі паролі у пам'яті, а потім "
+"записує усі зміни на диск, якщо не сталося помилок для якогось з "
+"користувачів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:93
+msgid ""
+"When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in the "
+"system database) then if a password cannot be updated <_:command-1/> "
+"continues updating the passwords of the next users, and will return an error "
+"code on exit."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо для шифрування паролів використано PAM (і його ж використано для "
+"оновлення паролів у базі даних системи), тоді, якщо пароль не може бути "
+"оновлено, <_:command-1/> продовжить оновлення паролів наступних записів "
+"користувачів і поверне код помилки при виході з програми."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "METHOD"
+msgstr "METHOD"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr "Типово, для шифрування паролів буде використано PAM."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:128
+msgid ""
+"By default (if none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> "
+"options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the <_:option-4/"
+"> or <_:option-5/> variables of <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Типово, (якщо не вказано жодного з параметрів <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> "
+"або <_:option-3/>), метод шифрування буде визначено змінною <_:option-4/> "
+"або <_:option-5/> у <_:filename-6/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+msgid "ROUNDS"
+msgstr "ROUNDS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:198
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgstr "SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS"
+msgstr "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:196
+msgid ""
+"By default, the number of rounds is defined by the <_:option-1/> and <_:"
+"option-2/> variables in <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Типово, кількість проходів визначено змінними <_:option-1/> і <_:option-2/> "
+"у <_:filename-3/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:253
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/chpasswd"
+msgstr "/etc/pam.d/chpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:255 newusers.8.xml.out:431 passwd.1.xml.out:413
+msgid "PAM configuration for <_:command-1/>."
+msgstr "Налаштування PAM для <_:command-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:268 login.defs.5.xml.out:380 newusers.8.xml.out:49
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:56 newusers.8.xml.out:62 newusers.8.xml.out:75
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:96 newusers.8.xml.out:123 newusers.8.xml.out:132
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:151 newusers.8.xml.out:164 newusers.8.xml.out:170
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:172 newusers.8.xml.out:210 newusers.8.xml.out:230
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:252 newusers.8.xml.out:431 useradd.8.xml.out:902
+msgid "newusers"
+msgstr "newusers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:270 grpck.8.xml.out:285 passwd.1.xml.out:482
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>,"
+msgstr "<_:citerefentry-1/>,"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:276 groupadd.8.xml.out:366 groupdel.8.xml.out:223
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:224 groupmod.8.xml.out:347 login.defs.5.xml.out:462
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:467 useradd.8.xml.out:52 useradd.8.xml.out:59
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:64 useradd.8.xml.out:71 useradd.8.xml.out:75
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:87 useradd.8.xml.out:90 useradd.8.xml.out:103
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:129 useradd.8.xml.out:187 useradd.8.xml.out:209
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:239 useradd.8.xml.out:284 useradd.8.xml.out:341
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:472 useradd.8.xml.out:584 useradd.8.xml.out:586
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:690 useradd.8.xml.out:808 userdel.8.xml.out:342
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:640
+msgid "useradd"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:263 newusers.8.xml.out:451
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:44
+msgid "change login shell"
+msgstr "зміна оболонки входу"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes the user login shell. This determines the "
+"name of the user's initial login command. A normal user may only change the "
+"login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell "
+"for any account."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <_:command-1/> змінює оболонку входу користувача. Команда визначає "
+"назву початкової команди входу користувача. Звичайний користувач може "
+"змінювати оболонку входу лише для власного облікового запису; надкористувач "
+"може змінювати оболонку входу для будь-якого облікового запису."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:163 su.1.xml.out:199 useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:655 usermod.8.xml.out:357
+msgid "--shell"
+msgstr "--shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:163 useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:522 useradd.8.xml.out:655 useradd.8.xml.out:662
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357
+msgid "SHELL"
+msgstr "ОБОЛОНКА"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank causes "
+"the system to select the default login shell."
+msgstr ""
+"Назва нової оболонки для входу користувача. Встановлення для цього поля "
+"порожнього значення призведе до того, що система вибере типову оболонку для "
+"входу."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:107
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:option-1/> option is not selected, <_:command-2/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell. Enter "
+"the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the "
+"current one. The current shell is displayed between a pair of <_:emphasis-3/"
+"> marks."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо не буде вказано параметра <_:option-1/>, <_:command-2/> буде запущено в "
+"інтерактивному режимі — програма покаже користувачеві поточне значення для "
+"оболонки входу. Введіть нове значення, щоб змінити оболонку або нічого не "
+"вводьте, щоб лишити поточну. Поточну оболонку буде взято у квадратні дужки "
+"(<_:emphasis-3/>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:120 chsh.1.xml.out:124 chsh.1.xml.out:153 su.1.xml.out:198
+msgid "/etc/shells"
+msgstr "/etc/shells"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "/bin/rsh"
+msgstr "/bin/rsh"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:118
+msgid ""
+"The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must "
+"be listed in <_:filename-1/>, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then "
+"any value may be added. An account with a restricted login shell may not "
+"change her login shell. For this reason, placing <_:filename-2/> in <_:"
+"filename-3/> is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted "
+"shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its "
+"original value."
+msgstr ""
+"Єдиним обмеженням, яке накладають на оболонку входу є те, що назва команди "
+"має бути частиною списку у <_:filename-1/>, якщо команду не викликано від "
+"імені надкористувача. Надкористувач може додавати будь-яке значення. "
+"Власники облікових записів із обмеженою оболонкою для входу не може "
+"змінювати власну оболонку. З цієї причини не варто додавати <_:filename-2/> "
+"у <_:filename-3/>, оскільки випадкова зміна обмеженої командної оболонки "
+"призведе до повної заборони для користувача змінювати оболонку входу та "
+"початкову."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:155
+msgid "List of valid login shells."
+msgstr "Список чинних оболонок входу."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:37 expiry.1.xml.out:44 expiry.1.xml.out:50
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:69
+msgid "expiry"
+msgstr "expiry"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:45
+msgid "check and enforce password expiration policy"
+msgstr "перевірка і встановлення правил застарівання паролів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:52 gpasswd.1.xml.out:61
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "параметр"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:59
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command checks (<_:option-2/>) the current password "
+"expiration and forces (<_:option-3/>) changes when required. It is callable "
+"as a normal user command."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <_:command-1/> перевіряє (<_:option-2/>) поточний пароль на "
+"застарівання і примушує до його зміни (<_:option-3/>), якщо це потрібно. "
+"Команду можна викликати від імені звичайного користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:73
+msgid "--check"
+msgstr "--check"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:75
+msgid "Check the password expiration of the current user."
+msgstr "Перевірити застарівання пароля для поточного користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:79 groupadd.8.xml.out:88 groupdel.8.xml.out:72
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "--force"
+msgstr "--force"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:81
+msgid "Force a password change if the current user has an expired password."
+msgstr ""
+"Примусити до зміни пароля, якщо строк дії пароля поточного користувача "
+"вичерпано."
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:17 faillog.8.xml.out:17 login.1.xml.out:50
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:24 passwd.5.xml.out:17 porttime.5.xml.out:17
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:17 shadow.5.xml.out:17 su.1.xml.out:34
+msgid "Creation, 1989"
+msgstr "Створення, 1989"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:33 faillog.5.xml.out:40 faillog.5.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:33 faillog.8.xml.out:40 faillog.8.xml.out:46
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:56 faillog.8.xml.out:59 faillog.8.xml.out:67
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:76 faillog.8.xml.out:203 faillog.8.xml.out:211
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:238
+msgid "faillog"
+msgstr "faillog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:35 gshadow.5.xml.out:24 limits.5.xml.out:37
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:36 login.defs.5.xml.out:104 passwd.5.xml.out:35
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:35 shadow.5.xml.out:35 suauth.5.xml.out:35
+msgid "File Formats and Configuration Files"
+msgstr "Формати файлів і файли налаштувань"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "login failure logging file"
+msgstr "файл журналу невдалих спроб увійти до системи"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:47 faillog.5.xml.out:75 faillog.8.xml.out:57
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:113 faillog.8.xml.out:138 faillog.8.xml.out:150
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "/var/log/faillog"
+msgstr "/var/log/faillog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:46
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:filename-1/> зберігає кількість помилок під час входу і обмеження для "
+"кожного з облікових записів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:50
+msgid ""
+"The file contains fixed length records, indexed by numerical UID. Each "
+"record contains the count of login failures since the last successful login; "
+"the maximum number of failures before the account is disabled; the line on "
+"which the last login failure occurred; the date of the last login failure; "
+"and the duration (in seconds) during which the account will be locked after "
+"a failure."
+msgstr ""
+"У файлі містяться записи фіксованої довжини, індексовані за числовим UID. "
+"Кожен запис містить кількість помилок при вході з моменту останнього "
+"успішного входу до системи; максимальну кількість помилок до вимикання "
+"облікового запису; рядок, на якому сталася помилка під час останньої спроби "
+"увійти до системи; дату останньої помилки під час спроби увійти до системи "
+"та період часу (у секундах), протягом якого обліковий запис буде заблоковано "
+"після помилки."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "The structure of the file is:"
+msgstr "Структура файла:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"struct faillog { short fail_cnt; short fail_max; char fail_line[12]; time_t "
+"fail_time; long fail_locktime; };"
+msgstr ""
+"struct faillog { short fail_cnt; short fail_max; char fail_line[12]; time_t "
+"fail_time; long fail_locktime; };"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:77 faillog.8.xml.out:225
+msgid "Failure logging file."
+msgstr "Файл журналу помилок."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "display faillog records or set login failure limits"
+msgstr ""
+"вивести записи faillog або встановити обмеження на невдалі спроби увійти до "
+"системи"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:55
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> displays the contents of the failure log database (<_:"
+"filename-2/>). It can also set the failure counters and limits. When <_:"
+"command-3/> is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records "
+"of the users who had a login failure."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:command-1/> показує вміст бази даних помилок під час входу до системи (<_:"
+"filename-2/>). Ця програма також може встановлювати лічильник і обмеження "
+"помилок. Якщо <_:command-3/> запущено без аргументів, програма покаже лише "
+"записи користувачів, при спробах входу до системи яких сталася помилка."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:215 gpasswd.1.xml.out:124
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmod.8.xml.out:73 passwd.1.xml.out:157
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:78 usermod.8.xml.out:210
+msgid "-a"
+msgstr "-a"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72 passwd.1.xml.out:157
+msgid "--all"
+msgstr "--all"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:74
+msgid ""
+"Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the <_:"
+"filename-1/> database."
+msgstr ""
+"Вивести (або виконати дію) над записами faillog для усіх користувачів, запис "
+"яких міститься у базі даних <_:filename-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:78
+msgid "The range of users can be restricted with the <_:option-1/> option."
+msgstr ""
+"Діапазон учасників можна обмежити за допомогою параметра <_:option-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:82
+msgid ""
+"In display mode, this is still restricted to existing users but forces the "
+"display of the faillog entries even if they are empty."
+msgstr ""
+"У режимі показу діапазон буде обмежено наявними користувачами, але буде "
+"примусово показано записи faillog, навіть якщо вони є порожніми."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:89 faillog.8.xml.out:169 lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+msgid "-t"
+msgstr "-t"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:87
+msgid ""
+"With the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:option-4/> options, "
+"the users' records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the "
+"system. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or "
+"to set a policy in advance for a range of users."
+msgstr ""
+"З параметрами <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:option-4/> "
+"записи користувачів буде змінено, навіть якщо запису користувача не існує у "
+"системі. Це корисно для скидання записів користувачів, облікові записи яких "
+"було вилучено, або встановлення наперед правил для діапазону користувачів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105
+msgid "--lock-secs"
+msgstr "--lock-secs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105 faillog.8.xml.out:109
+msgid "SEC"
+msgstr "СЕК"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "Lock account for <_:replaceable-1/> seconds after failed login."
+msgstr ""
+"Заблокувати обліковий запис на <_:replaceable-1/> секунд після невдалої "
+"спроби увійти до системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:112 faillog.8.xml.out:137 faillog.8.xml.out:149
+msgid "Write access to <_:filename-1/> is required for this option."
+msgstr ""
+"Для користування цим параметром потрібен доступ до запису для файла <_:"
+"filename-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "--maximum"
+msgstr "--maximum"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120 faillog.8.xml.out:125 faillog.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "MAX"
+msgstr "МАКСИМУМ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:123
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Встановити максимальну кількість невдалих спроб, після якої обліковий запис "
+"буде вимкнено, у значення <_:replaceable-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:127
+msgid ""
+"Selecting a <_:replaceable-1/> value of 0 has the effect of not placing a "
+"limit on the number of failed logins."
+msgstr ""
+"Вибір для <_:replaceable-1/> значення 0 призведе до усування обмеження на "
+"кількість невдалих спроб увійти до системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:160 porttime.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "root"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"The maximum failure count should always be 0 for <_:emphasis-1/> to prevent "
+"a denial of services attack against the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Для <_:emphasis-1/> максимальною кількістю невдалих спроб увійти до системи "
+"має завжди бути 0, щоб запобігти спробам атакувати систему, викликавши "
+"відмову в обслуговуванні."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144
+msgid "--reset"
+msgstr "--reset"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "Reset the counters of login failures."
+msgstr "Скинути лічильники помилок входу."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+msgid "--time"
+msgstr "--time"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 faillog.8.xml.out:174 lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:79 lastlog.8.xml.out:128 lastlog.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "DAYS"
+msgstr "ДНІ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "Display faillog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr "Показати записи faillog, які є свіжішими за <_:replaceable-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180 lastlog.8.xml.out:90 lastlog.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 vipw.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "--user"
+msgstr "--user"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180 faillog.8.xml.out:190 faillog.8.xml.out:191
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 lastlog.8.xml.out:147 lastlog.8.xml.out:148
+msgid "RANGE"
+msgstr "ДІАПАЗОН"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:179 lastlog.8.xml.out:138
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>|<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>|<_:replaceable-4/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used "
+"with <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/> options) only for the "
+"specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+"Вивести запис журналу помилок або лічильників помилок і обмежень на помилки "
+"(якщо використано з <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> або <_:option-3/>) лише для "
+"вказаних користувачів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:193 lastlog.8.xml.out:149
+msgid "UID_MIN-UID_MAX"
+msgstr "UID_MIN-UID_MAX"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:194 lastlog.8.xml.out:150
+msgid "-UID_MAX"
+msgstr "-UID_MAX"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:195 lastlog.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "UID_MIN-"
+msgstr "UID_MIN-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:188 lastlog.8.xml.out:145
+msgid ""
+"The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a <_:"
+"replaceable-1/> of users. This <_:replaceable-2/> of users can be specified "
+"with a min and max values (<_:replaceable-3/>), a max value (<_:"
+"replaceable-4/>), or a min value (<_:replaceable-5/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Користувачів можна задавати за обліковим записом для входу, числовим "
+"ідентифікатором користувача або значенням <_:replaceable-1/> для "
+"користувачів. <_:replaceable-2/> користувачів можна вказати за допомогою "
+"мінімального і максимального значень (<_:replaceable-3/>), максимального "
+"значення (<_:replaceable-4/>) або мінімального значення (<_:replaceable-5/>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:201
+msgid ""
+"When none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options are "
+"used, <_:command-4/> displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо не вказано жодного з параметрів <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> або <_:"
+"option-3/>, <_:command-4/> показує запис faillog вказаних користувачів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:210
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> only prints out users with no successful login since the last "
+"failure. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last "
+"failure, you must explicitly request the user with the <_:option-2/> flag, "
+"or print out all users with the <_:option-3/> flag."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:command-1/> виводить дані лише користувачів, які не мали успішних входів "
+"до системи з моменту останньої помилки. Щоб було виведено запис користувача, "
+"який успішно входив до системи з часу останньої помилки, вам слід явним "
+"чином надіслати запит щодо користувача за допомогою прапорця <_:option-2/> "
+"або наказати програмі вивести дані усіх користувачів за допомогою прапорця "
+"<_:option-3/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:235 limits.5.xml.out:125 limits.5.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:66 login.1.xml.out:73 login.1.xml.out:79 login.1.xml.out:87
+#: login.1.xml.out:94 login.1.xml.out:103 login.1.xml.out:106
+#: login.1.xml.out:108 login.1.xml.out:112 login.1.xml.out:119
+#: login.1.xml.out:171 login.1.xml.out:177 login.1.xml.out:230
+#: login.1.xml.out:238 login.1.xml.out:247 login.1.xml.out:253
+#: login.1.xml.out:259 login.access.5.xml.out:112 login.defs.5.xml.out:343
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:518 login.defs.5.xml.out:530 newgrp.1.xml.out:133
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:60 passwd.5.xml.out:125 passwd.5.xml.out:132
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:179 porttime.5.xml.out:121 shadow.5.xml.out:265
+#: sg.1.xml.out:122 su.1.xml.out:415
+msgid "login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:20
+msgid "Rafal"
+msgstr "Rafal"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:21
+msgid "Maszkowski"
+msgstr "Maszkowski"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:22 login.access.5.xml.out:18 pwconv.8.xml.out:23
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Creation, 1996"
+msgstr "Створення, 1996"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:47
+msgid "administer <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr "адміністрування <_:filename-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:50
+msgid "administer <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>"
+msgstr "адміністрування <_:filename-1/> і <_:filename-2/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:64 gpasswd.1.xml.out:89 gpasswd.1.xml.out:129
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:142 gpasswd.1.xml.out:177 gpasswd.1.xml.out:181
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:193 gpasswd.1.xml.out:197 gpasswd.1.xml.out:292
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:49 grpck.8.xml.out:188 grpck.8.xml.out:280
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:156 limits.5.xml.out:138 newgrp.1.xml.out:48
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:145 pwck.8.xml.out:336 pwconv.8.xml.out:114
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:120 sg.1.xml.out:134 vipw.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "group"
+msgstr "група"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:73
+msgid ", and <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr " і <_:filename-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:76
+msgid "administrators,"
+msgstr "адміністраторів,"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:71
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to administer <_:filename-2/><_:phrase-3/"
+">. Every group can have <_:phrase-4/> members and a password."
+msgstr ""
+"Команду <_:command-1/> використовують для адміністрування <_:filename-2/><_:"
+"phrase-3/>. У кожної групи може складатися з <_:phrase-4/> учасників і мати "
+"пароль."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:80 gpasswd.1.xml.out:112 gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+msgid "-A"
+msgstr "-A"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:79
+msgid ""
+"System administrators can use the <_:option-1/> option to define group "
+"administrator(s) and the <_:option-2/> option to define members. They have "
+"all rights of group administrators and members."
+msgstr ""
+"Адміністратори системи можуть скористатися параметром <_:option-1/> для "
+"визначення адміністраторів групи і параметром <_:option-2/> для визначення "
+"учасників. Вони мають усі права адміністраторів і учасників груп."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:86
+msgid "a group administrator"
+msgstr "адміністратор групи"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:87
+msgid "a system administrator"
+msgstr "адміністратор системи"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:84
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> called by <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> with a group name only "
+"prompts for the new password of the <_:replaceable-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Виклик <_:command-1/>, якщо його здійснює <_:phrase-3/> групи «<_:phrase-2/"
+">» лише із назвою групи, призведе до запиту щодо нового пароля для групи <_:"
+"replaceable-4/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:93 gpasswd.1.xml.out:180 gpasswd.1.xml.out:196
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:277 groups.1.xml.out:71 groups.1.xml.out:92
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:76 gshadow.5.xml.out:165 newgrp.1.xml.out:34
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:41 newgrp.1.xml.out:47 newgrp.1.xml.out:55
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:63 newgrp.1.xml.out:66 sg.1.xml.out:60 sg.1.xml.out:64
+#: sg.1.xml.out:65 sg.1.xml.out:66 sg.1.xml.out:125
+msgid "newgrp"
+msgstr "newgrp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:91
+msgid ""
+"If a password is set the members can still use <_:citerefentry-1/> without a "
+"password, and non-members must supply the password."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо пароль встановлено, учасники зможуть продовжити користуватися <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/> без пароля, а тим, хто не є учасником, доведеться вказати "
+"пароль."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:99
+msgid "Notes about group passwords"
+msgstr "Нотатки щодо паролів груп"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"Group passwords are an inherent security problem since more than one person "
+"is permitted to know the password. However, groups are a useful tool for "
+"permitting co-operation between different users."
+msgstr ""
+"Паролі груп мають неусувну проблему захисту, оскільки пароль знатимуть "
+"декілька осіб. Втім, групи є корисним інструментом для забезпечення "
+"взаємодії між різними користувачами."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:111
+msgid ""
+"Except for the <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options, the options cannot "
+"be combined."
+msgstr ""
+"Окрім параметрів <_:option-1/> і <_:option-2/>, параметри не можна "
+"поєднувати."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:115
+msgid "The options cannot be combined."
+msgstr "Параметри не можна поєднувати."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124 groupmems.8.xml.out:83
+msgid "--add"
+msgstr "--add"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124 gpasswd.1.xml.out:128 gpasswd.1.xml.out:137
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:141 gpasswd.1.xml.out:205 gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+#: groups.1.xml.out:48 groups.1.xml.out:59
+msgid "user"
+msgstr "користувач"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:127
+msgid "Add the <_:replaceable-1/> to the named <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr "Додати <_:replaceable-1/> до іменованого <_:replaceable-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:137 groupmems.8.xml.out:94 passwd.1.xml.out:168
+msgid "--delete"
+msgstr "--delete"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:140
+msgid "Remove the <_:replaceable-1/> from the named <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr "Вилучити <_:replaceable-1/> з іменованого <_:replaceable-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+msgid "-Q"
+msgstr "-Q"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:173
+msgid "--remove-password"
+msgstr "--remove-password"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:176
+msgid ""
+"Remove the password from the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password "
+"will be empty. Only group members will be allowed to use <_:command-2/> to "
+"join the named <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Вилучити пароль із вказаної за назвою групи <_:replaceable-1/>. Пароль групи "
+"стане порожнім. Скористатися <_:command-2/> для долучення до іменованої "
+"групи <_:replaceable-3/> зможуть лише учасники групи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:189
+msgid "--restrict"
+msgstr "--restrict"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:192
+msgid ""
+"Restrict the access to the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password is "
+"set to \"!\". Only group members with a password will be allowed to use <_:"
+"command-2/> to join the named <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Обмежити доступ до вказаної за назвою групи <_:replaceable-1/>. Для пароля "
+"групи буде встановлено значення «!». Скористатися <_:command-2/> для "
+"долучення до іменованої групи <_:replaceable-3/> зможуть лише учасники групи "
+"з паролем."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+msgid "--administrators"
+msgstr "--administrators"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:204 gpasswd.1.xml.out:216
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>,..."
+msgstr "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>,..."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:208
+msgid "Set the list of administrative users."
+msgstr "Встановити список адміністративних користувачів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+msgid "--members"
+msgstr "--members"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:220
+msgid "Set the list of group members."
+msgstr "Встановити список учасників групи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:232
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files."
+msgstr "і <_:filename-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:234
+msgid "file."
+msgstr "."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:230
+msgid ""
+"This tool only operates on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> "
+"Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+"Цей інструмент працює лише з файлами <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> <_:"
+"phrase-3/> Отже, за його допомогою ви не зможете внести зміни до груп NIS "
+"або LDAP. Зміни доведеться вносити на відповідному сервері."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:283 groupadd.8.xml.out:357 groupdel.8.xml.out:34
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:41 groupdel.8.xml.out:47 groupdel.8.xml.out:57
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:66 groupdel.8.xml.out:165 groupmems.8.xml.out:221
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:341 login.defs.5.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:893
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:328 usermod.8.xml.out:623
+msgid "groupdel"
+msgstr "groupdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:286 groupadd.8.xml.out:360 groupdel.8.xml.out:220
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:34 groupmod.8.xml.out:41 groupmod.8.xml.out:47
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:58 groupmod.8.xml.out:67 groupmod.8.xml.out:256
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:107 grpck.8.xml.out:283 login.defs.5.xml.out:311
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:896 userdel.8.xml.out:331 usermod.8.xml.out:626
+msgid "groupmod"
+msgstr "groupmod"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:289 grpck.8.xml.out:33 grpck.8.xml.out:40
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:46 grpck.8.xml.out:60 grpck.8.xml.out:116
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:128 grpck.8.xml.out:141 grpck.8.xml.out:184
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:234 gshadow.5.xml.out:159 login.defs.5.xml.out:318
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:339 pwconv.8.xml.out:198 pwconv.8.xml.out:242
+msgid "grpck"
+msgstr "grpck"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:295 grpck.8.xml.out:95 grpck.8.xml.out:287
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:22 gshadow.5.xml.out:29 newgrp.1.xml.out:148
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:114 pwconv.8.xml.out:115 pwconv.8.xml.out:121
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:122 sg.1.xml.out:137 vipw.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "gshadow"
+msgstr "gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:293 newgrp.1.xml.out:146 sg.1.xml.out:135
+msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>"
+msgstr ", <_:citerefentry-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:275 newgrp.1.xml.out:128 sg.1.xml.out:117
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/><_:phrase-7/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/><_:phrase-7/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:44
+msgid "create a new group"
+msgstr "створення нової групи"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:54 groupadd.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "NEWGROUP"
+msgstr "НОВА_ГРУПА"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates a new group account using the values "
+"specified on the command line plus the default values from the system. The "
+"new group will be entered into the system files as needed."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <_:command-1/> створює обліковий запис групи з використанням "
+"значень, які вказано у командному рядку, і типових для системи значень. "
+"Запис нової групи буде додано до файлів системи, якщо у цьому буде потреба."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:66
+msgid ""
+"Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, "
+"underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not "
+"allowed at the beginning of the groupname. Fully numeric groupnames and "
+"groupnames . or .. are also disallowed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgstr "Довжина назв груп не може перевищувати 32 символи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:94 groupadd.8.xml.out:95 groupadd.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:236 groupmems.8.xml.out:110 groupmod.8.xml.out:82
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:136 groupmod.8.xml.out:201 useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230 useradd.8.xml.out:264 useradd.8.xml.out:391
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:396 useradd.8.xml.out:557 useradd.8.xml.out:639
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:174 vipw.8.xml.out:90
+msgid "-g"
+msgstr "-g"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:91
+msgid ""
+"This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the "
+"specified group already exists. When used with <_:option-1/>, and the "
+"specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. <_:"
+"option-2/> is turned off)."
+msgstr ""
+"Використання цього параметра призведе до простого виходу з команди зі станом "
+"успіху, якщо вказана група вже існує. Якщо використано разом із <_:option-1/"
+">, і вказаний GID вже існує, буде вибрано інший (унікальний) GID (тобто буде "
+"вимкнено <_:option-2/>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:82 useradd.8.xml.out:230
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639 usermod.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "--gid"
+msgstr "--gid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102 groupadd.8.xml.out:105 groupadd.8.xml.out:151
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73 groupmod.8.xml.out:82 groupmod.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:91 groupmod.8.xml.out:137 newusers.8.xml.out:300
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:469
+msgid "GID"
+msgstr "GID"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:108 groupadd.8.xml.out:134 groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:195 groupmod.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "GID_MIN"
+msgstr "МІНІМАЛЬНИЙ_GID"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:105
+msgid ""
+"The numerical value of the group's ID. <_:replaceable-1/> must be unique, "
+"unless the <_:option-2/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The "
+"default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-3/"
+"> and greater than every other group."
+msgstr ""
+"Числове значення ідентифікатора групи. <_:replaceable-1/> має бути "
+"унікальним, якщо не використано параметр <_:option-2/>. Значення має бути "
+"невід'ємним. Типовим є використання найменшого значення ідентифікатора, яке "
+"дорівнює або перевищує <_:option-3/> і є більшим за значення ідентифікатора "
+"будь-якої іншої групи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:113 groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:195 groupmod.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "GID_MAX"
+msgstr "МАКСИМАЛЬНИЙ_GID"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:111 useradd.8.xml.out:541
+msgid "See also the <_:option-1/> option and the <_:option-2/> description."
+msgstr "Див. також описи параметрів <_:option-1/> і <_:option-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 groupadd.8.xml.out:131 groupadd.8.xml.out:134
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:314 useradd.8.xml.out:317 useradd.8.xml.out:319
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:320
+msgid "-K"
+msgstr "-K"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "--key"
+msgstr "--key"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "KEY"
+msgstr "КЛЮЧ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "VALUE"
+msgstr "ЗНАЧЕННЯ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:124 useradd.8.xml.out:302
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>=<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>=<_:replaceable-4/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:128
+msgid ""
+"Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others). Multiple "
+"<_:option-2/> options can be specified."
+msgstr ""
+"Має пріоритет над типовими значенням у <_:filename-1/> (GID_MIN, GID_MAX та "
+"іншими). Може бути вказано декілька параметрів <_:option-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:134 useradd.8.xml.out:320
+msgid "100"
+msgstr "100"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:321
+msgid "499"
+msgstr "499"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> <_:option-4/> "
+"<_:replaceable-5/>=<_:replaceable-6/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Приклад: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> <_:option-4/> "
+"<_:replaceable-5/>=<_:replaceable-6/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:138 groupadd.8.xml.out:333 groupdel.8.xml.out:192
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:295 useradd.8.xml.out:853 userdel.8.xml.out:265
+msgid "10"
+msgstr "10"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:137
+msgid ""
+"Note: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/>,<_:replaceable-4/"
+">=<_:replaceable-5/> doesn't work yet."
+msgstr ""
+"Зауваження: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/>,<_:"
+"replaceable-4/>=<_:replaceable-5/> ще не працює."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:145 groupmod.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:405
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "--non-unique"
+msgstr "--non-unique"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:148
+msgid ""
+"permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID. As a "
+"result, for this <_:replaceable-1/>, the mapping towards group <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> may not be unique."
+msgstr ""
+"уможливлює створення груп із вже використаним числовим ідентифікатором. У "
+"результаті для цього <_:replaceable-1/> прив'язка до групи <_:replaceable-2/"
+"> може бути неунікальною."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmems.8.xml.out:55 groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:143 login.1.xml.out:80 login.1.xml.out:88
+#: login.1.xml.out:95 login.1.xml.out:212 su.1.xml.out:207
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:237 usermod.8.xml.out:290
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:411 vipw.8.xml.out:102
+msgid "-p"
+msgstr "-p"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmod.8.xml.out:143 useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+msgid "--password"
+msgstr "--password"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmod.8.xml.out:143 useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+msgid "PASSWORD"
+msgstr "ПАРОЛЬ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:163 groupmod.8.xml.out:148 gshadow.5.xml.out:62
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:68 passwd.5.xml.out:103 passwd.5.xml.out:109
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:170 shadow.5.xml.out:88 shadow.5.xml.out:94
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:430 useradd.8.xml.out:887 usermod.8.xml.out:295
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:614
+msgid "crypt"
+msgstr "crypt"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:164 groupadd.8.xml.out:315 groupmod.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:271 groups.1.xml.out:68 groups.1.xml.out:104
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:255 gshadow.5.xml.out:63 gshadow.5.xml.out:69
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:443 passwd.5.xml.out:104 passwd.5.xml.out:110
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:170 passwd.5.xml.out:176 pwck.8.xml.out:305
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:34 shadow.3.xml.out:217 shadow.5.xml.out:89
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:95 useradd.8.xml.out:431 useradd.8.xml.out:829
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:887 usermod.8.xml.out:296 usermod.8.xml.out:614
+msgid "3"
+msgstr "3"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:161
+msgid ""
+"defines an initial password for the group account. PASSWORD is expected to "
+"be encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"визначає початковий пароль до облікового запису групи. ПАРОЛЬ має бути "
+"зашифровано у форматі, який повертає <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:166
+msgid ""
+"Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password "
+"defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths "
+"system account file <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Без цього параметра обліковий запис групи буде заблоковано; для нього також "
+"не буде визначено пароля, тобто у відповідному полі файла облікових записів "
+"системи <_:filename-1/> або <_:filename-2/> буде вказано одинарний знак "
+"оклику."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:173 groupmod.8.xml.out:152 useradd.8.xml.out:444
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:93 usermod.8.xml.out:299
+msgid "Note:"
+msgstr "Зауваження:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:172 groupmod.8.xml.out:151
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> This option is not recommended because the password (or "
+"encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> не рекомендуємо користуватися цим параметром, оскільки "
+"пароль (або шифрований пароль) буде видимим для користувачів, які мають "
+"доступ до списку процесів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:177 groupmod.8.xml.out:156 useradd.8.xml.out:448
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:309
+msgid ""
+"You should make sure the password respects the system's password policy."
+msgstr ""
+"Вам слід переконатися, що пароль відповідає правилам складання паролів "
+"системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:185 newusers.8.xml.out:287 useradd.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "--system"
+msgstr "--system"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "Create a system group."
+msgstr "Створити загальносистемну групу."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "SYS_GID_MIN"
+msgstr "SYS_GID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "SYS_GID_MAX"
+msgstr "SYS_GID_MAX"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:191
+msgid ""
+"The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the <_:option-1/>-"
+"<_:option-2/> range, defined in <_:filename-3/>, instead of <_:option-4/>-<_:"
+"option-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Числові ідентифікатори нових груп системи буде вибрано у діапазоні <_:"
+"option-1/>-<_:option-2/> range, defined in <_:filename-3/>, замість "
+"діапазону <_:option-4/>-<_:option-5/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupdel.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502 userdel.8.xml.out:136 usermod.8.xml.out:341
+msgid "-P"
+msgstr "-P"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupdel.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502 userdel.8.xml.out:136 usermod.8.xml.out:341
+msgid "--prefix"
+msgstr "--prefix"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupadd.8.xml.out:219 groupdel.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:106 groupdel.8.xml.out:108 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:181 groupmod.8.xml.out:183 useradd.8.xml.out:502
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:507 userdel.8.xml.out:136 userdel.8.xml.out:140
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:142 usermod.8.xml.out:341 usermod.8.xml.out:346
+msgid "PREFIX_DIR"
+msgstr "КАТАЛОГ_ПРЕФІКСА"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:505
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under "
+"the directory <_:replaceable-1/>. This option does not chroot and is "
+"intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and "
+"LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host "
+"files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+"Застосувати зміни до файлів налаштувань у кореневій файловій системі з "
+"каталогу <_:replaceable-1/>. Використання цього параметра не змінює "
+"кореневої теки. Параметр призначено лише для приготування цілі для "
+"компіляції коду для іншої операційної системи. Обмеження: не буде виконано "
+"перевірку користувачів/груп NIS і LDAP. При розпізнаванні у PAM буде "
+"використано файли основної системи. Підтримки SELINUX не передбачено."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:229 groupadd.8.xml.out:237 groupmod.8.xml.out:194
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:202 useradd.8.xml.out:96 useradd.8.xml.out:397
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:549 useradd.8.xml.out:558 usermod.8.xml.out:238
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:405
+msgid "-U"
+msgstr "-U"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:229 groupmod.8.xml.out:194
+msgid "--users"
+msgstr "--users"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:232 groupmod.8.xml.out:197
+msgid "A list of usernames to add as members of the group."
+msgstr "Список імен користувачів, яких слід додати як учасників групи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:237 groupmod.8.xml.out:202 useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:386 useradd.8.xml.out:397 useradd.8.xml.out:558
+msgid "-N"
+msgstr "-N"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:238 groupmod.8.xml.out:203 login.defs.5.xml.out:448
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:97 useradd.8.xml.out:240 useradd.8.xml.out:398
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:559 userdel.8.xml.out:86 userdel.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+msgstr "USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:235 groupmod.8.xml.out:200 useradd.8.xml.out:395
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:556
+msgid ""
+"The default behavior (if the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, and <_:option-3/> "
+"options are not specified) is defined by the <_:option-4/> variable in <_:"
+"filename-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Типову поведінку (якщо не вказано параметрів <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> і "
+"<_:option-3/>) буде визначено змінною <_:option-4/> у <_:filename-5/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:286
+msgid ""
+"You may not add a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+"Не можна додавати групи NIS або LDAP. Для таких груп цю дію має бути "
+"виконано на відповідному сервері."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:290
+msgid ""
+"If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or "
+"LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the group creation request."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо назва групи вже існує у зовнішній базі даних груп, зокрема NIS або "
+"LDAP, <_:command-1/> відмовить у запиті щодо створення групи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:317 passwd.1.xml.out:463 useradd.8.xml.out:831
+msgid "invalid argument to option"
+msgstr "некоректний аргумент параметра"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:321 groupmod.8.xml.out:277 grpck.8.xml.out:261
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:449 pwck.8.xml.out:311 useradd.8.xml.out:835
+msgid "4"
+msgstr "4"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:323
+msgid "GID is already used (when called without <_:option-1/>)"
+msgstr "GID вже використано (якщо викликано без <_:option-1/>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:327 groupmod.8.xml.out:289 useradd.8.xml.out:847
+msgid "9"
+msgstr "9"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:329
+msgid "group name is already used"
+msgstr "назву групи вже використано"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:335 groupdel.8.xml.out:194 useradd.8.xml.out:855
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:267
+msgid "can't update group file"
+msgstr "не вдалося оновити файл груп"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:369 groupdel.8.xml.out:226 groupmems.8.xml.out:227
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:350 login.defs.5.xml.out:480 useradd.8.xml.out:913
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:39 userdel.8.xml.out:46 userdel.8.xml.out:51
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:62 userdel.8.xml.out:71 userdel.8.xml.out:82
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211 userdel.8.xml.out:232 userdel.8.xml.out:283
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:298 userdel.8.xml.out:300 usermod.8.xml.out:643
+msgid "userdel"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:372 groupdel.8.xml.out:229 groupmems.8.xml.out:230
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:353 login.defs.5.xml.out:490 passwd.1.xml.out:488
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:140 pwck.8.xml.out:348 useradd.8.xml.out:916
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:345 usermod.8.xml.out:40 usermod.8.xml.out:47
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:53 usermod.8.xml.out:64 usermod.8.xml.out:72
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:263 usermod.8.xml.out:522
+msgid "usermod"
+msgstr "usermod"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:344 groupmod.8.xml.out:324
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-10/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-10/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:42
+msgid "delete a group"
+msgstr "вилучення групи"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:51 groupdel.8.xml.out:59 groupmod.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:59 groupmod.8.xml.out:86 groupmod.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:125 suauth.5.xml.out:85 suauth.5.xml.out:87
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230 useradd.8.xml.out:249 useradd.8.xml.out:392
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639 useradd.8.xml.out:648 usermod.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "GROUP"
+msgstr "GROUP"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all "
+"entries that refer to <_:replaceable-2/>. The named group must exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <_:command-1/> вносить зміни до файлів загальносистемних облікових "
+"записів, вилучаючи усі записи, які стосуються імені користувача<_:"
+"replaceable-2/>. Іменована група має існувати."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"This option forces the removal of the group, even if there's some user "
+"having the group as the primary one."
+msgstr ""
+"Використання цього параметра призведе до вилучення групи, навіть якщо "
+"лишається якийсь користувач, для якого ця група є основною."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:105 groupmod.8.xml.out:180 userdel.8.xml.out:139
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration "
+"files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. This option does not chroot and "
+"is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS "
+"and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host "
+"files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+"Застосувати зміни до каталогу <_:replaceable-1/> і використати файли "
+"налаштувань з каталогу <_:replaceable-2/>. Використання цього параметра не "
+"змінює кореневої теки. Параметр призначено лише для приготування цілі для "
+"компіляції коду для іншої операційної системи. Обмеження: не буде виконано "
+"перевірку користувачів/груп NIS і LDAP. При розпізнаванні у PAM буде "
+"використано файли основної системи. Підтримки SELINUX не передбачено."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:122
+msgid ""
+"You may not remove the primary group of any existing user. You must remove "
+"the user before you remove the group."
+msgstr ""
+"Ви не можете вилучити основну групу будь-якого наявного користувача. Вам "
+"слід вилучити запис користувача, перш ніж вилучати його основну групу."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:126
+msgid ""
+"You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain "
+"owned by this group."
+msgstr ""
+"Вам слід виконати перевірку усіх файлових систем вручну, щоб переконатися, "
+"щоб не лишилося жодних файлів, які належать цій групі."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:180 groupmod.8.xml.out:283 passwd.1.xml.out:461
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:323 useradd.8.xml.out:841 userdel.8.xml.out:253
+msgid "6"
+msgstr "6"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:182 useradd.8.xml.out:843
+msgid "specified group doesn't exist"
+msgstr "вказаної групи не існує"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "can't remove user's primary group"
+msgstr "не вдалося вилучити основну групу користувача"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:203 login.1.xml.out:375 shadow.5.xml.out:260
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:18
+msgid "George"
+msgstr "George"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:19
+msgid "Kraft"
+msgstr "Kraft"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/lineage
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:20
+msgid "IV"
+msgstr "IV"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:21
+msgid "Creation, 2000"
+msgstr "Створення, 2000"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:37 groupmems.8.xml.out:44 groupmems.8.xml.out:50
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:63 groupmems.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:71
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:78 groupmems.8.xml.out:159 groupmems.8.xml.out:163
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:305
+msgid "groupmems"
+msgstr "groupmems"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:45
+msgid "administer members of a user's primary group"
+msgstr "адміністрування учасників основної групи користувача"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:52
+msgid "-a <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-a <_:replaceable-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:53
+msgid "-d <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-d <_:replaceable-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:54
+msgid "-g <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-g <_:replaceable-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:62
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command allows a user to administer their own group "
+"membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges. The <_:"
+"command-2/> utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their "
+"own name sake primary group (i.e., guest / guest)."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <_:command-1/> надає змогу користувачеві адмініструвати список "
+"учасників власної групи без потреби у привілеях надкористувача. Допоміжну "
+"програму <_:command-2/> призначено для систем, у яких облікові запис "
+"користувачів налаштовують так, щоб основною групою для них була група із "
+"назвою, яка збігається із назвою облікового запису користувача (тобто "
+"guest / guest)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:70
+msgid ""
+"Only the superuser, as administrator, can use <_:command-1/> to alter the "
+"memberships of other groups."
+msgstr ""
+"Лише надкористувач, як адміністратор, може використовувати <_:command-1/> "
+"для зміни учасників інших груп."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "Add a user to the group membership list."
+msgstr "Додати користувача до списку участі у групі."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:86 groupmems.8.xml.out:102 groupmems.8.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:filename-1/> file exist, and the group has no entry in the <_:"
+"filename-2/> file, a new entry will be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо існує файл <_:filename-1/>, і у групи немає запису у файлі <_:"
+"filename-2/>, буде створено новий запис."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "Delete a user from the group membership list."
+msgstr "Вилучити користувача зі списку участі у групі."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:97
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:filename-1/> file exist, the user will be removed from the list of "
+"members and administrators of the group."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо файл <_:filename-1/> існує, користувача буде вилучено зі списку "
+"учасників і адміністраторів групи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110 vipw.8.xml.out:90
+msgid "--group"
+msgstr "--group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:112
+msgid "The superuser can specify which group membership list to modify."
+msgstr ""
+"Надкористувач може вказувати, до якого списку учасників груп слід внести "
+"зміни."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "List the group membership list."
+msgstr "Вивести список участі у групах."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+msgid "--purge"
+msgstr "--purge"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:132
+msgid "Purge all users from the group membership list."
+msgstr "Витерти усіх користувачів зі списку учасників групи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:157
+msgid "SETUP"
+msgstr "КОНФІГУРАЦІЯ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/literal
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:160
+msgid "2710"
+msgstr "2710"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:161 groupmems.8.xml.out:162 groups.1.xml.out:33
+#: groups.1.xml.out:40 groups.1.xml.out:46 groups.1.xml.out:56
+msgid "groups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> executable should be in mode <_:literal-2/> as user <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> and in group <_:emphasis-4/>. The system administrator can add "
+"users to group <_:emphasis-5/> to allow or disallow them using the <_:"
+"command-6/> utility to manage their own group membership list."
+msgstr ""
+"Режимом доступу до виконуваного файла <_:command-1/> має бути <_:literal-2/> "
+"із власником <_:emphasis-3/> і групою <_:emphasis-4/>. Адміністратор системи "
+"може додавати користувачів до групи <_:emphasis-5/>, щоб дозволити або "
+"заборонити їм користуватися програмою <_:command-6/> для керування списком "
+"учасників їхньої власної групи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:167
+msgid ""
+"$ groupadd -r groups $ chmod 2710 groupmems $ chown root.groups groupmems $ "
+"groupmems -g groups -a gk4"
+msgstr ""
+"$ groupadd -r groups $ chmod 2710 groupmems $ chown root.groups groupmems $ "
+"groupmems -g groups -a gk4"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "secure group account information"
+msgstr "відомості щодо захищених груп облікових записів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:42
+msgid "modify a group definition on the system"
+msgstr "зміна визначення групи у системі"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the definition of the specified <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <_:command-1/> змінює визначення вказаної аргументом групи <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>, вносячи зміни до відповідного запису у базі даних груп."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73 usermod.8.xml.out:78
+msgid "--append"
+msgstr "--append"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If group members are specified with -U, append them to the existing member "
+"list, rather than replacing it."
+msgstr ""
+"Учасників групи вказують за допомогою параметра -U. Записи буде дописано до "
+"наявного списку учасників, а не використано для заміни цього списку."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:85
+msgid ""
+"The group ID of the given <_:replaceable-1/> will be changed to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ідентифікатор групи вказаного запису <_:replaceable-1/> буде змінено на <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:89
+msgid ""
+"The value of <_:replaceable-1/> must be a non-negative decimal integer. This "
+"value must be unique, unless the <_:option-2/> option is used."
+msgstr ""
+"Значенням <_:replaceable-1/> має бути невід'ємне десяткове ціле число. Це "
+"значення має бути унікальним, якщо не використано параметр <_:option-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:95
+msgid ""
+"Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to keep the group "
+"as their primary group."
+msgstr ""
+"Записи користувачів, які використовують групу, як основну групу, буде "
+"оновлено з метою збереження групи, як їхньої основної групи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid ""
+"Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>, must have their group ID changed manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Ідентифікатор групи усіх файли, власником яких є група зі старим "
+"ідентифікатором, і які мають належати <_:replaceable-1/>, доведеться змінити "
+"вручну."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:395
+msgid ""
+"No checks will be performed with regard to the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, "
+"<_:option-3/>, or <_:option-4/> from <_:filename-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Перевірок щодо <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/> або <_:option-4/> "
+"з <_:filename-5/> виконано не буде."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+msgid "-n"
+msgstr "-n"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "--new-name"
+msgstr "--new-name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121 groupmod.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "NEW_GROUP"
+msgstr "НОВА_ГРУПА"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"The name of the group will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> name."
+msgstr "Назву групи буде змінено з <_:replaceable-1/> на <_:replaceable-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"When used with the <_:option-1/> option, allow to change the group <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> to a non-unique value."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо використано у поєднанні із параметром <_:option-1/>, дозволити зміну "
+"групи <_:replaceable-2/> на неунікальне значення."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "The encrypted password, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr "Зашифрований пароль, як його повертає <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:261
+msgid "E_SUCCESS: success"
+msgstr "E_SUCCESS: успіх"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:267
+msgid "E_USAGE: invalid command syntax"
+msgstr "E_USAGE: некоректний синтаксис команди"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:273
+msgid "E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option"
+msgstr "E_BAD_ARG: некоректний аргумент параметра"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:279
+msgid "E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use"
+msgstr "E_GID_IN_USE: ідентифікатор групи вже використано"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:285
+msgid "E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn't exist"
+msgstr "E_NOTFOUND: вказаної групи не існує"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:291
+msgid "E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use"
+msgstr "E_NAME_IN_USE: назву групи вже використано"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:297
+msgid "E_GRP_UPDATE: can't update group file"
+msgstr "E_GRP_UPDATE: не вдалося оновити файл групи"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:301
+msgid "11"
+msgstr "11"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can't setup cleanup service"
+msgstr "E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: не вдалося налаштувати службу чищення"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:307 useradd.8.xml.out:859 userdel.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "12"
+msgstr "12"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "E_PAM_USERNAME: can't determine your username for use with pam"
+msgstr ""
+"E_PAM_USERNAME: не вдалося визначити ваше ім'я користувача для використання "
+"разом із pam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:313
+msgid "13"
+msgstr "13"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:315
+msgid ""
+"E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the "
+"PAM error message"
+msgstr ""
+"E_PAM_ERROR: pam повернуто повідомлення про помилку, див. ідентифікатор "
+"groupmod у журналі syslog, щоб ознайомитися із повідомленням про помилку PAM"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groups.1.xml.out:41
+msgid "display current group names"
+msgstr "показ поточних назв груп"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:55
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command displays the current group names or ID values. If "
+"the value does not have a corresponding entry in <_:filename-2/>, the value "
+"will be displayed as the numerical group value. The optional <_:"
+"replaceable-3/> parameter will display the groups for the named user."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <_:command-1/> виводить назви або значення ідентифікаторів поточних "
+"груп. Якщо у значення немає відповідного запису у <_:filename-2/>, значення "
+"буде виведено як числове значення групи. Використання необов'язкового "
+"параметра <_:replaceable-3/> призведе до показу груп іменованого користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:68 groups.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "initgroups"
+msgstr "initgroups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: groups.1.xml.out:71 newgrp.1.xml.out:139 sg.1.xml.out:34 sg.1.xml.out:41
+#: sg.1.xml.out:47 sg.1.xml.out:59 sg.1.xml.out:62 sg.1.xml.out:64
+#: sg.1.xml.out:67 sg.1.xml.out:68 su.1.xml.out:421
+msgid "sg"
+msgstr "sg"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:66
+msgid ""
+"Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see <_:citerefentry-1/>) "
+"will have the information from <_:filename-2/> reported. The user must use "
+"<_:command-3/> or <_:command-4/> to change his current real and effective "
+"group ID."
+msgstr ""
+"Для систем, у яких не передбачено підтримку додаткових груп (див. <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>) буде показано відомості з <_:filename-2/>. Користувач має "
+"скористатися <_:command-3/> або <_:command-4/> для зміни його поточного "
+"справжнього і ефективного ідентифікатора групи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:95
+msgid "getgid"
+msgstr "getgid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:98
+msgid "getgroups"
+msgstr "getgroups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:101
+msgid "getuid"
+msgstr "getuid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:90 gshadow.5.xml.out:151 pwck.8.xml.out:334
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:17 lastlog.8.xml.out:19 pwck.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "Creation, 1992"
+msgstr "Створення, 1992"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "verify integrity of group files"
+msgstr "перевірка цілісності файлів груп"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:62 grpck.8.xml.out:165 grpck.8.xml.out:185
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr "і <_:filename-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:59
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the groups information. "
+"It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/> have the proper "
+"format and contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that "
+"are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgstr ""
+"Команду <_:command-1/> призначено для перевірки цілісності даних щодо груп. "
+"Вона перевіряє, чи усі записи у <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/> мають належне "
+"форматування і містять чинні дані. Програма попросить користувача вилучити "
+"записи із помилковим форматуванням або іншими непридатними до виправлення "
+"помилками."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:69 pwck.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "Checks are made to verify that each entry has:"
+msgstr "Буде виконано перевірки з метою переконатися, що кожен запис має:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:73 pwck.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "the correct number of fields"
+msgstr "належна кількість полів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "a unique and valid group name"
+msgstr "унікальна і чинна назва групи"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:81
+msgid "(<_:filename-1/> only)"
+msgstr "(лише <_:filename-1/>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:79
+msgid "a valid group identifier <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr "чинний ідентифікатор групи <_:phrase-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:88
+msgid "and administrators"
+msgstr "і адміністратори"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:86
+msgid "a valid list of members <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr "коректний список учасників <_:phrase-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:92
+msgid ""
+"a corresponding entry in the <_:filename-1/> file (respectively <_:"
+"filename-2/> for the <_:filename-3/> checks)"
+msgstr ""
+"відповідний запис у файлі <_:filename-1/> (відповідно, <_:filename-2/> для "
+"перевірок <_:filename-3/>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal. If "
+"an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete "
+"the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further "
+"checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for "
+"deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All other errors are "
+"warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/> command to "
+"correct the error."
+msgstr ""
+"Перевірки належної кількості полів та унікальності назв груп є критичними. "
+"Якщо у записі помилкова кількість полів, програма попросить користувача "
+"вилучити увесь рядок. Якщо користувач не підтвердить дію з вилучення, усі "
+"наступні перевірки буде пропущено. Якщо буде виявлено запис із дублюванням "
+"групи, програма попросить вилучити його, але якщо у цьому буде відмовлено, "
+"виконає решту перевірок. Усі інші помилки вважатимуться незначними — "
+"користувачу буде рекомендовано віддати команду <_:command-1/>, щоб виправити "
+"помилку."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:113 newusers.8.xml.out:67 newusers.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "файл"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files"
+msgstr "і <_:filename-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:111
+msgid ""
+"The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/><_:phrase-3/> "
+"are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-4/> should "
+"be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries."
+msgstr ""
+"Команди, які мають справу з <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/><_:phrase-3/>, не "
+"зможуть змінити пошкоджені або дубльовані записи. У цих випадках слід "
+"скористатися <_:command-4/> для вилучення помилкових записів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:123 pwck.8.xml.out:154
+msgid "The <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options cannot be combined."
+msgstr "Параметри <_:option-1/> і <_:option-2/> не можна поєднувати."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 pwck.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "--read-only"
+msgstr "--read-only"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:143 login.defs.5.xml.out:134 login.defs.5.xml.out:136
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:246
+msgid "no"
+msgstr "no"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:140
+msgid ""
+"Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode. This causes all "
+"questions regarding changes to be answered <_:emphasis-2/> without user "
+"intervention."
+msgstr ""
+"Виконати команду <_:command-1/> у режимі лише читання. Це призведе до того, "
+"що програма вважатиме відповідями на усі свої питання значення <_:emphasis-2/"
+"> і ні про що не запитуватиме користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:161 pwck.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "--sort"
+msgstr "--sort"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:163
+msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> by GID."
+msgstr "Упорядкувати записи у <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> за GID."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172 lastlog.8.xml.out:117 passwd.1.xml.out:161
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:291
+msgid "-S"
+msgstr "-S"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "--silence-warnings"
+msgstr "--silence-warnings"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:178
+msgid "/etc/ghadow"
+msgstr "/etc/ghadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:174
+msgid ""
+"Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about "
+"inconsistency between group members listed in <_:filename-1/> and <_:"
+"filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Придушити сумнівні попередження, зокрема попередження щодо неузгодженості "
+"між списками учасників групи у <_:filename-1/> і <_:filename-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "parameter."
+msgstr "."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:190
+msgid "and <_:emphasis-1/> parameters."
+msgstr "і <_:emphasis-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"By default, <_:command-1/> operates on <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/>. The "
+"user may select alternate files with the <_:emphasis-4/> <_:phrase-5/> <_:"
+"phrase-6/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Типово, <_:command-1/> працює з <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/>. Користувач "
+"може вибрати альтернативні файли за допомогою <_:emphasis-4/> <_:phrase-5/> "
+"<_:phrase-6/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:251
+msgid "one or more bad group entries"
+msgstr "один або декілька помилкових записів груп"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:257
+msgid "can't open group files"
+msgstr "не вдалося відкрити файли груп"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:263
+msgid "can't lock group files"
+msgstr "не вдалося заблокувати файли груп"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:269
+msgid "can't update group files"
+msgstr "не вдалося оновити файли груп"
+
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/citerefentry
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:286
+msgid "<_:refentrytitle-1/><_:manvolnum-2/>,"
+msgstr "<_:refentrytitle-1/><_:manvolnum-2/>,"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:278
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>, "
+"<_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>, "
+"<_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Creation, 2005"
+msgstr "Створення, 2005"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:30
+msgid "shadowed group file"
+msgstr "файл зашифрованих груп"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:35
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> contains the shadowed information for group accounts."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:filename-1/> містить зашифровані відомості щодо облікових записів груп."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:40 shadow.5.xml.out:52
+msgid ""
+"This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to "
+"be maintained."
+msgstr ""
+"Цей файл має бути недоступним для читання звичайними користувачами, якщо ви "
+"хочете підтримувати захист паролів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:45
+msgid "Each line of this file contains the following colon-separated fields:"
+msgstr ""
+"У кожному рядку цього файла містяться такі відокремлені двокрапками поля:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:51
+msgid "group name"
+msgstr "назва групи"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:53
+msgid "It must be a valid group name, which exist on the system."
+msgstr "Це має бути коректна назва групи, яка існує у системі."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:59 shadow.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "encrypted password"
+msgstr "шифрований пароль"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:61 passwd.5.xml.out:102 shadow.5.xml.out:87
+msgid ""
+"Refer to <_:citerefentry-1/> for details on how this string is interpreted."
+msgstr ""
+"Зверніться до <_:citerefentry-1/>, щоб дізнатися більше про те, як буде "
+"оброблено цей рядок."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:66
+msgid ""
+"If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix "
+"password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо у полі пароля міститься якийсь рядок, який не є коректним результатом "
+"виконання <_:citerefentry-1/>, наприклад, ! або *, користувачі не зможуть "
+"скористатися паролем unix для доступу до групи (але учасники групи пароля не "
+"потребуватимуть)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:73
+msgid ""
+"The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to "
+"gain the permissions of this group (see <_:citerefentry-1/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Пароль використовуватиметься, коли користувач, який не є учасником групи, "
+"захоче отримати права доступу до цієї групи (див. <_:citerefentry-1/>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:79
+msgid ""
+"This field may be empty, in which case only the group members can gain the "
+"group permissions."
+msgstr ""
+"Це поле може бути порожнім. Якщо поле є порожнім, лише учасники групи "
+"зможуть отримувати права доступу групи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:83 shadow.5.xml.out:81
+msgid ""
+"A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the "
+"password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the "
+"password field before the password was locked."
+msgstr ""
+"Поле пароля, яке починається зі знаку оклику, означає, що пароль "
+"заблоковано. Решта символів у рядку є вмістом поля пароля до того, як пароль "
+"було заблоковано."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:89
+msgid "This password supersedes any password specified in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Цей пароль має пріоритет над будь-яким паролем, який вказано у <_:filename-1/"
+">."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "administrators"
+msgstr "адміністратори"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:99 gshadow.5.xml.out:115
+msgid "It must be a comma-separated list of user names."
+msgstr "Це має бути список відокремлених комами імен користувачів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:102
+msgid "Administrators can change the password or the members of the group."
+msgstr "Адміністратори можуть змінювати пароль або учасників групи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:106
+msgid ""
+"Administrators also have the same permissions as the members (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Також адміністратори мають ті самі права доступу, що і учасники (див. нижче)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:113
+msgid "members"
+msgstr "учасники"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:118
+msgid "Members can access the group without being prompted for a password."
+msgstr ""
+"Учасники можуть отримувати доступ до групи без надсилання запиту щодо пароля."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:122
+msgid "You should use the same list of users as in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Вам слід використовувати той самий список користувачів, що і у <_:filename-1/"
+">."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:162 login.defs.5.xml.out:324 pwconv.8.xml.out:48
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:67 pwconv.8.xml.out:113 pwconv.8.xml.out:134
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:166 pwconv.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "grpconv"
+msgstr "grpconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:35 lastlog.8.xml.out:42 lastlog.8.xml.out:48
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:58 lastlog.8.xml.out:70 lastlog.8.xml.out:172
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:337
+msgid "lastlog"
+msgstr "lastlog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:43
+msgid "reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user"
+msgstr ""
+"виведення даних щодо останнього входу до системи для усіх користувачів або "
+"для вказаного користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:59 lastlog.8.xml.out:197 lastlog.8.xml.out:214
+msgid "/var/log/lastlog"
+msgstr "/var/log/lastlog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:60
+msgid "login-name"
+msgstr "ім'я користувача"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:60
+msgid "port"
+msgstr "порт"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:61
+msgid "last login time"
+msgstr "час останнього входу до системи"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> formats and prints the contents of the last login log <_:"
+"filename-2/> file. The <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/>, and <_:emphasis-5/> "
+"will be printed. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be "
+"printed, sorted by their order in <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:command-1/> форматує і виводить вміст журналу записів останнього входу до "
+"системи у файлі <_:filename-2/>. Буде виведено дані <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:"
+"emphasis-4/> і <_:emphasis-5/>. Типовий варіант (без прапорців) призведе до "
+"виведення записів lastlog, які буде упорядковано за порядком у <_:filename-6/"
+">."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75 useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:592
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:89
+msgid "-b"
+msgstr "-b"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "--before"
+msgstr "--before"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:78
+msgid "Print only lastlog records older than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr "Вивести лише ті записи lastlog, вік яких перевищує <_:replaceable-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "-C"
+msgstr "-C"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "--clear"
+msgstr "--clear"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:88
+msgid ""
+"Clear lastlog record of a user. This option can be used only together with "
+"<_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+msgstr ""
+"Вилучити запис lastlog користувача. Цей параметр можна використовувати лише "
+"разом із <_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:117
+msgid "--set"
+msgstr "--set"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:120
+msgid ""
+"Set lastlog record of a user to the current time. This option can be used "
+"only together with <_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+msgstr ""
+"Встановити для запису lastlog користувача поточний час. Цей параметр можна "
+"використовувати лише разом із <_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:131
+msgid "Print the lastlog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr "Вивести записи lastlog, які є свіжішими за <_:replaceable-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:142
+msgid "Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s)."
+msgstr "Вивести запис lastlog для вказаних користувачів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:158
+msgid "** Never logged in**"
+msgstr "** Ніколи не входив **"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:157
+msgid ""
+"If the user has never logged in the message <_:emphasis-1/> will be "
+"displayed instead of the port and time."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо користувач ніколи не входив до системи, буде виведено повідомлення <_:"
+"emphasis-1/> замість порту і часу."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:162
+msgid ""
+"Only the entries for the current users of the system will be displayed. "
+"Other entries may exist for users that were deleted previously."
+msgstr ""
+"Буде виведено записи лише для поточних користувачів системи. У системі "
+"можуть існувати дані для записів користувачів, які було раніше вилучено."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:175
+msgid "ls -l"
+msgstr "ls -l"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "ls -s"
+msgstr "ls -s"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:171
+msgid ""
+"The <_:filename-1/> file is a database which contains info on the last login "
+"of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse file, so its size on "
+"the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by \"<_:command-2/"
+">\" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in <_:filename-3/> "
+"users with a high UID). You can display its real size with \"<_:command-4/"
+">\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Файл <_:filename-1/> є базою даних, які містить дані щодо останнього входу "
+"до системи кожного з користувачів. Вам не слід оновлювати його вміст вручну. "
+"Це розріджений файл, тому його розмір на диску, зазвичай, є набагато меншим "
+"за показаний <_:command-2/> (ця команда може показати дуже великий розмір, "
+"якщо у вашому <_:filename-3/> є записи із великими значеннями UID). "
+"Переглянути справжній розмір файла можна за допомогою команди <_:command-4/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "Database times of previous user logins."
+msgstr "Записи часу у базі даних для попередніх входів користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"Large gaps in UID numbers will cause the lastlog program to run longer with "
+"no output to the screen (i.e. if in lastlog database there is no entries for "
+"users with UID between 170 and 800 lastlog will appear to hang as it "
+"processes entries with UIDs 171-799)."
+msgstr ""
+"Великі прогалини у числах UID призведуть до того, що програма lastlog "
+"працюватиме довше без виведення даних на екран (тобто, якщо у базі даних "
+"lastlog немає записів для користувачів із UID між 170 і 800, може здатися, "
+"що lastlog зависла, доки програма обробляє UID у діапазоні 171-799)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:213
+msgid ""
+"Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the <_:term-1/> with "
+"external tools. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much "
+"space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by "
+"default and may require a specific option to handle them."
+msgstr ""
+"Наявність великих значень UID може створити проблеми при обробці <_:term-1/> "
+"за допомогою зовнішніх інструментів. Хоча сам файл є розрідженим і він не "
+"використовує надто багато місця на диску, деякі програми типово не "
+"призначено для визначення розріджених файлів — такі програми можуть "
+"потребувати для обробки певного параметра."
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: limits.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Luca"
+msgstr "Luca"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: limits.5.xml.out:18
+msgid "Berra"
+msgstr "Berra"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: limits.5.xml.out:19 vipw.8.xml.out:19
+msgid "Creation, 1997"
+msgstr "Створення, 1997"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:35 limits.5.xml.out:42 limits.5.xml.out:50
+msgid "limits"
+msgstr "обмеження"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: limits.5.xml.out:43
+msgid "resource limits definition"
+msgstr "визначення обмежень щодо ресурсів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: limits.5.xml.out:51 limits.5.xml.out:175
+msgid "/etc/limits"
+msgstr "/etc/limits"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: limits.5.xml.out:52
+msgid "config.h"
+msgstr "config.h"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:49
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> file (<_:filename-2/> by default or LIMITS_FILE defined "
+"<_:filename-3/>) describes the resource limits you wish to impose. It should "
+"be owned by root and readable by root account only."
+msgstr ""
+"Файл <_:emphasis-1/> (типово, <_:filename-2/> або LIMITS_FILE, який "
+"визначено <_:filename-3/>) описує обмеження на ресурси, які ви хочете "
+"накласти. Власником файла має бути root. Доступ до читання даних з файла "
+"повинен мати лише користувач root."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"By default no quota is imposed on 'root'. In fact, there is no way to impose "
+"limits via this procedure to root-equiv accounts (accounts with UID 0)."
+msgstr ""
+"Типово, квота не накладатиметься на «root». Фактично, немає способу накласти "
+"обмеження за допомогою цієї процедури на еквівалентні root облікові записи "
+"(облікові записи із UID 0)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:"
+msgstr "Кожен рядок описує обмеження для користувача у такій формі:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "user LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "user LIMITS_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:69
+msgid "or in the form:"
+msgstr "або у такій формі:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "@group LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "@group LIMITS_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:76 limits.5.xml.out:112
+msgid "LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "LIMITS_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits. "
+"Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> є рядком об'єднаного списку обмежень ресурсів. Кожен запис "
+"обмеження складається з літери-ідентифікатора, за яким вказано числове "
+"обмеження."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "The valid identifiers are:"
+msgstr "Коректні ідентифікатори:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:84
+msgid "A: max address space (KB)"
+msgstr "A: максимальний простір адрес (у кБ)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "C: max core file size (KB)"
+msgstr "C: максимальний розмір файла ядра (у кБ)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:86
+msgid "D: max data size (KB)"
+msgstr "D: максимальний розмір даних (у кБ)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:87
+msgid "F: maximum file size (KB)"
+msgstr "F: максимальний розмір файла (у кБ)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:90
+msgid "umask"
+msgstr "umask"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:88
+msgid "K: file creation mask, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr "K: маска створення файла, встановлена <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:93
+msgid "I: max nice value (0..39 which translates to 20..-19)"
+msgstr ""
+"I: максимальне значення nice (у діапазоні 0..39, який відображається на "
+"значення 20..-19)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:95
+msgid "L: max number of logins for this user"
+msgstr "L: максимальна кількість входів для цього користувача"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:96
+msgid "M: max locked-in-memory address space (KB)"
+msgstr "M: максимальний простір заблокований у пам'яті адрес (у кБ)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "N: max number of open files"
+msgstr "N: максимальна кількість відкритих файлів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:98
+msgid "O: max real time priority"
+msgstr "O: максимальна пріоритетність реального часу"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:101 limits.5.xml.out:188
+msgid "setpriority"
+msgstr "setpriority"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:99
+msgid "P: process priority, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"P: пріоритетність процесу, встановлена за допомогою <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:104
+msgid "R: max resident set size (KB)"
+msgstr "R: максимальний розмір резидентного набору (у кБ)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:105
+msgid "S: max stack size (KB)"
+msgstr "S: максимальний розмір стека (KB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:106
+msgid "T: max CPU time (MIN)"
+msgstr "T: максимальний час процесора (MIN)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:107
+msgid "U: max number of processes"
+msgstr "U: максимальна кількість процесів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:111
+msgid "L2D2048N5"
+msgstr "L2D2048N5"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:110
+msgid ""
+"For example, <_:emphasis-1/> is a valid <_:emphasis-2/>. For reading "
+"convenience, the following entries are equivalent:"
+msgstr ""
+"Наприклад, <_:emphasis-1/> є коректним <_:emphasis-2/>. Для зручності "
+"читання наступні записи є еквівалентними:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: limits.5.xml.out:116
+msgid "username L2D2048N5 username L2 D2048 N5"
+msgstr "username L2D2048N5 username L2 D2048 N5"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: limits.5.xml.out:122 login.1.xml.out:83 login.1.xml.out:91
+#: login.1.xml.out:197 su.1.xml.out:70 su.1.xml.out:82 su.1.xml.out:95
+#: su.1.xml.out:153 su.1.xml.out:155 useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid "username"
+msgstr "користувач"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:121
+msgid ""
+"Be aware that after <_:emphasis-1/> the rest of the line is considered a "
+"limit string, thus comments are not allowed. An invalid limits string will "
+"be rejected (not considered) by the <_:command-2/> program."
+msgstr ""
+"Зважайте на те, що після <_:emphasis-1/> решта рядка вважається рядком "
+"обмеження, тому коментарі там заборонено. Некоректний рядок обмежень буде "
+"відкинуто (не взято до уваги) програмою <_:command-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:129
+msgid "*"
+msgstr "*"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:130
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "default"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:131
+msgid "LIMITS_FILE"
+msgstr "LIMITS_FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:128
+msgid ""
+"The default entry is denoted by username \"<_:emphasis-1/>\". If you have "
+"multiple <_:emphasis-2/> entries in your <_:emphasis-3/>, then the last one "
+"will be used as the default entry."
+msgstr ""
+"Типовий запис буде позначено іменем користувача «<_:emphasis-1/>». Якщо у "
+"вас декілька записів <_:emphasis-2/> у вашому <_:emphasis-3/>, як типовий "
+"буде використано останній запис."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: limits.5.xml.out:136 limits.5.xml.out:148
+msgid "@group"
+msgstr "@group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"The limits specified in the form \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" apply to the members "
+"of the specified <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Обмеження, які задано у формі «<_:replaceable-1/>», буде застосовано до "
+"учасників вказаної групи <_:replaceable-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:141
+msgid ""
+"If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for "
+"this user will be considered."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо існує декілька рядків із обмеженнями для користувача, враховано буде "
+"лише перший з рядків."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:146
+msgid ""
+"If no lines are specified for a user, the last <_:replaceable-1/> line "
+"matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the "
+"last line with default limits if no groups contain the user."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо для користувача не вказано жодного рядка, буде враховано останній з "
+"рядків <_:replaceable-1/> для групи, учасником якої є користувач, або "
+"останній рядок із типовими обмеженнями, якщо немає груп, учасником яких є "
+"користувач."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: limits.5.xml.out:155 limits.5.xml.out:160 login.access.5.xml.out:72
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:47 newgrp.1.xml.out:56 sg.1.xml.out:48 su.1.xml.out:67
+#: su.1.xml.out:84 su.1.xml.out:93 su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:152
+msgid "-"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:153
+msgid ""
+"To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" "
+"will do."
+msgstr ""
+"Щоб повністю вимкнути обмеження для користувача, скористайтеся одинарним "
+"дефісом «<_:emphasis-1/>»."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"To disable a limit for a user, a single dash \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" can be "
+"used instead of the numerical value for this limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Щоб вимкнути якесь обмеження для користувача, скористайтеся замість "
+"числового значення цього обмеження одинарним дефісом «<_:replaceable-1/>»."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:164
+msgid ""
+"Also, please note that all limit settings are set PER LOGIN. They are not "
+"global, nor are they permanent. Perhaps global limits will come, but for now "
+"this will have to do ;)"
+msgstr ""
+"Також, будь ласка, зауважте, що усі параметри обмежень буде встановлено на "
+"період роботи у системі. Вони не є загальними і не є сталими. Можливо, "
+"колись загальні обмеження буде реалізовано, але поки усе ось так. ;)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:191
+msgid "setrlimit"
+msgstr "setrlimit"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "begin session on the system"
+msgstr "розпочати сеанс у системі"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: login.1.xml.out:81 login.1.xml.out:89 login.1.xml.out:96
+msgid "host"
+msgstr "host"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: login.1.xml.out:81 login.1.xml.out:89
+msgid "-h <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-h <_:replaceable-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: login.1.xml.out:84
+msgid "ENV=VAR"
+msgstr "СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ=ЗМІННА"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: login.1.xml.out:96
+msgid "-r <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-r <_:replaceable-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "login:"
+msgstr "login:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:109
+msgid "exec login"
+msgstr "exec login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:102
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program is used to establish a new session with the "
+"system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> prompt on the user's terminal. <_:command-3/> may be special to "
+"the shell and may not be invoked as a sub-process. When called from a shell, "
+"<_:command-4/> should be executed as <_:emphasis-5/> which will cause the "
+"user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in "
+"user to return to the session of the caller). Attempting to execute <_:"
+"command-6/> from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message."
+msgstr ""
+"Програму <_:command-1/> призначено для встановлення нового сеансу роботи з "
+"системою. Зазвичай, її виклик відбувається автоматично у відповідь на запит "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> у терміналі користувача. <_:command-3/> може бути "
+"спеціалізованою для оболонки і непридатною до виклику у форматі підлеглого "
+"процесу. Якщо програму викликано з оболонки, <_:command-4/> має бути "
+"виконано як <_:emphasis-5/>, що спричинить вихід користувача з поточної "
+"оболонки (і, таким чином, запобігатиме поверненню користувача, який увійшов "
+"до системи, до сеансу того, хто віддав команду). Спроба виконати <_:"
+"command-6/> з будь-якої командної оболонки, окрім оболонки входу, призведе "
+"до виведення повідомлення про помилку."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:116
+msgid ""
+"The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is "
+"disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of password "
+"failures are permitted before <_:command-1/> exits and the communications "
+"link is severed."
+msgstr ""
+"Після цього, користувачеві, якщо це потрібно, буде запропоновано ввести "
+"пароль. Відтворення пароля на екрані буде вимкнено, щоб запобігти розкриттю "
+"пароля. Кількість спроб буде суттєво обмежено. При перевищенні граничної "
+"кількості спроб ввести пароль <_:command-1/> завершить роботу і перерве "
+"зв'язок для обміну даними."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:123
+msgid ""
+"If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for "
+"a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to provide your old "
+"password and the new password before continuing. Please refer to <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо для вашого облікового запису було увімкнено застарівання паролів, "
+"програма може попросити вас ввести новий пароль, перш ніж продовжити роботу. "
+"Вам доведеться ввести старий і новий пароль, перш ніж продовжити роботу. "
+"Будь ласка, зверніться до підручника з <_:citerefentry-1/>, щоб дізнатися "
+"більше."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:135 login.1.xml.out:341
+msgid "/etc/motd"
+msgstr "/etc/motd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:136
+msgid ".hushlogin"
+msgstr ".hushlogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:137
+msgid "You have new mail."
+msgstr "Ви отримали нову пошту."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:138
+msgid "You have mail."
+msgstr "Для вас є пошта."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:139
+msgid "No Mail."
+msgstr "Пошти немає."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and "
+"the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of the system message "
+"file, <_:filename-1/>, by creating a zero-length file <_:filename-2/> in "
+"your login directory. The mail message will be one of \"<_:emphasis-3/>\", "
+"\"<_:emphasis-4/>\", or \"<_:emphasis-5/>\" according to the condition of "
+"your mailbox."
+msgstr ""
+"Після успішного входу до системи вас буде проінформовано про усі "
+"повідомлення системи та наявність пошти. Ви можете вимкнути виведення даних "
+"до файла повідомлень системи, <_:filename-1/>, створенням файла нульового "
+"розміру <_:filename-2/> у вашому каталозі для входу. Повідомленням про пошту "
+"буде одне з таких повідомлень: «<_:emphasis-3/>», «<_:emphasis-4/>» або «<_:"
+"emphasis-5/>», відповідно до стану вашої поштової скриньки."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 passwd.5.xml.out:126 su.1.xml.out:247
+msgid "$HOME"
+msgstr "$HOME"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 passwd.5.xml.out:133 su.1.xml.out:179 su.1.xml.out:199
+#: su.1.xml.out:247
+msgid "$SHELL"
+msgstr "$SHELL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#. (itstool) path: term/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 su.1.xml.out:105 su.1.xml.out:215 su.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "$PATH"
+msgstr "$PATH"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:147 su.1.xml.out:248
+msgid "$LOGNAME"
+msgstr "$LOGNAME"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:147 su.1.xml.out:275
+msgid "$MAIL"
+msgstr "$MAIL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:143
+msgid ""
+"Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the <_:"
+"filename-1/> file. The value for <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, "
+"<_:envar-5/>, and <_:envar-6/> are set according to the appropriate fields "
+"in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set "
+"according to entries in the GECOS field."
+msgstr ""
+"Ваші ідентифікатори користувача і групи буде встановлено відповідно до "
+"значень у файлі <_:filename-1/>. Значення <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:"
+"envar-4/>, <_:envar-5/> і <_:envar-6/> буде встановлено відповідно до "
+"відповідних полів у записі пароля. Значення ulimit, umask і nice також може "
+"бути встановлено  відповідно до записів у полі GECOS."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:154 su.1.xml.out:264
+msgid "$TERM"
+msgstr "$TERM"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:155 login.1.xml.out:353
+msgid "/etc/ttytype"
+msgstr "/etc/ttytype"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:152
+msgid ""
+"On some installations, the environmental variable <_:envar-1/> will be "
+"initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in <_:"
+"filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"У деяких встановлених системах змінну середовища <_:envar-1/> буде "
+"ініціалізовано значенням типу термінала у вашому рядку tty, як це вказано у "
+"<_:filename-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"An initialization script for your command interpreter may also be executed. "
+"Please see the appropriate manual section for more information on this "
+"function."
+msgstr ""
+"Також може бути виконано скрипт ініціалізації для вашого інтерпретатора "
+"командного рядка. Будь ласка, зверніться до відповідного розділу підручника, "
+"щоб дізнатися більше про цю функціональну можливість."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:164 su.1.xml.out:112
+msgid ""
+"A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a \"*\" as the first "
+"character of the login shell. The given home directory will be used as the "
+"root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into."
+msgstr ""
+"Вхід до підсистеми буде позначено наявністю «*» як першого символу оболонки "
+"входу. Заданий домашній каталог буде використано як кореневий каталог нової "
+"файлової системи, до якої користувач насправді увійшов."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:173 login.1.xml.out:249 login.1.xml.out:401
+msgid "getty"
+msgstr "getty"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:175 login.1.xml.out:251
+msgid "init"
+msgstr "init"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:178 login.1.xml.out:254
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr "exec"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:170 login.1.xml.out:246
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program is NOT responsible for removing users from the "
+"utmp file. It is the responsibility of <_:citerefentry-2/> and <_:"
+"citerefentry-3/> to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session. If "
+"you use <_:command-4/> from the shell prompt without <_:command-5/>, the "
+"user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out "
+"of the \"subsession\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Програма <_:command-1/> НЕ відповідає за вилучення записів користувачів з "
+"файла utmp. За чищення видимого власника сеансу термінала відповідають <_:"
+"citerefentry-2/> і <_:citerefentry-3/>. Якщо ви користуєтеся <_:command-4/> "
+"з запиту командної оболонки без <_:command-5/>, використаний вами обліковий "
+"запис користувача продовжуватиме «працювати» у системі, навіть після того, "
+"як ви вийдете з «підлеглого сеансу»."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:193
+msgid "Do not perform authentication, user is preauthenticated."
+msgstr "Не виконувати розпізнавання, користувача попередньо розпізнано."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:196
+msgid "Note: In that case, <_:replaceable-1/> is mandatory."
+msgstr "Зауваження: у цьому випадку обов'язковим є <_:replaceable-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:207
+msgid "Name of the remote host for this login."
+msgstr "Назва віддаленого вузла для цього входу до облікового запису."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:215
+msgid "Preserve environment."
+msgstr "Зберегти середовище."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:223
+msgid "Perform autologin protocol for rlogin."
+msgstr "Виконати протокол автоматичного входу для rlogin."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:228
+msgid ""
+"The <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> options are only used "
+"when <_:command-4/> is invoked by root."
+msgstr ""
+"Параметри <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> і <_:option-3/> використовують, лише "
+"якщо <_:command-4/> викликано від імені користувача root."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:237 su.1.xml.out:307
+msgid ""
+"This version of <_:command-1/> has many compilation options, only some of "
+"which may be in use at any particular site."
+msgstr ""
+"У цієї версії <_:command-1/> багато параметрів збирання. У певній збірці "
+"може бути використано лише частину з них."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:242
+msgid ""
+"The location of files is subject to differences in system configuration."
+msgstr "Розташування файлів є різним у різних конфігураціях системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:258
+msgid ""
+"As with any program, <_:command-1/>'s appearance can be faked. If non-"
+"trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this "
+"to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the "
+"machine. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a "
+"trusted path and prevent this kind of attack."
+msgstr ""
+"Як і з будь-якою програмою, вигляд <_:command-1/> може бути підроблено. Якщо "
+"до комп'ютера мають фізичний доступ сторонні користувачі, зловмисник може "
+"скористатися цим для отримання пароля наступного за ним користувача "
+"комп'ютера. У Linux користувачі можуть скористатися механізмом SAK для "
+"ініціалізації надійного шляху і запобігання атакам цього типу."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:317 logoutd.8.xml.out:56 logoutd.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "/var/run/utmp"
+msgstr "/var/run/utmp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:319 logoutd.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "List of current login sessions."
+msgstr "Список поточних сеансів входу до системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:323
+msgid "/var/log/wtmp"
+msgstr "/var/log/wtmp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:325
+msgid "List of previous login sessions."
+msgstr "Список попередніх сеансів входу до системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:343
+msgid "System message of the day file."
+msgstr "Файл повідомлень дня системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:347
+msgid "/etc/nologin"
+msgstr "/etc/nologin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:349
+msgid "Prevent non-root users from logging in."
+msgstr "Запобігати спробам входу до системи користувачів, відмінних від root."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:355
+msgid "List of terminal types."
+msgstr "Список типів терміналів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:359
+msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+msgstr "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:361
+msgid "Suppress printing of system messages."
+msgstr "Придушити виведення системних повідомлень."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:377
+msgid "mail"
+msgstr "mail"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:383 su.1.xml.out:424
+msgid "sh"
+msgstr "sh"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:386 login.defs.5.xml.out:436 login.defs.5.xml.out:520
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:536 newgrp.1.xml.out:136 passwd.5.xml.out:197
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:283 sg.1.xml.out:128 su.1.xml.out:50 su.1.xml.out:57
+#: su.1.xml.out:62 su.1.xml.out:81 su.1.xml.out:83 su.1.xml.out:121
+#: su.1.xml.out:201 su.1.xml.out:239 su.1.xml.out:308 su.1.xml.out:368
+#: su.1.xml.out:372 su.1.xml.out:377 su.1.xml.out:381 suauth.5.xml.out:201
+msgid "su"
+msgstr "su"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:392 nologin.8.xml.out:22 nologin.8.xml.out:29
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:35 nologin.8.xml.out:42 nologin.8.xml.out:48
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:63 nologin.8.xml.out:71
+msgid "nologin"
+msgstr "nologin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:398
+msgid "securetty"
+msgstr "securetty"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:16 pwconv.8.xml.out:21 suauth.5.xml.out:15
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:17
+msgid "Marek"
+msgstr "Marek"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:17 pwconv.8.xml.out:22 suauth.5.xml.out:16
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:18
+msgid "Michałkiewicz"
+msgstr "Michałkiewicz"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:34 login.access.5.xml.out:41
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:48 login.access.5.xml.out:54
+msgid "login.access"
+msgstr "login.access"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:42
+msgid "login access control table"
+msgstr "таблиця керування доступом до входу до системи"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:47
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, "
+"tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused."
+msgstr ""
+"У файлі <_:emphasis-1/> задають комбінації (користувач, вузол) і/або "
+"(користувач, термінал), для яких вхід до системи буде прийнятним або "
+"забороненим."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:53
+msgid ""
+"When someone logs in, the <_:emphasis-1/> is scanned for the first entry "
+"that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non-networked "
+"logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination. The "
+"permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be "
+"accepted or refused."
+msgstr ""
+"Коли хтось входить до системи, система виконує сканування <_:emphasis-1/> на "
+"перший запис, який відповідає комбінації (користувач, вузол), або, у випадку "
+"позамережевих входів, перший запис, який відповідає комбінації (користувач, "
+"термінал). Поле прав доступу у записі цієї таблиці визначає, буде вхід "
+"прийнято чи заборонено."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"Each line of the login access control table has three fields separated by a "
+"\":\" character:"
+msgstr ""
+"Кожен рядок таблиці керування доступом до входу до системи містить три поля, "
+"які відокремлено символом «:»:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+msgid "permission"
+msgstr "права доступу"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+msgid "users"
+msgstr "користувачі"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+msgid "origins"
+msgstr "origins"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>:<_:emphasis-3/>"
+msgstr "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>:<_:emphasis-3/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:71
+msgid "+"
+msgstr "+"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:74 login.access.5.xml.out:78 suauth.5.xml.out:78
+msgid "ALL"
+msgstr "ALL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/literal
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:76 login.access.5.xml.out:77
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:80
+msgid "."
+msgstr "."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "LOCAL"
+msgstr "LOCAL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:70
+msgid ""
+"The first field should be a \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" (access granted) or \"<_:"
+"emphasis-2/>\" (access denied) character. The second field should be a list "
+"of one or more login names, group names, or <_:emphasis-3/> (always "
+"matches). The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non-"
+"networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with \"<_:literal-4/>\"), "
+"host addresses, internet network numbers (end with \"<_:literal-5/>\"), <_:"
+"emphasis-6/> (always matches) or <_:emphasis-7/> (matches any string that "
+"does not contain a \"<_:literal-8/>\" character). If you run NIS you can use "
+"@netgroupname in host or user patterns."
+msgstr ""
+"Першим полем має бути символ «<_:emphasis-1/>» (доступ надано) або «<_:"
+"emphasis-2/>» (доступ заборонено). У другому полі має бути список одного або "
+"декількох назв облікових записів, назв груп або <_:emphasis-3/> "
+"(універсальний відповідник). У третьому полі має бути список одного або "
+"декількох терміналів (для немережевих входів), назв вузлів, назв доменів "
+"(починаються з «<_:literal-4/>»), адрес вузлів, мережевих чисел інтернету "
+"(завершуються «<_:literal-5/>»), <_:emphasis-6/> (універсальний відповідник) "
+"або <_:emphasis-7/> (відповідник будь-якого рядка, який не містить символу "
+"«<_:literal-8/>»). Якщо ви працюєте з NIS ви можете скористатися "
+"@netgroupname у взірцях вузла або користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "EXCEPT"
+msgstr "EXCEPT"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:84
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> operator makes it possible to write very compact rules."
+msgstr "Оператор <_:emphasis-1/> уможливлює написання дуже компактних правил."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:89
+msgid ""
+"The group file is searched only when a name does not match that of the "
+"logged-in user. Only groups are matched in which users are explicitly "
+"listed: the program does not look at a user's primary group id value."
+msgstr ""
+"Пошук у файлі груп відбуватиметься, лише якщо ім'я не збігатиметься із "
+"іменем користувача, що увійшов до системи. Відповідними вважатимуться лише "
+"ті групи, користувачів яких вказано явно: програма не шукатиме у значення "
+"ідентифікаторів основної групи користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:110 porttime.5.xml.out:119 suauth.5.xml.out:199
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr "<_:citerefentry-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "shadow password suite configuration"
+msgstr "Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:115
+msgid ""
+"The <_:filename-1/> file defines the site-specific configuration for the "
+"shadow password suite. This file is required. Absence of this file will not "
+"prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation."
+msgstr ""
+"Файл <_:filename-1/> визначає специфічні для системи налаштування для "
+"комплексу керування паролями shadow. Цей файл є необхідним. Якщо цього файла "
+"не завадить працездатності системи, але, ймовірно, призведе до небажаних "
+"наслідків."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:122
+msgid ""
+"This file is a readable text file, each line of the file describing one "
+"configuration parameter. The lines consist of a configuration name and "
+"value, separated by whitespace. Blank lines and comment lines are ignored. "
+"Comments are introduced with a \"#\" pound sign and the pound sign must be "
+"the first non-white character of the line."
+msgstr ""
+"Цей файл є придатним до читання текстовим файлом, кожен з рядків якого "
+"описує один параметр налаштувань. Рядки складаються з назви налаштування та "
+"значення, які відокремлено пробілом. Порожні рядки і рядки коментарів буде "
+"проігноровано. Коментарі позначають символом «#», цей символ має бути першим "
+"непробільним символом рядка."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:133 useradd.8.xml.out:242 useradd.8.xml.out:380
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:87 userdel.8.xml.out:297
+msgid "yes"
+msgstr "так"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:140
+msgid "0x"
+msgstr "0x"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:130
+msgid ""
+"Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long "
+"numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters. A boolean should "
+"be either the value <_:replaceable-1/> or <_:replaceable-2/>. An undefined "
+"boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a <_:"
+"replaceable-3/> value. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal "
+"values, octal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-4/>) or "
+"hexadecimal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-5/>). The maximum "
+"value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine-dependent."
+msgstr ""
+"Значення параметрів мають належати до чотирьох типів: рядки, булеві "
+"значення, числа та числа з подвійною точністю. Рядок складається з будь-яких "
+"друкованих символів. Булеве значення має бути одним з двох: <_:replaceable-1/"
+"> або <_:replaceable-2/>. Невизначеному булевому параметру або булевому "
+"параметру, значенням якого не є одне з цих двох значень, буде надано "
+"значення <_:replaceable-3/>. Числа (звичайні і з подвійною точністю) можуть "
+"бути десятковими, вісімковими (їхні записи починаються з <_:replaceable-4/>) "
+"або шістнадцятковими (їхні записи починаються з <_:replaceable-5/>). "
+"Максимальне значення звичайного числового параметра або числового параметра "
+"з подвійною точністю визначається характеристиками системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:145
+msgid "The following configuration items are provided:"
+msgstr "У ваше розпорядження надано такі пункти налаштувань:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:193 pwconv.8.xml.out:146 useradd.8.xml.out:309
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:314
+msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS"
+msgstr "PASS_MAX_DAYS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:193 pwconv.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "PASS_MIN_DAYS"
+msgstr "PASS_MIN_DAYS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:194 pwconv.8.xml.out:147
+msgid "PASS_WARN_AGE"
+msgstr "PASS_WARN_AGE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: variablelist/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:192
+msgid ""
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> are only used at the time of "
+"account creation. Any changes to these settings won't affect existing "
+"accounts."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> і <_:option-3/> буде використано лише у момент "
+"створення облікового запису. Будь-які зміни у цих параметрах не вплинуть на "
+"наявні облікові записи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:225
+msgid "CROSS REFERENCES"
+msgstr "ПЕРЕХРЕСНІ ПОСИЛАННЯ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:226
+msgid ""
+"The following cross references show which programs in the shadow password "
+"suite use which parameters."
+msgstr ""
+"Наведені нижче посилання показують, які програми комплексу для роботи з "
+"паролями shadow використовують відповідні параметри."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:235 login.defs.5.xml.out:423 login.defs.5.xml.out:431
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:503 pwck.8.xml.out:75 pwck.8.xml.out:216
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:232 pwconv.8.xml.out:89 pwconv.8.xml.out:91
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:94 pwconv.8.xml.out:105 pwconv.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "USE_TCB"
+msgstr "USE_TCB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:242
+msgid "CHFN_AUTH"
+msgstr "CHFN_AUTH"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:244 login.defs.5.xml.out:359
+msgid "LOGIN_STRING"
+msgstr "LOGIN_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:241
+msgid "<_:phrase-1/> CHFN_RESTRICT <_:phrase-2/>"
+msgstr "<_:phrase-1/> CHFN_RESTRICT <_:phrase-2/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:253 login.defs.5.xml.out:264 login.defs.5.xml.out:284
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:388 login.defs.5.xml.out:404
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgstr "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:251 login.defs.5.xml.out:282
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr "ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <_:phrase-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:262
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgstr "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:272
+msgid "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+msgstr "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:292
+msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN"
+msgstr "GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:301 login.defs.5.xml.out:307 login.defs.5.xml.out:313
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:320 login.defs.5.xml.out:326 login.defs.5.xml.out:332
+msgid "MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP"
+msgstr "MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:330 pwconv.8.xml.out:49 pwconv.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:119 pwconv.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:167
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "grpunconv"
+msgstr "grpunconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:339
+msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+msgstr "LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:346 login.defs.5.xml.out:439
+msgid "CONSOLE"
+msgstr "CONSOLE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:348
+msgid "ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr "ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:351
+msgid "FAILLOG_ENAB"
+msgstr "FAILLOG_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:353
+msgid "FTMP_FILE"
+msgstr "FTMP_FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:355
+msgid "ISSUE_FILE"
+msgstr "ISSUE_FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:357
+msgid "LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+msgstr "LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:361
+msgid ""
+"MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE "
+"PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+"MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE "
+"PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:365
+msgid "ULIMIT UMASK"
+msgstr "ULIMIT UMASK"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:345
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY "
+"<_:phrase-3/> FAKE_SHELL <_:phrase-4/> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <_:phrase-5/> KILLCHAR "
+"<_:phrase-6/> LOGIN_RETRIES <_:phrase-7/> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+"LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <_:phrase-8/> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <_:phrase-9/> "
+"USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY "
+"<_:phrase-3/> FAKE_SHELL <_:phrase-4/> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <_:phrase-5/> KILLCHAR "
+"<_:phrase-6/> LOGIN_RETRIES <_:phrase-7/> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+"LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <_:phrase-8/> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <_:phrase-9/> "
+"USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:372
+msgid "newgrp / sg"
+msgstr "newgrp / sg"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:374
+msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+msgstr "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:382
+msgid ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
+"HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/> "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
+"HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/> "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:401
+msgid ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
+"PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
+"PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <_:phrase-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:414
+msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+msgstr "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:412 login.defs.5.xml.out:421
+msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:419 passwd.5.xml.out:188 pwconv.8.xml.out:39
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:46 pwconv.8.xml.out:55 pwconv.8.xml.out:83
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:88 pwconv.8.xml.out:90 pwconv.8.xml.out:134
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:144 pwconv.8.xml.out:165 pwconv.8.xml.out:216
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:277
+msgid "pwconv"
+msgstr "pwconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:428 passwd.5.xml.out:191 pwconv.8.xml.out:47
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:61 pwconv.8.xml.out:98 pwconv.8.xml.out:104
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:109 pwconv.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:157
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:166 shadow.5.xml.out:280
+msgid "pwunconv"
+msgstr "pwunconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:441
+msgid "ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr "ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:443
+msgid "ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB"
+msgstr "ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:446
+msgid "SU_WHEEL_ONLY"
+msgstr "SU_WHEEL_ONLY"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:438
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH "
+"<_:phrase-3/> SULOG_FILE SU_NAME <_:phrase-4/> SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <_:phrase-5/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH "
+"<_:phrase-3/> SULOG_FILE SU_NAME <_:phrase-4/> SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <_:phrase-5/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:453 passwd.5.xml.out:200 shadow.5.xml.out:286
+msgid "sulogin"
+msgstr "sulogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:457 su.1.xml.out:278
+msgid "ENV_TZ"
+msgstr "ENV_TZ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:455
+msgid "ENV_HZ <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr "ENV_HZ <_:phrase-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:475
+msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB"
+msgstr "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:464
+msgid ""
+"CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR "
+"MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <_:"
+"phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR "
+"MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <_:"
+"phrase-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:485 login.defs.5.xml.out:495
+msgid "TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+msgstr "TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:482
+msgid ""
+"MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB <_:"
+"phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB <_:"
+"phrase-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:492
+msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr "LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <_:phrase-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:500 vipw.8.xml.out:35 vipw.8.xml.out:42
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:51 vipw.8.xml.out:67 vipw.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "vipw"
+msgstr "vipw"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:511 pwconv.8.xml.out:193 suauth.5.xml.out:179
+msgid "BUGS"
+msgstr "ВАДИ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:512
+msgid ""
+"Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow password "
+"suite is now handled by PAM. Thus, <_:filename-1/> is no longer used by <_:"
+"citerefentry-2/>, or less used by <_:citerefentry-3/>, and <_:citerefentry-4/"
+">. Please refer to the corresponding PAM configuration files instead."
+msgstr ""
+"Багато функціональних можливостей, роботу яких раніше забезпечував комплекс "
+"для роботи з паролями shadow, у сучасних системах реалізовано за допомогою "
+"PAM. Таким чином, <_:filename-1/> більше не використовується <_:"
+"citerefentry-2/> і менше використовується <_:citerefentry-3/> і <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>. Будь ласка, зверніться до опису відповідних файлів "
+"налаштувань PAM."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:545
+msgid "pam"
+msgstr "pam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:528
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:33 logoutd.8.xml.out:40 logoutd.8.xml.out:46
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:53 logoutd.8.xml.out:55
+msgid "logoutd"
+msgstr "logoutd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "enforce login time restrictions"
+msgstr "примусово застосувати обмеження щодо часу входу"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:54 logoutd.8.xml.out:60 logoutd.8.xml.out:68
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:87 porttime.5.xml.out:109
+msgid "/etc/porttime"
+msgstr "/etc/porttime"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:56
+msgid "/etc/rc"
+msgstr "/etc/rc"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:52
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in <_:"
+"filename-2/>. <_:command-3/> should be started from <_:filename-4/>. The <_:"
+"filename-5/> file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to "
+"see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time. "
+"Any login session which is violating the restrictions in <_:filename-6/> is "
+"terminated."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:command-1/> накладає обмеження на час входу та порт, які вказано у <_:"
+"filename-2/>. <_:command-3/> має бути запущено з <_:filename-4/>. Система "
+"виконуватиме регулярне сканування <_:filename-5/>. Буде виконано перевірку "
+"кожного користувача з метою визначення того, чи має доступ користувач до "
+"іменованого порту у поточний момент часу. Усі сеанси роботи, які "
+"порушуватимуть обмеження у <_:filename-6/>, буде перервано."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:70 porttime.5.xml.out:111
+msgid "File containing port access."
+msgstr "Файл, у якому містяться дані доступу до портів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "log in to a new group"
+msgstr "увійти до нової групи"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:54
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to change the current group ID during a "
+"login session. If the optional <_:option-2/> flag is given, the user's "
+"environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, "
+"otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, "
+"remains unchanged."
+msgstr ""
+"Команду <_:command-1/> призначено для зміни поточного ідентифікатора групи "
+"під час сеансу роботи у системі. Якщо вказано необов'язковий прапорець <_:"
+"option-2/>, середовища користувача буде повторно ініціалізовано так, наче "
+"користувач знову увійшов до системи. Якщо прапорець не вказано, лишиться "
+"незмінним поточне середовища, включно із поточним робочим каталогом."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:62
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to "
+"the default group listed in <_:filename-2/> if no group name is given. <_:"
+"command-3/> also tries to add the group to the user groupset. If not root, "
+"the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in "
+"<_:filename-4/> if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or "
+"in <_:filename-5/> otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not "
+"listed as a member and the group has a password. The user will be denied "
+"access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:command-1/> змінює поточний справжній ідентифікатор групи на "
+"ідентифікатор іменованої групи або ідентифікатор типової групи зі списку у "
+"<_:filename-2/>, якщо назву групи не вказано. <_:command-3/> також "
+"намагається додати групу до набору груп користувача. Якщо команду віддано не "
+"від імені root, система попросить користувача ввести пароль, якщо у нього "
+"немає пароля (у <_:filename-4/>, якщо цей користувач має запис у файлі "
+"прихованих паролів, або у <_:filename-5/>, якщо це не так), а у групи є, або "
+"якщо користувача немає у списку учасників, а групу захищено паролем. "
+"Користувачеві буде відмовлено у доступі, якщо пароль групи є порожнім, а "
+"користувача немає у списку її учасників."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If there is an entry for this group in <_:filename-1/>, then the list of "
+"members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, "
+"otherwise, the entry in <_:filename-2/> is considered."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо у цієї групи є запис у <_:filename-1/>, список учасників і пароль до "
+"цієї групи буде взято з цього файла. Якщо запису немає, буде враховано запис "
+"у <_:filename-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:130 sg.1.xml.out:119
+msgid "id"
+msgstr "id"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "update and create new users in batch"
+msgstr "пакетне оновлення і створення облікових записів користувачів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:74
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a <_:replaceable-2/> (or the standard input "
+"by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or "
+"to create new users. Each line is in the same format as the standard "
+"password file (see <_:citerefentry-3/>) with the exceptions explained below:"
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <_:command-1/> читає <_:replaceable-2/> (або, типово, стандартного "
+"джерела вхідних даних) і використовує ці дані для оновлення набору наявних "
+"записів користувачів або створення записів нових користувачів. Кожен рядок "
+"записано у тому самому форматі, що і стандартний файл паролів (див. <_:"
+"citerefentry-3/>). Винятки з цього правила описано нижче:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell"
+msgstr "pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:87
+msgid "pw_name"
+msgstr "pw_name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:90
+msgid "This is the name of the user."
+msgstr "Це ім'я користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:93
+msgid ""
+"It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>). In case of an existing user, the user's "
+"information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Це може бути ім'я нового користувача або ім'я наявного користувача (або "
+"користувача, запис якого створено раніше за допомогою <_:command-1/>). У "
+"випадку наявного користувача буде змінено дані щодо користувача. Якщо запису "
+"користувача не існуватиме, його буде створено."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "pw_passwd"
+msgstr "pw_passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:107
+msgid ""
+"This field will be encrypted and used as the new value of the encrypted "
+"password."
+msgstr ""
+"Це поле буде зашифровано і використано як нове значення зашифрованого пароля."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "pw_uid"
+msgstr "pw_uid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "This field is used to define the UID of the user."
+msgstr "Це поле буде використано для визначення UID користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:121
+msgid ""
+"If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by "
+"<_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо поле є порожнім, новий (невикористаний) UID буде визначено <_:command-1/"
+"> автоматично."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "If this field contains a number, this number will be used as the UID."
+msgstr "Якщо у цьому полі міститься число, це число буде використано як UID."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:129
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>), the UID of the specified user will be "
+"used."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо у цьому полі міститься ім'я наявного користувача (або ім'я користувача, "
+"запис якого було створено раніше за допомогою <_:command-1/>), буде "
+"використано UID вказаного користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"If the UID of an existing user is changed, the files ownership of the user's "
+"file should be fixed manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо буде змінено UID наявного користувача, власність на файли файла "
+"користувача має бути виправлено вручну."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:143
+msgid "pw_gid"
+msgstr "pw_gid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "This field is used to define the primary group ID for the user."
+msgstr ""
+"Це поле використовують для визначення ідентифікатора основної групи "
+"користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:149
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created "
+"before by <_:command-1/>), the GID of this group will be used as the primary "
+"group ID for the user."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо у цьому полі міститься ім'я наявної групи (або групи, яку раніше "
+"створено за допомогою <_:command-1/>), GID цієї групи буде використано як "
+"ідентифікатор основної групи користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:155
+msgid ""
+"If this field is a number, this number will be used as the primary group ID "
+"of the user. If no groups exist with this GID, a new group will be created "
+"with this GID, and the name of the user."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо у цьому полі записано число, це число буде використано як ідентифікатор "
+"основної групи користувача. Якщо груп із цим GID не існує, буде створено "
+"нову групу з цим GID і назвою, яка збігається із іменем користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:161
+msgid ""
+"If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the "
+"user and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-1/> to be used as "
+"the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо це поле є порожнім, буде створено нову групу із назвою, яка збігається "
+"із іменем користувача, а GID буде автоматично визначено за допомогою <_:"
+"command-1/> для використання як ідентифікатора основної групи для "
+"користувача і як GID для нової групи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:167
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>), a new group will be created with the "
+"specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-2/> to "
+"be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо у цьому полі міститься назва групи, якої не існує (і її не було "
+"створено раніше за допомогою <_:command-1/>), буде створено нову групу із "
+"вказаною назвою, а GID буде автоматично визначено за допомогою <_:command-2/"
+"> для використання як ідентифікатора основної групи для користувача і GID "
+"для нової групи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:179
+msgid "pw_gecos"
+msgstr "pw_gecos"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:182
+msgid "This field is copied in the GECOS field of the user."
+msgstr "Це поле буде скопійовано до поля GECOS користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "pw_dir"
+msgstr "pw_dir"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:192
+msgid "This field is used to define the home directory of the user."
+msgstr "Це поле призначено для визначення домашнього каталогу користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "newusers does not create parent directories"
+msgstr "newusers не створює батьківських каталогів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified "
+"directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or "
+"updated and its primary group. Note that <_:emphasis-1/> of the new user's "
+"home directory. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory "
+"if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr "
+"informing the user of the failure. The newusers command will not halt or "
+"return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home "
+"directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо це поле не вказує на наявний каталог, вказаний каталог буде створено. "
+"Власником буде користувач, обліковий запис якого буде створено або оновлено, "
+"та його основна група. Зауважте, що <_:emphasis-1/> домашнього каталогу "
+"нового користувача. Команда newusers не зможе створити домашній каталог, "
+"якщо не існує батьківських щодо нього каталогів, і надішле повідомлення до "
+"stderr із інформуванням користувача про помилку. Команда newusers не перерве "
+"роботу і не поверне помилку до оболонки, з якої її віддано, якщо їй не "
+"вдасться створити домашній каталог, а продовжить обробку пакета вказаних "
+"нових користувачів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:208
+msgid ""
+"If the home directory of an existing user is changed, <_:command-1/> does "
+"not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location. This "
+"should be done manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо буде змінено домашній каталог наявного користувача, <_:command-1/> не "
+"пересуватиме і не копіюватиме вміст старого каталогу до нового місця. Це "
+"доведеться зробити вручну."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:218
+msgid "pw_shell"
+msgstr "pw_shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:221
+msgid ""
+"This field defines the shell of the user. No checks are performed on this "
+"field."
+msgstr ""
+"Це поле визначає командну оболонку користувача. Перевірки щодо вмісту цього "
+"поля не виконуються."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:229
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> first tries to create or change all the specified users, and "
+"then write these changes to the user or group databases. If an error occurs "
+"(except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to "
+"the databases."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:command-1/> спочатку намагається створити або змінити дані усіх вказаних "
+"користувачів, а потім записує ці зміни до баз даних користувачів або груп. "
+"Якщо станеться помилка (окрім остаточного запису до баз даних), змін до баз "
+"даних не вноситимуться."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:235
+msgid ""
+"During this first pass, users are created with a locked password (and "
+"passwords are not changed for the users which are not created). A second "
+"pass is used to update the passwords using PAM. Failures to update a "
+"password are reported, but will not stop the other password updates."
+msgstr ""
+"Під час першого проходу програма створює записи користувачів із заблокованим "
+"паролем (і паролі не змінено для користувачів, записи яких не створено). "
+"Другий прохід буде використано для оновлення паролів за допомогою PAM. Про "
+"помилки при оновленні паролів буде повідомлено, але оновлення паролів не "
+"буде зупинено."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:243
+msgid ""
+"This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many "
+"accounts are updated at a single time."
+msgstr ""
+"Цю команду призначено для використання у великих системних середовищах, де "
+"одночасно оновлюють багато облікових записів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:257 pwck.8.xml.out:164 useradd.8.xml.out:108
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:89
+msgid "--badname"
+msgstr "--badname"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:260 pwck.8.xml.out:167 useradd.8.xml.out:111
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "Allow names that do not conform to standards."
+msgstr "Дозволити назви, які не відповідають стандартам."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:290 useradd.8.xml.out:459
+msgid "Create a system account."
+msgstr "Створити загальносистемний обліковий запис."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:297 useradd.8.xml.out:466 usermod.8.xml.out:398
+msgid "SYS_UID_MIN"
+msgstr "SYS_UID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:297 useradd.8.xml.out:466 usermod.8.xml.out:398
+msgid "SYS_UID_MAX"
+msgstr "SYS_UID_MAX"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:308 useradd.8.xml.out:319
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:468 useradd.8.xml.out:538 usermod.8.xml.out:397
+msgid "UID_MIN"
+msgstr "UID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:308 useradd.8.xml.out:321
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:468 useradd.8.xml.out:543 usermod.8.xml.out:397
+msgid "UID_MAX"
+msgstr "UID_MAX"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:293 useradd.8.xml.out:462
+msgid ""
+"System users will be created with no aging information in <_:filename-1/>, "
+"and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the <_:option-2/>-<_:option-3/> "
+"range, defined in <_:filename-4/>, instead of <_:option-5/>-<_:option-6/> "
+"(and their <_:option-7/> counterparts for the creation of groups)."
+msgstr ""
+"Записи загальносистемних користувачів буде створено без даних щодо "
+"застарівання у <_:filename-1/>, а їхні числові ідентифікатори буде вибрано у "
+"діапазоні <_:option-2/>-<_:option-3/>, який визначено у <_:filename-4/>, а "
+"не у <_:option-5/>-<_:option-6/> (та їхніх відповідників <_:option-7/> для "
+"створення груп)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:349
+msgid ""
+"The input file must be protected since it contains unencrypted passwords."
+msgstr ""
+"Файл вхідних даних має бути захищено, оскільки у ньому зберігаються "
+"незашифровані паролі."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:429
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/newusers"
+msgstr "/etc/pam.d/newusers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:435 useradd.8.xml.out:222 useradd.8.xml.out:481
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:785 userdel.8.xml.out:215 usermod.8.xml.out:587
+msgid "/etc/subgid"
+msgstr "/etc/subgid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:437 useradd.8.xml.out:787 userdel.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs."
+msgstr "Окремі для користувачів ідентифікатори підлеглих груп."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:441 useradd.8.xml.out:222 useradd.8.xml.out:480
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:791 userdel.8.xml.out:221 usermod.8.xml.out:593
+msgid "/etc/subuid"
+msgstr "/etc/subuid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:443 useradd.8.xml.out:793 userdel.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs."
+msgstr "Окремі для користувачів ідентифікатори підлеглих користувачів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:460 useradd.8.xml.out:906 userdel.8.xml.out:335
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:633
+msgid "subgid"
+msgstr "subgid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:463 useradd.8.xml.out:909 userdel.8.xml.out:338
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:636
+msgid "subuid"
+msgstr "subuid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:458 useradd.8.xml.out:904 userdel.8.xml.out:333
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:631
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>,"
+msgstr "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>,"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:30
+msgid "politely refuse a login"
+msgstr "увічливо відмовити у вході до системи"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:41
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command displays a message that an account is not "
+"available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement shell field "
+"for accounts that have been disabled."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <_:command-1/> виводить повідомлення про те, що обліковий запис є "
+"недоступним, і завершує роботу із ненульовим станом. Команду призначено на "
+"заміну поля командної оболонки для облікових записів, які було вимкнено."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:46
+msgid "To disable all logins, investigate <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Щоб взагалі вимкнути можливість входу, ознайомтеся із документацією до <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:52
+msgid "SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND"
+msgstr "SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:51
+msgid "If <_:command-1/> is populated it will be logged."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо встановлено значення <_:command-1/>, дані буде записано до журналу."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:69
+msgid "HISTORY"
+msgstr "ІСТОРІЯ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:70
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command appeared in BSD 4.4."
+msgstr "Команда <_:command-1/> з'явилася у BSD 4.4."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:48
+msgid "change user password"
+msgstr "зміна пароля користувача"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:65
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes passwords for user accounts. A normal "
+"user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser "
+"may change the password for any account. <_:command-2/> also changes the "
+"account or associated password validity period."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <_:command-1/> змінює паролі до облікових записів користувачів. "
+"Звичайний користувач може змінювати пароль лише для власного облікового "
+"запису, а надкористувач може змінювати пароль для будь-якого облікового "
+"запису. <_:command-2/> також змінює період чинності облікового запису або "
+"пов'язаного з ним пароля."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "Password Changes"
+msgstr "Зміни паролів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"The user is first prompted for their old password, if one is present. This "
+"password is then encrypted and compared against the stored password. The "
+"user has only one chance to enter the correct password. The superuser is "
+"permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten passwords may be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"Спочатку програма попросить користувача ввести старий пароль, якщо такий "
+"існує. Потім цей пароль буде зашифровано і порівняно із збереженим паролем. "
+"Користувачу буде надано лише одну спробу ввести правильний пароль. "
+"Надкористувач може обійти цей крок, тому може змінювати забуті паролі."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:83
+msgid ""
+"After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked "
+"to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time. If not, "
+"<_:command-1/> refuses to change the password and exits."
+msgstr ""
+"Після введення пароля буде перевірено дані щодо віку пароля, щоб визначити, "
+"чи може користувач змінювати пароль на поточний момент часу. Якщо користувач "
+"не може цього робити, <_:command-1/> відмовить у зміні пароля і завершить "
+"роботу."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:90
+msgid ""
+"The user is then prompted twice for a replacement password. The second entry "
+"is compared against the first and both are required to match in order for "
+"the password to be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"Потім програма попросить користувача ввести пароль-замінник двічі. Друге "
+"введене значення буде порівняно із першим — вони мають бути однаковими, щоб "
+"пароль було змінено."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:96
+msgid ""
+"Then, the password is tested for complexity. As a general guideline, "
+"passwords should consist of 6 to 8 characters including one or more "
+"characters from each of the following sets:"
+msgstr ""
+"Далі, пароль буде перевірено на складність. Загальним правилом є те, що "
+"пароль має складатися з від 6 до 8 символів, включаючи один або декілька "
+"символів з кожного з таких наборів:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "lower case alphabetics"
+msgstr "малі літери латинської абетки"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:107
+msgid "digits 0 thru 9"
+msgstr "цифри від 0 до 9"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "punctuation marks"
+msgstr "символи пунктуації"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill "
+"characters. <_:command-1/> will reject any password which is not suitably "
+"complex."
+msgstr ""
+"До пароля не можна включати типові символи вилучення або витирання системи. "
+"<_:command-1/> не прийме пароля, який не є достатньо складним."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "Hints for user passwords"
+msgstr "Підказки для паролів користувача"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:127
+msgid "UNIX"
+msgstr "UNIX"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption "
+"algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy <_:emphasis-1/> System "
+"encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm. More recent methods are "
+"now recommended (see <_:option-2/>). The size of the key space depends upon "
+"the randomness of the password which is selected."
+msgstr ""
+"Захист пароля залежить від складності алгоритму шифрування та розміру "
+"простору ключів. Застарілий спосіб шифрування системи <_:emphasis-1/> "
+"засновано на алгоритмі DES NBS. На сьогодні, рекомендують сучасніші методи "
+"(див. <_:option-2/>). Розмір простору ключів залежить від випадковості "
+"пароля, яку було вибрано."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"Compromises in password security normally result from careless password "
+"selection or handling. For this reason, you should not select a password "
+"which appears in a dictionary or which must be written down. The password "
+"should also not be a proper name, your license number, birth date, or street "
+"address. Any of these may be used as guesses to violate system security."
+msgstr ""
+"Послаблення захисту паролями, зазвичай, є результатом необдуманого вибору "
+"пароля або поводження з ним. З цієї причини, не слід вибирати пароль зі "
+"словника або десь його записувати. Не слід також вибирати для пароля власне "
+"ім'я, номер водійського посвідчення, дату народження або назву вулиці, на "
+"якій ви мешкаєте. Вибір будь-якого з цих варіантів може призвести до "
+"вгадування пароля і компрометації захисту системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:142
+msgid ""
+"You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en."
+"wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"
+msgstr ""
+"Поради щодо вибору надійного пароля можна знайти на сторінці https://uk."
+"wikipedia.org/wiki/Надійність_пароля"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:160
+msgid ""
+"This option can be used only with <_:option-1/> and causes show status for "
+"all users."
+msgstr ""
+"Цим параметром можна скористатися лише у поєднанні із <_:option-1/>. Його "
+"використання призведе до показу стану для усіх користувачів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:171
+msgid ""
+"Delete a user's password (make it empty). This is a quick way to disable a "
+"password for an account. It will set the named account passwordless."
+msgstr ""
+"Вилучити пароль користувача (зробити його порожнім). Це швидкий спосіб "
+"вимкнути пароль для облікового запису. Команда зробити іменований обліковий "
+"запис безпарольним."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:180
+msgid "--expire"
+msgstr "--expire"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"Immediately expire an account's password. This in effect can force a user to "
+"change their password at the user's next login."
+msgstr ""
+"Негайно завершити строк дії пароля облікового запису. Результатом є те, що "
+"система вимагатиме від користувача змінити пароль під час наступного входу "
+"до системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:200
+msgid ""
+"This option is used to disable an account after the password has been "
+"expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired "
+"password for <_:replaceable-1/> days, the user may no longer sign on to the "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"Цей параметр використовують для вимикання облікового запису за вказану "
+"кількість днів після завершення строку дії пароля. Після того, як мине <_:"
+"replaceable-1/> днів з моменту завершення строку дії пароля, користувач не "
+"зможе увійти до облікового запису."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:210 useradd.8.xml.out:278 useradd.8.xml.out:356
+msgid "-k"
+msgstr "-k"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:210
+msgid "--keep-tokens"
+msgstr "--keep-tokens"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:213
+msgid ""
+"Indicate password change should be performed only for expired authentication "
+"tokens (passwords). The user wishes to keep their non-expired tokens as "
+"before."
+msgstr ""
+"Вказати, що зміну пароля має бути виконано лише для жетонів (паролів) "
+"розпізнавання, строк дії яких вичерпано. Користувач бажає зберегти попередню "
+"дію жетонів, строк дії яких не вичерпано."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:222 usermod.8.xml.out:231
+msgid "--lock"
+msgstr "--lock"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:225
+msgid ""
+"Lock the password of the named account. This option disables a password by "
+"changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it adds a "
+"´!´ at the beginning of the password)."
+msgstr ""
+"Заблокувати пароль іменованого облікового запису. За допомогою цього "
+"параметра можна вимкнути пароль, змінивши його на значення, яке не "
+"відповідає зашифрованому значенню (буде додано ´!´ на початку пароля)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:235
+msgid "usermod --expiredate 1"
+msgstr "usermod --expiredate 1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:231
+msgid ""
+"Note that this does not disable the account. The user may still be able to "
+"login using another authentication token (e.g. an SSH key). To disable the "
+"account, administrators should use <_:command-1/> (this set the account's "
+"expire date to Jan 2, 1970)."
+msgstr ""
+"Зауважте, що це не призведе до вимикання облікового запису. Користувач зможе "
+"входити до системи за допомогою іншого жетона розпізнавання (наприклад ключа "
+"SSH). Щоб вимкнути обліковий запис, адміністраторам слід користуватися <_:"
+"command-1/> (ця команда встановить для дати завершення строку дії облікового "
+"запису значення 2 січня 1970 року)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:238
+msgid "Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their password."
+msgstr ""
+"Користувачі із заблокованим паролем не зможуть змінювати власний пароль."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:258 pwck.8.xml.out:179 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "-q"
+msgstr "-q"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:258 pwck.8.xml.out:179 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "--quiet"
+msgstr "--quiet"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:261 vipw.8.xml.out:110
+msgid "Quiet mode."
+msgstr "Режим без повідомлень."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268
+msgid "--repository"
+msgstr "--repository"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268 passwd.1.xml.out:272
+msgid "REPOSITORY"
+msgstr "СХОВИЩЕ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:271
+msgid "change password in <_:replaceable-1/> repository"
+msgstr "змінити пароль у сховищі <_:replaceable-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:291
+msgid "--status"
+msgstr "--status"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:294
+msgid ""
+"Display account status information. The status information consists of 7 "
+"fields. The first field is the user's login name. The second field indicates "
+"if the user account has a locked password (L), has no password (NP), or has "
+"a usable password (P). The third field gives the date of the last password "
+"change. The next four fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning "
+"period, and inactivity period for the password. These ages are expressed in "
+"days."
+msgstr ""
+"Вивести дані щодо стану облікового запису. Дані щодо стану складаються з 7 "
+"полів. Першим полем є назва облікового запису користувача. Друге поле вказує "
+"на те, чи є обліковий запис таким, для якого заблоковано пароль (L), немає "
+"пароля (NP) або має придатний до користування пароль (P). Третє поле задає "
+"дату останньої зміни пароля. Наступними чотирма полями є  мінімальний вік, "
+"максимальний вік, період попередження та період неактивності для пароля. Ці "
+"значення віку виражаються у днях."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:309 usermod.8.xml.out:405
+msgid "--unlock"
+msgstr "--unlock"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:312
+msgid ""
+"Unlock the password of the named account. This option re-enables a password "
+"by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before "
+"using the <_:option-1/> option)."
+msgstr ""
+"Розблокувати пароль для іменованого облікового запису. Цей параметр повторно "
+"вмикає пароль, замінюючи пароль на попереднє його значення (на значення до "
+"використання параметра <_:option-1/>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:325
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The "
+"<_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password "
+"expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"Встановити кількість днів між попередженням про потребу у зміні пароля і "
+"завершенням строку дії пароля. Параметром <_:replaceable-1/> є кількість "
+"днів до завершення строку дії пароля, коли система попереджуватиме "
+"користувача про те, що пароль невдовзі доведеться змінити."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335
+msgid "-x"
+msgstr "-x"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:338
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>, the password is required to be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"Встановити максимальну кількість днів, протягом яких пароль лишатиметься "
+"чинним. Щойно мине <_:replaceable-1/>, система вимагатиме від користувача "
+"змінити пароль."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:355
+msgid ""
+"Password complexity checking may vary from site to site. The user is urged "
+"to select a password as complex as he or she feels comfortable with."
+msgstr ""
+"Перевірка складності пароля може бути різною у різних системах. Система "
+"вимагатиме вибрати пароль, який буде достатньо складним на думку її "
+"розробників."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:360
+msgid ""
+"Users may not be able to change their password on a system if NIS is enabled "
+"and they are not logged into the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+"Можливо, користувачі не зможуть змінити свій пароль у системі, якщо "
+"увімкнено NIS, і користувачі не увійшли до сервера NIS."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:365
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> uses PAM to authenticate users and to change their passwords."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:command-1/> використовує для розпізнавання користувачів і зміни їхніх "
+"паролів PAM."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:411
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/passwd"
+msgstr "/etc/pam.d/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:439
+msgid "invalid combination of options"
+msgstr "некоректне поєднання параметрів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:445
+msgid "unexpected failure, nothing done"
+msgstr "неочікувана помилка, нічого не виконано"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:451
+msgid "unexpected failure, <_:filename-1/> file missing"
+msgstr "неочікувана помилка, не вистачає файла <_:filename-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:457
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> file busy, try again"
+msgstr "файл <_:filename-1/> зайнято, повторіть спробу"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:472
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:phrase-4/> "
+"<_:citerefentry-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:phrase-4/> "
+"<_:citerefentry-5/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "the password file"
+msgstr "файл паролів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:49 shadow.5.xml.out:59
+msgid ":"
+msgstr ":"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:46
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> contains one line for each user account, with seven fields "
+"delimited by colons (<_:quote-2/>). These fields are:"
+msgstr ""
+"<_:filename-1/> містить по одному рядку для кожного з облікових записів "
+"користувача із сімома полями, які відокремлено двокрапками (<_:quote-2/>). "
+"Цими полями є такі:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:54 shadow.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "login name"
+msgstr "ім'я користувача"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:57
+msgid "optional encrypted password"
+msgstr "необов'язковий шифрований пароль"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "numerical user ID"
+msgstr "числовий ідентифікатор користувача"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "numerical group ID"
+msgstr "числовий ідентифікатор групи"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "user name or comment field"
+msgstr "поле імені користувача або коментаря"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:69
+msgid "user home directory"
+msgstr "домашній каталог користувача"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "optional user command interpreter"
+msgstr "необов'язковий інтерпретатор команд користувача"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:78
+msgid "x"
+msgstr "x"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "must"
+msgstr "має"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:emphasis-1/> field is a lower-case <_:quote-2/>, then the "
+"encrypted password is actually stored in the <_:citerefentry-3/> file "
+"instead; there <_:emphasis-4/> be a corresponding line in the <_:filename-5/"
+"> file, or else the user account is invalid."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо у полі <_:emphasis-1/> міститься <_:quote-2/> у нижньому регістрі, "
+"зашифрований пароль насправді зберігається у файлі <_:citerefentry-3/>; <_:"
+"emphasis-4/> бути відповідний рядок у файлі <_:filename-5/>, інакше "
+"обліковий запис користувача буде некоректним."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:90
+msgid "any"
+msgstr "довільний"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:85
+msgid ""
+"The encrypted <_:emphasis-1/> field may be empty, in which case no password "
+"is required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some "
+"applications which read the <_:filename-2/> file may decide not to permit <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> access at all if the <_:emphasis-4/> field is blank."
+msgstr ""
+"Поле, у якому зберігається зашифрований <_:emphasis-1/>, може бути порожнім. "
+"Якщо пароль є порожнім, для розпізнавання за вказаним іменем користувача не "
+"потрібен буде пароль. Втім, деякі програми, які читають дані з файла <_:"
+"filename-2/>, можуть взагалі вирішити не дозволити <_:emphasis-3/> доступ, "
+"якщо поле <_:emphasis-4/> є порожнім."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:94
+msgid ""
+"A <_:emphasis-1/> field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the "
+"password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> field before the password was locked."
+msgstr ""
+"Поле <_:emphasis-1/>, яке починається зі знаку оклику, означає, що пароль "
+"заблоковано. Решта символів у рядку є вмістом поля <_:emphasis-2/> до того, "
+"як пароль було заблоковано."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:107 shadow.5.xml.out:92
+msgid ""
+"If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a "
+"unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо у полі пароля міститься якийсь рядок, який не є коректним результатом "
+"виконання <_:citerefentry-1/>, наприклад, ! або *, користувач не зможе "
+"скористатися паролем unix для входу до облікового запису (але користувач "
+"зможе увійти до системи в інший спосіб)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system "
+"utilities, such as <_:citerefentry-1/>. The use of an ampersand here will be "
+"replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed "
+"by such system utilities."
+msgstr ""
+"Поле коментаря, також відоме як поле gecos, використовують різноманітні "
+"загальносистемні інструменти, зокрема <_:citerefentry-1/>. Амперсанд у цьому "
+"полі буде замінено записаним великим літерами іменем користувача, коли поле "
+"буде використано або показано у таких загальносистемних інструментах."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:123
+msgid ""
+"The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory. "
+"The <_:command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:"
+"envar-2/> environmental variable."
+msgstr ""
+"Поле домашнього каталогу задає назву початкового робочого каталогу. Програма "
+"<_:command-1/> використовує ці дані для встановлення значення змінної "
+"середовища <_:envar-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:134 sg.1.xml.out:61 su.1.xml.out:190
+msgid "/bin/sh"
+msgstr "/bin/sh"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:129
+msgid ""
+"The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command "
+"language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The <_:"
+"command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:envar-2/"
+"> environmental variable. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value "
+"<_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Поле інтерпретатора команд задає назву командного інтерпретатора мови "
+"програмування користувача або назву початкової програми для виконання. "
+"Програма <_:command-1/> використовує ці дані для встановлення значення "
+"змінної середовища <_:envar-2/>. Якщо значення у цьому полі є порожнім, "
+"типовим його значенням буде значення <_:filename-3/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:150
+msgid "optional encrypted password file"
+msgstr "необов'язковий файл шифрованих паролів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:154
+msgid "/etc/passwd-"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:156
+msgid "Backup file for /etc/passwd."
+msgstr "Резервна копію файла /etc/passwd."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:157 shadow.5.xml.out:249
+msgid ""
+"Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by "
+"all user and password management tools."
+msgstr ""
+"Зауважте, що цей файл буде використано інструментами комплексу засобів "
+"shadow, але не усіма засобами керування записами користувачів і паролями."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:173
+msgid "getent"
+msgstr "getent"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:176
+msgid "getpwnam"
+msgstr "getpwnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:168
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-10/>, <_:citerefentry-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-10/>, <_:citerefentry-11/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:33 porttime.5.xml.out:40 porttime.5.xml.out:47
+msgid "porttime"
+msgstr "porttime"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "port access time file"
+msgstr "файл часу доступу до портів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:46
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted "
+"login times."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> містить список пристроїв терміналів, імен користувачів та "
+"даних щодо дозволеного часу входу до системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:51
+msgid ""
+"Each entry consists of three colon separated fields. The first field is a "
+"comma separated list of tty devices, or an asterisk to indicate that all tty "
+"devices are matched by this entry. The second field is a comma separated "
+"list of user names, or an asterisk to indicated that all user names are "
+"matched by this entry. The third field is a comma separated list of "
+"permitted access times."
+msgstr ""
+"Кожен запис складається з трьох відокремлених двокрапками полів. Перше поле "
+"є списком відокремлених комами пристроїв tty або зірочкою на позначення, що "
+"цьому запису відповідають усі пристрої tty. Друге поле є списком "
+"відокремлених комами імен користувачів або зірочкою на позначення, що цьому "
+"запису відповідають усі імена користувачів. Третє поле є списком "
+"відокремлених комами дозволених часів доступу."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:62
+msgid "Su"
+msgstr "Su"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:62
+msgid "Mo"
+msgstr "Mo"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "Tu"
+msgstr "Tu"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "We"
+msgstr "We"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "Th"
+msgstr "Th"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "Fr"
+msgstr "Fr"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:65
+msgid "Sa"
+msgstr "Sa"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "Wk"
+msgstr "Wk"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:67 porttime.5.xml.out:68
+msgid "Al"
+msgstr "Al"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:60
+msgid ""
+"Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, "
+"abbreviated <_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/"
+">, <_:emphasis-5/>, <_:emphasis-6/>, and <_:emphasis-7/>, followed by a pair "
+"of times separated by a hyphen. The abbreviation <_:emphasis-8/> may be used "
+"to represent Monday thru Friday, and <_:emphasis-9/> may be used to indicate "
+"every day. If no days are given, <_:emphasis-10/> is assumed."
+msgstr ""
+"Кожен запис часу доступу складається з нуля або більшої кількості скорочених "
+"записів днів тижня: <_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:"
+"emphasis-4/>, <_:emphasis-5/>, <_:emphasis-6/> і <_:emphasis-7/>, після яких "
+"вказано проміжок часу з двох значень, які відокремлено дефісом. Можна "
+"скористатися скороченням <_:emphasis-8/> для позначення часу від понеділка "
+"до п'ятниці і скороченням <_:emphasis-9/> для позначення будь-якого дня. "
+"Якщо дні не вказано, буде використано <_:emphasis-10/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:74
+msgid "EXAMPLES"
+msgstr "ПРИКЛАДИ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:77
+msgid "jfh"
+msgstr "jfh"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"The following entry allows access to user <_:emphasis-1/> on every port "
+"during weekdays from 9am to 5pm."
+msgstr ""
+"Вказаний нижче запис дозволяє доступ до користувача <_:emphasis-1/> на будь-"
+"якому порту протягом робочого тижня з 9 ранку до 5 вечора."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700"
+msgstr "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "oper"
+msgstr "oper"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:86
+msgid "/dev/console"
+msgstr "/dev/console"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:83
+msgid ""
+"The following entries allow access only to the users <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> on <_:filename-3/> at any time. This illustrates how the <_:"
+"filename-4/> file is an ordered list of access times. Any other user would "
+"match the second entry which does not permit access at any time."
+msgstr ""
+"Вказані нижче записи дозволяють доступ лише до користувачів <_:emphasis-1/> "
+"і <_:emphasis-2/> на <_:filename-3/> будь-коли. Цей приклад ілюструє спосіб, "
+"у який файл <_:filename-4/> є упорядкованим списком часів доступу. Другому "
+"запису відповідає будь-який інший користувач, якому буде заборонено доступ "
+"будь-коли."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:92
+msgid "console:root,oper:Al0000-2400 console:*:"
+msgstr "console:root,oper:Al0000-2400 console:*:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:99
+msgid "games"
+msgstr "games"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:97
+msgid ""
+"The following entry allows access for the user <_:emphasis-1/> on any port "
+"during non-working hours."
+msgstr ""
+"Наведений нижче запис дозволяє доступ для користувача <_:emphasis-1/> до "
+"будь-якого порту у неробочий час."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:102
+msgid "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400"
+msgstr "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:48
+msgid "verify the integrity of password files"
+msgstr "перевірка цілісності файлів паролів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "PASSWORDFILE"
+msgstr "ФАЙЛ_ПАРОЛІВ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:61 pwck.8.xml.out:106
+msgid "SHADOWFILE"
+msgstr "ФАЙЛ_SHADOW"
+
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:75 pwck.8.xml.out:226
+msgid "/etc/tcb"
+msgstr "/etc/tcb"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>, when <_:option-2/> is enabled)"
+msgstr "(або файли у <_:filename-1/>, якщо увімкнено <_:option-2/>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:70
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the users and "
+"authentication information. It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> "
+"and <_:filename-3/> <_:phrase-4/> have the proper format and contain valid "
+"data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted "
+"or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgstr ""
+"Команду <_:command-1/> призначено для перевірки цілісності даних щодо "
+"користувачів і розпізнавання. Вона перевіряє, чи усі записи у <_:filename-2/"
+"> і <_:filename-3/><_:phrase-4/>мають належне форматування і містять чинні "
+"дані. Програма попросить користувача вилучити записи із помилковим "
+"форматуванням або іншими непридатними до виправлення помилками."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:88
+msgid "a unique and valid user name"
+msgstr "унікальне і чинне ім'я користувача"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:91
+msgid "a valid user and group identifier"
+msgstr "чинний ідентифікатор користувача і групи"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "a valid primary group"
+msgstr "чинна основна група"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:97
+msgid "a valid home directory"
+msgstr "чинний домашній каталог"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:100
+msgid "a valid login shell"
+msgstr "чинна оболонка входу"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:104
+msgid ""
+"Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file "
+"parameter <_:replaceable-1/> is specified or when <_:filename-2/> exists on "
+"the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Перевірки для даних прихованих паролів буде увімкнено, якщо вказано другий "
+"параметр файла <_:replaceable-1/> або якщо у системі існує <_:filename-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:109
+msgid "These checks are the following:"
+msgstr "Цими перевірками є такі:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"every passwd entry has a matching shadow entry, and every shadow entry has a "
+"matching passwd entry"
+msgstr ""
+"У кожного запису passwd є відповідний запис shadow, а кожен запис shadow має "
+"відповідний запис passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "passwords are specified in the shadowed file"
+msgstr "Паролі вказано у файлі прихованих паролів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:123
+msgid "shadow entries have the correct number of fields"
+msgstr "Записи shadow мають належну кількість полів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "shadow entries are unique in shadow"
+msgstr "Записи shadow є унікальними у shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "the last password changes are not in the future"
+msgstr "останні зміни паролів не позначено часовими позначками у майбутньому"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal. If "
+"the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to "
+"delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all "
+"further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated user name is "
+"prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All "
+"other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/"
+"> command to correct the error."
+msgstr ""
+"Перевірки належної кількості полів та унікальності імен користувачів є "
+"критичними. Якщо у записі помилкова кількість полів, програма попросить "
+"користувача вилучити увесь рядок. Якщо користувач не підтвердить дію з "
+"вилучення, усі наступні перевірки буде пропущено. Якщо буде виявлено запис "
+"із дублюванням імені користувача, програма попросить вилучити його, але якщо "
+"у цьому буде відмовлено, виконає решту перевірок. Усі інші помилки "
+"вважатимуться незначними — користувачу буде рекомендовано віддати команду <_:"
+"command-1/>, щоб виправити помилку."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:144
+msgid ""
+"The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> file are not able to alter "
+"corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-2/> should be used in those "
+"circumstances to remove the offending entry."
+msgstr ""
+"Команди, які мають справу з файлом <_:filename-1 />, не зможуть змінити "
+"пошкоджені або дубльовані записи. У цих випадках слід скористатися <_:"
+"command-2/> для вилучення помилкового запису."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:181
+msgid ""
+"Report errors only. The warnings which do not require any action from the "
+"user won't be displayed."
+msgstr ""
+"Повідомляти лише про помилки. Попередження, які не потребують взаємодії із "
+"користувачем, виведено не буде."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:190
+msgid "Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode."
+msgstr "Виконати команду <_:command-1/> у режимі лише читання."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> by UID."
+msgstr "Упорядкувати записи у <_:filename-1/> і <_:filename-2/> за UID."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:215
+msgid "This option has no effect when <_:option-1/> is enabled."
+msgstr "Цей параметр не спрацює, якщо увімкнено <_:option-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:225
+msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>)"
+msgstr "(або файли у <_:filename-1/>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:222
+msgid ""
+"By default, <_:command-1/> operates on the files <_:filename-2/> and <_:"
+"filename-3/><_:phrase-4/>. The user may select alternate files with the <_:"
+"replaceable-5/> and <_:replaceable-6/> parameters."
+msgstr ""
+"Типово, <_:command-1/> працює з файлами <_:filename-2/> і <_:filename-3/><_:"
+"phrase-4/>. Користувач може вибрати альтернативні файли за допомогою "
+"параметрів <_:replaceable-5/> і <_:replaceable-6/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:231
+msgid ""
+"Note that when <_:option-1/> is enabled, you cannot specify an alternative "
+"<_:replaceable-2/> file. In future releases, this parameter could be "
+"replaced by an alternate TCB directory."
+msgstr ""
+"Зауважте, що якщо увімкнено <_:option-1/>, ви не зможете вказати "
+"альтернативний файл <_:replaceable-2/>. У майбутніх випусках цей параметр "
+"може бути замінено на альтернативний каталог TCB."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:301
+msgid "one or more bad password entries"
+msgstr "одна або декілька невдалих спроб ввести пароль"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:307
+msgid "can't open password files"
+msgstr "не вдалося відкрити файли паролів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:313
+msgid "can't lock password files"
+msgstr "не вдалося заблокувати файли паролів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:319
+msgid "can't update password files"
+msgstr "не вдалося оновити файли паролів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:325
+msgid "can't sort password files"
+msgstr "не вдалося упорядкувати файли паролів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:50
+msgid "convert to and from shadow passwords and groups"
+msgstr "перетворення на приховані паролі і групи, і навпаки"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:82 pwconv.8.xml.out:112
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:emphasis-2/> from <_:emphasis-3/> and "
+"an optionally existing <_:emphasis-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <_:command-1/> створює <_:emphasis-2/> на основі <_:emphasis-3/> і, "
+"необов'язково, наявного <_:emphasis-4/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:93 pwconv.8.xml.out:251
+msgid "tcb_convert"
+msgstr "tcb_convert"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:87
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. To convert to tcb "
+"passwords, you should first use <_:command-3/> to convert to shadowed "
+"passwords by disabling <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> and then convert to "
+"tcb password using <_:command-6/> (and re-enable <_:option-7/> in <_:"
+"filename-8/>.)"
+msgstr ""
+"<_:command-1/> не працюватиме, якщо увімкнено <_:option-2/>. Щоб перетворити "
+"дані до паролів tcb, вам слід спочатку скористатися <_:command-3/> для "
+"перетворення даних до прихованих паролів вимиканням <_:option-4/> у <_:"
+"filename-5/>, а потім перетворити дані до паролів tcb за допомогою <_:"
+"command-6/> (і повторно увімкнути <_:option-7/> у <_:filename-8/>.)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:97 pwconv.8.xml.out:118
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:emphasis-2/> from <_:emphasis-3/> and "
+"<_:emphasis-4/> and then removes <_:emphasis-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <_:command-1/> створює <_:emphasis-2/> на основі <_:emphasis-3/> і "
+"<_:emphasis-4/>, а потім вилучає <_:emphasis-5/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:106 pwconv.8.xml.out:254
+msgid "tcb_unconvert"
+msgstr "tcb_unconvert"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:103
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. You should first "
+"switch back from tcb to shadowed passwords using <_:command-3/>, and then "
+"disable <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> before using <_:command-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:command-1/> не працюватиме, якщо увімкнено <_:option-2/>. Вам слід "
+"спочатку перемкнутися назад з паролів tcb на паролі shadow за допомогою <_:"
+"command-3/>, а потім вимкнути <_:option-4/> у <_:filename-5/>, перш ніж "
+"скористатися <_:command-6/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:125
+msgid ""
+"These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group "
+"files: <_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>, <_:filename-3/>, and <_:filename-4/"
+">."
+msgstr ""
+"Ці чотири програми працюють зі звичайними паролями та паролями shadow та "
+"файлами груп: <_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>, <_:filename-3/> і <_:"
+"filename-4/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. <_:command-1/> "
+"and <_:command-2/> are similar. First, entries in the shadowed file which "
+"don't exist in the main file are removed. Then, shadowed entries which don't "
+"have `x' as the password in the main file are updated. Any missing shadowed "
+"entries are added. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with "
+"`x'. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the "
+"shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand."
+msgstr ""
+"Кожна програма виконує належні блокування перед перетворенням. Команди <_:"
+"command-1/> і <_:command-2/> є еквівалентними. Спочатку, буде вилучено "
+"записи у файлі shadow, яких немає в основному файлі. Потім буде оновлено "
+"записи shadow, у яких не вказано «x», як пароль, в основному файлі. Буде "
+"додано усі пропущені записи shadow. Нарешті, паролі в основному файлі буде "
+"замінено на «x». Цими програмами можна скористатися для початкового "
+"перетворення, а також для оновлення файла shadow, якщо до основного файла "
+"було внесено зміни вручну."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:143
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will use the values of <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and "
+"<_:emphasis-4/> from <_:filename-5/> when adding new entries to <_:"
+"filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:command-1/> використає значення <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/> і <_:"
+"emphasis-4/> з <_:filename-5/> при додаванні нових записів до <_:filename-6/"
+">."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:152
+msgid ""
+"Likewise <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> are similar. Passwords in the "
+"main file are updated from the shadowed file. Entries which exist in the "
+"main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone. Finally, the shadowed "
+"file is removed. Some password aging information is lost by <_:command-3/>. "
+"It will convert what it can."
+msgstr ""
+"Так само, є подібними команди <_:command-1/> і <_:command-2/>. Паролі в "
+"основному файлі буде оновлено з файла shadow. Записи, які існують у "
+"основному файлі, але яких немає у файлі shadow, буде залишено. Нарешті, файл "
+"shadow буде вилучено. Робота <_:command-3/> призведе до втрати деяких даних "
+"щодо застарівання паролів. Програма виконає перетворення лише тих даних, які "
+"можна перетворити."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:164
+msgid ""
+"The options which apply to the <_:command-1/>, <_:command-2/>, <_:command-3/"
+">, and <_:command-4/> commands are:"
+msgstr ""
+"Параметри, які застосовують до команди <_:command-1/>, <_:command-2/>, <_:"
+"command-3/> та <_:command-4/>, є такими:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:194
+msgid ""
+"Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) "
+"may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways. "
+"Please run <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> to correct any such errors "
+"before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups."
+msgstr ""
+"Помилки у файлах паролів або груп (зокрема некоректні або дубльовані записи) "
+"можуть спричинити зависання або помилки у роботі цих програм. Будь ласка, "
+"запустіть <_:command-1/> і <_:command-2/> для виправлення таких помилок до "
+"перетворення паролів або груп shadow."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:205
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variable in <_:filename-1/> changes the behavior "
+"of <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/>:"
+msgstr ""
+"Вказана нижче змінна налаштувань у <_:filename-1/> змінює поведінку <_:"
+"command-2/> і <_:command-3/>:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:213
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior "
+"of <_:command-2/>:"
+msgstr ""
+"Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у <_:filename-1/> змінюють поведінку <_:"
+"command-2/>:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:249
+msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>"
+msgstr ", <_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:240
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/><_:phrase-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/><_:phrase-4/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:35
+msgid "Library Calls"
+msgstr "Виклики бібліотеки"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:41 shadow.3.xml.out:160
+msgid "getspnam"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:42
+msgid "encrypted password file routines"
+msgstr "підпрограми для файла зашифрованих паролів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:46
+msgid "SYNTAX"
+msgstr "СИНТАКСИС"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:48
+msgid "#include &lt;shadow.h&gt;"
+msgstr "#include &lt;shadow.h&gt;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:52
+msgid "struct spwd *getspent();"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:56
+msgid "struct spwd *getspnam(char"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspnam(char"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:57
+msgid "*name"
+msgstr "*name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:57 shadow.3.xml.out:70 shadow.3.xml.out:75
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:81
+msgid ");"
+msgstr ");"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:61
+msgid "void setspent();"
+msgstr "void setspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:65
+msgid "void endspent();"
+msgstr "void endspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:69
+msgid "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE"
+msgstr "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:70 shadow.3.xml.out:81
+msgid "*fp"
+msgstr "*fp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:74
+msgid "struct spwd *sgetspent(char"
+msgstr "struct spwd *sgetspent(char"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:75
+msgid "*cp"
+msgstr "*cp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:79
+msgid "int putspent(struct spwd"
+msgstr "int putspent(struct spwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:80
+msgid "*p,"
+msgstr "*p,"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:80
+msgid "FILE"
+msgstr "ФАЙЛ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:85
+msgid "int lckpwdf();"
+msgstr "int lckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:89
+msgid "int ulckpwdf();"
+msgstr "int ulckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:98
+msgid "#include"
+msgstr "#include"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:95
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> manipulates the contents of the shadow password file, <_:"
+"filename-2/>. The structure in the <_:emphasis-3/> file is:"
+msgstr ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> керує вмістом файла прихованих паролів, <_:filename-2/>. "
+"Структура файла <_:emphasis-3/>:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"struct spwd { char *sp_namp; /* user login name */ char *sp_pwdp; /* "
+"encrypted password */ long int sp_lstchg; /* last password change */ long "
+"int sp_min; /* days until change allowed. */ long int sp_max; /* days before "
+"change required */ long int sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */ long "
+"int sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */ long int sp_expire; /* date "
+"when account expires */ unsigned long int sp_flag; /* reserved for future "
+"use */ }"
+msgstr ""
+"struct spwd { char *sp_namp; /* ім'я користувача для входу */ char "
+"*sp_pwdp; /* зашифрований пароль */ long int sp_lstchg; /* остання зміна "
+"пароля */ long int sp_min; /* дні, протягом яких можлива зміна пароля. */ "
+"long int sp_max; /* дні до вимоги зміни пароля */ long int sp_warn; /* дні "
+"для попередження щодо завершення строку дії */ long int sp_inact; /* дні до "
+"неактивності облікового запису */ long int sp_expire; /* дата, коли "
+"завершиться строк дії облікового запису */ unsigned long int sp_flag; /* "
+"зарезервовано для використання у майбутньому */ }"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:112
+msgid "The meanings of each field are:"
+msgstr "Призначення кожного з полів:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:115
+msgid "sp_namp - pointer to null-terminated user name"
+msgstr "sp_namp - вказівник на ім'я користувача із кінцевим нуль-символом"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:118
+msgid "sp_pwdp - pointer to null-terminated password"
+msgstr "sp_pwdp - вказівник на пароль із кінцевим нуль-символом"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:121
+msgid "sp_lstchg - days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_lstchg - час у днях з 1 січня 1970 року, коли пароль було востаннє змінено"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:124
+msgid "sp_min - days before which password may not be changed"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_min - кількість днів з останньої зміни, коли пароль не може бути змінено"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:127
+msgid "sp_max - days after which password must be changed"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_max - кількість днів з останньої зміни, після яких пароль має бути змінено"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:130
+msgid ""
+"sp_warn - days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending "
+"password expiration"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_warn - дні від моменту, коли строк дії пароля буде вичерпано, коли "
+"користувач отримуватиме попередження щодо майбутнього завершення строку дії "
+"пароля"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"sp_inact - days after password expires that account is considered inactive "
+"and disabled"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_inact - кількість днів між завершенням строку дії і вимиканням облікового "
+"запису"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:140
+msgid "sp_expire - days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled"
+msgstr ""
+"sp_expire - кількість днів з 1 січня 1970 року, яка визначає момент "
+"вимикання облікового запису"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:143
+msgid "sp_flag - reserved for future use"
+msgstr "sp_flag - зарезервовано для використання у майбутньому"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:152 shadow.3.xml.out:155
+msgid "getspent"
+msgstr "getspent"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:152
+msgid "getspname"
+msgstr "getspname"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:153 shadow.3.xml.out:156
+msgid "fgetspent"
+msgstr "fgetspent"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:153 shadow.3.xml.out:158
+msgid "sgetspent"
+msgstr "sgetspent"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:154 shadow.3.xml.out:158
+msgid "struct spwd"
+msgstr "struct spwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:161
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:151
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and <_:emphasis-4/> each "
+"return a pointer to a <_:emphasis-5/>. <_:emphasis-6/> returns the next "
+"entry from the file, and <_:emphasis-7/> returns the next entry from the "
+"given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format. <_:"
+"emphasis-8/> returns a pointer to a <_:emphasis-9/> using the provided "
+"string as input. <_:emphasis-10/> searches from the current position in the "
+"file for an entry matching <_:emphasis-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/> і <_:emphasis-4/> усі "
+"повертають вказівник на <_:emphasis-5/>. <_:emphasis-6/> повертає наступний "
+"запис з файла, а <_:emphasis-7/> повертає наступний запис з заданого потоку "
+"даних, яким має бути файл у належному форматі. <_:emphasis-8/> повертає "
+"вказівник на <_:emphasis-9/>, використовуючи вхідні дані з наданого рядок. "
+"<_:emphasis-10/> шукає з поточної позиції у файлів запис, що відповідає "
+"рядку <_:emphasis-11/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:165
+msgid "setspent"
+msgstr "setspent"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:165
+msgid "endspent"
+msgstr "endspent"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:164
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> may be used to begin and end, "
+"respectively, access to the shadow password file."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> і <_:emphasis-2/> можна скористатися для того, щоб відкрити "
+"або закрити, відповідно, доступ до файла прихованих паролів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:171 shadow.3.xml.out:173 shadow.3.xml.out:178
+msgid "lckpwdf"
+msgstr "lckpwdf"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:171
+msgid "ulckpwdf"
+msgstr "ulckpwdf"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:174
+msgid "pw_lock"
+msgstr "pw_lock"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:176
+msgid "spw_lock"
+msgstr "spw_lock"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:170
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> routines should be used to insure "
+"exclusive access to the <_:filename-3/> file. <_:emphasis-4/> attempts to "
+"acquire a lock using <_:emphasis-5/> for up to 15 seconds. It continues by "
+"attempting to acquire a second lock using <_:emphasis-6/> for the remainder "
+"of the initial 15 seconds. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 "
+"seconds, <_:emphasis-7/> returns -1. When both locks are acquired 0 is "
+"returned."
+msgstr ""
+"Підпрограмами <_:emphasis-1/> і <_:emphasis-2/> слід користуватися для "
+"забезпечення виключного доступу до файла <_:filename-3/>. <_:emphasis-4/> "
+"намагається отримати блокування за допомогою <_:emphasis-5/> протягом "
+"періоду до 15 секунд. Підпрограма продовжує спроби отримати друге блокування "
+"<_:emphasis-6/> за решту початкових 15 секунд. Якщо протягом загального "
+"періоду у 15 секунд спроби завершаться невдачею, <_:emphasis-7/> повертає "
+"-1. Якщо вдасться отримати обидва блокування, буде повернуто 0."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:184 suauth.5.xml.out:189
+msgid "DIAGNOSTICS"
+msgstr "ДІАГНОСТИКА"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:187
+msgid "int"
+msgstr "int"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:185
+msgid ""
+"Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs "
+"during processing. Routines which have <_:emphasis-1/> as the return value "
+"return 0 for success and -1 for failure."
+msgstr ""
+"Підпрограми повертають NULL, якщо не залишилося доступних записів або якщо "
+"станеться помилка під час обробки даних. Підпрограми, які повертають "
+"значення типу <_:emphasis-1/>, повертають 0, якщо підпрограму виконано "
+"успішно, і -1, якщо виконання підпрограми завершилося помилкою."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"These routines may only be used by the superuser as access to the shadow "
+"password file is restricted."
+msgstr ""
+"Цими підпрограмами може користуватися лише надкористувач, оскільки доступ до "
+"файла прихованих паролів обмежено."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:217
+msgid "getpwent"
+msgstr "getpwent"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "shadowed password file"
+msgstr "файли прихованих паролів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:46
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> is a file which contains the password information for the "
+"system's accounts and optional aging information."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:filename-1/> є файлом, який містить дані паролів для облікових записів "
+"системи і необов'язкові дані щодо застарівання."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (<_:quote-1/"
+">), in the following order:"
+msgstr ""
+"У кожному рядку файла міститься 9 полів, дані яких відокремлено двокрапками "
+"(<_:quote-1/>), у такому порядку:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "It must be a valid account name, which exist on the system."
+msgstr "Це має бути коректна назва облікового запису, яка існує у системі."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:74
+msgid ""
+"This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to "
+"authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications which "
+"read the <_:filename-1/> file may decide not to permit any access at all if "
+"the password field is empty."
+msgstr ""
+"Це поле може бути порожнім. Якщо поле порожнє, для розпізнавання за вказаним "
+"іменем користувача не потрібен буде пароль. Втім, деякі програми, які "
+"читають дані з файла <_:filename-1/>, можуть взагалі вирішити не дозволити "
+"будь-який доступ, якщо поле пароля є порожнім."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:103
+msgid "date of last password change"
+msgstr "дата останньої зміни пароля"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:106
+msgid ""
+"The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since "
+"Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC."
+msgstr ""
+"Дата останньої зміни пароля, яку вказано у кількості днів з моменту 1 січня "
+"1970 року 00:00 UTC."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:110
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her "
+"password the next time she will log in the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Значення 0 має особливе призначення — користувач має змінити пароль під час "
+"наступної спроби увійти до системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:115
+msgid "An empty field means that password aging features are disabled."
+msgstr "Якщо поле є порожнім, можливості застарівання паролів буде вимкнено."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:122
+msgid "minimum password age"
+msgstr "мінімальний вік пароля"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"The minimum password age is the number of days the user will have to wait "
+"before she will be allowed to change her password again."
+msgstr ""
+"Мінімальний вік пароля є кількістю днів з моменту останньої зміни пароля, "
+"протягом яких користувачеві буде заборонено змінювати пароль."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:129
+msgid "An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age."
+msgstr ""
+"Порожнє значення або значення 0 означають, що мінімальний вік пароля не "
+"використовуватиметься."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:136
+msgid "maximum password age"
+msgstr "максимальний вік пароля"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"The maximum password age is the number of days after which the user will "
+"have to change her password."
+msgstr ""
+"Максимальний вік пароля є кількістю днів з моменту останньої зміни пароля, "
+"по завершенню яких користувачеві доведеться змінити пароль."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:142
+msgid ""
+"After this number of days is elapsed, the password may still be valid. The "
+"user should be asked to change her password the next time she will log in."
+msgstr ""
+"Після завершення строку дії пароль може лишатися чинним. Система попросить "
+"користувача змінити пароль під час наступного після завершення строку дії "
+"входу до системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:147
+msgid ""
+"An empty field means that there are no maximum password age, no password "
+"warning period, and no password inactivity period (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Порожнє значення поля означатиме, що максимальний вік пароля не "
+"визначатиметься, не буде попередження щодо завершення строку дії і не буде "
+"періоду вимикання пароля (див. нижче)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:152
+msgid ""
+"If the maximum password age is lower than the minimum password age, the user "
+"cannot change her password."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо максимальний вік пароля є меншим за мінімальний вік пароля, користувач "
+"не зможе змінити пароль."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:160
+msgid "password warning period"
+msgstr "період попередження щодо пароля"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:163
+msgid ""
+"The number of days before a password is going to expire (see the maximum "
+"password age above) during which the user should be warned."
+msgstr ""
+"Кількість днів до моменту завершення строку дії пароля (див. максимальний "
+"вік пароля вище), коли користувача має бути попереджено про завершення "
+"строку дії пароля."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:168
+msgid ""
+"An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no password warning period."
+msgstr ""
+"Порожнє значення або значення 0 означають, що не буде періоду попередження "
+"щодо завершення строку дії пароля."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:176
+msgid "password inactivity period"
+msgstr "період неактивності пароля"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:179
+msgid ""
+"The number of days after a password has expired (see the maximum password "
+"age above) during which the password should still be accepted (and the user "
+"should update her password during the next login)."
+msgstr ""
+"Кількість днів з моменту завершення строку дії пароля (див. максимальний вік "
+"пароля вище), протягом яких пароль лишатиметься прийнятним (і користувач "
+"зможе оновити пароль під час наступного входу до системи)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:185
+msgid ""
+"After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no "
+"login is possible for the user. The user should contact her administrator."
+msgstr ""
+"Після завершення строку дії пароля і цього періоду лояльності користувач не "
+"зможе увійти до системи. Для входу до системи користувачеві доведеться "
+"звернутися до адміністратора."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:190
+msgid ""
+"An empty field means that there are no enforcement of an inactivity period."
+msgstr ""
+"Порожнє значення поля означає, що не буде примусового періоду неактивності."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:198
+msgid "account expiration date"
+msgstr "дата прострочення облікового запису"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:201
+msgid ""
+"The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since "
+"Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC."
+msgstr ""
+"Дата завершення строку дії облікового запису, яку вказано у кількості днів з "
+"моменту 1 січня 1970 року 00:00 UTC."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:205
+msgid ""
+"Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration. In case "
+"of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login. In case of "
+"a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password."
+msgstr ""
+"Зауважте, що строк дії облікового запису не обов'язково збігається із "
+"строком дії пароля. Якщо завершиться строк дії облікового запису, користувач "
+"не зможе увійти до системи. Якщо ж завершиться строк дії пароля, користувач "
+"не зможе увійти до системи, використовуючи цей пароль."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:211
+msgid "An empty field means that the account will never expire."
+msgstr ""
+"Порожнє значення означатиме, що строк дії облікового запису ніколи не "
+"завершиться."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:214
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 should not be used as it is interpreted as either an account "
+"with no expiration, or as an expiration on Jan 1, 1970."
+msgstr ""
+"Не слід використовувати значення 0, оскільки його можна вважати вказівкою на "
+"те, що або у облікового запису немає завершення строку дії, або як те, що "
+"строк дії облікового запису завершився 1 січня 1970 року."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:222
+msgid "reserved field"
+msgstr "зарезервоване поле"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:224
+msgid "This field is reserved for future use."
+msgstr "Це поле зарезервовано для використання у майбутньому."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:246
+msgid "/etc/shadow-"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:248
+msgid "Backup file for /etc/shadow."
+msgstr "Файл резервної копії для /etc/shadow."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: sg.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "execute command as different group ID"
+msgstr "виконання команди від імені іншого ідентифікатора групи"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: sg.1.xml.out:49
+msgid "group <_:arg-1/> command"
+msgstr "група <_:arg-1/> команда"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: sg.1.xml.out:58
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command works similar to <_:command-2/> but accepts a "
+"command. The command will be executed with the <_:filename-3/> shell. With "
+"most shells you may run <_:command-4/> from, you need to enclose multi-word "
+"commands in quotes. Another difference between <_:command-5/> and <_:"
+"command-6/> is that some shells treat <_:command-7/> specially, replacing "
+"themselves with a new instance of a shell that <_:command-8/> creates. This "
+"doesn't happen with <_:command-9/>, so upon exit from a <_:command-10/> "
+"command you are returned to your previous group ID."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <_:command-1/> працює подібно до команди <_:command-2/>, але приймає "
+"команду. Цю команду буде виконано за допомогою оболонки <_:filename-3/>. У "
+"більшості оболонок, з яких ви можете запустити <_:command-4/>, вам "
+"доведеться брати багатослівні команди у лапки. Іншою відмінністю між <_:"
+"command-5/> і <_:command-6/> є те, що деякі оболонки обробляють <_:command-7/"
+"> по-особливому, замінюючи себе новим екземпляром оболонки, який створює <_:"
+"command-8/>. Такого не трапляється з <_:command-9/>. Отже, після виходу з "
+"команди <_:command-10/> ви повернетеся до вашого попереднього ідентифікатора "
+"групи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: su.1.xml.out:58
+msgid "change user ID or become superuser"
+msgstr "зміна ідентифікатора користувача або набуття прав надкористувача"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:72
+msgid "args"
+msgstr "аргументи"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:80
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to become another user during a login "
+"session. Invoked without a <_:option-2/>, <_:command-3/> defaults to "
+"becoming the superuser. The <_:option-4/> option may be used to provide an "
+"environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in "
+"directly. The <_:option-5/> option may be used to treat the next argument as "
+"a command by most shells."
+msgstr ""
+"Команду <_:command-1/> використовують для набуття прав іншого користувача "
+"під час робочого сеансу у системі. Якщо команду викликано без <_:option-2/>, "
+"<_:command-3/>, типово, надає доступ до облікового запису надкористувача. "
+"Параметром <_:option-4/> можна скористатися для забезпечення середовища, "
+"подібного до того, яке б мав отримати користувач, який увійшов до системи "
+"безпосередньо. Параметром <_:option-5/> можна скористатися для того, щоб "
+"більшість командних оболонок вважали наступний аргумент командою."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:92 su.1.xml.out:94
+msgid "--"
+msgstr "--"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:90
+msgid ""
+"Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list. You can use the <_:"
+"option-1/> argument to stop option parsing. The <_:option-2/> option is "
+"special: it is also recognized after <_:option-3/>, but has to be placed "
+"before <_:option-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Параметри буде розпізнано усюди у списку аргументів. Ви можете скористатися "
+"аргументом <_:option-1/>, щоб припинити обробку аргументів. Параметр <_:"
+"option-2/> є особливим: програма розпізнає його також після <_:option-3/>, "
+"але його слід розташувати перед <_:option-4/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:98
+msgid ""
+"The user will be prompted for a password, if appropriate. Invalid passwords "
+"will produce an error message. All attempts, both valid and invalid, are "
+"logged to detect abuse of the system."
+msgstr ""
+"Програма попросить користувача ввести пароль, якщо у цьому є потреба. "
+"Введення некоректного пароля призведе до виведення повідомлення про помилку. "
+"Усі спроби, коректні і некоректні, буде записано до журналу для виявлення "
+"спроб зловмисників проникнути у систему."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: su.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "/bin:/usr/bin"
+msgstr "/bin:/usr/bin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: su.1.xml.out:106
+msgid "/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
+msgstr "/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:108 su.1.xml.out:220
+msgid "ENV_PATH"
+msgstr "ENV_PATH"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:108 su.1.xml.out:221
+msgid "ENV_SUPATH"
+msgstr "ENV_SUPATH"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:103
+msgid ""
+"The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of <_:envar-1/"
+"> is reset to <_:filename-2/> for normal users, or <_:filename-3/> for the "
+"superuser. This may be changed with the <_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/> "
+"definitions in <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Поточне середовище буде передано новій оболонці. Значення <_:envar-1/> буде "
+"скинуто до <_:filename-2/> для звичайних користувачів або <_:filename-3/> "
+"для надкористувача. Це значення можна змінити за допомогою визначень <_:"
+"option-4/> і <_:option-5/> у <_:filename-6/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+msgid "--command"
+msgstr "--command"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+msgid "COMMAND"
+msgstr "КОМАНДА"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:129
+msgid ""
+"Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its <_:option-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Вказати команду, яку буде викликано командною оболонкою за допомогою її <_:"
+"option-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"The executed command will have no controlling terminal. This option cannot "
+"be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY."
+msgstr ""
+"У виконаної команди не буде керівного термінала. Цей параметр не можна "
+"використовувати для виконання інтерактивних програм, яким потрібне для "
+"керування термінал."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:156 su.1.xml.out:256 su.1.xml.out:263
+#: su.1.xml.out:273 su.1.xml.out:286 usermod.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "--login"
+msgstr "--login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: su.1.xml.out:143 su.1.xml.out:206
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>"
+msgstr "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:147
+msgid ""
+"Provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user "
+"logged in directly."
+msgstr ""
+"Надає середовище, яке є подібним до середовища, яке мав би отримати "
+"користувач після безпосереднього входу до системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:151
+msgid ""
+"When <_:option-1/> is used, it must be specified before any <_:option-2/>. "
+"For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any <_:"
+"option-3/>. The other forms (<_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/>) do not have "
+"this restriction."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо використано параметр <_:option-1/>, його має бути вказано перед будь-"
+"яким <_:option-2/>. З міркувань сумісності рекомендуємо використовувати його "
+"як останній параметр, до <_:option-3/>. Для інших форм (<_:option-4/> і <_:"
+"option-5/>) цього обмеження не передбачено."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:166
+msgid "The shell that will be invoked."
+msgstr "Оболонка, яку буде викликано."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:174
+msgid "The shell specified with --shell."
+msgstr "Командна оболонка, яку вказано за допомогою --shell."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:178 su.1.xml.out:208
+msgid "--preserve-environment"
+msgstr "--preserve-environment"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:177
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the shell specified by the <_:envar-2/> "
+"environment variable."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо використано параметр <_:option-1/>, оболонка, яку вказано за допомогою "
+"змінної середовища <_:envar-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:184
+msgid "The shell indicated in the <_:filename-1/> entry for the target user."
+msgstr ""
+"Оболонки, на яку вказує запис <_:filename-1/> для вибраного користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:190
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> if a shell could not be found by any above method."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:filename-1/>, якщо оболонку не вдасться знайти у жоден із вказаних вище "
+"способів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:167
+msgid ""
+"The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): <_:variablelist-1/"
+">"
+msgstr ""
+"Викликану оболонку буде вибрано з таких варіантів (варіанти із вищим "
+"пріоритетом наведено першими): <_:variablelist-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of this "
+"user's entry in <_:filename-1/> is not listed in <_:filename-2/>), then the "
+"<_:option-3/> option or the <_:envar-4/> environment variable won't be taken "
+"into account, unless <_:command-5/> is called by root."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо командну оболонку вказаного користувача обмежено (тобто вмісту поля "
+"оболонки запису цього користувача у <_:filename-1/> немає у списку <_:"
+"filename-2/>), параметр <_:option-3/> та змінну середовища <_:envar-4/> не "
+"буде взято до уваги, якщо <_:command-5/> не викликано від імені користувача "
+"root."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:217
+msgid ""
+"reset according to the <_:filename-1/> options <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/"
+"> (see below);"
+msgstr ""
+"відновлено початкове значення за параметром <_:filename-1/> <_:option-2/> "
+"або <_:option-3/> (див. нижче);"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/envar
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:226 su.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "$IFS"
+msgstr "$IFS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: su.1.xml.out:230
+msgid "&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;"
+msgstr "&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:228
+msgid "reset to <_:quote-1/>, if it was set."
+msgstr ""
+"відновлено до значення <_:quote-1/>, якщо було встановлено інше значення."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:211
+msgid "Preserve the current environment, except for: <_:variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr "Зберегти поточне середовище, окрім <_:variablelist-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:237
+msgid ""
+"If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless "
+"<_:command-1/> is called by root)."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо у користувача призначення командну оболонку обмежено, цей параметр ні "
+"на що не вплине (якщо <_:command-1/> не викликано від імені користувача "
+"root)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:248
+msgid "$USER"
+msgstr "$USER"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:246
+msgid ""
+"The <_:envar-1/>, <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, <_:envar-5/>, "
+"and <_:envar-6/> environment variables are reset."
+msgstr ""
+"Буде відновлено початкові значення змінних середовища <_:envar-1/>, <_:"
+"envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, <_:envar-5/> і <_:envar-6/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:255
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is not used, the environment is copied, except for the "
+"variables above."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо не використано <_:option-1/>, середовище буде скопійовано, окрім "
+"вказаних вище змінних."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:264
+msgid "$COLORTERM"
+msgstr "$COLORTERM"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:265
+msgid "$DISPLAY"
+msgstr "$DISPLAY"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:266
+msgid "$XAUTHORITY"
+msgstr "$XAUTHORITY"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:262
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, and "
+"<_:envar-5/> environment variables are copied if they were set."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо використано <_:option-1/>, змінні середовища <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/"
+">, <_:envar-4/> і <_:envar-5/> буде скопійовано, якщо було встановлено їхні "
+"значення."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:274
+msgid "$TZ"
+msgstr "$TZ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:274
+msgid "$HZ"
+msgstr "$HZ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:279
+msgid "ENV_HZ"
+msgstr "ENV_HZ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:279 userdel.8.xml.out:116
+msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgstr "MAIL_DIR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:280
+msgid "MAIL_FILE"
+msgstr "MAIL_FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:272
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, and <_:envar-4/> "
+"environment variables are set according to the <_:filename-5/> options <_:"
+"option-6/>, <_:option-7/>, <_:option-8/>, and <_:option-9/> (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо використано <_:option-1/>, значення змінних середовища <_:envar-2/>, <_:"
+"envar-3/> і <_:envar-4/> буде встановлено за параметрами <_:filename-5/> <_:"
+"option-6/>, <_:option-7/>, <_:option-8/> і <_:option-9/> (див. нижче)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:288
+msgid "ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr "ENVIRON_FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:285
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, other environment variables might be set by the <_:"
+"option-2/> file (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо використано <_:option-1/>, значення для інших змінних середовища можна "
+"встановити за допомогою файла <_:option-2/> (див. нижче)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:293
+msgid "Other environments might be set by PAM modules."
+msgstr "Інші середовища може бути встановлено модулями PAM."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:241
+msgid ""
+"Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: <_:"
+"variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Зауважте, що типовою поведінкою для середовища є така: <_:variablelist-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:367
+msgid ""
+"On success, <_:command-1/> returns the exit value of the command it executed."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо виконано успішно, <_:command-1/> повертає значення виходу виконаної "
+"команди."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:371
+msgid ""
+"If this command was terminated by a signal, <_:command-1/> returns the "
+"number of this signal plus 128."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо цю команду перервано сигналом, <_:command-1/> повертає номер цього "
+"сигналу плюс 128."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:375
+msgid ""
+"If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the "
+"command did not terminate in time), <_:command-1/> returns 255."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо su довелося перервати виконання команди (оскільки було надіслано "
+"команду щодо переривання роботи, але команда не перервала роботу вчасно), <_:"
+"command-1/> поверне 255."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:387
+msgid "success (<_:option-1/> only)"
+msgstr "успіх (лише <_:option-1/>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:393
+msgid "System or authentication failure"
+msgstr "Помилка системи або розпізнавання"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:397
+msgid "126"
+msgstr "126"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:399
+msgid "The requested command was not found"
+msgstr "Потрібну команду не знайдено"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:403
+msgid "127"
+msgstr "127"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:405
+msgid "The requested command could not be executed"
+msgstr "Потрібну команду не вдалося виконати"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:380
+msgid ""
+"Some exit values from <_:command-1/> are independent from the executed "
+"command: <_:variablelist-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Деякі значення виходу з <_:command-1/> є незалежними від виконаної команди: "
+"<_:variablelist-2/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:414
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:33 suauth.5.xml.out:40
+msgid "suauth"
+msgstr "suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "detailed su control file"
+msgstr "докладний файл керування su"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:46 suauth.5.xml.out:53 suauth.5.xml.out:172
+msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:52
+msgid ""
+"The file <_:filename-1/> is referenced whenever the su command is called. It "
+"can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:"
+msgstr ""
+"Файл <_:filename-1/> буде використано під час кожного виклику su. Він може "
+"змінити поведінку команди su на основі таких даних:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:59
+msgid "1) the user su is targeting"
+msgstr "1) користувача призначення su"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:63
+msgid ""
+"2) the user executing the su command (or any groups he might be a member of)"
+msgstr ""
+"2) користувача, від імені якого віддано команду su (або будь-яких груп, "
+"учасником яких він є)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:68
+msgid ""
+"The file is formatted like this, with lines starting with a # being treated "
+"as comment lines and ignored;"
+msgstr ""
+"Форматування файла описано нижче. Рядки, які починаються з символу #, "
+"вважатимуться коментарями. Такі рядки буде проігноровано;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:73
+msgid "to-id:from-id:ACTION"
+msgstr "ідентифікатор-призначення:похідний-ідентифікатор:ДІЯ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "ALL EXCEPT"
+msgstr "ALL EXCEPT"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:77
+msgid ""
+"Where to-id is either the word <_:emphasis-1/>, a list of usernames "
+"delimited by \",\" or the words <_:emphasis-2/> followed by a list of "
+"usernames delimited by \",\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Де «ідентифікатор-призначення» є словом <_:emphasis-1/>, списком "
+"відокремлених «,» імен користувачів або словами <_:emphasis-2/>, після яких "
+"вказано список відокремлених «,» імен користувачів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "ALL EXCEPT GROUP"
+msgstr "ALL EXCEPT GROUP"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:83
+msgid ""
+"from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word <_:emphasis-1/> "
+"is recognized. <_:emphasis-2/> is perfectly valid too. Following <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> appears one or more group names, delimited by \",\". It is not "
+"sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/> is necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"Форматування запису «похідний-ідентифікатор» є таким самим, що і для запису "
+"«ідентифікатор-призначення», окрім розпізнавання додаткового слова <_:"
+"emphasis-1/>. Можна також без проблем користуватися <_:emphasis-2/>. Після "
+"<_:emphasis-3/> можна вказати назви однієї або декількох груп, відокремлених "
+"«,». Ідентифікатора основної групи відповідної групи недостатньо, потрібен "
+"запис у <_:citerefentry-4/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:94
+msgid "Action can be one only of the following currently supported options."
+msgstr ""
+"Дією може бути лише один із наведених нижче підтримуваних у поточній версії "
+"варіантів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:100
+msgid "DENY"
+msgstr "DENY"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:103
+msgid "The attempt to su is stopped before a password is even asked for."
+msgstr ""
+"Спробу su буде зупинено навіть до того, як буде надіслано запит щодо пароля."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "NOPASS"
+msgstr "NOPASS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:113
+msgid ""
+"The attempt to su is automatically successful; no password is asked for."
+msgstr ""
+"Спроба виконати su автоматично успішна; запит щодо пароля не "
+"виконуватиметься."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:121
+msgid "OWNPASS"
+msgstr "OWNPASS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"For the su command to be successful, the user must enter his or her own "
+"password. They are told this."
+msgstr ""
+"Для успішного виконання команди su користувач має ввести власний пароль. "
+"Програма попросить його це зробити."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"Note there are three separate fields delimited by a colon. No whitespace "
+"must surround this colon. Also note that the file is examined sequentially "
+"line by line, and the first applicable rule is used without examining the "
+"file further. This makes it possible for a system administrator to exercise "
+"as fine control as he or she wishes."
+msgstr ""
+"Зауважте, що передбачено три окремих поля, які відокремлено двокрапками. "
+"Ніяких пробілів навколо двокрапок не повинно бути. Також зауважте, що файл "
+"буде оброблено рядок за рядком. Бдуе використано перше придатне правило без "
+"вивчення решти. Це уможливлює для адміністратора встановлення бажаного рівня "
+"керування доступом."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:142
+msgid "EXAMPLE"
+msgstr "ПРИКЛАД"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:143
+msgid ""
+"# sample /etc/suauth file # # A couple of privileged usernames may # su to "
+"root with their own password. # root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS # # Anyone else "
+"may not su to root unless in # group wheel. This is how BSD does things. # "
+"root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY # # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts "
+"# owned by the same person. # Access can be arranged between them # with no "
+"password. # terry:birddog:NOPASS birddog:terry:NOPASS #"
+msgstr ""
+"# приклад файла /etc/suauth\n"
+"#\n"
+"# Двійко привілейованих користувачів можуть\n"
+"# виконувати su до root із власним паролем.\n"
+"#\n"
+"root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS\n"
+"#\n"
+"# Усі інші не можуть виконувати su до root, якщо\n"
+"# не у групі wheel. Так роблять у BSD.\n"
+"#\n"
+"root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY\n"
+"#\n"
+"# Можливо, облікові записи terry і birddog належать\n"
+"# одній особі.\n"
+"# Можна налаштувати доступ між ними\n"
+"# без пароля.\n"
+"#\n"
+"terry:birddog:NOPASS birddog:terry:NOPASS\n"
+"#"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:180
+msgid ""
+"There could be plenty lurking. The file parser is particularly unforgiving "
+"about syntax errors, expecting no spurious whitespace (apart from beginning "
+"and end of lines), and a specific token delimiting different things."
+msgstr ""
+"Може бути доволі багато проблем. Зокрема, обробник файла не пробачає "
+"синтаксичних помилок, не дає додавати пробіли у довільні місця (окрім "
+"початку і кінця рядків) і має специфічні правила щодо розмежування записів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:192
+msgid "syslogd"
+msgstr "syslogd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:190
+msgid ""
+"An error parsing the file is reported using <_:citerefentry-1/> as level ERR "
+"on facility AUTH."
+msgstr ""
+"Про помилку при обробці файла буде повідомлено за допомогою <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/> у формі рівня ERR для можливості AUTH."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:60
+msgid "create a new user or update default new user information"
+msgstr ""
+"створення запису користувача або оновлення відомостей щодо типового нового "
+"користувача"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:72 useradd.8.xml.out:76 useradd.8.xml.out:86
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:169 useradd.8.xml.out:583 useradd.8.xml.out:585
+msgid "-D"
+msgstr "-D"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:85
+msgid ""
+"When invoked without the <_:option-1/> option, the <_:command-2/> command "
+"creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line "
+"plus the default values from the system. Depending on command line options, "
+"the <_:command-3/> command will update system files and may also create the "
+"new user's home directory and copy initial files."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо програму викликано без параметра <_:option-1/>, команда <_:command-2/> "
+"створити обліковий запис користувача з використанням значень, які вказано у "
+"рядку команди, і значень, які є типовими для системи. Залежно від параметрів "
+"рядка команди, команда <_:command-3/> оновить файли системи і також може "
+"створити домашній каталог нового користувача і скопіювати туди початкові "
+"файли."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:94
+msgid ""
+"By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see <_:option-1/"
+">, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, and <_:option-4/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Типово, для нового користувача також буде створено його власну групу (див. "
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/> і <_:option-4/>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:592
+msgid "--base-dir"
+msgstr "--base-dir"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:124 useradd.8.xml.out:159
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:592 useradd.8.xml.out:598
+msgid "BASE_DIR"
+msgstr "БАЗОВИЙ_КАТАЛОГ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:123 useradd.8.xml.out:151 useradd.8.xml.out:156
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:161 usermod.8.xml.out:112
+msgid "HOME_DIR"
+msgstr "ДОМАШНІЙ_КАТАЛОГ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:121
+msgid ""
+"The default base directory for the system if <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/"
+"> is not specified. <_:replaceable-3/> is concatenated with the account name "
+"to define the home directory."
+msgstr ""
+"Типовий базовий каталог для системи, якщо не вказано <_:option-1/> <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>. Для визначення домашнього каталогу <_:replaceable-3/> буде "
+"поєднано із назвою облікового запису."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:131 useradd.8.xml.out:603
+msgid "HOME"
+msgstr "HOME"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:189 useradd.8.xml.out:212
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:250 useradd.8.xml.out:293 useradd.8.xml.out:343
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:393 useradd.8.xml.out:523 useradd.8.xml.out:604
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:616 useradd.8.xml.out:633 useradd.8.xml.out:649
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:663 useradd.8.xml.out:677 useradd.8.xml.out:767
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:419
+msgid "/etc/default/useradd"
+msgstr "/etc/default/useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "/home"
+msgstr "/home"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:128
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the base directory "
+"specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or <_:filename-4/"
+"> by default."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо цей параметр не вказано, <_:command-1/> використає базовий каталог, "
+"який вказано змінною <_:option-2/> у <_:filename-3/>, або типовий каталог <_:"
+"filename-4/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "--comment"
+msgstr "--comment"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "COMMENT"
+msgstr "КОМЕНТАР"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:142
+msgid ""
+"Any text string. It is generally a short description of the account, and is "
+"currently used as the field for the user's full name."
+msgstr ""
+"Будь-який рядок тексту. Зазвичай, це короткий опис облікового запису. У "
+"поточній версії використано як поле для повного імені користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "--home-dir"
+msgstr "--home-dir"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:154
+msgid ""
+"The new user will be created using <_:replaceable-1/> as the value for the "
+"user's login directory. The default is to append the <_:replaceable-2/> name "
+"to <_:replaceable-3/> and use that as the login directory name. If the "
+"directory <_:replaceable-4/> does not exist, then it will be created unless "
+"the <_:option-5/> option is specified."
+msgstr ""
+"Новий запис користувача буде створено з використанням <_:replaceable-1/>, як "
+"значення для каталогу входу до системи користувача. Типовим значенням є "
+"дописування імені <_:replaceable-2/> до <_:replaceable-3/> і використання "
+"результату як назви каталогу облікового запису. Якщо каталогу <_:"
+"replaceable-4/> не існує, його буде створено, якщо не вказано параметр <_:"
+"option-5/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:169
+msgid "--defaults"
+msgstr "--defaults"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "See below, the subsection \"Changing the default values\"."
+msgstr "Див. нижче, підрозділ «Зміна типових значень»."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:184 usermod.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "YYYY-MM-DD"
+msgstr "РРРР-ММ-ДД"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:182
+msgid ""
+"The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified "
+"in the format <_:emphasis-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Дата, у яку буде вимкнено обліковий запис користувача. Дату вказують у "
+"форматі <_:emphasis-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:188 useradd.8.xml.out:615 usermod.8.xml.out:418
+msgid "EXPIRE"
+msgstr "EXPIRE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:186
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the default expiry date specified "
+"by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or an empty string (no "
+"expiry) by default."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо не вказано, <_:command-1/> використає типову дату строку дії, який "
+"вказано змінною <_:option-2/> у <_:filename-3/>, або типовий порожній рядок "
+"(необмежений строк дії)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:199
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where "
+"the user is expected to replace this password. The value is stored in the "
+"shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no "
+"delay. An input of -1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password "
+"file. See <_:citerefentry-1/>for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"Визначає кількість днів після перевищення паролем максимального віку, "
+"протягом яких система очікуватиме на заміну пароля користувачем. Значення "
+"зберігається у файлі паролів shadow. Вхідне значення 0 вимкне пароль, строк "
+"дії якого вичерпано, без затримки. Вхідне значення -1 призведе до вилучення "
+"відповідного поля у файлі паролів shadow. Див. <_:citerefentry-1/>, щоб "
+"дізнатися більше."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:208
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the default inactivity period "
+"specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or -1 by default."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо не вказано, <_:command-1/> використає типовий період неактивності, який "
+"вказано змінною <_:option-2/> у <_:filename-3/>, або типове значення -1."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:218 useradd.8.xml.out:482
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-F"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:218
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "--add-subuids"
+msgid "--add-subids-for-system"
+msgstr "--add-subuids"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:221
+msgid ""
+"Update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> even when creating a system "
+"account with <_:option-3/> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:233
+msgid ""
+"The name or the number of the user's primary group. The group name must "
+"exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group."
+msgstr ""
+"Назва або номер основної групи користувача. Відповідна група має існувати. "
+"Номер групи має вказувати на вже наявну групу."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "-U/--user-group"
+msgstr "-U/--user-group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:247
+msgid "-N/--no-user-group"
+msgstr "-N/--no-user-group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:238
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If not specified, the behavior of <_:command-1/> will depend on the <_:"
+#| "option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>. If this variable is set to <_:"
+#| "replaceable-4/> (or <_:option-5/> is specified on the command line), a "
+#| "group will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname. "
+#| "If the variable is set to <_:replaceable-6/> (or <_:option-7/> is "
+#| "specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the "
+#| "new user to the value specified by the <_:option-8/> variable in <_:"
+#| "filename-9/>, or 100 by default."
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, the behavior of <_:command-1/> will depend on the <_:"
+"option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>. If this variable is set to <_:"
+"replaceable-4/> (or <_:option-5/> is specified on the command line), a group "
+"will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname. If the "
+"variable is set to <_:replaceable-6/> (or <_:option-7/> is specified on the "
+"command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the "
+"value specified by the <_:option-8/> variable in <_:filename-9/>, or 1000 by "
+"default."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо не вказано, поведінка <_:command-1/> залежатиме від значення змінної <_:"
+"option-2/> у <_:filename-3/>. Якщо для цієї змінної встановлено значення <_:"
+"replaceable-4/> (або у рядку команди вказано <_:option-5/>), для користувача "
+"буде створено групу із назвою, яка збігатиметься із назвою облікового запису "
+"користувача. Якщо ддля змінної встановлено значення <_:replaceable-6/> (або "
+"у рядку команди вказано параметр <_:option-7/>), useradd встановить як "
+"основну групу нового користувача групу, яку вказано змінною <_:option-8/> у "
+"файлі <_:filename-9/> або типовий номер групи 100."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:83 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:322
+msgid "-G"
+msgstr "-G"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "--groups"
+msgstr "--groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "GROUP1"
+msgstr "ГРУПА1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+msgid ",GROUP2,..."
+msgstr ",ГРУПА2,..."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+msgid ",GROUPN"
+msgstr ",ГРУПАN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:256 usermod.8.xml.out:198
+msgid ""
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>[<_:emphasis-4/>[<_:"
+"emphasis-5/>]]]"
+msgstr ""
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>[<_:emphasis-4/>[<_:"
+"emphasis-5/>]]]"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:260
+msgid ""
+"A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+"group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. "
+"The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the "
+"<_:option-1/> option. The default is for the user to belong only to the "
+"initial group."
+msgstr ""
+"Список додаткових груп, учасником яких також буде користувач. Групи у списку "
+"слід відокремлювати комою, без проміжного пробілу. Групи підлягатимуть тим "
+"самим обмеженням, що і група, яку задано параметром <_:option-1/>. Типовою "
+"поведінкою є належність користувача лише до початкової групи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+msgid "--skel"
+msgstr "--skel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+msgid "SKEL_DIR"
+msgstr "SKEL_DIR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:281
+msgid ""
+"The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in "
+"the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by <_:"
+"command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Каркасний каталог, який містить файли і каталоги, які буде скопійовано до "
+"домашнього каталогу користувача, коли такий домашній каталог створюється "
+"командою <_:command-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:288 useradd.8.xml.out:350
+msgid "--create-home"
+msgstr "--create-home"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:286
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid if the <_:option-1/> (or <_:option-2/>) option is "
+"specified."
+msgstr ""
+"Цей параметр є чинним, лише якщо вказано параметр <_:option-1/> (або <_:"
+"option-2/>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:292
+msgid "SKEL"
+msgstr "SKEL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:294
+msgid "/etc/skel"
+msgstr "/etc/skel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:290
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the <_:"
+"option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/> or, by default, <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо не вказано цей параметр, каталог каркасних даних буде визначено змінною "
+"<_:option-1/> у <_:filename-2/> або, типово, <_:filename-3/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "If possible, the ACLs and extended attributes are copied."
+msgstr "Якщо можна, буде скопійовано ACL і розширені атрибути."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "UMASK"
+msgstr "UMASK"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:306
+msgid ""
+"Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (<_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:"
+"option-4/>, <_:option-5/> and others)."
+msgstr ""
+"Має пріоритет на типовими значеннями з <_:filename-1/> (<_:option-2/>, <_:"
+"option-3/>, <_:option-4/>, <_:option-5/> та іншими)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:312
+msgid ""
+"Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> can be used "
+"when creating an account to turn off password aging. Multiple <_:option-4/> "
+"options can be specified, e.g.: <_:option-5/> <_:replaceable-6/> =<_:"
+"replaceable-7/> <_:option-8/> <_:replaceable-9/>=<_:replaceable-10/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Приклад: можна скористатися <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:"
+"replaceable-3/> при створенні облікового запису для вимикання застарівання "
+"пароля. Може бути вказано декілька параметрів <_:option-4/>. Приклад: <_:"
+"option-5/> <_:replaceable-6/> =<_:replaceable-7/> <_:option-8/> <_:"
+"replaceable-9/>=<_:replaceable-10/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330
+msgid "--no-log-init"
+msgstr "--no-log-init"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:332
+msgid "Do not add the user to the lastlog and faillog databases."
+msgstr "Не додавати користувача до баз даних lastlog і faillog."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:335
+msgid ""
+"By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are "
+"reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user."
+msgstr ""
+"Типово, записи користувачів у базах даних lastlog і faillog буде скинуто до "
+"початкових даних, щоб уникнути повторного використання записів, які лишилися "
+"від раніше вилучених користувачів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:342
+msgid "LOG_INIT"
+msgstr "LOG_INIT"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:340
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will also consult the "
+"variable <_:option-2/> in the <_:filename-3/> if set to no the user will not "
+"be added to the lastlog and faillog databases."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо не вказано цей параметр, <_:command-1/> також врахує значення змінної "
+"<_:option-2/> у <_:filename-3/>, якщо для неї встановлено значення no, запис "
+"користувача не буде додано до баз даних lastlog і faillog."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:353
+msgid ""
+"Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and "
+"directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with "
+"the <_:option-1/> option) will be copied to the home directory."
+msgstr ""
+"Створити домашній каталог користувача, якщо такого ще не існує. До такого "
+"домашнього каталогу буде скопійовано файли і каталоги з каркасного каталогу "
+"(який можна визначити за допомогою параметра <_:option-1/>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:361 useradd.8.xml.out:379 useradd.8.xml.out:475
+msgid "CREATE_HOME"
+msgstr "CREATE_HOME"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:359
+msgid ""
+"By default, if this option is not specified and <_:option-1/> is not "
+"enabled, no home directories are created."
+msgstr ""
+"Типово, якщо цей параметр не вказано і не увімкнено <_:option-1/>, програма "
+"не створюватиме домашніх каталогів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:364
+msgid ""
+"The directory where the user's home directory is created must exist and have "
+"proper SELinux context and permissions. Otherwise the user's home directory "
+"cannot be created or accessed."
+msgstr ""
+"Каталог, де буде створено домашній каталог користувача, має існувати і мати "
+"належний контекст SELinux і права доступу. Якщо ці умови не буде виконано, "
+"програма не зможе створити домашній каталог користувача або створений "
+"каталог буде недоступним."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:373
+msgid "--no-create-home"
+msgstr "--no-create-home"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:376
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Do no create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting "
+#| "from <_:filename-1/> (<_:option-2/>) is set to <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgid ""
+"Do not create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting "
+"from <_:filename-1/> (<_:option-2/>) is set to <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Не створювати домашнього каталогу користувача, навіть якщо для "
+"загальносистемного параметра з <_:filename-1/> (<_:option-2/>) встановлено "
+"значення <_:replaceable-3/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:386
+msgid "--no-user-group"
+msgstr "--no-user-group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:389
+msgid ""
+"Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to "
+"the group specified by the <_:option-1/> option or by the <_:option-2/> "
+"variable in <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Не створювати групи, назва якої збігається із назвою облікового запису "
+"користувача, а додати користувача до групи, яку вказано параметром <_:"
+"option-1/> або змінною <_:option-2/> у <_:filename-3/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:408
+msgid "allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID."
+msgstr "Дозволяє створення облікового запису із наявним UID."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:412 usermod.8.xml.out:277
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> option. As a "
+"user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and "
+"permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system's "
+"behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account "
+"of the given UID."
+msgstr ""
+"Цей параметр можна використовувати лише у поєднанні із параметром <_:"
+"option-1/>. Оскільки профіль користувача слугує ключем для прив'язки "
+"користувачів до прав доступу, прав власності на файли та інших аспектів "
+"загальносистемної поведінки, доступ до облікового запису із заданим UID "
+"матимуть декілька облікових записів для входу до системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:428
+msgid ""
+"defines an initial password for the account. PASSWORD is expected to be "
+"encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>. Within a shell script, this "
+"option allows to create efficiently batches of users."
+msgstr ""
+"визначає початковий пароль до облікового запису. ПАРОЛЬ має бути зашифровано "
+"у форматі, який повертає <_:citerefentry-1/>. У скрипті оболонки цей "
+"параметр надає змогу ефективно створювати записи користувачів у пакетному "
+"режимі."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:435
+msgid ""
+"Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password "
+"defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of <_:"
+"filename-1/>. This is a state where the user won't be able to access the "
+"account or to define a password himself."
+msgstr ""
+"Без цього параметра новий обліковий запис буде заблоковано; для нього також "
+"не буде визначено пароля, тобто у відповідному полі файла <_:filename-1/>. "
+"Це стан, у якому користувач не зможе отримати доступ до облікового запису "
+"або визначити пароль власноруч."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:443
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/>Avoid this option on the command line because the password "
+"(or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> не рекомендуємо користуватися цим параметром у командному "
+"рядку, оскільки пароль (або шифрований пароль) буде видимим для "
+"користувачів, які мають доступ до списку процесів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:471
+msgid ""
+"Note that <_:command-1/> will not create a home directory for such a user, "
+"regardless of the default setting in <_:filename-2/> (<_:option-3/>). You "
+"have to specify the <_:option-4/> options if you want a home directory for a "
+"system account to be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Зауважте, що <_:command-1/> не створюватиме домашнього каталогу для такого "
+"користувача, незалежно від того, яким є типове значення параметра у <_:"
+"filename-2/> (<_:option-3/>). вам слід вказати параметри <_:option-4/>, якщо "
+"ви хочете, щоб для загальносистемного облікового запису було створено "
+"домашній каталог."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:479
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that <_:command-1/> will not create a home directory for such a "
+#| "user, regardless of the default setting in <_:filename-2/> (<_:option-3/"
+#| ">). You have to specify the <_:option-4/> options if you want a home "
+#| "directory for a system account to be created."
+msgid ""
+"Note that this option will not update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>. "
+"You have to specify the <_:option-3/> options if you want to update the "
+"files for a system account to be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Зауважте, що <_:command-1/> не створюватиме домашнього каталогу для такого "
+"користувача, незалежно від того, яким є типове значення параметра у <_:"
+"filename-2/> (<_:option-3/>). вам слід вказати параметри <_:option-4/>, якщо "
+"ви хочете, щоб для загальносистемного облікового запису було створено "
+"домашній каталог."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:520
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "sets the path to the user's login shell. Without this option, the system "
+#| "will use the <_:option-1/> variable specified in <_:filename-2/>, or, if "
+#| "that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in <_:filename-3/"
+#| ">remains empty."
+msgid ""
+"sets the path to the user's login shell. Without this option, the system "
+"will use the <_:option-1/> variable specified in <_:filename-2/>, or, if "
+"that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in <_:filename-3/> "
+"remains empty."
+msgstr ""
+"Встановлює шлях до оболонки входу користувача. Без цього параметра система "
+"використовуватиме значення змінної <_:option-1/>, яке вказано у файлі <_:"
+"filename-2/>, або, якщо це значення також не встановлено, поле для оболонки "
+"входу у <_:filename-3/> лишатиметься порожнім."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+msgid "--uid"
+msgstr "--uid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+msgid "UID"
+msgstr "UID"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:534
+msgid ""
+"The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless the "
+"<_:option-1/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The default is "
+"to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-2/> and "
+"greater than every other user."
+msgstr ""
+"Числове значення ідентифікатора користувача. Це значення має бути "
+"унікальним, якщо не використано параметр <_:option-1/>. Значення має бути "
+"невід'ємним. Типово, буде використано найменше значення ідентифікатора, яке "
+"перевищує або дорівнює значенню <_:option-2/> і є більшим за значення для "
+"будь-якого іншого користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:549
+msgid "--user-group"
+msgstr "--user-group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:552
+msgid ""
+"Create a group with the same name as the user, and add the user to this "
+"group."
+msgstr ""
+"Створити групу, назва якої збігається із назвою облікового запису "
+"користувача, додати користувача до цієї групи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 userdel.8.xml.out:153 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "-Z"
+msgstr "-Z"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 userdel.8.xml.out:153 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "--selinux-user"
+msgstr "--selinux-user"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "SEUSER"
+msgstr "SEКОРИСТУВАЧ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:573
+msgid "semanage"
+msgstr "semanage"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:569
+msgid ""
+"defines the SELinux user for the new account. Without this option, a SELinux "
+"uses the default user. Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-"
+"user, it uses <_:citerefentry-1/> for that."
+msgstr ""
+"Визначає користувача SELinux для нового облікового запису. Без цього "
+"параметра, SELinux використає типового користувача. Зауважте, що система "
+"shadow не зберігає користувача selinux — для цього вона використовує <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:581
+msgid "Changing the default values"
+msgstr "Зміна типових значень"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:582
+msgid ""
+"When invoked with only the <_:option-1/> option, <_:command-2/> will display "
+"the current default values. When invoked with <_:option-3/> plus other "
+"options, <_:command-4/> will update the default values for the specified "
+"options. Valid default-changing options are:"
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо програму викликано лише з параметром <_:option-1/>, <_:command-2/> "
+"виведе поточні типові значення. Якщо виклик відбувся з параметром <_:"
+"option-3/> та іншими параметрами, <_:command-4/> оновить типові значення для "
+"вказаних параметрів. Коректними параметрами для зміни типових значень є такі:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:595
+msgid ""
+"sets the path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will "
+"be affixed to the end of <_:replaceable-1/> to form the new user's home "
+"directory name, if the <_:option-2/> option is not used when creating a new "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"Встановлює префікс шляху для домашнього каталогу нового користувача. Назву "
+"облікового запису користувача буде дописано наприкінці <_:replaceable-1/> "
+"для створення назви домашнього каталогу нового користувача, якщо під час "
+"створення облікового запису не було використано параметр <_:option-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:602 useradd.8.xml.out:614 useradd.8.xml.out:631
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:647 useradd.8.xml.out:661
+msgid "This option sets the <_:option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Цей параметр встановлює значення змінної <_:option-1/> у <_:filename-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:613
+msgid "sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled."
+msgstr ""
+"Встановлює дату вимикання новостворених облікових записів користувачів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:625
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where "
+"the user is expected to replace this password. See <_:citerefentry-1/>for "
+"more information."
+msgstr ""
+"Визначає кількість днів після перевищення паролем максимального віку, "
+"протягом яких система очікуватиме на заміну пароля користувачем. Див. <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>, щоб дізнатися більше."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:642
+msgid ""
+"sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group "
+"names or a numerical group ID. The named group must exist, and the GID must "
+"have an existing entry."
+msgstr ""
+"Встановлює типову основну групу для новостворених записів користувачів. "
+"Можна вказати назву групи або числовий ідентифікатор групи. Вказана за "
+"назвою група має існувати, а GID має бути наявним записом."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:658
+msgid "defines the default login shell for new users."
+msgstr "Визначає типову оболонку входу для нових користувачів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:673
+msgid "NOTES"
+msgstr "ПРИМІТКИ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:675 useradd.8.xml.out:779
+msgid "/etc/skel/"
+msgstr "/etc/skel/"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:674
+msgid ""
+"The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files "
+"in the <_:filename-1/> directory (or any other skeleton directory specified "
+"in <_:filename-2/> or on the command line)."
+msgstr ""
+"За розташування типових файлів користувача у каталозі <_:filename-1/> (або "
+"будь-якому іншому каркасному каталозі, який вказано у <_:filename-2/> або "
+"рядку команди) відповідає адміністратор системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:683
+msgid ""
+"You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+"Не можна додавати користувача до групи NIS або LDAP. Для таких груп цю дію "
+"має бути виконано на відповідному сервері."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:688
+msgid ""
+"Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such "
+"as NIS or LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the user account creation request."
+msgstr ""
+"Так само, якщо ім'я користувача вже існує у зовнішній базі даних "
+"користувачів, зокрема NIS або LDAP, <_:command-1/> відмовить у запиті щодо "
+"створення облікового запису користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:702
+msgid "ls"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:694
+msgid ""
+"Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, "
+"underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not "
+"allowed at the beginning of the username. Fully numeric usernames and "
+"usernames . or .. are also disallowed. It is not recommended to use "
+"usernames beginning with . character as their home directories will be "
+"hidden in the <_:command-1/> output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:704
+msgid "Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgstr "Довжина імен користувачів не може перевищувати 32 символи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:769
+msgid "Default values for account creation."
+msgstr "Типові значення для створення облікового запису."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-pre.d/*"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-pre.d/*"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-post.d/*"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-post.d/*"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773 userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "<_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>"
+msgstr "<_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775 userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "ACTION"
+msgstr "ACTION"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775 userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "SUBJECT"
+msgstr "SUBJECT"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid "useradd-pre.d"
+msgstr "useradd-pre.d"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid "useradd-post.d"
+msgstr "useradd-post.d"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid ""
+"Run-part files to execute during user addition. The environment variable <_:"
+"command-1/> will be populated with useradd and <_:command-2/> with the <_:"
+"command-3/>. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user addition. <_:"
+"filename-5/> will execute after user addition. If a script exits non-zero "
+"then execution will terminate."
+msgstr ""
+"Файли, які буде виконано під час додавання запису користувача. Змінну "
+"середовища <_:command-1/> буде заповнено командою useradd, а змінну "
+"середовища <_:command-2/> — <_:command-3/>. Перед додаванням запису "
+"користувача буде виконано <_:filename-4/>. Після додавання запису "
+"користувача буде виконано <_:filename-5/>. Якщо станом виходу зі скрипту "
+"буде ненульове значення, виконання дій буде перервано."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:781
+msgid "Directory containing default files."
+msgstr "Каталог, у якому містяться типові файли."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:819 userdel.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "can't update password file"
+msgstr "не вдалося оновити файл паролів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:837
+msgid "UID already in use (and no <_:option-1/>)"
+msgstr "UID вже використано (і не вказано <_:option-1/>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:849
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "username already in use"
+msgid "username or group name already in use"
+msgstr "запис користувача вже використано"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:861
+msgid "can't create home directory"
+msgstr "не вдалося створити домашній каталог"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:865
+msgid "14"
+msgstr "14"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:867
+msgid "can't update SELinux user mapping"
+msgstr "не вдалося оновити прив'язку користувача SELinux"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:876 usermod.8.xml.out:603
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:phrase-10/> "
+"<_:citerefentry-11/>, <_:citerefentry-12/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:phrase-10/> "
+"<_:citerefentry-11/>, <_:citerefentry-12/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:47
+msgid "delete a user account and related files"
+msgstr "вилучення облікового запису користувача і пов'язаних файлів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all "
+"entries that refer to the user name <_:emphasis-2/>. The named user must "
+"exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Команда <_:command-1/> вносить зміни до файлів загальносистемних облікових "
+"записів, вилучаючи усі записи, які стосуються імені користувача <_:"
+"emphasis-2/>. Іменований запис користувача має існувати."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:79
+msgid ""
+"This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is "
+"still logged in. It also forces <_:command-1/> to remove the user's home "
+"directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory "
+"or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user. If <_:option-2/> is "
+"defined to <_:emphasis-3/> in <_:filename-4/> and if a group exists with the "
+"same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it "
+"is still the primary group of another user."
+msgstr ""
+"Цей параметр наказує програмі вилучити обліковий запис користувача, навіть "
+"якщо користувач усе ще працює у системі. Також він наказує <_:command-1/> "
+"вилучити домашній каталог користувача і поштовий буфер, навіть якщо цим "
+"домашнім каталогом користується інший користувач або якщо власником "
+"поштового буфера не є вказаний користувач. Якщо для <_:option-2/> "
+"встановлено значення <_:emphasis-3/> у <_:filename-4/>, і якщо існує група "
+"із тією самою назвою, що і назва облікового запису, цю групу буде вилучено, "
+"навіть якщо вона все ще є основною групою іншого користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:92
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an "
+"inconsistent state."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> цей параметр є небезпечним і може перевести вашу систему у "
+"неузгоджений стан."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:106 usermod.8.xml.out:317
+msgid "--remove"
+msgstr "--remove"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:109
+msgid ""
+"Files in the user's home directory will be removed along with the home "
+"directory itself and the user's mail spool. Files located in other file "
+"systems will have to be searched for and deleted manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Файли у домашньому каталозі користувача буде вилучено разом з самим домашнім "
+"каталогом та поштовим буфером користувача. Файли у інших файлових системах "
+"слід знайти і вилучити вручну."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:115
+msgid ""
+"The mail spool is defined by the <_:option-1/> variable in the <_:filename-2/"
+"> file."
+msgstr ""
+"Поштовий буфер визначається змінною <_:option-1/> у файлі <_:filename-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:156
+msgid "Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user's login."
+msgstr ""
+"Вилучити усі прив'язки до користувача SELinux для облікового запису "
+"користувача для входу до системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-pre.d/*"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-pre.d/*"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-post.d/*"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-post.d/*"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "userdel-pre.d"
+msgstr "userdel-pre.d"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "userdel-post.d"
+msgstr "userdel-post.d"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid ""
+"Run-part files to execute during user deletion. The environment variable <_:"
+"command-1/> will be populated with <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/> with "
+"the username. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user deletion. "
+"<_:filename-5/> will execute after user deletion. If a script exits non-zero "
+"then execution will terminate."
+msgstr ""
+"Файли, які буде виконано під час вилучення запису користувача. Змінну "
+"середовища <_:command-1/> буде заповнено командами <_:command-2/> і <_:"
+"command-3/> з іменем користувача. Перед вилученням запису користувача буде "
+"виконано <_:filename-4/>. Після додавання запису користувача буде виконано "
+"<_:filename-5/>. Якщо станом виходу зі скрипту буде ненульове значення, "
+"виконання дій буде перервано."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:255
+msgid "specified user doesn't exist"
+msgstr "вказаного запису користувача не існує"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:261
+msgid "user currently logged in"
+msgstr "поточний користувач системи"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:273
+msgid "can't remove home directory"
+msgstr "не вдалося вилучити домашній каталог"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:282
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will not allow you to remove an account if there are running "
+"processes which belong to this account. In that case, you may have to kill "
+"those processes or lock the user's password or account and remove the "
+"account later. The <_:option-2/> option can force the deletion of this "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:command-1/> не дозволить вам вилучити обліковий запис, якщо цьому "
+"обліковому запису належать якісь запущені процеси. У випадку наявності таких "
+"процесів ви можете завершити їх роботу або заблокувати пароль чи обліковий "
+"запис користувача і вилучити обліковий запис пізніше. Виконати вилучення "
+"цього облікового запису у примусовому режимі можна за допомогою параметра <_:"
+"option-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:289
+msgid ""
+"You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain "
+"owned by this user."
+msgstr ""
+"Вам слід виконати перевірку усіх файлових систем вручну, щоб переконатися, "
+"щоб не лишилося жодних файлів, які належать цьому користувачу."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:293
+msgid ""
+"You may not remove any NIS attributes on a NIS client. This must be "
+"performed on the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+"Ви не зможете вилучити атрибути NIS з клієнта NIS. Виконати це завдання "
+"можна лише на сервері NIS."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:296
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is defined to <_:emphasis-2/> in <_:filename-3/>, <_:"
+"command-4/> will delete the group with the same name as the user. To avoid "
+"inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, <_:command-5/> will check "
+"that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will "
+"just warn without deleting the group otherwise. The <_:option-6/> option can "
+"force the deletion of this group."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо для <_:option-1/> встановлено значення <_:emphasis-2/> у <_:filename-3/"
+">, <_:command-4/> вилучить групу, яка має назву, що збігається із назвою "
+"облікового запису користувача. Щоб уникнути неузгодженостей у базах даних "
+"passwd і груп, <_:command-5/> виконає перевірку того, чи не використовується "
+"ця група як основна група іншого користувача. Якщо використовується, "
+"програма попередить вас без вилучення групи. Примусово вилучити цю групу "
+"можна за допомогою параметра <_:option-6/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:309
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:phrase-9/> <_:citerefentry-10/>, "
+"<_:citerefentry-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:phrase-9/> <_:citerefentry-10/>, "
+"<_:citerefentry-11/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:48
+msgid "modify a user account"
+msgstr "зміна облікового запису користувача"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:63
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:command-1/> вносить зміни до файлів загальносистемних облікових записів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:81
+msgid ""
+"Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:option-1/> "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"Додати користувача до допоміжних груп. Використовуйте лише у поєднанні з "
+"параметром <_:option-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:102
+msgid ""
+"update the comment field of the user in <_:filename-1/>, which is normally "
+"modified using the <_:citerefentry-2/> utility."
+msgstr ""
+"Оновити поле коментаря для запису користувача у <_:filename-1/>, зміни до "
+"якого, зазвичай, вносять за допомогою допоміжного засобу <_:citerefentry-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:112 usermod.8.xml.out:260
+msgid "--home"
+msgstr "--home"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "The user's new login directory."
+msgstr "Новий каталог користувача для облікового запису входу до системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:118
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:option-1/> option is given, the contents of the current home "
+"directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it "
+"does not already exist. If the current home directory does not exist the new "
+"home directory will not be created."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо вказано параметр <_:option-1/>, вміст поточного домашнього каталогу "
+"буде пересунуто до нового домашнього каталогу, який буде створено, якщо його "
+"ще не існує. Якщо поточного домашнього каталогу не існує, новий домашній "
+"каталог створено не буде."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified "
+"in the format <_:emphasis-1/>. Integers as input are interpreted as days "
+"after 1970-01-01."
+msgstr ""
+"Дата, у яку буде вимкнено обліковий запис користувача. Дату вказують у "
+"форматі <_:emphasis-1/>. Цілі вхідні числа буде оброблено як дні після 1 "
+"січня 1970 року."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"An input of -1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in "
+"the shadow password file. The account will remain available with no date "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Вхідне значення -1 або порожній рядок призведуть до вилучення вмісту поля "
+"строку дії облікового запису у файлі паролів shadow. Обліковий запис "
+"лишиться доступним, але без обмеження за датами."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:143 usermod.8.xml.out:165
+msgid ""
+"This option requires a <_:filename-1/> file. A <_:filename-2/> entry will be "
+"created if there were none."
+msgstr ""
+"Цей параметр потребує файла <_:filename-1/>. Запис <_:filename-2/> буде "
+"створено, якщо такого ще немає."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:155
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age "
+"during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password. "
+"This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the "
+"shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no "
+"delay. An input of -1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password "
+"file. See <_:citerefentry-1/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"Визначає період у кількості днів після перевищення максимального віку, "
+"протягом якого користувач усе ще матиме змогу увійти до системи з негайною "
+"зміною пароля. Цей період лояльності до того, як обліковий запис стане "
+"неактивним, зберігається у файлі прихованих паролів (shadow). Вхідне "
+"значення 0 означає негайне вимикання пароля, строк дії якого вичерпано. "
+"Вхідне значення -1 призведе до вилучення вмісту відповідного поля у файлі "
+"прихованих паролів (shadow). Див. <_:citerefentry-1/>, щоб дізнатися більше."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:177
+msgid ""
+"The name or numerical ID of the user's new primary group. The group must "
+"exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Назва або числовий ідентифікатор нової основної групи користувача. Група має "
+"існувати."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:181
+msgid ""
+"Any file from the user's home directory owned by the previous primary group "
+"of the user will be owned by this new group."
+msgstr ""
+"Власником будь-якого файла з домашнього каталогу користувача, власником "
+"якого була попередня основна група користувача, буде ця нова група."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:185
+msgid ""
+"The group ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be "
+"fixed manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Права власності на файли поза домашнім каталогом користувача має бути "
+"виправлено вручну."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:193 usermod.8.xml.out:393
+msgid "/"
+msgstr "/"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:189
+msgid ""
+"The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user's home "
+"directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the "
+"current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home "
+"directories such as <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Зміну групи-власника для файлів у домашньому каталозі користувача також не "
+"буде виконано, якщо uid власника домашнього каталогу відрізняється від "
+"ідентифікатора поточного або нового користувача. Це захід безпеки для "
+"особливих домашніх каталогів, зокрема <_:filename-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:202
+msgid ""
+"A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+"group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. "
+"The groups must exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Список допоміжних груп, учасником яких є користувач. Записи у списку слід "
+"відокремлювати комами, без проміжного пробілу. Групи мають існувати."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user "
+"will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the <_:"
+"option-1/> option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group "
+"list."
+msgstr ""
+"Якщо користувач у поточний момент є учасником групи, якої немає у списку, "
+"його запис буде вилучено з цієї групи. Змінити цю поведінку можна за "
+"допомогою параметра <_:option-1/>, який дописує запис користувача до "
+"поточного списку допоміжних груп."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217 usermod.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "NEW_LOGIN"
+msgstr "НОВИЙ_ЗАПИС"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:220
+msgid ""
+"The name of the user will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>. Nothing else is changed. In particular, the user's home "
+"directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the "
+"new login name."
+msgstr ""
+"Ім'я користувача буде змінено з <_:replaceable-1/> на <_:replaceable-2/>. "
+"Нічого, окрім цього, змінено не буде. Зокрема, ймовірно, назву домашнього "
+"каталогу користувача та поштового буфера доведеться змінювати вручну, щоб "
+"синхронізувати їх із новою назвою облікового запису для входу до системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:231 usermod.8.xml.out:411
+msgid "-L"
+msgstr "-L"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:234
+msgid ""
+"Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password, "
+"effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with <_:"
+"option-1/> or <_:option-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Заблокувати пароль користувача. У відповідь на команду програма допише «!» "
+"перед зашифрованим паролем, фактично, вимкнувши пароль. Цей параметр не "
+"можна поєднувати з <_:option-1/> та <_:option-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:240
+msgid ""
+"Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you "
+"should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Зауваження: якщо ви хочете заблокувати обліковий запис (а не лише доступ за "
+"допомогою пароля), вам також слід встановити для <_:replaceable-1/> значення "
+"<_:replaceable-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:250
+msgid "--move-home"
+msgstr "--move-home"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:253
+msgid ""
+"moves the content of the user's home directory to the new location. If the "
+"current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be "
+"created."
+msgstr ""
+"Пересуває вміст домашнього каталогу користувача у нове місце. Якщо поточного "
+"домашнього каталогу не існує, буде створено новий домашній каталог."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:258
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> (or <_:"
+"option-2/>) option."
+msgstr ""
+"Цей параметр є чинним, лише у поєднанні із параметром <_:option-1/> (або <_:"
+"option-2/>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:262
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the "
+"modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed "
+"afterwards."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:command-1/> спробує адаптувати права власності на файли і скопіювати "
+"режими доступу, ACL та розширені атрибути, але згодом може знадобитися "
+"внесення змін вручну."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:274
+msgid "allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value."
+msgstr "Дозволяє зміну ідентифікатора користувача на неунікальне значення."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:293
+msgid ""
+"defines a new password for the user. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, "
+"as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Визначає новий пароль до облікового запису користувача. ПАРОЛЬ має бути "
+"зашифровано у форматі, який повертає <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:298
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> Avoid this option on the command line because the password "
+"(or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> не рекомендуємо користуватися цим параметром у командному "
+"рядку, оскільки пароль (або шифрований пароль) буде видимим для "
+"користувачів, які мають доступ до списку процесів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:303
+msgid ""
+"The password will be written in the local <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/> "
+"file. This might differ from the password database configured in your PAM "
+"configuration."
+msgstr ""
+"Пароль буде записано до локального файла <_:filename-1/> або <_:filename-2/"
+">. Зміна може не узгоджуватися із базою даних паролів, яку визначено у ваших "
+"налаштуваннях PAM."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:320
+msgid ""
+"Remove the user from named supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:"
+"option-1/> option."
+msgstr ""
+"Вилучити користувача з іменованих допоміжних груп. Використовуйте лише у "
+"поєднанні з параметром <_:option-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:344
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes within the directory tree starting with <_:replaceable-1/> and "
+"use as well the configuration files located there. This option does not "
+"chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some "
+"limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication "
+"is using the host files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+"Застосувати зміни в ієрархії каталогів, що починається з <_:replaceable-1/> "
+"і використати також файли налаштувань, які там зберігаються. Використання "
+"цього параметра не змінює кореневої теки. Параметр призначено лише для "
+"приготування цілі для компіляції коду для іншої операційної системи. "
+"Обмеження: не буде виконано перевірку користувачів/груп NIS і LDAP. При "
+"розпізнаванні у PAM буде використано файли основної системи. Підтримки "
+"SELINUX не передбачено."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:360
+msgid ""
+"changes the user's login shell. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field "
+"in <_:filename-1/> and logs the user into the system's default shell."
+msgstr ""
+"Змінює оболонку для входу до системи користувача. Визначення порожнього "
+"рядка для ОБОЛОНКИ вилучає вміст поля у <_:filename-1/> і виконає вхід "
+"користувача до типової оболонки системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:372
+msgid "The new value of the user's ID."
+msgstr "Нове значення ідентифікатора користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:375
+msgid ""
+"This value must be unique, unless the <_:option-1/> option is used. The "
+"value must be non-negative."
+msgstr ""
+"Це значення має бути унікальним, якщо не використано параметр <_:option-1/>. "
+"Значення має бути невід'ємним."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:380
+msgid ""
+"The user's mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are located "
+"in the user's home directory will have the file user ID changed "
+"automatically."
+msgstr ""
+"Ідентифікатори користувача файла поштової скриньки користувача і усіх "
+"файлів, власником яких є користувач і які зберігаються у домашньому каталозі "
+"користувача, буде змінено автоматично."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:385
+msgid ""
+"The ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be fixed "
+"manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Права власності на файли поза домашнім каталогом користувача має бути "
+"виправлено вручну."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:389
+msgid ""
+"The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user's home "
+"directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the "
+"current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home "
+"directories such as <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Зміну користувача-власника для файлів у домашньому каталозі користувача "
+"також не буде виконано, якщо uid власника домашнього каталогу відрізняється "
+"від ідентифікатора поточного або нового користувача. Це захід безпеки для "
+"особливих домашніх каталогів, зокрема <_:filename-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:408
+msgid ""
+"Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted "
+"password. You can't use this option with <_:option-1/> or <_:option-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Розблокувати пароль користувача. У відповідь на команду програма вилучить "
+"«!» перед зашифрованим паролем. Цей параметр не можна поєднувати з <_:"
+"option-1/> та <_:option-2/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:417
+msgid "99999"
+msgstr "99999"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:413
+msgid ""
+"Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), "
+"you should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> (for example to <_:replaceable-2/"
+">, or to the <_:option-3/> value from <_:filename-4/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"Зауваження: якщо ви хочете розблокувати обліковий запис (а не лише доступ за "
+"допомогою пароля), вам також слід встановити значення для <_:replaceable-1/> "
+"(наприклад, <_:replaceable-2/> або значення <_:option-3/> з <_:filename-4/>)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425
+msgid "-v"
+msgstr "-v"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "--add-subuids"
+msgstr "--add-subuids"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "FIRST"
+msgstr "ПЕРШИЙ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "LAST"
+msgstr "ОСТАННІЙ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:424 usermod.8.xml.out:442 usermod.8.xml.out:462
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:480
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>-<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>-<_:replaceable-4/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:428
+msgid "Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account."
+msgstr "Додати діапазон підлеглих UID до облікового запису користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:431 usermod.8.xml.out:469
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account."
+msgstr ""
+"Цей параметр можна вказувати декілька разів у одній команді, щоб додати "
+"декілька діапазонів до облікового запису користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:436 usermod.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "SUB_UID_MIN"
+msgstr "SUB_UID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:436 usermod.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "SUB_UID_MAX"
+msgstr "SUB_UID_MAX"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:437 usermod.8.xml.out:457
+msgid "SUB_UID_COUNT"
+msgstr "SUB_UID_COUNT"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:434 usermod.8.xml.out:454 usermod.8.xml.out:472
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:492
+msgid ""
+"No checks will be performed with regard to <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or "
+"<_:option-3/> from /etc/login.defs."
+msgstr ""
+"Перевірок щодо <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> та <_:option-3/> з /etc/login."
+"defs не виконуватиметься."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443
+msgid "-V"
+msgstr "-V"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "--del-subuids"
+msgstr "--del-subuids"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:446
+msgid "Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account."
+msgstr "Вилучити діапазон підлеглих UID з облікового запису користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:449
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the "
+"removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid "
+"range is added."
+msgstr ""
+"Цей параметр можна вказати декілька разів, щоб вилучити декілька діапазонів "
+"з облікового запису користувача. Якщо вказано одразу <_:option-1/> і <_:"
+"option-2/>, вилучення усіх підлеглих діапазонів UID станеться до додавання "
+"будь-яких підлеглих UID."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:463 usermod.8.xml.out:489
+msgid "--add-subgids"
+msgstr "--add-subgids"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:466
+msgid "Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account."
+msgstr "Додати діапазон підлеглих GID до облікового запису користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:474 usermod.8.xml.out:494
+msgid "SUB_GID_MIN"
+msgstr "SUB_GID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:474 usermod.8.xml.out:494
+msgid "SUB_GID_MAX"
+msgstr "SUB_GID_MAX"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:475 usermod.8.xml.out:495
+msgid "SUB_GID_COUNT"
+msgstr "SUB_GID_COUNT"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481 usermod.8.xml.out:489
+msgid "--del-subgids"
+msgstr "--del-subgids"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:484
+msgid "Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account."
+msgstr "Вилучити діапазон підлеглих GID з облікового запису користувача."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:487
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the "
+"removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid "
+"range is added."
+msgstr ""
+"Цей параметр можна вказати декілька разів, щоб вилучити декілька діапазонів "
+"з облікового запису користувача. Якщо вказано одразу <_:option-1/> і <_:"
+"option-2/>, вилучення усіх підлеглих діапазонів GID станеться до додавання "
+"будь-яких підлеглих GID."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:504
+msgid ""
+"defines the SELinux user to be mapped with <_:replaceable-1/>. An empty "
+"string (\"\") will remove the respective entry (if any). Note that the "
+"shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses semanage(8) for that."
+msgstr ""
+"Визначає пов'язаного користувача SELinux за допомогою <_:replaceable-1/>. "
+"Якщо вказати порожній рядок (\"\"), відповідний запис (якщо такий був) буде "
+"вилучено. Зауважте, що система shadow не зберігає користувача selinux, а "
+"використовує для цього semanage(8)."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:518
+msgid ""
+"You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes "
+"when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the "
+"user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. <_:command-1/> "
+"checks this on Linux. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check "
+"if the user is logged in."
+msgstr ""
+"Вам слід переконатися, що від імені вказаного користувача не виконується "
+"жодних процесів на момент віддання цієї команди, якщо вносяться зміни до "
+"числового ідентифікатора користувача, імені користувача або домашнього "
+"каталогу користувача. У Linux перевірку цього виконує <_:command-1/>. У "
+"інших операційних системах програма використовує лише utmp для перевірки "
+"того, чи увійшов користувач до системи."
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:527
+msgid "crontab"
+msgstr "crontab"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:528
+msgid "at"
+msgstr "at"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:526
+msgid ""
+"You must change the owner of any <_:command-1/> files or <_:command-2/> jobs "
+"manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Вам слід змінити власника усіх файлів <_:command-1/> або завдань <_:"
+"command-2/> вручну."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:530
+msgid "You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS server."
+msgstr "Вам слід внести усі зміни щодо NIS на сервері NIS."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:559
+msgid "Group account information"
+msgstr "Відомості щодо груп облікових записів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:565
+msgid "Secure group account informatio."
+msgstr "Відомості щодо захищених груп облікових записів."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:571
+msgid "Shadow password suite configuration"
+msgstr "Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:577
+msgid "User account information"
+msgstr "Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:583
+msgid "Secure user account information"
+msgstr "Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:589
+msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs"
+msgstr "Окремі для користувачів ідентифікатори підлеглих груп"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:595
+msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs"
+msgstr "Окремі для користувачів ідентифікатори підлеглих користувачів"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:43 vipw.8.xml.out:57 vipw.8.xml.out:67 vipw.8.xml.out:86
+msgid "vigr"
+msgstr "vigr"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:44
+msgid "edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file"
+msgstr "редагування файла паролів, груп, прихованих паролів та прихованих груп"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "$VISUAL"
+msgstr "$VISUAL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "$EDITOR"
+msgstr "$EDITOR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:77 vipw.8.xml.out:205
+msgid "vi"
+msgstr "vi"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:66
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands edits the files <_:filename-3/"
+"> and <_:filename-4/>, respectively. With the <_:option-5/> flag, they will "
+"edit the shadow versions of those files, <_:filename-6/> and <_:filename-7/"
+">, respectively. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file "
+"corruption. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the "
+"environment variable <_:envar-8/>, then the environment variable <_:envar-9/"
+">, and finally the default editor, <_:citerefentry-10/>."
+msgstr ""
+"Команди <_:command-1/> і <_:command-2/> призначено для редагування файлів <_:"
+"filename-3/> і <_:filename-4/>, відповідно. З прапорцем <_:option-5/> вони "
+"відкриватимуть shadow-версії цих файлів, <_:filename-6/> і <_:filename-7/>, "
+"відповідно. Ці програми встановлюють відповідні блокування для запобігання "
+"пошкодженню файлів. При пошуку редактора програми спочатку намагатимуться "
+"скористатися вмістом змінної середовища <_:envar-8/>, потім змінної "
+"середовища <_:envar-9/>, і нарешті, типовим редактором, <_:citerefentry-10/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:84
+msgid ""
+"The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands "
+"are:"
+msgstr ""
+"Параметри, які застосовують до команд <_:command-1/> і <_:command-2/>, є "
+"такими:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "Edit group database."
+msgstr "Редагувати базу даних груп."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:102
+msgid "--passwd"
+msgstr "--passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "Edit passwd database."
+msgstr "Редагувати базу даних passwd."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127
+msgid "--shadow"
+msgstr "--shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "Edit shadow or gshadow database."
+msgstr "Редагувати базу даних shadow або gshadow."
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "Indicates which user's tcb shadow file to edit."
+msgstr "Вказує, який файл tcb shadow користувача слід редагувати."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:154
+msgid "ENVIRONMENT"
+msgstr "СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:157 vipw.8.xml.out:165
+msgid "VISUAL"
+msgstr "VISUAL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:159
+msgid "Editor to be used."
+msgstr "Редактор, яким слід скористатися."
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:163
+msgid "EDITOR"
+msgstr "EDITOR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:165
+msgid "Editor to be used if <_:option-1/> is not set."
+msgstr ""
+"Редактор, яким слід скористатися, що не встановлено значення <_:option-1/>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:220
+msgid "tcb"
+msgstr "tcb"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:203
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/> <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/> <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>."
+
+#~ msgid "4.11.1"
+#~ msgstr "4.11.1"
+
+#~| msgid "<option>USE_TCB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgid "<_:option-1/> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<_:option-1/> (булеве значення)"
+
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> password shadowing "
+#~| "scheme will be used."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <_:replaceable-1/>, the <_:citerefentry-2/> password shadowing scheme "
+#~ "will be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо <_:replaceable-1/>, буде використано схему приховування паролів <_:"
+#~ "citerefentry-2/>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <_:replaceable-1/>, the <_:command-2/> program will require "
+#~ "authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо <_:replaceable-1/>, програма <_:command-2/> вимагатиме від "
+#~ "користувача пройти розпізнавання до внесення будь-яких змін, якщо "
+#~ "програму не запущено від імені надкористувача."
+
+#~ msgid "CHFN_RESTRICT"
+#~ msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT"
+
+#~| msgid "<option>MAIL_DIR</option> (string)"
+#~ msgid "<_:option-1/> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<_:option-1/> (рядок)"
+
+#~ msgid "gecos"
+#~ msgstr "gecos"
+
+#~| msgid "-f"
+#~ msgid "f"
+#~ msgstr "f"
+
+#~| msgid "-r"
+#~ msgid "r"
+#~ msgstr "r"
+
+#~ msgid "w"
+#~ msgstr "w"
+
+#~| msgid "-h"
+#~ msgid "h"
+#~ msgstr "h"
+
+#~ msgid "rwh"
+#~ msgstr "rwh"
+
+#~ msgid "frwh"
+#~ msgstr "frwh"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This parameter specifies which values in the <_:emphasis-1/> field of the "
+#~ "<_:filename-2/> file may be changed by regular users using the <_:"
+#~ "command-3/> program. It can be any combination of letters <_:"
+#~ "replaceable-4/>, <_:replaceable-5/>, <_:replaceable-6/>, <_:replaceable-7/"
+#~ ">, for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and Home phone, respectively. "
+#~ "For backward compatibility, <_:replaceable-8/> is equivalent to <_:"
+#~ "replaceable-9/> and <_:replaceable-10/> is equivalent to <_:"
+#~ "replaceable-11/>. If not specified, only the superuser can make any "
+#~ "changes. The most restrictive setting is better achieved by not "
+#~ "installing <_:command-12/> SUID."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Цей параметр вказує, які значення у полі <_:emphasis-1/> файла <_:"
+#~ "filename-2/> може бути змінено звичайними користувачами за допомогою "
+#~ "програми <_:command-3/>. Він може бути будь-якою комбінацією літер <_:"
+#~ "replaceable-4/>, <_:replaceable-5/>, <_:replaceable-6/>, <_:replaceable-7/"
+#~ "> для повного імені, номера кімнати, робочого телефону та домашнього "
+#~ "телефону, відповідно. Для зворотної сумісності <_:replaceable-8/> є "
+#~ "еквівалентом <_:replaceable-9/>, а <_:replaceable-10/> є еквівалентом <_:"
+#~ "replaceable-11/>. Якщо не вказано, лише надкористувач зможе вносити "
+#~ "зміни. Найбільш обмежену конфігурацію можна отримати, якщо не "
+#~ "встановлювати SUID для <_:command-12/>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The string used for prompting a password. The default is to use "
+#~ "\"Password: \", or a translation of that string. If you set this "
+#~ "variable, the prompt will not be translated."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Рядок, який буде використано для запитів щодо пароля. Типовим є "
+#~ "використання рядка «Password: » або перекладу цього рядка. Якщо ви "
+#~ "встановите значення цієї змінної, запит не буде перекладено."
+
+#~ msgid "%s"
+#~ msgstr "%s"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If the string contains <_:replaceable-1/>, this will be replaced by the "
+#~ "user's name."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо у рядку міститься <_:replaceable-1/>, це значення буде замінено на "
+#~ "ім'я користувача."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting "
+#~ "passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Визначає типовий алгоритм шифрування системи для шифрування паролів (якщо "
+#~ "алгоритм не було вказано у рядку команди)."
+
+#~ msgid "DES"
+#~ msgstr "DES"
+
+#~ msgid "MD5"
+#~ msgstr "MD5"
+
+#~ msgid "SHA256"
+#~ msgstr "SHA256"
+
+#~ msgid "SHA512"
+#~ msgstr "SHA512"
+
+#~ msgid ", <_:replaceable-1/>, <_:replaceable-2/>"
+#~ msgstr ", <_:replaceable-1/>, <_:replaceable-2/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "It can take one of these values: <_:replaceable-1/> (default), <_:"
+#~ "replaceable-2/><_:phrase-3/>. MD5 and DES should not be used for new "
+#~ "hashes, see <_:refentrytitle-4/><_:manvolnum-5/> for recommendations."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Може приймати одне з таких значень: <_:replaceable-1/> (типове), <_:"
+#~ "replaceable-2/><_:phrase-3/>. MD5 і DES не слід використовувати для нових "
+#~ "хешів, див. рекомендації у <_:refentrytitle-4/><_:manvolnum-5/>."
+
+#~ msgid "Note: this parameter overrides the <_:option-1/> variable."
+#~ msgstr "Зауваження: цей параметр має пріоритет над змінною <_:option-1/>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords. The generation "
+#~ "of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration. It "
+#~ "is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM "
+#~ "configuration."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Зауваження: це стосується лише створення паролів груп. Створення паролів "
+#~ "користувачів буде виконано PAM і визначається налаштуваннями PAM. "
+#~ "Рекомендуємо встановити для цієї змінної узгоджене із налаштуваннями PAM "
+#~ "значення."
+
+#~| msgid "<option>SUB_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<_:option-1/> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<_:option-1/> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group "
+#~ "entry (line) is started in <_:filename-1/> (with the same name, same "
+#~ "password, and same GID)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Максимальна кількість учасників для одного запису групи. Коли буде "
+#~ "досягнуто максимального значення, програма розпочне новий запис (рядок) "
+#~ "групи у <_:filename-1/> (із тією самою назвою, тим самим паролем і тим "
+#~ "самим GID)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of "
+#~ "members in a group."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Типовий є значення 0, що означає, що обмеження на кількість учасників у "
+#~ "групі не накладатимуться."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the "
+#~ "group file. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not "
+#~ "larger than 1024 characters."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Ця можливість (поділ груп) призначено для обмеження довжини рядків у "
+#~ "файлі груп. Це корисно для забезпечення того, щоб рядки у групах NIS не "
+#~ "ставали довшими за 1024 символів."
+
+#~ msgid "If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо вам потрібно примусово встановити таке обмеження, ви можете "
+#~ "скористатися значенням 25."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow "
+#~ "toolsuite). You should not use this variable unless you really need it."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Зауваження: підтримку поділу груп не обов'язково передбачено в усіх "
+#~ "програмах (навіть у засобах комплексу Shadow). Вам не слід користуватися "
+#~ "цією змінною, якщо у ній немає потреби."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5-based algorithm. If "
+#~ "set to <_:replaceable-1/>, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5-"
+#~ "based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of "
+#~ "FreeBSD. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt "
+#~ "strings. Set to <_:replaceable-2/> if you need to copy encrypted "
+#~ "passwords to other systems which don't understand the new algorithm. "
+#~ "Default is <_:replaceable-3/>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Визначає, чи має бути зашифровано паролі за допомогою алгоритму на основі "
+#~ "MD5. Якщо встановлено значення <_:replaceable-1/>, нові паролі буде "
+#~ "зашифровано за допомогою алгоритму на основі MD5, який сумісний із "
+#~ "алгоритмом, який використано у нещодавніх випусках FreeBSD. Передбачено "
+#~ "підтримку паролів необмеженої довжини і довші рядки бази шифрування. "
+#~ "Встановіть значення <_:replaceable-2/>, якщо вам потрібно скопіювати "
+#~ "зашифровані паролі до інших систем, які не розуміють нового алгоритму. "
+#~ "Типовим є значення <_:replaceable-3/>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This variable is superseded by the <_:option-1/> variable or by any "
+#~ "command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Пріоритет над цією змінною має змінна <_:option-1/> або будь-який "
+#~ "параметр рядка команди, який використано для налаштовування алгоритму "
+#~ "шифрування."
+
+#~ msgid "This variable is deprecated. You should use <_:option-1/>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Ця змінна вважається застарілою. Вам слід користуватися <_:option-1/>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "When <_:option-1/> is set to <_:replaceable-2/> or <_:replaceable-3/>, "
+#~ "this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by "
+#~ "default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо для <_:option-1/> встановлено значення <_:replaceable-2/> або <_:"
+#~ "replaceable-3/>, визначає кількість проходів SHA, яку буде типово "
+#~ "використано алгоритмом шифрування (якщо кількість проходів не встановлено "
+#~ "у рядку команди)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password. "
+#~ "But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate "
+#~ "users."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Зі збільшенням числа проходів зростає складність визначення пароля "
+#~ "простим перебиранням. Але, слід також зауважити, зростає і навантаження "
+#~ "на процесор при розпізнаванні користувачів."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds "
+#~ "(5000), which is orders of magnitude too low for modern hardware."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо не вказано, libc вибере типову кількість проходів (5000), а це "
+#~ "значення, що на порядки нижче за можливості сучасного обладнання."
+
+#~ msgid "The values must be inside the 1000-999,999,999 range."
+#~ msgstr "Значення мають перебувати у діапазоні 1000-999999999."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If only one of the <_:option-1/> or <_:option-2/> values is set, then "
+#~ "this value will be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо встановлено лише одне зі значень, <_:option-1/> або <_:option-2/>, "
+#~ "буде використано саме встановлене значення."
+
+#~ msgid "If <_:option-1/> &gt; <_:option-2/>, the highest value will be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо <_:option-1/> &gt; <_:option-2/>, буде використано найбільше "
+#~ "значення."
+
+#~ msgid "CHSH_AUTH"
+#~ msgstr "CHSH_AUTH"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Groupnames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed "
+#~ "by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with "
+#~ "a dollar sign. In regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Назви груп мають починатися із малої літери або символу підкреслення. "
+#~ "Далі, можна використовувати малі літери латинки, цифри, символи "
+#~ "підкреслення та дефіси. Назви можуть завершуватися символом долара. У "
+#~ "термінах формальних виразів: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by <_:"
+#~ "command-1/>, <_:command-2/>, or <_:command-3/>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Діапазон ідентифікаторів груп, які буде використано для створення "
+#~ "звичайних груп у <_:command-1/>, <_:command-2/> або <_:command-3/>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <_:option-1/> (resp. <_:option-2/>) is 1000 (resp. "
+#~ "60000)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Типовим значенням для <_:option-1/> (відповідно, <_:option-2/>) є 1000 "
+#~ "(відповідно, 60000)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by <_:command-1/"
+#~ ">, <_:command-2/>, or <_:command-3/>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Діапазон ідентифікаторів груп, які буде використано для створення "
+#~ "загальносистемних груп у <_:command-1/>, <_:command-2/> або <_:command-3/"
+#~ ">."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <_:option-1/> (resp. <_:option-2/>) is 101 (resp. "
+#~ "<_:option-3/>-1)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Типовим значенням для <_:option-1/> (відповідно, <_:option-2/>) є 101 "
+#~ "(відповідно, <_:option-3/>-1)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated. "
+#~ "As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and "
+#~ "authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog "
+#~ "file for them."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Найбільший числовий ідентифікатор користувача, для якого має бути "
+#~ "оновлено записи lastlog. Оскільки великі числові ідентифікатори "
+#~ "користувачів, зазвичай, відповідають профілям віддалених користувачів і "
+#~ "службам розпізнавання, немає потреби створювати для них величезні "
+#~ "розріджені файли lastlog."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "No <_:option-1/> option present in the configuration means that there is "
+#~ "no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Те, що у налаштуваннях немає параметра <_:option-1/>, означатиме, що "
+#~ "немає обмежень на ідентифікатор користувача для записування lastlog."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, either full pathname of a file containing device names (one "
+#~ "per line) or a \":\" delimited list of device names. Root logins will be "
+#~ "allowed only upon these devices."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо визначено, або повний шлях до файла, що містить назви пристроїв (по "
+#~ "одному на рядок), або список відокремлених «:» назв пристроїв. Вхід від "
+#~ "імені root буде дозволено лише з цих пристроїв."
+
+#~ msgid "If not defined, root will be allowed on any device."
+#~ msgstr "Якщо не визначено, root буде дозволено на будь-якому пристрої."
+
+#~ msgid "The device should be specified without the /dev/ prefix."
+#~ msgstr "Пристрій слід вказати без префікса /dev/."
+
+#~ msgid "CONSOLE_GROUPS"
+#~ msgstr "CONSOLE_GROUPS"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "List of groups to add to the user's supplementary groups set when logging "
+#~ "in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting). Default is "
+#~ "none. <_:para-1/> Use with caution - it is possible for users to gain "
+#~ "permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Список груп, які слід додати до допоміжних груп користувача, які "
+#~ "встановлено при вході у консолі (як її визначено за допомогою параметра "
+#~ "CONSOLE). Типово, не визначено жодної такої групи. <_:para-1/> "
+#~ "Користуйтеся обережно: користувачі можуть отримати постійний доступ до "
+#~ "цих груп, навіть коли вони не увійшли до системи у консолі."
+
+#~ msgid "DEFAULT_HOME"
+#~ msgstr "DEFAULT_HOME"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Indicate if login is allowed if we can't cd to the home directory. "
+#~ "Default is no."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Вказує на те, ви можливий вхід, якщо неможливо перейти до домашнього "
+#~ "каталогу. Типовим варіантом є «ні, неможливий»."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set to <_:replaceable-1/>, the user will login in the root (<_:"
+#~ "filename-2/>) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо встановлено значення <_:replaceable-1/>, вхід буде здійснено до "
+#~ "кореневого каталогу (<_:filename-2/>), якщо не вдасться перейти до "
+#~ "домашнього каталогу користувача."
+
+#~ msgid "HZ="
+#~ msgstr "HZ="
+
+#~ msgid "HZ=100"
+#~ msgstr "HZ=100"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user "
+#~ "login. The value must be preceded by <_:replaceable-1/>. A common value "
+#~ "on Linux is <_:replaceable-2/>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо встановлено, буде використано для визначення змінної середовища HZ "
+#~ "при вході користувача до системи. Перед значенням має бути вказано <_:"
+#~ "replaceable-1/>. Типовим значенням у Linux є <_:replaceable-2/>."
+
+#~ msgid "HZ"
+#~ msgstr "HZ"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <_:envar-1/> environment variable is only set when the user (the "
+#~ "superuser) logs in with <_:command-2/>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Значення змінної середовища <_:envar-1/> буде встановлено, лише якщо "
+#~ "користувач (надкористувач) входить за допомогою <_:command-2/>."
+
+#~| msgid "$PATH"
+#~ msgid "PATH="
+#~ msgstr "PATH="
+
+#~ msgid "PATH=/bin:/usr/bin"
+#~ msgstr "PATH=/bin:/usr/bin"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a "
+#~ "regular user login. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for "
+#~ "example <_:replaceable-1/>) and can be preceded by <_:replaceable-2/>. "
+#~ "The default value is <_:replaceable-3/>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо встановлено, значення буде використано для визначення змінної "
+#~ "середовища PATH при вході від імені звичайного користувача. Значенням "
+#~ "буде список відокремлених двокрапками шляхів (наприклад, <_:replaceable-1/"
+#~ ">). Перед списком може бути вказано <_:replaceable-2/>. Типовим значенням "
+#~ "є <_:replaceable-3/>."
+
+#~ msgid "PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
+#~ msgstr "PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the "
+#~ "superuser login. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for "
+#~ "example <_:replaceable-1/>) and can be preceded by <_:replaceable-2/>. "
+#~ "The default value is <_:replaceable-3/>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо встановлено, значення буде використано для визначення змінної "
+#~ "середовища PATH при вході від імені надкористувача. Значенням буде список "
+#~ "відокремлених двокрапками шляхів (наприклад, <_:replaceable-1/>). Перед "
+#~ "списком може бути вказано <_:replaceable-2/>. Типовим значенням є <_:"
+#~ "replaceable-3/>."
+
+#~ msgid "TZ="
+#~ msgstr "TZ="
+
+#~ msgid "TZ=CST6CDT"
+#~ msgstr "TZ=CST6CDT"
+
+#~| msgid "/etc/porttime"
+#~ msgid "/etc/tzname"
+#~ msgstr "/etc/tzname"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user "
+#~ "login. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by <_:"
+#~ "replaceable-1/> (for example <_:replaceable-2/>), or the full path to the "
+#~ "file containing the timezone specification (for example <_:filename-3/>)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо встановлено, буде використано для встановлення значення змінної "
+#~ "середовища TZ при вході користувача до системи. Значенням може бути назва "
+#~ "часового поясу з префіксом <_:replaceable-1/> (наприклад <_:replaceable-2/"
+#~ ">) або повний шлях до файла, що містить специфікацію часового поясу "
+#~ "(наприклад <_:filename-3/>)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be "
+#~ "read, the default is to use <_:replaceable-1/>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо вказано повний шлях, але файла не існує або файл не вдасться "
+#~ "прочитати, типовим є використання <_:replaceable-1/>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If this file exists and is readable, login environment will be read from "
+#~ "it. Every line should be in the form name=value."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо цей файл існує і він є придатним до читання, з нього буде прочитано "
+#~ "середовище для входу. Кожен рядок має бути записано у формі "
+#~ "«назва=значення»."
+
+#~ msgid "Lines starting with a # are treated as comment lines and ignored."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Рядки, які починаються з символу #, вважатимуться коментарями. Такі рядки "
+#~ "буде проігноровано."
+
+#~ msgid "ERASECHAR"
+#~ msgstr "ERASECHAR"
+
+#~| msgid "10"
+#~ msgid "010"
+#~ msgstr "010"
+
+#~ msgid "0177"
+#~ msgstr "0177"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Terminal ERASE character (<_:replaceable-1/> = backspace, <_:"
+#~ "replaceable-2/> = DEL)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Символ ERASE термінала (<_:replaceable-1/> = забій, <_:replaceable-2/> = "
+#~ "DEL)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The value can be prefixed \"0\" for an octal value, or \"0x\" for an "
+#~ "hexadecimal value."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "До значення можна дописати префікс «0» для вісімкових чисел або «0x» для "
+#~ "шістнадцяткових чисел."
+
+#~ msgid "FAIL_DELAY"
+#~ msgstr "FAIL_DELAY"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Delay in seconds before being allowed another attempt after a login "
+#~ "failure."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Затримка у секундах, перш ніж буде дозволено повторну спробу після "
+#~ "невдалої спроби увійти."
+
+#~ msgid "Enable logging and display of <_:filename-1/> login failure info."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Увімкнути журналювання та показ відомостей щодо помилок при вході з <_:"
+#~ "filename-1/>."
+
+#~ msgid "FAKE_SHELL"
+#~ msgstr "FAKE_SHELL"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, <_:command-1/> will execute this shell instead of the users' "
+#~ "shell specified in <_:filename-2/>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо встановлено, <_:command-1/> виконуватиме цю командну оболонку, "
+#~ "замість командної оболонки користувача, яку вказано у <_:filename-2/>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, login failures will be logged in this file in a utmp format."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо визначено, невдалі спроби увійти буде записано до цього файла у "
+#~ "форматі utmp."
+
+#~ msgid "HUSHLOGIN_FILE"
+#~ msgstr "HUSHLOGIN_FILE"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, this file can inhibit all the usual chatter during the login "
+#~ "sequence. If a full pathname is specified, then hushed mode will be "
+#~ "enabled if the user's name or shell are found in the file. If not a full "
+#~ "pathname, then hushed mode will be enabled if the file exists in the "
+#~ "user's home directory."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо визначено, цей файл може прибрати увесь звичайний обмін "
+#~ "повідомленнями під час послідовності входу до системи. Якщо вказано "
+#~ "повний шлях до файла, тихий режим буде увімкнено, якщо у файлі буде "
+#~ "знайдено ім'я або командну оболонку користувача. Якщо повний шлях вказано "
+#~ "не буде, тихий режим буде увімкнено, якщо файл зберігається у домашньому "
+#~ "каталозі користувача."
+
+#~ msgid "If defined, this file will be displayed before each login prompt."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо визначено, вміст цього файла буде показано перед кожним запитом щодо "
+#~ "входу до системи."
+
+#~ msgid "KILLCHAR"
+#~ msgstr "KILLCHAR"
+
+#~ msgid "025"
+#~ msgstr "025"
+
+#~ msgid "Terminal KILL character (<_:replaceable-1/> = CTRL/U)."
+#~ msgstr "Символ KILL термінала (<_:replaceable-1/> = CTRL/U)."
+
+#~| msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+#~ msgid "LASTLOG_ENAB"
+#~ msgstr "LASTLOG_ENAB"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable logging and display of /var/log/lastlog login time info."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Увімкнути запис до журналу і виведення даних щодо часу входу до системи "
+#~ "з /var/log/lastlog."
+
+#~ msgid "LOGIN_RETRIES"
+#~ msgstr "LOGIN_RETRIES"
+
+#~ msgid "Maximum number of login retries in case of bad password."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Максимальна кількість можливих повторних спроб увійти, якщо пароль "
+#~ "вказано неправильно."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This will most likely be overridden by PAM, since the default pam_unix "
+#~ "module has its own built in of 3 retries. However, this is a safe "
+#~ "fallback in case you are using an authentication module that does not "
+#~ "enforce PAM_MAXTRIES."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Це значення, найімовірніше, буде перевизначено PAM, оскільки у типового "
+#~ "модуля pam_unix є своє вбудоване значення — 3 спроби. Втім, це безпечне "
+#~ "резервне значення, якщо ви використовуєте модуль розпізнавання, який не "
+#~ "визначає примусово PAM_MAXTRIES."
+
+#~ msgid "LOGIN_TIMEOUT"
+#~ msgstr "LOGIN_TIMEOUT"
+
+#~ msgid "Max time in seconds for login."
+#~ msgstr "Максимальний час на вхід у секундах."
+
+#~ msgid "LOG_OK_LOGINS"
+#~ msgstr "LOG_OK_LOGINS"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable logging of successful logins."
+#~ msgstr "Увімкнути записування до журналу успішних входів до системи."
+
+#~| msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+#~ msgid "LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB"
+#~ msgstr "LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable display of unknown usernames when login failures are recorded."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Увімкнути показ невідомих імен користувачів, якщо ведеться запис невдалих "
+#~ "спроб увійти до системи."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: logging unknown usernames may be a security issue if an user enter "
+#~ "her password instead of her login name."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Зауваження: записування до журналу невідомих імен користувачів може "
+#~ "знизити рівень захисту системи: користувач може ввести пароль замість "
+#~ "власного імені."
+
+#~ msgid "MAIL_CHECK_ENAB"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL_CHECK_ENAB"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable checking and display of mailbox status upon login."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Увімкнути перевірку та виведення стану поштової скриньки після входу."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You should disable it if the shell startup files already check for mail "
+#~ "(\"mailx -e\" or equivalent)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Вам слід вимкнути це, якщо файли запуску оболонки вже перевіряють пошту "
+#~ "(«mailx -e» або подібна команда)."
+
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The mail spool directory. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when "
+#~| "its corresponding user account is modified or deleted. If not specified, "
+#~| "a compile-time default is used."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The mail spool directory. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when "
+#~ "its corresponding user account is modified or deleted. If not specified, "
+#~ "a compile-time default is used. The parameter CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL in <_:"
+#~ "filename-1/> determines whether the mail spool should be created."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Каталог буфера пошти. Цей каталог потрібен для обробки поштової скриньки, "
+#~ "якщо відповідний обліковий запис користувача змінено або вилучено. Якщо "
+#~ "каталог не вказано, буде використано типове значення, яке визначено під "
+#~ "час компіляції. Параметр CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL у <_:filename-1/> визначає, чи "
+#~ "має бути створено буфер пошти."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their "
+#~ "home directory."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Визначає місце файлів буферів пошти користувачів відносно домашнього "
+#~ "каталогу."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> variables are used by <_:command-3/>, "
+#~ "<_:command-4/>, and <_:command-5/> to create, move, or delete the user's "
+#~ "mail spool."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Змінні <_:option-1/> і <_:option-2/> буде використано <_:command-3/>, <_:"
+#~ "command-4/> і <_:command-5/> для створення, пересування або вилучення "
+#~ "буфера пошти користувача."
+
+#~ msgid "MAIL"
+#~ msgstr "MAIL"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <_:option-1/> is set to <_:replaceable-2/>, they are also used to "
+#~ "define the <_:envar-3/> environment variable."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо для <_:option-1/> встановлено значення <_:replaceable-2/>, їх також "
+#~ "буде використано для визначення змінної середовища <_:envar-3/>."
+
+#~| msgid "FILE"
+#~ msgid "MOTD_FILE"
+#~ msgstr "MOTD_FILE"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, \":\" delimited list of \"message of the day\" files to be "
+#~ "displayed upon login."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо визначено, під час входу до системи буде показано вміст файлів "
+#~ "відокремлених двокрапками «повідомлень дня»."
+
+#~ msgid "NOLOGINS_FILE"
+#~ msgstr "NOLOGINS_FILE"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, name of file whose presence will inhibit non-root logins. The "
+#~ "contents of this file should be a message indicating why logins are "
+#~ "inhibited."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо визначено, назва файла, чия наявність заважатиме входити будь-кому, "
+#~ "окрім root. Вмістом цього файла має бути повідомлення, яке пояснюватиме "
+#~ "причину неможливості входу."
+
+#~ msgid "PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB"
+#~ msgstr "PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable checking of time restrictions specified in <_:filename-1/>."
+#~ msgstr "Увімкнути перевірку обмежень часу, які вказано у <_:filename-1/>."
+
+#~ msgid "QUOTAS_ENAB"
+#~ msgstr "QUOTAS_ENAB"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable setting of resource limits from <_:filename-1/> and ulimit, umask, "
+#~ "and niceness from the user's passwd gecos field."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Увімкнути встановлення обмежень щодо ресурсів з <_:filename-1/> і ulimit, "
+#~ "umask та niceness з поля gecos файла passwd користувача."
+
+#~| msgid "GROUP"
+#~ msgid "TTYGROUP"
+#~ msgstr "TTYGROUP"
+
+#~ msgid "TTYPERM"
+#~ msgstr "TTYPERM"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the <_:option-1/"
+#~ "> group, and the permissions will be set to <_:option-2/>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Права доступу до термінала: власником термінала входу буде група <_:"
+#~ "option-1/>, а для прав доступу буде встановлено значення <_:option-2/>."
+
+#~ msgid "0600"
+#~ msgstr "0600"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user's primary "
+#~ "group and the permissions are set to <_:replaceable-1/>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Типово, власником термінала є основна група користувача, а типовими "
+#~ "правами доступу є <_:replaceable-1/>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<_:option-1/> can be either the name of a group or a numeric group "
+#~ "identifier."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Значенням <_:option-1/> може бути або назва групи, або числовий "
+#~ "ідентифікатор групи."
+
+#~ msgid "write"
+#~ msgstr "write"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If you have a <_:command-1/> program which is \"setgid\" to a special "
+#~ "group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the group number and "
+#~ "TTYPERM to 0620. Otherwise leave TTYGROUP commented out and assign "
+#~ "TTYPERM to either 622 or 600."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо у вашій системі <_:command-1/> для «setgid» встановлено значення "
+#~ "особливої групи, яка є власником терміналів, визначте для TTYGROUP "
+#~ "значення номера групи, а для TTYPERM — 0620. Якщо не хочете цього робити, "
+#~ "лишіть запис TTYGROUP закоментованим і встановіть для TTYPERM значення "
+#~ "622 або 600."
+
+#~ msgid "TTYTYPE_FILE"
+#~ msgstr "TTYTYPE_FILE"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, file which maps tty line to TERM environment parameter. Each "
+#~ "line of the file is in a format something like \"vt100 tty01\"."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо визначено, файл, який пов'язує рядок термінала із параметром "
+#~ "середовища TERM. Кожен рядок цього файла має бути записано у форматі, "
+#~ "подібному до «vt100 tty01»."
+
+#~ msgid "ULIMIT"
+#~ msgstr "ULIMIT"
+
+#~| msgid "limits"
+#~ msgid "ulimit"
+#~ msgstr "ulimit"
+
+#~ msgid "Default <_:command-1/> value."
+#~ msgstr "Типове значення <_:command-1/>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value. If not "
+#~ "specified, the mask will be initialized to 022."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Маску режиму доступу для створення файлів буде встановлено у це значення. "
+#~ "Якщо не вказано, маску буде ініціалізовано у значення 022."
+
+#~ msgid "HOME_MODE"
+#~ msgstr "HOME_MODE"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> use this mask to set the mode of the "
+#~ "home directory they create if <_:option-3/> is not set."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<_:command-1/> і <_:command-2/> використовують цю маску для встановлення "
+#~ "режиму доступу до домашнього каталогу, який вони створюють, якщо не "
+#~ "встановлено <_:option-3/>."
+
+#~ msgid "K"
+#~ msgstr "K"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "It is also used by <_:command-1/> to define users' initial umask. Note "
+#~ "that this mask can be overridden by the user's GECOS line (if <_:option-2/"
+#~ "> is set) or by the specification of a limit with the <_:emphasis-3/> "
+#~ "identifier in <_:citerefentry-4/>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Також використовується командою <_:command-1/> для визначення початкової "
+#~ "umask користувачів. Зауважте, що цю маску можна перевизначити рядком "
+#~ "GECOS користувача (якщо встановлено <_:option-2/>) або за допомогою "
+#~ "задання обмеження за допомогою ідентифікатора <_:emphasis-3/> у <_:"
+#~ "citerefentry-4/>."
+
+#~ msgid "pam_umask"
+#~ msgstr "pam_umask"
+
+#~ msgid "It is also used by <_:command-1/> as the default umask value."
+#~ msgstr "Також використовується <_:command-1/> як типове значення umask."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits "
+#~ "(examples: 022 -&gt; 002, 077 -&gt; 007) for non-root users, if the uid "
+#~ "is the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Увімкнути встановлення бітів групи umask у таке саме значення, що і біти "
+#~ "власника (приклади: 022 -&gt; 002, 077 -&gt; 007) для користувачів, "
+#~ "відмінних від root, якщо uid збігається з gid, і ім'я користувача "
+#~ "збігається із назвою основної групи."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set to <_:replaceable-1/>, <_:command-2/> will remove the user's group "
+#~ "if it contains no more members, and <_:command-3/> will create by default "
+#~ "a group with the name of the user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо встановлено значення <_:replaceable-1/>, <_:command-2/> вилучить "
+#~ "групу користувача, якщо у ній більше немає учасників, і <_:command-3/>, "
+#~ "типово, створить групу із такою самою назвою, що і ім'я користувача."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Indicate if a home directory should be created by default for new users."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Визначає, чи слід створювати типовий домашній каталог для створених "
+#~ "записів користувачів."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This setting does not apply to system users, and can be overridden on the "
+#~ "command line."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Цей параметр не стосується загальносистемних користувачів; його можна "
+#~ "перевизначити у рядку команди."
+
+#~ msgid "HMAC_CRYPTO_ALGO"
+#~ msgstr "HMAC_CRYPTO_ALGO"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Used to select the HMAC cryptography algorithm that the pam_timestamp "
+#~ "module is going to use to calculate the keyed-hash message authentication "
+#~ "code."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Використовують для вибору алгоритму шифрування HMAC, який використає "
+#~ "модуль pam_timestamp для обчислення коду розпізнавання з шифрованим "
+#~ "ключем повідомлення."
+
+#~ msgid "hmac"
+#~ msgstr "hmac"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: Check <_:refentrytitle-1/><_:manvolnum-2/> to see the possible "
+#~ "algorithms that are available in your system."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Зауваження: ознайомтеся із <_:refentrytitle-1/><_:manvolnum-2/>, щоб "
+#~ "дізнатися більше про доступні у вашій системі алгоритми."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The mode for new home directories. If not specified, the <_:option-1/> is "
+#~ "used to create the mode."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Режим доступу для нових домашніх каталогів. Якщо не вказано, для "
+#~ "створення режиму буде використано <_:option-1/>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> use this to set the mode of the home "
+#~ "directory they create."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<_:command-1/> і <_:command-2/> використовують це для встановлення режиму "
+#~ "доступу до домашнього каталогу, який вони створюють."
+
+#~ msgid "NONEXISTENT"
+#~ msgstr "NONEXISTENT"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If a system account intentionally does not have a home directory that "
+#~ "exists, this string can be provided in the /etc/passwd entry for the "
+#~ "account to indicate this. The result is that pwck will not emit a "
+#~ "spurious warning for this account."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо у загальносистемного облікового запису спеціально немає домашнього "
+#~ "каталогу, можна вказати цей рядок у записі /etc/passwd для відповідного "
+#~ "облікового запису на позначення цього. У результаті перевірка pwck не "
+#~ "призведе до попередження щодо цього облікового запису."
+
+#~ msgid "OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB"
+#~ msgstr "OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable additional checks upon password changes."
+#~ msgstr "Увімкнути додаткові перевірки щодо змін паролів."
+
+#~ msgid "PASS_ALWAYS_WARN"
+#~ msgstr "PASS_ALWAYS_WARN"
+
+#~ msgid "Warn about weak passwords (but still allow them) if you are root."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Попереджати про прості паролі (але дозволяти їх), якщо у вас є права "
+#~ "доступу root."
+
+#~ msgid "PASS_CHANGE_TRIES"
+#~ msgstr "PASS_CHANGE_TRIES"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Maximum number of attempts to change password if rejected (too easy)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Максимальна кількість спроб для зміни пароля, якщо у дії буде відмовлено "
+#~ "(надто простий)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The maximum number of days a password may be used. If the password is "
+#~ "older than this, a password change will be forced. If not specified, -1 "
+#~ "will be assumed (which disables the restriction)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Максимальна кількість днів, протягом яких можна користуватися паролем. "
+#~ "Якщо вік пароля перевищить вказаний, система вимагатиме від користувача "
+#~ "змінити пароль. Якщо значення не вказано, буде використано значення -1 "
+#~ "(обмеження вимкнено)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The minimum number of days allowed between password changes. Any password "
+#~ "changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected. If not specified, 0 "
+#~ "will be assumed (which disables the restriction)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Мінімальна дозволена кількість днів між змінами паролів. У будь-яких "
+#~ "спробах зміни пароля протягом цієї кількості днів буде відмовлено. Якщо "
+#~ "не вказано, буде використано значення 0 (вимкнути обмеження)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days warning given before a password expires. A zero means "
+#~ "warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means "
+#~ "no warning is given. If not specified, no warning will be provided."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Кількість днів між попередженням про завершення строку дії і завершенням "
+#~ "строку дії. Нульове значення означає, що попередження буде показано лише "
+#~ "у день завершення строку дії. Від'ємне значення означає, що попередження "
+#~ "не буде показано. Якщо не вказано, попередження не буде показано."
+
+#~ msgid "PASS_MAX_LEN"
+#~ msgstr "PASS_MAX_LEN"
+
+#~ msgid "PASS_MIN_LEN"
+#~ msgstr "PASS_MIN_LEN"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Number of significant characters in the password for crypt(). <_:option-1/"
+#~ "> is 8 by default. Don't change unless your crypt() is better. This is "
+#~ "ignored if <_:option-2/> set to <_:replaceable-3/>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Кількість значущих символів у паролі для crypt(). Типовим значенням <_:"
+#~ "option-1/> є 8. Не змінюйте, якщо ваш crypt() не є кращим. Буде "
+#~ "проігноровано, якщо значенням <_:option-2/> є <_:replaceable-3/>."
+
+#~ msgid "SULOG_FILE"
+#~ msgstr "SULOG_FILE"
+
+#~ msgid "If defined, all su activity is logged to this file."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо визначено, усі дії з su буде записано до журналу у цьому файлі."
+
+#~ msgid "SU_NAME"
+#~ msgstr "SU_NAME"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, the command name to display when running \"su -\". For "
+#~ "example, if this is defined as \"su\" then a \"ps\" will display the "
+#~ "command is \"-su\". If not defined, then \"ps\" would display the name of "
+#~ "the shell actually being run, e.g. something like \"-sh\"."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо визначено, назва команди, яку буде показано при запуску «su -». "
+#~ "Наприклад, якщо цю команду визначено як «su», «ps» покаже команду як «-"
+#~ "su». Якщо не визначено, «ps» покаже назву оболонки, яку насправді "
+#~ "запущено, наприклад, щось подібне до «-sh»."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <_:replaceable-1/>, the user must be listed as a member of the first "
+#~ "gid 0 group in <_:filename-2/> (called <_:replaceable-3/> on most Linux "
+#~ "systems) to be able to <_:command-4/> to uid 0 accounts. If the group "
+#~ "doesn't exist or is empty, no one will be able to <_:command-5/> to uid 0."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо <_:replaceable-1/>, запис користувача має бути у списку, як учасник "
+#~ "першої групи gid 0 у <_:filename-2/> (має назву <_:replaceable-3/> у "
+#~ "більшості систем Linux), щоб мати змогу виконувати <_:command-4/> для "
+#~ "облікових записів uid 0. Якщо групи не існує або група є порожньою, ніхто "
+#~ "не зможе виконувати <_:command-5/> для uid 0."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <_:filename-1/> exists, the commands <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/> "
+#~ "(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate <_:option-4/"
+#~ "> unused group IDs from the range <_:option-5/> to <_:option-6/> for each "
+#~ "new user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо існує <_:filename-1/>, команди <_:command-2/> і <_:command-3/> (якщо "
+#~ "у користувача вже немає підлеглих ідентифікаторів груп) розподіляють <_:"
+#~ "option-4/> невикористаних ідентифікаторів груп з діапазону від <_:"
+#~ "option-5/> до <_:option-6/> для кожного нового користувача."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default values for <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/> are "
+#~ "respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Типовими значеннями для <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/> є, "
+#~ "відповідно, 100000, 600100000 і 65536."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <_:filename-1/> exists, the commands <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/> "
+#~ "(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate <_:option-4/"
+#~ "> unused user IDs from the range <_:option-5/> to <_:option-6/> for each "
+#~ "new user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо існує <_:filename-1/>, команди <_:command-2/> і <_:command-3/> (якщо "
+#~ "у користувача вже немає підлеглих ідентифікаторів користувачів) "
+#~ "розподіляють <_:option-4/> невикористаних ідентифікаторів користувачів з "
+#~ "діапазону від <_:option-5/> до <_:option-6/> для кожного нового "
+#~ "користувача."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by <_:command-1/> "
+#~ "or <_:command-2/>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Діапазон ідентифікаторів користувачів для створення загальносистемних "
+#~ "записів користувачів за допомогою <_:command-1/> або <_:command-2/>."
+
+#~ msgid "Enable \"syslog\" logging of <_:command-1/> activity."
+#~ msgstr "Увімкнути записування до «syslog» для завдань <_:command-1/>."
+
+#~| msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+#~ msgid "SYSLOG_SU_ENAB"
+#~ msgstr "SYSLOG_SU_ENAB"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable \"syslog\" logging of <_:command-1/> activity - in addition to "
+#~ "sulog file logging."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Увімкнути записування до «syslog» для завдань <_:command-1/> на додачу до "
+#~ "записування журналу до файла sulog."
+
+#~ msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP"
+#~ msgstr "TCB_AUTH_GROUP"
+
+#~| msgid "suauth"
+#~ msgid "auth"
+#~ msgstr "auth"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <_:replaceable-1/>, newly created tcb shadow files will be group owned "
+#~ "by the <_:replaceable-2/> group."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо <_:replaceable-1/>, власником новостворених файлів shadow tcb буде "
+#~ "група <_:replaceable-2/>."
+
+#~ msgid "TCB_SYMLINKS"
+#~ msgstr "TCB_SYMLINKS"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "if ( UID is less than 1000) { use /etc/tcb/user } else if ( UID is less "
+#~ "than 1000000) { kilos = UID / 1000 use /etc/tcb/:kilos/user make symlink /"
+#~ "etc/tcb/user to the above directory } else { megas = UID / 1000000 kilos "
+#~ "= ( UID / megas * 1000000 ) / 1000 use /etc/tcb/:megas/:kilos/user make "
+#~ "symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory }"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "якщо ( UID менше за 1000) { використати /etc/tcb/user } інакше, якщо "
+#~ "( UID є меншим за 1000000) { kilos = UID / 1000 використати /etc/tcb/:"
+#~ "kilos/user створити символічне посилання /etc/tcb/user на вказаний вище "
+#~ "каталог } інакше { megas = UID / 1000000 kilos = ( UID / megas * "
+#~ "1000000 ) / 1000 використати /etc/tcb/:megas/:kilos/user створити "
+#~ "символічне посилання /etc/tcb/user на вказаний вище каталог }"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <_:replaceable-1/>, the location of the user tcb directory to be "
+#~ "created will not be automatically set to /etc/tcb/user, but will be "
+#~ "computed depending on the UID of the user, according to the following "
+#~ "algorithm: <_:programlisting-2/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо <_:replaceable-1/>, для місця каталогу tcb користувача, який має "
+#~ "бути створено, не буде автоматично встановлено значення /etc/tcb/user. "
+#~ "Значення буде обчислено залежно від UID за таким алгоритмом: <_:"
+#~ "programlisting-2/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by <_:command-1/"
+#~ "> or <_:command-2/>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Діапазон ідентифікаторів користувачів для створення звичайних записів "
+#~ "користувачів за допомогою <_:command-1/> або <_:command-2/>."
+
+#~ msgid "USERDEL_CMD"
+#~ msgstr "USERDEL_CMD"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, this command is run when removing a user. It should remove "
+#~ "any at/cron/print jobs etc. owned by the user to be removed (passed as "
+#~ "the first argument)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Якщо визначено, цю команду буде запущено при вилученні користувача. Вона "
+#~ "має вилучити усі завдання at, cron, друку тощо, власником яких є "
+#~ "користувач, обліковий запис якого буде вилучено (буде передано як перший "
+#~ "аргумент)."
+
+#~ msgid "The return code of the script is not taken into account."
+#~ msgstr "Код, повернутий скриптом, не буде взято до уваги."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "#! /bin/sh # Check for the required argument. if [ $# != 1 ]; then echo "
+#~ "\"Usage: $0 username\" exit 1 fi # Remove cron jobs. crontab -r -u $1 # "
+#~ "Remove at jobs. # Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same "
+#~ "UID, # even if it was shared by a different username. AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/"
+#~ "spool/cron/atjobs find $AT_SPOOL_DIR -name \"[^.]*\" -type f -user $1 -"
+#~ "delete \\; # Remove print jobs. lprm $1 # All done. exit 0"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "#! /bin/sh\n"
+#~ "# Перевіряємо обов'язковий аргумент.\n"
+#~ "if [ $# != 1 ]; then\n"
+#~ "     echo \"Usage: $0 username\"\n"
+#~ "     exit 1\n"
+#~ "fi\n"
+#~ "# Вилучити завдання cron.\n"
+#~ "crontab -r -u $1\n"
+#~ "# Вилучити завдання at.\n"
+#~ "# Зауважте, що буде вилучено усі завдання, власником яких є той самий "
+#~ "UID,\n"
+#~ "# навіть якщо вони є спільними із іншим користувачем.\n"
+#~ "AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs\n"
+#~ "find $AT_SPOOL_DIR -name \"[^.]*\" -type f -user $1 -delete \\;\n"
+#~ "# Вилучити завдання друку.\n"
+#~ "lprm $1\n"
+#~ "# Готово.\n"
+#~ "exit 0"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Here is an example script, which removes the user's cron, at and print "
+#~ "jobs: <_:programlisting-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Ось приклад скрипту, який вилучає завдання cron, at і друку користувача: "
+#~ "<_:programlisting-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Usernames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed "
+#~ "by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with "
+#~ "a dollar sign. In regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Імена користувачів мають починатися із малої літери або символу "
+#~ "підкреслення. Далі, можна використовувати малі літери латинки, цифри, "
+#~ "символи підкреслення та дефіси. Назви можуть завершуватися символом "
+#~ "долара. У термінах формальних виразів: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>КАТАЛОГ_CHROOT</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMENT</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>КОМЕНТАР</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ДОМАШНІЙ_КАТАЛОГ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>НЕАКТИВНИЙ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>ГРУПА</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--move-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--move-home</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>PASSWORD</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ПАРОЛЬ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The encrypted password, as returned by "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Шифрований пароль, як його повертає <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>ОБОЛОНКА</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-v</option>, <option>--add-subuids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-v</option>, <option>--add-subuids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ПЕРШИЙ</replaceable>-<replaceable>ОСТАННІЙ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-V</option>, <option>--del-subuids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-V</option>, <option>--del-subuids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ПЕРШИЙ</replaceable>-<replaceable>ОСТАННІЙ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--add-subgids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--add-subgids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ПЕРШИЙ</replaceable>-<replaceable>ОСТАННІЙ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (рядок)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SUB_GID_MAX</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SUB_UID_MIN</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SUB_UID_MAX</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>TCB_SYMLINKS</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TCB_SYMLINKS</option> (булеве значення)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>USERDEL_CMD</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>USERDEL_CMD</option> (рядок)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> (булеве значення)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--base-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--base-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>БАЗОВИЙ_КАТАЛОГ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ДОМАШНІЙ_КАТАЛОГ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-D</option>, <option>--defaults</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-D</option>, <option>--defaults</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-k</option>, <option>--skel</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SKEL_DIR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-k</option>, <option>--skel</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>КАРКАСНИЙ_КАТАЛОГ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>КЛЮЧ</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>ЗНАЧЕННЯ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--no-log-init</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--no-log-init</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-M</option>, <option>--no-create-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-M</option>, <option>--no-create-home</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>-p</option>, <option>--preserve-environment</"
+#~ "option>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>-p</option>, <option>--preserve-environment</"
+#~ "option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SYSLOG_SG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYSLOG_SG_ENAB</option> (булеве значення)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase condition=\"tcb\">, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_convert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_unconvert</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase condition=\"tcb\">, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_convert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_unconvert</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--read-only</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--read-only</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>НЕАКТИВНИЙ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>ДНІ</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--repository</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--repository</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>СХОВИЩЕ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-S</option>, <option>--status</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-S</option>, <option>--status</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> (рядок)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> (булеве значення)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (булеве значення)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_ALWAYS_WARN</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_ALWAYS_WARN</option> (булеве значення)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_CHANGE_TRIES</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_CHANGE_TRIES</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MIN_LEN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MIN_LEN</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> (число)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ "
+#~ "ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FAILLOG_ENAB</phrase> FAKE_SHELL <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FTMP_FILE</phrase> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">ISSUE_FILE</phrase> KILLCHAR <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LASTLOG_ENAB</phrase> LOGIN_RETRIES <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+#~ "LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR "
+#~ "MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB</"
+#~ "phrase> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ULIMIT "
+#~ "UMASK</phrase> USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ "
+#~ "ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FAILLOG_ENAB</phrase> FAKE_SHELL <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FTMP_FILE</phrase> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">ISSUE_FILE</phrase> KILLCHAR <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LASTLOG_ENAB</phrase> LOGIN_RETRIES <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+#~ "LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR "
+#~ "MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB</"
+#~ "phrase> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ULIMIT "
+#~ "UMASK</phrase> USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ENV_PATH "
+#~ "ENV_SUPATH <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING "
+#~ "MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB</phrase> SULOG_FILE "
+#~ "SU_NAME <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">SU_WHEEL_ONLY</phrase> "
+#~ "SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">USERGROUPS_ENAB</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ENV_PATH "
+#~ "ENV_SUPATH <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING "
+#~ "MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB</phrase> SULOG_FILE "
+#~ "SU_NAME <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">SU_WHEEL_ONLY</phrase> "
+#~ "SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">USERGROUPS_ENAB</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid "ENV_HZ <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr "ENV_HZ <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-C</option>, <option>--clear</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-C</option>, <option>--clear</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>, </citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>, </citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "group name not unique"
+#~ msgstr "назва групи не є унікальною"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>користувач</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>користувач</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove-password</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove-password</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-R</option>, <option>--restrict</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-R</option>, <option>--restrict</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-A</option>, <option>--administrators</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>user</replaceable>,..."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-A</option>, <option>--administrators</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>користувач</replaceable>,..."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-secs</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SEC</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-secs</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>СЕКУНДИ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--maximum</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>MAX</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--maximum</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>МАКСИМУМ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>faillog</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>faillog</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-c</option>, <option>--check</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-c</option>, <option>--check</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-h</option>, <option>--home-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_PHONE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-h</option>, <option>--home-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ДОМАШНІЙ_ТЕЛЕФОН</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>OTHER</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>ІНШЕ</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--room</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ROOM_NUMBER</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--room</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>НОМЕР_КІМНАТИ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--lastday</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>LAST_DAY</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--lastday</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ОСТАННІЙ_ДЕНЬ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-E</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-E</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ДАТА_ЗАВЕРШЕННЯ_СТРОКУ_ДІЇ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-I</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-I</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>НЕАКТИВНИЙ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>МІНІМАЛЬНО_ДНІВ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>МАКСИМАЛЬНО_ДНІВ</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "translator-credits"
+#~ msgstr "Юрій Чорноіван <yurchor@ukr.net>, 2022"
diff --git a/man/po/zh_CN.po b/man/po/zh_CN.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb0db6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/po/zh_CN.po
@@ -0,0 +1,14492 @@
+#
+# YunQiang Su <wzssyqa@gmail.com>, 2010, 2011, 2012.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: shadow-man-pages VERSION\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-08 10:37-0600\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-08-23 01:42+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: YunQiang Su <wzssyqa@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Chinese (simplified) <i18n-zh@googlegroups.com>\n"
+"Language: zh_CN\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bits\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:16 chfn.1.xml.out:18 chpasswd.8.xml.out:19 chsh.1.xml.out:18
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:19 faillog.5.xml.out:15 faillog.8.xml.out:15
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:18 groupdel.8.xml.out:16 groupmod.8.xml.out:16
+#: groups.1.xml.out:15 grpck.8.xml.out:15 lastlog.8.xml.out:17
+#: login.1.xml.out:48 login.defs.5.xml.out:84 logoutd.8.xml.out:15
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:16 newusers.8.xml.out:31 passwd.1.xml.out:22
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:15 porttime.5.xml.out:15 pwck.8.xml.out:22
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:15 shadow.5.xml.out:15 sg.1.xml.out:16 su.1.xml.out:32
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:34 userdel.8.xml.out:21 usermod.8.xml.out:22
+msgid "Julianne Frances"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:17 chfn.1.xml.out:19 chpasswd.8.xml.out:20 chsh.1.xml.out:19
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:20 faillog.5.xml.out:16 faillog.8.xml.out:16
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:19 groupdel.8.xml.out:17 groupmod.8.xml.out:17
+#: groups.1.xml.out:16 grpck.8.xml.out:16 lastlog.8.xml.out:18
+#: login.1.xml.out:49 login.defs.5.xml.out:85 logoutd.8.xml.out:16
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:17 newusers.8.xml.out:32 passwd.1.xml.out:23
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:16 porttime.5.xml.out:16 pwck.8.xml.out:23
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:16 shadow.5.xml.out:16 sg.1.xml.out:17 su.1.xml.out:33
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:35 userdel.8.xml.out:22 usermod.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Haugh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:18 chfn.1.xml.out:20 chsh.1.xml.out:20 expiry.1.xml.out:21
+msgid "Creation, 1990"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:21 chfn.1.xml.out:23 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:20
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:24 chsh.1.xml.out:23 expiry.1.xml.out:24
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:20 faillog.8.xml.out:20 gpasswd.1.xml.out:25
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:23 groupdel.8.xml.out:21 groupmems.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:21 groups.1.xml.out:20 grpck.8.xml.out:20
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:22 limits.5.xml.out:22 login.1.xml.out:53
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:21 login.defs.5.xml.out:89 logoutd.8.xml.out:20
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:21 newusers.8.xml.out:36 passwd.1.xml.out:27
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:20 porttime.5.xml.out:20 pwck.8.xml.out:27
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:26 shadow.3.xml.out:20 shadow.5.xml.out:20 sg.1.xml.out:21
+#: su.1.xml.out:37 suauth.5.xml.out:20 useradd.8.xml.out:39
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:26 usermod.8.xml.out:27 vipw.8.xml.out:22
+msgid "Thomas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:22 chfn.1.xml.out:24 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:21
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:25 chsh.1.xml.out:24 expiry.1.xml.out:25
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:21 faillog.8.xml.out:21 gpasswd.1.xml.out:26
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:24 groupdel.8.xml.out:22 groupmems.8.xml.out:25
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:22 groups.1.xml.out:21 grpck.8.xml.out:21
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:23 limits.5.xml.out:23 login.1.xml.out:54
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:22 login.defs.5.xml.out:90 logoutd.8.xml.out:21
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:22 newusers.8.xml.out:37 passwd.1.xml.out:28
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:21 porttime.5.xml.out:21 pwck.8.xml.out:28
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:27 shadow.3.xml.out:21 shadow.5.xml.out:21 sg.1.xml.out:22
+#: su.1.xml.out:38 suauth.5.xml.out:21 useradd.8.xml.out:40
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:27 usermod.8.xml.out:28 vipw.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Kłoczko"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/email
+#: chage.1.xml.out:23 chfn.1.xml.out:25 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:22
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:26 chsh.1.xml.out:25 expiry.1.xml.out:26
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:22 faillog.8.xml.out:22 gpasswd.1.xml.out:27
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:25 groupdel.8.xml.out:23 groupmems.8.xml.out:26
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:23 groups.1.xml.out:22 grpck.8.xml.out:22
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:24 limits.5.xml.out:24 login.1.xml.out:55
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:23 login.defs.5.xml.out:91 logoutd.8.xml.out:22
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:23 newusers.8.xml.out:38 passwd.1.xml.out:29
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:22 porttime.5.xml.out:22 pwck.8.xml.out:29
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:28 shadow.3.xml.out:22 shadow.5.xml.out:22 sg.1.xml.out:23
+#: su.1.xml.out:39 suauth.5.xml.out:22 useradd.8.xml.out:41
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:28 usermod.8.xml.out:29 vipw.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "kloczek@pld.org.pl"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:24 chfn.1.xml.out:26 chpasswd.8.xml.out:27 chsh.1.xml.out:26
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:27 faillog.5.xml.out:23 faillog.8.xml.out:23
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:28 groupadd.8.xml.out:26 groupdel.8.xml.out:24
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:27 groupmod.8.xml.out:24 groups.1.xml.out:23
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:23 lastlog.8.xml.out:25 limits.5.xml.out:25
+#: login.1.xml.out:56 login.access.5.xml.out:24 login.defs.5.xml.out:92
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:23 newgrp.1.xml.out:24 newusers.8.xml.out:39
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:30 passwd.5.xml.out:23 porttime.5.xml.out:23
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:30 pwconv.8.xml.out:29 shadow.3.xml.out:23
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:23 sg.1.xml.out:24 su.1.xml.out:40 suauth.5.xml.out:23
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:42 userdel.8.xml.out:29 usermod.8.xml.out:30
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:25
+msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:27 chfn.1.xml.out:29 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:26
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:30 chsh.1.xml.out:29 expiry.1.xml.out:30
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:26 faillog.8.xml.out:26 gpasswd.1.xml.out:31
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:29 groupdel.8.xml.out:27 groupmems.8.xml.out:30
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:27 groups.1.xml.out:26 grpck.8.xml.out:26
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:14 lastlog.8.xml.out:28 limits.5.xml.out:28
+#: login.1.xml.out:59 login.access.5.xml.out:27 login.defs.5.xml.out:95
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:26 newgrp.1.xml.out:27 newusers.8.xml.out:42
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:15 passwd.1.xml.out:33 passwd.5.xml.out:26
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:26 pwck.8.xml.out:33 pwconv.8.xml.out:32
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:26 shadow.5.xml.out:26 sg.1.xml.out:27 su.1.xml.out:43
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:26 useradd.8.xml.out:45 userdel.8.xml.out:32
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:33 vipw.8.xml.out:28
+msgid "Nicolas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: chage.1.xml.out:28 chfn.1.xml.out:30 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:27
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:31 chsh.1.xml.out:30 expiry.1.xml.out:31
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:27 faillog.8.xml.out:27 gpasswd.1.xml.out:32
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:30 groupdel.8.xml.out:28 groupmems.8.xml.out:31
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:28 groups.1.xml.out:27 grpck.8.xml.out:27
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:15 lastlog.8.xml.out:29 limits.5.xml.out:29
+#: login.1.xml.out:60 login.access.5.xml.out:28 login.defs.5.xml.out:96
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:27 newgrp.1.xml.out:28 newusers.8.xml.out:43
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:16 passwd.1.xml.out:34 passwd.5.xml.out:27
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:27 pwck.8.xml.out:34 pwconv.8.xml.out:33
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:27 shadow.5.xml.out:27 sg.1.xml.out:28 su.1.xml.out:44
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:27 useradd.8.xml.out:46 userdel.8.xml.out:33
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:34 vipw.8.xml.out:29
+msgid "François"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/email
+#: chage.1.xml.out:29 chfn.1.xml.out:31 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:28
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:32 chsh.1.xml.out:31 expiry.1.xml.out:32
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:28 faillog.8.xml.out:28 gpasswd.1.xml.out:33
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:31 groupdel.8.xml.out:29 groupmems.8.xml.out:32
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:29 groups.1.xml.out:28 grpck.8.xml.out:28
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:16 lastlog.8.xml.out:30 limits.5.xml.out:30
+#: login.1.xml.out:61 login.access.5.xml.out:29 login.defs.5.xml.out:97
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:28 newgrp.1.xml.out:29 newusers.8.xml.out:44
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:17 passwd.1.xml.out:35 passwd.5.xml.out:28
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:28 pwck.8.xml.out:35 pwconv.8.xml.out:34
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:28 shadow.5.xml.out:28 sg.1.xml.out:29 su.1.xml.out:45
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:28 useradd.8.xml.out:47 userdel.8.xml.out:34
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:35 vipw.8.xml.out:30
+msgid "nicolas.francois@centraliens.net"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chage.1.xml.out:30 chfn.1.xml.out:32 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:29
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:33 chsh.1.xml.out:32 expiry.1.xml.out:33
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:29 faillog.8.xml.out:29 gpasswd.1.xml.out:34
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:32 groupdel.8.xml.out:30 groupmems.8.xml.out:33
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:30 groups.1.xml.out:29 grpck.8.xml.out:29
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:18 lastlog.8.xml.out:31 limits.5.xml.out:31
+#: login.1.xml.out:62 login.access.5.xml.out:30 login.defs.5.xml.out:98
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:29 newgrp.1.xml.out:30 newusers.8.xml.out:45
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:18 passwd.1.xml.out:36 passwd.5.xml.out:29
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:29 pwck.8.xml.out:36 pwconv.8.xml.out:35
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:29 shadow.5.xml.out:29 sg.1.xml.out:30 su.1.xml.out:46
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:29 useradd.8.xml.out:48 userdel.8.xml.out:35
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:36 vipw.8.xml.out:31
+msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chage.1.xml.out:34 chage.1.xml.out:41 chage.1.xml.out:46 chage.1.xml.out:59
+#: chage.1.xml.out:69 chage.1.xml.out:216 chage.1.xml.out:226
+#: chage.1.xml.out:236 chage.1.xml.out:241 chage.1.xml.out:285
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:233 shadow.5.xml.out:262
+msgid "chage"
+msgstr "chage"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:35 chage.1.xml.out:294 chfn.1.xml.out:37 chfn.1.xml.out:65
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:205 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:217 chpasswd.8.xml.out:265
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:37 chsh.1.xml.out:171 expiry.1.xml.out:38
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:235 gpasswd.1.xml.out:39 gpasswd.1.xml.out:93
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:277 groupadd.8.xml.out:345 groupadd.8.xml.out:348
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:351 groupdel.8.xml.out:205 groupdel.8.xml.out:208
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:211 groupmems.8.xml.out:209 groupmems.8.xml.out:212
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:215 groupmod.8.xml.out:326 groupmod.8.xml.out:329
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:332 groups.1.xml.out:34 groups.1.xml.out:92
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:243 gshadow.5.xml.out:77 gshadow.5.xml.out:165
+#: limits.5.xml.out:185 login.1.xml.out:67 login.1.xml.out:128
+#: login.1.xml.out:377 login.1.xml.out:380 login.1.xml.out:383
+#: login.1.xml.out:386 login.access.5.xml.out:112 login.defs.5.xml.out:516
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:518 login.defs.5.xml.out:520 login.defs.5.xml.out:530
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:533 login.defs.5.xml.out:536 newgrp.1.xml.out:35
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:130 newgrp.1.xml.out:133 newgrp.1.xml.out:136
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:139 newgrp.1.xml.out:142 newusers.8.xml.out:456
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:60 passwd.1.xml.out:41 passwd.1.xml.out:431
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:118 passwd.5.xml.out:173 passwd.5.xml.out:179
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:182 passwd.5.xml.out:197 porttime.5.xml.out:121
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:293 shadow.5.xml.out:262 shadow.5.xml.out:265
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:268 shadow.5.xml.out:283 sg.1.xml.out:35 sg.1.xml.out:119
+#: sg.1.xml.out:122 sg.1.xml.out:125 sg.1.xml.out:128 sg.1.xml.out:131
+#: su.1.xml.out:51 su.1.xml.out:391 su.1.xml.out:415 su.1.xml.out:421
+#: su.1.xml.out:424 suauth.5.xml.out:201 useradd.8.xml.out:817
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:878 useradd.8.xml.out:881 useradd.8.xml.out:884
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:241 userdel.8.xml.out:310 userdel.8.xml.out:313
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:316 usermod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:244
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:605 usermod.8.xml.out:608 usermod.8.xml.out:611
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:78 vipw.8.xml.out:205
+msgid "1"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:36 chfn.1.xml.out:38 chsh.1.xml.out:38 expiry.1.xml.out:39
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:40 groups.1.xml.out:35 login.1.xml.out:68
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:36 passwd.1.xml.out:42 sg.1.xml.out:36 su.1.xml.out:52
+msgid "User Commands"
+msgstr "用户命令"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:37 chfn.1.xml.out:39 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:36
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:40 chsh.1.xml.out:39 expiry.1.xml.out:40
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:36 faillog.8.xml.out:36 gpasswd.1.xml.out:41
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:39 groupdel.8.xml.out:37 groupmems.8.xml.out:40
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:37 groups.1.xml.out:36 grpck.8.xml.out:36
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:25 lastlog.8.xml.out:38 limits.5.xml.out:38
+#: login.1.xml.out:69 login.access.5.xml.out:37 login.defs.5.xml.out:105
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:36 newgrp.1.xml.out:37 newusers.8.xml.out:52
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:25 passwd.1.xml.out:43 passwd.5.xml.out:36
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:36 pwck.8.xml.out:43 pwconv.8.xml.out:42
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:36 shadow.5.xml.out:36 sg.1.xml.out:37 su.1.xml.out:53
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:36 useradd.8.xml.out:55 userdel.8.xml.out:42
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:43 vipw.8.xml.out:38
+msgid "shadow-utils"
+msgstr "shadow-utils"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chage.1.xml.out:38 chfn.1.xml.out:40 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:37
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:41 chsh.1.xml.out:40 expiry.1.xml.out:41
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:37 faillog.8.xml.out:37 gpasswd.1.xml.out:42
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:40 groupdel.8.xml.out:38 groupmems.8.xml.out:41
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:38 groups.1.xml.out:37 grpck.8.xml.out:37
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:26 lastlog.8.xml.out:39 limits.5.xml.out:39
+#: login.1.xml.out:70 login.access.5.xml.out:38 login.defs.5.xml.out:106
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:37 newgrp.1.xml.out:38 newusers.8.xml.out:53
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:26 passwd.1.xml.out:44 passwd.5.xml.out:37
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:37 pwck.8.xml.out:44 pwconv.8.xml.out:43
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:37 shadow.5.xml.out:37 sg.1.xml.out:38 su.1.xml.out:54
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:37 useradd.8.xml.out:56 userdel.8.xml.out:43
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:44 vipw.8.xml.out:39
+msgid "4.13"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chage.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "change user password expiry information"
+msgstr "更改用户密码过期信息"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: chage.1.xml.out:48 chfn.1.xml.out:51 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:48
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:52 chsh.1.xml.out:51 faillog.8.xml.out:48
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:49 groupmod.8.xml.out:49 grpck.8.xml.out:47
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:50 newusers.8.xml.out:64 passwd.1.xml.out:55
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:54 pwconv.8.xml.out:57 pwconv.8.xml.out:63
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:69 pwconv.8.xml.out:75 su.1.xml.out:64 useradd.8.xml.out:66
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:78 userdel.8.xml.out:52 usermod.8.xml.out:55
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:53 vipw.8.xml.out:59
+msgid "options"
+msgstr "选项"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:51 chfn.1.xml.out:54 chsh.1.xml.out:54 faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 passwd.1.xml.out:58 useradd.8.xml.out:68
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:158 userdel.8.xml.out:54 userdel.8.xml.out:64
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:57 usermod.8.xml.out:222 usermod.8.xml.out:506
+msgid "LOGIN"
+msgstr "登录"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:57 chfn.1.xml.out:60 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:54
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:58 chsh.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:58
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:45 faillog.8.xml.out:54 gpasswd.1.xml.out:70
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:60 groupdel.8.xml.out:56 groupmems.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:56 groups.1.xml.out:54 grpck.8.xml.out:58
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:34 lastlog.8.xml.out:56 limits.5.xml.out:48
+#: login.1.xml.out:101 login.access.5.xml.out:46 login.defs.5.xml.out:114
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:51 newgrp.1.xml.out:53 newusers.8.xml.out:73
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:40 passwd.1.xml.out:64 passwd.5.xml.out:45
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:45 pwck.8.xml.out:69 pwconv.8.xml.out:81
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:94 shadow.3.xml.out:150 shadow.5.xml.out:45 sg.1.xml.out:57
+#: su.1.xml.out:79 suauth.5.xml.out:51 useradd.8.xml.out:84
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:60 usermod.8.xml.out:62 vipw.8.xml.out:65
+msgid "DESCRIPTION"
+msgstr "描述"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:58
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes the number of days between password "
+"changes and the date of the last password change. This information is used "
+"by the system to determine when a user must change their password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:67 chfn.1.xml.out:87 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:81
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:106 chsh.1.xml.out:71 expiry.1.xml.out:67
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:65 gpasswd.1.xml.out:110 groupadd.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:80 groupdel.8.xml.out:64 groupmems.8.xml.out:76
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:65 grpck.8.xml.out:122 lastlog.8.xml.out:68
+#: login.1.xml.out:186 newusers.8.xml.out:250 passwd.1.xml.out:150
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:163 su.1.xml.out:120
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:102 userdel.8.xml.out:69 usermod.8.xml.out:70
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:83
+msgid "OPTIONS"
+msgstr "选项"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:68 chfn.1.xml.out:88 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:82
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:107 chsh.1.xml.out:72 expiry.1.xml.out:68
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:66 gpasswd.1.xml.out:118 groupadd.8.xml.out:81
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:77 groupmod.8.xml.out:66
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:127 lastlog.8.xml.out:69 newusers.8.xml.out:251
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:151 pwck.8.xml.out:158 su.1.xml.out:121
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:103 userdel.8.xml.out:70 usermod.8.xml.out:71
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The options which apply to the <command>su</command> command are:"
+msgid "The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> command are:"
+msgstr "<command>su</command> 命令可以接受的选项有："
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74 gpasswd.1.xml.out:137 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:168 useradd.8.xml.out:123 useradd.8.xml.out:151
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:599 usermod.8.xml.out:112 usermod.8.xml.out:260
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-d"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "--lastday"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:74 chage.1.xml.out:81 chage.1.xml.out:175
+msgid "LAST_DAY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chage.1.xml.out:73 chage.1.xml.out:88 chage.1.xml.out:127
+#: chage.1.xml.out:156 chage.1.xml.out:168 chage.1.xml.out:189
+#: chage.1.xml.out:202 chfn.1.xml.out:93 chfn.1.xml.out:101 chfn.1.xml.out:109
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:121 chfn.1.xml.out:129 chfn.1.xml.out:150
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:122 chpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chpasswd.8.xml.out:164
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:177 chsh.1.xml.out:83 chsh.1.xml.out:96
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:104 faillog.8.xml.out:119 faillog.8.xml.out:156
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 gpasswd.1.xml.out:123 gpasswd.1.xml.out:136
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:157 groupadd.8.xml.out:101 groupadd.8.xml.out:157
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:200 groupadd.8.xml.out:213 groupdel.8.xml.out:88
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:101 groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110 groupmems.8.xml.out:141 groupmod.8.xml.out:72
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:81 groupmod.8.xml.out:120 groupmod.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:163 groupmod.8.xml.out:176 grpck.8.xml.out:148
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:74 lastlog.8.xml.out:103 lastlog.8.xml.out:127
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:305 passwd.1.xml.out:196 passwd.1.xml.out:245
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:267 passwd.1.xml.out:277 passwd.1.xml.out:321
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:334 pwck.8.xml.out:196 pwconv.8.xml.out:177
+#: su.1.xml.out:125 su.1.xml.out:162 useradd.8.xml.out:117
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:150 useradd.8.xml.out:178
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:195 useradd.8.xml.out:229 useradd.8.xml.out:277
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:424 useradd.8.xml.out:488 useradd.8.xml.out:501
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:516 useradd.8.xml.out:530 useradd.8.xml.out:565
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:591 useradd.8.xml.out:609 useradd.8.xml.out:621
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:638 useradd.8.xml.out:654 userdel.8.xml.out:122
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:135 usermod.8.xml.out:98 usermod.8.xml.out:111
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:128 usermod.8.xml.out:151 usermod.8.xml.out:173
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:216 usermod.8.xml.out:289 usermod.8.xml.out:327
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:340 usermod.8.xml.out:356 usermod.8.xml.out:368
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:500 vipw.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:82 chage.1.xml.out:288 groupadd.8.xml.out:303
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:168 groupmod.8.xml.out:259 grpck.8.xml.out:237
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:138 passwd.1.xml.out:425 pwck.8.xml.out:287
+#: su.1.xml.out:385 useradd.8.xml.out:811 userdel.8.xml.out:235
+msgid "0"
+msgstr "0"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:77
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last "
+"changed. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the "
+"format more commonly used in your area). If the <_:replaceable-1/> is set to "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> the user is forced to change his password on the next log on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-E"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89 useradd.8.xml.out:179 useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "--expiredate"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:89 chage.1.xml.out:109 useradd.8.xml.out:179
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:610 usermod.8.xml.out:129 usermod.8.xml.out:243
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:416
+msgid "EXPIRE_DATE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:92
+msgid ""
+"Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on which the user's "
+"account will no longer be accessible. The date may also be expressed in the "
+"format YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area). A user "
+"whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being "
+"able to use the system again."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 "
+"days:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting
+#: chage.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "chage -E $(date -d +180days +%Y-%m-%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:108 chage.1.xml.out:139 chage.1.xml.out:182
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:344 useradd.8.xml.out:315
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "1"
+msgid "-1"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:107
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as the "
+#| "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> will remove an account expiration "
+#| "date."
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an "
+"account expiration date."
+msgstr ""
+"<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> 设置为 <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</"
+"emphasis> 会移除账户的过期日期。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chfn.1.xml.out:102 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:96 login.1.xml.out:204
+#: login.1.xml.out:229 newusers.8.xml.out:280 passwd.1.xml.out:190
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwconv.8.xml.out:171 useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:99 vipw.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "-h"
+msgstr "-h"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chfn.1.xml.out:143 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:98 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:96 newusers.8.xml.out:280
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:190 pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: su.1.xml.out:387 useradd.8.xml.out:271 userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "--help"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chage.1.xml.out:115 chage.1.xml.out:121 chage.1.xml.out:146
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:142 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:107 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:139 chpasswd.8.xml.out:147 chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:77 expiry.1.xml.out:73 expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:88 faillog.8.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:98
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144 gpasswd.1.xml.out:149 gpasswd.1.xml.out:172
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:188 groupadd.8.xml.out:87 groupadd.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:144 groupadd.8.xml.out:184 groupadd.8.xml.out:228
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:71 groupdel.8.xml.out:82 groupmems.8.xml.out:118
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:124 groupmems.8.xml.out:130 groupmod.8.xml.out:114
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:131 groupmod.8.xml.out:193 grpck.8.xml.out:132
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 grpck.8.xml.out:161 grpck.8.xml.out:172
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:84 lastlog.8.xml.out:95 lastlog.8.xml.out:116
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:268 newusers.8.xml.out:280 newusers.8.xml.out:286
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320 passwd.1.xml.out:156 passwd.1.xml.out:167
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:179 passwd.1.xml.out:190 passwd.1.xml.out:209
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:221 passwd.1.xml.out:257 passwd.1.xml.out:290
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:308 pwck.8.xml.out:173 pwck.8.xml.out:179
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188 pwck.8.xml.out:209 pwconv.8.xml.out:171
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:168 useradd.8.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:271
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330 useradd.8.xml.out:349 useradd.8.xml.out:372
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:385 useradd.8.xml.out:404 useradd.8.xml.out:455
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:548 userdel.8.xml.out:75 userdel.8.xml.out:99
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:105 userdel.8.xml.out:152 usermod.8.xml.out:77
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:88 usermod.8.xml.out:230 usermod.8.xml.out:249
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:270 usermod.8.xml.out:316 usermod.8.xml.out:404
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:90 vipw.8.xml.out:96 vipw.8.xml.out:102 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127 vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>"
+msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:117 chfn.1.xml.out:146 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:109
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:149 chsh.1.xml.out:79 expiry.1.xml.out:90
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:100 gpasswd.1.xml.out:151 groupadd.8.xml.out:120
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:84 groupmems.8.xml.out:120 groupmod.8.xml.out:116
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:134 lastlog.8.xml.out:99 newusers.8.xml.out:282
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:192 pwck.8.xml.out:175 pwconv.8.xml.out:173
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:273 userdel.8.xml.out:101 vipw.8.xml.out:98
+msgid "Display help message and exit."
+msgstr "显示帮助信息并退出。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121 passwd.1.xml.out:197
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-i"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:121
+msgid "--iso8601"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "When printing dates, use YYYY-MM-DD format."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-I"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128 passwd.1.xml.out:197 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622 usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "--inactive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:128 chage.1.xml.out:134 chage.1.xml.out:140
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:197 passwd.1.xml.out:203 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:211 useradd.8.xml.out:622 useradd.8.xml.out:632
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "INACTIVE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:131
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the "
+"account is locked. The <_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days of "
+"inactivity. A user whose account is locked must contact the system "
+"administrator before being able to use the system again."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:138
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as the "
+#| "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> will remove an account's inactivity."
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an "
+"account's inactivity."
+msgstr ""
+"<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> 设置为 <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</"
+"emphasis> 会移除账户禁用功能。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: chage.1.xml.out:147 chage.1.xml.out:242 faillog.8.xml.out:88
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105 faillog.8.xml.out:185 faillog.8.xml.out:202
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:55 groupmems.8.xml.out:124 passwd.1.xml.out:222
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:316 su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:156 useradd.8.xml.out:330
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "-l"
+msgstr "-l"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:147 groupmems.8.xml.out:124
+msgid "--list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:150
+msgid "Show account aging information."
+msgstr "显示账户年龄信息。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:72 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:78 chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:130
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:155 faillog.8.xml.out:88 faillog.8.xml.out:120
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:185 faillog.8.xml.out:202 su.1.xml.out:207
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:287 useradd.8.xml.out:350 useradd.8.xml.out:476
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:119 usermod.8.xml.out:250
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-m"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+msgid "--mindays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:157 chage.1.xml.out:162 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:251
+msgid "MIN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:160 passwd.1.xml.out:249
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the minimum number of days between password changes to "
+#| "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>. A value of zero for this field "
+#| "indicates that the user may change their password at any time."
+msgid ""
+"Set the minimum number of days between password changes to <_:replaceable-1/"
+">. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their "
+"password at any time."
+msgstr ""
+"在密码更改之间的最小天数设置为 <replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>。此字段中"
+"的 0 值表示用户可以在任何时间更改其密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 gpasswd.1.xml.out:81 gpasswd.1.xml.out:112
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:162 useradd.8.xml.out:373
+msgid "-M"
+msgstr "-M"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 passwd.1.xml.out:335
+msgid "--maxdays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:169 chage.1.xml.out:174 chage.1.xml.out:183
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335 passwd.1.xml.out:340 passwd.1.xml.out:345
+msgid "MAX_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:178 chage.1.xml.out:203 usermod.8.xml.out:481
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-W"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:172
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid. When <_:"
+"replaceable-1/> plus <_:replaceable-2/> is less than the current day, the "
+"user will be required to change their password before being able to use "
+"their account. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the "
+"<_:option-3/> option, which provides the user with advance warning."
+msgstr ""
+"设置密码有效的最大天数。<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable> 加 "
+"<replaceable>LAST_DAY</replaceable> 小于当前日期时，会要求用户更改密码，否则"
+"不能使用此账户。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:181 passwd.1.xml.out:343
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable> will remove checking a password's "
+#| "validity."
+msgid ""
+"Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as <_:replaceable-2/> will remove "
+"checking a password's validity."
+msgstr ""
+"<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable> 设置为 <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</"
+"emphasis> 会移除密码有效性检查。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chfn.1.xml.out:130 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chsh.1.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:189 groupadd.8.xml.out:201 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142 groupmod.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104 newusers.8.xml.out:306 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197 pwconv.8.xml.out:178 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123 usermod.8.xml.out:328 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-R"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chfn.1.xml.out:130 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chsh.1.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158 groupadd.8.xml.out:201 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:142 groupmod.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:104 newusers.8.xml.out:306 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:197 pwconv.8.xml.out:178 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:123 usermod.8.xml.out:328 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "--root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:190 chage.1.xml.out:194 chage.1.xml.out:196
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:130 chfn.1.xml.out:134 chfn.1.xml.out:136
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:123 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:127 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:129
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:165 chpasswd.8.xml.out:169 chpasswd.8.xml.out:171
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:84 chsh.1.xml.out:88 chsh.1.xml.out:90 faillog.8.xml.out:157
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:161 faillog.8.xml.out:163 gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:162 gpasswd.1.xml.out:164 groupadd.8.xml.out:201
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:205 groupadd.8.xml.out:207 groupdel.8.xml.out:89
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:93 groupdel.8.xml.out:95 groupmems.8.xml.out:142
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:146 groupmems.8.xml.out:148 groupmod.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:168 groupmod.8.xml.out:170 grpck.8.xml.out:149
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:153 grpck.8.xml.out:155 lastlog.8.xml.out:104
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:108 lastlog.8.xml.out:110 newusers.8.xml.out:306
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:310 newusers.8.xml.out:312 passwd.1.xml.out:278
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:282 passwd.1.xml.out:284 pwck.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:201 pwck.8.xml.out:203 pwconv.8.xml.out:178
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:182 pwconv.8.xml.out:184 useradd.8.xml.out:489
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:493 useradd.8.xml.out:495 userdel.8.xml.out:123
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:127 userdel.8.xml.out:129 usermod.8.xml.out:328
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:332 usermod.8.xml.out:334 vipw.8.xml.out:115
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:119 vipw.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "CHROOT_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:193 chfn.1.xml.out:133 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:126
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:168 chsh.1.xml.out:87 faillog.8.xml.out:160
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:161 groupadd.8.xml.out:204 groupdel.8.xml.out:92
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:145 groupmod.8.xml.out:167 grpck.8.xml.out:152
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:107 newusers.8.xml.out:309 passwd.1.xml.out:281
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:200 pwconv.8.xml.out:181 useradd.8.xml.out:492
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:126 usermod.8.xml.out:331 vipw.8.xml.out:118
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the <replaceable>user</replaceable> to the named <replaceable>group</"
+#| "replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration "
+"files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. Only absolute paths are "
+"supported."
+msgstr ""
+"向名为 <replaceable>group</replaceable> 的组中添加用户 <replaceable>user</"
+"replaceable>。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203 passwd.1.xml.out:322
+msgid "--warndays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:203 chage.1.xml.out:208 passwd.1.xml.out:322
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:327
+msgid "WARN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:206
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The "
+"<_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password "
+"expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"设置在要求更改密码之前几天开始警告。<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable> 选项"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:220 chfn.1.xml.out:163 chsh.1.xml.out:112
+msgid "[ ]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:215
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If none of the options are selected, <command>chage</command> operates in "
+#| "an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for "
+#| "all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the "
+#| "line blank to use the current value. The current value is displayed "
+#| "between a pair of <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> marks."
+msgid ""
+"If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of "
+"the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank "
+"to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> marks."
+msgstr ""
+"如果没有选择任何选项，<command>chage</command> 会进入交互模式，以所有字段的当"
+"前值提示用户。输入一个新值可以更改这些字段，或者留空使用当前值。当前值出现在 "
+"<emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> 标记对里。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:224 chsh.1.xml.out:117 groups.1.xml.out:65
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:170
+msgid "NOTE"
+msgstr "注意"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:225
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chage</command> program requires a shadow password file to "
+#| "be available."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program requires a shadow password file to be available."
+msgstr "<command>chage</command> 需要有一个影子密码文件才可用。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:229
+msgid ""
+"The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password "
+"file. This implies that configuration from other sources (e.g. LDAP or empty "
+"password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user's login will "
+"not be shown in the chage output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: chage.1.xml.out:238 grpck.8.xml.out:294 login.defs.5.xml.out:410
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:185 pwck.8.xml.out:40 pwck.8.xml.out:47 pwck.8.xml.out:53
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:71 pwck.8.xml.out:147 pwck.8.xml.out:159 pwck.8.xml.out:191
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:223 pwck.8.xml.out:284 pwconv.8.xml.out:197
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:248 shadow.5.xml.out:274
+msgid "pwck"
+msgstr "pwck"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:235
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program will also not report any inconsistency between "
+"the shadow and passwd files (e.g. missing x in the passwd file). The <_:"
+"command-2/> can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:241
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chage</command> command is restricted to the root user, "
+#| "except for the <option>-l</option> option, which may be used by an "
+#| "unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to "
+#| "expire."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is restricted to the root user, except for the <_:"
+"option-2/> option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine "
+"when their password or account is due to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"只有 root 才可以使用 <command>chage</command>，一个特殊情况是 <option>-l</"
+"option> 选项，用来让非特权用户觉得自己的密码或账户何时过期。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:249 chfn.1.xml.out:170 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:175
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:216 chsh.1.xml.out:131 gpasswd.1.xml.out:241
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:247 groupdel.8.xml.out:133 groupmems.8.xml.out:176
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:212 grpck.8.xml.out:196 lastlog.8.xml.out:182
+#: login.1.xml.out:270 newgrp.1.xml.out:85 newusers.8.xml.out:360
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:372 pwck.8.xml.out:240 pwconv.8.xml.out:204 sg.1.xml.out:74
+#: su.1.xml.out:314 useradd.8.xml.out:710 userdel.8.xml.out:165
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:536 vipw.8.xml.out:142
+msgid "CONFIGURATION"
+msgstr "配置文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:252 chfn.1.xml.out:68 chfn.1.xml.out:173 chfn.1.xml.out:187
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:155 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:205 chpasswd.8.xml.out:77 chpasswd.8.xml.out:134
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:200 chpasswd.8.xml.out:219 chpasswd.8.xml.out:247
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:134 chsh.1.xml.out:159 gpasswd.1.xml.out:244
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:129 groupadd.8.xml.out:239 groupadd.8.xml.out:250
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:276 groupdel.8.xml.out:136 groupmems.8.xml.out:179
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:109 groupmod.8.xml.out:204 groupmod.8.xml.out:215
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:239 grpck.8.xml.out:199 lastlog.8.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:273 login.1.xml.out:365 login.access.5.xml.out:100
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:116 login.defs.5.xml.out:515 newgrp.1.xml.out:88
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:340 newusers.8.xml.out:363 newusers.8.xml.out:423
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:375 passwd.1.xml.out:405 pwck.8.xml.out:243
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:148 pwconv.8.xml.out:207 pwconv.8.xml.out:215
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:230 sg.1.xml.out:77 su.1.xml.out:109 su.1.xml.out:219
+#: su.1.xml.out:277 su.1.xml.out:317 su.1.xml.out:357 useradd.8.xml.out:241
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:307 useradd.8.xml.out:378 useradd.8.xml.out:399
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:467 useradd.8.xml.out:474 useradd.8.xml.out:560
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:713 useradd.8.xml.out:797 userdel.8.xml.out:87
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:168 userdel.8.xml.out:191 userdel.8.xml.out:297
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:399 usermod.8.xml.out:539 usermod.8.xml.out:569
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "/etc/login.defs"
+msgstr "/etc/login.defs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:250 chfn.1.xml.out:171 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:176
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:217 chsh.1.xml.out:132 gpasswd.1.xml.out:242
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:248 groupdel.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:213 grpck.8.xml.out:197 lastlog.8.xml.out:183
+#: login.1.xml.out:271 newgrp.1.xml.out:86 newusers.8.xml.out:361
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:373 pwck.8.xml.out:241 sg.1.xml.out:75 su.1.xml.out:315
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:711 userdel.8.xml.out:166 usermod.8.xml.out:537
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:143
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename> change the behavior of this tool:"
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior "
+"of this tool:"
+msgstr ""
+"在 <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 中有如下配置变量，可以用来更改此工具"
+"的行为："
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:261 chfn.1.xml.out:184 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:190
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:232 chsh.1.xml.out:144 expiry.1.xml.out:97
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:220 gpasswd.1.xml.out:256
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:261 groupdel.8.xml.out:145 groupmems.8.xml.out:188
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:224 groups.1.xml.out:77 grpck.8.xml.out:208
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:132 lastlog.8.xml.out:194 limits.5.xml.out:172
+#: login.1.xml.out:314 login.access.5.xml.out:97 logoutd.8.xml.out:65
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:97 newusers.8.xml.out:396 passwd.1.xml.out:390
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:139 porttime.5.xml.out:106 pwck.8.xml.out:258
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:227 shadow.3.xml.out:202 shadow.5.xml.out:231
+#: sg.1.xml.out:86 su.1.xml.out:342 suauth.5.xml.out:169 useradd.8.xml.out:740
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:182 usermod.8.xml.out:554 vipw.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "FILES"
+msgstr "文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:265 chfn.1.xml.out:193 chpasswd.8.xml.out:235
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:147 expiry.1.xml.out:100 groupmod.8.xml.out:245
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:223 lastlog.8.xml.out:63 login.1.xml.out:145
+#: login.1.xml.out:329 newgrp.1.xml.out:65 newgrp.1.xml.out:70
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:100 newusers.8.xml.out:399 passwd.1.xml.out:393
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:47 passwd.5.xml.out:89 passwd.5.xml.out:142
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:73 pwck.8.xml.out:145 pwck.8.xml.out:212 pwck.8.xml.out:224
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:267 pwconv.8.xml.out:127 shadow.5.xml.out:234 sg.1.xml.out:89
+#: su.1.xml.out:185 su.1.xml.out:197 su.1.xml.out:345 useradd.8.xml.out:524
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:743 userdel.8.xml.out:197 usermod.8.xml.out:103
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:305 usermod.8.xml.out:362 usermod.8.xml.out:575
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:68 vipw.8.xml.out:187
+msgid "/etc/passwd"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:268 chfn.1.xml.out:195 chpasswd.8.xml.out:237
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:149 expiry.1.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:247
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:225 login.1.xml.out:331 newgrp.1.xml.out:102
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:401 passwd.1.xml.out:395 passwd.5.xml.out:144
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:269 shadow.5.xml.out:236 sg.1.xml.out:91 su.1.xml.out:347
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:745 userdel.8.xml.out:199 vipw.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "User account information."
+msgstr "用户账户信息。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:273 chpasswd.8.xml.out:241 expiry.1.xml.out:106
+#: login.1.xml.out:335 newgrp.1.xml.out:68 newgrp.1.xml.out:106
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:295 newusers.8.xml.out:405 passwd.1.xml.out:399
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:82 passwd.5.xml.out:148 pwck.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:107 pwck.8.xml.out:213 pwck.8.xml.out:225 pwck.8.xml.out:273
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:128 pwconv.8.xml.out:149 shadow.3.xml.out:97
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:173 shadow.3.xml.out:205 shadow.5.xml.out:78
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:240 sg.1.xml.out:95 su.1.xml.out:351 useradd.8.xml.out:439
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:464 useradd.8.xml.out:749 userdel.8.xml.out:203
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:144 usermod.8.xml.out:145 usermod.8.xml.out:166
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:167 usermod.8.xml.out:306 usermod.8.xml.out:581
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:71 vipw.8.xml.out:193
+msgid "/etc/shadow"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:276 chpasswd.8.xml.out:243 expiry.1.xml.out:108
+#: login.1.xml.out:337 newgrp.1.xml.out:108 newusers.8.xml.out:407
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:401 pwck.8.xml.out:275 shadow.3.xml.out:207
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:242 sg.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:353 useradd.8.xml.out:751
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:205 vipw.8.xml.out:195
+msgid "Secure user account information."
+msgstr "安全用户账户信息。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:283 groupadd.8.xml.out:298 groupdel.8.xml.out:163
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:254 grpck.8.xml.out:232 passwd.1.xml.out:420
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:282 su.1.xml.out:366 useradd.8.xml.out:806
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:230
+msgid "EXIT VALUES"
+msgstr "退出值"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:290 groupadd.8.xml.out:305 groupdel.8.xml.out:170
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:239 passwd.1.xml.out:427 pwck.8.xml.out:289
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:813 userdel.8.xml.out:237
+msgid "success"
+msgstr "成功"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:296 passwd.1.xml.out:433
+msgid "permission denied"
+msgstr "权限不够"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#: chage.1.xml.out:300 groupadd.8.xml.out:309 groupdel.8.xml.out:174
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:265 groups.1.xml.out:95 groups.1.xml.out:98
+#: groups.1.xml.out:101 grpck.8.xml.out:249 limits.5.xml.out:90
+#: limits.5.xml.out:101 limits.5.xml.out:188 limits.5.xml.out:191
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:437 pwck.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:823
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:247
+msgid "2"
+msgstr "2"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:302 groupadd.8.xml.out:311 groupdel.8.xml.out:176
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:245 pwck.8.xml.out:295 useradd.8.xml.out:825
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:249
+msgid "invalid command syntax"
+msgstr "无效的命令语法"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:306
+msgid "15"
+msgstr "15"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:308
+msgid "can't find the shadow password file"
+msgstr "无法找到影子密码文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:284 groupadd.8.xml.out:299 groupdel.8.xml.out:164
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:255 grpck.8.xml.out:233 passwd.1.xml.out:421
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:283 useradd.8.xml.out:807 userdel.8.xml.out:231
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>pwck</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#| "<placeholder-1/>"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command exits with the following values: <_:"
+"variablelist-2/>"
+msgstr "<command>pwck</command> 命令有如下返回值：<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chage.1.xml.out:316 chfn.1.xml.out:202 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:214
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:262 chsh.1.xml.out:168 expiry.1.xml.out:115
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:84 faillog.8.xml.out:232 gpasswd.1.xml.out:274
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:343 groupdel.8.xml.out:202 groupmems.8.xml.out:206
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:323 groups.1.xml.out:89 grpck.8.xml.out:277
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:150 limits.5.xml.out:182 login.1.xml.out:374
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:109 login.defs.5.xml.out:527 newgrp.1.xml.out:127
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:450 nologin.8.xml.out:57 passwd.1.xml.out:471
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:167 porttime.5.xml.out:118 pwck.8.xml.out:333
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:239 shadow.3.xml.out:214 shadow.5.xml.out:259
+#: sg.1.xml.out:116 su.1.xml.out:413 suauth.5.xml.out:198 useradd.8.xml.out:875
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:308 usermod.8.xml.out:602 vipw.8.xml.out:202
+msgid "SEE ALSO"
+msgstr "参见"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chage.1.xml.out:319 chfn.1.xml.out:211 chpasswd.8.xml.out:265
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:177 expiry.1.xml.out:118 groupadd.8.xml.out:351
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:211 groupmems.8.xml.out:215 groupmod.8.xml.out:332
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:291 lastlog.8.xml.out:176 login.1.xml.out:128
+#: login.1.xml.out:380 login.1.xml.out:395 login.defs.5.xml.out:399
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:516 login.defs.5.xml.out:533 login.defs.5.xml.out:539
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:79 newusers.8.xml.out:456 passwd.1.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:47 passwd.1.xml.out:53 passwd.1.xml.out:66
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:69 passwd.1.xml.out:86 passwd.1.xml.out:116
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:152 passwd.1.xml.out:366 passwd.1.xml.out:413
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:422 passwd.1.xml.out:451 passwd.1.xml.out:457
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:477 passwd.5.xml.out:33 passwd.5.xml.out:40
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:182 pwck.8.xml.out:228 pwck.8.xml.out:342
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:84 pwconv.8.xml.out:99 shadow.5.xml.out:268
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:271 useradd.8.xml.out:884 userdel.8.xml.out:316
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:611 vipw.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "passwd"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chage.1.xml.out:319 chage.1.xml.out:322 chfn.1.xml.out:208
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:211 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:223 chpasswd.8.xml.out:272
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:174 chsh.1.xml.out:177 expiry.1.xml.out:118
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:121 faillog.5.xml.out:34 faillog.8.xml.out:238
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:292 gpasswd.1.xml.out:295 groupadd.8.xml.out:363
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:344 grpck.8.xml.out:267 grpck.8.xml.out:280
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:287 grpck.8.xml.out:291 grpck.8.xml.out:297
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:23 gshadow.5.xml.out:153 gshadow.5.xml.out:156
+#: limits.5.xml.out:36 login.1.xml.out:389 login.1.xml.out:392
+#: login.1.xml.out:395 login.1.xml.out:398 login.access.5.xml.out:35
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:103 login.defs.5.xml.out:539 login.defs.5.xml.out:542
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:145 newgrp.1.xml.out:148 newusers.8.xml.out:79
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:453 newusers.8.xml.out:460 newusers.8.xml.out:463
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:48 nologin.8.xml.out:63 passwd.1.xml.out:455
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:477 passwd.1.xml.out:480 passwd.1.xml.out:484
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:34 passwd.5.xml.out:80 passwd.5.xml.out:194
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:34 pwck.8.xml.out:317 pwck.8.xml.out:336
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:342 pwck.8.xml.out:345 pwconv.8.xml.out:245
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:220 shadow.5.xml.out:34 shadow.5.xml.out:271
+#: sg.1.xml.out:134 sg.1.xml.out:137 su.1.xml.out:418 suauth.5.xml.out:34
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:91 useradd.8.xml.out:205 useradd.8.xml.out:628
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:899 useradd.8.xml.out:906 useradd.8.xml.out:909
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:319 userdel.8.xml.out:335 userdel.8.xml.out:338
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:162 usermod.8.xml.out:629 usermod.8.xml.out:633
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:636 vipw.8.xml.out:208 vipw.8.xml.out:211
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:214 vipw.8.xml.out:217 vipw.8.xml.out:220 vipw.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "5"
+msgstr "5"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chage.1.xml.out:322 expiry.1.xml.out:121 grpck.8.xml.out:51
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:190 grpck.8.xml.out:297 login.defs.5.xml.out:542
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:480 passwd.5.xml.out:79 passwd.5.xml.out:194
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:229 pwck.8.xml.out:233 pwck.8.xml.out:345 pwconv.8.xml.out:84
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:85 pwconv.8.xml.out:100 pwconv.8.xml.out:101
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:33 shadow.3.xml.out:40 shadow.3.xml.out:96
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:220 shadow.5.xml.out:33 shadow.5.xml.out:40
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:47 useradd.8.xml.out:205 useradd.8.xml.out:628
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:162 vipw.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "shadow"
+msgstr "shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chage.1.xml.out:317 expiry.1.xml.out:116 faillog.8.xml.out:233
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:58 shadow.3.xml.out:215
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:36 chfn.1.xml.out:43 chfn.1.xml.out:49 chfn.1.xml.out:62
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:89 chfn.1.xml.out:159 chfn.1.xml.out:164 chsh.1.xml.out:171
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:345 groupdel.8.xml.out:205 groupmems.8.xml.out:209
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:326 login.defs.5.xml.out:239 useradd.8.xml.out:878
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:310 usermod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:605
+msgid "chfn"
+msgstr "chfn"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:44
+msgid "change real user name and information"
+msgstr "更改真名和信息"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:65 passwd.5.xml.out:117
+msgid "finger"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:71 chfn.1.xml.out:110 groupadd.8.xml.out:106
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:145 groupadd.8.xml.out:323 groupmod.8.xml.out:93
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:405 useradd.8.xml.out:536
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:837 usermod.8.xml.out:271 usermod.8.xml.out:377
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-o"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes user fullname, office room number, office "
+"phone number, and home phone number information for a user's account. This "
+"information is typically printed by <_:citerefentry-2/> and similar "
+"programs. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, "
+"subject to the restrictions in <_:filename-3/>. (The default configuration "
+"is to prevent users from changing their fullname.) The superuser may change "
+"any field for any account. Additionally, only the superuser may use the <_:"
+"option-4/> option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:77 chfn.1.xml.out:80
+msgid "other"
+msgstr "其它"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"These fields must not contain any colons. Except for the <_:emphasis-1/> "
+"field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign. It is also "
+"recommended to avoid non-US-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for "
+"the phone numbers. The <_:emphasis-2/> field is used to store accounting "
+"information used by other applications."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94 expiry.1.xml.out:61 expiry.1.xml.out:79
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:88 groupdel.8.xml.out:72 login.1.xml.out:90
+#: login.1.xml.out:190 login.1.xml.out:229 useradd.8.xml.out:196
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:622 userdel.8.xml.out:76 userdel.8.xml.out:287
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:302 usermod.8.xml.out:152
+msgid "-f"
+msgstr "-f"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "full_name"
+msgid "--full-name"
+msgstr "full_name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:94
+msgid "FULL_NAME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:97
+msgid "Change the user's full name."
+msgstr "更改用户的全名"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "home_ph"
+msgid "--home-phone"
+msgstr "home_ph"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:102
+msgid "HOME_PHONE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "Change the user's home phone number."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "other"
+msgid "--other"
+msgstr "其它"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "OTHER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:113
+msgid ""
+"Change the user's other GECOS information. This field is used to store "
+"accounting information used by other applications, and can be changed only "
+"by a superuser."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122 faillog.8.xml.out:89 faillog.8.xml.out:144
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:186 faillog.8.xml.out:203 gpasswd.1.xml.out:173
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:112 groupadd.8.xml.out:185 grpck.8.xml.out:124
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 login.1.xml.out:220 login.1.xml.out:229
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:287 passwd.1.xml.out:268 pwck.8.xml.out:155
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:188 useradd.8.xml.out:224 useradd.8.xml.out:456
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:542 userdel.8.xml.out:106 usermod.8.xml.out:317
+msgid "-r"
+msgstr "-r"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "room_no"
+msgid "--room"
+msgstr "room_no"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:122
+msgid "ROOM_NUMBER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:125
+msgid "Change the user's room number."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:143 faillog.8.xml.out:80 faillog.8.xml.out:180
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:214 lastlog.8.xml.out:90 lastlog.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 passwd.1.xml.out:309 useradd.8.xml.out:414
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:279 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-u"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151 passwd.1.xml.out:322 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-w"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "work_ph"
+msgid "--work-phone"
+msgstr "work_ph"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:151
+msgid "WORK_PHONE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:154
+msgid "Change the user's office phone number."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If none of the options are selected, <command>chage</command> operates in "
+#| "an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for "
+#| "all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the "
+#| "line blank to use the current value. The current value is displayed "
+#| "between a pair of <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> marks."
+msgid ""
+"If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of "
+"the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank "
+"to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of "
+"<_:emphasis-2/> marks. Without options, <_:command-3/> prompts for the "
+"current user account."
+msgstr ""
+"如果没有选择任何选项，<command>chage</command> 会进入交互模式，以所有字段的当"
+"前值提示用户。输入一个新值可以更改这些字段，或者留空使用当前值。当前值出现在 "
+"<emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> 标记对里。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:189 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:207 chpasswd.8.xml.out:249
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:161 groupadd.8.xml.out:278 groupmod.8.xml.out:241
+#: login.1.xml.out:367 login.access.5.xml.out:102 newusers.8.xml.out:425
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:407 pwconv.8.xml.out:232 su.1.xml.out:359
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:799 userdel.8.xml.out:193
+msgid "Shadow password suite configuration."
+msgstr "Shadow 密码套件配置。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:205 chsh.1.xml.out:36 chsh.1.xml.out:43 chsh.1.xml.out:49
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:62 chsh.1.xml.out:73 chsh.1.xml.out:109
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:348 groupdel.8.xml.out:208 groupmems.8.xml.out:212
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:329 login.defs.5.xml.out:270 useradd.8.xml.out:881
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:313 usermod.8.xml.out:608
+msgid "chsh"
+msgstr "chsh"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:208 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:223 chpasswd.8.xml.out:272
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:174 groupadd.8.xml.out:194 groupadd.8.xml.out:363
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:344 login.1.xml.out:389 login.defs.5.xml.out:102
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:109 newusers.8.xml.out:298 newusers.8.xml.out:453
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:484 pwconv.8.xml.out:92 pwconv.8.xml.out:94
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:108 pwconv.8.xml.out:245 su.1.xml.out:418
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:899 userdel.8.xml.out:117 userdel.8.xml.out:319
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:629 vipw.8.xml.out:214
+msgid "login.defs"
+msgstr "login.defs"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chfn.1.xml.out:203 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:215 chsh.1.xml.out:169
+#: limits.5.xml.out:183
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:23
+msgid "Creation, 2006"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:33 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:40 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:46
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:56 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:66 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:83
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:249
+msgid "chgpasswd"
+msgstr "chgpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:34 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:220 chpasswd.8.xml.out:38
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:268 chpasswd.8.xml.out:276 faillog.5.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:34 gpasswd.1.xml.out:280 gpasswd.1.xml.out:283
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:286 gpasswd.1.xml.out:289 groupadd.8.xml.out:37
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:354 groupadd.8.xml.out:357 groupadd.8.xml.out:360
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:366 groupadd.8.xml.out:369 groupadd.8.xml.out:372
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:35 groupdel.8.xml.out:186 groupdel.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:217 groupdel.8.xml.out:220 groupdel.8.xml.out:223
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:226 groupdel.8.xml.out:229 groupmems.8.xml.out:38
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:218 groupmems.8.xml.out:221 groupmems.8.xml.out:224
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:227 groupmems.8.xml.out:230 groupmod.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:335 groupmod.8.xml.out:338 groupmod.8.xml.out:341
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:347 groupmod.8.xml.out:350 groupmod.8.xml.out:353
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:34 grpck.8.xml.out:283 grpck.8.xml.out:294
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:159 gshadow.5.xml.out:162 lastlog.8.xml.out:36
+#: login.1.xml.out:174 login.1.xml.out:176 login.1.xml.out:249
+#: login.1.xml.out:251 login.1.xml.out:401 login.defs.5.xml.out:545
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:34 newusers.8.xml.out:50 newusers.8.xml.out:467
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:23 passwd.1.xml.out:474 passwd.1.xml.out:488
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:185 passwd.5.xml.out:188 passwd.5.xml.out:191
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:200 pwck.8.xml.out:41 pwck.8.xml.out:339 pwck.8.xml.out:348
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:40 pwconv.8.xml.out:242 pwconv.8.xml.out:248
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:251 pwconv.8.xml.out:254 shadow.5.xml.out:274
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:277 shadow.5.xml.out:280 shadow.5.xml.out:286
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:192 useradd.8.xml.out:53 useradd.8.xml.out:574
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:890 useradd.8.xml.out:893 useradd.8.xml.out:896
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:902 useradd.8.xml.out:913 useradd.8.xml.out:916
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:40 userdel.8.xml.out:259 userdel.8.xml.out:322
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:325 userdel.8.xml.out:328 userdel.8.xml.out:331
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:342 userdel.8.xml.out:345 usermod.8.xml.out:41
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:617 usermod.8.xml.out:620 usermod.8.xml.out:623
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:626 usermod.8.xml.out:640 usermod.8.xml.out:643
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:36
+msgid "8"
+msgstr "8"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:35 chpasswd.8.xml.out:39 faillog.8.xml.out:35
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:38 groupdel.8.xml.out:36 groupmems.8.xml.out:39
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:36 grpck.8.xml.out:35 lastlog.8.xml.out:37
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:35 newusers.8.xml.out:51 nologin.8.xml.out:24
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:42 pwconv.8.xml.out:41 useradd.8.xml.out:54
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:41 usermod.8.xml.out:42 vipw.8.xml.out:37
+msgid "System Management Commands"
+msgstr "系统管理命令"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "update group passwords in batch mode"
+msgstr "批量更新组密码"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:55
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chgpasswd</command> command reads a list of group name and "
+#| "password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a "
+#| "set of existing groups. Each line is of the format:"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of group name and password pairs "
+"from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing "
+"groups. Each line is of the format:"
+msgstr ""
+"<command>chgpasswd</command> 命令从标准输入读取一系列组名和密码对，并使用此信"
+"息更新这些存在的组。每行的格式如下："
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:61 groupmems.8.xml.out:54 groupmems.8.xml.out:110
+msgid "group_name"
+msgstr "group_name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:62 chpasswd.8.xml.out:66 passwd.5.xml.out:77
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:86 passwd.5.xml.out:91 passwd.5.xml.out:95
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:98
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "password"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:60 chpasswd.8.xml.out:64
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:64
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted "
+#| "by <command>chgpasswd</command>."
+msgid ""
+"By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted by "
+"<_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"默认上，提供的密码必须是明码文本，然后由 <command>chgpasswd</command> 加密。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chpasswd.8.xml.out:75 chpasswd.8.xml.out:132
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD"
+msgstr "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:71 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101 chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:130 chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:180 useradd.8.xml.out:179 useradd.8.xml.out:610
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-e"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: arg/arg
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:72 chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chpasswd.8.xml.out:78
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:84 chpasswd.8.xml.out:114 chpasswd.8.xml.out:129
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:73 newusers.8.xml.out:268
+#: sg.1.xml.out:50 su.1.xml.out:86 su.1.xml.out:126 su.1.xml.out:131
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "-c"
+msgstr "-c"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:68
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the "
+#| "ENCRYPT_METHOD variable of <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, and can "
+#| "be overwiten with the <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</option>, or "
+#| "<option>-c</option> options."
+msgid ""
+"The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:"
+"option-1/> variable of <_:filename-2/>, and can be overwritten with the <_:"
+"option-3/>, <_:option-4/>, or <_:option-5/> options."
+msgstr ""
+"默认加密算法可以通过 <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 的 ENCRYPT_METHOD "
+"变量设置，并且可以使用 <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</option> 或 <option>-"
+"c</option> 选项覆盖。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:74 chpasswd.8.xml.out:99
+msgid ""
+"This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many "
+"accounts are created at a single time."
+msgstr "此命令一般用于需要一次创建很多用户的大型系统。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:88 chpasswd.8.xml.out:114 newusers.8.xml.out:268
+msgid "--crypt-method"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:90 chpasswd.8.xml.out:117 newusers.8.xml.out:270
+msgid "Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr "使用指定的方法加密密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:91 chpasswd.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "The available methods are DES, MD5, and NONE."
+msgstr "可用的方法有 DES，MD5 和 NONE。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:94 chpasswd.8.xml.out:121 newusers.8.xml.out:271
+msgid ""
+"The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc "
+"support these methods."
+msgstr ""
+"可用的方法有 DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 或 SHA512，前提是您的 libc 支持这写方"
+"法。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:101 chpasswd.8.xml.out:139
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "encrypted password"
+msgid "--encrypted"
+msgstr "加密了的密码"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:103 chpasswd.8.xml.out:141
+msgid "Supplied passwords are in encrypted form."
+msgstr "提供的密码是已经加密了的"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:113 chpasswd.8.xml.out:155
+msgid "--md5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:115 chpasswd.8.xml.out:157
+msgid ""
+"Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are not "
+"encrypted."
+msgstr "如果提供的密码没有加密，则使用 MD5 加密而不是 DES。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135 chpasswd.8.xml.out:178 chsh.1.xml.out:97
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:108 grpck.8.xml.out:124 grpck.8.xml.out:161
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:320 pwck.8.xml.out:155 pwck.8.xml.out:209
+#: su.1.xml.out:163 useradd.8.xml.out:517 useradd.8.xml.out:655
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357 vipw.8.xml.out:70 vipw.8.xml.out:127
+msgid "-s"
+msgstr "-s"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:135 chpasswd.8.xml.out:178 newusers.8.xml.out:320
+msgid "--sha-rounds"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:137 chpasswd.8.xml.out:181 newusers.8.xml.out:322
+msgid "Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr "使用指定次数的轮转来加密密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:140 chpasswd.8.xml.out:184 newusers.8.xml.out:325
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number of rounds "
+"for the crypt method (5000)."
+msgstr "值 0 表示让系统为加密方法选择默认的轮转次数 (5000)。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:144 chpasswd.8.xml.out:188 newusers.8.xml.out:329
+msgid ""
+"A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced."
+msgstr "会强制最小 1,000，最大 9,9999,9999"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:148 chpasswd.8.xml.out:192 newusers.8.xml.out:333
+msgid "You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt method."
+msgstr "您只可以对 SHA256 或 SHA512 使用此选项。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:152 newusers.8.xml.out:337
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS "
+#| "and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and "
+"SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"默认，轮转数由 <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 文件中的 "
+"SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS 和 SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS 变量确定。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:163 chpasswd.8.xml.out:208 faillog.8.xml.out:209
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:229 groupadd.8.xml.out:285 groupdel.8.xml.out:121
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:206 login.1.xml.out:236 newusers.8.xml.out:348
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:354 shadow.3.xml.out:194 su.1.xml.out:306
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:682 userdel.8.xml.out:281 usermod.8.xml.out:517
+msgid "CAVEATS"
+msgstr "CAVEATS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:164 chpasswd.8.xml.out:209
+msgid ""
+"Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of unencrypted "
+"files by other users."
+msgstr "记住要设置权限或者掩码来阻止其它用户对未加密文件的读取。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:168 newusers.8.xml.out:353
+msgid ""
+"You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect the "
+"system's password policy."
+msgstr "您需要确保你吗和加密方法符合系统的密码策略。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:193 gpasswd.1.xml.out:48 gpasswd.1.xml.out:51
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:73 gpasswd.1.xml.out:231 gpasswd.1.xml.out:259
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:170 groupadd.8.xml.out:264 groupdel.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:191 groupmod.8.xml.out:227 groups.1.xml.out:58
+#: groups.1.xml.out:70 groups.1.xml.out:80 grpck.8.xml.out:62
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:81 grpck.8.xml.out:94 grpck.8.xml.out:112
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:164 grpck.8.xml.out:177 grpck.8.xml.out:185
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:211 gshadow.5.xml.out:91 gshadow.5.xml.out:124
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:135 newgrp.1.xml.out:80 newgrp.1.xml.out:112
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:411 pwck.8.xml.out:261 pwconv.8.xml.out:128
+#: sg.1.xml.out:101 suauth.5.xml.out:90 useradd.8.xml.out:755
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:185 usermod.8.xml.out:557 vipw.8.xml.out:69
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:175
+msgid "/etc/group"
+msgstr "/etc/group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:195 gpasswd.1.xml.out:261 groupadd.8.xml.out:266
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:150 groupmems.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:229
+#: groups.1.xml.out:82 grpck.8.xml.out:213 gshadow.5.xml.out:137
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:114 newusers.8.xml.out:413 pwck.8.xml.out:263
+#: sg.1.xml.out:103 useradd.8.xml.out:757 userdel.8.xml.out:187
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "Group account information."
+msgstr "组账户信息。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:199 gpasswd.1.xml.out:52 gpasswd.1.xml.out:74
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:232 gpasswd.1.xml.out:265 groupadd.8.xml.out:170
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:270 groupdel.8.xml.out:154 groupmems.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:88 groupmems.8.xml.out:98 groupmems.8.xml.out:103
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:104 groupmems.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:135
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:197 groupmod.8.xml.out:233 grpck.8.xml.out:63
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:93 grpck.8.xml.out:114 grpck.8.xml.out:166
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:186 grpck.8.xml.out:217 gshadow.5.xml.out:36
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:141 newgrp.1.xml.out:78 newgrp.1.xml.out:118
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:417 pwconv.8.xml.out:129 sg.1.xml.out:107
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:761 usermod.8.xml.out:563 vipw.8.xml.out:72
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:181
+msgid "/etc/gshadow"
+msgstr "/etc/gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:201 gpasswd.1.xml.out:267 groupadd.8.xml.out:272
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:156 groupmod.8.xml.out:235 grpck.8.xml.out:219
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:143 newgrp.1.xml.out:120 newusers.8.xml.out:419
+#: sg.1.xml.out:109 useradd.8.xml.out:763 vipw.8.xml.out:183
+msgid "Secure group account information."
+msgstr "安全组账户信息。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:217 gpasswd.1.xml.out:38 gpasswd.1.xml.out:45
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:59 gpasswd.1.xml.out:72 gpasswd.1.xml.out:85
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:119 groupadd.8.xml.out:354 groupdel.8.xml.out:214
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:335 gshadow.5.xml.out:153 login.defs.5.xml.out:280
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:142 sg.1.xml.out:131 userdel.8.xml.out:322
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:617
+msgid "gpasswd"
+msgstr "gpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: chgpasswd.8.xml.out:220 gpasswd.1.xml.out:280 groupadd.8.xml.out:36
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:43 groupadd.8.xml.out:49 groupadd.8.xml.out:61
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:82 groupadd.8.xml.out:292 groupadd.8.xml.out:300
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:217 groupmems.8.xml.out:218 groupmod.8.xml.out:338
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:290 useradd.8.xml.out:890 userdel.8.xml.out:325
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:620
+msgid "groupadd"
+msgstr "groupadd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:21 groupadd.8.xml.out:20 groupdel.8.xml.out:18
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:18 groups.1.xml.out:17 login.defs.5.xml.out:86
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:17 newgrp.1.xml.out:18 newusers.8.xml.out:33
+#: sg.1.xml.out:18 useradd.8.xml.out:36 userdel.8.xml.out:23
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "Creation, 1991"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:37 chpasswd.8.xml.out:44 chpasswd.8.xml.out:50
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:60 chpasswd.8.xml.out:70 chpasswd.8.xml.out:89
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:96 chpasswd.8.xml.out:108 chpasswd.8.xml.out:255
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:259 passwd.1.xml.out:474
+msgid "chpasswd"
+msgstr "chpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:45
+msgid "update passwords in batch mode"
+msgstr "批量更新密码"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>chgpasswd</command> command reads a list of group name and "
+#| "password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a "
+#| "set of existing groups. Each line is of the format:"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of user name and password pairs from "
+"standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing "
+"users. Each line is of the format:"
+msgstr ""
+"<command>chgpasswd</command> 命令从标准输入读取一系列组名和密码对，并使用此信"
+"息更新这些存在的组。每行的格式如下："
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:52 groupmems.8.xml.out:53
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmems.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "user_name"
+msgstr "user_name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:68
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are "
+#| "encrypted by <command>chpasswd</command>. Also the password age will be "
+#| "updated, if present."
+msgid ""
+"By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are encrypted "
+"by <_:command-1/>. Also the password age will be updated, if present."
+msgstr ""
+"默认必须明文提供密码，然后由 <command>chpasswd</command> 加密。如果存在密码年"
+"龄信息，也会更新之。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:76 chpasswd.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgid "MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgstr "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:73
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the "
+#| "ENCRYPT_METHOD variable of <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, and can "
+#| "be overwiten with the <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</option>, or "
+#| "<option>-c</option> options."
+msgid ""
+"The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:"
+"option-1/> or <_:option-2/> variables of <_:filename-3/>, and can be "
+"overwritten with the <_:option-4/>, <_:option-5/>, or <_:option-6/> options."
+msgstr ""
+"默认加密算法可以通过 <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 的 ENCRYPT_METHOD "
+"变量设置，并且可以使用 <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</option> 或 <option>-"
+"c</option> 选项覆盖。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:81
+msgid ""
+"By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not recommended) "
+"you can select a different encryption method with the <_:option-1/>, <_:"
+"option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:88
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords."
+msgid "Except when PAM is used to encrypt the passwords,"
+msgstr "默认，使用 PAM 来加密密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:87
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> <_:command-2/> first updates all the passwords in memory, and "
+"then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:93
+msgid ""
+"When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in the "
+"system database) then if a password cannot be updated <_:command-1/> "
+"continues updating the passwords of the next users, and will return an error "
+"code on exit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "METHOD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords."
+msgstr "默认，使用 PAM 来加密密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default behavior (if the <option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option>, "
+#| "and <option>-U</option> options are not specified) is defined by the "
+#| "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"By default (if none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> "
+"options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the <_:option-4/"
+"> or <_:option-5/> variables of <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"如果没有指定 <option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option> 和 <option>-U</option> "
+"选项，默认行为由 <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 中的 "
+"<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> 变量指定。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:178
+msgid "ROUNDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:198
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgstr "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS"
+msgstr "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:196
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS "
+#| "and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"By default, the number of rounds is defined by the <_:option-1/> and <_:"
+"option-2/> variables in <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"默认，轮转数由 <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 文件中的 "
+"SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS 和 SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS 变量确定。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:253
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/chpasswd"
+msgstr "/etc/pam.d/chpasswd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:255 newusers.8.xml.out:431 passwd.1.xml.out:413
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "PAM configuration for <command>passwd</command>."
+msgid "PAM configuration for <_:command-1/>."
+msgstr "<command>passwd</command> 的 PAM 配置。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:268 login.defs.5.xml.out:380 newusers.8.xml.out:49
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:56 newusers.8.xml.out:62 newusers.8.xml.out:75
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:96 newusers.8.xml.out:123 newusers.8.xml.out:132
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:151 newusers.8.xml.out:164 newusers.8.xml.out:170
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:172 newusers.8.xml.out:210 newusers.8.xml.out:230
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:252 newusers.8.xml.out:431 useradd.8.xml.out:902
+msgid "newusers"
+msgstr "newusers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:270 grpck.8.xml.out:285 passwd.1.xml.out:482
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:276 groupadd.8.xml.out:366 groupdel.8.xml.out:223
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:224 groupmod.8.xml.out:347 login.defs.5.xml.out:462
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:467 useradd.8.xml.out:52 useradd.8.xml.out:59
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:64 useradd.8.xml.out:71 useradd.8.xml.out:75
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:87 useradd.8.xml.out:90 useradd.8.xml.out:103
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:129 useradd.8.xml.out:187 useradd.8.xml.out:209
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:239 useradd.8.xml.out:284 useradd.8.xml.out:341
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:472 useradd.8.xml.out:584 useradd.8.xml.out:586
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:690 useradd.8.xml.out:808 userdel.8.xml.out:342
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:640
+msgid "useradd"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chpasswd.8.xml.out:263 newusers.8.xml.out:451
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:44
+msgid "change login shell"
+msgstr "更改登录 shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes the user login shell. This determines the "
+"name of the user's initial login command. A normal user may only change the "
+"login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell "
+"for any account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:163 su.1.xml.out:199 useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:655 usermod.8.xml.out:357
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "pw_shell"
+msgid "--shell"
+msgstr "pw_shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:97 su.1.xml.out:163 useradd.8.xml.out:517
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:522 useradd.8.xml.out:655 useradd.8.xml.out:662
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:357
+msgid "SHELL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank causes "
+"the system to select the default login shell."
+msgstr ""
+"用户的新登录 shell 的名称。将此字段设置为空会让系统选择默认的登录 shell。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:107
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If none of the options are selected, <command>chage</command> operates in "
+#| "an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for "
+#| "all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the "
+#| "line blank to use the current value. The current value is displayed "
+#| "between a pair of <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> marks."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:option-1/> option is not selected, <_:command-2/> operates in an "
+"interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell. Enter "
+"the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the "
+"current one. The current shell is displayed between a pair of <_:emphasis-3/"
+"> marks."
+msgstr ""
+"如果没有选择任何选项，<command>chage</command> 会进入交互模式，以所有字段的当"
+"前值提示用户。输入一个新值可以更改这些字段，或者留空使用当前值。当前值出现在 "
+"<emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> 标记对里。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:120 chsh.1.xml.out:124 chsh.1.xml.out:153 su.1.xml.out:198
+msgid "/etc/shells"
+msgstr "/etc/shells"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "/bin/rsh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:118
+msgid ""
+"The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must "
+"be listed in <_:filename-1/>, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then "
+"any value may be added. An account with a restricted login shell may not "
+"change her login shell. For this reason, placing <_:filename-2/> in <_:"
+"filename-3/> is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted "
+"shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its "
+"original value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: chsh.1.xml.out:155
+msgid "List of valid login shells."
+msgstr "可用的登录 shell 的列表。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:37 expiry.1.xml.out:44 expiry.1.xml.out:50
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:60 expiry.1.xml.out:69
+msgid "expiry"
+msgstr "expiry"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:45
+msgid "check and enforce password expiration policy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:52 gpasswd.1.xml.out:61
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "选项"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:59
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command checks (<_:option-2/>) the current password "
+"expiration and forces (<_:option-3/>) changes when required. It is callable "
+"as a normal user command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:73
+msgid "--check"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:75
+msgid "Check the password expiration of the current user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:79 groupadd.8.xml.out:88 groupdel.8.xml.out:72
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "--force"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: expiry.1.xml.out:81
+msgid "Force a password change if the current user has an expired password."
+msgstr "如果用户密码过期，则强制用户修改密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:17 faillog.8.xml.out:17 login.1.xml.out:50
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:24 passwd.5.xml.out:17 porttime.5.xml.out:17
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:17 shadow.5.xml.out:17 su.1.xml.out:34
+msgid "Creation, 1989"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:33 faillog.5.xml.out:40 faillog.5.xml.out:87
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:33 faillog.8.xml.out:40 faillog.8.xml.out:46
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:56 faillog.8.xml.out:59 faillog.8.xml.out:67
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:76 faillog.8.xml.out:203 faillog.8.xml.out:211
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:238
+msgid "faillog"
+msgstr "faillog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:35 gshadow.5.xml.out:24 limits.5.xml.out:37
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:36 login.defs.5.xml.out:104 passwd.5.xml.out:35
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:35 shadow.5.xml.out:35 suauth.5.xml.out:35
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "File Formats and Conversions"
+msgid "File Formats and Configuration Files"
+msgstr "文件格式和转化"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "login failure logging file"
+msgstr "登录失败的日志文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:47 faillog.5.xml.out:75 faillog.8.xml.out:57
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:113 faillog.8.xml.out:138 faillog.8.xml.out:150
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "/var/log/faillog"
+msgstr "/var/log/faillog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:46
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:50
+msgid ""
+"The file contains fixed length records, indexed by numerical UID. Each "
+"record contains the count of login failures since the last successful login; "
+"the maximum number of failures before the account is disabled; the line on "
+"which the last login failure occurred; the date of the last login failure; "
+"and the duration (in seconds) during which the account will be locked after "
+"a failure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "The structure of the file is:"
+msgstr "文件的结构是："
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "struct\tfaillog {\n"
+#| "\tshort   fail_cnt;\n"
+#| "\tshort   fail_max;\n"
+#| "\tchar    fail_line[12];\n"
+#| "\ttime_t  fail_time;\n"
+#| "\tlong    fail_locktime;\n"
+#| "};"
+msgid ""
+"struct faillog { short fail_cnt; short fail_max; char fail_line[12]; time_t "
+"fail_time; long fail_locktime; };"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"struct\tfaillog {\n"
+"\tshort   fail_cnt;\n"
+"\tshort   fail_max;\n"
+"\tchar    fail_line[12];\n"
+"\ttime_t  fail_time;\n"
+"\tlong    fail_locktime;\n"
+"};"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.5.xml.out:77 faillog.8.xml.out:225
+msgid "Failure logging file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "display faillog records or set login failure limits"
+msgstr "显示登录失败记录或设置登录失败限制"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:55
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> displays the contents of the failure log database (<_:"
+"filename-2/>). It can also set the failure counters and limits. When <_:"
+"command-3/> is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records "
+"of the users who had a login failure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72 faillog.8.xml.out:215 gpasswd.1.xml.out:124
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:83 groupmod.8.xml.out:73 passwd.1.xml.out:157
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:78 usermod.8.xml.out:210
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-a"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:72 passwd.1.xml.out:157
+msgid "--all"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:74
+msgid ""
+"Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the <_:"
+"filename-1/> database."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:78
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The range of users can be restricted with the <option>-u</option> option."
+msgid "The range of users can be restricted with the <_:option-1/> option."
+msgstr "用户的范围可以使用 <option>-u</option> 选项限制。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:82
+msgid ""
+"In display mode, this is still restricted to existing users but forces the "
+"display of the faillog entries even if they are empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:89 faillog.8.xml.out:169 lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-t"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:87
+msgid ""
+"With the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:option-4/> options, "
+"the users' records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the "
+"system. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or "
+"to set a policy in advance for a range of users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105
+msgid "--lock-secs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:105 faillog.8.xml.out:109
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "USE_TCB"
+msgid "SEC"
+msgstr "USE_TCB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:108
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Lock account for <replaceable>SEC</replaceable> seconds after failed "
+#| "login."
+msgid "Lock account for <_:replaceable-1/> seconds after failed login."
+msgstr "登录失败后锁定账户 <replaceable>SEC</replaceable> 秒。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:112 faillog.8.xml.out:137 faillog.8.xml.out:149
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Write access to <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> is required for "
+#| "this option."
+msgid "Write access to <_:filename-1/> is required for this option."
+msgstr "此选项要求对 <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> 有写入权限。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "--maximum"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:120 faillog.8.xml.out:125 faillog.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:123
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:127
+msgid ""
+"Selecting a <_:replaceable-1/> value of 0 has the effect of not placing a "
+"limit on the number of failed logins."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:134 groupmems.8.xml.out:160 porttime.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"The maximum failure count should always be 0 for <_:emphasis-1/> to prevent "
+"a denial of services attack against the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:144
+msgid "--reset"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "Reset the counters of login failures."
+msgstr "重置登录失败计数。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 lastlog.8.xml.out:128
+msgid "--time"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:169 faillog.8.xml.out:174 lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:79 lastlog.8.xml.out:128 lastlog.8.xml.out:133
+msgid "DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:172
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Display faillog records more recent than <replaceable>DAYS</replaceable>."
+msgid "Display faillog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr "显示新于 <replaceable>DAYS</replaceable> 的登录失败记录。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180 lastlog.8.xml.out:90 lastlog.8.xml.out:122
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 vipw.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "--user"
+msgstr "用户"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:180 faillog.8.xml.out:190 faillog.8.xml.out:191
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:139 lastlog.8.xml.out:147 lastlog.8.xml.out:148
+msgid "RANGE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:179 lastlog.8.xml.out:138
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#| "replaceable>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>|<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used "
+"with <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/> options) only for the "
+"specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:193 lastlog.8.xml.out:149
+msgid "UID_MIN-UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:194 lastlog.8.xml.out:150
+msgid "-UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:195 lastlog.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "UID_MIN-"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:188 lastlog.8.xml.out:145
+msgid ""
+"The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a <_:"
+"replaceable-1/> of users. This <_:replaceable-2/> of users can be specified "
+"with a min and max values (<_:replaceable-3/>), a max value (<_:"
+"replaceable-4/>), or a min value (<_:replaceable-5/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:201
+msgid ""
+"When none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options are "
+"used, <_:command-4/> displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:210
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> only prints out users with no successful login since the last "
+"failure. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last "
+"failure, you must explicitly request the user with the <_:option-2/> flag, "
+"or print out all users with the <_:option-3/> flag."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: faillog.8.xml.out:235 limits.5.xml.out:125 limits.5.xml.out:185
+#: login.1.xml.out:66 login.1.xml.out:73 login.1.xml.out:79 login.1.xml.out:87
+#: login.1.xml.out:94 login.1.xml.out:103 login.1.xml.out:106
+#: login.1.xml.out:108 login.1.xml.out:112 login.1.xml.out:119
+#: login.1.xml.out:171 login.1.xml.out:177 login.1.xml.out:230
+#: login.1.xml.out:238 login.1.xml.out:247 login.1.xml.out:253
+#: login.1.xml.out:259 login.access.5.xml.out:112 login.defs.5.xml.out:343
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:518 login.defs.5.xml.out:530 newgrp.1.xml.out:133
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:60 passwd.5.xml.out:125 passwd.5.xml.out:132
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:179 porttime.5.xml.out:121 shadow.5.xml.out:265
+#: sg.1.xml.out:122 su.1.xml.out:415
+msgid "login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:20
+msgid "Rafal"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:21
+msgid "Maszkowski"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:22 login.access.5.xml.out:18 pwconv.8.xml.out:23
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Creation, 1996"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:47
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administer <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "administer <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr "管理员 <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:50
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administer <placeholder-1/> and <placeholder-2/>"
+msgid "administer <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>"
+msgstr "管理员 <placeholder-1/> 和 <placeholder-2/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:64 gpasswd.1.xml.out:89 gpasswd.1.xml.out:129
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:142 gpasswd.1.xml.out:177 gpasswd.1.xml.out:181
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:193 gpasswd.1.xml.out:197 gpasswd.1.xml.out:292
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:49 grpck.8.xml.out:188 grpck.8.xml.out:280
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:156 limits.5.xml.out:138 newgrp.1.xml.out:48
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:145 pwck.8.xml.out:336 pwconv.8.xml.out:114
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:120 sg.1.xml.out:134 vipw.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "group"
+msgstr "group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:73
+msgid ", and <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:76
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "administrators,"
+msgstr "管理员"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:71
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to administer <_:filename-2/><_:phrase-3/"
+">. Every group can have <_:phrase-4/> members and a password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:80 gpasswd.1.xml.out:112 gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-A"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:79
+msgid ""
+"System administrators can use the <_:option-1/> option to define group "
+"administrator(s) and the <_:option-2/> option to define members. They have "
+"all rights of group administrators and members."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:86
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "a group administrator"
+msgstr "管理员"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "a system administrator"
+msgstr "管理员"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:84
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> called by <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> with a group name only "
+"prompts for the new password of the <_:replaceable-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:93 gpasswd.1.xml.out:180 gpasswd.1.xml.out:196
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:277 groups.1.xml.out:71 groups.1.xml.out:92
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:76 gshadow.5.xml.out:165 newgrp.1.xml.out:34
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:41 newgrp.1.xml.out:47 newgrp.1.xml.out:55
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:63 newgrp.1.xml.out:66 sg.1.xml.out:60 sg.1.xml.out:64
+#: sg.1.xml.out:65 sg.1.xml.out:66 sg.1.xml.out:125
+msgid "newgrp"
+msgstr "newgrp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:91
+msgid ""
+"If a password is set the members can still use <_:citerefentry-1/> without a "
+"password, and non-members must supply the password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:99
+msgid "Notes about group passwords"
+msgstr "请注意组密码"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"Group passwords are an inherent security problem since more than one person "
+"is permitted to know the password. However, groups are a useful tool for "
+"permitting co-operation between different users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:111
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Except for the <option>-A</option> and <option>-M</option> options, the "
+#| "options cannot be combined."
+msgid ""
+"Except for the <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options, the options cannot "
+"be combined."
+msgstr ""
+"除了 <option>-A</option> 和 <option>-M</option> 选项，其它选项不能联合使用。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:115
+msgid "The options cannot be combined."
+msgstr "这些选项不能组合使用。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124 groupmems.8.xml.out:83
+msgid "--add"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:124 gpasswd.1.xml.out:128 gpasswd.1.xml.out:137
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:141 gpasswd.1.xml.out:205 gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+#: groups.1.xml.out:48 groups.1.xml.out:59
+msgid "user"
+msgstr "用户"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:127
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the <replaceable>user</replaceable> to the named <replaceable>group</"
+#| "replaceable>."
+msgid "Add the <_:replaceable-1/> to the named <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"向名为 <replaceable>group</replaceable> 的组中添加用户 <replaceable>user</"
+"replaceable>。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:137 groupmems.8.xml.out:94 passwd.1.xml.out:168
+msgid "--delete"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:140
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Remove the <replaceable>user</replaceable> from the named "
+#| "<replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+msgid "Remove the <_:replaceable-1/> from the named <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"从名为 <replaceable>group</replaceable> 的组中移除用户 <replaceable>user</"
+"replaceable>。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-Q"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:173
+msgid "--remove-password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:176
+msgid ""
+"Remove the password from the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password "
+"will be empty. Only group members will be allowed to use <_:command-2/> to "
+"join the named <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:189
+msgid "--restrict"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:192
+msgid ""
+"Restrict the access to the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password is "
+"set to \"!\". Only group members with a password will be allowed to use <_:"
+"command-2/> to join the named <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "--administrators"
+msgstr "管理员"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:204 gpasswd.1.xml.out:216
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>,..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:208
+msgid "Set the list of administrative users."
+msgstr "设置有管理权限的用户列表。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:217
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "members"
+msgid "--members"
+msgstr "成员"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:220
+msgid "Set the list of group members."
+msgstr "设置组成员列表。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:232
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:234
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "file"
+msgid "file."
+msgstr "文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:230
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on "
+#| "the corresponding server."
+msgid ""
+"This tool only operates on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> "
+"Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr "您可能不能想 NIS 组或 LDAP 组添加用户。这只能在相应服务器上进行。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:283 groupadd.8.xml.out:357 groupdel.8.xml.out:34
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:41 groupdel.8.xml.out:47 groupdel.8.xml.out:57
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:66 groupdel.8.xml.out:165 groupmems.8.xml.out:221
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:341 login.defs.5.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:893
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:328 usermod.8.xml.out:623
+msgid "groupdel"
+msgstr "groupdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:286 groupadd.8.xml.out:360 groupdel.8.xml.out:220
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:34 groupmod.8.xml.out:41 groupmod.8.xml.out:47
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:58 groupmod.8.xml.out:67 groupmod.8.xml.out:256
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:107 grpck.8.xml.out:283 login.defs.5.xml.out:311
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:896 userdel.8.xml.out:331 usermod.8.xml.out:626
+msgid "groupmod"
+msgstr "groupmod"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:289 grpck.8.xml.out:33 grpck.8.xml.out:40
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:46 grpck.8.xml.out:60 grpck.8.xml.out:116
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:128 grpck.8.xml.out:141 grpck.8.xml.out:184
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:234 gshadow.5.xml.out:159 login.defs.5.xml.out:318
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:339 pwconv.8.xml.out:198 pwconv.8.xml.out:242
+msgid "grpck"
+msgstr "grpck"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:295 grpck.8.xml.out:95 grpck.8.xml.out:287
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:22 gshadow.5.xml.out:29 newgrp.1.xml.out:148
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:114 pwconv.8.xml.out:115 pwconv.8.xml.out:121
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:122 sg.1.xml.out:137 vipw.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "gshadow"
+msgstr "gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:293 newgrp.1.xml.out:146 sg.1.xml.out:135
+msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gpasswd.1.xml.out:275 newgrp.1.xml.out:128 sg.1.xml.out:117
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/><_:phrase-7/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:44
+msgid "create a new group"
+msgstr "创建一个新组"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:54 groupadd.8.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "NEWGROUP"
+msgstr "GROUP"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When invoked without the <option>-D</option> option, the "
+#| "<command>useradd</command> command creates a new user account using the "
+#| "values specified on the command line plus the default values from the "
+#| "system. Depending on command line options, the <command>useradd</command> "
+#| "command will update system files and may also create the new user's home "
+#| "directory and copy initial files."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates a new group account using the values "
+"specified on the command line plus the default values from the system. The "
+"new group will be entered into the system files as needed."
+msgstr ""
+"如果使用时不带 <option>-D</option> 选项，<command>useradd</command> 命令使用"
+"命令行上指定的值和系统的默认值创建一个新用户。根据命令行选项，"
+"<command>useradd</command> 命令也会更新系统文件和创建新用户的主目录并复制初始"
+"文件。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:66
+msgid ""
+"Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, "
+"underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not "
+"allowed at the beginning of the groupname. Fully numeric groupnames and "
+"groupnames . or .. are also disallowed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgid "Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgstr "用户名不能超过 32 个字符长。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:94 groupadd.8.xml.out:95 groupadd.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:236 groupmems.8.xml.out:110 groupmod.8.xml.out:82
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:136 groupmod.8.xml.out:201 useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230 useradd.8.xml.out:264 useradd.8.xml.out:391
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:396 useradd.8.xml.out:557 useradd.8.xml.out:639
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:174 vipw.8.xml.out:90
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-g"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:91
+msgid ""
+"This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the "
+"specified group already exists. When used with <_:option-1/>, and the "
+"specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. <_:"
+"option-2/> is turned off)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:82 useradd.8.xml.out:230
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639 usermod.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "--gid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:102 groupadd.8.xml.out:105 groupadd.8.xml.out:151
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73 groupmod.8.xml.out:82 groupmod.8.xml.out:87
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:91 groupmod.8.xml.out:137 newusers.8.xml.out:300
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:469
+msgid "GID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:108 groupadd.8.xml.out:134 groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:195 groupmod.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:105
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless "
+#| "the <option>-o</option> option is used. The value must be non-negative. "
+#| "The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than 999 and greater "
+#| "than every other user. Values between 0 and 999 are typically reserved "
+#| "for system accounts."
+msgid ""
+"The numerical value of the group's ID. <_:replaceable-1/> must be unique, "
+"unless the <_:option-2/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The "
+"default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-3/"
+"> and greater than every other group."
+msgstr ""
+"用户 ID 的数字值。此值必须为唯一的，出发使用了 <option>-o</option> 选项。此值"
+"必须非负，默认使用大于 999，且大于任何其他用户 ID 最小值。0 到 999 之间的值一"
+"般保留做系统账户。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:113 groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:195 groupmod.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:111 useradd.8.xml.out:541
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "See also the <option>-r</option> option and the <option>UID_MAX</option> "
+#| "description."
+msgid "See also the <_:option-1/> option and the <_:option-2/> description."
+msgstr "请参考 <option>-r</option> 选项和 <option>UID_MAX</option> 的描述。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 groupadd.8.xml.out:131 groupadd.8.xml.out:134
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:314 useradd.8.xml.out:317 useradd.8.xml.out:319
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-K"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "--key"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "KEY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:125 useradd.8.xml.out:303
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "EXIT VALUES"
+msgid "VALUE"
+msgstr "退出值"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:124 useradd.8.xml.out:302
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#| "replaceable>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>=<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:128
+msgid ""
+"Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others). Multiple "
+"<_:option-2/> options can be specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:134 useradd.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "10"
+msgid "100"
+msgstr "10"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:135 groupadd.8.xml.out:138 useradd.8.xml.out:321
+msgid "499"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Remove the <replaceable>user</replaceable> from the named "
+#| "<replaceable>group</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> <_:option-4/> "
+"<_:replaceable-5/>=<_:replaceable-6/>"
+msgstr ""
+"从名为 <replaceable>group</replaceable> 的组中移除用户 <replaceable>user</"
+"replaceable>。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:138 groupadd.8.xml.out:333 groupdel.8.xml.out:192
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:295 useradd.8.xml.out:853 userdel.8.xml.out:265
+msgid "10"
+msgstr "10"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:137
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#| "replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>GID_MAX</"
+#| "replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable> doesn't work yet."
+msgid ""
+"Note: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/>,<_:replaceable-4/"
+">=<_:replaceable-5/> doesn't work yet."
+msgstr ""
+"注意：<option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+"replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>GID_MAX</"
+"replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable> 尚不能工作。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:145 groupmod.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:405
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "--non-unique"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:148
+msgid ""
+"permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID. As a "
+"result, for this <_:replaceable-1/>, the mapping towards group <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> may not be unique."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmems.8.xml.out:55 groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:143 login.1.xml.out:80 login.1.xml.out:88
+#: login.1.xml.out:95 login.1.xml.out:212 su.1.xml.out:207
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:237 usermod.8.xml.out:290
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:411 vipw.8.xml.out:102
+msgid "-p"
+msgstr "-p"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmod.8.xml.out:143 useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "--password"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:158 groupmod.8.xml.out:143 useradd.8.xml.out:425
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:290
+msgid "PASSWORD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:163 groupmod.8.xml.out:148 gshadow.5.xml.out:62
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:68 passwd.5.xml.out:103 passwd.5.xml.out:109
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:170 shadow.5.xml.out:88 shadow.5.xml.out:94
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:430 useradd.8.xml.out:887 usermod.8.xml.out:295
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:614
+msgid "crypt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:164 groupadd.8.xml.out:315 groupmod.8.xml.out:148
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:271 groups.1.xml.out:68 groups.1.xml.out:104
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:255 gshadow.5.xml.out:63 gshadow.5.xml.out:69
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:443 passwd.5.xml.out:104 passwd.5.xml.out:110
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:170 passwd.5.xml.out:176 pwck.8.xml.out:305
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:34 shadow.3.xml.out:217 shadow.5.xml.out:89
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:95 useradd.8.xml.out:431 useradd.8.xml.out:829
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:887 usermod.8.xml.out:296 usermod.8.xml.out:614
+msgid "3"
+msgstr "3"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:161
+msgid ""
+"defines an initial password for the group account. PASSWORD is expected to "
+"be encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:166
+msgid ""
+"Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password "
+"defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths "
+"system account file <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:173 groupmod.8.xml.out:152 useradd.8.xml.out:444
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:93 usermod.8.xml.out:299
+msgid "Note:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:172 groupmod.8.xml.out:151
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis role=\"bold\">Note:</emphasis> This option is not recommended "
+#| "because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users "
+#| "listing the processes."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> This option is not recommended because the password (or "
+"encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">注意：</emphasis>不推荐使用这个选项，因为密码(或加密"
+"过的密码)会被用户通过列出这个过程而看到。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:177 groupmod.8.xml.out:156 useradd.8.xml.out:448
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:309
+msgid ""
+"You should make sure the password respects the system's password policy."
+msgstr "您应该确保密码符合系统的密码政策。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:185 newusers.8.xml.out:287 useradd.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "--system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "Create a system group."
+msgstr "创建一个系统组。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "SYS_GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:193 groupmod.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "SYS_GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:191
+msgid ""
+"The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the <_:option-1/>-"
+"<_:option-2/> range, defined in <_:filename-3/>, instead of <_:option-4/>-<_:"
+"option-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupdel.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502 userdel.8.xml.out:136 usermod.8.xml.out:341
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-P"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupdel.8.xml.out:102 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:502 userdel.8.xml.out:136 usermod.8.xml.out:341
+msgid "--prefix"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:214 groupadd.8.xml.out:219 groupdel.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:106 groupdel.8.xml.out:108 groupmod.8.xml.out:177
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:181 groupmod.8.xml.out:183 useradd.8.xml.out:502
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:507 userdel.8.xml.out:136 userdel.8.xml.out:140
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:142 usermod.8.xml.out:341 usermod.8.xml.out:346
+msgid "PREFIX_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:217 useradd.8.xml.out:505
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under "
+"the directory <_:replaceable-1/>. This option does not chroot and is "
+"intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and "
+"LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host "
+"files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:229 groupadd.8.xml.out:237 groupmod.8.xml.out:194
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:202 useradd.8.xml.out:96 useradd.8.xml.out:397
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:549 useradd.8.xml.out:558 usermod.8.xml.out:238
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:405
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-U"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:229 groupmod.8.xml.out:194
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "--users"
+msgstr "用户"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:232 groupmod.8.xml.out:197
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Administrators can change the password or the members of the group."
+msgid "A list of usernames to add as members of the group."
+msgstr "管理员可以更改组密码和成员。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:237 groupmod.8.xml.out:202 useradd.8.xml.out:96
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:386 useradd.8.xml.out:397 useradd.8.xml.out:558
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-N"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:238 groupmod.8.xml.out:203 login.defs.5.xml.out:448
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:97 useradd.8.xml.out:240 useradd.8.xml.out:398
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:559 userdel.8.xml.out:86 userdel.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:235 groupmod.8.xml.out:200 useradd.8.xml.out:395
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:556
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default behavior (if the <option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option>, "
+#| "and <option>-U</option> options are not specified) is defined by the "
+#| "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"The default behavior (if the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, and <_:option-3/> "
+"options are not specified) is defined by the <_:option-4/> variable in <_:"
+"filename-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+"如果没有指定 <option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option> 和 <option>-U</option> "
+"选项，默认行为由 <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 中的 "
+"<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> 变量指定。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:286
+msgid ""
+"You may not add a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:290
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database "
+#| "such as NIS or LDAP, <command>useradd</command> will deny the user "
+#| "account creation request."
+msgid ""
+"If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or "
+"LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the group creation request."
+msgstr ""
+"相似地，如果用户名已经存在于外部用户数据库中，比如 NIS 或 LDAP，"
+"<command>useradd</command> 将拒绝创建用户账户的请求。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:317 passwd.1.xml.out:463 useradd.8.xml.out:831
+msgid "invalid argument to option"
+msgstr "给了选项一个无效的参数"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:321 groupmod.8.xml.out:277 grpck.8.xml.out:261
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:449 pwck.8.xml.out:311 useradd.8.xml.out:835
+msgid "4"
+msgstr "4"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:323
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "UID already in use (and no <option>-o</option>)"
+msgid "GID is already used (when called without <_:option-1/>)"
+msgstr "UID 已经使用 (且没有 <option>-o</option>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:327 groupmod.8.xml.out:289 useradd.8.xml.out:847
+msgid "9"
+msgstr "9"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:329
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "group name is already used"
+msgstr "组名已经在使用"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:335 groupdel.8.xml.out:194 useradd.8.xml.out:855
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:267
+msgid "can't update group file"
+msgstr "无法更新组文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:369 groupdel.8.xml.out:226 groupmems.8.xml.out:227
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:350 login.defs.5.xml.out:480 useradd.8.xml.out:913
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:39 userdel.8.xml.out:46 userdel.8.xml.out:51
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:62 userdel.8.xml.out:71 userdel.8.xml.out:82
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211 userdel.8.xml.out:232 userdel.8.xml.out:283
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:298 userdel.8.xml.out:300 usermod.8.xml.out:643
+msgid "userdel"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:372 groupdel.8.xml.out:229 groupmems.8.xml.out:230
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:353 login.defs.5.xml.out:490 passwd.1.xml.out:488
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:140 pwck.8.xml.out:348 useradd.8.xml.out:916
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:345 usermod.8.xml.out:40 usermod.8.xml.out:47
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:53 usermod.8.xml.out:64 usermod.8.xml.out:72
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:263 usermod.8.xml.out:522
+msgid "usermod"
+msgstr "usermod"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupadd.8.xml.out:344 groupmod.8.xml.out:324
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-10/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:42
+msgid "delete a group"
+msgstr "删除一个组"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:51 groupdel.8.xml.out:59 groupmod.8.xml.out:51
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:59 groupmod.8.xml.out:86 groupmod.8.xml.out:102
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:125 suauth.5.xml.out:85 suauth.5.xml.out:87
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:230 useradd.8.xml.out:249 useradd.8.xml.out:392
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:639 useradd.8.xml.out:648 usermod.8.xml.out:174
+msgid "GROUP"
+msgstr "GROUP"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>groupdel</command> command modifies the system account "
+#| "files, deleting all entries that refer to <replaceable>GROUP</"
+#| "replaceable>. The named group must exist."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all "
+"entries that refer to <_:replaceable-2/>. The named group must exist."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>userdel</command> 修改系统账户文件，删除与 <replaceable>GROUP</"
+"replaceable> 相关的所有项目。给出的组名必须存在。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"This option forces the removal of the group, even if there's some user "
+"having the group as the primary one."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:105 groupmod.8.xml.out:180 userdel.8.xml.out:139
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration "
+"files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. This option does not chroot and "
+"is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS "
+"and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host "
+"files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:122
+msgid ""
+"You may not remove the primary group of any existing user. You must remove "
+"the user before you remove the group."
+msgstr "您不能移除现有用户的主组。在移除此组之前，必须先移除此用户。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:126
+msgid ""
+"You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain "
+"owned by this group."
+msgstr "您需要手动检查所有文件系统，以确保没有遗留的属于此组的文件。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:180 groupmod.8.xml.out:283 passwd.1.xml.out:461
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:323 useradd.8.xml.out:841 userdel.8.xml.out:253
+msgid "6"
+msgstr "6"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:182 useradd.8.xml.out:843
+msgid "specified group doesn't exist"
+msgstr "指定的组不存在"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "can't remove user's primary group"
+msgstr "不能移除用户的主组"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupdel.8.xml.out:203 login.1.xml.out:375 shadow.5.xml.out:260
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:18
+msgid "George"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:19
+msgid "Kraft"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/lineage
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:20
+msgid "IV"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:21
+msgid "Creation, 2000"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:37 groupmems.8.xml.out:44 groupmems.8.xml.out:50
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:63 groupmems.8.xml.out:65 groupmems.8.xml.out:71
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:78 groupmems.8.xml.out:159 groupmems.8.xml.out:163
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:305
+msgid "groupmems"
+msgstr "groupmems"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:45
+msgid "administer members of a user's primary group"
+msgstr "用户主组的管理员成员"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:52
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-a <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-a <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:53
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-d <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-d <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-d <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: group/arg
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:54
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-g <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-g <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-g <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:62
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command allows a user to administer their own group "
+"membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges. The <_:"
+"command-2/> utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their "
+"own name sake primary group (i.e., guest / guest)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Administrators can change the password or the members of the group."
+msgid ""
+"Only the superuser, as administrator, can use <_:command-1/> to alter the "
+"memberships of other groups."
+msgstr "管理员可以更改组密码和成员。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Add an user to the group membership list."
+msgid "Add a user to the group membership list."
+msgstr "将一个用户添加到组成员列表。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:86 groupmems.8.xml.out:102 groupmems.8.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:filename-1/> file exist, and the group has no entry in the <_:"
+"filename-2/> file, a new entry will be created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:96
+msgid "Delete a user from the group membership list."
+msgstr "从组成员列表中删除用户。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:97
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file exist, the user will be "
+#| "removed from the list of members and administrators of the group."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:filename-1/> file exist, the user will be removed from the list of "
+"members and administrators of the group."
+msgstr ""
+"如果 <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> 文件存在，用户将会被从组成员和管理员中"
+"移除。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:110 vipw.8.xml.out:90
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group"
+msgid "--group"
+msgstr "group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:112
+msgid "The superuser can specify which group membership list to modify."
+msgstr "超级用户可以指定修改哪个组的组成员列表。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "List the group membership list."
+msgstr "列出组成员。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:130
+msgid "--purge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:132
+msgid "Purge all users from the group membership list."
+msgstr "从组成员列表中删除所有用户。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:157
+msgid "SETUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/literal
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:160
+msgid "2710"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:161 groupmems.8.xml.out:162 groups.1.xml.out:33
+#: groups.1.xml.out:40 groups.1.xml.out:46 groups.1.xml.out:56
+msgid "groups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> executable should be in mode <_:literal-2/> as user <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> and in group <_:emphasis-4/>. The system administrator can add "
+"users to group <_:emphasis-5/> to allow or disallow them using the <_:"
+"command-6/> utility to manage their own group membership list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:167
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "\t$ groupadd -r groups\n"
+#| "\t$ chmod 2710 groupmems\n"
+#| "\t$ chown root.groups groupmems\n"
+#| "\t$ groupmems -g groups -a gk4\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid ""
+"$ groupadd -r groups $ chmod 2710 groupmems $ chown root.groups groupmems $ "
+"groupmems -g groups -a gk4"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"\t$ groupadd -r groups\n"
+"\t$ chmod 2710 groupmems\n"
+"\t$ chown root.groups groupmems\n"
+"\t$ groupmems -g groups -a gk4\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "secure group account information"
+msgstr "安全组账户信息"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmems.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:42
+msgid "modify a group definition on the system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the definition of the specified <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:73 usermod.8.xml.out:78
+msgid "--append"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If group members are specified with -U, append them to the existing member "
+"list, rather than replacing it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:85
+msgid ""
+"The group ID of the given <_:replaceable-1/> will be changed to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:89
+msgid ""
+"The value of <_:replaceable-1/> must be a non-negative decimal integer. This "
+"value must be unique, unless the <_:option-2/> option is used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:95
+msgid ""
+"Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to keep the group "
+"as their primary group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid ""
+"Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>, must have their group ID changed manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:105 usermod.8.xml.out:395
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "No checks will be performed with regard to the <option>UID_MIN</option>, "
+#| "<option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>, or "
+#| "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"No checks will be performed with regard to the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, "
+"<_:option-3/>, or <_:option-4/> from <_:filename-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+"不会对 <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 中的 <option>UID_MIN</option>, "
+"<option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> 和 "
+"<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> 进行检查。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121 passwd.1.xml.out:246
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-n"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121
+msgid "--new-name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:121 groupmod.8.xml.out:126
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "NEW_GROUP"
+msgstr "GROUP"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"The name of the group will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:135
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When used with the <option>-u</option> option, this option allows to "
+#| "change the user ID to a non-unique value."
+msgid ""
+"When used with the <_:option-1/> option, allow to change the group <_:"
+"replaceable-2/> to a non-unique value."
+msgstr "使用 <option>-u</option> 选项时，可以将用户 ID 改为非唯一的值。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "The encrypted password, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:261
+msgid "E_SUCCESS: success"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:267
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "invalid command syntax"
+msgid "E_USAGE: invalid command syntax"
+msgstr "无效的命令语法"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:273
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "invalid argument to option"
+msgid "E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option"
+msgstr "给了选项一个无效的参数"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:279
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use"
+msgstr "组名已经在使用"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:285
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "specified group doesn't exist"
+msgid "E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn't exist"
+msgstr "指定的组不存在"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:291
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use"
+msgstr "组名已经在使用"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:297
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "can't update group file"
+msgid "E_GRP_UPDATE: can't update group file"
+msgstr "无法更新组文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:301
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "1"
+msgid "11"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:303
+msgid "E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can't setup cleanup service"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:307 useradd.8.xml.out:859 userdel.8.xml.out:271
+msgid "12"
+msgstr "12"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "E_PAM_USERNAME: can't determine your username for use with pam"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:313
+msgid "13"
+msgstr "13"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: groupmod.8.xml.out:315
+msgid ""
+"E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the "
+"PAM error message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: groups.1.xml.out:41
+msgid "display current group names"
+msgstr "显示当前组名"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:55
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command displays the current group names or ID values. If "
+"the value does not have a corresponding entry in <_:filename-2/>, the value "
+"will be displayed as the numerical group value. The optional <_:"
+"replaceable-3/> parameter will display the groups for the named user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:68 groups.1.xml.out:104
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "initgroups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#: groups.1.xml.out:71 newgrp.1.xml.out:139 sg.1.xml.out:34 sg.1.xml.out:41
+#: sg.1.xml.out:47 sg.1.xml.out:59 sg.1.xml.out:62 sg.1.xml.out:64
+#: sg.1.xml.out:67 sg.1.xml.out:68 su.1.xml.out:421
+msgid "sg"
+msgstr "sg"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:66
+msgid ""
+"Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see <_:citerefentry-1/>) "
+"will have the information from <_:filename-2/> reported. The user must use "
+"<_:command-3/> or <_:command-4/> to change his current real and effective "
+"group ID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:95
+msgid "getgid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:98
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "getgroups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: groups.1.xml.out:101
+msgid "getuid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: groups.1.xml.out:90 gshadow.5.xml.out:151 pwck.8.xml.out:334
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:17 lastlog.8.xml.out:19 pwck.8.xml.out:24
+msgid "Creation, 1992"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "verify integrity of group files"
+msgstr "检查组文件的完整性"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:62 grpck.8.xml.out:165 grpck.8.xml.out:185
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>pwck</command> command verifies the integrity of the users "
+#| "and authentication information. It checks that all entries in <filename>/"
+#| "etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\">(or the files in <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>, when "
+#| "<option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled)</phrase> have the proper format and "
+#| "contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are "
+#| "improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the groups information. "
+"It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/> have the proper "
+"format and contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that "
+"are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>pwck</command> 命令检查用户及其认证信息的完整性。它检查 <filename>/"
+"etc/passwd</filename> 和 <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase "
+"condition=\"tcb\">(或者在 <option>USE_TCB</option> 启用时，<filename>/etc/"
+"tcb</filename> 中的文件)</phrase> 格式正确、数据有效。将会提示用户删除格式不"
+"正确或者有其它错误的项。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:69 pwck.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "Checks are made to verify that each entry has:"
+msgstr "检查的项目有："
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:73 pwck.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "the correct number of fields"
+msgstr "正确的字段数"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "a unique and valid group name"
+msgstr "一个唯一且有效的组名"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:81
+msgid "(<_:filename-1/> only)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:79
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "a valid user and group identifier"
+msgid "a valid group identifier <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr "一个有效的用户和组标识符"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:88
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "administrators"
+msgid "and administrators"
+msgstr "管理员"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:86
+msgid "a valid list of members <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:92
+msgid ""
+"a corresponding entry in the <_:filename-1/> file (respectively <_:"
+"filename-2/> for the <_:filename-3/> checks)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:100
+msgid ""
+"The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal. If "
+"an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete "
+"the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further "
+"checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for "
+"deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All other errors are "
+"warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/> command to "
+"correct the error."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:113 newusers.8.xml.out:67 newusers.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:114
+msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:111
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The commands which operate on the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file "
+#| "are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <command>pwck</"
+#| "command> should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending "
+#| "entry."
+msgid ""
+"The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/><_:phrase-3/> "
+"are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-4/> should "
+"be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries."
+msgstr ""
+"操作 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> 文件的这些命令不能警告损坏或重复的条"
+"目，这些情况下，应该使用 <command>pwck</command> 来移除这写有问题的条目。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:123 pwck.8.xml.out:154
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <option>-r</option> and <option>-s</option> options cannot be "
+#| "combined."
+msgid "The <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options cannot be combined."
+msgstr "<option>-r</option> 和 <option>-s</option> 选项不能联合使用。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:138 pwck.8.xml.out:188
+msgid "--read-only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:143 login.defs.5.xml.out:134 login.defs.5.xml.out:136
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:246
+msgid "no"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:140
+msgid ""
+"Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode. This causes all "
+"questions regarding changes to be answered <_:emphasis-2/> without user "
+"intervention."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:161 pwck.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "--sort"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:163
+msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> by GID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172 lastlog.8.xml.out:117 passwd.1.xml.out:161
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:291
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-S"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "--silence-warnings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:178
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/gshadow"
+msgid "/etc/ghadow"
+msgstr "/etc/gshadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:174
+msgid ""
+"Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about "
+"inconsistency between group members listed in <_:filename-1/> and <_:"
+"filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "parameter."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:190
+msgid "and <_:emphasis-1/> parameters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"By default, <_:command-1/> operates on <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/>. The "
+"user may select alternate files with the <_:emphasis-4/> <_:phrase-5/> <_:"
+"phrase-6/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:251
+msgid "one or more bad group entries"
+msgstr "一个或多个坏掉的组条目"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:257
+msgid "can't open group files"
+msgstr "无法打开组文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:263
+msgid "can't lock group files"
+msgstr "无法锁定组文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:269
+msgid "can't update group files"
+msgstr "无法更新组文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/citerefentry
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:286
+msgid "<_:refentrytitle-1/><_:manvolnum-2/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: grpck.8.xml.out:278
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>, "
+"<_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Creation, 2005"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:30
+msgid "shadowed group file"
+msgstr "影子化了的组文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:35
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> contains the shadowed information for "
+#| "group accounts."
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> contains the shadowed information for group accounts."
+msgstr "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> 包含影子化了的组账户信息。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:40 shadow.5.xml.out:52
+msgid ""
+"This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to "
+"be maintained."
+msgstr "如果没有维护好密码安全，此文件绝对不能让普通用户可读。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:45
+msgid "Each line of this file contains the following colon-separated fields:"
+msgstr "此文件的每行包含逗号分隔的如下字段："
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:51
+msgid "group name"
+msgstr "组名"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:53
+msgid "It must be a valid group name, which exist on the system."
+msgstr "必须是系统中已经存在的有效组。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:59 shadow.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "encrypted password"
+msgstr "加密了的密码"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:61 passwd.5.xml.out:102 shadow.5.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> for details on how this string is interpreted."
+msgid ""
+"Refer to <_:citerefentry-1/> for details on how this string is interpreted."
+msgstr ""
+"请参考 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+"manvolnum></citerefentry> 来了解关于解析此字符串的细节信息。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:66
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able "
+#| "to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by "
+#| "other means)."
+msgid ""
+"If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix "
+"password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)."
+msgstr ""
+"如果密码字段包含一些不是 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> 合法结果的字符，比如 ! "
+"或 *，用户将无法使用 unix 密码登录(但是可以通过其它方法登录系统)。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:73
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The password is used when an user who is not a member of the group wants "
+#| "to gain the permissions of this group (see "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>)."
+msgid ""
+"The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to "
+"gain the permissions of this group (see <_:citerefentry-1/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"此密码用于不是此组成员的用户获取此组的权限。(参考 "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry> )。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:79
+msgid ""
+"This field may be empty, in which case only the group members can gain the "
+"group permissions."
+msgstr "此字段可以为空，此时，只有组成员可以获取组权限。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:83 shadow.5.xml.out:81
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A password field which starts with a exclamation mark means that the "
+#| "password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the "
+#| "password field before the password was locked."
+msgid ""
+"A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the "
+"password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the "
+"password field before the password was locked."
+msgstr ""
+"以叹号开始的密码字段意味着密码被锁定。该行的剩余字符表示锁定之前的密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This password supersedes any password specified in <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid "This password supersedes any password specified in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr "此密码取代 <filename>/etc/group</filename> 中指定的任何密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "administrators"
+msgstr "管理员"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:99 gshadow.5.xml.out:115
+msgid "It must be a comma-separated list of user names."
+msgstr "必须是一个逗号分隔的用户名列表。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:102
+msgid "Administrators can change the password or the members of the group."
+msgstr "管理员可以更改组密码和成员。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:106
+msgid ""
+"Administrators also have the same permissions as the members (see below)."
+msgstr "管理员也有成员一样的权限(请看下边)。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:113
+msgid "members"
+msgstr "成员"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:118
+msgid "Members can access the group without being prompted for a password."
+msgstr "成员可以免密码访问组。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:122
+msgid "You should use the same list of users as in <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: gshadow.5.xml.out:162 login.defs.5.xml.out:324 pwconv.8.xml.out:48
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:67 pwconv.8.xml.out:113 pwconv.8.xml.out:134
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:166 pwconv.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "grpconv"
+msgstr "grpconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:35 lastlog.8.xml.out:42 lastlog.8.xml.out:48
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:58 lastlog.8.xml.out:70 lastlog.8.xml.out:172
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:337
+msgid "lastlog"
+msgstr "lastlog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:43
+msgid "reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user"
+msgstr "报告所有用户的最近登录情况，或者指定用户的最近登录情况"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:59 lastlog.8.xml.out:197 lastlog.8.xml.out:214
+msgid "/var/log/lastlog"
+msgstr "/var/log/lastlog"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:60
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login name"
+msgid "login-name"
+msgstr "登录名"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:60
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "porttime"
+msgid "port"
+msgstr "porttime"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login name"
+msgid "last login time"
+msgstr "登录名"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> formats and prints the contents of the last login log <_:"
+"filename-2/> file. The <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/>, and <_:emphasis-5/> "
+"will be printed. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be "
+"printed, sorted by their order in <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75 useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:592
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-b"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:75
+msgid "--before"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:78
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Print only lastlog records older than <emphasis remap=\"I\">DAYS</"
+#| "emphasis>."
+msgid "Print only lastlog records older than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr "只显示老于 <emphasis remap=\"I\">DAYS</emphasis> 的最近登录记录。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-C"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "--clear"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:88
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-d</option> (or "
+#| "<option>--home</option>) option."
+msgid ""
+"Clear lastlog record of a user. This option can be used only together with "
+"<_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+msgstr ""
+"这个选项只有和 <option>-d</option> (或 <option>--home</option>) 选项组合使用"
+"时才有效。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:117
+msgid "--set"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:120
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-d</option> (or "
+#| "<option>--home</option>) option."
+msgid ""
+"Set lastlog record of a user to the current time. This option can be used "
+"only together with <_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>))."
+msgstr ""
+"这个选项只有和 <option>-d</option> (或 <option>--home</option>) 选项组合使用"
+"时才有效。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:131
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Print the lastlog records more recent than <emphasis remap=\"I\">DAYS</"
+#| "emphasis>."
+msgid "Print the lastlog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>."
+msgstr "只显示新于 <emphasis remap=\"I\">DAYS</emphasis> 的最近登录记录。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:142
+msgid "Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s)."
+msgstr "显示指定用户的最近登录记录。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:158
+msgid "** Never logged in**"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:157
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the user has never logged in the message <emphasis>** Never logged "
+#| "in**</emphasis> will be displayed instead of the port and time."
+msgid ""
+"If the user has never logged in the message <_:emphasis-1/> will be "
+"displayed instead of the port and time."
+msgstr ""
+"如果用户从来没有登录过，将会显示 <emphasis>** 从未登录 **</emphasis> 而不是端"
+"口和时间。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:162
+msgid ""
+"Only the entries for the current users of the system will be displayed. "
+"Other entries may exist for users that were deleted previously."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:175
+msgid "ls -l"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:177
+msgid "ls -s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:171
+msgid ""
+"The <_:filename-1/> file is a database which contains info on the last login "
+"of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse file, so its size on "
+"the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by \"<_:command-2/"
+">\" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in <_:filename-3/> "
+"users with a high UID). You can display its real size with \"<_:command-4/"
+">\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "Database times of previous user logins."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:207
+msgid ""
+"Large gaps in UID numbers will cause the lastlog program to run longer with "
+"no output to the screen (i.e. if in lastlog database there is no entries for "
+"users with UID between 170 and 800 lastlog will appear to hang as it "
+"processes entries with UIDs 171-799)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: lastlog.8.xml.out:213
+msgid ""
+"Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the <_:term-1/> with "
+"external tools. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much "
+"space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by "
+"default and may require a specific option to handle them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: limits.5.xml.out:17
+msgid "Luca"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: limits.5.xml.out:18
+msgid "Berra"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/contrib
+#: limits.5.xml.out:19 vipw.8.xml.out:19
+msgid "Creation, 1997"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:35 limits.5.xml.out:42 limits.5.xml.out:50
+msgid "limits"
+msgstr "limits"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: limits.5.xml.out:43
+msgid "resource limits definition"
+msgstr "资源限制描述"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: limits.5.xml.out:51 limits.5.xml.out:175
+msgid "/etc/limits"
+msgstr "/etc/limits"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: limits.5.xml.out:52
+msgid "config.h"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:49
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> file (<_:filename-2/> by default or LIMITS_FILE defined "
+"<_:filename-3/>) describes the resource limits you wish to impose. It should "
+"be owned by root and readable by root account only."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:57
+msgid ""
+"By default no quota is imposed on 'root'. In fact, there is no way to impose "
+"limits via this procedure to root-equiv accounts (accounts with UID 0)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:"
+msgstr "每行以如下格式对一个用户描述限制："
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "user LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "user LIMITS_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:69
+msgid "or in the form:"
+msgstr "或如下格式："
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "@group LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "@group LIMITS_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:76 limits.5.xml.out:112
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user LIMITS_STRING"
+msgid "LIMITS_STRING"
+msgstr "user LIMITS_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis>LIMITS_STRING</emphasis> is a string of a concatenated list "
+#| "of resource limits. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed "
+#| "by a numerical limit."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits. "
+"Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis>LIMITS_STRING</emphasis> 是一个串联的资源限制列表。每条限制由一个字"
+"母指示符和跟随的数字限制组成。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "The valid identifiers are:"
+msgstr "可用的指示符有："
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:84
+msgid "A: max address space (KB)"
+msgstr "A：最大地址空间 (KB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "C: max core file size (KB)"
+msgstr "C：最大转储文件大小 (KB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:86
+msgid "D: max data size (KB)"
+msgstr "D：最大数据大小 (KB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "F: maximum filesize (KB)"
+msgid "F: maximum file size (KB)"
+msgstr "F：最大文件尺寸 (KB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:90
+msgid "umask"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:88
+msgid "K: file creation mask, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:93
+msgid "I: max nice value (0..39 which translates to 20..-19)"
+msgstr "I：最高 nice 级别，(0...39 对应 20...-19)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:95
+msgid "L: max number of logins for this user"
+msgstr "L：此用户的最大登录数"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:96
+msgid "M: max locked-in-memory address space (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:97
+msgid "N: max number of open files"
+msgstr "N：最大的文件打开数"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:98
+msgid "O: max real time priority"
+msgstr "O：最大实时优先级"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:101 limits.5.xml.out:188
+msgid "setpriority"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:99
+msgid "P: process priority, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:104
+msgid "R: max resident set size (KB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:105
+msgid "S: max stack size (KB)"
+msgstr "S：最大栈尺寸 (KB)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:106
+msgid "T: max CPU time (MIN)"
+msgstr "T：最大 CPU 时间 (分钟)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:107
+msgid "U: max number of processes"
+msgstr "U：最大处理器数目"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:111
+msgid "L2D2048N5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:110
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For example, <emphasis remap=\"I\">L2D2048N5</emphasis> is a valid "
+#| "<emphasis>LIMITS_STRING</emphasis>. For reading convenience, the "
+#| "following entries are equivalent:"
+msgid ""
+"For example, <_:emphasis-1/> is a valid <_:emphasis-2/>. For reading "
+"convenience, the following entries are equivalent:"
+msgstr ""
+"例如，<emphasis remap=\"I\">L2D2048N5</emphasis> 就是有效的 "
+"<emphasis>LIMITS_STRING</emphasis>。为了阅读方便，如下项表示同样的意思："
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: limits.5.xml.out:116
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      username L2D2048N5\n"
+#| "      username L2 D2048 N5\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "username L2D2048N5 username L2 D2048 N5"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      username L2D2048N5\n"
+"      username L2 D2048 N5\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: limits.5.xml.out:122 login.1.xml.out:83 login.1.xml.out:91
+#: login.1.xml.out:197 su.1.xml.out:70 su.1.xml.out:82 su.1.xml.out:95
+#: su.1.xml.out:153 su.1.xml.out:155 useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid "username"
+msgstr "用户名"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:121
+msgid ""
+"Be aware that after <_:emphasis-1/> the rest of the line is considered a "
+"limit string, thus comments are not allowed. An invalid limits string will "
+"be rejected (not considered) by the <_:command-2/> program."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:129
+msgid "*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:130
+msgid "default"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: limits.5.xml.out:131
+msgid "LIMITS_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:128
+msgid ""
+"The default entry is denoted by username \"<_:emphasis-1/>\". If you have "
+"multiple <_:emphasis-2/> entries in your <_:emphasis-3/>, then the last one "
+"will be used as the default entry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: limits.5.xml.out:136 limits.5.xml.out:148
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group"
+msgid "@group"
+msgstr "group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"The limits specified in the form \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" apply to the members "
+"of the specified <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:141
+msgid ""
+"If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for "
+"this user will be considered."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:146
+msgid ""
+"If no lines are specified for a user, the last <_:replaceable-1/> line "
+"matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the "
+"last line with default limits if no groups contain the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: limits.5.xml.out:155 limits.5.xml.out:160 login.access.5.xml.out:72
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:47 newgrp.1.xml.out:56 sg.1.xml.out:48 su.1.xml.out:67
+#: su.1.xml.out:84 su.1.xml.out:93 su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:152
+msgid "-"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:153
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash \"<emphasis>-</"
+#| "emphasis>\" will do."
+msgid ""
+"To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" "
+"will do."
+msgstr "要完全禁用对一个用户的限制，可以仅仅只使用一个短线“-”。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"To disable a limit for a user, a single dash \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" can be "
+"used instead of the numerical value for this limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: limits.5.xml.out:164
+msgid ""
+"Also, please note that all limit settings are set PER LOGIN. They are not "
+"global, nor are they permanent. Perhaps global limits will come, but for now "
+"this will have to do ;)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: limits.5.xml.out:191
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/limits"
+msgid "setrlimit"
+msgstr "/etc/limits"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "begin session on the system"
+msgstr "在系统上启动回话"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: login.1.xml.out:81 login.1.xml.out:89 login.1.xml.out:96
+msgid "host"
+msgstr "主机"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: login.1.xml.out:81 login.1.xml.out:89
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-h <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-h <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-h <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: login.1.xml.out:84
+msgid "ENV=VAR"
+msgstr "ENV=VAR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: login.1.xml.out:96
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-r <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "-r <_:replaceable-1/>"
+msgstr "-r <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:105
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "login:"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:109
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "exec login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:102
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program is used to establish a new session with the "
+"system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> prompt on the user's terminal. <_:command-3/> may be special to "
+"the shell and may not be invoked as a sub-process. When called from a shell, "
+"<_:command-4/> should be executed as <_:emphasis-5/> which will cause the "
+"user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in "
+"user to return to the session of the caller). Attempting to execute <_:"
+"command-6/> from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:116
+msgid ""
+"The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is "
+"disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of password "
+"failures are permitted before <_:command-1/> exits and the communications "
+"link is severed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:123
+msgid ""
+"If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for "
+"a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to provide your old "
+"password and the new password before continuing. Please refer to <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:135 login.1.xml.out:341
+msgid "/etc/motd"
+msgstr "/etc/motd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:136
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+msgid ".hushlogin"
+msgstr "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:137
+msgid "You have new mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:138
+msgid "You have mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.1.xml.out:139
+msgid "No Mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and "
+"the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of the system message "
+"file, <_:filename-1/>, by creating a zero-length file <_:filename-2/> in "
+"your login directory. The mail message will be one of \"<_:emphasis-3/>\", "
+"\"<_:emphasis-4/>\", or \"<_:emphasis-5/>\" according to the condition of "
+"your mailbox."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 passwd.5.xml.out:126 su.1.xml.out:247
+msgid "$HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 passwd.5.xml.out:133 su.1.xml.out:179 su.1.xml.out:199
+#: su.1.xml.out:247
+msgid "$SHELL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#. (itstool) path: term/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:146 su.1.xml.out:105 su.1.xml.out:215 su.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "$PATH"
+msgstr "$PATH"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:147 su.1.xml.out:248
+msgid "$LOGNAME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:147 su.1.xml.out:275
+msgid "$MAIL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:143
+msgid ""
+"Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the <_:"
+"filename-1/> file. The value for <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, "
+"<_:envar-5/>, and <_:envar-6/> are set according to the appropriate fields "
+"in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set "
+"according to entries in the GECOS field."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: login.1.xml.out:154 su.1.xml.out:264
+msgid "$TERM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:155 login.1.xml.out:353
+msgid "/etc/ttytype"
+msgstr "/etc/ttytype"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:152
+msgid ""
+"On some installations, the environmental variable <_:envar-1/> will be "
+"initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in <_:"
+"filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:158
+msgid ""
+"An initialization script for your command interpreter may also be executed. "
+"Please see the appropriate manual section for more information on this "
+"function."
+msgstr ""
+"命令解释器的初始化脚本也可能执行。请参考手册中相应的章节来获取关于此功能的更"
+"多信息。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:164 su.1.xml.out:112
+msgid ""
+"A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a \"*\" as the first "
+"character of the login shell. The given home directory will be used as the "
+"root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into."
+msgstr ""
+"在登录 shell 中以第一个字符是“*”标注的是子系统登录。给定的主目录将被用于用户"
+"实际登录的新文件系统的根。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:173 login.1.xml.out:249 login.1.xml.out:401
+msgid "getty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:175 login.1.xml.out:251
+msgid "init"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:178 login.1.xml.out:254
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:170 login.1.xml.out:246
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> program is NOT responsible for removing users from the "
+"utmp file. It is the responsibility of <_:citerefentry-2/> and <_:"
+"citerefentry-3/> to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session. If "
+"you use <_:command-4/> from the shell prompt without <_:command-5/>, the "
+"user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out "
+"of the \"subsession\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:193
+msgid "Do not perform authentication, user is preauthenticated."
+msgstr "不要执行认证，用户已经预认证过。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:196
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: In that case, <replaceable>username</replaceable> is mandatory."
+msgid "Note: In that case, <_:replaceable-1/> is mandatory."
+msgstr "注意：此时，<replaceable>username</replaceable> 是强制的。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:207
+msgid "Name of the remote host for this login."
+msgstr "此登录的远程主机名。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:215
+msgid "Preserve environment."
+msgstr "保留环境。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:223
+msgid "Perform autologin protocol for rlogin."
+msgstr "为 rlogin (远程登录)执行 autologin (自动登录)协议。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:228
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> and <option>-f</option> "
+#| "options are only used when <command>login</command> is invoked by root."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> options are only used "
+"when <_:command-4/> is invoked by root."
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> and <option>-f</option> 只能用于 "
+"root 使用 <command>login</command> 时。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:237 su.1.xml.out:307
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This version of <command>su</command> has many compilation options, only "
+#| "some of which may be in use at any particular site."
+msgid ""
+"This version of <_:command-1/> has many compilation options, only some of "
+"which may be in use at any particular site."
+msgstr ""
+"此版本的 <command>su</command> 有很多编译选项，在某些机器上，可能只使用了其中"
+"的一部分。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:242
+msgid ""
+"The location of files is subject to differences in system configuration."
+msgstr "文件的位置由系统配置决定。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:258
+msgid ""
+"As with any program, <_:command-1/>'s appearance can be faked. If non-"
+"trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this "
+"to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the "
+"machine. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a "
+"trusted path and prevent this kind of attack."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:317 logoutd.8.xml.out:56 logoutd.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "/var/run/utmp"
+msgstr "/var/run/utmp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:319 logoutd.8.xml.out:76
+msgid "List of current login sessions."
+msgstr "当前登录会话的列表。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:323
+msgid "/var/log/wtmp"
+msgstr "/var/log/wtmp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:325
+msgid "List of previous login sessions."
+msgstr "先前的登录会话列表。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:343
+msgid "System message of the day file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:347
+msgid "/etc/nologin"
+msgstr "/etc/nologin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:349
+msgid "Prevent non-root users from logging in."
+msgstr "阻止非 root 用户登录。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:355
+msgid "List of terminal types."
+msgstr "终端类型列表。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: login.1.xml.out:359
+msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+msgstr "$HOME/.hushlogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.1.xml.out:361
+msgid "Suppress printing of system messages."
+msgstr "阻止显示系统信息。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:377
+msgid "mail"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:383 su.1.xml.out:424
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "chsh"
+msgid "sh"
+msgstr "chsh"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:386 login.defs.5.xml.out:436 login.defs.5.xml.out:520
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:536 newgrp.1.xml.out:136 passwd.5.xml.out:197
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:283 sg.1.xml.out:128 su.1.xml.out:50 su.1.xml.out:57
+#: su.1.xml.out:62 su.1.xml.out:81 su.1.xml.out:83 su.1.xml.out:121
+#: su.1.xml.out:201 su.1.xml.out:239 su.1.xml.out:308 su.1.xml.out:368
+#: su.1.xml.out:372 su.1.xml.out:377 su.1.xml.out:381 suauth.5.xml.out:201
+msgid "su"
+msgstr "su"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.1.xml.out:392 nologin.8.xml.out:22 nologin.8.xml.out:29
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:35 nologin.8.xml.out:42 nologin.8.xml.out:48
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:63 nologin.8.xml.out:71
+msgid "nologin"
+msgstr "nologin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.1.xml.out:398
+msgid "securetty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/firstname
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:16 pwconv.8.xml.out:21 suauth.5.xml.out:15
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:17
+msgid "Marek"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: author/surname
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:17 pwconv.8.xml.out:22 suauth.5.xml.out:16
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:18
+msgid "Michałkiewicz"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:34 login.access.5.xml.out:41
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:48 login.access.5.xml.out:54
+msgid "login.access"
+msgstr "login.access"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:42
+msgid "login access control table"
+msgstr "登录访问控制表"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:47
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, "
+"tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:53
+msgid ""
+"When someone logs in, the <_:emphasis-1/> is scanned for the first entry "
+"that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non-networked "
+"logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination. The "
+"permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be "
+"accepted or refused."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:61
+msgid ""
+"Each line of the login access control table has three fields separated by a "
+"\":\" character:"
+msgstr "登录访问控制表的每一行有“:”分隔的三个字段："
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "permission denied"
+msgid "permission"
+msgstr "权限不够"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "user"
+msgid "users"
+msgstr "用户"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:67
+msgid "origins"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>:<_:emphasis-3/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:71
+msgid "+"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:74 login.access.5.xml.out:78 suauth.5.xml.out:78
+msgid "ALL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/literal
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:76 login.access.5.xml.out:77
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:80
+msgid "."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "LOCAL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:70
+msgid ""
+"The first field should be a \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" (access granted) or \"<_:"
+"emphasis-2/>\" (access denied) character. The second field should be a list "
+"of one or more login names, group names, or <_:emphasis-3/> (always "
+"matches). The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non-"
+"networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with \"<_:literal-4/>\"), "
+"host addresses, internet network numbers (end with \"<_:literal-5/>\"), <_:"
+"emphasis-6/> (always matches) or <_:emphasis-7/> (matches any string that "
+"does not contain a \"<_:literal-8/>\" character). If you run NIS you can use "
+"@netgroupname in host or user patterns."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "EXCEPT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:84
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis>EXCEPT</emphasis> operator makes it possible to write very "
+#| "compact rules."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> operator makes it possible to write very compact rules."
+msgstr "<emphasis>EXCEPT</emphasis> 操作符让编写非常复杂的规则，成为可能。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:89
+msgid ""
+"The group file is searched only when a name does not match that of the "
+"logged-in user. Only groups are matched in which users are explicitly "
+"listed: the program does not look at a user's primary group id value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.access.5.xml.out:110 porttime.5.xml.out:119 suauth.5.xml.out:199
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "shadow password suite configuration"
+msgstr "影子密码套件配置"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:115
+msgid ""
+"The <_:filename-1/> file defines the site-specific configuration for the "
+"shadow password suite. This file is required. Absence of this file will not "
+"prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:122
+msgid ""
+"This file is a readable text file, each line of the file describing one "
+"configuration parameter. The lines consist of a configuration name and "
+"value, separated by whitespace. Blank lines and comment lines are ignored. "
+"Comments are introduced with a \"#\" pound sign and the pound sign must be "
+"the first non-white character of the line."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:133 useradd.8.xml.out:242 useradd.8.xml.out:380
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:87 userdel.8.xml.out:297
+msgid "yes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:140
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "0"
+msgid "0x"
+msgstr "0"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:130
+msgid ""
+"Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long "
+"numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters. A boolean should "
+"be either the value <_:replaceable-1/> or <_:replaceable-2/>. An undefined "
+"boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a <_:"
+"replaceable-3/> value. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal "
+"values, octal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-4/>) or "
+"hexadecimal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-5/>). The maximum "
+"value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine-dependent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:145
+msgid "The following configuration items are provided:"
+msgstr "提供如下配置项："
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:193 pwconv.8.xml.out:146 useradd.8.xml.out:309
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:314
+msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:193 pwconv.8.xml.out:145
+msgid "PASS_MIN_DAYS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:194 pwconv.8.xml.out:147
+msgid "PASS_WARN_AGE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: variablelist/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:192
+msgid ""
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> are only used at the time of "
+"account creation. Any changes to these settings won't affect existing "
+"accounts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:225
+msgid "CROSS REFERENCES"
+msgstr "交叉引用"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:226
+msgid ""
+"The following cross references show which programs in the shadow password "
+"suite use which parameters."
+msgstr "如下交叉引用显示影子密码套件哪个程序使用哪个参数。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:235 login.defs.5.xml.out:423 login.defs.5.xml.out:431
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:503 pwck.8.xml.out:75 pwck.8.xml.out:216
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:232 pwconv.8.xml.out:89 pwconv.8.xml.out:91
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:94 pwconv.8.xml.out:105 pwconv.8.xml.out:107
+msgid "USE_TCB"
+msgstr "USE_TCB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:242
+msgid "CHFN_AUTH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:244 login.defs.5.xml.out:359
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+msgid "LOGIN_STRING"
+msgstr "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:241
+msgid "<_:phrase-1/> CHFN_RESTRICT <_:phrase-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:253 login.defs.5.xml.out:264 login.defs.5.xml.out:284
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:388 login.defs.5.xml.out:404
+msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+msgstr "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:251 login.defs.5.xml.out:282
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <phrase "
+"condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:262
+msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+msgstr "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:272
+msgid "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+msgstr "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:292
+msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN"
+msgstr "GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:301 login.defs.5.xml.out:307 login.defs.5.xml.out:313
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:320 login.defs.5.xml.out:326 login.defs.5.xml.out:332
+msgid "MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP"
+msgstr "MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:330 pwconv.8.xml.out:49 pwconv.8.xml.out:73
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:119 pwconv.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:167
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:208
+msgid "grpunconv"
+msgstr "grpunconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:339
+msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:346 login.defs.5.xml.out:439
+msgid "CONSOLE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:348
+msgid "ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:351
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+msgid "FAILLOG_ENAB"
+msgstr "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:353
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "FILE"
+msgid "FTMP_FILE"
+msgstr "FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:355
+msgid "ISSUE_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:357
+msgid "LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:361
+msgid ""
+"MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE "
+"PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:365
+msgid "ULIMIT UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:345
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY "
+"<_:phrase-3/> FAKE_SHELL <_:phrase-4/> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <_:phrase-5/> KILLCHAR "
+"<_:phrase-6/> LOGIN_RETRIES <_:phrase-7/> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+"LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <_:phrase-8/> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <_:phrase-9/> "
+"USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:372
+msgid "newgrp / sg"
+msgstr "newgrp / sg"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:374
+msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+msgstr "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:382
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
+#| "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</"
+#| "phrase> SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN "
+#| "UMASK"
+msgid ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
+"HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/> "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
+"PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+"condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase> "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:401
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
+#| "PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
+msgid ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
+"PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
+"PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <phrase "
+"condition=\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:414
+msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:412 login.defs.5.xml.out:421
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\">USE_TCB</phrase>"
+msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase condition=\"tcb\">USE_TCB</"
+"phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:419 passwd.5.xml.out:188 pwconv.8.xml.out:39
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:46 pwconv.8.xml.out:55 pwconv.8.xml.out:83
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:88 pwconv.8.xml.out:90 pwconv.8.xml.out:134
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:144 pwconv.8.xml.out:165 pwconv.8.xml.out:216
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:277
+msgid "pwconv"
+msgstr "pwconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:428 passwd.5.xml.out:191 pwconv.8.xml.out:47
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:61 pwconv.8.xml.out:98 pwconv.8.xml.out:104
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:109 pwconv.8.xml.out:153 pwconv.8.xml.out:157
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:166 shadow.5.xml.out:280
+msgid "pwunconv"
+msgstr "pwunconv"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:441
+msgid "ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:443
+msgid "ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:446
+msgid "SU_WHEEL_ONLY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:438
+msgid ""
+"<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH "
+"<_:phrase-3/> SULOG_FILE SU_NAME <_:phrase-4/> SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <_:phrase-5/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:453 passwd.5.xml.out:200 shadow.5.xml.out:286
+msgid "sulogin"
+msgstr "sulogin"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:457 su.1.xml.out:278
+msgid "ENV_TZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:455
+msgid "ENV_HZ <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:475
+msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:464
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS "
+#| "PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX "
+#| "SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB</phrase>"
+msgid ""
+"CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR "
+"MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE "
+"SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN "
+"SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <_:"
+"phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS "
+"PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN "
+"UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK <phrase condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK "
+"USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:485 login.defs.5.xml.out:495
+msgid "TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:482
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB "
+#| "<phrase condition=\"tcb\">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+msgid ""
+"MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB <_:"
+"phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB <phrase "
+"condition=\"tcb\">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:492
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <_:phrase-1/>"
+msgstr ""
+"MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP <phrase "
+"condition=\"tcb\">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:500 vipw.8.xml.out:35 vipw.8.xml.out:42
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:51 vipw.8.xml.out:67 vipw.8.xml.out:85
+msgid "vipw"
+msgstr "vipw"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:511 pwconv.8.xml.out:193 suauth.5.xml.out:179
+msgid "BUGS"
+msgstr "缺陷"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:512
+msgid ""
+"Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow password "
+"suite is now handled by PAM. Thus, <_:filename-1/> is no longer used by <_:"
+"citerefentry-2/>, or less used by <_:citerefentry-3/>, and <_:citerefentry-4/"
+">. Please refer to the corresponding PAM configuration files instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:545
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "pw_name"
+msgid "pam"
+msgstr "pw_name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: login.defs.5.xml.out:528
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:33 logoutd.8.xml.out:40 logoutd.8.xml.out:46
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:53 logoutd.8.xml.out:55
+msgid "logoutd"
+msgstr "logoutd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:41
+msgid "enforce login time restrictions"
+msgstr "强制登录时间限制"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:54 logoutd.8.xml.out:60 logoutd.8.xml.out:68
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:87 porttime.5.xml.out:109
+msgid "/etc/porttime"
+msgstr "/etc/porttime"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:56
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/group"
+msgid "/etc/rc"
+msgstr "/etc/group"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:52
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in <_:"
+"filename-2/>. <_:command-3/> should be started from <_:filename-4/>. The <_:"
+"filename-5/> file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to "
+"see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time. "
+"Any login session which is violating the restrictions in <_:filename-6/> is "
+"terminated."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: logoutd.8.xml.out:70 porttime.5.xml.out:111
+msgid "File containing port access."
+msgstr "包含了端口访问信息的文件。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "log in to a new group"
+msgstr "登录到一个新组"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:54
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to change the current group ID during a "
+"login session. If the optional <_:option-2/> flag is given, the user's "
+"environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, "
+"otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, "
+"remains unchanged."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:62
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to "
+"the default group listed in <_:filename-2/> if no group name is given. <_:"
+"command-3/> also tries to add the group to the user groupset. If not root, "
+"the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in "
+"<_:filename-4/> if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or "
+"in <_:filename-5/> otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not "
+"listed as a member and the group has a password. The user will be denied "
+"access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If there is an entry for this group in <_:filename-1/>, then the list of "
+"members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, "
+"otherwise, the entry in <_:filename-2/> is considered."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newgrp.1.xml.out:130 sg.1.xml.out:119
+msgid "id"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "update and create new users in batch"
+msgstr "批量更新和创建新用户"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>newusers</command> command reads a file of user name and "
+#| "clear-text password pairs and uses this information to update a group of "
+#| "existing users or to create new users. Each line is in the same format as "
+#| "the standard password file (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>) with the "
+#| "exceptions explained below:"
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command reads a <_:replaceable-2/> (or the standard input "
+"by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or "
+"to create new users. Each line is in the same format as the standard "
+"password file (see <_:citerefentry-3/>) with the exceptions explained below:"
+msgstr ""
+"<command>newusers</command> 命令读取用户名和明文密码对文件，并使用此信息更新"
+"一系列现有用户或创建新用户。每行和标准的 password 文件使用同样的格式(参考 "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>)，除了下边这些区别："
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:82
+msgid "pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell"
+msgstr "pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:87
+msgid "pw_name"
+msgstr "pw_name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:90
+msgid "This is the name of the user."
+msgstr "这是用户的用户名。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:93
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or an "
+#| "user created before by <command>newusers</command>). In case of an "
+#| "existing user, the user's information will be changed, otherwise a new "
+#| "user will be created."
+msgid ""
+"It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>). In case of an existing user, the user's "
+"information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created."
+msgstr ""
+"既可以是新用户名也可以是现有用户名(也可以是 <command>newusers</command> 以前"
+"创建的用户)。现有用户时，将会更改用户信息，否则会创建新用户。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "pw_passwd"
+msgstr "pw_passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:107
+msgid ""
+"This field will be encrypted and used as the new value of the encrypted "
+"password."
+msgstr "此字段将被加密然后用于加密后密码的新值。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "pw_uid"
+msgstr "pw_uid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:118
+msgid "This field is used to define the UID of the user."
+msgstr "此字段用于定义用户的 UID。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:121
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the field is empty, an new (unused) UID will be defined automatically "
+#| "by <command>newusers</command>."
+msgid ""
+"If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by "
+"<_:command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"如果此字段为空，<command>newusers</command> 会自动确定一个新的(未使用的)UID。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:125
+msgid "If this field contains a number, this number will be used as the UID."
+msgstr "如果此字段包含一个数字，此数字会用于 UID。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of an "
+#| "user created before by <command>newusers</command>), the UID of the "
+#| "specified user will be used."
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>), the UID of the specified user will be "
+"used."
+msgstr ""
+"如果此字段包含已经使用了的用户名(或者 <command>newusers</command> 在前边已经"
+"创建的一个用户)，将会使用指定用户的 UID。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"If the UID of an existing user is changed, the files ownership of the user's "
+"file should be fixed manually."
+msgstr "如果一个现有用户更改了 UID，此用户的文件所有权需要手动修复。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:143
+msgid "pw_gid"
+msgstr "pw_gid"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:146
+msgid "This field is used to define the primary group ID for the user."
+msgstr "此字段用于定义用户的主组 ID。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:149
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created "
+#| "before by <command>newusers</command>), the GID of this group will be "
+#| "used as the primary group ID for the user."
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created "
+"before by <_:command-1/>), the GID of this group will be used as the primary "
+"group ID for the user."
+msgstr ""
+"如果此字段包含一个现有组的组名(或者 <command>newusers</command> 在前边创建的"
+"一个组)，此组的 GID 会被用于做此用户的主组 ID。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:155
+msgid ""
+"If this field is a number, this number will be used as the primary group ID "
+"of the user. If no groups exist with this GID, a new group will be created "
+"with this GID, and the name of the user."
+msgstr ""
+"如果此字段是一个数字，此数字会被用作此用户的主组 ID。如果没有对应此 GID 的现"
+"有组，将会使用此 GID 创建一个新组，名称和用户名相同。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:161
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the "
+#| "user and a GID will be automatically defined by <command>newusers</"
+#| "command> to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID "
+#| "for the new group."
+msgid ""
+"If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the "
+"user and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-1/> to be used as "
+"the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group."
+msgstr ""
+"如果此字段为空，将会使用用户名作为组名，<command>newusers</command> 自动确定"
+"的一个 GID 作为主组 ID 来创建一个新组。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:167
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was "
+#| "not created before by <command>newusers</command>), a new group will be "
+#| "created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined "
+#| "by <command>newusers</command> to be used as the primary group ID for the "
+#| "user and GID for the new group."
+msgid ""
+"If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not "
+"created before by <_:command-1/>), a new group will be created with the "
+"specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-2/> to "
+"be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group."
+msgstr ""
+"如果此字段包含一个不存在的组的名字(也没有由 <command>newusers</command> 在前"
+"边创建)，将使用指定的组名和 <command>newusers</command> 自动确定的 GID 创建一"
+"个组，并作为用户的主组。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:179
+msgid "pw_gecos"
+msgstr "pw_gecos"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:182
+msgid "This field is copied in the GECOS field of the user."
+msgstr "此字段复制到用户的 GECOS 字段。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:189
+msgid "pw_dir"
+msgstr "pw_dir"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:192
+msgid "This field is used to define the home directory of the user."
+msgstr "此字段用于定义用户的主目录。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:199
+msgid "newusers does not create parent directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified "
+"directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or "
+"updated and its primary group. Note that <_:emphasis-1/> of the new user's "
+"home directory. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory "
+"if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr "
+"informing the user of the failure. The newusers command will not halt or "
+"return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home "
+"directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:208
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the home directory of an existing user is changed, <command>newusers</"
+#| "command> does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the "
+#| "new location. This should be done manually."
+msgid ""
+"If the home directory of an existing user is changed, <_:command-1/> does "
+"not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location. This "
+"should be done manually."
+msgstr ""
+"如果现有用户的主目录变更，<command>newusers</command> 不会移动或者复制旧目录"
+"的内容到新位置。这需要手动完成。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:218
+msgid "pw_shell"
+msgstr "pw_shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:221
+msgid ""
+"This field defines the shell of the user. No checks are performed on this "
+"field."
+msgstr "此字段定义了用户的 shell。对此字段不进行任何检查。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:229
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>newusers</command> first tries to create or change all the "
+#| "specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group "
+#| "databases. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the "
+#| "databases), no changes are committed to the databases."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> first tries to create or change all the specified users, and "
+"then write these changes to the user or group databases. If an error occurs "
+"(except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to "
+"the databases."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>newusers</command> 首先尝试创建或更改所有指定的用户，然后将这些更改"
+"写入用户或组数据库。如果发生错误(除非是在最后写入数据库过程中)，不会有任何更"
+"改。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:235
+msgid ""
+"During this first pass, users are created with a locked password (and "
+"passwords are not changed for the users which are not created). A second "
+"pass is used to update the passwords using PAM. Failures to update a "
+"password are reported, but will not stop the other password updates."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:243
+msgid ""
+"This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many "
+"accounts are updated at a single time."
+msgstr "此命令一般用于在大型的应用环境中，对大量账户进行一次性更新。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:257 pwck.8.xml.out:164 useradd.8.xml.out:108
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:89
+msgid "--badname"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:260 pwck.8.xml.out:167 useradd.8.xml.out:111
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "Allow names that do not conform to standards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:290 useradd.8.xml.out:459
+msgid "Create a system account."
+msgstr "创建一个系统账户。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:297 useradd.8.xml.out:466 usermod.8.xml.out:398
+msgid "SYS_UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:297 useradd.8.xml.out:466 usermod.8.xml.out:398
+msgid "SYS_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:308 useradd.8.xml.out:319
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:468 useradd.8.xml.out:538 usermod.8.xml.out:397
+msgid "UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:299 useradd.8.xml.out:308 useradd.8.xml.out:321
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:468 useradd.8.xml.out:543 usermod.8.xml.out:397
+msgid "UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:293 useradd.8.xml.out:462
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"System users will be created with no aging information in <_:filename-1/>, "
+"and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the <_:option-2/>-<_:option-3/> "
+"range, defined in <_:filename-4/>, instead of <_:option-5/>-<_:option-6/> "
+"(and their <_:option-7/> counterparts for the creation of groups)."
+msgstr ""
+"系统用户创建时，不会在 <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> 中有年龄信息，数字标"
+"识符会在 <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> 之间选取，"
+"这两个值在 <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 中定义，而不是普通用户的 "
+"<option>UID_MIN</option>-<option>UID_MAX</option> (and their <option>GID</"
+"option> counterparts for the creation of groups)。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:349
+msgid ""
+"The input file must be protected since it contains unencrypted passwords."
+msgstr "输入文件必须受到保护，因为它包含未加密的密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:429
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/newusers"
+msgstr "/etc/pam.d/newusers"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:435 useradd.8.xml.out:222 useradd.8.xml.out:481
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:785 userdel.8.xml.out:215 usermod.8.xml.out:587
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "/etc/subgid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:437 useradd.8.xml.out:787 userdel.8.xml.out:217
+msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:441 useradd.8.xml.out:222 useradd.8.xml.out:480
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:791 userdel.8.xml.out:221 usermod.8.xml.out:593
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "/etc/subuid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:443 useradd.8.xml.out:793 userdel.8.xml.out:223
+msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:460 useradd.8.xml.out:906 userdel.8.xml.out:335
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:633
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "subgid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:463 useradd.8.xml.out:909 userdel.8.xml.out:338
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:636
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgid "subuid"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: newusers.8.xml.out:458 useradd.8.xml.out:904 userdel.8.xml.out:333
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:631
+msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:30
+msgid "politely refuse a login"
+msgstr "礼貌地拒绝登录"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:41
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>nologin</command> command displays a message that an account "
+#| "is not available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement "
+#| "shell field for accounts that have been disabled."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command displays a message that an account is not "
+"available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement shell field "
+"for accounts that have been disabled."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>nologin</command> 命令显示一个信息，说账户不可用然后返回非零值。它用"
+"于代替已经禁用的账户的 shell 字段。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:46
+msgid "To disable all logins, investigate <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:52
+msgid "SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:51
+msgid "If <_:command-1/> is populated it will be logged."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:69
+msgid "HISTORY"
+msgstr "历史"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: nologin.8.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The <command>nologin</command> command appearred in BSD 4.4."
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command appeared in BSD 4.4."
+msgstr "<command>nologin</command> 首次出现于 BSD 4.4。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:48
+msgid "change user password"
+msgstr "更改用户密码"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:65
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>passwd</command> command changes passwords for user "
+#| "accounts. A normal user may only change the password for their own "
+#| "account, while the superuser may change the password for any account. "
+#| "<command>passwd</command> also changes the account or associated password "
+#| "validity period."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command changes passwords for user accounts. A normal "
+"user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser "
+"may change the password for any account. <_:command-2/> also changes the "
+"account or associated password validity period."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>passwd</command> 命令用来更改用户账户的密码。普通用户通常只更改其自"
+"己账户的密码，而超级用户可以更改任何账户的密码。<command>passwd</command> 也"
+"更改账户或相关的密码有效期。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:74
+msgid "Password Changes"
+msgstr "密码更改"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:75
+msgid ""
+"The user is first prompted for their old password, if one is present. This "
+"password is then encrypted and compared against the stored password. The "
+"user has only one chance to enter the correct password. The superuser is "
+"permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten passwords may be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"如果有旧密码，首先提示用户输入旧密码。加密这个密码然后和存储的密码进行比较。"
+"用户只有一次机会输入正确密码。允许超级用户略过这个步骤，以便更改忘记了的密"
+"码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:83
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "After the password has been entered, password aging information is "
+#| "checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this "
+#| "time. If not, <command>passwd</command> refuses to change the password "
+#| "and exits."
+msgid ""
+"After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked "
+"to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time. If not, "
+"<_:command-1/> refuses to change the password and exits."
+msgstr ""
+"输入了密码之后，会检查密码年龄信息，以查看此时是否允许用户更改密码。如果不允"
+"许，<command>passwd</command> 拒绝更改密码，然后退出。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:90
+msgid ""
+"The user is then prompted twice for a replacement password. The second entry "
+"is compared against the first and both are required to match in order for "
+"the password to be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"提示用户输入两次新密码。第二次和第一次进行比较，并且需要相同才能更改密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:96
+msgid ""
+"Then, the password is tested for complexity. As a general guideline, "
+"passwords should consist of 6 to 8 characters including one or more "
+"characters from each of the following sets:"
+msgstr ""
+"然后，测试密码的负责程度。一般来讲，密码应该包含 6 到 8 位字符，从下边的一个"
+"或多个集合中选择："
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:104
+msgid "lower case alphabetics"
+msgstr "小写字母"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:107
+msgid "digits 0 thru 9"
+msgstr "数字 0 到 9"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:110
+msgid "punctuation marks"
+msgstr "标点符号"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:114
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill "
+#| "characters. <command>passwd</command> will reject any password which is "
+#| "not suitably complex."
+msgid ""
+"Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill "
+"characters. <_:command-1/> will reject any password which is not suitably "
+"complex."
+msgstr ""
+"必须要留意不能包含系统默认的擦除和杀死字符。<command>passwd</command> 会拒绝"
+"复杂度不满足要求的密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:123
+msgid "Hints for user passwords"
+msgstr "关于用户密码的提示"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:127
+msgid "UNIX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:124
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption "
+#| "algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy <emphasis>UNIX</"
+#| "emphasis> System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm. "
+#| "More recent methods are now recommended (see <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</"
+#| "option>). The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the "
+#| "password which is selected."
+msgid ""
+"The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption "
+"algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy <_:emphasis-1/> System "
+"encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm. More recent methods are "
+"now recommended (see <_:option-2/>). The size of the key space depends upon "
+"the randomness of the password which is selected."
+msgstr ""
+"密码的安全性依赖于加密算法的强度和密钥空间的大小。旧的 <emphasis>UNIX</"
+"emphasis> 系统加密算法基于 NBS DES 算法。推荐使用更新的算法(查看 "
+"<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option>)。密钥空间的大小依赖于选择的密码的随机性。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"Compromises in password security normally result from careless password "
+"selection or handling. For this reason, you should not select a password "
+"which appears in a dictionary or which must be written down. The password "
+"should also not be a proper name, your license number, birth date, or street "
+"address. Any of these may be used as guesses to violate system security."
+msgstr ""
+"由于粗心地或处理选择密码，会危及密码的安全。由于这个原因，您不应该选择出现在"
+"词典中或者必须要写下来才能记住的密码。密码也不应该是一个名字、许可证号、生日"
+"或者街道号。所有这些可以用于猜测来损害系统安全。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:142
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You can find advices on how to choose a strong password on http://en."
+#| "wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"
+msgid ""
+"You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en."
+"wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"
+msgstr ""
+"您可以在在 http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/密码强度 找到怎样选择强壮密码的建"
+"议。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:160
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option can be used only with <option>-S</option> and causes show "
+#| "status for all users."
+msgid ""
+"This option can be used only with <_:option-1/> and causes show status for "
+"all users."
+msgstr "此选项只能和 <option>-S</option> 一起使用，来显示所有用户的状态。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:171
+msgid ""
+"Delete a user's password (make it empty). This is a quick way to disable a "
+"password for an account. It will set the named account passwordless."
+msgstr ""
+"删除用户密码(让它为空)。这是禁用一个用户密码的快速方法。它将设置给出名称的账"
+"户。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:180
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "expiry"
+msgid "--expire"
+msgstr "expiry"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:183
+msgid ""
+"Immediately expire an account's password. This in effect can force a user to "
+"change their password at the user's next login."
+msgstr "让一个账户的密码立即过期。这可以强制一个用户下次登录时更改密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:200
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is used to disable an account after the password has been "
+#| "expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired "
+#| "password for <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> days, the user may no "
+#| "longer sign on to the account."
+msgid ""
+"This option is used to disable an account after the password has been "
+"expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired "
+"password for <_:replaceable-1/> days, the user may no longer sign on to the "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"此选项用于在密码过期一定天数之后禁用账户。一个用户账户密码已经过期 "
+"<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> 天之后，用户将不能再登录进账户。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:210 useradd.8.xml.out:278 useradd.8.xml.out:356
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-k"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:210
+msgid "--keep-tokens"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:213
+msgid ""
+"Indicate password change should be performed only for expired authentication "
+"tokens (passwords). The user wishes to keep their non-expired tokens as "
+"before."
+msgstr ""
+"表示密码更改只应该因为认证口令(密码)过期更改。用户希望保持他们尚未过期的口"
+"令。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:222 usermod.8.xml.out:231
+msgid "--lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:225
+msgid ""
+"Lock the password of the named account. This option disables a password by "
+"changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it adds a "
+"´!´ at the beginning of the password)."
+msgstr ""
+"锁定指定账户的密码。此选项通过将密码更改为一个不可能与加密值匹配的值来禁用(它"
+"在密码开头添加一个“!”)。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:235
+msgid "usermod --expiredate 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:231
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that this does not disable the account. The user may still be able "
+#| "to login using another authentication token (e.g. an SSH key). To disable "
+#| "the account, administrators should use <command>usermod --expiredate 1</"
+#| "command> (this set the account's expire date to Jan 2, 1970)."
+msgid ""
+"Note that this does not disable the account. The user may still be able to "
+"login using another authentication token (e.g. an SSH key). To disable the "
+"account, administrators should use <_:command-1/> (this set the account's "
+"expire date to Jan 2, 1970)."
+msgstr ""
+"注意，这并没有禁用此账户。用户仍然可以通过其它认证方式(如 SSH 密码)来登录。要"
+"禁用此账户，管理员需要使用 <command>usermod --expiredate 1</command> (设置账"
+"户的过期时间为1970年1月2日)。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:238
+msgid "Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their password."
+msgstr "被锁定了密码的用户不允许更改密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:258 pwck.8.xml.out:179 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "-q"
+msgstr "-q"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:258 pwck.8.xml.out:179 vipw.8.xml.out:108
+msgid "--quiet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:261 vipw.8.xml.out:110
+msgid "Quiet mode."
+msgstr "安静模式。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268
+msgid "--repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:268 passwd.1.xml.out:272
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "EDITOR"
+msgid "REPOSITORY"
+msgstr "EDITOR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:271
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "change password in <replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable> repository"
+msgid "change password in <_:replaceable-1/> repository"
+msgstr "在 <replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable> 中更改密码"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:291
+msgid "--status"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:294
+msgid ""
+"Display account status information. The status information consists of 7 "
+"fields. The first field is the user's login name. The second field indicates "
+"if the user account has a locked password (L), has no password (NP), or has "
+"a usable password (P). The third field gives the date of the last password "
+"change. The next four fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning "
+"period, and inactivity period for the password. These ages are expressed in "
+"days."
+msgstr ""
+"显示账户状态信息。状态信息包含 7 个字段。首个字段是用户的登录名，第二个字段表"
+"示用户账户是否已经锁定密码(L)、没有密码 (NP)或者密码可用(P)，第三个字段给出最"
+"后一次更改密码的日期。接下来的四个字段分别是密码的最小年龄、最大年龄、警告期"
+"和禁用期。这些年龄以天为单位计算。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:309 usermod.8.xml.out:405
+msgid "--unlock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:312
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Unlock the password of the named account. This option re-enables a "
+#| "password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the "
+#| "value before using the <option>-l</option> option)."
+msgid ""
+"Unlock the password of the named account. This option re-enables a password "
+"by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before "
+"using the <_:option-1/> option)."
+msgstr ""
+"解锁指定用户的密码。此操作通过将密码改回先前值(改回使用 <option>-l</option> "
+"之前的值)重新启用密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:325
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. "
+#| "The <replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable> option is the number of days "
+#| "prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their "
+#| "password is about to expire."
+msgid ""
+"Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The "
+"<_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password "
+"expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire."
+msgstr ""
+"设置在要求更改密码之前警告的天数。<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable> 选项是"
+"在密码过期之前提前警告的天数。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:335
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-x"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:338
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After "
+#| "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>, the password is required to be "
+#| "changed."
+msgid ""
+"Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After <_:"
+"replaceable-1/>, the password is required to be changed."
+msgstr ""
+"设置密码仍然有效的最大天数。<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable> 之后，密码会"
+"要求更改。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:355
+msgid ""
+"Password complexity checking may vary from site to site. The user is urged "
+"to select a password as complex as he or she feels comfortable with."
+msgstr "密码复杂性检查在每台机器间不同。用户应该选择适合的尽量复杂的密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:360
+msgid ""
+"Users may not be able to change their password on a system if NIS is enabled "
+"and they are not logged into the NIS server."
+msgstr ""
+"在启动了 NIS 的系统上，如果没有登录 NIS 服务器，用户或许不能更改自己的密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:365
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>passwd</command> uses PAM to authenticate users and to change "
+#| "their passwords."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> uses PAM to authenticate users and to change their passwords."
+msgstr "<command>passwd</command> 使用 PAM 来认证用户以及更改密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:411
+msgid "/etc/pam.d/passwd"
+msgstr "/etc/pam.d/passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:439
+msgid "invalid combination of options"
+msgstr "无效的选项组合"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:445
+msgid "unexpected failure, nothing done"
+msgstr "意外的失败，什么也没有做。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:451
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "unexpected failure, <filename>passwd</filename> file missing"
+msgid "unexpected failure, <_:filename-1/> file missing"
+msgstr "意外的失败，<filename>passwd</filename> 文件丢失"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:457
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<filename>passwd</filename> file busy, try again"
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> file busy, try again"
+msgstr "<filename>passwd</filename> 文件忙，请重试"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.1.xml.out:472
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:phrase-4/> "
+"<_:citerefentry-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "the password file"
+msgstr "密码文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:49 shadow.5.xml.out:59
+msgid ":"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> contains one line for each user account, "
+#| "with seven fields delimited by colons (<quote>:</quote>). These fields "
+#| "are:"
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> contains one line for each user account, with seven fields "
+"delimited by colons (<_:quote-2/>). These fields are:"
+msgstr ""
+"<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> 为每个用户账户包含一行，包含使用冒号 "
+"(<quote>:</quote>) 分隔的七个字段，分别是："
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:54 shadow.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "login name"
+msgstr "登录名"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:57
+msgid "optional encrypted password"
+msgstr "可选的加密后的密码"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:60
+msgid "numerical user ID"
+msgstr "数字用户 ID"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "numerical group ID"
+msgstr "数字组 ID"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "user name or comment field"
+msgstr "用户名和注释字段"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:69
+msgid "user home directory"
+msgstr "用户主目录"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:72
+msgid "optional user command interpreter"
+msgstr "可选的用户命令解释器"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:78
+msgid "x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "must"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:76
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:emphasis-1/> field is a lower-case <_:quote-2/>, then the "
+"encrypted password is actually stored in the <_:citerefentry-3/> file "
+"instead; there <_:emphasis-4/> be a corresponding line in the <_:filename-5/"
+"> file, or else the user account is invalid."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:90
+msgid "any"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to "
+#| "authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications "
+#| "which read the <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file may decide not to "
+#| "permit any access at all if the password field is empty."
+msgid ""
+"The encrypted <_:emphasis-1/> field may be empty, in which case no password "
+"is required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some "
+"applications which read the <_:filename-2/> file may decide not to permit <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> access at all if the <_:emphasis-4/> field is blank."
+msgstr ""
+"此字段可以为空，此时认证为特定的登录名时，不要求密码。然而，一些读取 "
+"<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> 文件的应用程序，在密码字段为空时，可能决定禁"
+"止任何访问。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A password field which starts with a exclamation mark means that the "
+#| "password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the "
+#| "password field before the password was locked."
+msgid ""
+"A <_:emphasis-1/> field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the "
+"password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> field before the password was locked."
+msgstr ""
+"以叹号开始的密码字段意味着密码被锁定。该行的剩余字符表示锁定之前的密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:107 shadow.5.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able "
+#| "to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by "
+#| "other means)."
+msgid ""
+"If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:"
+"citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a "
+"unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)."
+msgstr ""
+"如果密码字段包含一些不是 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> 合法结果的字符，比如 ! "
+"或 *，用户将无法使用 unix 密码登录(但是可以通过其它方法登录系统)。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system "
+"utilities, such as <_:citerefentry-1/>. The use of an ampersand here will be "
+"replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed "
+"by such system utilities."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:123
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The home directory field provides the name of the initial working "
+#| "directory. The <command>login</command> program uses this information to "
+#| "set the value of the <envar>$HOME</envar> environmental variable."
+msgid ""
+"The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory. "
+"The <_:command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:"
+"envar-2/> environmental variable."
+msgstr ""
+"主目录字段提供了初始工作目录的名称。<command>login</command> 程序根据此信息设"
+"置 <envar>$HOME</envar> 环境变量。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:134 sg.1.xml.out:61 su.1.xml.out:190
+msgid "/bin/sh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command "
+#| "language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The "
+#| "<command>login</command> program uses this information to set the value "
+#| "of the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environmental variable. If this field is "
+#| "empty, it defaults to the value <filename>/bin/sh</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command "
+"language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The <_:"
+"command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:envar-2/"
+"> environmental variable. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value "
+"<_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"命令解释器字段提供了用户命令语言解释器的名称，或者开始时执行的程序的名称。"
+"<command>login</command> 程序使用此信息设置 <envar>$SHELL</envar> 环境变量的"
+"值。如果字段为空，默认值为 <filename>/bin/sh</filename>。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:150
+msgid "optional encrypted password file"
+msgstr "可选的加密后的密码文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:154
+msgid "/etc/passwd-"
+msgstr "/etc/passwd-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:156
+msgid "Backup file for /etc/passwd."
+msgstr "/etc/passwd 的备份文件。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:157 shadow.5.xml.out:249
+msgid ""
+"Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by "
+"all user and password management tools."
+msgstr ""
+"注意，此文件由 shadow 工具集使用，而不是所有的用户和密码管理工具都会使用。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:173
+msgid "getent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:176
+msgid "getpwnam"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: passwd.5.xml.out:168
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-10/>, <_:citerefentry-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:33 porttime.5.xml.out:40 porttime.5.xml.out:47
+msgid "porttime"
+msgstr "porttime"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "port access time file"
+msgstr "端口访问时间文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis remap=\"I\">porttime</emphasis> contains a list of tty devices, "
+#| "user names, and permitted login times."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted "
+"login times."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">porttime</emphasis> 包含一个 tty 设备、用户名和允许登录"
+"时间的列表。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:51
+msgid ""
+"Each entry consists of three colon separated fields. The first field is a "
+"comma separated list of tty devices, or an asterisk to indicate that all tty "
+"devices are matched by this entry. The second field is a comma separated "
+"list of user names, or an asterisk to indicated that all user names are "
+"matched by this entry. The third field is a comma separated list of "
+"permitted access times."
+msgstr ""
+"每项包含三个由冒号分隔的字段。第一个字段是逗号分隔的 tty 设备列表，或者星号表"
+"示匹配所有终端。第二个字段是逗号分隔的用户名列表，或者星号表示匹配所有用户"
+"名。第三个字段是逗号分隔的访问许可时间。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:62
+msgid "Su"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:62
+msgid "Mo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "Tu"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:63
+msgid "We"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "Th"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:64
+msgid "Fr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:65
+msgid "Sa"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "Wk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:67 porttime.5.xml.out:68
+msgid "Al"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:60
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, "
+#| "abbreviated <emphasis>Su</emphasis>, <emphasis>Mo</emphasis>, "
+#| "<emphasis>Tu</emphasis>, <emphasis>We</emphasis>, <emphasis>Th</"
+#| "emphasis>, <emphasis>Fr</emphasis>, and <emphasis>Sa</emphasis>, followed "
+#| "by a pair of times separated by a hyphen. The abbreviation <emphasis>Wk</"
+#| "emphasis> may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and <emphasis>Al</"
+#| "emphasis> may be used to indicate every day. If no days are given, "
+#| "<emphasis>Al</emphasis> is assumed."
+msgid ""
+"Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, "
+"abbreviated <_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/"
+">, <_:emphasis-5/>, <_:emphasis-6/>, and <_:emphasis-7/>, followed by a pair "
+"of times separated by a hyphen. The abbreviation <_:emphasis-8/> may be used "
+"to represent Monday thru Friday, and <_:emphasis-9/> may be used to indicate "
+"every day. If no days are given, <_:emphasis-10/> is assumed."
+msgstr ""
+"每条访问时间包含一周的 0 天或多天，缩写为 <emphasis>Su</emphasis>, "
+"<emphasis>Mo</emphasis>, <emphasis>Tu</emphasis>, <emphasis>We</emphasis>, "
+"<emphasis>Th</emphasis>, <emphasis>Fr</emphasis> 和 <emphasis>Sa</emphasis>，"
+"随后是连字符分隔的一组时间，缩写 <emphasis>Wk</emphasis> 可以用于表示周一到周"
+"五，<emphasis>Al</emphasis> 可以用于表示没一天。如果没有制定周几，将会假定为 "
+"<emphasis>Al</emphasis>。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:74
+msgid "EXAMPLES"
+msgstr "示例"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:77
+msgid "jfh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following entry allows access to user <emphasis remap=\"B\">jfh</"
+#| "emphasis> on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm."
+msgid ""
+"The following entry allows access to user <_:emphasis-1/> on every port "
+"during weekdays from 9am to 5pm."
+msgstr ""
+"下面的条目允许在工作日的上午九点到下午五点在任何端口上访问用户 <emphasis "
+"remap=\"B\">jfh</emphasis>。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:81
+msgid "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700"
+msgstr "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "oper"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:86
+msgid "/dev/console"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:83
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following entries allow access only to the users <emphasis>root</"
+#| "emphasis> and <emphasis>oper</emphasis> on <filename>/dev/console</"
+#| "filename> at any time. This illustrates how the <filename>/etc/porttime</"
+#| "filename> file is an ordered list of access times. Any other user would "
+#| "match the second entry which does not permit access at any time."
+msgid ""
+"The following entries allow access only to the users <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:"
+"emphasis-2/> on <_:filename-3/> at any time. This illustrates how the <_:"
+"filename-4/> file is an ordered list of access times. Any other user would "
+"match the second entry which does not permit access at any time."
+msgstr ""
+"下面这条任何时间，只允许用户 <emphasis>root</emphasis> 和 <emphasis>oper</"
+"emphasis> 在 <filename>/dev/console</filename> 登录。这也是说 <filename>/etc/"
+"porttime</filename> 文件是一个访问时间的有序列表。任何匹配第二条的其他用户都"
+"不会被允许访问。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      console:root,oper:Al0000-2400\n"
+#| "      console:*:\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "console:root,oper:Al0000-2400 console:*:"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      console:root,oper:Al0000-2400\n"
+"      console:*:\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:99
+msgid "games"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:97
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following entry allows access for the user <emphasis>games</emphasis> "
+#| "on any port during non-working hours."
+msgid ""
+"The following entry allows access for the user <_:emphasis-1/> on any port "
+"during non-working hours."
+msgstr ""
+"如下项允许，在非工作时间在任何端口上使用用户 <emphasis>games</emphasis>。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: porttime.5.xml.out:102
+msgid "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400"
+msgstr "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:48
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "verify integrity of password files"
+msgid "verify the integrity of password files"
+msgstr "检查密码文件的完整性"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:57
+msgid "PASSWORDFILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:61 pwck.8.xml.out:106
+msgid "SHADOWFILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: phrase/filename
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:75 pwck.8.xml.out:226
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/motd"
+msgid "/etc/tcb"
+msgstr "/etc/motd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:74
+msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>, when <_:option-2/> is enabled)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:70
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>pwck</command> command verifies the integrity of the users "
+#| "and authentication information. It checks that all entries in <filename>/"
+#| "etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\">(or the files in <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>, when "
+#| "<option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled)</phrase> have the proper format and "
+#| "contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are "
+#| "improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the users and "
+"authentication information. It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> "
+"and <_:filename-3/> <_:phrase-4/> have the proper format and contain valid "
+"data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted "
+"or which have other uncorrectable errors."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>pwck</command> 命令检查用户及其认证信息的完整性。它检查 <filename>/"
+"etc/passwd</filename> 和 <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase "
+"condition=\"tcb\">(或者在 <option>USE_TCB</option> 启用时，<filename>/etc/"
+"tcb</filename> 中的文件)</phrase> 格式正确、数据有效。将会提示用户删除格式不"
+"正确或者有其它错误的项。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:88
+msgid "a unique and valid user name"
+msgstr "一个唯一且有效的用户名"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:91
+msgid "a valid user and group identifier"
+msgstr "一个有效的用户和组标识符"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:94
+msgid "a valid primary group"
+msgstr "有效的主组"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:97
+msgid "a valid home directory"
+msgstr "有效的主目录"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:100
+msgid "a valid login shell"
+msgstr "有效的登录 shell"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:104
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>shadow</filename> checks are enabled when a second file "
+#| "parameter is specified or when <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> exists on "
+#| "the system."
+msgid ""
+"Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file "
+"parameter <_:replaceable-1/> is specified or when <_:filename-2/> exists on "
+"the system."
+msgstr ""
+"当指定第二个文件参数或 <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> 在系统中存在时，启用 "
+"<filename>shadow</filename> 检查。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:109
+msgid "These checks are the following:"
+msgstr "这些检查是："
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:114
+msgid ""
+"every passwd entry has a matching shadow entry, and every shadow entry has a "
+"matching passwd entry"
+msgstr "每个密码项都有对应的影子相，反之亦然。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:120
+msgid "passwords are specified in the shadowed file"
+msgstr "密码在影子化了的文件中指定"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:123
+msgid "shadow entries have the correct number of fields"
+msgstr "影子项有正确的字段数。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:126
+msgid "shadow entries are unique in shadow"
+msgstr "影子项在影子文件中是唯一的"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "the last password changes are not in the future"
+msgstr "最后一次的密码更改时间不是被设成了一个将来的时间。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:133
+msgid ""
+"The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal. If "
+"the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to "
+"delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all "
+"further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated user name is "
+"prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All "
+"other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/"
+"> command to correct the error."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:144
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The commands which operate on the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file "
+#| "are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <command>pwck</"
+#| "command> should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending "
+#| "entry."
+msgid ""
+"The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> file are not able to alter "
+"corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-2/> should be used in those "
+"circumstances to remove the offending entry."
+msgstr ""
+"操作 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> 文件的这些命令不能警告损坏或重复的条"
+"目，这些情况下，应该使用 <command>pwck</command> 来移除这写有问题的条目。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:181
+msgid ""
+"Report errors only. The warnings which do not require any action from the "
+"user won't be displayed."
+msgstr "只报告错误。不显示那些不需要用户操作的警告。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:190
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Execute the <command>pwck</command> command in read-only mode."
+msgid "Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode."
+msgstr "在只读模式下执行 <command>pwck</command>。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Sort entries in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/"
+#| "shadow</filename> by UID."
+msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> by UID."
+msgstr ""
+"根据 UID 在 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> 和 <filename>/etc/shadow</"
+"filename> 对项目进行排序。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:215
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "This option has no effect when <option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled."
+msgid "This option has no effect when <_:option-1/> is enabled."
+msgstr "启用 <option>USE_TCB</option> 是，本选项无效。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:225
+msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:222
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, <command>pwck</command> operates on the files <filename>/etc/"
+#| "passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase "
+#| "condition=\"tcb\"> (or the files in <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>)</"
+#| "phrase>. The user may select alternate files with the "
+#| "<replaceable>passwd</replaceable> and <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> "
+#| "parameters."
+msgid ""
+"By default, <_:command-1/> operates on the files <_:filename-2/> and <_:"
+"filename-3/><_:phrase-4/>. The user may select alternate files with the <_:"
+"replaceable-5/> and <_:replaceable-6/> parameters."
+msgstr ""
+"默认上，<command>pwck</command> 操作文件 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> 和 "
+"<filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase condition=\"tcb\"> (或者在 "
+"<filename>/etc/tcb</filename> 中的文件)</phrase>。用户也可以使用 "
+"<replaceable>passwd</replaceable> 和 <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> 参数来"
+"选择替代文件。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:231
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that when <option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled, you cannot specify an "
+#| "alternative <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> file. In future releases, "
+#| "this paramater could be replaced by an alternate TCB directory."
+msgid ""
+"Note that when <_:option-1/> is enabled, you cannot specify an alternative "
+"<_:replaceable-2/> file. In future releases, this parameter could be "
+"replaced by an alternate TCB directory."
+msgstr ""
+"注意，<option>USE_TCB</option> 启用时，您不能指定另外的 <replaceable>shadow</"
+"replaceable>。以后的版本中，此参数可能会被替换成一个另外的 TCB 目录。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:301
+msgid "one or more bad password entries"
+msgstr "一个或多个错误的密码条目"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:307
+msgid "can't open password files"
+msgstr "无法打开密码文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:313
+msgid "can't lock password files"
+msgstr "无法锁定密码文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:319
+msgid "can't update password files"
+msgstr "无法更新密码文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: pwck.8.xml.out:325
+msgid "can't sort password files"
+msgstr "无法在密码文件中排序"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:50
+msgid "convert to and from shadow passwords and groups"
+msgstr "在影子密码和组以及其它直接转换"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:82 pwconv.8.xml.out:112
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>pwconv</command> command creates <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</"
+#| "emphasis> and an optionally existing <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</"
+#| "emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:emphasis-2/> from <_:emphasis-3/> and "
+"an optionally existing <_:emphasis-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>pwconv</command> 命令使用 <emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</emphasis> 以"
+"及可选并已经存在的 <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> 来创建 <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis>。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:93 pwconv.8.xml.out:251
+msgid "tcb_convert"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:87
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>pwconv</command> does not work with <option>USE_TCB</option> "
+#| "enabled. To convert to tcb passwords, you should first use "
+#| "<command>pwconv</command> to convert to shadowed passwords by disabling "
+#| "<option>USE_TCB</option> in <filename>login.defs</filename> and then "
+#| "convert to tcb password using <command>tcb_convert</command> (and re-"
+#| "enable <option>USE_TCB</option> in <filename>login.defs</filename>.)"
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. To convert to tcb "
+"passwords, you should first use <_:command-3/> to convert to shadowed "
+"passwords by disabling <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> and then convert to "
+"tcb password using <_:command-6/> (and re-enable <_:option-7/> in <_:"
+"filename-8/>.)"
+msgstr ""
+"<command>pwconv</command> 不能在启用 <option>USE_TCB</option> 时不能工作。要"
+"转换到 tcb 密码，您首先需要通过在 <filename>login.defs</filename> 禁用 "
+"<option>USE_TCB</option> 并使用 <command>pwconv</command> 转换到影子密码，然"
+"后再使用 <command>tcb_convert</command> 转换到 tcb 密码(并且在 "
+"<filename>login.defs</filename> 中重新启用 <option>USE_TCB</option>)。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:97 pwconv.8.xml.out:118
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:emphasis-2/> from <_:emphasis-3/> and "
+"<_:emphasis-4/> and then removes <_:emphasis-5/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:106 pwconv.8.xml.out:254
+msgid "tcb_unconvert"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:103
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>pwunconv</command> does not work with <option>USE_TCB</option> "
+#| "enabled. You should first switch back from tcb to shadowed passwords "
+#| "using <command>tcb_unconvert</command>, and then disable <option>USE_TCB</"
+#| "option> in <filename>login.defs</filename> before using "
+#| "<command>pwunconv</command>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. You should first "
+"switch back from tcb to shadowed passwords using <_:command-3/>, and then "
+"disable <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> before using <_:command-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>pwunconv</command> 在启用 <option>USE_TCB</option> 时不能工作。首先"
+"需要使用 <command>tcb_unconvert</command> 从 tcb 切换回影子密码，然后使用 "
+"<command>pwunconv</command> 在 <filename>login.defs</filename> 中禁用 "
+"<option>USE_TCB</option>。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:125
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and "
+#| "group files: <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>, <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>, and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group "
+"files: <_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>, <_:filename-3/>, and <_:filename-4/"
+">."
+msgstr ""
+"这四个程序都可以操作普通或影子密码和组文件：<filename>/etc/passwd</"
+"filename>, <filename>/etc/group</filename>, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> "
+"和 <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:132
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. "
+#| "<command>pwconv</command> and <command>grpconv</command> are similar. "
+#| "First, entries in the shadowed file which don't exist in the main file "
+#| "are removed. Then, shadowed entries which don't have `x' as the password "
+#| "in the main file are updated. Any missing shadowed entries are added. "
+#| "Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x'. These programs "
+#| "can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if "
+#| "the main file is edited by hand."
+msgid ""
+"Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. <_:command-1/> "
+"and <_:command-2/> are similar. First, entries in the shadowed file which "
+"don't exist in the main file are removed. Then, shadowed entries which don't "
+"have `x' as the password in the main file are updated. Any missing shadowed "
+"entries are added. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with "
+"`x'. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the "
+"shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand."
+msgstr ""
+"转换前，每个程序都会获取需要的锁。<command>pwconv</command> 和 "
+"<command>grpconv</command> 也类似。首先删除，存在于在影子文件中，但在主文件中"
+"却没有的条目；然后，更新在主文件中不使用“x”作为密码的影子条目，会添加所有缺失"
+"的条目；最后，将主文件中的密码替换为“x”。这两个工具可以用于初始转换以及根据手"
+"动编辑的主文件更新影子文件。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:143
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will use the values of <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and "
+"<_:emphasis-4/> from <_:filename-5/> when adding new entries to <_:"
+"filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Likewise <command>pwunconv</command> and <command>grpunconv</command> are "
+#| "similar. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file. "
+#| "Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are "
+#| "left alone. Finally, the shadowed file is removed. Some password aging "
+#| "information is lost by <command>pwunconv</command>. It will convert what "
+#| "it can."
+msgid ""
+"Likewise <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> are similar. Passwords in the "
+"main file are updated from the shadowed file. Entries which exist in the "
+"main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone. Finally, the shadowed "
+"file is removed. Some password aging information is lost by <_:command-3/>. "
+"It will convert what it can."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>pwunconv</command> 和 <command>grpunconv</command> 与此类似。主文件"
+"中的密码会根据影子文件更新。在主文件中存在，但不在影子文件中的条目单独留下。"
+"最后，移除影子文件。一些密码年龄信息会因为 <command>pwunconv</command> 而丢"
+"失。它只转换它可以转换的。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:164
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The options which apply to the <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</"
+#| "command> commands are:"
+msgid ""
+"The options which apply to the <_:command-1/>, <_:command-2/>, <_:command-3/"
+">, and <_:command-4/> commands are:"
+msgstr ""
+"<command>vipw</command> 和 <command>vigr</command> 命令可以接受的选项有："
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:194
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate "
+#| "entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other "
+#| "strange ways. Please run <command>pwck</command> and <command>grpck</"
+#| "command> to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow "
+#| "passwords or groups."
+msgid ""
+"Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) "
+"may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways. "
+"Please run <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> to correct any such errors "
+"before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups."
+msgstr ""
+"在 passwd 或 group 文件中有错误(比如，有重复条目)可能会造成这些程序死循环或者"
+"以奇怪的方式失败。在转换自，或转换到影子密码或组文件前，请运行 "
+"<command>pwck</command> 和 <command>grpck</command> 来修正此类错误。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename> change the behavior of <command>pwconv</command>:"
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variable in <_:filename-1/> changes the behavior "
+"of <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/>:"
+msgstr ""
+"<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 中的如下配置变量改变 <command>pwconv</"
+"command> 的行为："
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:213
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename> change the behavior of <command>pwconv</command>:"
+msgid ""
+"The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior "
+"of <_:command-2/>:"
+msgstr ""
+"<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 中的如下配置变量改变 <command>pwconv</"
+"command> 的行为："
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/phrase
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:249
+msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: pwconv.8.xml.out:240
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/><_:phrase-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:35
+msgid "Library Calls"
+msgstr "库函数调用"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:41 shadow.3.xml.out:160
+msgid "getspnam"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:42
+msgid "encrypted password file routines"
+msgstr "加密密码文件工具函数"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:46
+msgid "SYNTAX"
+msgstr "SYNTAX"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:48
+msgid "#include &lt;shadow.h&gt;"
+msgstr "#include &lt;shadow.h&gt;"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:52
+msgid "struct spwd *getspent();"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:56
+msgid "struct spwd *getspnam(char"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspnam(char"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:57
+msgid "*name"
+msgstr "*name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:57 shadow.3.xml.out:70 shadow.3.xml.out:75
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:81
+msgid ");"
+msgstr ");"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:61
+msgid "void setspent();"
+msgstr "void setspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:65
+msgid "void endspent();"
+msgstr "void endspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:69
+msgid "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE"
+msgstr "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:70 shadow.3.xml.out:81
+msgid "*fp"
+msgstr "*fp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:74
+msgid "struct spwd *sgetspent(char"
+msgstr "struct spwd *sgetspent(char"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:75
+msgid "*cp"
+msgstr "*cp"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:79
+msgid "int putspent(struct spwd"
+msgstr "int putspent(struct spwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:80
+msgid "*p,"
+msgstr "*p,"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:80
+msgid "FILE"
+msgstr "FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:85
+msgid "int lckpwdf();"
+msgstr "int lckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:89
+msgid "int ulckpwdf();"
+msgstr "int ulckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:98
+msgid "#include"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:95
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> manipulates the contents of the "
+#| "shadow password file, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. The structure in "
+#| "the <emphasis remap=\"I\">#include</emphasis> file is:"
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> manipulates the contents of the shadow password file, <_:"
+"filename-2/>. The structure in the <_:emphasis-3/> file is:"
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> 处理 shadow 密码文件 <filename>/etc/"
+"shadow</filename> 的内容。<emphasis remap=\"I\">#include</emphasis> 文件中的"
+"结构是："
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:100
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"struct spwd { char *sp_namp; /* user login name */ char *sp_pwdp; /* "
+"encrypted password */ long int sp_lstchg; /* last password change */ long "
+"int sp_min; /* days until change allowed. */ long int sp_max; /* days before "
+"change required */ long int sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */ long "
+"int sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */ long int sp_expire; /* date "
+"when account expires */ unsigned long int sp_flag; /* reserved for future "
+"use */ }"
+msgstr ""
+"struct spwd {\n"
+"      char\t\t*sp_namp; /* 用户登录名 */\n"
+"      char\t\t*sp_pwdp; /* 加密过的密码 */\n"
+"      long int\t\tsp_lstchg; /* 最近密码更改日期 */\n"
+"      long int\t\tsp_min; /* 到允许更改密码还有多少天 */\n"
+"      long int\t\tsp_max; /* 到要求更改密码还有多少天 */\n"
+"      long int\t\tsp_warn; /* 警告过期的天数 */\n"
+"      long int\t\tsp_inact; /* 账户非活动之前的天数 */\n"
+"      long int\t\tsp_expire; /* 账户过期的日期 */\n"
+"      unsigned long int\tsp_flag; /* 保留做以后使用 */\n"
+"}\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:112
+msgid "The meanings of each field are:"
+msgstr "每个字段的含义是："
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:115
+msgid "sp_namp - pointer to null-terminated user name"
+msgstr "sp_namp - 指向以 null 结束的用户名的指针"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:118
+msgid "sp_pwdp - pointer to null-terminated password"
+msgstr "sp_pwdp - 指向 null 结束的密码的指针"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:121
+msgid "sp_lstchg - days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed"
+msgstr "sp_lstchg - 最近更改密码的日期(日期计算方法是从1970年1月1日开始的天数)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:124
+msgid "sp_min - days before which password may not be changed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:127
+msgid "sp_max - days after which password must be changed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:130
+msgid ""
+"sp_warn - days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending "
+"password expiration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:135
+msgid ""
+"sp_inact - days after password expires that account is considered inactive "
+"and disabled"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:140
+msgid "sp_expire - days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:143
+msgid "sp_flag - reserved for future use"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:152 shadow.3.xml.out:155
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "getspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:152
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "getspname"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:153 shadow.3.xml.out:156
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "fgetspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:153 shadow.3.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "getspnam"
+msgid "sgetspent"
+msgstr "getspnam"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:154 shadow.3.xml.out:158
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "struct spwd *getspent();"
+msgid "struct spwd"
+msgstr "struct spwd *getspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:161
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "*name"
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "*name"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:151
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and <_:emphasis-4/> each "
+"return a pointer to a <_:emphasis-5/>. <_:emphasis-6/> returns the next "
+"entry from the file, and <_:emphasis-7/> returns the next entry from the "
+"given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format. <_:"
+"emphasis-8/> returns a pointer to a <_:emphasis-9/> using the provided "
+"string as input. <_:emphasis-10/> searches from the current position in the "
+"file for an entry matching <_:emphasis-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "void setspent();"
+msgid "setspent"
+msgstr "void setspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "void endspent();"
+msgid "endspent"
+msgstr "void endspent();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:164
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis>setspent</emphasis> and <emphasis>endspent</emphasis> may be "
+#| "used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> may be used to begin and end, "
+"respectively, access to the shadow password file."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis>setspent</emphasis> 和 <emphasis>endspent</emphasis> 分别用来开始和"
+"结束对影子密码文件的访问。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:171 shadow.3.xml.out:173 shadow.3.xml.out:178
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "int lckpwdf();"
+msgid "lckpwdf"
+msgstr "int lckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:171
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "int ulckpwdf();"
+msgid "ulckpwdf"
+msgstr "int ulckpwdf();"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:174
+msgid "pw_lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:176
+msgid "spw_lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:170
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> and <emphasis>ulckpwdf</emphasis> "
+#| "routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the <filename>/etc/"
+#| "shadow</filename> file. <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> attempts to acquire "
+#| "a lock using <emphasis>pw_lock</emphasis> for up to 15 seconds. It "
+#| "continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using "
+#| "<emphasis>spw_lock</emphasis> for the remainder of the initial 15 "
+#| "seconds. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds, "
+#| "<emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> returns -1. When both locks are acquired 0 "
+#| "is returned."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> routines should be used to insure "
+"exclusive access to the <_:filename-3/> file. <_:emphasis-4/> attempts to "
+"acquire a lock using <_:emphasis-5/> for up to 15 seconds. It continues by "
+"attempting to acquire a second lock using <_:emphasis-6/> for the remainder "
+"of the initial 15 seconds. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 "
+"seconds, <_:emphasis-7/> returns -1. When both locks are acquired 0 is "
+"returned."
+msgstr ""
+"需要使用 <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> 和 <emphasis>ulckpwdf</emphasis> 函数来"
+"确保对 <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> 文件的互斥访问。<emphasis>lckpwdf</"
+"emphasis> 使用 <emphasis>pw_lock</emphasis> 来获取一个最长为 15 秒的锁，然后"
+"继续使用 <emphasis>spw_lock</emphasis> 来获取长度为开始的 15 秒时间的剩余量的"
+"第二把锁。总计 15 秒之后，无论哪个失败，<emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> 都返回 "
+"-1。两把锁都获取成功时，返回 0。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:184 suauth.5.xml.out:189
+msgid "DIAGNOSTICS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:187
+msgid "int"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:185
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error "
+#| "occurs during processing. Routines which have <emphasis>int</emphasis> as "
+#| "the return value return 0 for success and -1 for failure."
+msgid ""
+"Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs "
+"during processing. Routines which have <_:emphasis-1/> as the return value "
+"return 0 for success and -1 for failure."
+msgstr ""
+"如果没有更多条目了或者处理时出错，此函数返回 NULL。使用 <emphasis>int</"
+"emphasis> 类型返回值的函数返回 0 表示成功，-1 表示失败。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:195
+msgid ""
+"These routines may only be used by the superuser as access to the shadow "
+"password file is restricted."
+msgstr "这些函数只能由超级用户使用，因为对影子密码文件的访问是受限的。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: shadow.3.xml.out:217
+msgid "getpwent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "shadowed password file"
+msgstr "影子化了的密码文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:46
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>shadow</filename> is a file which contains the password "
+#| "information for the system's accounts and optional aging information."
+msgid ""
+"<_:filename-1/> is a file which contains the password information for the "
+"system's accounts and optional aging information."
+msgstr ""
+"<filename>shadow</filename> 是一个文件，它包含系统账户的密码信息和可选的年龄"
+"信息。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:57
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (<quote>:</"
+#| "quote>), in the following order:"
+msgid ""
+"Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (<_:quote-1/"
+">), in the following order:"
+msgstr ""
+"此文件的每行包括 9 个字段，使用半角冒号 (<quote>:</quote>) 分隔，顺序如下："
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:66
+msgid "It must be a valid account name, which exist on the system."
+msgstr "必须是有效的账户名，且已经存在于系统中。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:74
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to "
+#| "authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications "
+#| "which read the <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file may decide not to "
+#| "permit any access at all if the password field is empty."
+msgid ""
+"This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to "
+"authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications which "
+"read the <_:filename-1/> file may decide not to permit any access at all if "
+"the password field is empty."
+msgstr ""
+"此字段可以为空，此时认证为特定的登录名时，不要求密码。然而，一些读取 "
+"<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> 文件的应用程序，在密码字段为空时，可能决定禁"
+"止任何访问。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:103
+msgid "date of last password change"
+msgstr "最后一次更改密码的日期"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:106
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days "
+#| "since Jan 1, 1970."
+msgid ""
+"The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since "
+"Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC."
+msgstr "最近一次更改密码的时间，表示从1970年1月1日开始的天数。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:110
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change "
+#| "her pasword the next time she will log in the system."
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her "
+"password the next time she will log in the system."
+msgstr "0 有特殊意思，表示用户应该在下次登录系统时更改密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:115
+msgid "An empty field means that password aging features are disabled."
+msgstr "空字段表示密码年龄功能被禁用。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:122
+msgid "minimum password age"
+msgstr "密码的最小年龄"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"The minimum password age is the number of days the user will have to wait "
+"before she will be allowed to change her password again."
+msgstr ""
+"最小密码年龄是指，用户一次更改密码之后，要等多长时间才再次被允许更改密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no minimum password age."
+msgid "An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age."
+msgstr "空字段或 0 表示没有最小密码年龄。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:136
+msgid "maximum password age"
+msgstr "最大密码年龄"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"The maximum password age is the number of days after which the user will "
+"have to change her password."
+msgstr "最大密码年龄是指，这写天之后，用户必须更改密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:142
+msgid ""
+"After this number of days is elapsed, the password may still be valid. The "
+"user should be asked to change her password the next time she will log in."
+msgstr "这写天之后，密码仍然可用。用户将会在下次登录的时候被要求更改密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:147
+msgid ""
+"An empty field means that there are no maximum password age, no password "
+"warning period, and no password inactivity period (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"空字段表示没有最大密码年龄，没有密码警告时间段，没有密码禁用时间段(请看下"
+"边)。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:152
+msgid ""
+"If the maximum password age is lower than the minimum password age, the user "
+"cannot change her password."
+msgstr "如果最大密码年龄小于最小密码年龄，用户将会不能更改密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:160
+msgid "password warning period"
+msgstr "密码警告时间段"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:163
+msgid ""
+"The number of days before a password is going to expire (see the maximum "
+"password age above) during which the user should be warned."
+msgstr "密码过期之前，提前警告用户的的天数(请参考上边的密码的最大年龄)。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:168
+msgid ""
+"An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no password warning period."
+msgstr "空字段或者 0 表示没有密码警告期。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:176
+msgid "password inactivity period"
+msgstr "密码禁用期"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:179
+msgid ""
+"The number of days after a password has expired (see the maximum password "
+"age above) during which the password should still be accepted (and the user "
+"should update her password during the next login)."
+msgstr ""
+"密码过期(查看上边的密码最大年龄)后，仍然接受此密码的天数(在此期间，用户应该在"
+"下次登录时修改密码)。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:185
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, "
+#| "no login is possible using the current user's password. The user should "
+#| "contact her administrator."
+msgid ""
+"After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no "
+"login is possible for the user. The user should contact her administrator."
+msgstr ""
+"密码到期并且过了这个宽限期之后，使用用户的当前的密码将会不能登录。用户需要联"
+"系系统管理员。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:190
+msgid ""
+"An empty field means that there are no enforcement of an inactivity period."
+msgstr "空字段表示没有强制密码过期。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:198
+msgid "account expiration date"
+msgstr "账户过期日期"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:201
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days "
+#| "since Jan 1, 1970."
+msgid ""
+"The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since "
+"Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC."
+msgstr "账户过期的日期，表示从1970年1月1日开始的天数。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration. In "
+#| "case of an acount expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login. In "
+#| "case of a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her "
+#| "password."
+msgid ""
+"Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration. In case "
+"of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login. In case of "
+"a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password."
+msgstr ""
+"注意，账户过期不同于密码过期。账户过期时，用户将不被允许登录；密码过期时，用"
+"户将不被允许使用其密码登录。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:211
+msgid "An empty field means that the account will never expire."
+msgstr "空字段表示账户永不过期。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:214
+msgid ""
+"The value 0 should not be used as it is interpreted as either an account "
+"with no expiration, or as an expiration on Jan 1, 1970."
+msgstr "应该避免使用 0，因为它既能理解成永不过期也能理解成在1970年1月1日过期。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:222
+msgid "reserved field"
+msgstr "保留字段"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:224
+msgid "This field is reserved for future use."
+msgstr "此字段保留作将来使用。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:246
+msgid "/etc/shadow-"
+msgstr "/etc/shadow-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: shadow.5.xml.out:248
+msgid "Backup file for /etc/shadow."
+msgstr "/etc/shadow 的备份文件。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: sg.1.xml.out:42
+msgid "execute command as different group ID"
+msgstr "以不同的组 ID 执行命令"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#: sg.1.xml.out:49
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group <placeholder-1/> command"
+msgid "group <_:arg-1/> command"
+msgstr "组 <placeholder-1/> 命令"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: sg.1.xml.out:58
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>sg</command> command works similar to <command>newgrp</"
+#| "command> but accepts a command. The command will be executed with the "
+#| "<filename>/bin/sh</filename> shell. With most shells you may run "
+#| "<command>sg</command> from, you need to enclose multi-word commands in "
+#| "quotes. Another difference between <command>newgrp</command> and "
+#| "<command>sg</command> is that some shells treat <command>newgrp</command> "
+#| "specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that "
+#| "<command>newgrp</command> creates. This doesn't happen with <command>sg</"
+#| "command>, so upon exit from a <command>sg</command> command you are "
+#| "returned to your previous group ID."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command works similar to <_:command-2/> but accepts a "
+"command. The command will be executed with the <_:filename-3/> shell. With "
+"most shells you may run <_:command-4/> from, you need to enclose multi-word "
+"commands in quotes. Another difference between <_:command-5/> and <_:"
+"command-6/> is that some shells treat <_:command-7/> specially, replacing "
+"themselves with a new instance of a shell that <_:command-8/> creates. This "
+"doesn't happen with <_:command-9/>, so upon exit from a <_:command-10/> "
+"command you are returned to your previous group ID."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>sg</command> 命令类似于 <command>newgrp</command>，但是可以接受一个"
+"命令。这个命令将会使用 <filename>/bin/sh</filename> shell 来执行。对于您可以"
+"使用 <command>sg</command> 启动的多数 shell，您需要将多个词的命令用引号引起"
+"来。<command>newgrp</command> 和 <command>sg</command> 之间的另外一个不同点是"
+"某些 shell 对 <command>newgrp</command> 有特殊对待，会使用 <command>newgrp</"
+"command> 创建的一个新的 shell 实例替换自身。这不会发生在 <command>sg</"
+"command> 身上，所以从 <command>sg</command> 退出后，您会返回到先前的组 ID。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: su.1.xml.out:58
+msgid "change user ID or become superuser"
+msgstr "更改用户 ID 或成为超级用户"
+
+#. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:72
+msgid "args"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:80
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>su</command> command is used to become another user during a "
+#| "login session. Invoked without a <option>username</option>, <command>su</"
+#| "command> defaults to becoming the superuser. The optional argument "
+#| "<option>-</option> may be used to provide an environment similar to what "
+#| "the user would expect had the user logged in directly."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command is used to become another user during a login "
+"session. Invoked without a <_:option-2/>, <_:command-3/> defaults to "
+"becoming the superuser. The <_:option-4/> option may be used to provide an "
+"environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in "
+"directly. The <_:option-5/> option may be used to treat the next argument as "
+"a command by most shells."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>su</command> 用于让用户在登录期间变成另外一个用户。后边不带 "
+"<option>username</option> 使用时，<command>su</command> 默认会变成超级用户。"
+"可选的选项 <option>-</option>，可以用于提供一个类似于用户直接登录的环境，用户"
+"可能期望是这样的。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:92 su.1.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "--"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:90
+msgid ""
+"Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list. You can use the <_:"
+"option-1/> argument to stop option parsing. The <_:option-2/> option is "
+"special: it is also recognized after <_:option-3/>, but has to be placed "
+"before <_:option-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:98
+msgid ""
+"The user will be prompted for a password, if appropriate. Invalid passwords "
+"will produce an error message. All attempts, both valid and invalid, are "
+"logged to detect abuse of the system."
+msgstr ""
+"如果合适，将提示用户输入一个密码。输入无效的密码会产生一个错误消息。所有的尝"
+"试，无论成功还是失败，都会被记录，以检测对系统的滥用。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: su.1.xml.out:105
+msgid "/bin:/usr/bin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: su.1.xml.out:106
+msgid "/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:108 su.1.xml.out:220
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "$PATH"
+msgid "ENV_PATH"
+msgstr "$PATH"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:108 su.1.xml.out:221
+msgid "ENV_SUPATH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:103
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of "
+#| "<envar>$PATH</envar> is reset to <filename>/bin:/usr/bin</filename> for "
+#| "normal users, or <filename>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</filename> for "
+#| "the superuser. This may be changed with the <option>ENV_PATH</option> and "
+#| "<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> definitions in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of <_:envar-1/"
+"> is reset to <_:filename-2/> for normal users, or <_:filename-3/> for the "
+"superuser. This may be changed with the <_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/> "
+"definitions in <_:filename-6/>."
+msgstr ""
+"当前环境会传递给新 shell。对于普通用户，<envar>$PATH</envar> 的值重置为 "
+"<filename>/bin:/usr/bin</filename>，而对于超级用户则是 <filename>/sbin:/bin:/"
+"usr/sbin:/usr/bin</filename>。这会随 <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 中"
+"的 <option>ENV_PATH</option> 和 <option>ENV_SUPATH</option> 值改变。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+msgid "--command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:126
+msgid "COMMAND"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:129
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its <option>-c</"
+#| "option>."
+msgid ""
+"Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its <_:option-1/>."
+msgstr "通过使用其 <option>-c</option> 选项，指定一个由 shell 运行的命令。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The executed command will have no controlling terminal. This option "
+#| "cannot be used to execute interractive programs which need a controlling "
+#| "TTY."
+msgid ""
+"The executed command will have no controlling terminal. This option cannot "
+"be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY."
+msgstr ""
+"执行的命令将不会拥有控制终端。此选项不能用于执行需要控制 TTY 的交互程序。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:144 su.1.xml.out:156 su.1.xml.out:256 su.1.xml.out:263
+#: su.1.xml.out:273 su.1.xml.out:286 usermod.8.xml.out:217
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "login"
+msgid "--login"
+msgstr "login"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: su.1.xml.out:143 su.1.xml.out:206
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>"
+msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:147
+msgid ""
+"Provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user "
+"logged in directly."
+msgstr "提供一个类似于用户直接登录的环境，用户可能会希望这样。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:151
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When <option>-</option> is used, it must be specified as the last "
+#| "<command>su</command> option. The other forms (<option>-l</option> and "
+#| "<option>--login</option>) do not have this restriction."
+msgid ""
+"When <_:option-1/> is used, it must be specified before any <_:option-2/>. "
+"For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any <_:"
+"option-3/>. The other forms (<_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/>) do not have "
+"this restriction."
+msgstr ""
+"使用了 <option>-</option> 时，它必须是 <command>su</command> 的最后一个参数。"
+"其它形式(<option>-l</option> 和 <option>--login</option>) 没有这个限制。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:166
+msgid "The shell that will be invoked."
+msgstr "将使用的 shell。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:174
+msgid "The shell specified with --shell."
+msgstr "通过 --shell 指定的 shell。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:178 su.1.xml.out:208
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Preserve environment."
+msgid "--preserve-environment"
+msgstr "保留环境。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:177
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--preserve-environment</option> is used, the shell specified "
+#| "by the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environment variable."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the shell specified by the <_:envar-2/> "
+"environment variable."
+msgstr ""
+"如果使用了 <option>--preserve-environment</option>，shell 将由 "
+"<envar>$SHELL</envar> 环境变量指定。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:184
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The shell indicated in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> entry for the "
+#| "target user."
+msgid "The shell indicated in the <_:filename-1/> entry for the target user."
+msgstr "在 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> 的相应项中为目标用户指定的 shell。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:190
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<filename>/bin/sh</filename> if a shell could not be found by any above "
+#| "method."
+msgid "<_:filename-1/> if a shell could not be found by any above method."
+msgstr ""
+"如果无法通过以上办法找到一个 shell，则使用 <filename>/bin/sh</filename>。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:167
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): <placeholder-1/"
+#| ">"
+msgid ""
+"The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): <_:variablelist-1/"
+">"
+msgstr "使用的 shell 在如下中选择(高优先级在前)：<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:195
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of this "
+#| "user's entry in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> is not listed in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/shells</filename>), then the <option>--shell</option> "
+#| "option or the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environment variable won't be taken "
+#| "into account, unless <command>su</command> is called by root."
+msgid ""
+"If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of this "
+"user's entry in <_:filename-1/> is not listed in <_:filename-2/>), then the "
+"<_:option-3/> option or the <_:envar-4/> environment variable won't be taken "
+"into account, unless <_:command-5/> is called by root."
+msgstr ""
+"如果目标用户的 shell 是有限制的(即，<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> 中用户项"
+"中的 shell 字段没有在 <filename>/etc/shells</filename> 中列出)，那么 "
+"<option>--shell</option> 选项或 <envar>$SHELL</envar> 环境变量不会带入账户，"
+"除非 <command>su</command> 是被 root 调用的。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:217
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "reset according to the <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> options "
+#| "<option>ENV_PATH</option> or <option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (see below);"
+msgid ""
+"reset according to the <_:filename-1/> options <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/"
+"> (see below);"
+msgstr ""
+"根据 <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 中的 <option>ENV_PATH</option> or "
+"<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> 选项重设 (请往下看)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/envar
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:226 su.1.xml.out:249
+msgid "$IFS"
+msgstr "$IFS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/quote
+#: su.1.xml.out:230
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "reset to <quote>&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;</quote>, if it "
+#| "was set."
+msgid "&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;"
+msgstr ""
+"如果已经设置了，重设 <quote>&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;</quote>。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:228
+msgid "reset to <_:quote-1/>, if it was set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Preserve the current environment, except for: <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid "Preserve the current environment, except for: <_:variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr "保留当前环境，除非：<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:237
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect "
+#| "(unless <command>su</command> is called by root)."
+msgid ""
+"If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless "
+"<_:command-1/> is called by root)."
+msgstr ""
+"如果用户的 shell 受限，此选项无效 (除非是 root 调用的 <command>su</"
+"command>)。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:248
+msgid "$USER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:246
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <envar>$HOME</envar>, <envar>$SHELL</envar>, <envar>$USER</envar>, "
+#| "<envar>$LOGNAME</envar>, <envar>$PATH</envar>, and <envar>$IFS</envar> "
+#| "environment variables are reset."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:envar-1/>, <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, <_:envar-5/>, "
+"and <_:envar-6/> environment variables are reset."
+msgstr ""
+"The <envar>$HOME</envar>, <envar>$SHELL</envar>, <envar>$USER</envar>, "
+"<envar>$LOGNAME</envar>, <envar>$PATH</envar>, 和 <envar>$IFS</envar> 这些环"
+"境变量会被重置。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:255
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--login</option> is not used, the environment is copied, "
+#| "except for the variables above."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is not used, the environment is copied, except for the "
+"variables above."
+msgstr "如果没有使用 <option>--login</option>，复制环境，上述几个变量除外。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:264
+msgid "$COLORTERM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:265
+msgid "$DISPLAY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:266
+msgid "$XAUTHORITY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:262
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--login</option> is used, the <envar>$TERM</envar>, "
+#| "<envar>$COLORTERM</envar>, <envar>$DISPLAY</envar>, and "
+#| "<envar>$XAUTHORITY</envar> environment variables are copied if they were "
+#| "set."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, and "
+"<_:envar-5/> environment variables are copied if they were set."
+msgstr ""
+"如果使用了 <option>--login</option>，如果设置了 <envar>$TERM</envar>, "
+"<envar>$COLORTERM</envar>, <envar>$DISPLAY</envar> 和 <envar>$XAUTHORITY</"
+"envar>，这些环境变量也会被重置。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:274
+msgid "$TZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: su.1.xml.out:274
+msgid "$HZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:279
+msgid "ENV_HZ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:279 userdel.8.xml.out:116
+msgid "MAIL_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:280
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "FILE"
+msgid "MAIL_FILE"
+msgstr "FILE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:272
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--login</option> is used, the <envar>$TZ</envar>, <envar>$HZ</"
+#| "envar>, and <envar>$MAIL</envar> environment variables are set according "
+#| "to the <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> options <option>ENV_TZ</"
+#| "option>, <option>ENV_HZ</option>, <option>MAIL_DIR</option>, and "
+#| "<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (see below)."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, and <_:envar-4/> "
+"environment variables are set according to the <_:filename-5/> options <_:"
+"option-6/>, <_:option-7/>, <_:option-8/>, and <_:option-9/> (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"如果使用了 <option>--login</option>，环境变量 <envar>$TZ</envar>, "
+"<envar>$HZ</envar>, and <envar>$MAIL</envar> 也会根据 <filename>/etc/login."
+"defs</filename> 中的选项 <option>ENV_TZ</option>, <option>ENV_HZ</option>, "
+"<option>MAIL_DIR</option> 和 <option>MAIL_FILE</option> 重置 (请看下边)。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: su.1.xml.out:288
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "ENVIRONMENT"
+msgid "ENVIRON_FILE"
+msgstr "环境变量"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:285
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>--login</option> is used, other environment variables might be "
+#| "set by the <option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> file (see below)."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is used, other environment variables might be set by the <_:"
+"option-2/> file (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+"如果使用了 <option>--login</option>，其它环境变量可能会根据 "
+"<option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> 文件来设置(请看下边)。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:293
+msgid "Other environments might be set by PAM modules."
+msgstr "其它环境可能由 PAM 模块设置。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:241
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: "
+#| "<placeholder-1/>"
+msgid ""
+"Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: <_:"
+"variablelist-1/>"
+msgstr "注意，环境的默认行为如下：<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:367
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "On success, <command>su</command> returns the exit value of the command "
+#| "it executed."
+msgid ""
+"On success, <_:command-1/> returns the exit value of the command it executed."
+msgstr "成功时，<command>su</command> 返回执行的命令的退出值。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:371
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this command was terminated by a signal, <command>su</command> returns "
+#| "the number of this signal plus 128."
+msgid ""
+"If this command was terminated by a signal, <_:command-1/> returns the "
+"number of this signal plus 128."
+msgstr "如果命令被信号结束，<command>su</command> 返回此信号的编号加 128。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:375
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the "
+#| "command did not terminate in time), <command>su</command> returns 255."
+msgid ""
+"If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the "
+"command did not terminate in time), <_:command-1/> returns 255."
+msgstr ""
+"如果 su 必须要杀死此命令(因为已经要求它结束，可是却没有及时结束)，"
+"<command>su</command> 返回 255。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:387
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "success (<option>--help</option> only)"
+msgid "success (<_:option-1/> only)"
+msgstr "成功 (只有 <option>--help</option>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:393
+msgid "System or authentication failure"
+msgstr "系统或者认证失败"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:397
+msgid "126"
+msgstr "126"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:399
+msgid "The requested command was not found"
+msgstr "要求的命令不存在"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: su.1.xml.out:403
+msgid "127"
+msgstr "127"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:405
+msgid "The requested command could not be executed"
+msgstr "请求的命令不能执行"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:380
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Some exit values from <command>su</command> are independent from the "
+#| "executed command: <placeholder-1/>"
+msgid ""
+"Some exit values from <_:command-1/> are independent from the executed "
+"command: <_:variablelist-2/>"
+msgstr "<command>su</command> 中的某些退出值与执行的命令无关：<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: su.1.xml.out:414
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#| "citerefentry>."
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>."
+
+#. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:33 suauth.5.xml.out:40
+msgid "suauth"
+msgstr "suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:41
+msgid "detailed su control file"
+msgstr "详细的 su 控制文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:46 suauth.5.xml.out:53 suauth.5.xml.out:172
+msgid "/etc/suauth"
+msgstr "/etc/suauth"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:52
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The file <filename>/etc/suauth</filename> is referenced whenever the su "
+#| "command is called. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based "
+#| "upon:"
+msgid ""
+"The file <_:filename-1/> is referenced whenever the su command is called. It "
+"can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:"
+msgstr ""
+"执行 su 命令时，总是根据 <filename>/etc/suauth</filename>，可以更改 su 命令的"
+"行为，规则是："
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:59
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      1) the user su is targetting\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "1) the user su is targeting"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      1) su 到的用户\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:63
+msgid ""
+"2) the user executing the su command (or any groups he might be a member of)"
+msgstr "2) 执行 su 命令的用户 (或者他可能属于的组)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:68
+msgid ""
+"The file is formatted like this, with lines starting with a # being treated "
+"as comment lines and ignored;"
+msgstr "文件格式为：以 # 开头的行视为注视，并被忽略；"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:73
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      to-id:from-id:ACTION\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid "to-id:from-id:ACTION"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      to-id:from-id:ACTION\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:79
+msgid "ALL EXCEPT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:77
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Where to-id is either the word <emphasis>ALL</emphasis>, a list of "
+#| "usernames delimited by \",\" or the words <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT</emphasis> "
+#| "followed by a list of usernames delimited by \",\"."
+msgid ""
+"Where to-id is either the word <_:emphasis-1/>, a list of usernames "
+"delimited by \",\" or the words <_:emphasis-2/> followed by a list of "
+"usernames delimited by \",\"."
+msgstr ""
+"此处的 to-id 可以是：<emphasis>ALL</emphasis>，逗号(,) 分隔的用户名列表或者 "
+"<emphasis>ALL EXCEPT</emphasis> 后跟逗号分隔的用户名列表。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:85
+msgid "ALL EXCEPT GROUP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:83
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word "
+#| "<emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> is recognised. <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT GROUP</"
+#| "emphasis> is perfectly valid too. Following <emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> "
+#| "appears one or more group names, delimited by \",\". It is not sufficient "
+#| "to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>/etc/group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> is neccessary."
+msgid ""
+"from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word <_:emphasis-1/> "
+"is recognized. <_:emphasis-2/> is perfectly valid too. Following <_:"
+"emphasis-3/> appears one or more group names, delimited by \",\". It is not "
+"sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/> is necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"from-id 格式和 to-id 相同，但是可以多识别一个词 <emphasis>GROUP</emphasis>。"
+"<emphasis>ALL EXCEPT GROUP</emphasis> 也是有效的。<emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> "
+"后边是一个或更多的组名称，使用逗号(,)分隔。不光要有相关主组的 ID，也需要在 "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>/etc/group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+"manvolnum></citerefentry> 中有一个条目。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:94
+msgid "Action can be one only of the following currently supported options."
+msgstr "动作只可以使用如下当前支持的选项。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:100
+msgid "DENY"
+msgstr "DENY"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:103
+msgid "The attempt to su is stopped before a password is even asked for."
+msgstr "su 的尝试在询问密码之前就被拒绝。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:110
+msgid "NOPASS"
+msgstr "NOPASS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:113
+msgid ""
+"The attempt to su is automatically successful; no password is asked for."
+msgstr "su 尝试自动成功，而且不询问密码。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:121
+msgid "OWNPASS"
+msgstr "OWNPASS"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:124
+msgid ""
+"For the su command to be successful, the user must enter his or her own "
+"password. They are told this."
+msgstr "为了成功执行 su，用户必须提供自己的密码。将会提示他们这样。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:132
+msgid ""
+"Note there are three separate fields delimited by a colon. No whitespace "
+"must surround this colon. Also note that the file is examined sequentially "
+"line by line, and the first applicable rule is used without examining the "
+"file further. This makes it possible for a system administrator to exercise "
+"as fine control as he or she wishes."
+msgstr ""
+"注意，有三个用冒号分割的字段。冒号旁边不能有空格。也请注意，这个文件会被一行"
+"一行地依次检查，会使用第一个可用的规则，而不会继续检查文件。这可以让系统管理"
+"员使系统尽量符合其期望。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:142
+msgid "EXAMPLE"
+msgstr "示例"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:143
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\n"
+#| "      # sample /etc/suauth file\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      # A couple of privileged usernames may\n"
+#| "      # su to root with their own password.\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      # Anyone else may not su to root unless in\n"
+#| "      # group wheel. This is how BSD does things.\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts\n"
+#| "      # owned by the same person.\n"
+#| "      # Access can be arranged between them\n"
+#| "      # with no password.\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "      terry:birddog:NOPASS\n"
+#| "      birddog:terry:NOPASS\n"
+#| "      #\n"
+#| "    "
+msgid ""
+"# sample /etc/suauth file # # A couple of privileged usernames may # su to "
+"root with their own password. # root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS # # Anyone else "
+"may not su to root unless in # group wheel. This is how BSD does things. # "
+"root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY # # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts "
+"# owned by the same person. # Access can be arranged between them # with no "
+"password. # terry:birddog:NOPASS birddog:terry:NOPASS #"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"      # 示例 /etc/suauth 文件\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      # 有两个用户可以使用自己的密码 su 成 root\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      # 任何其他人都不能 su 成 root，除非在 wheel 组中。\n"
+"      # BSD 就是这样实现这个功能的。\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      # 或许 terry 和 birddog 是属于同一个人的账户\n"
+"      # 两个账户直接互相 su，不需要密码\n"
+"      #\n"
+"      terry:birddog:NOPASS\n"
+"      birddog:terry:NOPASS\n"
+"      #\n"
+"    "
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:180
+msgid ""
+"There could be plenty lurking. The file parser is particularly unforgiving "
+"about syntax errors, expecting no spurious whitespace (apart from beginning "
+"and end of lines), and a specific token delimiting different things."
+msgstr ""
+"可能会有很多潜在问题。文件解析器尤其不能容忍语法错误，不能有无意义的空白符(除"
+"了行首和行尾)，并且使用特定的标记分割不同的事情。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:192
+msgid "syslogd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: suauth.5.xml.out:190
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "An error parsing the file is reported using "
+#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslogd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> as level ERR on facility AUTH."
+msgid ""
+"An error parsing the file is reported using <_:citerefentry-1/> as level ERR "
+"on facility AUTH."
+msgstr ""
+"此文件的解析错误会使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslogd</"
+"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 作为 AUTH 中的 ERR 级别"
+"报告。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:60
+msgid "create a new user or update default new user information"
+msgstr "创建一个新用户或更新默认新用户信息"
+
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:72 useradd.8.xml.out:76 useradd.8.xml.out:86
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:169 useradd.8.xml.out:583 useradd.8.xml.out:585
+msgid "-D"
+msgstr "-D"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:85
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When invoked without the <option>-D</option> option, the "
+#| "<command>useradd</command> command creates a new user account using the "
+#| "values specified on the command line plus the default values from the "
+#| "system. Depending on command line options, the <command>useradd</command> "
+#| "command will update system files and may also create the new user's home "
+#| "directory and copy initial files."
+msgid ""
+"When invoked without the <_:option-1/> option, the <_:command-2/> command "
+"creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line "
+"plus the default values from the system. Depending on command line options, "
+"the <_:command-3/> command will update system files and may also create the "
+"new user's home directory and copy initial files."
+msgstr ""
+"如果使用时不带 <option>-D</option> 选项，<command>useradd</command> 命令使用"
+"命令行上指定的值和系统的默认值创建一个新用户。根据命令行选项，"
+"<command>useradd</command> 命令也会更新系统文件和创建新用户的主目录并复制初始"
+"文件。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see <option>-"
+#| "g</option>, <option>-N</option>, <option>-U</option>, and "
+#| "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option>)."
+msgid ""
+"By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see <_:option-1/"
+">, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, and <_:option-4/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"默认上，也会为用户创建组 (察看 <option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option>, "
+"<option>-U</option>，和 <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option>)。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:592
+msgid "--base-dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:118 useradd.8.xml.out:124 useradd.8.xml.out:159
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:592 useradd.8.xml.out:598
+msgid "BASE_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:123 useradd.8.xml.out:151 useradd.8.xml.out:156
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:161 usermod.8.xml.out:112
+msgid "HOME_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:121
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The default base directory for the system if <option>-d</option>&nbsp;"
+#| "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> is not specified. "
+#| "<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> is concatenated with the account name "
+#| "to define the home directory. If the <option>-m</option> option is not "
+#| "used, <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> must exist."
+msgid ""
+"The default base directory for the system if <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/"
+"> is not specified. <_:replaceable-3/> is concatenated with the account name "
+"to define the home directory."
+msgstr ""
+"如果没有使用 <option>-d</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>，则"
+"使用默认的基目录。<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> 加上账户名就是主目录。"
+"如果没有使用 <option>-m</option> 选项，<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> 必"
+"须已经存在。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:131 useradd.8.xml.out:603
+msgid "HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:132 useradd.8.xml.out:189 useradd.8.xml.out:212
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:250 useradd.8.xml.out:293 useradd.8.xml.out:343
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:393 useradd.8.xml.out:523 useradd.8.xml.out:604
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:616 useradd.8.xml.out:633 useradd.8.xml.out:649
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:663 useradd.8.xml.out:677 useradd.8.xml.out:767
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:419
+msgid "/etc/default/useradd"
+msgstr "/etc/default/useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:133
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "home_ph"
+msgid "/home"
+msgstr "home_ph"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:128
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this option is not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the "
+#| "base directory specified by the <option>HOME</option> variable in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or <filename>/home</filename> "
+#| "by default."
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the base directory "
+"specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or <_:filename-4/"
+"> by default."
+msgstr ""
+"如果选项没有指定，<command>useradd</command> 将使用 <filename>/etc/default/"
+"useradd</filename> 中的 <option>HOME</option> 变量，或者默认的 <filename>/"
+"home</filename>。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "--comment"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:139 usermod.8.xml.out:99
+msgid "COMMENT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:142
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Any text string. It is generally a short description of the login, and is "
+#| "currently used as the field for the user's full name."
+msgid ""
+"Any text string. It is generally a short description of the account, and is "
+"currently used as the field for the user's full name."
+msgstr "任何字符串。通常是关于登录的简短描述，当前用于用户全名。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:151
+msgid "--home-dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:154
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The new user will be created using <replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> as "
+#| "the value for the user's login directory. The default is to append the "
+#| "<replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> name to <replaceable>BASE_DIR</"
+#| "replaceable> and use that as the login directory name. The directory "
+#| "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> does not have to exist but will not "
+#| "be created if it is missing."
+msgid ""
+"The new user will be created using <_:replaceable-1/> as the value for the "
+"user's login directory. The default is to append the <_:replaceable-2/> name "
+"to <_:replaceable-3/> and use that as the login directory name. If the "
+"directory <_:replaceable-4/> does not exist, then it will be created unless "
+"the <_:option-5/> option is specified."
+msgstr ""
+"将创建新用户，并使用 <replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> 作为用户登录目录的"
+"值。默认值是将 <replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> 名附加到 "
+"<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> 后面，并使用这作为登录目录。目录不一定必"
+"须已经存在 <replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>，但是会在需要时创建。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:169
+msgid "--defaults"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:172
+msgid "See below, the subsection \"Changing the default values\"."
+msgstr "看下边，“更改默认值”子节。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:184 usermod.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "YYYY-MM-DD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:182
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is "
+#| "specified in the format <emphasis remap=\"I\">YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified "
+"in the format <_:emphasis-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"用户账户将被禁用的日期。日期以 <emphasis remap=\"I\">YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis> 格"
+"式指定。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:188 useradd.8.xml.out:615 usermod.8.xml.out:418
+msgid "EXPIRE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:186
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the default expiry "
+#| "date specified by the <option>EXPIRE</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "default/useradd</filename>, or an empty string (no expiry) by default."
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the default expiry date specified "
+"by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or an empty string (no "
+"expiry) by default."
+msgstr ""
+"如果没有指定，<command>useradd</command> 将使用 <filename>/etc/default/"
+"useradd</filename> 中 <option>EXPIRE</option> 变量指定的默认过期日期，或者一"
+"个空字符串(不过期)。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:199
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where "
+"the user is expected to replace this password. The value is stored in the "
+"shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no "
+"delay. An input of -1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password "
+"file. See <_:citerefentry-1/>for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:208
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the default "
+#| "inactivity period specified by the <option>INACTIVE</option> variable in "
+#| "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or -1 by default."
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the default inactivity period "
+"specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or -1 by default."
+msgstr ""
+"如果未指定，<command>useradd</command> 将使用 <filename>/etc/default/"
+"useradd</filename> 中的 <option>INACTIVE</option> 指定的默认禁用周期，或者默"
+"认为 -1。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:218 useradd.8.xml.out:482
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-F"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:218
+msgid "--add-subids-for-system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:221
+msgid ""
+"Update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> even when creating a system "
+"account with <_:option-3/> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:233
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The group name or number of the user's initial login group. The group "
+#| "name must exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group."
+msgid ""
+"The name or the number of the user's primary group. The group name must "
+"exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group."
+msgstr ""
+"用户初始登录组的组名或号码。组名必须已经存在。组号码必须指代已经存在的组。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "-U/--user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:247
+msgid "-N/--no-user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:238
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If not specified, the behavior of <command>useradd</command> will depend "
+#| "on the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> variable in <filename>/etc/login."
+#| "defs</filename>. If this variable is set to <replaceable>yes</"
+#| "replaceable> (or <option>-U/--user-group</option> is specified on the "
+#| "command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name "
+#| "as her loginname. If the variable is set to <replaceable>no</replaceable> "
+#| "(or <option>-N/--no-user-group</option> is specified on the command "
+#| "line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value "
+#| "specified by the <option>GROUP</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "default/useradd</filename>, or 100 by default."
+msgid ""
+"If not specified, the behavior of <_:command-1/> will depend on the <_:"
+"option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>. If this variable is set to <_:"
+"replaceable-4/> (or <_:option-5/> is specified on the command line), a group "
+"will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname. If the "
+"variable is set to <_:replaceable-6/> (or <_:option-7/> is specified on the "
+"command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the "
+"value specified by the <_:option-8/> variable in <_:filename-9/>, or 1000 by "
+"default."
+msgstr ""
+"如果没有指定， <command>useradd</command> 的行为将依赖于 <filename>/etc/"
+"login.defs</filename> 文件中的 <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> 参数。如果此"
+"参数设置为了 <replaceable>yes</replaceable> (或者在命令行上指定了 <option>-"
+"U/--user-group</option>)，将会为用户创建一个组，组名和登录名相同。如果选项设"
+"置为了 <replaceable>no</replaceable> (或者在命令行上指定了 <option>-N/--no-"
+"user-group</option>)，useradd 会把新用户的主组设置为 <filename>/etc/default/"
+"useradd</filename> 中 <option>GROUP</option> 变量指定的值，再或者默认是 100。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:83 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:322
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-G"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "groups"
+msgid "--groups"
+msgstr "groups"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid "GROUP1"
+msgstr "GROUP"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid ",GROUP2,..."
+msgstr "GROUP"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/emphasis
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:257 usermod.8.xml.out:199
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "GROUP"
+msgid ",GROUPN"
+msgstr "GROUP"
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:256 usermod.8.xml.out:198
+msgid ""
+"<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>[<_:emphasis-4/>[<_:"
+"emphasis-5/>]]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:260
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+#| "group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening "
+#| "whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group "
+#| "given with the <option>-g</option> option. The default is for the user to "
+#| "belong only to the initial group."
+msgid ""
+"A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+"group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. "
+"The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the "
+"<_:option-1/> option. The default is for the user to belong only to the "
+"initial group."
+msgstr ""
+"用户还属于的附加组列表。每个组都用逗号隔开，没有中间的空格。这里的组受到了 "
+"<option>-g</option> 选项给定的组同样的限制。默认上，用户只属于初始组。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+msgid "--skel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:278
+msgid "SKEL_DIR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:281
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied "
+#| "in the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by "
+#| "<command>useradd</command>."
+msgid ""
+"The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in "
+"the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by <_:"
+"command-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+"骨架目录，包含使用 <command>useradd</command> 创建用户时，要复制到用户主目录"
+"中的文件和目录。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:288 useradd.8.xml.out:350
+msgid "--create-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:286
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is only valid if the <option>-m</option> (or <option>--create-"
+#| "home</option>) option is specified."
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid if the <_:option-1/> (or <_:option-2/>) option is "
+"specified."
+msgstr ""
+"这个选项只有在指定 <option>-m</option> (或 <option>--create-home</option>) 选"
+"项时才有效。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:292
+msgid "SKEL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:294
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/skel/"
+msgid "/etc/skel"
+msgstr "/etc/skel/"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:290
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the "
+#| "<option>SKEL</option> variable in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+#| "filename> or, by default, <filename>/etc/skel</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the <_:"
+"option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/> or, by default, <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"如果此项没有设置，骨架目录使用 <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> 中"
+"的 <option>SKEL</option> 的变量或默认为 <filename>/etc/skel</filename>。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:296
+msgid "If possible, the ACLs and extended attributes are copied."
+msgstr "如果可以，也复制 ACL 和扩展属性。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:309
+msgid "UMASK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:306
+msgid ""
+"Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (<_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:"
+"option-4/>, <_:option-5/> and others)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:312
+msgid ""
+"Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> can be used "
+"when creating an account to turn off password aging. Multiple <_:option-4/> "
+"options can be specified, e.g.: <_:option-5/> <_:replaceable-6/> =<_:"
+"replaceable-7/> <_:option-8/> <_:replaceable-9/>=<_:replaceable-10/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:330
+msgid "--no-log-init"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:332
+msgid "Do not add the user to the lastlog and faillog databases."
+msgstr "不要将用户添加到最近登录和登录失败数据库。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:335
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are "
+#| "resetted to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user."
+msgid ""
+"By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are "
+"reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user."
+msgstr ""
+"默认上，最近登录和登录失败中用户的条目会被重置，以避免重新使用先前删除的用户"
+"的条目。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:342
+msgid "LOG_INIT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:340
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will also consult the "
+"variable <_:option-2/> in the <_:filename-3/> if set to no the user will not "
+"be added to the lastlog and faillog databases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:353
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and "
+#| "directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined "
+#| "with the <option>-k</option> option) will be copied to the home directory."
+msgid ""
+"Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and "
+"directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with "
+"the <_:option-1/> option) will be copied to the home directory."
+msgstr ""
+"如果不存在，则创建用户主目录。骨架目录中的文件和目录(可以使用 <option>-k</"
+"option> 选项指定)，将会复制到主目录。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:361 useradd.8.xml.out:379 useradd.8.xml.out:475
+msgid "CREATE_HOME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:359
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By default, if this option is not specified and <option>CREATE_HOME</"
+#| "option> is not enabled, no home directories are created."
+msgid ""
+"By default, if this option is not specified and <_:option-1/> is not "
+"enabled, no home directories are created."
+msgstr ""
+"默认上，如果没有指定此选项并且 <option>CREATE_HOME</option> 没有启用，不会创"
+"建主目录。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:364
+msgid ""
+"The directory where the user's home directory is created must exist and have "
+"proper SELinux context and permissions. Otherwise the user's home directory "
+"cannot be created or accessed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:373
+msgid "--no-create-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:376
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Do no create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting "
+#| "from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>) "
+#| "is set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Do not create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting "
+"from <_:filename-1/> (<_:option-2/>) is set to <_:replaceable-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"不创建用户主目录，即使系统在 <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 中的设置 "
+"(<option>CREATE_HOME</option>) 为 <replaceable>yes</replaceable>。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:386
+msgid "--no-user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:389
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to "
+#| "the group specified by the <option>-g</option> option or by the "
+#| "<option>GROUP</option> variable in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+#| "filename>."
+msgid ""
+"Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to "
+"the group specified by the <_:option-1/> option or by the <_:option-2/> "
+"variable in <_:filename-3/>."
+msgstr ""
+"不要创建同名组，而是将用户添加到 <option>-g</option> 选项指定的组，或根据 "
+"<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> 中的 <option>GROUP</option> 变量。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:408
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Allow the creation of a user account with a duplicate (non-unique) UID."
+msgid "allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID."
+msgstr "允许使用重复的 UID 创建用户账户。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:412 usermod.8.xml.out:277
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> option. As a "
+"user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and "
+"permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system's "
+"behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account "
+"of the given UID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:428
+msgid ""
+"defines an initial password for the account. PASSWORD is expected to be "
+"encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>. Within a shell script, this "
+"option allows to create efficiently batches of users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:435
+msgid ""
+"Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password "
+"defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of <_:"
+"filename-1/>. This is a state where the user won't be able to access the "
+"account or to define a password himself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:443
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis role=\"bold\">Note:</emphasis> This option is not recommended "
+#| "because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users "
+#| "listing the processes."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/>Avoid this option on the command line because the password "
+"(or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">注意：</emphasis>不推荐使用这个选项，因为密码(或加密"
+"过的密码)会被用户通过列出这个过程而看到。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:471
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that <command>useradd</command> will not create a home directory for "
+#| "such an user, regardless of the default setting in <filename>/etc/login."
+#| "defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>). You have to specify the "
+#| "<option>-m</option> options if you want a home directory for a system "
+#| "account to be created."
+msgid ""
+"Note that <_:command-1/> will not create a home directory for such a user, "
+"regardless of the default setting in <_:filename-2/> (<_:option-3/>). You "
+"have to specify the <_:option-4/> options if you want a home directory for a "
+"system account to be created."
+msgstr ""
+"注意：<command>useradd</command> 不会为这种用户创建主目录，无论 <filename>/"
+"etc/login.defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>) 中是的默认设置是怎"
+"样。如果想为要创建的系统账户创建主目录，需要指定 <option>-m</option> 选项。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:479
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note that <command>useradd</command> will not create a home directory for "
+#| "such an user, regardless of the default setting in <filename>/etc/login."
+#| "defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>). You have to specify the "
+#| "<option>-m</option> options if you want a home directory for a system "
+#| "account to be created."
+msgid ""
+"Note that this option will not update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>. "
+"You have to specify the <_:option-3/> options if you want to update the "
+"files for a system account to be created."
+msgstr ""
+"注意：<command>useradd</command> 不会为这种用户创建主目录，无论 <filename>/"
+"etc/login.defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>) 中是的默认设置是怎"
+"样。如果想为要创建的系统账户创建主目录，需要指定 <option>-m</option> 选项。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:520
+msgid ""
+"sets the path to the user's login shell. Without this option, the system "
+"will use the <_:option-1/> variable specified in <_:filename-2/>, or, if "
+"that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in <_:filename-3/> "
+"remains empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+msgid "--uid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:531 usermod.8.xml.out:369
+msgid "UID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:534
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless "
+#| "the <option>-o</option> option is used. The value must be non-negative. "
+#| "The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to "
+#| "<option>UID_MIN</option> and greater than every other user."
+msgid ""
+"The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless the "
+"<_:option-1/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The default is "
+"to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-2/> and "
+"greater than every other user."
+msgstr ""
+"用户 ID 的数字值。此值必须为唯一的，除非使用了 <option>-o</option> 选项。此值"
+"必须非负，默认使用大于等于 <option>UID_MIN</option>，且大于任何其他用户 ID 最"
+"小值。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:549
+msgid "--user-group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:552
+msgid ""
+"Create a group with the same name as the user, and add the user to this "
+"group."
+msgstr "创建一个和用户同名的组，并将用户添加到组中。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 userdel.8.xml.out:153 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-Z"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 userdel.8.xml.out:153 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "--selinux-user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:566 usermod.8.xml.out:501
+msgid "SEUSER"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:573
+msgid "semanage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:569
+msgid ""
+"defines the SELinux user for the new account. Without this option, a SELinux "
+"uses the default user. Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-"
+"user, it uses <_:citerefentry-1/> for that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/title
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:581
+msgid "Changing the default values"
+msgstr "更改默认值"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect2/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:582
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When invoked with only the <option>-D</option> option, <command>useradd</"
+#| "command> will display the current default values. When invoked with "
+#| "<option>-D</option> plus other options, <command>useradd</command> will "
+#| "update the default values for the specified options. Valid default-"
+#| "changing options are:"
+msgid ""
+"When invoked with only the <_:option-1/> option, <_:command-2/> will display "
+"the current default values. When invoked with <_:option-3/> plus other "
+"options, <_:command-4/> will update the default values for the specified "
+"options. Valid default-changing options are:"
+msgstr ""
+"只带 <option>-D</option> 选项使用时，<command>useradd</command> 将显示当前的"
+"默认值。<option>-D</option> 和其它选项配合使用时，<command>useradd</command> "
+"将为指定的选项更新默认值。有效的“更改默认值”选项有："
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:595
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will be "
+#| "affixed to the end of <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> to form the new "
+#| "user's home directory name, if the <option>-d</option> option is not used "
+#| "when creating a new account."
+msgid ""
+"sets the path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will "
+"be affixed to the end of <_:replaceable-1/> to form the new user's home "
+"directory name, if the <_:option-2/> option is not used when creating a new "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"新用户主目录的路径前缀。如果创建新账户时，没有使用 <option>-d</option> 选项，"
+"用户的名称将会缀在 <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> 的后边形成新用户的主目"
+"录名。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:602 useradd.8.xml.out:614 useradd.8.xml.out:631
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:647 useradd.8.xml.out:661
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option sets the <option>HOME</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#| "default/useradd</filename>."
+msgid "This option sets the <_:option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"这个选择在 <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> 中设置 <option>HOME</"
+"option> 选项。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:613
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The date on which the user account is disabled."
+msgid "sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled."
+msgstr "禁用此用户账户的日期。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:625
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where "
+"the user is expected to replace this password. See <_:citerefentry-1/>for "
+"more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:642
+msgid ""
+"sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group "
+"names or a numerical group ID. The named group must exist, and the GID must "
+"have an existing entry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:658
+msgid "defines the default login shell for new users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:673
+msgid "NOTES"
+msgstr "注意："
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:675 useradd.8.xml.out:779
+msgid "/etc/skel/"
+msgstr "/etc/skel/"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:674
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user "
+#| "files in the <filename>/etc/skel/</filename> directory (or any other "
+#| "skeleton directory specified in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> "
+#| "or on the command line)."
+msgid ""
+"The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files "
+"in the <_:filename-1/> directory (or any other skeleton directory specified "
+"in <_:filename-2/> or on the command line)."
+msgstr ""
+"系统管理员负责将默认的用户文件放在 <filename>/etc/skel/</filename> 目录中(或"
+"者命令行上、<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> 中指定的任何其它目录)。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:683
+msgid ""
+"You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
+"corresponding server."
+msgstr "您可能不能想 NIS 组或 LDAP 组添加用户。这只能在相应服务器上进行。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:688
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database "
+#| "such as NIS or LDAP, <command>useradd</command> will deny the user "
+#| "account creation request."
+msgid ""
+"Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such "
+"as NIS or LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the user account creation request."
+msgstr ""
+"相似地，如果用户名已经存在于外部用户数据库中，比如 NIS 或 LDAP，"
+"<command>useradd</command> 将拒绝创建用户账户的请求。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:702
+msgid "ls"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:694
+msgid ""
+"Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, "
+"underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not "
+"allowed at the beginning of the username. Fully numeric usernames and "
+"usernames . or .. are also disallowed. It is not recommended to use "
+"usernames beginning with . character as their home directories will be "
+"hidden in the <_:command-1/> output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:704
+msgid "Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long."
+msgstr "用户名不能超过 32 个字符长。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:769
+msgid "Default values for account creation."
+msgstr "账户创建的默认值。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "/etc/default/useradd"
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-pre.d/*"
+msgstr "/etc/default/useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-post.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:773 userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "<_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775 userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "OPTIONS"
+msgid "ACTION"
+msgstr "选项"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775 userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid "SUBJECT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "useradd"
+msgid "useradd-pre.d"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "useradd"
+msgid "useradd-post.d"
+msgstr "useradd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:775
+msgid ""
+"Run-part files to execute during user addition. The environment variable <_:"
+"command-1/> will be populated with useradd and <_:command-2/> with the <_:"
+"command-3/>. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user addition. <_:"
+"filename-5/> will execute after user addition. If a script exits non-zero "
+"then execution will terminate."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:781
+msgid "Directory containing default files."
+msgstr "包含默认文件的目录。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:819 userdel.8.xml.out:243
+msgid "can't update password file"
+msgstr "无法更新密码文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:837
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "UID already in use (and no <option>-o</option>)"
+msgid "UID already in use (and no <_:option-1/>)"
+msgstr "UID 已经使用 (且没有 <option>-o</option>)"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:849
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "group name already in use"
+msgid "username or group name already in use"
+msgstr "组名已经在使用"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:861
+msgid "can't create home directory"
+msgstr "无法创建主目录"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:865
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "1"
+msgid "14"
+msgstr "1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:867
+msgid "can't update SELinux user mapping"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: useradd.8.xml.out:876 usermod.8.xml.out:603
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:phrase-10/> "
+"<_:citerefentry-11/>, <_:citerefentry-12/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:47
+msgid "delete a user account and related files"
+msgstr "删除用户账户和相关文件"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:61
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>userdel</command> command modifies the system account files, "
+#| "deleting all entries that refer to the user name <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">LOGIN</emphasis>. The named user must exist."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all "
+"entries that refer to the user name <_:emphasis-2/>. The named user must "
+"exist."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>userdel</command> 修改系统账户文件，删除与用户名 <emphasis "
+"remap=\"I\">LOGIN</emphasis> 相关的所以项目。给出的用户名必须存在。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:79
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is "
+#| "still logged in. It also forces <command>userdel</command> to remove the "
+#| "user's home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same "
+#| "home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user. "
+#| "If <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> is defined to <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">yes</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> and if "
+#| "a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group "
+#| "will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user."
+msgid ""
+"This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is "
+"still logged in. It also forces <_:command-1/> to remove the user's home "
+"directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory "
+"or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user. If <_:option-2/> is "
+"defined to <_:emphasis-3/> in <_:filename-4/> and if a group exists with the "
+"same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it "
+"is still the primary group of another user."
+msgstr ""
+"此选项强制删除用户账户，甚至用户仍然在登录状态。它也强制 <command>userdel</"
+"command> 删除用户的主目录和邮箱，即使其它用户也使用同一个主目录或邮箱不属于指"
+"定的用户。如果 <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 中的 "
+"<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> 定义为 <emphasis remap=\"I\">yes</"
+"emphasis>，并且如果有一个和用户同名的组，也会删除此组，即使它仍然是别的用户的"
+"主组。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:92
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis>Note:</emphasis> This option is dangerous and may leave your "
+#| "system in an inconsistent state."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an "
+"inconsistent state."
+msgstr "<emphasis>注意：</emphasis>此选项危险，可能会破坏系统的稳定性。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:106 usermod.8.xml.out:317
+msgid "--remove"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:109
+msgid ""
+"Files in the user's home directory will be removed along with the home "
+"directory itself and the user's mail spool. Files located in other file "
+"systems will have to be searched for and deleted manually."
+msgstr ""
+"用户主目录中的文件将随用户主目录和用户邮箱一起删除。在其它文件系统中的文件必"
+"须手动搜索并删除。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:115
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The mail spool is defined by the <option>MAIL_DIR</option> variable in "
+#| "the <filename>login.defs</filename> file."
+msgid ""
+"The mail spool is defined by the <_:option-1/> variable in the <_:filename-2/"
+"> file."
+msgstr ""
+"邮箱在 <filename>login.defs</filename> 文件中的 <option>MAIL_DIR</option> 变"
+"量中定义。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:156
+msgid "Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user's login."
+msgstr "移除用户登录的所有 SELinux 用户映射。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-pre.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:209
+msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-post.d/*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "userdel"
+msgid "userdel-pre.d"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "userdel"
+msgid "userdel-post.d"
+msgstr "userdel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:211
+msgid ""
+"Run-part files to execute during user deletion. The environment variable <_:"
+"command-1/> will be populated with <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/> with "
+"the username. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user deletion. "
+"<_:filename-5/> will execute after user deletion. If a script exits non-zero "
+"then execution will terminate."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:255
+msgid "specified user doesn't exist"
+msgstr "指定的用户不存在"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:261
+msgid "user currently logged in"
+msgstr "用户已经登录"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:273
+msgid "can't remove home directory"
+msgstr "无法删除主目录"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:282
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>userdel</command> will not allow you to remove an account if "
+#| "there are running processes which belong to this account. In that case, "
+#| "you may have to kill those processes or lock the user's password or "
+#| "account and remove the account later. The <option>-f</option> option can "
+#| "force the deletion of this account."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will not allow you to remove an account if there are running "
+"processes which belong to this account. In that case, you may have to kill "
+"those processes or lock the user's password or account and remove the "
+"account later. The <_:option-2/> option can force the deletion of this "
+"account."
+msgstr ""
+"如果某账户有正在运行的进程，<command>userdel</command> 不会允许此账户。此时，"
+"您可能必须要杀死那写进程或者锁定用户的密码和账户，并稍后再删除账户。<option>-"
+"f</option> 选项可以强制此删除账户。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:289
+msgid ""
+"You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain "
+"owned by this user."
+msgstr "您应该手动检查所以文件系统，以确保没有遗留此用户的文件。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:293
+msgid ""
+"You may not remove any NIS attributes on a NIS client. This must be "
+"performed on the NIS server."
+msgstr "您不能在 NIS 客户端上移除任何 NIS 属性。这必须在 NIS 服务器上执行。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:296
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> is defined to <emphasis "
+#| "remap=\"I\">yes</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, "
+#| "<command>userdel</command> will delete the group with the same name as "
+#| "the user. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, "
+#| "<command>userdel</command> will check that this group is not used as a "
+#| "primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the "
+#| "group otherwise. The <option>-f</option> option can force the deletion of "
+#| "this group."
+msgid ""
+"If <_:option-1/> is defined to <_:emphasis-2/> in <_:filename-3/>, <_:"
+"command-4/> will delete the group with the same name as the user. To avoid "
+"inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, <_:command-5/> will check "
+"that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will "
+"just warn without deleting the group otherwise. The <_:option-6/> option can "
+"force the deletion of this group."
+msgstr ""
+"如果在 <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 中 <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</"
+"option> 设置为 <emphasis remap=\"I\">yes</emphasis>， <command>userdel</"
+"command> 将删除同名组。为了避免损坏 passwd 和 group 数据库，"
+"<command>userdel</command> 将会检查这个主是否被别的用户用作主组，如果有，将只"
+"发出警告并不删除此组。<option>-f</option> 选项可以强制删除此组。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: userdel.8.xml.out:309
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:phrase-9/> <_:citerefentry-10/>, "
+"<_:citerefentry-11/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:48
+msgid "modify a user account"
+msgstr "修改一个用户账户"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:63
+msgid "The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:81
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <option>-G</"
+#| "option> option."
+msgid ""
+"Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:option-1/> "
+"option."
+msgstr "将用户添加到附加组。只能和 <option>-G</option> 选项一起使用。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:102
+msgid ""
+"update the comment field of the user in <_:filename-1/>, which is normally "
+"modified using the <_:citerefentry-2/> utility."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:112 usermod.8.xml.out:260
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "home_ph"
+msgid "--home"
+msgstr "home_ph"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:115
+msgid "The user's new login directory."
+msgstr "用户的新登录目录。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:118
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the <option>-m</option> option is given, the contents of the current "
+#| "home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created "
+#| "if it does not already exist."
+msgid ""
+"If the <_:option-1/> option is given, the contents of the current home "
+"directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it "
+"does not already exist. If the current home directory does not exist the new "
+"home directory will not be created."
+msgstr ""
+"如果给了 <option>-m</option> 选项，当前主目录的内容将会移动到新主目录中，如果"
+"不存在，则创建。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:132
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is "
+#| "specified in the format <emphasis remap=\"I\">YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>."
+msgid ""
+"The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified "
+"in the format <_:emphasis-1/>. Integers as input are interpreted as days "
+"after 1970-01-01."
+msgstr ""
+"用户账户将被禁用的日期。日期以 <emphasis remap=\"I\">YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis> 格"
+"式指定。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:138
+msgid ""
+"An input of -1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in "
+"the shadow password file. The account will remain available with no date "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:143 usermod.8.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option requires a <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file. A "
+#| "<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> entry will be created if there were none."
+msgid ""
+"This option requires a <_:filename-1/> file. A <_:filename-2/> entry will be "
+"created if there were none."
+msgstr ""
+"此选项需要一个 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> 文件。如果没有，将会创建一条 "
+"<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> 项目。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:155
+msgid ""
+"defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age "
+"during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password. "
+"This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the "
+"shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no "
+"delay. An input of -1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password "
+"file. See <_:citerefentry-1/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:177
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The group name or number of the user's new initial login group. The group "
+#| "must exist."
+msgid ""
+"The name or numerical ID of the user's new primary group. The group must "
+"exist."
+msgstr "用户的新初始登录组的组名或数字代号。此组必须存在。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:181
+msgid ""
+"Any file from the user's home directory owned by the previous primary group "
+"of the user will be owned by this new group."
+msgstr "用户主目录中，属于原来的主组的文件将转交新组所有。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:185
+msgid ""
+"The group ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be "
+"fixed manually."
+msgstr "主目录之外的文件所属的组必须手动修改。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/filename
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:193 usermod.8.xml.out:393
+msgid "/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:189
+msgid ""
+"The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user's home "
+"directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the "
+"current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home "
+"directories such as <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:202
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+#| "group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening "
+#| "whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group "
+#| "given with the <option>-g</option> option."
+msgid ""
+"A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
+"group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. "
+"The groups must exist."
+msgstr ""
+"用户还属于的附加组列表。组之间使用逗号分隔，没有空格。这些组需要遵守和 "
+"<option>-g</option> 选项中给的组同样的限制。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:207
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the "
+#| "user will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via "
+#| "the <option>-a</option> option, which appends the user to the current "
+#| "supplementary group list."
+msgid ""
+"If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user "
+"will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the <_:"
+"option-1/> option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group "
+"list."
+msgstr ""
+"如果用户当前是一个组的成员，而这个组没有列在这里，用户将被从那个组里便删除。"
+"这个行为可以通过 <option>-a</option> 选项修改，这使用户追加到给出的附加组列表"
+"中。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:217 usermod.8.xml.out:223
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "LOGIN"
+msgid "NEW_LOGIN"
+msgstr "登录"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:220
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The name of the user will be changed from <replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#| "replaceable> to <replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>. Nothing else is "
+#| "changed. In particular, the user's home directory or mail spool should "
+#| "probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name."
+msgid ""
+"The name of the user will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:"
+"replaceable-2/>. Nothing else is changed. In particular, the user's home "
+"directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the "
+"new login name."
+msgstr ""
+"用户的名称将会从 <replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> 修改为 "
+"<replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>。不会更改别的任何东西。特别是，用户的主"
+"目录名和邮件池也需要手动修改以和新登录名对应。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:231 usermod.8.xml.out:411
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-L"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:234
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted "
+#| "password, effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option "
+#| "with <option>-p</option> or <option>-U</option>."
+msgid ""
+"Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password, "
+"effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with <_:"
+"option-1/> or <_:option-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"锁定用户的密码。这会在用户加密的密码之前放置一个“!”，可以快速禁用密码。您可以"
+"和 <option>-p</option> 或 <option>-U</option> 配合使用此选项。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:240
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), "
+#| "you should also set the <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> to "
+#| "<replaceable>1</replaceable>."
+msgid ""
+"Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you "
+"should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:replaceable-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"注意：如果希望锁定账户(不仅仅是通过密码访问)，您也需要设置 "
+"<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> 为 <replaceable>1</replaceable>。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:250
+msgid "--move-home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:253
+msgid ""
+"moves the content of the user's home directory to the new location. If the "
+"current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be "
+"created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:258
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-u</option> "
+#| "option."
+msgid ""
+"This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> (or <_:"
+"option-2/>) option."
+msgstr "此选项只有和 <option>-u</option> 选项组合使用才有效。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:262
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<command>usermod</command> will try to adapt the ownership of the files "
+#| "and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes "
+#| "might be needed afterwards."
+msgid ""
+"<_:command-1/> will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the "
+"modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed "
+"afterwards."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>usermod</command> 会改写文件的属主并复制模式、ACL 和扩展属性，但是稍"
+"后也可能需要手动修改。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:274
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When used with the <option>-u</option> option, this option allows to "
+#| "change the user ID to a non-unique value."
+msgid "allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value."
+msgstr "使用 <option>-u</option> 选项时，可以将用户 ID 改为非唯一的值。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:293
+msgid ""
+"defines a new password for the user. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, "
+"as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:298
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<emphasis role=\"bold\">Note:</emphasis> This option is not recommended "
+#| "because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users "
+#| "listing the processes."
+msgid ""
+"<_:emphasis-1/> Avoid this option on the command line because the password "
+"(or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">注意：</emphasis>不推荐使用这个选项，因为密码(或加密"
+"过的密码)会被用户通过列出这个过程而看到。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:303
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The password will be written in the local <filename>/etc/passwd</"
+#| "filename> or <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file. This might differ "
+#| "from the password database configured in your PAM configuration."
+msgid ""
+"The password will be written in the local <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/> "
+"file. This might differ from the password database configured in your PAM "
+"configuration."
+msgstr ""
+"密码将会写到本地的 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> 或 <filename>/etc/"
+"shadow</filename> 文件。这可能会与您的机器有所不同，这根据 PAM 配置中的密码数"
+"据库配置而定。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:320
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <option>-G</"
+#| "option> option."
+msgid ""
+"Remove the user from named supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:"
+"option-1/> option."
+msgstr "将用户添加到附加组。只能和 <option>-G</option> 选项一起使用。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:344
+msgid ""
+"Apply changes within the directory tree starting with <_:replaceable-1/> and "
+"use as well the configuration files located there. This option does not "
+"chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some "
+"limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication "
+"is using the host files. No SELINUX support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:360
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank "
+#| "causes the system to select the default login shell."
+msgid ""
+"changes the user's login shell. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field "
+"in <_:filename-1/> and logs the user into the system's default shell."
+msgstr ""
+"用户的新登录 shell 的名称。将此字段设置为空会让系统选择默认的登录 shell。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:372
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The new numerical value of the user's ID."
+msgid "The new value of the user's ID."
+msgstr "用户 ID 的新数值。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:375
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This value must be unique, unless the <option>-o</option> option is used. "
+#| "The value must be non-negative."
+msgid ""
+"This value must be unique, unless the <_:option-1/> option is used. The "
+"value must be non-negative."
+msgstr ""
+"这个值必须是唯一的，除非使用了 <option>-o</option> 选项，必须是非负值。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:380
+msgid ""
+"The user's mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are located "
+"in the user's home directory will have the file user ID changed "
+"automatically."
+msgstr "用户的邮箱，用户主目录中属于此用户的文件的属主 ID 也将自动更改。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:385
+msgid ""
+"The ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be fixed "
+"manually."
+msgstr "用户主目录之外文件所有权必须手动修复。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:389
+msgid ""
+"The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user's home "
+"directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the "
+"current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home "
+"directories such as <_:filename-1/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:408
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted "
+#| "password. You can't use this option with <option>-p</option> or <option>-"
+#| "L</option>."
+msgid ""
+"Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted "
+"password. You can't use this option with <_:option-1/> or <_:option-2/>."
+msgstr ""
+"解锁用户的密码。这将移除加密的密码之前的“!”。您可以将此选项和 <option>-p</"
+"option> 或 <option>-L</option> 配合使用。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:417
+msgid "99999"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:413
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a "
+#| "password), you should also set the <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> "
+#| "(for example to <replaceable>99999</replaceable>, or to the "
+#| "<option>EXPIRE</option> value from <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
+#| "filename>)."
+msgid ""
+"Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), "
+"you should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> (for example to <_:replaceable-2/"
+">, or to the <_:option-3/> value from <_:filename-4/>)."
+msgstr ""
+"注意：如果您希望解锁账户(不只是使用密码访问)，您也应该设置 "
+"<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> (例如设置为 <replaceable>99999</"
+"replaceable>，或者 <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> 中的 "
+"<option>EXPIRE</option> 值)。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-v"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "--add-subuids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "FIRST"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/replaceable
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:425 usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:463
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481
+msgid "LAST"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:424 usermod.8.xml.out:442 usermod.8.xml.out:462
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:480
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+#| "replaceable>"
+msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>-<_:replaceable-4/>"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</"
+"replaceable>"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:428
+msgid "Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:431 usermod.8.xml.out:469
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:436 usermod.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "SUB_UID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:436 usermod.8.xml.out:456
+msgid "SUB_UID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:437 usermod.8.xml.out:457
+msgid "SUB_UID_COUNT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:434 usermod.8.xml.out:454 usermod.8.xml.out:472
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:492
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "No checks will be performed with regard to the <option>UID_MIN</option>, "
+#| "<option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>, or "
+#| "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+msgid ""
+"No checks will be performed with regard to <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or "
+"<_:option-3/> from /etc/login.defs."
+msgstr ""
+"不会对 <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 中的 <option>UID_MIN</option>, "
+"<option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> 和 "
+"<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> 进行检查。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "-"
+msgid "-V"
+msgstr "-"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:443 usermod.8.xml.out:451
+msgid "--del-subuids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:446
+msgid "Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:449
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the "
+"removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid "
+"range is added."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:463 usermod.8.xml.out:489
+msgid "--add-subgids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:466
+msgid "Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:474 usermod.8.xml.out:494
+msgid "SUB_GID_MIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:474 usermod.8.xml.out:494
+msgid "SUB_GID_MAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:475 usermod.8.xml.out:495
+msgid "SUB_GID_COUNT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:481 usermod.8.xml.out:489
+msgid "--del-subgids"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:484
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user's login."
+msgid "Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account."
+msgstr "移除用户登录的所有 SELinux 用户映射。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:487
+msgid ""
+"This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a "
+"user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the "
+"removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid "
+"range is added."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:504
+msgid ""
+"defines the SELinux user to be mapped with <_:replaceable-1/>. An empty "
+"string (\"\") will remove the respective entry (if any). Note that the "
+"shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses semanage(8) for that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:518
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes "
+#| "when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the "
+#| "user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. "
+#| "<command>usermod</command> checks this on Linux, but only check if the "
+#| "user is logged in according to utmp on other architectures."
+msgid ""
+"You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes "
+"when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the "
+"user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. <_:command-1/> "
+"checks this on Linux. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check "
+"if the user is logged in."
+msgstr ""
+"如果要更改用户的数字 ID、用户名或主目录，需要确保允许命令时，用户没有执行任何"
+"进程。<command>usermod</command> 会在 Linux 上进行检查；但是在其它平台上，仅"
+"仅根据 utmp 检查用户是否已经登录。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:527
+msgid "crontab"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:528
+msgid "at"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:526
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You must change the owner of any <command>crontab</command> files or "
+#| "<command>at</command> jobs manually."
+msgid ""
+"You must change the owner of any <_:command-1/> files or <_:command-2/> jobs "
+"manually."
+msgstr ""
+"您必须手动更改 <command>crontab</command> 文件或 <command>at</command> 作业的"
+"属主。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:530
+msgid "You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS server."
+msgstr "您必须更改 NIS 服务器上的 NIS 相关内容。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:559
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Group account information."
+msgid "Group account information"
+msgstr "组账户信息。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:565
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Secure group account information."
+msgid "Secure group account informatio."
+msgstr "安全组账户信息。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:571
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Shadow password suite configuration."
+msgid "Shadow password suite configuration"
+msgstr "Shadow 密码套件配置。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:577
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "User account information."
+msgid "User account information"
+msgstr "用户账户信息。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:583
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Secure user account information."
+msgid "Secure user account information"
+msgstr "安全用户账户信息。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:589
+msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: usermod.8.xml.out:595
+msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname
+#. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command
+#. (itstool) path: para/command
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:43 vipw.8.xml.out:57 vipw.8.xml.out:67 vipw.8.xml.out:86
+msgid "vigr"
+msgstr "vigr"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:44
+msgid "edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file"
+msgstr "编辑密码、组、影子密码或影子组文件。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:75
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "VISUAL"
+msgid "$VISUAL"
+msgstr "VISUAL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: para/envar
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:76
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "EDITOR"
+msgid "$EDITOR"
+msgstr "EDITOR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:77 vipw.8.xml.out:205
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "vipw"
+msgid "vi"
+msgstr "vipw"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:66
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</command> commands edits "
+#| "the files <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</"
+#| "filename>, respectively. With the <option>-s</option> flag, they will "
+#| "edit the shadow versions of those files, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> "
+#| "and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, respectively. The programs will "
+#| "set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption. When looking for an "
+#| "editor, the programs will first try the environment variable "
+#| "<envar>$VISUAL</envar>, then the environment variable <envar>$EDITOR</"
+#| "envar>, and finally the default editor, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</"
+#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+msgid ""
+"The <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands edits the files <_:filename-3/"
+"> and <_:filename-4/>, respectively. With the <_:option-5/> flag, they will "
+"edit the shadow versions of those files, <_:filename-6/> and <_:filename-7/"
+">, respectively. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file "
+"corruption. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the "
+"environment variable <_:envar-8/>, then the environment variable <_:envar-9/"
+">, and finally the default editor, <_:citerefentry-10/>."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>vipw</command> 和 <command>vigr</command> 命令分别编辑 <filename>/"
+"etc/passwd</filename> 和 <filename>/etc/group</filename> 文件。使用 <option>-"
+"s</option> 标识时，将编辑这些文件的影子版，即分别为 <filename>/etc/shadow</"
+"filename> 和 <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>。这些程序将设置相应的锁，以防"
+"止文件损坏。寻找编辑器时，首先尝试环境变量 <envar>$VISUAL</envar>，然后是环境"
+"变量 <envar>$EDITOR</envar>，最后是默认编辑器 "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+"citerefentry>。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:84
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The options which apply to the <command>passwd</command> command are:"
+msgid ""
+"The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands "
+"are:"
+msgstr "<command>passwd</command> 命令可以接受的选项有："
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:92
+msgid "Edit group database."
+msgstr "编辑 group 数据库。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:102
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "passwd"
+msgid "--passwd"
+msgstr "passwd"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:104
+msgid "Edit passwd database."
+msgstr "编辑 passwd 数据库。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:127
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "shadow"
+msgid "--shadow"
+msgstr "shadow"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:129
+msgid "Edit shadow or gshadow database."
+msgstr "编辑 shadow 或 gshadow 数据库。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:135
+msgid "Indicates which user's tcb shadow file to edit."
+msgstr "指定要编辑哪个用户的 tcb 影子文件。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/title
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:154
+msgid "ENVIRONMENT"
+msgstr "环境变量"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#. (itstool) path: para/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:157 vipw.8.xml.out:165
+msgid "VISUAL"
+msgstr "VISUAL"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:159
+msgid "Editor to be used."
+msgstr "要使用的编辑器。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: term/option
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:163
+msgid "EDITOR"
+msgstr "EDITOR"
+
+#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:165
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Editor to be used if <option>VISUAL</option> is not set."
+msgid "Editor to be used if <_:option-1/> is not set."
+msgstr "<option>VISUAL</option> 没有设置的情况下，使用的编辑器。"
+
+#. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:220
+msgid "tcb"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. (itstool) path: refsect1/para
+#: vipw.8.xml.out:203
+msgid ""
+"<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/> <_:"
+"citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:"
+"citerefentry-7/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>USE_TCB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>USE_TCB</option> (boolean)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> password shadowing "
+#~ "scheme will be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果 <replaceable>yes</replaceable>，将会使用 "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry> 影子密码方案。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\"><refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>usermod</command> command modifies the system account files "
+#~ "to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>usermod</command> 修改系统账户文件和在命令行上指定的相关更改。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>usermod</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "<command>usermod</command> 可以接受的选项有："
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMENT</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMENT</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally "
+#~ "modified using the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utility."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "用户密码文件中注释字段的新值。通常使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 工具对其进行修改。"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~| "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "An empty <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> argument will disable the "
+#~ "expiration of the account."
+#~ msgstr "空 <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> 参数将禁用账户过期。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days after a password expires until the account is "
+#~ "permanently disabled."
+#~ msgstr "密码过期之后，账户被彻底禁用之前的天数。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the password has expired, "
+#~ "and a value of -1 disables the feature."
+#~ msgstr "0 表示密码过期时，立即禁用账户；-1 表示不使用这个功能。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP1</"
+#~ "replaceable>[<emphasis remap=\"I\">,GROUP2,...</emphasis>[<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">,GROUPN</emphasis>]]]"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP1</"
+#~ "replaceable>[<emphasis remap=\"I\">,GROUP2,...</emphasis>[<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">,GROUPN</emphasis>]]]"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--move-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--move-home</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "Move the content of the user's home directory to the new location."
+#~ msgstr "将用户的主目录移动到新位置。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-d</option> (or "
+#~ "<option>--home</option>) option."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "这个选项只有和 <option>-d</option> (或 <option>--home</option>) 选项组合使"
+#~ "用时才有效。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>PASSWORD</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>PASSWORD</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The encrypted password, as returned by "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "已经加密过的密码，就像 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> 返回的那样。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-v</option>, <option>--add-subuids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-V</option>, <option>--del-subuids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--add-subgids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The default behavior (if the <option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option>, "
+#~| "and <option>-U</option> options are not specified) is defined by the "
+#~| "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~| "filename>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "No checks will be performed with regard to <option>SUB_GID_MIN</option>, "
+#~ "<option>SUB_GID_MAX</option>, or <option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> from /etc/"
+#~ "login.defs."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果没有指定 <option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option> 和 <option>-U</"
+#~ "option> 选项，默认行为由 <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 中的 "
+#~ "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> 变量指定。"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--del-subgids</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "The new SELinux user for the user's login."
+#~ msgstr "用户登录的 SELinux 用户。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "A blank <replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable> will remove the SELinux user "
+#~ "mapping for user <replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> (if any)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "空的 <replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable> 将移除用户 <replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable> 的 SELinux 用户映射(如果有)。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_DIR</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAIL_DIR</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The mail spool directory. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when "
+#~ "its corresponding user account is modified or deleted. If not specified, "
+#~ "a compile-time default is used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "邮箱目录。修改或删除用户账户时需要处理邮箱，如果没有指定，将使用编译时指定"
+#~ "的默认值。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their "
+#~ "home directory."
+#~ msgstr "定义用户邮箱文件的位置(相对于主目录)。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <option>MAIL_DIR</option> and <option>MAIL_FILE</option> variables "
+#~ "are used by <command>useradd</command>, <command>usermod</command>, and "
+#~ "<command>userdel</command> to create, move, or delete the user's mail "
+#~ "spool."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>MAIL_DIR</option> and <option>MAIL_FILE</option> 变量由 "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command>，<command>usermod</command> 和 "
+#~ "<command>userdel</command> 用于创建、移动或删除用户邮箱。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> is set to <replaceable>yes</"
+#~ "replaceable>, they are also used to define the <envar>MAIL</envar> "
+#~ "environment variable."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果 <option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> 设置为 <replaceable>yes</"
+#~ "replaceable>，它们也被用于定义 <envar>MAIL</envar> 环境变量。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group "
+#~ "entry (line) is started in <filename>/etc/group</filename> (with the same "
+#~ "name, same password, and same GID)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "每个组条目的最大成员数。达到最大值时，在 <filename>/etc/group</filename> "
+#~ "开始一个新条目(行)(使用同样的名称，同样的密码，同样的 GID)。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of "
+#~ "members in a group."
+#~ msgstr "默认值是 0，意味着组中的成员数没有限制。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the "
+#~ "group file. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not "
+#~ "larger than 1024 characters."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "此功能(分割组)允许限制组文件中的行长度。这对于确保 NIS 组的行比长于 1024 "
+#~ "字符。"
+
+#~ msgid "If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25."
+#~ msgstr "如果要强制这个限制，可以使用 25。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow "
+#~ "toolsuite). You should not use this variable unless you really need it."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "注意：分割组可能不受所有工具的支持(甚至在 Shadow 工具集中)。您不应该使用这"
+#~ "个变量，除非真的需要。"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The default value for <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (resp. "
+#~| "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option>) is 101 (resp. <option>GID_MIN</option>-1)."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default values for <option>SUB_GID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_GID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>, <option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> are respectively 100000, "
+#~ "600100000 and 10000."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> 和 <option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> 的默认值分别"
+#~ "是 101 和 <option>GID_MIN</option>-1。"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgid "<option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The default value for <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (resp. "
+#~| "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>) is 101 (resp. <option>UID_MIN</option>-1)."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default values for <option>SUB_UID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_UID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>, <option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> are respectively 100000, "
+#~ "600100000 and 10000."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> 和 <option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> 的默认值分别"
+#~ "是 101 和 <option>UID_MIN</option>-1。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>TCB_SYMLINKS</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TCB_SYMLINKS</option> (boolean)"
+
+#, no-wrap
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "if ( UID is less than 1000) {\n"
+#~ "  use /etc/tcb/user\n"
+#~ "} else if ( UID is less than 1000000) {\n"
+#~ "  kilos = UID / 1000\n"
+#~ "  use /etc/tcb/:kilos/user\n"
+#~ "  make symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory\n"
+#~ "} else {\n"
+#~ "  megas = UID / 1000000\n"
+#~ "  kilos = ( UID / megas * 1000000 ) / 1000\n"
+#~ "  use /etc/tcb/:megas/:kilos/user\n"
+#~ "  make symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory\n"
+#~ "}\n"
+#~ "      "
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "if ( UID is less than 1000) {\n"
+#~ "  use /etc/tcb/user\n"
+#~ "} else if ( UID is less than 1000000) {\n"
+#~ "  kilos = UID / 1000\n"
+#~ "  use /etc/tcb/:kilos/user\n"
+#~ "  make symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory\n"
+#~ "} else {\n"
+#~ "  megas = UID / 1000000\n"
+#~ "  kilos = ( UID / megas * 1000000 ) / 1000\n"
+#~ "  use /etc/tcb/:megas/:kilos/user\n"
+#~ "  make symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory\n"
+#~ "}\n"
+#~ "      "
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the location of the user tcb directory "
+#~ "to be created will not be automatically set to /etc/tcb/user, but will be "
+#~ "computed depending on the UID of the user, according to the following "
+#~ "algorithm: <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果是 <replaceable>yes</replaceable>，要创建用户 tcb 目录不会自动设置为 /"
+#~ "etc/tcb/user，但是会根据用户的 UID 计算，根据的算法如下：<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>userdel</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "<command>userdel</command> 可以使用的选项有："
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>USERDEL_CMD</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>USERDEL_CMD</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, this command is run when removing a user. It should remove "
+#~ "any at/cron/print jobs etc. owned by the user to be removed (passed as "
+#~ "the first argument)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果定义了，这是删除账户时执行的命令。它应该移除所有属于此用户的的 at/"
+#~ "cron/print 等作业(作为第一个参数传递)。"
+
+#~ msgid "The return code of the script is not taken into account."
+#~ msgstr "这个脚本的返回值并不被带到账户中去。"
+
+#, no-wrap
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "#! /bin/sh\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Check for the required argument.\n"
+#~ "if [ $# != 1 ]; then\n"
+#~ "\techo \"Usage: $0 username\"\n"
+#~ "\texit 1\n"
+#~ "fi\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Remove cron jobs.\n"
+#~ "crontab -r -u $1\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Remove at jobs.\n"
+#~ "# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID,\n"
+#~ "# even if it was shared by a different username.\n"
+#~ "AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs\n"
+#~ "find $AT_SPOOL_DIR -name \"[^.]*\" -type f -user $1 -delete \\;\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# Remove print jobs.\n"
+#~ "lprm $1\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# All done.\n"
+#~ "exit 0\n"
+#~ "      "
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "#! /bin/sh\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# 检查需要的参数\n"
+#~ "if [ $# != 1 ]; then\n"
+#~ "\techo \"Usage: $0 username\"\n"
+#~ "\texit 1\n"
+#~ "fi\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# 移除 cron 作业\n"
+#~ "crontab -r -u $1\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# 移除 at 作业\n"
+#~ "# 注意这将移除所有属于同一个 UID 的作业\n"
+#~ "# 即使此 ID 由多个用户名共享\n"
+#~ "AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs\n"
+#~ "find $AT_SPOOL_DIR -name \"[^.]*\" -type f -user $1 -delete \\;\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# 移除 print 作业\n"
+#~ "lprm $1\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "# 全部完成\n"
+#~ "exit 0\n"
+#~ "      "
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Here is an example script, which removes the user's cron, at and print "
+#~ "jobs: <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "这是一个示例脚本，它移除用户的 cron、at 和 print 作业：<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits "
+#~ "(examples: 022 -&gt; 002, 077 -&gt; 007) for non-root users, if the uid "
+#~ "is the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果 uid 和 gid 相同，用户名和主用户名也相同，使非 root 组的组掩码位和属主"
+#~ "位相同 (如：022 -&gt; 002, 077 -&gt; 007)。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, <command>userdel</command> will "
+#~ "remove the user's group if it contains no more members, and "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> will create by default a group with the name "
+#~ "of the user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果设置为 <replaceable>yes</replaceable>，如果组中没有成员了，"
+#~ "<command>userdel</command> 将移除此用户组，<command>useradd</command> 创建"
+#~ "用户时，也会创建一个同名的默认组。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>userdel</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "<command>userdel</command> 命令使用如下值退出：<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>useradd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "<command>useradd</command> 可以使用的选项有："
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--base-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--base-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-D</option>, <option>--defaults</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-D</option>, <option>--defaults</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days after a password expires until the account is "
+#~ "permanently disabled. A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the "
+#~ "password has expired, and a value of -1 disables the feature."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "密码过期后，账户被彻底禁用之前的天数。0 表示立即禁用，-1 表示禁用这个功"
+#~ "能。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-k</option>, <option>--skel</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SKEL_DIR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-k</option>, <option>--skel</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SKEL_DIR</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults "
+#~| "(<option>UID_MIN</option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>UMASK</"
+#~| "option>, <option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> and others). <placeholder-1/> "
+#~| "Example: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PASS_MAX_DAYS</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>-1</replaceable> can be used when creating "
+#~| "system account to turn off password ageing, even though system account "
+#~| "has no password at all. Multiple <option>-K</option> options can be "
+#~| "specified, e.g.: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</"
+#~| "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</"
+#~| "option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</"
+#~| "replaceable>"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults (<option>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>UMASK</option>, "
+#~ "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> and others). <placeholder-1/> Example: "
+#~ "<option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PASS_MAX_DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>-1</replaceable> can be used when creating "
+#~ "system account to turn off password aging, even though system account has "
+#~ "no password at all. Multiple <option>-K</option> options can be "
+#~ "specified, e.g.: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>UID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "默认覆盖 <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> (<option>UID_MIN</option>, "
+#~ "<option>UID_MAX</option>, <option>UMASK</option>, <option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</"
+#~ "option> 及其它)。<placeholder-1/> 例如：<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>PASS_MAX_DAYS</replaceable>=<replaceable>-1</replaceable> 可"
+#~ "以用于创建一个密码不会过期的系统账户，即使系统账户没有密码。可以指定多个 "
+#~ "<option>-K</option> 选项，如：<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>UID_MIN</replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MAX</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--no-log-init</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--no-log-init</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-M</option>, <option>--no-create-home</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-N</option>, <option>--no-user-group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-N</option>, <option>--no-user-group</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The encrypted password, as returned by "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>. The default is to disable the password."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "加密了的密码，就像 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> 的返回值。默认为禁用"
+#~ "密码。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--system</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--system</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The name of the user's login shell. The default is to leave this field "
+#~ "blank, which causes the system to select the default login shell "
+#~ "specified by the <option>SHELL</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>, or an empty string by default."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "用户的登录 shell 名。默认为留空，让系统根据 <filename>/etc/default/"
+#~ "useradd</filename> 中的 <option>SHELL</option> 变量选择默认的登录 shell，"
+#~ "默认为空字符串。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-U</option>, <option>--user-group</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-U</option>, <option>--user-group</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The SELinux user for the user's login. The default is to leave this field "
+#~ "blank, which causes the system to select the default SELinux user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "用户登录的 SELinux 用户。默认为留空，这会造成系统选择默认的 SELinux 用户。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option sets the <option>EXPIRE</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "此选项在 <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> 中设置 <option>EXPIRE</"
+#~ "option> 变量。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days after a password has expired before the account will "
+#~ "be disabled."
+#~ msgstr "密码过期到账户被禁用之前的天数。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option sets the <option>INACTIVE</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "这个选项在 <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> 中设置 "
+#~ "<option>INACTIVE</option> 变量。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The group name or ID for a new user's initial group (when the <option>-"
+#~ "N/--no-user-group</option> is used or when the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</"
+#~ "option> variable is set to <replaceable>no</replaceable> in <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/login.defs</filename>). The named group must exist, and a numerical "
+#~ "group ID must have an existing entry."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "新用户初始组的组名或 ID (使用了 <option>-N/--no-user-group</option> 或者 "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 中的变量 <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</"
+#~ "option> 设置为 <replaceable>no</replaceable> 时)。给出的组必须存在，并且数"
+#~ "字组 ID 必须有一个已经存在的项。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option sets the <option>GROUP</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "这个选项在 <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> 中设置 "
+#~ "<option>GROUP</option> 变量。"
+
+#~ msgid "The name of a new user's login shell."
+#~ msgstr "新用户的登录 shell 名。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This option sets the <option>SHELL</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "default/useradd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "这个选项在 <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> 设置 <option>SHELL</"
+#~ "option> 变量。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Usernames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed "
+#~ "by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with "
+#~ "a dollar sign. In regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "用户名必须以一个小写字母或下划线开始，跟随小写字符、数字、下划线或连字符的"
+#~ "组合。可以以美元符号结束。用正则表达式表示就是：[a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>CREATE_HOME</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CREATE_HOME</option> (boolean)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Indicate if a home directory should be created by default for new users."
+#~ msgstr "指示是否应该为新用户默认创建主目录。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This setting does not apply to system users, and can be overridden on the "
+#~ "command line."
+#~ msgstr "此设置并不应用到系统用户，并且可以使用命令行覆盖。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command>, <command>groupadd</command>, or "
+#~ "<command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>useradd</command>，<command>groupadd</command> 或 "
+#~ "<command>newusers</command> 创建的常规组的组 ID 的范围。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>GID_MIN</option> (resp. <option>GID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>) is 1000 (resp. 60000)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>GID_MIN</option> 和 <option>GID_MAX</option> 的默认值分别是 1000 "
+#~ "和 60000。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The maximum number of days a password may be used. If the password is "
+#~ "older than this, a password change will be forced. If not specified, -1 "
+#~ "will be assumed (which disables the restriction)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "一个密码可以使用的最大天数。如果密码比这旧，将会强迫更改密码。如果不指定，"
+#~ "就假定为 -1，这会禁用这个限制。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The minimum number of days allowed between password changes. Any password "
+#~ "changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected. If not specified, -1 "
+#~ "will be assumed (which disables the restriction)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "两次更改密码时间的最小间隔。将会拒绝任何早于此的更改密码的尝试。如果不指"
+#~ "定，假定为 -1，将会禁用这个限制。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The number of days warning given before a password expires. A zero means "
+#~ "warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means "
+#~ "no warning is given. If not specified, no warning will be provided."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "密码过期之前给出警告的天数。0 表示只有只在过期的当天警告，负值表示不警告。"
+#~ "如果没有指定，不会给警告。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command>, <command>groupadd</command>, or "
+#~ "<command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>useradd</command>、<command>groupadd</command> 或 "
+#~ "<command>newusers</command> 创建的系统组的组 ID 的范围。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (resp. "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option>) is 101 (resp. <option>GID_MIN</option>-1)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> 和 <option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> 的默认值分别"
+#~ "是 101 和 <option>GID_MIN</option>-1。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> or <command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> 或 <command>newusers</command> 创建的系统用户的"
+#~ "用户 ID 的范围。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (resp. "
+#~ "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>) is 101 (resp. <option>UID_MIN</option>-1)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> 和 <option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> 的默认值分别"
+#~ "是 101 和 <option>UID_MIN</option>-1。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>TCB_AUTH_GROUP</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TCB_AUTH_GROUP</option> (boolean)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, newly created tcb shadow files will be "
+#~ "group owned by the <replaceable>auth</replaceable> group."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果为 <replaceable>yes</replaceable>，新创建的 tcb 影子文件所属的组将是 "
+#~ "<replaceable>auth</replaceable>。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>UID_MAX</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>UID_MIN</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by "
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> or <command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> 或 <command>newusers</command> 创建的普通用户的"
+#~ "用户 ID 的范围。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default value for <option>UID_MIN</option> (resp. <option>UID_MAX</"
+#~ "option>) is 1000 (resp. 60000)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>UID_MIN</option> 和 <option>UID_MAX</option> 的默认值分别是 1000 "
+#~ "和 60000。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>UMASK</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>UMASK</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value. If not "
+#~ "specified, the mask will be initialized to 022."
+#~ msgstr "文件模式创建掩码初始化为此值。如果没有指定，掩码初始化为 022。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> and <command>newusers</command> use this mask "
+#~ "to set the mode of the home directory they create"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>useradd</command> 和 <command>newusers</command> 使用此掩码设置它"
+#~ "们创建的用户主目录的模式。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "It is also used by <command>login</command> to define users' initial "
+#~ "umask. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user's GECOS line (if "
+#~ "<option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> is set) or by the specification of a limit "
+#~ "with the <emphasis>K</emphasis> identifier in "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>limits</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "也被 <command>login</command> 用于指定用户的初始 umask。注意，此掩码可以被"
+#~ "用户的 GECOS 行覆盖(当设置了 <option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> 时)，也可以被带 "
+#~ "<emphasis>K</emphasis> 指示符的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>limits</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> 定义的限制值覆盖。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "It is also used by <command>pam_umask</command> as the default umask "
+#~ "value."
+#~ msgstr "也被 <command>pam_umask</command> 用作默认 umask 值。"
+
+#~ msgid "username already in use"
+#~ msgstr "用户名已被使用"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>useradd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "<command>useradd</command> 可以返回如下值：<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Additional arguments may be provided after the username, in which case "
+#~ "they are supplied to the user's login shell. In particular, an argument "
+#~ "of <option>-c</option> will cause the next argument to be treated as a "
+#~ "command by most command interpreters. The command will be executed by the "
+#~ "shell specified in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> for the target user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "附加参数可以在用户名之后提供，这时，将会把他们提供给用户的登录 shell。特别"
+#~ "地，参数 <option>-c</option> 将会使下一个参数被多数命令解释器视为命令。这"
+#~ "个命令会被 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> 中为目标用户指定的 shell 执"
+#~ "行。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You can use the <option>--</option> argument to separate <command>su</"
+#~ "command> options from the arguments supplied to the shell."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "您可以使用 <option>--</option> 参数将 <command>su</command> 选项和提供给 "
+#~ "shell 的参数分隔开来。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--command</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--command</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>-p</option>, <option>--preserve-environment</"
+#~ "option>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>-p</option>, <option>--preserve-environment</"
+#~ "option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>CONSOLE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CONSOLE</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, either full pathname of a file containing device names (one "
+#~ "per line) or a \":\" delimited list of device names. Root logins will be "
+#~ "allowed only upon these devices."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果定义了，或者是包含设备名(没行一个)的文件的完整路径名，或者是“:”分隔的"
+#~ "设备名列表。将只会在这写设备上允许 root 登录。"
+
+#~ msgid "If not defined, root will be allowed on any device."
+#~ msgstr "如果没有定义，可以在任何设备上使用 root。"
+
+#~ msgid "The device should be specified without the /dev/ prefix."
+#~ msgstr "指定的设备时不带 /dev/ 前缀。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>CONSOLE_GROUPS</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CONSOLE_GROUPS</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "List of groups to add to the user's supplementary groups set when logging "
+#~ "in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting). Default is "
+#~ "none. <placeholder-1/> Use with caution - it is possible for users to "
+#~ "gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the "
+#~ "console."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "在控制台登录时，添加到用户附加组集中的组列表(就如 CONSOLE 所确定的)。默认"
+#~ "是无。<placeholder-1/> 使用时需要注意：这可能使用户获取这些组的永久权限，"
+#~ "甚至登录到的不是此控制台时。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>DEFAULT_HOME</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>DEFAULT_HOME</option> (boolean)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Indicate if login is allowed if we can't cd to the home directory. "
+#~ "Default is no."
+#~ msgstr "如果不能 cd 到主目录时，说明是否允许登录。默认是否。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the user will login in the root "
+#~ "(<filename>/</filename>) directory if it is not possible to cd to her "
+#~ "home directory."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果设置为 <replaceable>yes</replaceable>，如果不能 cd 到主目录时，用户将"
+#~ "会登录到根目录(<filename>/</filename>)。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_HZ</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_HZ</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user "
+#~ "login. The value must be preceded by <replaceable>HZ=</replaceable>. A "
+#~ "common value on Linux is <replaceable>HZ=100</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果设置了，将会用于在用户登录时定义 HZ 环境变量。值必须以 "
+#~ "<replaceable>HZ=</replaceable> 开头。Linux 上的常用值是 "
+#~ "<replaceable>HZ=100</replaceable>。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <envar>HZ</envar> environment variable is only set when the user (the "
+#~ "superuser) logs in with <command>sulogin</command>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<envar>HZ</envar> 环境变量只有当用户(超级用户)使用 <command>sulogin</"
+#~ "command> 登录时才设置。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If this file exists and is readable, login environment will be read from "
+#~ "it. Every line should be in the form name=value."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果此文件存在，并且可读，将会从中读取登录环境。所有行都必须是 name=value "
+#~ "的格式。"
+
+#~ msgid "Lines starting with a # are treated as comment lines and ignored."
+#~ msgstr "以 # 开头的行将视为注释，并被忽略。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_PATH</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_PATH</option> (string)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a "
+#~| "regular user login. The value can be preceded by <replaceable>PATH=</"
+#~| "replaceable>, or a colon separated list of paths (for example "
+#~| "<replaceable>/bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>). The default value is "
+#~| "<replaceable>PATH=/bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a "
+#~ "regular user login. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for "
+#~ "example <replaceable>/bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>) and can be preceded by "
+#~ "<replaceable>PATH=</replaceable>. The default value is <replaceable>PATH=/"
+#~ "bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果设置了，它将用于定义普通用户登录时的 PATH 环境变量。此值可以用 "
+#~ "<replaceable>PATH=</replaceable> 开头，或者是冒号分隔的路径列表 (例如 "
+#~ "<replaceable>/bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>)。默认的值是 <replaceable>PATH=/"
+#~ "bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (string)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the "
+#~| "superuser login. The value can be preceded by <replaceable>PATH=</"
+#~| "replaceable>, or a colon separated list of paths (for example "
+#~| "<replaceable>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>). The default "
+#~| "value is <replaceable>PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the "
+#~ "superuser login. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for "
+#~ "example <replaceable>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>) and can "
+#~ "be preceded by <replaceable>PATH=</replaceable>. The default value is "
+#~ "<replaceable>PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果设置了，它将用于定义超级用户登录时的 PATH 环境变量。此值可以用 "
+#~ "<replaceable>PATH=</replaceable> 开头，或者是冒号分隔的路径列表 (例如 "
+#~ "<replaceable>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>)。默认值是 "
+#~ "<replaceable>PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENV_TZ</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENV_TZ</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user "
+#~ "login. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by "
+#~ "<replaceable>TZ=</replaceable> (for example <replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</"
+#~ "replaceable>), or the full path to the file containing the timezone "
+#~ "specification (for example <filename>/etc/tzname</filename>)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果设置了，它将用于在用户登录时定义 TZ 环境变量。此值可以是以 "
+#~ "<replaceable>TZ=</replaceable> 开头的时区名(例如 <replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</"
+#~ "replaceable>)，或者是包含时区规则的文件完整路径(例如 <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "tzname</filename>)。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be "
+#~ "read, the default is to use <replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果将完整路径指定为了一个不存在或不可读的文件，则默认使用 "
+#~ "<replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</replaceable>。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_STRING</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOGIN_STRING</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The string used for prompting a password. The default is to use "
+#~ "\"Password: \", or a translation of that string. If you set this "
+#~ "variable, the prompt will not be translated."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "此字符串用于提示输入密码。默认是 \"Password: \"，或者翻译了的结果(汉语中翻"
+#~ "译为了“密码：”)。如果设置了此变量，提示不会被翻译。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If the string contains <replaceable>%s</replaceable>, this will be "
+#~ "replaced by the user's name."
+#~ msgstr "如果字符串包含 <replaceable>%s</replaceable>，将会被用户名替换。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable checking and display of mailbox status upon login."
+#~ msgstr "启用登录时检查和显示邮箱状态。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You should disable it if the shell startup files already check for mail "
+#~ "(\"mailx -e\" or equivalent)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果 shell 的启动文件已经检查了邮件(\"mailx -e\" 或者其它同功能的工具)，您"
+#~ "应该禁用它。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "Enable setting of ulimit, umask, and niceness from passwd gecos field."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable setting of resource limits from <filename>/etc/limits</filename> "
+#~ "and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user's passwd gecos field."
+#~ msgstr "允许在 passwd 的 gecos 字段设置 ulimit、umask 和 niceness。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SULOG_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SULOG_FILE</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid "If defined, all su activity is logged to this file."
+#~ msgstr "如果定义了，所有的 su 活动都会记录到此文件。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SU_NAME</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SU_NAME</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, the command name to display when running \"su -\". For "
+#~ "example, if this is defined as \"su\" then a \"ps\" will display the "
+#~ "command is \"-su\". If not defined, then \"ps\" would display the name of "
+#~ "the shell actually being run, e.g. something like \"-sh\"."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果定义了，就是运行“su -”时显示的命令名称。例如，如果定义为“su”，那"
+#~ "么“ps”会显示此命令为“-su”。如果没有定义，“ps”将会显示实际执行的 shell，例"
+#~ "如类似于“-sh”。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SU_WHEEL_ONLY</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SU_WHEEL_ONLY</option> (boolean)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the user must be listed as a member of "
+#~ "the first gid 0 group in <filename>/etc/group</filename> (called "
+#~ "<replaceable>root</replaceable> on most Linux systems) to be able to "
+#~ "<command>su</command> to uid 0 accounts. If the group doesn't exist or is "
+#~ "empty, no one will be able to <command>su</command> to uid 0."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果为 <replaceable>yes</replaceable>，用户必须在 <filename>/etc/group</"
+#~ "filename> 中别设定为 GID 为 0 的组(在大部分 Linux 上叫 <replaceable>root</"
+#~ "replaceable>)的成员。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SYSLOG_SU_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYSLOG_SU_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable \"syslog\" logging of <command>su</command> activity - in addition "
+#~ "to sulog file logging."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "除了 sulog 文件日志，也为 <command>su</command> 活动启用“syslog”日志。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SYSLOG_SG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SYSLOG_SG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable \"syslog\" logging of <command>sg</command> activity."
+#~ msgstr "允许“syslog”记录 <command>sg</command> 的活动。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>pwunconv</command> command creates <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">passwd</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</"
+#~ "emphasis> and <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> and then removes "
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>pwunconv</command> 命令使用 <emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</"
+#~ "emphasis> 和 <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> 来创建 <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">passwd</emphasis>，然后移除 <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</"
+#~ "emphasis>。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>grpconv</command> command creates <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</"
+#~ "emphasis> and an optionally existing <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</"
+#~ "emphasis>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>grpconv</command> 从 <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> 和可"
+#~ "能存在的 <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis> 创建 <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis>。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>grpunconv</command> command creates <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> "
+#~ "and <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis> and then removes <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>grpunconv</command> 命令从 <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</"
+#~ "emphasis> 和 <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis> 创建 <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">group</emphasis>，然后移除 <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</"
+#~ "emphasis>。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<command>pwconv</command> will use the values of <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_MIN_DAYS</emphasis>, <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_MAX_DAYS</emphasis>, and <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_WARN_AGE</emphasis> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename> when adding new entries to <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>pwconv</command> 向 <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> 添加条目时，"
+#~ "将使用<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 中的 <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_MIN_DAYS</emphasis>, <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_MAX_DAYS</emphasis> 和 <emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">PASS_WARN_AGE</emphasis> 值。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>pwconv</command>, "
+#~ "<command>pwunconv</command>, <command>grpconv</command>, and "
+#~ "<command>grpunconv</command> commands are:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<command>pwconv</command>, <command>pwunconv</command>, <command>grpconv</"
+#~ "command> 和 <command>grpunconv</command> 命令可以接受的选项有："
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The following configuration variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~ "filename> changes the behavior of <command>grpconv</command> and "
+#~ "<command>grpunconv</command>:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 中的如下配置变量改变 "
+#~ "<command>grpconv</command> 和 <command>grpunconv</command> 的行为："
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase condition=\"tcb\">, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_convert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_unconvert</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase condition=\"tcb\">, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_convert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcb_unconvert</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>pwck</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "<command>pwck</command> 选项可以接受的选项有："
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--read-only</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--read-only</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sort</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sort</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The encrypted password field may be blank, in which case no password is "
+#~ "required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some "
+#~ "applications which read the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file may "
+#~ "decide not to permit <emphasis>any</emphasis> access at all if the "
+#~ "<emphasis>password</emphasis> field is blank. If the <emphasis>password</"
+#~ "emphasis> field is a lower-case <quote>x</quote>, then the encrypted "
+#~ "password is actually stored in the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file instead; there "
+#~ "<emphasis>must</emphasis> be a corresponding line in the <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "shadow</filename> file, or else the user account is invalid. If the "
+#~ "<emphasis>password</emphasis> field is any other string, then it will be "
+#~ "treated as an encrypted password, as specified by "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "加密的密码字段可以为空，此时使用指定的登录名登录时不会要求认证。然而，如"
+#~ "果 <emphasis>password</emphasis> 为空，一些读取 <filename>/etc/passwd</"
+#~ "filename> 文件的程序可能会不允许  <emphasis>任何</emphasis> 访问。如果 "
+#~ "<emphasis>password</emphasis> 字段是一个小写的 <quote>x</quote>，那么加密"
+#~ "的密码实际上存储于 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> 中；在 <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/shadow</filename> 文件中 <emphasis>必须</emphasis> 有对应的行，否则用"
+#~ "户账户就会无效。如果 <emphasis>password</emphasis> 字段是其他任何字符串，"
+#~ "将会被视为加密过的密码，如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> 中的说明。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "此注释字段被多个系统工具使用，例如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--repository</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--repository</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-S</option>, <option>--status</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-S</option>, <option>--status</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-x</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-x</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting "
+#~ "passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)."
+#~ msgstr "这定义了系统加密密码的默认算法(如果没有在命令行上指定算法)。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "It can take one of these values: <replaceable>DES</replaceable> "
+#~ "(default), <replaceable>MD5</replaceable><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"sha_crypt\">, <replaceable>SHA256</replaceable>, "
+#~ "<replaceable>SHA512</replaceable></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "可以使用如下值：<replaceable>DES</replaceable> (default), "
+#~ "<replaceable>MD5</replaceable><phrase condition=\"sha_crypt\">, "
+#~ "<replaceable>SHA256</replaceable>, <replaceable>SHA512</replaceable></"
+#~ "phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: this parameter overrides the <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> "
+#~ "variable."
+#~ msgstr "注意，此参数会覆盖 <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> 变量。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords. The generation "
+#~ "of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration. It "
+#~ "is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM "
+#~ "configuration."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "注意：这只影响组密码的产生。用户密码的产生是由 PAM 和 PAM 配置负责的。建议"
+#~ "设置此变量和 PAM 配置一致。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5-based algorithm. If "
+#~ "set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, new passwords will be encrypted "
+#~ "using the MD5-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent "
+#~ "releases of FreeBSD. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer "
+#~ "salt strings. Set to <replaceable>no</replaceable> if you need to copy "
+#~ "encrypted passwords to other systems which don't understand the new "
+#~ "algorithm. Default is <replaceable>no</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "表示密码是否必须使用基于 MD5 的算法加密。如果设为 <replaceable>yes</"
+#~ "replaceable>，新密码将使用可以和新版 FreeBSD 兼容的基于 MD5 的算法加密。它"
+#~ "支持无限长度的密码以及更长的盐字符串。如果您需要将加密的密码复制到其它不理"
+#~ "解新算法的系统，设置为 <replaceable>no</replaceable>。默认值是 "
+#~ "<replaceable>no</replaceable>。"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "This variable is superceded by the <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> "
+#~| "variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption "
+#~| "algorithm."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This variable is superseded by the <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> "
+#~ "variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption "
+#~ "algorithm."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "此变量已经被 <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> 变量或者用于配置加密算法的命"
+#~ "令行选项取代。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This variable is deprecated. You should use <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</"
+#~ "option>."
+#~ msgstr "此变量已经废弃。您应该使用 <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option>。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable additional checks upon password changes."
+#~ msgstr "对密码更改启用附加检查。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_ALWAYS_WARN</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_ALWAYS_WARN</option> (boolean)"
+
+#~ msgid "Warn about weak passwords (but still allow them) if you are root."
+#~ msgstr "如果是 root，警告弱密码，但是仍然允许使用。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_CHANGE_TRIES</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_CHANGE_TRIES</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Maximum number of attempts to change password if rejected (too easy)."
+#~ msgstr "可以尝试更改密码的最大次数(太容易)。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PASS_MIN_LEN</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PASS_MIN_LEN</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Number of significant characters in the password for crypt(). "
+#~ "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> is 8 by default. Don't change unless your "
+#~ "crypt() is better. This is ignored if <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> set "
+#~ "to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "crypt() 的有效字符位数。<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> 默认是 8，除非您自己"
+#~ "的 crypt() 更好，否则不要更改。如果 <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> 设为 "
+#~ "<replaceable>yes</replaceable>，会被忽略。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "When <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> is set to <replaceable>SHA256</"
+#~ "replaceable> or <replaceable>SHA512</replaceable>, this defines the "
+#~ "number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when "
+#~ "the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> 设为 <replaceable>SHA256</replaceable> 或 "
+#~ "<replaceable>SHA512</replaceable> 时，此项确定加密算法默认使用 SHA 轮转数"
+#~ "目(当轮转数没有通过命令行指定时)。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password. "
+#~ "But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate "
+#~ "users."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "使用很多轮转，会让暴力破解更加困难。但是需要注意，认证用户时也会需要更多"
+#~ "的 CPU 资源。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds "
+#~ "(5000)."
+#~ msgstr "如果没有指定，libc 会选择默认的轮转数(5000)。"
+
+#~ msgid "The values must be inside the 1000-999,999,999 range."
+#~ msgstr "值必须在 1000 - 999,999,999 之间。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If only one of the <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> or "
+#~ "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> values is set, then this value will "
+#~ "be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果只设置了一个 <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> 或 "
+#~ "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> 值，就会使用这个值。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> &gt; "
+#~ "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option>, the highest value will be used."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果 <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> &gt; "
+#~ "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option>，将会使用大的那个。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>passwd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "<command>passwd</command> 命令退出，并返回如下值：<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "To disable all logins, investigate <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果要禁用所有登录，请参考 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified "
+#~ "directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or "
+#~ "updated and its primary group."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果此字段指定的不是现有的目录，将会创建指定的目录，所有权设置为创建或更新"
+#~ "的用户及其主组。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>newusers</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "<command>newusers</command> 命令可以使用的选项有："
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "PAM configuration for <command>newusers</command>."
+#~ msgstr "<command>newusers</command> 的 PAM 配置。"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"subids\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>subgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, </phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid "<option>CHFN_AUTH</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CHFN_AUTH</option> (boolean)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <command>chfn</command> program "
+#~ "will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the "
+#~ "superuser."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果为 <replaceable>yes</replaceable>，<command>chfn</command> 进行任何更"
+#~ "改前都要要求认证，除非由超级用户运行。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>CHFN_RESTRICT</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CHFN_RESTRICT</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>CHSH_AUTH</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>CHSH_AUTH</option> (boolean)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <command>chsh</command> program "
+#~ "will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the "
+#~ "superuser."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果 <replaceable>yes</replaceable>，<command>chsh</command> 程序在做任何"
+#~ "更改之前都会要求认证，除非是以超级用户身份运行的。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ERASECHAR</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ERASECHAR</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Terminal ERASE character (<replaceable>010</replaceable> = backspace, "
+#~ "<replaceable>0177</replaceable> = DEL)."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "终端擦除字符 (<replaceable>010</replaceable> = backspace, "
+#~ "<replaceable>0177</replaceable> = DEL)。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The value can be prefixed \"0\" for an octal value, or \"0x\" for an "
+#~ "hexadecimal value."
+#~ msgstr "此值可以使用前缀“0”表示八进制，“0x”表示十六进制。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>FAIL_DELAY</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FAIL_DELAY</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Delay in seconds before being allowed another attempt after a login "
+#~ "failure."
+#~ msgstr "登录失败后，等待多少秒才再允许登录。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>FAILLOG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FAILLOG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable logging and display of <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> login "
+#~ "failure info."
+#~ msgstr "允许登录并显示 <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> 登录失败信息。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>FAKE_SHELL</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FAKE_SHELL</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If set, <command>login</command> will execute this shell instead of the "
+#~ "users' shell specified in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果设置了，<command>login</command> 将执行此 shell 而不是在 <filename>/"
+#~ "etc/passwd</filename> 中指定的用户 shell。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>FTMP_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>FTMP_FILE</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, login failures will be logged in this file in a utmp format."
+#~ msgstr "如果定义，登录失败会以 utmp 格式记录在此文件中。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>HUSHLOGIN_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>HUSHLOGIN_FILE</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ISSUE_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ISSUE_FILE</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid "If defined, this file will be displayed before each login prompt."
+#~ msgstr "如果定义了，此文件将在每次的登录提示之前显示。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>KILLCHAR</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>KILLCHAR</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid "Terminal KILL character (<replaceable>025</replaceable> = CTRL/U)."
+#~ msgstr "终端 KILL 字符 (<replaceable>025</replaceable> = CTRL/U)。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LASTLOG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LASTLOG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable logging and display of /var/log/lastlog login time info."
+#~ msgstr "允许记录和显示 /var/log/lastlog 登录时间信息。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LOG_OK_LOGINS</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOG_OK_LOGINS</option> (boolean)"
+
+#~ msgid "Enable logging of successful logins."
+#~ msgstr "允许记录成功登录。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable display of unknown usernames when login failures are recorded."
+#~ msgstr "在记录到登录失败时，允许记录未知用户名。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Note: logging unknown usernames may be a security issue if an user enter "
+#~ "her password instead of her login name."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "注意：如果用户不小心将密码输入到了登录名中，记录未知用户名可能是一个安全隐"
+#~ "患。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_RETRIES</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOGIN_RETRIES</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid "Maximum number of login retries in case of bad password."
+#~ msgstr "密码错误时，重试的最大次数。"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "This will most likely be overridden by PAM, since the default pam_unix "
+#~| "module has it's own built in of 3 retries. However, this is a safe "
+#~| "fallback in case you are using an authentication module that does not "
+#~| "enforce PAM_MAXTRIES."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This will most likely be overridden by PAM, since the default pam_unix "
+#~ "module has its own built in of 3 retries. However, this is a safe "
+#~ "fallback in case you are using an authentication module that does not "
+#~ "enforce PAM_MAXTRIES."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "这很有可能被 PAM 覆盖，因为默认的 pam_unix 模块有其内建 3 次重新尝试。然"
+#~ "而，在您使用一个没有强制 PAM_MAXTRIES 的认证模块时，这是一个安全反馈。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>LOGIN_TIMEOUT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>LOGIN_TIMEOUT</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid "Max time in seconds for login."
+#~ msgstr "最大登录时间(以秒为单位)。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>MOTD_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>MOTD_FILE</option> (string)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If defined, \":\" delimited list of \"message of the day\" files to be "
+#~ "displayed upon login."
+#~ msgstr "如果定义了，登录时显示“:”分隔的“message of the day”。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>NOLOGINS_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>NOLOGINS_FILE</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "Enable checking of time restrictions specified in /etc/porttime."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Enable checking of time restrictions specified in <filename>/etc/"
+#~ "porttime</filename>."
+#~ msgstr "启用在 /etc/porttime 中指定的时间限制检查。"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYGROUP</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TTYGROUP</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYPERM</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TTYPERM</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>TTYTYPE_FILE</option> (string)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>TTYTYPE_FILE</option> (string)"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>ULIMIT</option> (number)"
+#~ msgstr "<option>ULIMIT</option> (number)"
+
+#~ msgid "Default <command>ulimit</command> value."
+#~ msgstr "默认 <command>ulimit</command> 值。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CHFN_AUTH</phrase> CHFN_RESTRICT <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CHFN_AUTH</phrase> CHFN_RESTRICT <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ "
+#~ "ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FAILLOG_ENAB</phrase> FAKE_SHELL <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FTMP_FILE</phrase> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">ISSUE_FILE</phrase> KILLCHAR <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LASTLOG_ENAB</phrase> LOGIN_RETRIES <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+#~ "LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR "
+#~ "MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB</"
+#~ "phrase> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ULIMIT "
+#~ "UMASK</phrase> USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ "
+#~ "ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FAILLOG_ENAB</phrase> FAKE_SHELL <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">FTMP_FILE</phrase> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">ISSUE_FILE</phrase> KILLCHAR <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LASTLOG_ENAB</phrase> LOGIN_RETRIES <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
+#~ "LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR "
+#~ "MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB</"
+#~ "phrase> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ULIMIT "
+#~ "UMASK</phrase> USERGROUPS_ENAB"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"tcb\">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ENV_PATH "
+#~ "ENV_SUPATH <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING "
+#~ "MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB</phrase> SULOG_FILE "
+#~ "SU_NAME <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">SU_WHEEL_ONLY</phrase> "
+#~ "SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">USERGROUPS_ENAB</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
+#~ "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ENV_PATH "
+#~ "ENV_SUPATH <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING "
+#~ "MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB</phrase> SULOG_FILE "
+#~ "SU_NAME <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">SU_WHEEL_ONLY</phrase> "
+#~ "SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">USERGROUPS_ENAB</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid "ENV_HZ <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr "ENV_HZ <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">permission</emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">users</"
+#~ "emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">origins</emphasis>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">permission</emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">users</"
+#~ "emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">origins</emphasis>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This version of <command>login</command> has many compilation options, "
+#~ "only some of which may be in use at any particular site."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "此版本的 <command>login</command> 有很多编译选项，只有一部分可以在任何站点"
+#~ "使用。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>securetty</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
+#~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>securetty</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "K: file creation mask, set by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>umask</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "K：文件创建掩码，由 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>umask</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> 设置。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "P: process priority, set by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "P：进程优先级，由 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> 设置。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>lastlog</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "<command>lastlog</command> 命令可以接受的选项有："
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-C</option>, <option>--clear</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+#~ msgid "<option>-S</option>, <option>--set</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>DAYS</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>LOGIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpconv</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "a valid group identifier <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> (<filename>/etc/"
+#~ "group</filename> only)</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "有效的组标识符 <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> (仅 <filename>/etc/group</"
+#~ "filename>)</phrase>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "a valid list of members <phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> and "
+#~ "administrators</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr "有效的成员和 <phrase condition=\"gshadow\">管理员</phrase> 列表。"
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>grpck</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "<command>grpck</command> 可以接受的选项有："
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Sort entries in <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase> by "
+#~ "GID."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "根据 GID 在 <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> "
+#~ "和 <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase> 中进行排序。"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "By default, <command>pwck</command> operates on the files <filename>/etc/"
+#~| "passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase "
+#~| "condition=\"tcb\"> (or the files in <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>)</"
+#~| "phrase>. The user may select alternate files with the "
+#~| "<replaceable>passwd</replaceable> and <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> "
+#~| "parameters."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "By default, <command>grpck</command> operates on <filename>/etc/group</"
+#~ "filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
+#~ "filename></phrase>. The user may select alternate files with the "
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">group</emphasis><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_gshadow\">parameter.</phrase><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">and <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> "
+#~ "parameters.</phrase>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "默认上，<command>pwck</command> 操作文件 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> "
+#~ "和 <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase condition=\"tcb\"> (或者在 "
+#~ "<filename>/etc/tcb</filename> 中的文件)</phrase>。用户也可以使用 "
+#~ "<replaceable>passwd</replaceable> 和 <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> 参"
+#~ "数来选择替代文件。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>grpck</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "<command>grpck</command> 可以返回如下值：<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>, </citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>, </citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getuid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getuid</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupmod</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "<command>groupmod</command> 命令可以接受的选项有："
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The default behavior (if the <option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option>, "
+#~| "and <option>-U</option> options are not specified) is defined by the "
+#~| "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
+#~| "filename>."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "No checks will be performed with regard to the <option>GID_MIN</option>, "
+#~ "<option>GID_MAX</option>, <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option>, or "
+#~ "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "如果没有指定 <option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option> 和 <option>-U</"
+#~ "option> 选项，默认行为由 <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 中的 "
+#~ "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> 变量指定。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--new-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NEW_GROUP</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-n</option>, <option>--new-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>NEW_GROUP</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupmod</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "<command>groupmod</command> 命令可以返回如下值：<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupmems</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "<command>groupmems</command> 命令可以接受的选项有："
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user_name</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user_name</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>user_name</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>user_name</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>group_name</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>group_name</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-p</option>, <option>--purge</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-p</option>, <option>--purge</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupdel</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "<command>groupdel</command> 命令可以接受的选项有："
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupdel</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "<command>groupdel</command> 命令以如下值退出：<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>groupadd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "<command>groupadd</command> 命令可以接受的选项有："
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "Except for the <option>-A</option> and <option>-M</option> options, the "
+#~| "options cannot be combined."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "See also the <option>-r</option> option and the <option>GID_MAX</option> "
+#~ "description."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "除了 <option>-A</option> 和 <option>-M</option> 选项，其它选项不能联合使"
+#~ "用。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Example: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "示例：<option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</"
+#~ "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "This option permits to add a group with a non-unique GID."
+#~ msgstr "此选项允许添加一个使用非唯一 GID 的组。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Groupnames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed "
+#~ "by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with "
+#~ "a dollar sign. In regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "组名必须以小写字母或者下划线开头，跟随小写字母、下划线或短横线。可以由美元"
+#~ "符号结束。用正则表达式就是：[a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Groupnames may only be up to &GROUP_NAME_MAX_LENGTH; characters long."
+#~ msgstr "组名最长为 &GROUP_NAME_MAX_LENGTH; 个字符。"
+
+#~ msgid "GID not unique (when <option>-o</option> not used)"
+#~ msgstr "GID 不唯一 (没有使用 <option>-o</option>)"
+
+#~ msgid "group name not unique"
+#~ msgstr "组名不唯一"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>groupadd</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "<command>groupadd</command> 可能以如下值退出：<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>gpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "<command>gpasswd</command> 可以接受的选项有："
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-Q</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-Q</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove-password</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove-password</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-R</option>, <option>--restrict</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-R</option>, <option>--restrict</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-A</option>, <option>--administrators</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>user</replaceable>,..."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-A</option>, <option>--administrators</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>user</replaceable>,..."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--members</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>,..."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--members</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>user</"
+#~ "replaceable>,..."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>faillog</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "<command>faillog</command> 可以接受的选项有："
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-secs</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SEC</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-secs</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SEC</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--maximum</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>MAX</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--maximum</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>MAX</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>faillog</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>faillog</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>expiry</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "<command>expiry</command> 选项可以接受的选项有："
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-c</option>, <option>--check</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-c</option>, <option>--check</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chsh</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "<command>chsh</command> 命令可以接受的选项有："
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">user_name</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">password</emphasis>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">user_name</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">password</emphasis>"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid ""
+#~| "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the "
+#~| "ENCRYPT_METHOD variable of <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, and can "
+#~| "be overwiten with the <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</option>, or "
+#~| "<option>-c</option> options."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the "
+#~ "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> or <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> "
+#~ "variables of <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, and can be overwritten "
+#~ "with the <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</option>, or <option>-c</option> "
+#~ "options."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "默认加密算法可以通过 <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> 的 "
+#~ "ENCRYPT_METHOD 变量设置，并且可以使用 <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</"
+#~ "option> 或 <option>-c</option> 选项覆盖。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>chpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "<command>chpasswd</command> 可以接受的选项有："
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>METHOD</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>METHOD</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ROUNDS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ROUNDS</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "PAM configuration for <command>chpasswd</command>."
+#~ msgstr "<command>chpasswd</command> 的 PAM 配置。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">group_name</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">password</emphasis>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<emphasis remap=\"I\">group_name</emphasis>:<emphasis "
+#~ "remap=\"I\">password</emphasis>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The options which apply to the <command>chgpasswd</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "<command>chgpasswd</command> 可以接受的选项有："
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chfn</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "<command>chfn</command> 命令可以接受的选项有："
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--full-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FULL_NAME</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-f</option>, <option>--full-name</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>FULL_NAME</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-h</option>, <option>--home-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_PHONE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-h</option>, <option>--home-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>HOME_PHONE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>OTHER</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-o</option>, <option>--other</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>OTHER</"
+#~ "replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--room</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ROOM_NUMBER</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-r</option>, <option>--room</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>ROOM_NUMBER</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+#~ msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--help</option>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--work-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WORK_PHONE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-w</option>, <option>--work-phone</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WORK_PHONE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chage</command> command are:"
+#~ msgstr "<command>chage</command> 命令可以接受的选项有："
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--lastday</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>LAST_DAY</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-d</option>, <option>--lastday</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>LAST_DAY</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-E</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-E</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-I</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-I</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-M</option>, <option>--maxdays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<option>-W</option>, <option>--warndays</option>&nbsp;"
+#~ "<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <command>chage</command> command exits with the following values: "
+#~ "<placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "<command>chage</command> 命令有如下退出值：<placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "translator-credits"
+#~ msgstr "YunQiang Su <wzssyqa@gmail.com>, 2010."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "can't create mail spool"
+#~ msgstr "无法创建邮箱"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The SELinux user for the user's login. The default is to leave this field "
+#~ "the blank, which causes the system to select the default SELinux user."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "用户登录使用的 SELinux 用户。默认值就留空，会让系统选择默认的 SELinux 用"
+#~ "户。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <phrase "
+#~ "condition=\"no_pam\"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
+#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, </"
+#~ "phrase><citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
+#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
+
+#~ msgid "new_users"
+#~ msgstr "新用户"
+
+#~ msgid "-f <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-f <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "-w <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-w <placeholder-1/>"
+
+#~ msgid "-o <placeholder-1/>"
+#~ msgstr "-o <placeholder-1/>"
diff --git a/man/porttime.5.xml b/man/porttime.5.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..077f009
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/porttime.5.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 - 1990, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='porttime.5'>
+  <!--  $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1989</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>porttime</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">File Formats and Configuration Files</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>porttime</refname>
+    <refpurpose>port access time file</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      <emphasis remap='I'>porttime</emphasis> contains a list of tty
+      devices, user names, and permitted login times.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      Each entry consists of three colon separated fields. The first field
+      is a comma separated list of tty devices, or an asterisk to indicate
+      that all tty devices are matched by this entry. The second field is a
+      comma separated list of user names, or an asterisk to indicated that
+      all user names are matched by this entry. The third field is a comma
+      separated list of permitted access times.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week,
+      abbreviated <emphasis>Su</emphasis>, <emphasis>Mo</emphasis>,
+      <emphasis>Tu</emphasis>, <emphasis>We</emphasis>,
+      <emphasis>Th</emphasis>, <emphasis>Fr</emphasis>, and
+      <emphasis>Sa</emphasis>, followed by a pair of times separated by a
+      hyphen. The abbreviation <emphasis>Wk</emphasis> may be used to
+      represent Monday thru Friday, and <emphasis>Al</emphasis> may be used
+      to indicate every day. If no days are given, <emphasis>Al</emphasis>
+      is assumed.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='examples'>
+    <title>EXAMPLES</title>
+    <para>
+      The following entry allows access to user <emphasis
+      remap='B'>jfh</emphasis> on every port during weekdays from 9am to
+      5pm.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>	*:jfh:Wk0900-1700</para>
+
+    <para>
+      The following entries allow access only to the users
+      <emphasis>root</emphasis> and <emphasis>oper</emphasis> on
+      <filename>/dev/console</filename> at any time. This illustrates how
+      the <filename>/etc/porttime</filename> file is an ordered list of
+      access times. Any other user would match the second entry which does
+      not permit access at any time.
+    </para>
+
+    <programlisting>
+      console:root,oper:Al0000-2400
+      console:*:
+    </programlisting>
+
+    <para>
+      The following entry allows access for the user
+      <emphasis>games</emphasis> on any port during non-working hours. 
+    </para>
+
+    <para>	*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400</para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/porttime</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>File containing port access.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
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diff --git a/man/pt_BR/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/pt_BR/man1/gpasswd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cccb459
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pt_BR/man1/gpasswd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+.\" Copyright 1996, Rafal Maszkowski, rzm@pdi.net
+.\"
+.\" É permitida a confecção e distribuição deste manual, devidamente
+.\" acompanhado dos avisos de direitos autorais e desta permissão
+.\" em todas as cópias.
+.\"
+.\" É permitida a cópia e distribuição de versões modificadas deste manual
+.\" sob as condições acima, e que todo o trabalho derivado seja distribuido
+.\"  sob  as mesmas condições deste manual.
+.\" 
+.\" Uma vez que o kernel do Linux e suas bibliotecas estão constantemente
+.\" mudando, esta página de manual poderá estar incorreta ou desatualizada.
+.\" O(s) autor(es) não assumem responsabilidade por erros ou omissões, 
+.\"  ou por danos resultantes do uso das informações aqui contidas. 
+.\"
+.\" Versões formatadas ou processadas deste manual, desacompanhadas dos
+.\" fontes, devem conter a autorização e os direitos autorais dos autores do
+.\" trabalho.
+.\"
+.\" Você deve receber uma cópia da Licença Pública GNU
+.\" junto com este manual; caso contrário, escreva para a Free Software
+.\" Foundation, Inc., 675 mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ou
+.\" em português na Conectiva Informática \- http://www.conectiva.com.br
+.\"
+.\"	$Id$
+.\"
+.TH GPASSWD 1
+.SH NOME
+gpasswd \- administra o arquivo \fI/etc/group\fR
+.br
+.SH SINOPSE
+\fBgpasswd\fR \fIgrupo\fR
+.br
+\fBgpasswd \-a\fR \fIusuário\fR \fIgrupo\fR
+.br
+\fBgpasswd \-d\fR \fIusuário\fR \fIgrupo\fR
+.br
+\fBgpasswd \-R\fR \fIgrupo\fR
+.br
+.B gpasswd
+.B \-r
+\fIgrupo\fR
+.br
+.B gpasswd
+.RB [ \-A
+\fIusuário\fR,...]
+.RB [ \-M
+\fIusuário\fR,...]
+\fIgrupo\fR
+.br
+.SH DESCRIÇÃO
+O
+.B gpasswd
+é utilizado para administrar o arquivo \fI/etc/group\fR (e o arquivo
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR, caso compilado com SHADOWGRP).
+Todos os grupos podem ter administradores, membros e uma senha. O
+administrador do sistema pode usar a opção \fB\-A\fR para definir o
+administrador do grupo e \fB\-M\fR para definir os membros e todos os seus
+direitos assim como os do administrador.
+.PP
+Administradores de grupos podem adicionar e excluir usuários utilizando as
+opções \fB\-a\fR e \fB\-d\fR respectivamente. Administradores podem usar a opção
+\fB\-r\fR  para remover a senha de um grupo. Quando não há senhas definidas
+para um grupo, somente os membros do grupo podem usar o comando
+.BR newgrp (1) 
+para adicionar novos usuários ao grupo . A opção  \fB\-R\fR 
+desabilita o acesso ao grupo através do comando 
+.BR newgrp (1)
+.
+.PP
+O
+.B gpasswd
+executado pelo administrador do grupo seguido pelo nome 
+solicitará a senha do grupo. Caso o comando 
+.BR newgrp (1)
+esteja habilitado para outros usuários do grupo sem o uso de senha, não
+membros podem também executar o comando, informando porém a senha do grupo.
+.SH ARQUIVOS
+\fI/etc/group\fR	\- informações do grupo
+.br
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR	\- informações do grupo em arquivo shadow
+.SH VEJA TAMBÉM
+.BR newgrp (1),
+.BR groupadd (8),
+.BR groupdel (8),
+.BR groupmod (8),
+.BR grpck (8)
+.SH TRADUÇÃO E REVISÃO PARA A LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
+Sandro Nunes Henrique <sandro@conectiva.com.br> (tradução)
+.br
+Rodrigo Stulzer Lopes <rodrigo@conectiva.com.br> (revisão)
+.br
+Guilherme de S. Pastore <gpastore@colband.com.br> (revisão)
diff --git a/man/pt_BR/man5/passwd.5 b/man/pt_BR/man5/passwd.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..211c789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pt_BR/man5/passwd.5
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+.\" -*- nroff -*-
+.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de), Fri Apr  2 11:32:09 MET DST 1993
+.\"
+.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
+.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+.\"
+.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
+.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
+.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
+.\" intermediate and printed output.
+.\"
+.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
+.\"
+.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
+.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111,
+.\" USA.
+.\"
+.\" Modified Sun Jul 25 10:46:28 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
+.\" Modified Sun Aug 21 18:12:27 1994 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
+.\" Modified Sun Jun 18 01:53:57 1995 by Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
+.\" Modified Mon Jan  5 20:24:40 MET 1998 by Michael Haardt
+.\"  (michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de)
+.TH PASSWD 5 "5/01/1998" "" "Formatos de Arquivo"
+.SH NOME
+passwd \- arquivo de senhas
+.SH DESCRIÇÃO
+.B Passwd
+é um arquivo texto, que contém a lista de contas do sistema,
+fornecendo para cada conta qualquer informação útil como identificação numérica do usuário,
+identificação numérica do grupo, diretório do usuário, interpretador de comandos, etc.
+Freqüentemente ele contém as senhas criptografadas para cada conta.
+Ele deveria ter permissão total de leitura (muitos utilitários, como
+.BR ls (1)
+usa-o para mapear as identificações dos usuários para nome de usuários), mas
+a permissão de escrita é apenas para o superusuário.
+.PP
+Nos bons e velhos dias não havia grandes problemas com esta permissão total
+de leitura. Todos podiam ler as senhas criptografadas, mas o hardware era 
+muito lento para quebrar as senhas bem escolhidas, e além disso, a suposição fundamental
+usada era que toda comunidade de usuários era amigável. Atualmente muitas 
+pessoas executam alguma versão da suite shadow password, onde
+.I /etc/passwd
+tem *'s ao invéz de senhas criptografadas, e as senhas criptorafadas estão em
+.I /etc/shadow
+o qual é legível apenas para o superusuário.
+.PP
+Apesar de que senhas shadow serem usadas, muitos administradores de 
+sistemas usam
+estrelas no campo de senhas criptografadas para ter certeza que este usuário
+autentique-se a si mesmo(a) usando uma senha. (Mas veja as Notas abaixo.)
+.PP
+Se você cria um nova conta, primeiro coloque asteriscos no campo de 
+senhas, então use
+.BR passwd (1)
+para seleciona-lá.
+.PP
+Há apenas um lançamento por linha, e cada linha tem o formato:
+.sp
+.RS
+account:password:UID:GID:GECOS:directory:shell
+.RE
+.sp
+As descrições dos campos são:
+.sp
+.RS
+.TP 1.0in
+.I account
+o nome dos usuários do sistema. Ele não deveria conter letras maiúsculas.
+.TP
+.I password
+a senha criptografada do usuários ou asteriscos.
+.TP
+.I UID
+a identificação numérica do usuário.
+.TP
+.I GID
+a identificação do grupo primário para este usuário.
+.TP
+.I GECOS
+Este campo é opcional e somente usado para propósitos informativos.
+Usualmente, ele contém o nome completo do usuário. GECOS significa General Electric
+Comprehensive Operating System, que foi renomeado para GCOS quando
+a divissão de grandes sistemas da GE foi vendida para Honeywell. Dennis Ritchie havia
+relatado: "Algumas vezes nós mandamos uma saída para a impressora ou trabalhos em lote
+para um máquina GCOS. O campo gcos no arquivo de senhas estava no lugar 
+para esconder a informação para o $IDENTcard. Não elegante."
+.TP
+.I directory
+o diretório do usuário ($HOME).
+.TP
+.I shell
+o interpretador de comando usados depois do login (se vazio, usa o
+.BR /bin/sh ).
+Se selecionado um executável que não existe, o usuário ficará incapaz de
+logar através de
+.BR login (1).
+.RE
+.SH NOTAS
+Se você quiser criar grupos de usuários, as GIDs devem ser iguais e devem
+ter um lançamento no \fI/etc/group\fP, ou o grupo não existe.
+.PP
+Se a senha criptografada é selecionada como asteriscos, o usuário ficará
+apto para logar usando
+.BR login (1),
+mas talvez logar usando
+.BR rlogin (1),
+executar processos existentes e iniciar novos através de
+.BR rsh (1)
+ou
+.BR cron (1)
+ou
+.BR at (1)
+ou filtros de correio, etc. Tentativa para fechar um conta por simples 
+mudança do campo
+shell produz o mesmo resultado e adicionalmente permite o uso de
+.BR su (1).
+.SH ARQUIVOS
+.I /etc/passwd
+.SH "VEJA TAMBÉM"
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR login (1),
+.BR su (1),
+.BR group (5),
+.BR shadow (5)
+.SH TRADUZIDO POR LDP-BR em 21/08/2000.
+\&\fR\&\f(CWAndré L. Fassone Canova <lonelywolf@blv.com.br> (tradução)\fR
+\&\fR\&\f(CWRoberto Selbach Teixeira <robteix@zaz.com.br> (revisão)\fR
diff --git a/man/pt_BR/man5/shadow.5 b/man/pt_BR/man5/shadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..958bda7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pt_BR/man5/shadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+.\" $Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 \- 1990, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.TH SHADOW 5
+.SH NOME
+shadow \- arquivo de senhas criptografadas
+.SH DESCRIÇÃO
+.I shadow
+contém as informações de senhas criptografadas  das contas dos usuários e opcionalmente a informação de idade da senha.
+Contém:
+.IP "" .5i
+Nome de acesso.
+.IP "" .5i
+Senha criptografada.
+.IP "" .5i
+Dias decorridos entre 1 de janeiro de 1970 e a última alteração da senha.
+.IP "" .5i
+Número de dias até que a senha deva ser alterada.
+.IP "" .5i
+Número de dias após o qual a senha deve ser alterada.
+.IP "" .5i
+Número de dias antes da expiração da senha no qual o usuário será avisado.
+.IP "" .5i
+Número de dias após a expiração da senha que a conta deve ser desabilitada.
+.IP "" .5i
+Dias decorridos entre 1 de janeiro de 1970 e a data em que a conta foi desabilitada.
+.IP "" .5i
+Campo reservado.
+.PP
+O campo senha deve ser preenchido. A senha criptografada consiste de 13 a 24 caracteres entre os 64 caracteres alfabéticos \- de a até z e de A até Z, além de 0 a 9, \. e /. Verifique em \fBcrypt\fR(3) por maiores detalhes de como esta cadeia de caracteres é interpretada.
+.PP
+A data da última mudança da senha é dada pelo número de dias desde 1 de janeiro de 1970. A senha não pode ser alterada novamente até que um determinado número de dias tenha se passado, e deve ser alterada após um número máximo de dias. Se o número mínimo de dias for maior que o número máximo, a senha não pode ser alterada pelo usuário.
+.PP
+uma conta é considerada inativa e desabilitada se a senha não foi alterada dentro de um determinado número de dias após a expiração das senhas. Uma conta poderá ser desabilitada ainda no dia especificado, independentemente de qualquer informação de expiração da senha.
+.PP
+Esta informação sobrepõe\-se a qualquer senha ou idade de senha presente no arquivo.
+.PP
+Este arquivo não poderá ser acessado por usuários comuns, caso deseje manter a segurança das senhas.
+.SH ARQUIVOS
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR	\- informações das contas de usuários
+.br
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR	\- senhas de usuários criptografadas
+.SH VEJA TAMBÉM
+.BR chage (1),
+.BR login (1),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR su (1),
+.BR shadow (3),
+.BR passwd (5),
+.BR pwconv (8),
+.BR pwunconv (8),
+.BR sulogin (8)
+.SH AUTOR
+Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)
+.SH TRADUÇÃO E REVISÃO PARA A LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
+Sandro Nunes Henrique <sandro@conectiva.com.br> (tradução)
+Rodrigo Stulzer Lopes <rodrigo@conectiva.com.br> (revisão)
diff --git a/man/pt_BR/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/pt_BR/man8/groupadd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ac0303
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pt_BR/man8/groupadd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+.\" Copyright 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Todos os direitos reservados.
+.\"
+.\" É permitida a confecção e distribuição deste manual, devidamente
+.\" acompanhado dos avisos de direitos autorais e desta permissão
+.\" em todas as cópias.
+.\"
+.\" É permitida a cópia e distribuição de versões modificadas deste manual
+.\" sob as condições acima, e que todo o trabalho derivado seja distribuído
+.\" sob  as mesmas condições deste manual.
+.\" 
+.\" Uma vez que o kernel do Linux e suas bibliotecas estão constantemente
+.\" mudando, esta página de manual poderá estar incorreta ou desatualizada.
+.\" O(s) autor(es) não assumem responsabilidade por erros ou omissões, 
+.\" ou por danos resultantes do uso das informações aqui contidas. 
+.\"
+.\" Versões formatadas ou processadas deste manual, desacompanhadas dos
+.\" fontes, devem conter a autorização e os direitos autorais dos autores do
+.\" trabalho.
+.\"
+.\" Você deve receber uma cópia da Licença Pública GNU
+.\" junto com este manual; caso contrário, escreva para a Free Software
+.\" Foundation, Inc., 675 mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ou
+.\" em português na Conectiva Informática Ltda. \- http://www.conectiva.com.br
+.\"
+.\"
+.\"
+.\"	$Id$
+.\"
+.TH GROUPADD 8
+.SH NOME
+groupadd \- Criar um novo grupo
+.SH SINOPSE
+\fBgroupadd\fR [\fB\-g\fR \fIgid\fR [\fB\-o\fR]] [\fB\-f\fR] \fIgrupo\fR
+.SH DESCRIÇÃO
+O comando \fBgroupadd\fR cria um novo grupo usando valores especificados na
+linha de comando e os valores padrões do sistema. O novo grupo será criado
+nos arquivos do sistema, conforme o requerido. As opções que aplicam\-se ao
+comando \fBgroupadd\fR são
+.IP \fB\-f\fR
+Este é o indicador \fIforce\fR . Ele não irá parar o processamento do
+\fBgroupadd\fR e não finalizará o programa, caso um grupo que esteja sendo
+criado já exista no sistema. Neste caso, o grupo não será alterado(ou
+adicionado novamente).
+.IP "\fB\-g \fIgid\fR"
+A identificação numérica do grupo é denominada ID. Este valor deve ser
+único, a menos que a opção \fB\-o\fR seja usada. O valor deve ser não
+negativo, e o padrão é o menor valor maior que 500 e o maior que qualquer
+outro grupo. Valores entre 0 e 999 são tipicamente reservados para \fIcontas
+do sistema\fR.
+.IP \fB\-r\fR
+Este indicador instrui \fBgroupadd\fR a adicionar uma  \fIconta do sistema
+\fR. A primeira identificação de grupo \fI(gid)\fR menor que 999 será
+automaticamente selecionada a menos que a opção \fB\-g\fR seja informada
+também.
+.BR
+Esta é uma informação disponibilizada pela Red Hat Software.
+.BR
+Esta opção também modifica o modo como a opção \fB\-g\fR funciona. Ao
+solicitar um \fIgid\fR que não seja único e ao não informar a opção
+\fB\-o\fR, a criação do grupo , a criação terá o comportamento padrão
+(adicionando um grupo como se as opções \fB\-g\fR ou \fB\-o\fR \fBnão\fR
+fossem especificadas).
+.BR
+.SH ARQUIVOS
+\fI/etc/group\fR \- informações sobre o grupo
+.br
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- informações seguras sobre o grupo
+.br
+.SH VEJA TAMBÉM
+.BR chfn (1),
+.BR chsh (1),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR groupdel (8),
+.BR groupmod (8),
+.BR useradd (8),
+.BR userdel (8),
+.BR usermod (8)
+.SH AUTOR
+Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)
+.SH TRADUÇÃO E REVISÃO PARA A LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
+Sandro Nunes Henrique <sandro@conectiva.com.br> (tradução)
+Rodrigo Stulzer Lopes <rodrigo@conectiva.com.br> (revisão)
diff --git a/man/pt_BR/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/pt_BR/man8/groupdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61292e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pt_BR/man8/groupdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+.\" Copyright 1991 \- 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Todos os direitos reservados.
+.\"
+.\" É permitida a confecção e distribuição deste manual, devidamente
+.\" acompanhado dos avisos de direitos autorais e desta permissão
+.\" em todas as cópias.
+.\"
+.\" É permitida a cópia e distribuição de versões modificadas deste manual
+.\" sob as condições acima, e que todo o trabalho derivado seja distribuído
+.\" sob  as mesmas condições deste manual.
+.\" 
+.\" Uma vez que o kernel do Linux e suas bibliotecas estão constantemente
+.\" mudando, esta página de manual poderá estar incorreta ou desatualizada.
+.\" O(s) autor(es) não assumem responsabilidade por erros ou omissões, 
+.\" ou por danos resultantes do uso das informações aqui contidas. 
+.\"
+.\" Versões formatadas ou processadas deste manual, desacompanhadas dos
+.\" fontes, devem conter a autorização e os direitos autorais dos autores do
+.\" trabalho.
+.\"
+.\" Você deve receber uma cópia da Licença Pública GNU
+.\" junto com este manual; caso contrário, escreva para a Free Software
+.\" Foundation, Inc., 675 mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ou
+.\" em português na Conectiva Informática Ltda. \- http://www.conectiva.com.br.\"
+.\"
+.\"	$Id$
+.\"
+.TH GROUPDEL 8
+.SH NOME
+groupdel \- Apaga um grupo
+.SH SINOPSE
+.B groupdel
+.I grupo
+.SH DESCRIÇÃO
+O comando \fBgroupdel\fR modifica os arquivos de contas do sistema, apagando todas as referências ao \fIgrupo\fR. O grupo a ser apagado deve existir.
+.PP
+Deve\-se manualmente checar os sistemas de arquivos para garantir que nenhum dos arquivos permanece com o grupo ou com a sua identificação.
+.SH DICAS
+Não se deve remover o grupo primário de um grupo existente. Deve\-se remover os usuários, antes de se remover o grupo.
+.SH ARQUIVOS
+\fI/etc/group\fR \- informações do grupo
+.br
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- informações seguras do grupo
+.SH VEJA TAMBÉM
+.BR chfn (1),
+.BR chsh (1),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR groupadd (8),
+.BR groupmod (8),
+.BR useradd (8),
+.BR userdel (8),
+.BR usermod (8)
+.SH AUTOR
+Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)
+.SH TRADUÇÃO E REVISÃO PARA A LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
+Sandro Nunes Henrique <sandro@conectiva.com.br> (tradução)
+Rodrigo Stulzer Lopes <rodrigo@conectiva.com.br> (revisão)
diff --git a/man/pt_BR/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/pt_BR/man8/groupmod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fec97d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pt_BR/man8/groupmod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+.\"	$Id$
+.\" Copyright 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Todos os direitos reservados.
+.\"
+.\" É permitida a confecção e distribuição deste manual, devidamente
+.\" acompanhado dos avisos de direitos autorais e desta permissão
+.\" em todas as cópias.
+.\"
+.\" É permitida a cópia e distribuição de versões modificadas deste manual
+.\" sob as condições acima, e que todo o trabalho derivado seja distribuído
+.\" sob  as mesmas condições deste manual.
+.\" 
+.\" Uma vez que o kernel do Linux e suas bibliotecas estão constantemente
+.\" mudando, esta página de manual poderá estar incorreta ou desatualizada.
+.\" O(s) autor(es) não assumem responsabilidade por erros ou omissões, 
+.\" ou por danos resultantes do uso das informações aqui contidas. 
+.\"
+.\" Versões formatadas ou processadas deste manual, desacompanhadas dos
+.\" fontes, devem conter a autorização e os direitos autorais dos autores do
+.\" trabalho.
+.\"
+.\" Você deve receber uma cópia da Licença Pública GNU
+.\" junto com este manual; caso contrário, escreva para a Free Software
+.\" Foundation, Inc., 675 mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ou
+.\" em português na Conectiva Informática Ltda. \- http://www.conectiva.com.br
+.TH GROUPMOD 8
+.SH NOME
+groupmod \- Modifica um grupo
+.SH SINOPSE
+\fBgroupmod\fR [\fB\-g\fR \fIgid\fR [\fB\-o\fR]] [\fB\-n\fR \fInome_grupo\fR] \fIgrupo\fR
+.SH DESCRIÇÃO
+O comando \fBgroupmod\fR modifica os arquivos de contas do sistema para as
+novas configuraXXes informadas na linha de comando. As opXXes que aplicam\-se
+ao comando \fIgroupmod\fR sXo:
+.IP "\fB\-g\fR \fIgid\fR"
+O valor numXrico de identificaXXo do grupo X denominada GID. Este valor deve
+ser Xnico, a menos que a opXXo \fB\-o\fR seja usada. O valor dever ser nXo
+negativo. Valores entre 0 e 999 sXo tipicamente reservados para grupos do
+sistema. Quaisquer arquivos com uma identificaXXo antiga de grupo devem ter
+o ID mudado manualmente.
+.IP "\fB\-n\fR \fInome_grupo\fR"
+O nome do grupo irá ser alterado de \fIgroup\fR para
+\fInome_grupo\fR.
+.SH ARQUIVOS
+\fI/etc/group\fR	\- Informações do grupo
+.br
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR	\- informações seguras do grupo
+.SH VEJA TAMBÉM
+.BR chfn (1),
+.BR chsh (1),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR groupadd (8),
+.BR groupdel (8),
+.BR useradd (8),
+.BR userdel (8),
+.BR usermod (8)
+.SH AUTOR
+Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)
+.SH TRADUÇÃO E REVISÃO PARA A LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
+Sandro Nunes Henrique <sandro@conectiva.com.br> (tradução)
+Rodrigo Stulzer Lopes <rodrigo@conectiva.com.br> (revisão)
diff --git a/man/pwck.8.xml b/man/pwck.8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4eb820d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pwck.8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1992       , Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY NONEXISTENT           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/NONEXISTENT.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_MAX_DAYS         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_MIN_DAYS         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_WARN_AGE         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_WARN_AGE.xml">
+<!ENTITY TCB_AUTH_GROUP        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TCB_AUTH_GROUP.xml">
+<!ENTITY TCB_SYMLINKS          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TCB_SYMLINKS.xml">
+<!ENTITY USE_TCB               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='pwck.8'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1992</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>pwck</refname>
+    <refpurpose>verify the integrity of password files</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+  <!-- body begins here -->
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>pwck</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>options</arg>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<arg choice='plain'>
+	  <replaceable>PASSWORDFILE</replaceable>
+	</arg>
+	<arg choice='opt'>
+	  <arg choice='plain'>
+	    <replaceable>SHADOWFILE</replaceable>
+	  </arg>
+	</arg>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>pwck</command> command verifies the integrity of the
+      users and authentication information. It checks that all entries in
+      <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>
+      <phrase condition="tcb">(or the files in
+      <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>, when <option>USE_TCB</option> is
+      enabled)</phrase>
+      have the proper format and contain valid data.
+      The user is prompted to delete entries that are
+      improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>Checks are made to verify that each entry has:</para>
+    <itemizedlist mark='bullet'>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>the correct number of fields</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>a unique and valid user name</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>a valid user and group identifier</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>a valid primary group</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para> a valid home directory</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>a valid login shell</para>
+      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+
+    <para>
+      Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second
+      file parameter <replaceable>SHADOWFILE</replaceable> is specified or
+      when <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> exists on the system.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      These checks are the following:
+    </para>
+    <itemizedlist mark='bullet'>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>
+	  every passwd entry has a matching shadow entry, and every shadow
+	  entry has a matching passwd entry
+	</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>passwords are specified in the shadowed file</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>shadow entries have the correct number of fields</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>shadow entries are unique in shadow</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>the last password changes are not in the future</para>
+      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+
+    <para>
+      The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are
+      fatal. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be
+      prompted to delete the entire line. If the user does not answer
+      affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed. An entry with a
+      duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining
+      checks will still be made. All other errors are warnings and the user
+      is encouraged to run the <command>usermod</command> command to correct
+      the error.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      The commands which operate on the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>
+      file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries.
+      <command>pwck</command> should be used in those circumstances to
+      remove the offending entry.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The <option>-r</option> and <option>-s</option> options cannot be
+      combined.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>pwck</command> command are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>--badname</option>&nbsp;
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+        Allow names that do not conform to standards.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Report errors only. The warnings which do not require any
+	    action from the user won't be displayed.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-r</option>, <option>--read-only</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Execute the <command>pwck</command> command in read-only mode.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-s</option>, <option>--sort</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Sort entries in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
+	    <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> by UID.
+	  </para>
+	  <para condition="tcb">
+	    This option has no effect when <option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+
+    <para>
+      By default, <command>pwck</command> operates on the files
+      <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
+      <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase condition="tcb"> (or the
+      files in <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>)</phrase>.
+      The user may select alternate files with the
+      <replaceable>passwd</replaceable> and
+      <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> parameters.
+    </para>
+    <para condition="tcb">
+      Note that when <option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled, you cannot
+      specify an alternative <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> file. In
+      future releases, this parameter could be replaced by an alternate
+      TCB directory.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &NONEXISTENT;
+      &PASS_MAX_DAYS;
+      &PASS_MIN_DAYS;
+      &PASS_WARN_AGE;
+      &TCB_AUTH_GROUP;
+      &TCB_SYMLINKS;
+      &USE_TCB;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure user account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='exit_values'>
+    <title>EXIT VALUES</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>pwck</command> command exits with the following values:
+      <variablelist>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>0</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>success</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>1</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>invalid command syntax</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>2</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>one or more bad password entries</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>3</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>can't open password files</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>4</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>can't lock password files</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>5</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>can't update password files</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>6</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>can't sort password files</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/pwconv.8.xml b/man/pwconv.8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb712fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pwconv.8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1996 - 1998, Marek Michałkiewicz
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2000 - 2006, Tomasz Kłoczko
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_MAX_DAYS         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_MIN_DAYS         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_WARN_AGE         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_WARN_AGE.xml">
+<!ENTITY USE_TCB               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='pwconv.8'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Marek</firstname>
+      <surname>Michałkiewicz</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1996</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>pwconv</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>pwconv</refname>
+    <refname>pwunconv</refname>
+    <refname>grpconv</refname>
+    <refname>grpunconv</refname>
+    <refpurpose>convert to and from shadow passwords and groups</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>pwconv</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+        <replaceable>options</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>pwunconv</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+        <replaceable>options</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>grpconv</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+        <replaceable>options</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>grpunconv</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+        <replaceable>options</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>pwconv</command> command creates <emphasis
+      remap='I'>shadow</emphasis> from <emphasis remap='I'>passwd</emphasis>
+      and an optionally existing <emphasis remap='I'>shadow</emphasis>.
+    </para>
+    <para condition="tcb">
+      <command>pwconv</command> does not work with
+      <option>USE_TCB</option> enabled. To convert to tcb passwords, you
+      should first use <command>pwconv</command> to convert to shadowed
+      passwords by disabling <option>USE_TCB</option> in
+      <filename>login.defs</filename> and then convert to tcb password
+      using <command>tcb_convert</command> (and re-enable
+      <option>USE_TCB</option> in <filename>login.defs</filename>.)
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      The <command>pwunconv</command> command creates <emphasis
+      remap='I'>passwd</emphasis> from <emphasis remap='I'>passwd</emphasis>
+      and <emphasis remap='I'>shadow</emphasis> and then removes <emphasis
+      remap='I'>shadow</emphasis>.
+    </para>
+    <para condition="tcb">
+      <command>pwunconv</command> does not work with
+      <option>USE_TCB</option> enabled. You should first switch back from
+      tcb to shadowed passwords using <command>tcb_unconvert</command>,
+      and then disable <option>USE_TCB</option> in
+      <filename>login.defs</filename> before using
+      <command>pwunconv</command>.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      The <command>grpconv</command> command creates <emphasis
+      remap='I'>gshadow</emphasis> from <emphasis remap='I'>group</emphasis>
+      and an optionally existing <emphasis remap='I'>gshadow</emphasis>.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      The <command>grpunconv</command> command creates <emphasis
+      remap='I'>group</emphasis> from <emphasis remap='I'>group</emphasis>
+      and <emphasis remap='I'>gshadow</emphasis> and then removes <emphasis
+      remap='I'>gshadow</emphasis>.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and
+      group files: <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>,
+      <filename>/etc/group</filename>, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>, and
+      <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. 
+      <command>pwconv</command> and <command>grpconv</command> are similar. 
+      First, entries in the shadowed file which don't exist in the main file
+      are removed. Then, shadowed entries which don't have `x' as the
+      password in the main file are updated. Any missing shadowed entries
+      are added. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x'. 
+      These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update
+      the shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      <command>pwconv</command> will use the values of <emphasis
+      remap='I'>PASS_MIN_DAYS</emphasis>, <emphasis
+      remap='I'>PASS_MAX_DAYS</emphasis>, and <emphasis
+      remap='I'>PASS_WARN_AGE</emphasis> from
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> when adding new entries to
+      <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      Likewise <command>pwunconv</command> and <command>grpunconv</command>
+      are similar. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed
+      file. Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed
+      file are left alone. Finally, the shadowed file is removed. Some
+      password aging information is lost by <command>pwunconv</command>. It
+      will convert what it can.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>pwconv</command>,
+      <command>pwunconv</command>, <command>grpconv</command>, and
+      <command>grpunconv</command> commands are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='bugs'>
+    <title>BUGS</title>
+    <para>
+      Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate
+      entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other
+      strange ways. Please run <command>pwck</command> and
+      <command>grpck</command> to correct any such errors before converting
+      to or from shadow passwords or groups.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variable in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> changes the behavior of
+      <command>grpconv</command> and <command>grpunconv</command>:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
+    </variablelist>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of
+      <command>pwconv</command>:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &PASS_MAX_DAYS;
+      &PASS_MIN_DAYS;
+      &PASS_WARN_AGE;
+      &USE_TCB;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry><phrase condition="tcb">,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>tcb_convert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>tcb_unconvert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry></phrase>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/ru/Makefile.am b/man/ru/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a776a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+
+mandir = @mandir@/ru
+
+man_MANS = \
+	man1/chage.1 \
+	man1/chfn.1 \
+	man8/chgpasswd.8 \
+	man8/chpasswd.8 \
+	man1/chsh.1 \
+	man1/expiry.1 \
+	man5/faillog.5 \
+	man8/faillog.8 \
+	man3/getspnam.3 \
+	man1/gpasswd.1 \
+	man8/groupadd.8 \
+	man8/groupdel.8 \
+	man8/groupmems.8 \
+	man8/groupmod.8 \
+	man1/groups.1 \
+	man8/grpck.8 \
+	man8/grpconv.8 \
+	man8/grpunconv.8 \
+	man5/gshadow.5 \
+	man8/lastlog.8 \
+	man1/login.1 \
+	man5/login.defs.5 \
+	man8/logoutd.8 \
+	man1/newgrp.1 \
+	man8/newusers.8 \
+	man8/nologin.8 \
+	man1/passwd.1 \
+	man5/passwd.5 \
+	man8/pwck.8 \
+	man8/pwconv.8 \
+	man8/pwunconv.8 \
+	man1/sg.1 \
+	man3/shadow.3 \
+	man5/shadow.5 \
+	man1/su.1 \
+	man5/suauth.5 \
+	man8/useradd.8 \
+	man8/userdel.8 \
+	man8/usermod.8 \
+	man8/vigr.8 \
+	man8/vipw.8
+
+man_nopam = \
+	man5/limits.5 \
+	man5/login.access.5 \
+	man5/porttime.5
+
+if !USE_PAM
+man_MANS += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+EXTRA_DIST = \
+	$(man_MANS) \
+	man1/id.1 \
+	man8/sulogin.8
+
+if USE_PAM
+EXTRA_DIST += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+include ../generate_translations.mak
+
diff --git a/man/ru/Makefile.in b/man/ru/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbdffd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,787 @@
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+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	cp ../config.xml $@
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@messages.mo: ../po/$(LANG).po
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	msgfmt ../po/$(LANG).po -o messages.mo
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@login.defs.d:
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	ln -sf ../login.defs.d login.defs.d
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@%.xml: ../%.xml messages.mo login.defs.d
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	if grep -q SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE $< ; then \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	    sed -e 's/^<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->/<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	else \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	    sed -e 's/^\(<!DOCTYPE .*docbookx.dtd"\)>/\1 [<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;]>/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	fi
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	itstool -d -l $(LANG) -m messages.mo -o . $@
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	sed -i 's:\(^<refentry .*\)>:\1 lang="$(LANG)">:' $@
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@%.xml-config: %.xml
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	if grep -q SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE $<; then \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@		sed -e 's/^<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->/<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	else \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@		sed -e 's/^\(<!DOCTYPE .*docbookx.dtd"\)>/\1 [<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;]>/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	fi
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man1/% man3/% man5/% man8/%: %.xml-config Makefile config.xml
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	$(XSLTPROC) --stringparam profile.condition "$(PAM_COND);$(SHADOWGRP_COND);$(TCB_COND);$(SHA_CRYPT_COND);$(SUBIDS_COND)" \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	            --param "man.authors.section.enabled" "0" \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	            --stringparam "man.output.base.dir" "" \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	            --param "man.output.in.separate.dir" "1" \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	            -nonet http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/manpages/profile-docbook.xsl $<
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@clean-local:
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	rm -rf man1 man3 man5 man8
+
+#$(man_MANS):
+#	@echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man8/grpconv.8 man8/grpunconv.8 man8/pwunconv.8: man8/pwconv.8
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man3/getspnam.3: man3/shadow.3
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man8/vigr.8: man8/vipw.8
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@$(man_MANS):
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@	@echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages
+
+# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
+# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
+.NOEXPORT:
diff --git a/man/ru/man1/chage.1 b/man/ru/man1/chage.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49be778
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man1/chage.1
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chage
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Пользовательские команды
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "chage" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+chage \- изменяет информацию об устаревании пароля пользователя
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBchage\fR\ 'u
+\fBchage\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] \fIУЧЁТНАЯ_ЗАПИСЬ\fR
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change\&. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchage\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-lastday\fR\ \&\fILAST_DAY\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last changed\&. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY\-MM\-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)\&. If the
+\fILAST_DAY\fR
+is set to
+\fI0\fR
+the user is forced to change his password on the next log on\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+Установить дату устаревания учётной записи пользователя, которая задаётся числом дней прошедших с 1 января 1970 года\&. Дата может быть также задана в виде ГГГГ\-ММ\-ДД (или в форме согласно региональным настройкам)\&. Пользователь, чья учётная запись была заблокирована, должен обратиться к системному администратору, если хочет в дальнейшем работать с системой\&.
+.sp
+For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 days:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+	    chage \-E $(date \-d +180days +%Y\-%m\-%d)
+	  
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+will remove an account expiration date\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-iso8601\fR
+.RS 4
+When printing dates, use YYYY\-MM\-DD format\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked\&. The
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+option is the number of days of inactivity\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as the
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+will remove an account\*(Aqs inactivity\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать информацию об устаревании учётной записи\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
+\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid\&. When
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+plus
+\fILAST_DAY\fR
+is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account\&. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the
+\fB\-W\fR
+option, which provides the user with advance warning\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The
+\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If none of the options are selected,
+\fBchage\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of
+\fI[ ]\fR
+marks\&.
+.SH "ЗАМЕЧАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+program requires a shadow password file to be available\&.
+.PP
+The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password file\&. This implies that configuration from other sources (e\&.g\&. LDAP or empty password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user\*(Aqs login will not be shown in the chage output\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+program will also not report any inconsistency between the shadow and passwd files (e\&.g\&. missing x in the passwd file)\&. The
+\fBpwck\fR
+can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command is restricted to the root user, except for the
+\fB\-l\fR
+option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire\&.
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+permission denied
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI15\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt find the shadow password file
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man1/chfn.1 b/man/ru/man1/chfn.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98d1cf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man1/chfn.1
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chfn
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Пользовательские команды
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "chfn" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+chfn \- изменяет информацию о пользователе
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBchfn\fR\ 'u
+\fBchfn\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] [\fIУЧЁТНАЯ_ЗАПИСЬ\fR]
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchfn\fR
+command changes user fullname, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a user\*(Aqs account\&. This information is typically printed by
+\fBfinger\fR(1)
+and similar programs\&. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&. (The default configuration is to prevent users from changing their fullname\&.) The superuser may change any field for any account\&. Additionally, only the superuser may use the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field\&.
+.PP
+These fields must not contain any colons\&. Except for the
+\fIother\fR
+field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign\&. It is also recommended to avoid non\-US\-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone numbers\&. The
+\fIother\fR
+field is used to store accounting information used by other applications\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchfn\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-full\-name\fR\ \&\fIFULL_NAME\fR
+.RS 4
+Изменяет ФИО пользователя\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-home\-phone\fR\ \&\fIHOME_PHONE\fR
+.RS 4
+Изменяет номер домашнего телефона пользователя\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-other\fR\ \&\fIOTHER\fR
+.RS 4
+Изменяет другую информацию GECOS о пользователе\&. Эта часть используется для хранения информации об учётной записи, используемой другими приложениями, и может изменяться только суперпользователем\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-room\fR\ \&\fIROOM_NUMBER\fR
+.RS 4
+Изменяет номер комнаты пользователя\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-work\-phone\fR\ \&\fIWORK_PHONE\fR
+.RS 4
+Изменяет номер рабочего телефона пользователя\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If none of the options are selected,
+\fBchfn\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of
+\fB[ ]\fR
+marks\&. Without options,
+\fBchfn\fR
+prompts for the current user account\&.
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man1/chsh.1 b/man/ru/man1/chsh.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8f2743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man1/chsh.1
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chsh
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Пользовательские команды
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "chsh" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+chsh \- изменяет регистрационную оболочку пользователя
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBchsh\fR\ 'u
+\fBchsh\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] [\fIУЧЁТНАЯ_ЗАПИСЬ\fR]
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchsh\fR
+command changes the user login shell\&. This determines the name of the user\*(Aqs initial login command\&. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchsh\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+Имя новой регистрационной оболочки пользователя\&. Если задать пустое значение, то будет использована регистрационная оболочка по умолчанию\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If the
+\fB\-s\fR
+option is not selected,
+\fBchsh\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell\&. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one\&. The current shell is displayed between a pair of
+\fI[ ]\fR
+marks\&.
+.SH "ЗАМЕЧАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must be listed in
+/etc/shells, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added\&. An account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell\&. For this reason, placing
+/bin/rsh
+in
+/etc/shells
+is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value\&.
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shells
+.RS 4
+содержит список разрешённых регистрационных оболочек
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man1/expiry.1 b/man/ru/man1/expiry.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..697ee41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man1/expiry.1
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: expiry
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Пользовательские команды
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "expiry" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+expiry \- проверяет и изменяет пароль согласно политике устаревания
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBexpiry\fR\ 'u
+\fBexpiry\fR \fIпараметр\fR
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBexpiry\fR
+command checks (\fB\-c\fR) the current password expiration and forces (\fB\-f\fR) changes when required\&. It is callable as a normal user command\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBexpiry\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR
+.RS 4
+Проверяет и изменяет срок действия пароля у текущего пользователя\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+Принудительно меняет пароль, если его срок действия истёк\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/ru/man1/gpasswd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8c9402
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man1/gpasswd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: gpasswd
+.\"    Author: Rafal Maszkowski
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Пользовательские команды
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "gpasswd" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+gpasswd \- administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBgpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBgpasswd\fR [\fIпараметр\fR] \fIгруппа\fR
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+command is used to administer
+/etc/group, and /etc/gshadow\&. Every group can have
+administrators,
+members and a password\&.
+.PP
+System administrators can use the
+\fB\-A\fR
+option to define group administrator(s) and the
+\fB\-M\fR
+option to define members\&. They have all rights of group administrators and members\&.
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+called by
+a group administrator
+with a group name only prompts for the new password of the
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.PP
+If a password is set the members can still use
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1)
+without a password, and non\-members must supply the password\&.
+.SS "Замечания о паролях групп"
+.PP
+Пароли групп имеют врождённую проблему с безопасностью, так как пароль знает более одного человека\&. Однако, группы являются полезным инструментом совместной работы различных пользователей\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+Except for the
+\fB\-A\fR
+and
+\fB\-M\fR
+options, the options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR
+.RS 4
+Add the
+\fIuser\fR
+to the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the
+\fIuser\fR
+from the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\-password\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the password from the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password will be empty\&. Only group members will be allowed to use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+to join the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-restrict\fR
+.RS 4
+Restrict the access to the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password is set to "!"\&. Only group members with a password will be allowed to use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+to join the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-administrators\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&.
+.RS 4
+Задать список администраторов группы\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-members\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&.
+.RS 4
+Задать список членов группы\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+This tool only operates on the
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow files\&.
+Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&.
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о группах
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man1/groups.1 b/man/ru/man1/groups.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ab2ded
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man1/groups.1
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groups
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Пользовательские команды
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "groups" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+groups \- показывает имена групп запустившего программу пользователя
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBgroups\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroups\fR [\fIимя\fR]
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroups\fR
+command displays the current group names or ID values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value\&. The optional
+\fIuser\fR
+parameter will display the groups for the named user\&.
+.SH "ЗАМЕЧАНИЕ"
+.PP
+Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)) will have the information from
+/etc/group
+reported\&. The user must use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+or
+\fBsg\fR
+to change his current real and effective group ID\&.
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о группах
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man1/id.1 b/man/ru/man1/id.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ce055b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man1/id.1
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: id
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Пользовательские команды
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "id" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+id \- display current user and group ID names
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBid\fR\ 'u
+\fBid\fR [\-a]
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBid\fR
+command displays the current real and effective user and group ID names or values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/passwd
+or
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed without the corresponding name\&. The optional
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag will display the group set on systems which support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3))\&.
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)
diff --git a/man/ru/man1/login.1 b/man/ru/man1/login.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65229c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man1/login.1
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Пользовательские команды
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "login" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+login \- начинает сеанс в системе
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] [\fIимя_пользователя\fR] [\fIПЕРЕМЕННАЯ_ОКРУЖЕНИЯ=ЗНАЧЕНИЕ\fR...]
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] \-f \fIимя_пользователя\fR
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] \-r\ \fIhost\fR
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is used to establish a new session with the system\&. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the
+\fIlogin:\fR
+prompt on the user\*(Aqs terminal\&.
+\fBlogin\fR
+may be special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub\-process\&. When called from a shell,
+\fBlogin\fR
+should be executed as
+\fBexec login\fR
+which will cause the user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of the caller)\&. Attempting to execute
+\fBlogin\fR
+from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message\&.
+.PP
+The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate\&. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password\&. Only a small number of password failures are permitted before
+\fBlogin\fR
+exits and the communications link is severed\&.
+.PP
+If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for a new password before proceeding\&. You will be forced to provide your old password and the new password before continuing\&. Please refer to
+\fBpasswd\fR(1)
+for more information\&.
+.PP
+After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and the presence of mail\&. You may turn off the printing of the system message file,
+/etc/motd, by creating a zero\-length file
+\&.hushlogin
+in your login directory\&. The mail message will be one of "\fIYou have new mail\&.\fR", "\fIYou have mail\&.\fR", or "\fINo Mail\&.\fR" according to the condition of your mailbox\&.
+.PP
+Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the
+/etc/passwd
+file\&. The value for
+\fB$HOME\fR,
+\fB$SHELL\fR,
+\fB$PATH\fR,
+\fB$LOGNAME\fR, and
+\fB$MAIL\fR
+are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry\&. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field\&.
+.PP
+On some installations, the environmental variable
+\fB$TERM\fR
+will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in
+/etc/ttytype\&.
+.PP
+Также может быть выполнен сценарий инициализации пользовательского интерпретатора команд\&. Подробней об этой функции смотрите соответствующую справочную страницу\&.
+.PP
+Субсистемный вход в систему можно распознать по наличию символа \(Fo*\(Fc в начале регистрационной оболочки\&. Заданный домашний каталог будет использован как корень новой файловой системы, в которой регистрируется пользователь\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of
+\fBgetty\fR(8)
+and
+\fBinit\fR(8)
+to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use
+\fBlogin\fR
+from the shell prompt without
+\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR
+.RS 4
+Не выполнять аутентификацию, пользователь уже прошёл проверку\&.
+.sp
+Note: In that case,
+\fIusername\fR
+is mandatory\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR
+.RS 4
+Имя удалённого узла, на который нужно войти\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR
+.RS 4
+Сохранить окружение\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR
+.RS 4
+Выполнить протокол autologin для rlogin\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR,
+\fB\-h\fR
+and
+\fB\-f\fR
+options are only used when
+\fBlogin\fR
+is invoked by root\&.
+.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+This version of
+\fBlogin\fR
+has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&.
+.PP
+Расположение файлов может отличаться на разных системах\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of
+\fBgetty\fR(8)
+and
+\fBinit\fR(8)
+to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use
+\fBlogin\fR
+from the shell prompt without
+\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&.
+.PP
+As with any program,
+\fBlogin\fR\*(Aqs appearance can be faked\&. If non\-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the machine\&. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack\&.
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/var/run/utmp
+.RS 4
+содержит список работающих сеансов в системе
+.RE
+.PP
+/var/log/wtmp
+.RS 4
+содержит список завершённых сеансов работы с системой
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/motd
+.RS 4
+содержит системные сообщения за день
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/nologin
+.RS 4
+при существовании файла блокируется доступ в систему обычным пользователям
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/ttytype
+.RS 4
+содержит список типов терминалов
+.RE
+.PP
+$HOME/\&.hushlogin
+.RS 4
+при существовании файла системные сообщения при входе в систему не выводятся
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBmail\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnologin\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBsecuretty\fR(5),
+\fBgetty\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/ru/man1/newgrp.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2af3bde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man1/newgrp.1
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newgrp
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Пользовательские команды
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "newgrp" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+newgrp \- выполняет регистрацию пользователя в новой группе
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBnewgrp\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewgrp\fR [\-] [\fIгруппа\fR]
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+command is used to change the current group ID during a login session\&. If the optional
+\fB\-\fR
+flag is given, the user\*(Aqs environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged\&.
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in
+/etc/passwd
+if no group name is given\&.
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+also tries to add the group to the user groupset\&. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in
+/etc/shadow
+if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in
+/etc/passwd
+otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password\&. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member\&.
+.PP
+If there is an entry for this group in
+/etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in
+/etc/group
+is considered\&.
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о группах
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsg\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man1/passwd.1 b/man/ru/man1/passwd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8224852
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man1/passwd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: passwd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Пользовательские команды
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "passwd" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+passwd \- изменяет пароль пользователя
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBpasswd\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] [\fIУЧЁТНАЯ_ЗАПИСЬ\fR]
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command changes passwords for user accounts\&. A normal user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR
+also changes the account or associated password validity period\&.
+.SS "Изменение пароля"
+.PP
+Сначала пользователя попросят ввести старый пароль, если он был\&. Этот пароль зашифровывается и сравнивается с имеющимся\&. У пользователя есть только одна попытка ввести правильный пароль\&. Для суперпользователя этот шаг пропускается, для того чтобы можно было изменить забытый пароль\&.
+.PP
+After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time\&. If not,
+\fBpasswd\fR
+refuses to change the password and exits\&.
+.PP
+Затем пользователю предложат дважды ввести новый пароль\&. Значение второго ввода сравнивается с первым и для изменения пароли из обеих попыток должны совпасть\&.
+.PP
+Затем пароль тестируется на сложность подбора\&. Согласно общим принципам, пароли должны быть длиной от 6 до 8 символов и включать один или более символов каждого типа:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+строчные буквы
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+цифры от 0 до 9
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+знаки пунктуации
+.RE
+.PP
+Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill characters\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR
+will reject any password which is not suitably complex\&.
+.SS "Выбор пароля"
+.PP
+The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space\&. The legacy
+\fIUNIX\fR
+System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm\&. More recent methods are now recommended (see
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR)\&. The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected\&.
+.PP
+При обеспечении безопасности пароля выбирают нечто среднее между сложным паролем и сложностью работы с ним\&. По этой причине, вы не должны использовать пароль, который является словом из словаря или который придётся записать из\-за его сложности\&. Также, пароль не должен быть названием чего\-либо, номером вашей лицензии, днём рождения и домашним адресом\&. Обо всём этом легко догадаться, что приведёт к нарушению безопасности системы\&.
+.PP
+You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en\&.wikipedia\&.org/wiki/Password_strength
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+.RS 4
+This option can be used only with
+\fB\-S\fR
+and causes show status for all users\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR
+.RS 4
+Удалить пароль пользователя (сделать его пустым)\&. Это быстрый способ заблокировать пароль учётной записи\&. Это сделает указанную учётную запись беспарольной\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expire\fR
+.RS 4
+Немедленно сделать пароль устаревшим\&. В результате это заставит пользователя изменить пароль при следующем входе в систему\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+This option is used to disable an account after the password has been expired for a number of days\&. After a user account has had an expired password for
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+days, the user may no longer sign on to the account\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-tokens\fR
+.RS 4
+Указывает, что изменение пароля нужно выполнить только для устаревших ключей аутентификации (паролей)\&. Пользователи хотят оставить свои непросроченные ключи нетронутыми\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
+.RS 4
+Заблокировать пароль указанной учётной записи\&. Этот параметр блокирует пароль, изменяя его значение на вариант, который не может быть шифрованным паролем (добавляется символ \(Fo!\(Fc в начало пароля)\&.
+.sp
+Note that this does not disable the account\&. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e\&.g\&. an SSH key)\&. To disable the account, administrators should use
+\fBusermod \-\-expiredate 1\fR
+(this set the account\*(Aqs expire date to Jan 2, 1970)\&.
+.sp
+Посетитель с заблокированным паролем не может изменить свой пароль\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
+\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Не выводить сообщений при работе\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repository\fR\ \&\fIREPOSITORY\fR
+.RS 4
+change password in
+\fIREPOSITORY\fR
+repository
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-status\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать состояние учётной записи\&. Информация о состоянии содержит 7 полей\&. Первое поле содержит имя учётной записи\&. Второе поле указывает, заблокирован ли пароль учётной записи (L), она без пароля (NP) или у неё есть рабочий пароль (P)\&. Третье поле хранит дату последнего изменения пароля\&. В следующих четырёх полях хранятся минимальный срок, максимальный срок, период выдачи предупреждения и период неактивности пароля\&. Эти сроки измеряются в днях\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
+.RS 4
+Unlock the password of the named account\&. This option re\-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the
+\fB\-l\fR
+option)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The
+\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid\&. After
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR, the password is required to be changed\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+Сложность пароля проверяется на разных машинах по разному\&. Пользователю настоятельно рекомендуется выбирать пароль такой сложности, чтобы ему нормально работалось\&.
+.PP
+Пользователи не могут изменять свои пароли в системе, если включён NIS и они не вошли на сервер NIS\&.
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей
+.RE
+.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+permission denied
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid combination of options
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+unexpected failure, nothing done
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+unexpected failure,
+passwd
+file missing
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+passwd
+file busy, try again
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBchpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man1/sg.1 b/man/ru/man1/sg.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..532c615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man1/sg.1
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: sg
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Пользовательские команды
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "sg" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+sg \- выполняет команду с правами другой группы
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBsg\fR\ 'u
+\fBsg\fR [\-] [group\ [\-c\ ]\ command]
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsg\fR
+command works similar to
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+but accepts a command\&. The command will be executed with the
+/bin/sh
+shell\&. With most shells you may run
+\fBsg\fR
+from, you need to enclose multi\-word commands in quotes\&. Another difference between
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+and
+\fBsg\fR
+is that some shells treat
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+creates\&. This doesn\*(Aqt happen with
+\fBsg\fR, so upon exit from a
+\fBsg\fR
+command you are returned to your previous group ID\&.
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о группах
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man1/su.1 b/man/ru/man1/su.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17c6269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man1/su.1
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: su
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Пользовательские команды
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "su" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+su \- изменяет ID пользователя или делает его суперпользователем
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBsu\fR\ 'u
+\fBsu\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] [\fI\-\fR] [\fIимя_пользователя\fR\ [\ \fIargs\fR\ ]]
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsu\fR
+command is used to become another user during a login session\&. Invoked without a
+\fBusername\fR,
+\fBsu\fR
+defaults to becoming the superuser\&. The
+\fB\-\fR
+option may be used to provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly\&. The
+\fB\-c\fR
+option may be used to treat the next argument as a command by most shells\&.
+.PP
+Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list\&. You can use the
+\fB\-\-\fR
+argument to stop option parsing\&. The
+\fB\-\fR
+option is special: it is also recognized after
+\fB\-\-\fR, but has to be placed before
+\fBusername\fR\&.
+.PP
+Пользователю предложат ввести пароль, если он задан\&. При неверном пароле возникает сообщение об ошибке\&. Все попытки, удачные и неудачные, протоколируются системой с целью обнаружения злоупотреблений\&.
+.PP
+The current environment is passed to the new shell\&. The value of
+\fB$PATH\fR
+is reset to
+/bin:/usr/bin
+for normal users, or
+/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
+for the superuser\&. This may be changed with the
+\fBENV_PATH\fR
+and
+\fBENV_SUPATH\fR
+definitions in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.PP
+Субсистемный вход в систему можно распознать по наличию символа \(Fo*\(Fc в начале регистрационной оболочки\&. Заданный домашний каталог будет использован как корень новой файловой системы, в которой регистрируется пользователь\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBsu\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR\ \&\fICOMMAND\fR
+.RS 4
+Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its
+\fB\-c\fR\&.
+.sp
+The executed command will have no controlling terminal\&. This option cannot be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-\fR, \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR
+.RS 4
+Предоставляет окружение, как если бы пользователь непосредственно регистрировался в системе\&.
+.sp
+When
+\fB\-\fR
+is used, it must be specified before any
+\fBusername\fR\&. For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any
+\fBusername\fR\&. The other forms (\fB\-l\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-login\fR) do not have this restriction\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+Оболочка, которая будет запущена\&.
+.sp
+The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first):
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The shell specified with \-\-shell\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
+is used, the shell specified by the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environment variable\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The shell indicated in the
+/etc/passwd
+entry for the target user\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+/bin/sh
+if a shell could not be found by any above method\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+If the target user has a restricted shell (i\&.e\&. the shell field of this user\*(Aqs entry in
+/etc/passwd
+is not listed in
+/etc/shells), then the
+\fB\-\-shell\fR
+option or the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environment variable won\*(Aqt be taken into account, unless
+\fBsu\fR
+is called by root\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
+.RS 4
+Preserve the current environment, except for:
+.PP
+\fB$PATH\fR
+.RS 4
+reset according to the
+/etc/login\&.defs
+options
+\fBENV_PATH\fR
+or
+\fBENV_SUPATH\fR
+(see below);
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB$IFS\fR
+.RS 4
+reset to
+\(Fo<space><tab><newline>\(Fc, if it was set\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless
+\fBsu\fR
+is called by root)\&.
+.sp
+Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following:
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The
+\fB$HOME\fR,
+\fB$SHELL\fR,
+\fB$USER\fR,
+\fB$LOGNAME\fR,
+\fB$PATH\fR, and
+\fB$IFS\fR
+environment variables are reset\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is not used, the environment is copied, except for the variables above\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, the
+\fB$TERM\fR,
+\fB$COLORTERM\fR,
+\fB$DISPLAY\fR, and
+\fB$XAUTHORITY\fR
+environment variables are copied if they were set\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, the
+\fB$TZ\fR,
+\fB$HZ\fR, and
+\fB$MAIL\fR
+environment variables are set according to the
+/etc/login\&.defs
+options
+\fBENV_TZ\fR,
+\fBENV_HZ\fR,
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR, and
+\fBMAIL_FILE\fR
+(see below)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, other environment variables might be set by the
+\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR
+file (see below)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RE
+.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+This version of
+\fBsu\fR
+has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&.
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей
+.RE
+.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+On success,
+\fBsu\fR
+returns the exit value of the command it executed\&.
+.PP
+If this command was terminated by a signal,
+\fBsu\fR
+returns the number of this signal plus 128\&.
+.PP
+If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the command did not terminate in time),
+\fBsu\fR
+returns 255\&.
+.PP
+Some exit values from
+\fBsu\fR
+are independent from the executed command:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success (\fB\-\-help\fR
+only)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+System or authentication failure
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI126\fR
+.RS 4
+The requested command was not found
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI127\fR
+.RS 4
+The requested command could not be executed
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBsg\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man3/getspnam.3 b/man/ru/man3/getspnam.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd473da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man3/getspnam.3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man3/shadow.3
diff --git a/man/ru/man3/shadow.3 b/man/ru/man3/shadow.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c86e060
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man3/shadow.3
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: shadow
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Библиотечные функции
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "shadow" "3" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Библиотечные функции"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+shadow, getspnam \- процедуры для работы с файлом шифрованных паролей
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.PP
+\fI#include <shadow\&.h>\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *getspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *getspnam(char\fR
+\fI*name\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIvoid setspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIvoid endspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *fgetspent(FILE\fR
+\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *sgetspent(char\fR
+\fI*cp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIint putspent(struct spwd\fR
+\fI*p,\fR
+\fIФАЙЛ\fR
+\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIint lckpwdf();\fR
+.PP
+\fIint ulckpwdf();\fR
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+\fIshadow\fR
+manipulates the contents of the shadow password file,
+/etc/shadow\&. The structure in the
+\fI#include\fR
+file is:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct spwd {
+      char		*sp_namp; /* user login name */
+      char		*sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */
+      long int		sp_lstchg; /* last password change */
+      long int		sp_min; /* days until change allowed\&. */
+      long int		sp_max; /* days before change required */
+      long int		sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */
+      long int		sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */
+      long int		sp_expire; /* date when account expires */
+      unsigned long int	sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */
+}
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Значение каждого поля:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_namp \- указатель на строку с именем пользователя, завершающуюся нулевым символом
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_pwdp \- указатель на строку с паролем, завершающуюся нулевым символом
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_lstchg \- количество дней, когда был изменён пароль последний раз, начиная с 1 января 1970 года
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_min \- количество дней, когда можно не менять пароль
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_max \- количество дней, которое должно пройти, чтобы нужно было поменять пароль
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_warn \- количество дней, когда будет выдаваться предупреждение о скором устаревании пароля перед тем как пароль устареет
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_inact \- количество дней, которые должны пройти после устаревания пароля, когда начинать считать, что учётная запись неактивна и заблокирована
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_expire \- дней, после которых учётная запись будет заблокирована, начиная с 1 января 1970 года
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_flag \- зарезервировано
+.RE
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+\fIgetspent\fR,
+\fIgetspname\fR,
+\fIfgetspent\fR, and
+\fIsgetspent\fR
+each return a pointer to a
+\fIstruct spwd\fR\&.
+\fIgetspent\fR
+returns the next entry from the file, and
+\fIfgetspent\fR
+returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format\&.
+\fIsgetspent\fR
+returns a pointer to a
+\fIstruct spwd\fR
+using the provided string as input\&.
+\fIgetspnam\fR
+searches from the current position in the file for an entry matching
+\fIname\fR\&.
+.PP
+\fIsetspent\fR
+and
+\fIendspent\fR
+may be used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+and
+\fIulckpwdf\fR
+routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the
+/etc/shadow
+file\&.
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+attempts to acquire a lock using
+\fIpw_lock\fR
+for up to 15 seconds\&. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using
+\fIspw_lock\fR
+for the remainder of the initial 15 seconds\&. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds,
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+returns \-1\&. When both locks are acquired 0 is returned\&.
+.SH "ДИАГНОСТИКА"
+.PP
+Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing\&. Routines which have
+\fIint\fR
+as the return value return 0 for success and \-1 for failure\&.
+.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+Данные функции могут использоваться только суперпользователем, так как доступ к файлу теневых паролей ограничен\&.
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBgetpwent\fR(3),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man5/faillog.5 b/man/ru/man5/faillog.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c615de1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man5/faillog.5
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual:  File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "faillog" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuratio"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+faillog \- файл протокола неудачных попыток входа в систему
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account\&.
+.PP
+Этот файл состоит из записей постоянной длины, упорядоченных по числовому идентификатору учётной записи\&. Каждая запись содержит количество неудачных попыток входа с момента последнего успешного входа в систему, максимальное количество неудачных попыток перед тем как учётная запись будет заблокирована, терминал, с которого осуществлялась последняя неудачная попытка входа, дату этого события и интервал (в секундах) на сколько учётная запись будет заблокирована в случае неудачной попытки\&.
+.PP
+Структура файла:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct	faillog {
+	short   fail_cnt;
+	short   fail_max;
+	char    fail_line[12];
+	time_t  fail_time;
+	long    fail_locktime;
+};
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+журнал неудавшихся попыток входа в систему
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR(8)
diff --git a/man/ru/man5/gshadow.5 b/man/ru/man5/gshadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c012de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man5/gshadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: gshadow
+.\"    Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "gshadow" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+gshadow \- файл с защищаемой информацией о группах
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+contains the shadowed information for group accounts\&.
+.PP
+Этот файл должен быть недоступен обычному пользователю, если нужно обеспечить безопасность паролей\&.
+.PP
+Каждая строка файла содержит поля, отделёнными друг от друга двоеточием:
+.PP
+\fBимя группы\fR
+.RS 4
+Должно содержать правильное имя группы, которая существует в системе\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBшифрованный пароль\fR
+.RS 4
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.sp
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)\&.
+.sp
+The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1))\&.
+.sp
+Это поле может быть пустым; в этом случае только члены группы могут пользоваться правами группы\&.
+.sp
+A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&.
+.sp
+This password supersedes any password specified in
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBадминистраторы\fR
+.RS 4
+Список имён пользователей, перечисленных через запятую\&.
+.sp
+Администраторы могут менять пароль или членство в группе\&.
+.sp
+Администраторы также имеют те же права, что и члены группы (смотрите далее)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBчлены\fR
+.RS 4
+Список имён пользователей, перечисленных через запятую\&.
+.sp
+Члены могут иметь доступ к группе без ввода пароля\&.
+.sp
+You should use the same list of users as in
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о группах
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBgrpconv\fR(8),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man5/limits.5 b/man/ru/man5/limits.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9567b31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man5/limits.5
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: limits
+.\"    Author: Luca Berra
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "limits" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+limits \- файл контроля ресурсов
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fIlimits\fR
+file (/etc/limits
+by default or LIMITS_FILE defined
+config\&.h) describes the resource limits you wish to impose\&. It should be owned by root and readable by root account only\&.
+.PP
+По умолчанию учётная запись \(Foroot\(Fc ничем не ограничена\&. Фактически, никак нельзя установить ограничения с помощью этой процедуры на учётные записи, имеющие права суперпользователя (учётные записи с UID равным 0)\&.
+.PP
+Каждая строка описывает ограничение для одного пользователя имеет вид:
+.PP
+\fIuser СТРОКА_ОГРАНИЧЕНИЙ\fR
+.PP
+или в виде:
+.PP
+\fI@group СТРОКА_ОГРАНИЧЕНИЙ\fR
+.PP
+The
+\fILIMITS_STRING\fR
+is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits\&. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit\&.
+.PP
+Допустимые идентификаторы:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+A: максимальное адресное пространство (КБ)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+C: максимальный размер файла core (КБ)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+D: максимальный размер данных (КБ)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+F: maximum file size (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+K: file creation mask, set by
+\fBumask\fR(2)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+I: максимальное значение уступчивости (nice) (0\&.\&.39, преобразуемые в 20\&.\&.\-19)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+L: максимальное число возможных регистраций в системе этого пользователя
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+M: максимальное синхронизируемое адресное пространство памяти (КБ)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+N: максимальное число открытых файлов
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+O: максимальный приоритет реального времени
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+P: process priority, set by
+\fBsetpriority\fR(2)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+R: максимальный размер резидентного сегмента (КБ)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+S: максимальный размер стека (КБ)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+T: максимальное время использования процессора (минут)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+U: максимальное число процессов
+.RE
+.PP
+For example,
+\fIL2D2048N5\fR
+is a valid
+\fILIMITS_STRING\fR\&. For reading convenience, the following entries are equivalent:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      username L2D2048N5
+      username L2 D2048 N5
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Be aware that after
+\fIusername\fR
+the rest of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed\&. An invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the
+\fBlogin\fR
+program\&.
+.PP
+The default entry is denoted by username "\fI*\fR"\&. If you have multiple
+\fIdefault\fR
+entries in your
+\fILIMITS_FILE\fR, then the last one will be used as the default entry\&.
+.PP
+The limits specified in the form "\fI@group\fR" apply to the members of the specified
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.PP
+If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for this user will be considered\&.
+.PP
+If no lines are specified for a user, the last
+\fI@group\fR
+line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the user\&.
+.PP
+To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" will do\&.
+.PP
+To disable a limit for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit\&.
+.PP
+Также заметьте, что все настройки ограничений делаются ДЛЯ КОНКРЕТНОЙ УЧЁТНОЙ ЗАПИСИ\&. Они не являются глобальными и не постоянны\&. Возможно глобальные ограничения и появятся, но пока это только в планах ;)
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/limits
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsetpriority\fR(2),
+\fBsetrlimit\fR(2)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man5/login.access.5 b/man/ru/man5/login.access.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f7f7b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man5/login.access.5
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login.access
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "login\&.access" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+login.access \- файл контроля доступа в систему
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fIlogin\&.access\fR
+file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused\&.
+.PP
+When someone logs in, the
+\fIlogin\&.access\fR
+is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non\-networked logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination\&. The permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be accepted or refused\&.
+.PP
+Каждая строка таблицы контроля доступа в систему состоит из трёх полей разделённых символом \(Fo:\(Fc и выглядит так:
+.PP
+\fIpermission\fR:\fIusers\fR:\fIorigins\fR
+.PP
+The first field should be a "\fI+\fR" (access granted) or "\fI\-\fR" (access denied) character\&. The second field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or
+\fIALL\fR
+(always matches)\&. The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non\-networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with "\&."), host addresses, internet network numbers (end with "\&."),
+\fIALL\fR
+(always matches) or
+\fILOCAL\fR
+(matches any string that does not contain a "\&." character)\&. If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user patterns\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fIEXCEPT\fR
+operator makes it possible to write very compact rules\&.
+.PP
+Поиск в файле групп производится только когда имя не совпадает с регистрирующимся пользователем\&. Рассматриваются группы только с явно прописанными в них пользователями: программа не принимает во внимание значение первичной группы пользователя\&.
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man5/login.defs.5 b/man/ru/man5/login.defs.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa24629
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man5/login.defs.5
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login.defs
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "login\&.defs" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+login.defs \- содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+/etc/login\&.defs
+file defines the site\-specific configuration for the shadow password suite\&. This file is required\&. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation\&.
+.PP
+Файл представляет собой обычный текстовый файл; каждая строка описывает один параметр настройки\&. Строки состоят из названия параметра и его значения, которые разделяются пробельным символом\&. Пустые строки и комментарии игнорируются\&. Комментарии начинаются со знака фунта \(Fo#\(Fc, который должен быть первым непробельным символом в строке\&.
+.PP
+Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long numbers\&. A string is comprised of any printable characters\&. A boolean should be either the value
+\fIyes\fR
+or
+\fIno\fR\&. An undefined boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a
+\fIno\fR
+value\&. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, octal values (precede the value with
+\fI0\fR) or hexadecimal values (precede the value with
+\fI0x\fR)\&. The maximum value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine\-dependent\&.
+.PP
+Возможны следующие параметры настройки:
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR,
+\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR
+and
+\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR
+are only used at the time of account creation\&. Any changes to these settings won\*(Aqt affect existing accounts\&.
+.SH "ПЕРЕКРЁСТНЫЕ ССЫЛКИ"
+.PP
+Следующие перекрёстные ссылки отражают связь между программами и их параметрам из набора для работы с теневыми паролями\&.
+.PP
+chfn
+.RS 4
+CHFN_AUTH
+CHFN_RESTRICT
+LOGIN_STRING
+.RE
+.PP
+chgpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+chpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+chsh
+.RS 4
+CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING
+.RE
+.PP
+gpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+groupadd
+.RS 4
+GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN
+.RE
+.PP
+groupdel
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+groupmems
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+groupmod
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpck
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpconv
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpunconv
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+lastlog
+.RS 4
+LASTLOG_UID_MAX
+.RE
+.PP
+login
+.RS 4
+CONSOLE
+CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
+ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE
+ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY
+FAILLOG_ENAB
+FAKE_SHELL
+FTMP_FILE
+HUSHLOGIN_FILE
+ISSUE_FILE
+KILLCHAR
+LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX
+LOGIN_RETRIES
+LOGIN_STRING
+LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB
+MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB
+TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE
+ULIMIT UMASK
+USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+newgrp / sg
+.RS 4
+SYSLOG_SG_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+newusers
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK
+.RE
+.PP
+passwd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+pwck
+.RS 4
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+.RE
+.PP
+pwconv
+.RS 4
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+.RE
+.PP
+su
+.RS 4
+CONSOLE
+CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
+ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE
+ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH
+ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB
+SULOG_FILE SU_NAME
+SU_WHEEL_ONLY
+SYSLOG_SU_ENAB
+USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+sulogin
+.RS 4
+ENV_HZ
+ENV_TZ
+.RE
+.PP
+useradd
+.RS 4
+CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK
+.RE
+.PP
+userdel
+.RS 4
+MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+usermod
+.RS 4
+LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBpam\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man5/passwd.5 b/man/ru/man5/passwd.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74fa8e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man5/passwd.5
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: passwd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "passwd" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+passwd \- файл паролей
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (\(Fo:\(Fc)\&. These fields are:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+имя пользователя для входа в систему
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+необязательный зашифрованный пароль
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+числовой идентификатор пользователя
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+числовой идентификатор группы
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+ФИО пользователя или поле комментария
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+домашний каталог пользователя
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+необязательный интерпретатор командной строки пользователя
+.RE
+.PP
+If the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field is a lower\-case
+\(Fox\(Fc, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the
+\fBshadow\fR(5)
+file instead; there
+\fImust\fR
+be a corresponding line in the
+/etc/shadow
+file, or else the user account is invalid\&.
+.PP
+The encrypted
+\fIpassword\fR
+field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
+/etc/passwd
+file may decide not to permit
+\fIany\fR
+access at all if the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field is blank\&.
+.PP
+A
+\fIpassword\fR
+field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field before the password was locked\&.
+.PP
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.PP
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
+.PP
+The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system utilities, such as
+\fBfinger\fR(1)\&. The use of an ampersand here will be replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed by such system utilities\&.
+.PP
+The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory\&. The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program uses this information to set the value of the
+\fB$HOME\fR
+environmental variable\&.
+.PP
+The command interpreter field provides the name of the user\*(Aqs command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute\&. The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program uses this information to set the value of the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environmental variable\&. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value
+/bin/sh\&.
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+необязательный файл с шифрованными паролями
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd\-
+.RS 4
+резервная копия файла /etc/passwd
+.sp
+Заметим, что этот файл используется программами из комплекта утилит shadow, но не всеми инструментами управления пользователями и паролями\&.
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgetent\fR(1),
+\fBgetpwnam\fR(3),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBpwconv\fR(8),
+\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man5/porttime.5 b/man/ru/man5/porttime.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbbd4e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man5/porttime.5
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: porttime
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "porttime" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+porttime \- файл с временами доступа к портам
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+\fIporttime\fR
+contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted login times\&.
+.PP
+Каждая запись состоит из трёх полей, разделённых двоеточиями\&. В первом поле содержится список устройств tty (перечисленных через запятую) или звёздочка, указывающая, что все устройства tty попадают под правило этой записи\&. Во втором поле содержится список имён пользователей (перечисленных через запятую) или звёздочка, указывающая, что все имена пользователей попадают под правило этой записи\&. В третьем поле содержится список (через запятую) допустимого времени работы\&.
+.PP
+Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, abbreviated
+\fISu\fR,
+\fIMo\fR,
+\fITu\fR,
+\fIWe\fR,
+\fITh\fR,
+\fIFr\fR, and
+\fISa\fR, followed by a pair of times separated by a hyphen\&. The abbreviation
+\fIWk\fR
+may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and
+\fIAl\fR
+may be used to indicate every day\&. If no days are given,
+\fIAl\fR
+is assumed\&.
+.SH "ПРИМЕРЫ"
+.PP
+The following entry allows access to user
+\fBjfh\fR
+on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm\&.
+.PP
+*:jfh:Wk0900\-1700
+.PP
+The following entries allow access only to the users
+\fIroot\fR
+and
+\fIoper\fR
+on
+/dev/console
+at any time\&. This illustrates how the
+/etc/porttime
+file is an ordered list of access times\&. Any other user would match the second entry which does not permit access at any time\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      console:root,oper:Al0000\-2400
+      console:*:
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+The following entry allows access for the user
+\fIgames\fR
+on any port during non\-working hours\&.
+.PP
+*:games:Wk1700\-0900,SaSu0000\-2400
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+содержит разрешённое время работы определённых пользователей с определённых портов
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man5/shadow.5 b/man/ru/man5/shadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6857795
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man5/shadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: shadow
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "shadow" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+shadow \- файл теневых паролей
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+shadow
+is a file which contains the password information for the system\*(Aqs accounts and optional aging information\&.
+.PP
+Этот файл должен быть недоступен обычному пользователю, если нужно обеспечить безопасность паролей\&.
+.PP
+Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (\(Fo:\(Fc), in the following order:
+.PP
+\fBимя пользователя для входа в систему\fR
+.RS 4
+Должно содержать правильное имя учётной записи, которая существует в системе\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBшифрованный пароль\fR
+.RS 4
+This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
+/etc/shadow
+file may decide not to permit any access at all if the password field is empty\&.
+.sp
+A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&.
+.sp
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.sp
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBдата последней смены пароля\fR
+.RS 4
+The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&.
+.sp
+The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her password the next time she will log in the system\&.
+.sp
+Пустое значение обозначает, что проверка устаревания пароля выключена\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBминимальный срок действия пароля\fR
+.RS 4
+Минимальный срок действия пароля в днях, которые пользователь должен ждать, чтобы поменять пароль\&.
+.sp
+An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBмаксимальный срок действия пароля\fR
+.RS 4
+Максимальный срок действия пароля в днях, после которого пользователь должен изменить пароль\&.
+.sp
+По прошествии этого количества дней пароль может быть ещё действительным\&. Пользователя нужно попросить изменить пароль при следующем входе\&.
+.sp
+Пустое значение поля означает, что нет максимального срока действия пароля, нет периода предупреждения о пароле и нет периода неактивности пароля (смотрите далее)\&.
+.sp
+Если максимальный срок действия пароля меньше чем минимальный срок действия пароля, то пользователь не сможет изменить свой пароль\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBпериод предупреждения о пароле\fR
+.RS 4
+Количество дней до устаревания пароля (смотрите максимальный срок действия пароля) во время которых пользователю выдаётся предупреждение\&.
+.sp
+Пустое значение поля и 0 отключают период предупреждения о пароле\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBпериод неактивности пароля\fR
+.RS 4
+Количество дней после устаревания пароля (смотрите максимальный срок действия пароля) во время которых пароль всё ещё принимается (и пользователь должен обновить свой пароль при следующем входе)\&.
+.sp
+After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no login is possible for the user\&. The user should contact her administrator\&.
+.sp
+Пустое значение поля означает, что период неактивности отсутствует\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBдата истечения срока действия учётной записи\fR
+.RS 4
+The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&.
+.sp
+Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration\&. In case of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login\&. In case of a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password\&.
+.sp
+Пустое значение обозначает, что учётная запись никогда не устаревает\&.
+.sp
+Значение 0 не должно использоваться, так как это может рассматриваться как неустаревающая учётная запись или что запись устарела 1 января 1970 года\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBзарезервированное поле\fR
+.RS 4
+Это поле зарезервировано для использования в будущем\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-
+.RS 4
+резервная копия файла /etc/shadow
+.sp
+Заметим, что этот файл используется программами из комплекта утилит shadow, но не всеми инструментами управления пользователями и паролями\&.
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBchage\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBpwconv\fR(8),
+\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man5/suauth.5 b/man/ru/man5/suauth.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c728e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man5/suauth.5
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: suauth
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "suauth" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+suauth \- файл управления командой su
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fB/etc/suauth\fR\ 'u
+\fB/etc/suauth\fR
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The file
+/etc/suauth
+is referenced whenever the su command is called\&. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      1) the user su is targeting
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+2) пользователя, запустившего команду su (или группы, членом которой он может быть)
+.PP
+Формат файла показан ниже, строки начинающиеся с # считаются комментарием и игнорируются;
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      to\-id:from\-id:ACTION
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Where to\-id is either the word
+\fIALL\fR, a list of usernames delimited by "," or the words
+\fIALL EXCEPT\fR
+followed by a list of usernames delimited by ","\&.
+.PP
+from\-id is formatted the same as to\-id except the extra word
+\fIGROUP\fR
+is recognized\&.
+\fIALL EXCEPT GROUP\fR
+is perfectly valid too\&. Following
+\fIGROUP\fR
+appears one or more group names, delimited by ","\&. It is not sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in
+\fB/etc/group\fR(5)
+is necessary\&.
+.PP
+В поле ДЕЙСТВИЕ может быть только одно из следующих значений:
+.PP
+\fIDENY\fR
+.RS 4
+Команда su останавливает выполнение, даже не спрашивая пароль\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fINOPASS\fR
+.RS 4
+Команда su выполняется без запроса пароля\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIOWNPASS\fR
+.RS 4
+Чтобы успешно выполнить команду su, пользователь должен ввести свой собственный пароль\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Заметим, что тут используются три поля, разделённых двоеточиями\&. Никаких пробелов не допускается около двоеточий\&. Также заметим, что файл просматривается строка за строкой, и первое подходящее правило будет использовано без проверки оставшихся правил\&. Это позволяет системному администратору осуществлять любой контроль, какой он пожелает\&.
+.SH "ПРИМЕР"
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      # sample /etc/suauth file
+      #
+      # A couple of privileged usernames may
+      # su to root with their own password\&.
+      #
+      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS
+      #
+      # Anyone else may not su to root unless in
+      # group wheel\&. This is how BSD does things\&.
+      #
+      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY
+      #
+      # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts
+      # owned by the same person\&.
+      # Access can be arranged between them
+      # with no password\&.
+      #
+      terry:birddog:NOPASS
+      birddog:terry:NOPASS
+      #
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/suauth
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.SH "ОШИБКИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ"
+.PP
+Может быть несколько угроз\&. Анализатор файла, в частности, не прощает синтаксических ошибок, ожидая, что не будет недопустимых пробелов (кроме как в начале и конце строк) и специальных слов, разделяющих различные вещи\&.
+.SH "ДИАГНОСТИКА"
+.PP
+An error parsing the file is reported using
+\fBsyslogd\fR(8)
+as level ERR on facility AUTH\&.
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBsu\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/chgpasswd.8 b/man/ru/man8/chgpasswd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45c6268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/chgpasswd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chgpasswd
+.\"    Author: Thomas K\(/loczko <kloczek@pld.org.pl>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команды управления системой
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "chgpasswd" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+chgpasswd \- обновляет пароли групп в пакетном режиме
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBchgpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBchgpasswd\fR [\fIпараметры\fR]
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchgpasswd\fR
+command reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups\&. Each line is of the format:
+.PP
+\fIgroup_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR
+.PP
+By default the supplied password must be in clear\-text, and is encrypted by
+\fBchgpasswd\fR\&.
+.PP
+The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+variable of
+/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the
+\fB\-e\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-c\fR
+options\&.
+.PP
+Данная команда предназначена для работы в крупных системных средах, где за один раз заводится несколько учётных записей\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchgpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
+.RS 4
+Использовать указанный метод для шифрования паролей\&.
+.sp
+Возможные методы: DES, MD5, NONE и SHA256 или SHA512, если эти методы поддерживается libc\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
+.RS 4
+Передаваемые пароли заданы в шифрованном виде\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
+.RS 4
+Использовать алгоритм шифрования MD5 вместо DES, если пароли передаются не шифрованными\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
+.RS 4
+Использовать указанное количество раундов шифрования паролей\&.
+.sp
+Значение 0 означает, что система выберет количество раундов по умолчанию для выбранного метода шифрования (5000)\&.
+.sp
+Минимальное значение равно 1000, а максимальное значение равно 999,999,999\&.
+.sp
+Вы можете использовать этот параметр только при методе шифрования SHA256 или SHA512\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+Не забудьте установить права или umask, чтобы не позволить чтение не шифрованных файлов другими пользователями\&.
+.PP
+Вы должны проверить, что пароль и метод шифрования соответствует политике системных паролей\&.
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/chpasswd.8 b/man/ru/man8/chpasswd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc59c32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/chpasswd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chpasswd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команды управления системой
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "chpasswd" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+chpasswd \- обновляет пароли в пакетном режиме
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBchpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBchpasswd\fR [\fIпараметры\fR]
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users\&. Each line is of the format:
+.PP
+\fIuser_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR
+.PP
+By default the passwords must be supplied in clear\-text, and are encrypted by
+\fBchpasswd\fR\&. Also the password age will be updated, if present\&.
+.PP
+The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+or
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variables of
+/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the
+\fB\-e\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-c\fR
+options\&.
+.PP
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user\&.
+.PP
+Данная команда предназначена для работы в крупных системных средах, где за один раз заводится несколько учётных записей\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR\ \&\fIMETHOD\fR
+.RS 4
+Использовать указанный метод для шифрования паролей\&.
+.sp
+Возможные методы: DES, MD5, NONE и SHA256 или SHA512, если эти методы поддерживается libc\&.
+.sp
+By default (if none of the
+\fB\-c\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-e\fR
+options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+or
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variables of
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
+.RS 4
+Передаваемые пароли заданы в шифрованном виде\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
+.RS 4
+Использовать алгоритм шифрования MD5 вместо DES, если пароли передаются не шифрованными\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR\ \&\fIROUNDS\fR
+.RS 4
+Использовать указанное количество раундов шифрования паролей\&.
+.sp
+Значение 0 означает, что система выберет количество раундов по умолчанию для выбранного метода шифрования (5000)\&.
+.sp
+Минимальное значение равно 1000, а максимальное значение равно 999,999,999\&.
+.sp
+Вы можете использовать этот параметр только при методе шифрования SHA256 или SHA512\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+and
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
+variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+Не забудьте установить права или umask, чтобы не позволить чтение не шифрованных файлов другими пользователями\&.
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/faillog.8 b/man/ru/man8/faillog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cb6a72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/faillog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команды управления системой
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "faillog" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+faillog \- показывает записи из файла faillog или задаёт предел неудачных попыток входа в систему
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBfaillog\fR\ 'u
+\fBfaillog\fR [\fIпараметры\fR]
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+displays the contents of the failure log database (/var/log/faillog)\&. It can also set the failure counters and limits\&. When
+\fBfaillog\fR
+is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBfaillog\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+.RS 4
+Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the
+faillog
+database\&.
+.sp
+The range of users can be restricted with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&.
+.sp
+В режиме вывода это ограничивает вывод списком существующих пользователей, но при этом для них выводятся даже пустые записи faillog\&.
+.sp
+With the
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR,
+\fB\-r\fR,
+\fB\-t\fR
+options, the users\*(Aq records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the system\&. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of users\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\-secs\fR\ \&\fISEC\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock account for
+\fISEC\fR
+seconds after failed login\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-maximum\fR\ \&\fIMAX\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to
+\fIMAX\fR\&.
+.sp
+Selecting a
+\fIMAX\fR
+value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed logins\&.
+.sp
+The maximum failure count should always be 0 for
+\fIroot\fR
+to prevent a denial of services attack against the system\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reset\fR
+.RS 4
+Сбросить счётчик неудачных попыток входа\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Display faillog records more recent than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR
+.RS 4
+Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used with
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR
+or
+\fB\-r\fR
+options) only for the specified user(s)\&.
+.sp
+The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users\&. This
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+When none of the
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-r\fR
+options are used,
+\fBfaillog\fR
+displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)\&.
+.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+only prints out users with no successful login since the last failure\&. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+flag, or print out all users with the
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag\&.
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+журнал неудавшихся попыток входа в систему
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBfaillog\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/ru/man8/groupadd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8300e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/groupadd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupadd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команды управления системой
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "groupadd" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+groupadd \- создаёт новую группу
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupadd\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupadd\fR [\fIПАРАМЕТРЫ\fR] \fINEWGROUP\fR
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the groupname\&. Fully numeric groupnames and groupnames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists\&. When used with
+\fB\-g\fR, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i\&.e\&.
+\fB\-g\fR
+is turned off)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+The numerical value of the group\*(Aqs ID\&.
+\fIGID\fR
+must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to
+\fBGID_MIN\fR
+and greater than every other group\&.
+.sp
+See also the
+\fB\-r\fR
+option and the
+\fBGID_MAX\fR
+description\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR
+.RS 4
+Overrides
+/etc/login\&.defs
+defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others)\&. Multiple
+\fB\-K\fR
+options can be specified\&.
+.sp
+Example:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \&
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+.sp
+Note:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+doesn\*(Aqt work yet\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID\&. As a result, for this
+\fIGID\fR, the mapping towards group
+\fINEWGROUP\fR
+may not be unique\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines an initial password for the group account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths system account file
+/etc/group
+or
+/etc/gshadow\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Вы должны проверить, что пароль соответствует политике системных паролей\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Создать системную группу\&.
+.sp
+The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBGID_MIN\fR\-\fBGID_MAX\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей
+.RE
+.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+Нельзя добавить группу NIS или LDAP\&. Это необходимо делать на соответствующем сервере\&.
+.PP
+If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP,
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+will deny the group creation request\&.
+.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+GID is already used (when called without
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+group name is already used
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/ru/man8/groupdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfa6c33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/groupdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команды управления системой
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "groupdel" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+groupdel \- удаляет группу
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupdel\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] \fIГРУППА\fR
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to
+\fIGROUP\fR\&. The named group must exist\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the group, even if there\*(Aqs some user having the group as the primary one\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+Вы не можете удалить группу, если она является первичной для существующего пользователя\&. Вы должны удалить пользователя перед тем как удалять группу\&.
+.PP
+Вы должны вручную проверить все файловые системы, чтобы убедиться, что не осталось файлов, принадлежащих удалённой группе\&.
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о группах
+.RE
+.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove user\*(Aqs primary group
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/groupmems.8 b/man/ru/man8/groupmems.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..668a28f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/groupmems.8
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmems
+.\"    Author: George Kraft, IV
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команды управления системой
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "groupmems" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+groupmems \- управляет членами первичной группы пользователя
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmems\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmems\fR \-a\ \fIuser_name\fR | \-d\ \fIuser_name\fR | [\-g\ \fIgroup_name\fR] | \-l | \-p 
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+command allows a user to administer their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges\&. The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i\&.e\&., guest / guest)\&.
+.PP
+Only the superuser, as administrator, can use
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+to alter the memberships of other groups\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a user to the group membership list\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Удалить пользователя из группы\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, the user will be removed from the list of members and administrators of the group\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR\ \&\fIgroup_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Суперпользователь может указать группу, в которой нужно изменить список членов\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать список членов группы\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-purge\fR
+.RS 4
+Вычистить всех пользователей из списка членов группы\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+executable should be in mode
+2710
+as user
+\fIroot\fR
+and in group
+\fIgroups\fR\&. The system administrator can add users to group
+\fIgroups\fR
+to allow or disallow them using the
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+utility to manage their own group membership list\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+	$ groupadd \-r groups
+	$ chmod 2710 groupmems
+	$ chown root\&.groups groupmems
+	$ groupmems \-g groups \-a gk4
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о группах
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/ru/man8/groupmod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b7e87c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/groupmod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команды управления системой
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "groupmod" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+groupmod \- изменяет определение группы в системе
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmod\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmod\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] \fIГРУППА\fR
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command modifies the definition of the specified
+\fIGROUP\fR
+by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+If group members are specified with \-U, append them to the existing member list, rather than replacing it\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+The group ID of the given
+\fIGROUP\fR
+will be changed to
+\fIGID\fR\&.
+.sp
+The value of
+\fIGID\fR
+must be a non\-negative decimal integer\&. This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&.
+.sp
+У пользователей, которых эта группа является первичной, будет выполнено соответствующее обновление\&.
+.sp
+Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to
+\fIGROUP\fR, must have their group ID changed manually\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to the
+\fBGID_MIN\fR,
+\fBGID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR, or
+\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-new\-name\fR\ \&\fINEW_GROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the group will be changed from
+\fIGROUP\fR
+to
+\fINEW_GROUP\fR
+name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+When used with the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option, allow to change the group
+\fIGID\fR
+to a non\-unique value\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+The encrypted password, as returned by
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Вы должны проверить, что пароль соответствует политике системных паролей\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+E_SUCCESS: success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+E_USAGE: invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GRP_UPDATE: can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI11\fR
+.RS 4
+E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can\*(Aqt setup cleanup service
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_USERNAME: can\*(Aqt determine your username for use with pam
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI13\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/grpck.8 b/man/ru/man8/grpck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d2c194
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/grpck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: grpck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команды управления системой
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "grpck" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+grpck \- проверяет корректность файлов групп
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBgrpck\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpck\fR [параметры] [\fIгруппа\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]]
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command verifies the integrity of the groups information\&. It checks that all entries in
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&.
+.PP
+Выполняются следующие проверки:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+правильное количество полей
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+уникальность и корректность имени группы
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid group identifier
+(/etc/group only)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid list of members
+and administrators
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a corresponding entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file (respectively
+/etc/group
+for the
+gshadow
+checks)
+.RE
+.PP
+The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal\&. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command to correct the error\&.
+.PP
+The commands which operate on the
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow files
+are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&.
+\fBgrpck\fR
+should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR
+and
+\fB\-s\fR
+options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Execute the
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command in read\-only mode\&. This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered
+\fIno\fR
+without user intervention\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Sort entries in
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+by GID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-silence\-warnings\fR
+.RS 4
+Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about inconsistency between group members listed in
+/etc/group
+and
+/etc/ghadow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+By default,
+\fBgrpck\fR
+operates on
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the
+\fIgroup\fR
+and \fIshadow\fR parameters\&.
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+one or more bad group entries
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt open group files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt lock group files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group files
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/grpconv.8 b/man/ru/man8/grpconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/grpconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/grpunconv.8 b/man/ru/man8/grpunconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/grpunconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/ru/man8/lastlog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c3bd8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/lastlog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: lastlog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команды управления системой
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "lastlog" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+lastlog \- выводит отчёт о последней регистрации в системе всех или указанного пользователя
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBlastlog\fR\ 'u
+\fBlastlog\fR [\fIпараметры\fR]
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+\fBlastlog\fR
+formats and prints the contents of the last login log
+/var/log/lastlog
+file\&. The
+\fIlogin\-name\fR,
+\fIport\fR, and
+\fIlast login time\fR
+will be printed\&. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in
+/etc/passwd\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBlastlog\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-before\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Print only lastlog records older than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-clear\fR
+.RS 4
+Clear lastlog record of a user\&. This option can be used only together with
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-set\fR
+.RS 4
+Set lastlog record of a user to the current time\&. This option can be used only together with
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Print the lastlog records more recent than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать запись lastlog только для указанного пользователя(ей)\&.
+.sp
+The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users\&. This
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If the user has never logged in the message
+\fI** Never logged in**\fR
+will be displayed instead of the port and time\&.
+.PP
+Будут показаны записи только для пользователей, имеющих в системе данный момент\&. В журнале могут существовать записи для удалённых ранее пользователей\&.
+.SH "ЗАМЕЧАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+lastlog
+file is a database which contains info on the last login of each user\&. You should not rotate it\&. It is a sparse file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by "\fBls \-l\fR" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in
+passwd
+users with a high UID)\&. You can display its real size with "\fBls \-s\fR"\&.
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/var/log/lastlog
+.RS 4
+содержит список завершённых сеансов работы с системой
+.RE
+.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+Большие промежутки в значениях идентификаторов пользователей приводят к тому, что программа некоторое время ничего не выводит на экран (то есть, если в базе данных lastlog нет пользователей с идентификаторами с 170 по 800, то во время обработки UID с 171 по 799 программа кажется повисшей)\&.
+.PP
+Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the
+<term> /var/log/lastlog</term>
+with external tools\&. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by default and may require a specific option to handle them\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/ru/man8/logoutd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa64db1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/logoutd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: logoutd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команды управления системой
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "logoutd" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+logoutd \- контролирует временные интервалы работы в системе
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBlogoutd\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in
+/etc/porttime\&.
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+should be started from
+/etc/rc\&. The
+/var/run/utmp
+file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time\&. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in
+/etc/porttime
+is terminated\&.
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+содержит разрешённое время работы определённых пользователей с определённых портов
+.RE
+.PP
+/var/run/utmp
+.RS 4
+содержит список работающих сеансов в системе
+.RE
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/newusers.8 b/man/ru/man8/newusers.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7ab6cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/newusers.8
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newusers
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команды управления системой
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "newusers" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+newusers \- обновляет и создаёт новые учётные записи пользователей в пакетном режиме
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBnewusers\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewusers\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] [\fIфайл\fR]
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewusers\fR
+command reads a
+\fIfile\fR
+(or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users\&. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)) with the exceptions explained below:
+.PP
+pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell
+.PP
+\fIpw_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Имя пользователя\&.
+.sp
+It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR)\&. In case of an existing user, the user\*(Aqs information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_passwd\fR
+.RS 4
+Это поле будет зашифровано и использовано как новое значение шифрованного пароля\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI pw_gid\fR
+.RS 4
+Это поле используется для определения UID пользователя\&.
+.sp
+If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+Если в этом поле указано число, то оно будет использовано в качестве UID\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), the UID of the specified user will be used\&.
+.sp
+Если изменяется UID существующего пользователя, то у файлов, которыми владел этот пользователь, нужно вручную переопределить владельца\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_gid\fR
+.RS 4
+Это поле используется для определения ID первичной группы пользователя\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user\&.
+.sp
+Если в этом поле содержится число, то это число будет использовано как ID первичной группы пользователя\&. Если с таким GID не существует, то будет создана новая группа с этим GID и именем пользователя\&.
+.sp
+If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by
+\fBnewusers\fR
+to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by
+\fBnewusers\fR
+to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_gecos\fR
+.RS 4
+Это поле копируется в поле GECOS записи пользователя\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_dir\fR
+.RS 4
+Это поле используется для определения домашнего каталога пользователя\&.
+.sp
+If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or updated and its primary group\&. Note that
+\fInewusers does not create parent directories \fR
+of the new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr informing the user of the failure\&. The newusers command will not halt or return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified\&.
+.sp
+If the home directory of an existing user is changed,
+\fBnewusers\fR
+does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location\&. This should be done manually\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_shell\fR
+.RS 4
+В этом поле задаётся пользовательская оболочка\&. Никаких проверок поля не делается\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBnewusers\fR
+first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases\&. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases\&.
+.PP
+Данная команда предназначена для работы в крупных системных средах, где за один раз обновляется несколько учётных записей\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBnewusers\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
+.RS 4
+Использовать указанный метод для шифрования паролей\&.
+.sp
+Возможные методы: DES, MD5, NONE и SHA256 или SHA512, если эти методы поддерживается libc\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Создать системную учётную запись\&.
+.sp
+System users will be created with no aging information in
+/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
+(and their
+\fBGID\fR
+counterparts for the creation of groups)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
+.RS 4
+Использовать указанное количество раундов шифрования паролей\&.
+.sp
+Значение 0 означает, что система выберет количество раундов по умолчанию для выбранного метода шифрования (5000)\&.
+.sp
+Минимальное значение равно 1000, а максимальное значение равно 999,999,999\&.
+.sp
+Вы можете использовать этот параметр только при методе шифрования SHA256 или SHA512\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+Файл с входными данными должен быть защищён, так как в нём содержатся не шифрованные пароли\&.
+.PP
+Вы должны проверить, что пароль и метод шифрования соответствует политике системных паролей\&.
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+
+
+
+
+
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/nologin.8 b/man/ru/man8/nologin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ec0d03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/nologin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: nologin
+.\"    Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команды управления системой
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "nologin" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+nologin \- вежливо отказывает во входе в систему
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBnologin\fR\ 'u
+\fBnologin\fR
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnologin\fR
+command displays a message that an account is not available and exits non\-zero\&. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled\&.
+.PP
+To disable all logins, investigate
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBSSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND\fR
+is populated it will be logged\&.
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.SH "ИСТОРИЯ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnologin\fR
+command appeared in BSD 4\&.4\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/pwck.8 b/man/ru/man8/pwck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2866d4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/pwck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: pwck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команды управления системой
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "pwck" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+pwck \- verify the integrity of password files
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBpwck\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwck\fR [параметры] [\fIPASSWORDFILE\fR\ [\ \fISHADOWFILE\fR\ ]]
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwck\fR
+command verifies the integrity of the users and authentication information\&. It checks that all entries in
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow
+have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&.
+.PP
+Выполняются следующие проверки:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+правильное количество полей
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+уникальность и корректность имени пользователя
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+корректность идентификатора пользователя и группы
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+корректность первичной группы
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+корректность домашнего каталога
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+корректность регистрационной оболочки
+.RE
+.PP
+Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file parameter
+\fISHADOWFILE\fR
+is specified or when
+/etc/shadow
+exists on the system\&.
+.PP
+Выполняются следующие проверки:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+что каждая запись passwd имеет соответствующую запись shadow и каждая запись shadow имеет соответствующую запись passwd
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+пароли указаны в теневом файле
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+записи shadow содержат корректное количество полей
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+записи shadow уникальны в shadow
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+дата последней смены пароля не находится в будущем
+.RE
+.PP
+The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal\&. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the
+\fBusermod\fR
+command to correct the error\&.
+.PP
+The commands which operate on the
+/etc/passwd
+file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&.
+\fBpwck\fR
+should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR
+and
+\fB\-s\fR
+options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpwck\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Сообщать только об ошибках\&. Предупреждения, которые не требуют от пользователя никаких действий, показаны не будут\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Execute the
+\fBpwck\fR
+command in read\-only mode\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Sort entries in
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow
+by UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+By default,
+\fBpwck\fR
+operates on the files
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and
+\fIshadow\fR
+parameters\&.
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwck\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+one or more bad password entries
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt open password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt lock password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt sort password files
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/pwconv.8 b/man/ru/man8/pwconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edc5618
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/pwconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: pwconv
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команды управления системой
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "pwconv" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv \- преобразует пароли пользователей и групп в/из защищённую форму
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBpwconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwconv\fR [\fIпараметры\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBpwunconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwunconv\fR [\fIпараметры\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBgrpconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpconv\fR [\fIпараметры\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBgrpunconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpunconv\fR [\fIпараметры\fR]
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIshadow\fR
+from
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and an optionally existing
+\fIshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwunconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIpasswd\fR
+from
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and
+\fIshadow\fR
+and then removes
+\fIshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIgshadow\fR
+from
+\fIgroup\fR
+and an optionally existing
+\fIgshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIgroup\fR
+from
+\fIgroup\fR
+and
+\fIgshadow\fR
+and then removes
+\fIgshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files:
+/etc/passwd,
+/etc/group,
+/etc/shadow, and
+/etc/gshadow\&.
+.PP
+Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion\&.
+\fBpwconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+are similar\&. First, entries in the shadowed file which don\*(Aqt exist in the main file are removed\&. Then, shadowed entries which don\*(Aqt have `x\*(Aq as the password in the main file are updated\&. Any missing shadowed entries are added\&. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x\*(Aq\&. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand\&.
+.PP
+\fBpwconv\fR
+will use the values of
+\fIPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR,
+\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, and
+\fIPASS_WARN_AGE\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs
+when adding new entries to
+/etc/shadow\&.
+.PP
+Likewise
+\fBpwunconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+are similar\&. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file\&. Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone\&. Finally, the shadowed file is removed\&. Some password aging information is lost by
+\fBpwunconv\fR\&. It will convert what it can\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpwconv\fR,
+\fBpwunconv\fR,
+\fBgrpconv\fR, and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+commands are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ОШИБКИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ"
+.PP
+Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways\&. Please run
+\fBpwck\fR
+and
+\fBgrpck\fR
+to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups\&.
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+changes the behavior of
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR:
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of
+\fBpwconv\fR:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/pwunconv.8 b/man/ru/man8/pwunconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/pwunconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/sulogin.8 b/man/ru/man8/sulogin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0620a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/sulogin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: sulogin
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команды управления системой
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "sulogin" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+sulogin \- Single\-user login
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.PP
+\fBsulogin\fR
+[\fItty\-device\fR]
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsulogin\fR
+command is invoked by
+\fBinit\fR
+prior to allowing the user access to the system when in single user mode\&. This feature may only be available on certain systems where
+\fBinit\fR
+has been modified accordingly, or where the
+/etc/inittab
+has an entry for a single user login\&.
+.PP
+The user is prompted
+.PP
+Type control\-d to proceed with normal startup,
+(or give root password for system maintenance):
+.PP
+Input and output will be performed with the standard file descriptors unless the optional device name argument is provided\&.
+.PP
+If the user enters the correct root password, a login session is initiated\&. When
+\fIEOF\fR
+is pressed instead, the system enters multi\-user mode\&.
+.PP
+After the user exits the single\-user shell, or presses
+\fIEOF\fR, the system begins the initialization process required to enter multi\-user mode\&.
+.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+This command can only be used if
+\fBinit\fR
+has been modified to call
+\fBsulogin\fR
+instead of
+/bin/sh, or if the user has set the
+\fIinittab\fR
+to support a single user login\&. For example, the line:
+.PP
+co:s:respawn:/etc/sulogin /dev/console
+.PP
+should execute the sulogin command in single user mode\&.
+.PP
+As complete an environment as possible is created\&. However, various devices may be unmounted or uninitialized and many of the user commands may be unavailable or nonfunctional as a result\&.
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1),
+\fBinit\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/useradd.8 b/man/ru/man8/useradd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94559cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/useradd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: useradd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команды управления системой
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "useradd" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+useradd \- регистрирует нового пользователя или изменяет информацию по умолчанию о новых пользователях
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] \fIУЧЁТНАЯ_ЗАПИСЬ\fR
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR \-D
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR \-D [\fIпараметры\fR]
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+When invoked without the
+\fB\-D\fR
+option, the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. Depending on command line options, the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command will update system files and may also create the new user\*(Aqs home directory and copy initial files\&.
+.PP
+By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR,
+\fB\-U\fR, and
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR)\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The default base directory for the system if
+\fB\-d\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+is not specified\&.
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the base directory specified by the
+\fBHOME\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or
+/home
+by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR
+.RS 4
+Any text string\&. It is generally a short description of the account, and is currently used as the field for the user\*(Aqs full name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\-dir\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The new user will be created using
+\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+as the value for the user\*(Aqs login directory\&. The default is to append the
+\fILOGIN\fR
+name to
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+and use that as the login directory name\&. If the directory
+\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+does not exist, then it will be created unless the
+\fB\-M\fR
+option is specified\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-defaults\fR
+.RS 4
+Смотрите далее в подразделе \(FoИзменение значений по умолчанию\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format
+\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&.
+.sp
+If not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the default expiry date specified by the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string (no expiry) by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. The value is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&.
+.sp
+If not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the default inactivity period specified by the
+\fBINACTIVE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or \-1 by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subids\-for\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Update
+/etc/subuid
+and
+/etc/subgid
+even when creating a system account with
+\fB\-r\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name or the number of the user\*(Aqs primary group\&. The group name must exist\&. A group number must refer to an already existing group\&.
+.sp
+If not specified, the behavior of
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will depend on the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&. If this variable is set to
+\fIyes\fR
+(or
+\fB\-U/\-\-user\-group\fR
+is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname\&. If the variable is set to
+\fIno\fR
+(or
+\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR
+is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or 1000 by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]]
+.RS 4
+A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option\&. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-skel\fR\ \&\fISKEL_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user\*(Aqs home directory, when the home directory is created by
+\fBuseradd\fR\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid if the
+\fB\-m\fR
+(or
+\fB\-\-create\-home\fR) option is specified\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the
+\fBSKEL\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd
+or, by default,
+/etc/skel\&.
+.sp
+Если возможно, выполняется копирование ACL и расширенных атрибутов\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR
+.RS 4
+Overrides
+/etc/login\&.defs
+defaults (\fBUID_MIN\fR,
+\fBUID_MAX\fR,
+\fBUMASK\fR,
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR
+and others)\&.
+.sp
+Example:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS \fR=\fI\-1\fR
+can be used when creating an account to turn off password aging\&. Multiple
+\fB\-K\fR
+options can be specified, e\&.g\&.:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MIN\fR
+=\fI100\fR\ \&\fB\-K\fR\ \&
+\fIUID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-no\-log\-init\fR
+.RS 4
+Не добавлять пользователя в базы данных lastlog и faillog\&.
+.sp
+By default, the user\*(Aqs entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will also consult the variable
+\fBLOG_INIT\fR
+in the
+/etc/default/useradd
+if set to no the user will not be added to the lastlog and faillog databases\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-create\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+Create the user\*(Aqs home directory if it does not exist\&. The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with the
+\fB\-k\fR
+option) will be copied to the home directory\&.
+.sp
+By default, if this option is not specified and
+\fBCREATE_HOME\fR
+is not enabled, no home directories are created\&.
+.sp
+The directory where the user\*(Aqs home directory is created must exist and have proper SELinux context and permissions\&. Otherwise the user\*(Aqs home directory cannot be created or accessed\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-no\-create\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+Do not create the user\*(Aqs home directory, even if the system wide setting from
+/etc/login\&.defs
+(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR) is set to
+\fIyes\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-no\-user\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option or by the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines an initial password for the account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&. Within a shell script, this option allows to create efficiently batches of users\&.
+.sp
+Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of
+/etc/shadow\&. This is a state where the user won\*(Aqt be able to access the account or to define a password himself\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fRAvoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Вы должны проверить, что пароль соответствует политике системных паролей\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Создать системную учётную запись\&.
+.sp
+System users will be created with no aging information in
+/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+/etc/login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
+(and their
+\fBGID\fR
+counterparts for the creation of groups)\&.
+.sp
+Note that
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will not create a home directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR)\&. You have to specify the
+\fB\-m\fR
+options if you want a home directory for a system account to be created\&.
+.sp
+Note that this option will not update
+/etc/subuid
+and
+/etc/subgid\&. You have to specify the
+\fB\-F\fR
+options if you want to update the files for a system account to be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the path to the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. Without this option, the system will use the
+\fBSHELL\fR
+variable specified in
+/etc/default/useradd, or, if that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in
+/etc/passwd
+remains empty\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR
+.RS 4
+The numerical value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to
+\fBUID_MIN\fR
+and greater than every other user\&.
+.sp
+See also the
+\fB\-r\fR
+option and the
+\fBUID_MAX\fR
+description\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-user\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Создать группу с тем же именем что и у пользователя, и добавить пользователя в эту группу\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the SELinux user for the new account\&. Without this option, a SELinux uses the default user\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses
+\fBsemanage\fR(8)
+for that\&.
+.RE
+.SS "Изменение значений по умолчанию"
+.PP
+When invoked with only the
+\fB\-D\fR
+option,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will display the current default values\&. When invoked with
+\fB\-D\fR
+plus other options,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will update the default values for the specified options\&. Valid default\-changing options are:
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the path prefix for a new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The user\*(Aqs name will be affixed to the end of
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+to form the new user\*(Aqs home directory name, if the
+\fB\-d\fR
+option is not used when creating a new account\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBHOME\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBINACTIVE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group names or a numerical group ID\&. The named group must exist, and the GID must have an existing entry\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the default login shell for new users\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBSHELL\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ЗАМЕЧАНИЯ"
+.PP
+The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the
+/etc/skel/
+directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in
+/etc/default/useradd
+or on the command line)\&.
+.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+Нельзя добавить пользователя в группу NIS или LDAP\&. Это необходимо делать на соответствующем сервере\&.
+.PP
+Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will deny the user account creation request\&.
+.PP
+Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the username\&. Fully numeric usernames and usernames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&. It is not recommended to use usernames beginning with \&. character as their home directories will be hidden in the
+\fBls\fR
+output\&.
+.PP
+Имена пользователей могут быть длиной не более 32 знаков\&.
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/default/useradd
+.RS 4
+значения по умолчанию для создаваемой учётной записи
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-post\&.d/*
+.RS 4
+Run\-part files to execute during user addition\&. The environment variable
+\fBACTION\fR
+will be populated with useradd and
+\fBSUBJECT\fR
+with the
+\fBusername\fR\&.
+useradd\-pre\&.d
+will be executed prior to any user addition\&.
+useradd\-post\&.d
+will execute after user addition\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/skel/
+.RS 4
+каталог, содержащий файлы по умолчанию
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей
+.RE
+.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+UID already in use (and no
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+username or group name already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt create home directory
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI14\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update SELinux user mapping
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/userdel.8 b/man/ru/man8/userdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1103268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/userdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: userdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команды управления системой
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "userdel" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+userdel \- удаляет учётную запись и файлы пользователя
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBuserdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBuserdel\fR [параметры] \fIУЧЁТНАЯ_ЗАПИСЬ\fR
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name
+\fILOGIN\fR\&. The named user must exist\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is still logged in\&. It also forces
+\fBuserdel\fR
+to remove the user\*(Aqs home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user\&. If
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+is defined to
+\fIyes\fR
+in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+and if a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user\&.
+.sp
+\fINote:\fR
+This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+Файлы в домашнем каталоге пользователя будут удалены вместе с самим домашним каталогом и почтовым ящиком\&. Пользовательские файлы, расположенные в других файловых системах, нужно искать и удалять вручную\&.
+.sp
+The mail spool is defined by the
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
+variable in the
+login\&.defs
+file\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR
+.RS 4
+Удаляет все пользовательские сопоставления SELinux для учётной записи пользователя\&.
+.RE
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-post\&.d/*
+.RS 4
+Run\-part files to execute during user deletion\&. The environment variable
+\fBACTION\fR
+will be populated with
+\fBuserdel\fR
+and
+\fBSUBJECT\fR
+with the username\&.
+userdel\-pre\&.d
+will be executed prior to any user deletion\&.
+userdel\-post\&.d
+will execute after user deletion\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified user doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+user currently logged in
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove home directory
+.RE
+.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will not allow you to remove an account if there are running processes which belong to this account\&. In that case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user\*(Aqs password or account and remove the account later\&. The
+\fB\-f\fR
+option can force the deletion of this account\&.
+.PP
+Вы должны вручную проверить все файловые системы, чтобы убедиться, что не осталось файлов, принадлежащих этому пользователю\&.
+.PP
+Нельзя удалить NIS атрибуты клиента NIS\&. Это необходимо сделать на NIS сервере\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+is defined to
+\fIyes\fR
+in
+/etc/login\&.defs,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will delete the group with the same name as the user\&. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise\&. The
+\fB\-f\fR
+option can force the deletion of this group\&.
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/usermod.8 b/man/ru/man8/usermod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..232977c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/usermod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: usermod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команды управления системой
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "usermod" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+usermod \- изменяет учётную запись пользователя
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBusermod\fR\ 'u
+\fBusermod\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] \fIУЧЁТНАЯ_ЗАПИСЬ\fR
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBusermod\fR
+command modifies the system account files\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBusermod\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR
+.RS 4
+Add the user to the supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the
+\fB\-G\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-badname\fR
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR
+.RS 4
+update the comment field of the user in
+/etc/passwd, which is normally modified using the
+\fBchfn\fR(1)
+utility\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Домашний каталог нового пользователя\&.
+.sp
+If the
+\fB\-m\fR
+option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format
+\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. Integers as input are interpreted as days after 1970\-01\-01\&.
+.sp
+An input of \-1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in the shadow password file\&. The account will remain available with no date limit\&.
+.sp
+This option requires a
+/etc/shadow
+file\&. A
+/etc/shadow
+entry will be created if there were none\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password\&. This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)
+for more information\&.
+.sp
+This option requires a
+/etc/shadow
+file\&. A
+/etc/shadow
+entry will be created if there were none\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name or numerical ID of the user\*(Aqs new primary group\&. The group must exist\&.
+.sp
+Все файлы в домашнем каталоге пользователя, принадлежавшие предыдущей первичной группе пользователя, будут принадлежать новой группе\&.
+.sp
+Группового владельца файлов вне домашнего каталога нужно изменить вручную\&.
+.sp
+The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as
+/\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]]
+.RS 4
+A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups must exist\&.
+.sp
+If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group\&. This behaviour can be changed via the
+\fB\-a\fR
+option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR\ \&\fINEW_LOGIN\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the user will be changed from
+\fILOGIN\fR
+to
+\fINEW_LOGIN\fR\&. Nothing else is changed\&. In particular, the user\*(Aqs home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This puts a \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
+\fB\-p\fR
+or
+\fB\-U\fR\&.
+.sp
+Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+to
+\fI1\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-move\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+moves the content of the user\*(Aqs home directory to the new location\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-d\fR
+(or
+\fB\-\-home\fR) option\&.
+.sp
+\fBusermod\fR
+will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+allows to change the user ID to a non\-unique value\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines a new password for the user\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+Avoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Вы должны проверить, что пароль соответствует политике системных паролей\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the user from named supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the
+\fB\-G\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes within the directory tree starting with
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+and use as well the configuration files located there\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+changes the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field in
+/etc/passwd
+and logs the user into the system\*(Aqs default shell\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR
+.RS 4
+The new value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&.
+.sp
+This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&.
+.sp
+Для почтового ящика и всех файлов, которыми владеет пользователь и которые расположены в его домашнем каталоге, идентификатор владельца файла будет изменён автоматически\&.
+.sp
+Для файлов, расположенных вне домашнего каталога, идентификатор нужно изменять вручную\&.
+.sp
+The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as
+/\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to the
+\fBUID_MIN\fR,
+\fBUID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR, or
+\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
+.RS 4
+Unlock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This removes the \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
+\fB\-p\fR
+or
+\fB\-L\fR\&.
+.sp
+Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+(for example to
+\fI99999\fR, or to the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+value from
+/etc/default/useradd)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a range of subordinate uids to the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both
+\fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR
+are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a range of subordinate gids to the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both
+\fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR
+are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the SELinux user to be mapped with
+\fILOGIN\fR\&. An empty string ("") will remove the respective entry (if any)\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses semanage(8) for that\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ"
+.PP
+You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user\*(Aqs numerical user ID, the user\*(Aqs name, or the user\*(Aqs home directory is being changed\&.
+\fBusermod\fR
+checks this on Linux\&. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in\&.
+.PP
+You must change the owner of any
+\fBcrontab\fR
+files or
+\fBat\fR
+jobs manually\&.
+.PP
+Вы должны сделать все изменения NIS на сервере NIS самостоятельно\&.
+.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account informatio\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/vigr.8 b/man/ru/man8/vigr.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff72d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/vigr.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/vipw.8
diff --git a/man/ru/man8/vipw.8 b/man/ru/man8/vipw.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..723fd50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ru/man8/vipw.8
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: vipw
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 11/08/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команды управления системой
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Russian
+.\"
+.TH "vipw" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
+vipw, vigr \- позволяют редактировать файлы паролей, групп, теневых паролей пользователей или групп\&.
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.HP \w'\fBvipw\fR\ 'u
+\fBvipw\fR [\fIпараметры\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBvigr\fR\ 'u
+\fBvigr\fR [\fIпараметры\fR]
+.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
+.PP
+The
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands edits the files
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/group, respectively\&. With the
+\fB\-s\fR
+flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files,
+/etc/shadow
+and
+/etc/gshadow, respectively\&. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption\&. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable
+\fB$VISUAL\fR, then the environment variable
+\fB$EDITOR\fR, and finally the default editor,
+\fBvi\fR(1)\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands are:
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Редактировать базу данных групп\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR
+.RS 4
+Редактировать базу данных passwd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Не выводить сообщений при работе\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR
+.RS 4
+Редактировать базу данных shadow или gshadow\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ОКРУЖЕНИЕ"
+.PP
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+.RS 4
+Редактор, который будет вызван\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBEDITOR\fR
+.RS 4
+Editor to be used if
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+is not set\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о группах
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+содержит информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
+.RE
+.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
+.PP
+\fBvi\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5)
+,
+\fBpasswd\fR(5), ,
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/sg.1.xml b/man/sg.1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72bef70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sg.1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991       , Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY SYSLOG_SG_ENAB        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SG_ENAB.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='sg.1'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">User Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>sg</refname>
+    <refpurpose>execute command as different group ID</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+  <!-- body begins here -->
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>sg</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>- </arg>
+      <arg choice='opt'>group
+	<arg choice='opt'>-c </arg>
+	command
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+  <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>sg</command> command works similar to
+      <command>newgrp</command> but accepts a command. The command will be
+      executed with the <filename>/bin/sh</filename> shell. With most shells
+      you may run <command>sg</command> from, you need to enclose multi-word
+      commands in quotes. Another difference between
+      <command>newgrp</command> and <command>sg</command> is that some
+      shells treat <command>newgrp</command> specially, replacing themselves
+      with a new instance of a shell that <command>newgrp</command> creates.
+      This doesn't happen with <command>sg</command>, so upon exit from a
+      <command>sg</command> command you are returned to your previous group
+      ID.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &SYSLOG_SG_ENAB;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure user account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Group account information.</para>
+	 </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="gshadow">
+	<term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry><phrase condition="gshadow">,
+	<citerefentry>
+	  <refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+	</citerefentry>
+      </phrase>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/shadow.3.xml b/man/shadow.3.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d147f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/shadow.3.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='shadow.3'>
+  <!--  $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1989</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">Library Calls</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>shadow</refname>
+    <refname>getspnam</refname>
+    <refpurpose>encrypted password file routines</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='syntax'>
+    <title>SYNTAX</title>
+    <para>
+      <emphasis>#include &lt;shadow.h&gt;</emphasis>
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      <emphasis>struct spwd *getspent();</emphasis>
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      <emphasis>struct spwd *getspnam(char</emphasis> <emphasis
+      remap='I'>*name</emphasis><emphasis>);</emphasis>
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      <emphasis>void setspent();</emphasis>
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      <emphasis>void endspent();</emphasis>
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      <emphasis>struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE</emphasis> <emphasis
+      remap='I'>*fp</emphasis><emphasis>);</emphasis>
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      <emphasis>struct spwd *sgetspent(char</emphasis> <emphasis
+      remap='I'>*cp</emphasis><emphasis>);</emphasis>
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      <emphasis>int putspent(struct spwd</emphasis> <emphasis
+      remap='I'>*p,</emphasis> <emphasis>FILE</emphasis> <emphasis
+      remap='I'>*fp</emphasis><emphasis>);</emphasis>
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      <emphasis>int lckpwdf();</emphasis>
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      <emphasis>int ulckpwdf();</emphasis>
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      <emphasis remap='I'>shadow</emphasis> manipulates the contents of the
+      shadow password file, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. The structure
+      in the <emphasis remap='I'>#include</emphasis> file is:
+    </para>
+    <programlisting>struct spwd {
+      char		*sp_namp; /* user login name */
+      char		*sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */
+      long int		sp_lstchg; /* last password change */
+      long int		sp_min; /* days until change allowed. */
+      long int		sp_max; /* days before change required */
+      long int		sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */
+      long int		sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */
+      long int		sp_expire; /* date when account expires */
+      unsigned long int	sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */
+}
+    </programlisting>
+    <para>The meanings of each field are:</para>
+    <itemizedlist mark='bullet'>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>sp_namp - pointer to null-terminated user name</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>sp_pwdp - pointer to null-terminated password</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>sp_lstchg - days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>sp_min - days before which password may not be changed</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>sp_max - days after which password must be changed</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	 <para>sp_warn - days before password is to expire that user is warned of
+	   pending password expiration
+	 </para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>sp_inact - days after password expires that account is considered
+	  inactive and disabled
+	</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>sp_expire - days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>sp_flag - reserved for future use</para>
+      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description2'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      <emphasis>getspent</emphasis>, <emphasis>getspname</emphasis>,
+      <emphasis>fgetspent</emphasis>, and <emphasis>sgetspent</emphasis>
+      each return a pointer to a <emphasis>struct spwd</emphasis>.
+      <emphasis>getspent</emphasis> returns the next entry from the file,
+      and <emphasis>fgetspent</emphasis> returns the next entry from the
+      given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format.
+      <emphasis>sgetspent</emphasis> returns a pointer to a <emphasis>struct
+      spwd</emphasis> using the provided string as input.
+      <emphasis>getspnam</emphasis> searches from the current position in
+      the file for an entry matching <emphasis>name</emphasis>.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      <emphasis>setspent</emphasis> and <emphasis>endspent</emphasis> may be
+      used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password
+      file.
+    </para>
+    
+    <para>
+      The <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> and <emphasis>ulckpwdf</emphasis>
+      routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the
+      <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file.  <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis>
+      attempts to acquire a lock using <emphasis>pw_lock</emphasis> for up
+      to 15 seconds. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock
+      using <emphasis>spw_lock</emphasis> for the remainder of the initial
+      15 seconds. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds,
+      <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> returns -1. When both locks are acquired
+      0 is returned.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='diagnostics'>
+    <title>DIAGNOSTICS</title>
+    <para>
+      Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error
+      occurs during processing. Routines which have <emphasis>int</emphasis>
+      as the return value return 0 for success and
+      -1 for failure.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='caveats'>
+    <title>CAVEATS</title>
+    <para>
+      These routines may only be used by the superuser as access to the
+      shadow password file is restricted.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure user account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>getpwent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/shadow.5.xml b/man/shadow.5.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2ad44b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/shadow.5.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 - 1990, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2009, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='shadow.5'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1989</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">File Formats and Configuration Files</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>shadow</refname>
+    <refpurpose>shadowed password file</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      <filename>shadow</filename> is a file which contains the password
+      information for the system's accounts and optional aging
+      information.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      This file must not be readable by regular users if password security
+      is to be maintained.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons
+      (<quote>:</quote>), in the following order:
+    </para>
+
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><emphasis role="bold">login name</emphasis></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    It must be a valid account name, which exist on the system.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><emphasis role="bold">encrypted password</emphasis></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are
+	    required to authenticate as the specified login name.
+	    However, some applications which read the
+	    <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file may decide not to permit
+	    any access at all if the password field is empty.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means
+	    that the password is locked.  The remaining characters on the
+	    line represent the password field before the password was
+	    locked.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle>
+	    <manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details on how
+	    this string is interpreted.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If the password field contains some string that is not a valid
+	    result of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle>
+	    <manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, for instance ! or *,
+	    the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in
+	    (but the user may log in the system by other means).
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <emphasis role="bold">date of last password change</emphasis>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    The date of the last password change, expressed as the number
+	    of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user
+	    should change her password the next time she will log in the
+	    system.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    An empty field means that password aging features are
+	    disabled.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><emphasis role="bold">minimum password age</emphasis></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    The minimum password age is the number of days the user will
+	    have to wait before she will be allowed to change her password
+	    again.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum
+	    password age.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><emphasis role="bold">maximum password age</emphasis></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    The maximum password age is the number of days after which the
+	    user will have to change her password.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    After this number of days is elapsed, the password may still
+	    be valid.  The user should be asked to change her password the
+	    next time she will log in.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    An empty field means that there are no maximum password age,
+	    no password warning period, and no password inactivity period
+	    (see below).
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If the maximum password age is lower than the minimum password
+	    age, the user cannot change her password.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <emphasis role="bold">password warning period</emphasis>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    The number of days before a password is going to expire (see
+	    the maximum password age above) during which the user should
+	    be warned.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no password
+	    warning period.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <emphasis role="bold">password inactivity period</emphasis>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    The number of days after a password has expired (see the
+	    maximum password age above) during which the password should
+	    still be accepted (and the user should update her password
+	    during the next login).
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    After expiration of the password and this expiration period is
+	    elapsed, no login is possible for the user. The user should contact
+	    her administrator.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    An empty field means that there are no enforcement of an
+	    inactivity period.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <emphasis role="bold">account expiration date</emphasis>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number
+	    of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Note that an account expiration differs from a password
+	    expiration.  In case of an account expiration, the user shall
+	    not be allowed to login.  In case of a password expiration,
+	    the user is not allowed to login using her password.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    An empty field means that the account will never expire.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The value 0 should not be used as it is interpreted as either
+	    an account with no expiration, or as an expiration on Jan 1,
+	    1970.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><emphasis role="bold">reserved field</emphasis></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>This field is reserved for future use.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure user account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shadow-</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Backup file for /etc/shadow.</para>
+	  <para>
+	    Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow
+	    toolsuite, but not by all user and password management tools.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>pwconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/su.1.xml b/man/su.1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02cae5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/su.1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 - 1990, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY CONSOLE               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CONSOLE.xml">
+<!ENTITY CONSOLE_GROUPS        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CONSOLE_GROUPS.xml">
+<!ENTITY DEFAULT_HOME          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/DEFAULT_HOME.xml">
+<!ENTITY ENV_HZ                SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_HZ.xml">
+<!ENTITY ENVIRON_FILE          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENVIRON_FILE.xml">
+<!ENTITY ENV_PATH              SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_PATH.xml">
+<!ENTITY ENV_SUPATH            SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_SUPATH.xml">
+<!ENTITY ENV_TZ                SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_TZ.xml">
+<!ENTITY LOGIN_STRING          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LOGIN_STRING.xml">
+<!ENTITY MAIL_CHECK_ENAB       SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAIL_CHECK_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY MAIL_DIR              SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAIL_DIR.xml">
+<!ENTITY QUOTAS_ENAB           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/QUOTAS_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY SULOG_FILE            SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SULOG_FILE.xml">
+<!ENTITY SU_NAME               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SU_NAME.xml">
+<!ENTITY SU_WHEEL_ONLY         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SU_WHEEL_ONLY.xml">
+<!ENTITY SYSLOG_SU_ENAB        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SU_ENAB.xml">
+<!ENTITY USERGROUPS_ENAB       SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USERGROUPS_ENAB.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='su.1'>
+  <!--  $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1989</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">User Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>su</refname>
+    <refpurpose>change user ID or become superuser</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>su</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+          <replaceable>options</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+          <replaceable>-</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+          <replaceable>username</replaceable>
+          <arg choice='opt'>
+              <replaceable>args</replaceable>
+          </arg>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>su</command> command is used to become another user during a
+      login session. Invoked without a <option>username</option>,
+      <command>su</command> defaults to becoming the superuser. The
+      <option>-</option> option may be used to provide an environment similar
+      to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly. The
+      <option>-c</option> option may be used to treat the next argument as a
+      command by most shells.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list. You can use the
+      <option>--</option> argument to stop option parsing. The
+      <option>-</option> option is special: it is also recognized after
+      <option>--</option>, but has to be placed before
+      <option>username</option>.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>The user will be prompted for a password, if appropriate. Invalid
+      passwords will produce an error message. All attempts, both valid and
+      invalid, are logged to detect abuse of the system.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of
+      <envar>$PATH</envar> is reset to <filename>/bin:/usr/bin</filename>
+      for normal users, or <filename>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</filename>
+      for the superuser. This may be changed with the
+      <option>ENV_PATH</option> and <option>ENV_SUPATH</option>
+      definitions in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a "*" as the first
+      character of the login shell. The given home directory will be used as
+      the root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>The options which apply to the <command>su</command> command are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-c</option>, <option>--command</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its
+	    <option>-c</option>.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The executed command will have no controlling terminal. This
+	    option cannot be used to execute interactive programs which
+	    need a controlling TTY.
+	    <!-- This avoids TTY hijacking when su is used to lower
+	         privileges -->
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had
+	    the user logged in directly.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    When <option>-</option> is used, it must be specified before any
+	    <option>username</option>.  For portability it is recommended
+	    to use it as last option, before any
+	    <option>username</option>.  The other forms
+	    (<option>-l</option> and <option>--login</option>)
+	    do not have this restriction.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>The shell that will be invoked.</para>
+	  <para>
+	    The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first):
+	    <!--This should be an ordered list, but lists inside another
+	        list does not work well with current docbook.
+	        - nekral - 2009.06.03 -->
+	    <variablelist>
+	      <varlistentry><term></term><listitem>
+		<para>The shell specified with --shell.</para>
+	      </listitem></varlistentry>
+	      <varlistentry><term></term><listitem>
+		<para>
+		  If <option>--preserve-environment</option> is used, the
+		  shell specified by the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environment
+		  variable.
+		</para>
+	      </listitem></varlistentry>
+	      <varlistentry><term></term><listitem>
+		<para>
+		  The shell indicated in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>
+		  entry for the target user.
+		</para>
+	      </listitem></varlistentry>
+	      <varlistentry><term></term><listitem>
+		<para><filename>/bin/sh</filename> if a shell could not be
+		found by any above method.</para>
+	      </listitem></varlistentry>
+	    </variablelist>
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of
+	    this user's entry in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> is not
+	    listed in <filename>/etc/shells</filename>), then the
+	    <option>--shell</option> option or the <envar>$SHELL</envar>
+	    environment variable won't be taken into account, unless
+	    <command>su</command> is called by root.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-m</option>, <option>-p</option>,
+	  <option>--preserve-environment</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Preserve the current environment, except for:
+	    <variablelist>
+	      <varlistentry>
+		<term><envar>$PATH</envar></term>
+		<listitem>
+		  <para>
+		    reset according to the
+		    <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> options
+		    <option>ENV_PATH</option> or
+		    <option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (see below);
+		  </para>
+		</listitem>
+	      </varlistentry>
+	      <varlistentry>
+		<term><envar>$IFS</envar></term>
+		<listitem>
+		  <para>
+		    reset to
+		    <quote>&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;</quote>,
+		    if it was set.
+		  </para>
+		</listitem>
+	      </varlistentry>
+	    </variablelist>
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no
+	    effect (unless <command>su</command> is called by root).
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Note that the default behavior for the environment is the
+	    following:
+	    <variablelist>
+	      <varlistentry><term></term><listitem>
+		  <para>
+		    The <envar>$HOME</envar>, <envar>$SHELL</envar>,
+		    <envar>$USER</envar>, <envar>$LOGNAME</envar>,
+		    <envar>$PATH</envar>, and <envar>$IFS</envar>
+		    environment variables are reset.
+		  </para>
+		</listitem>
+	      </varlistentry>
+	      <varlistentry><term></term><listitem>
+		  <para>
+		    If <option>--login</option> is not used, the
+		    environment is copied, except for the variables above.
+		  </para>
+		</listitem>
+	      </varlistentry>
+	      <varlistentry><term></term><listitem>
+		  <para>
+		    If <option>--login</option> is used, the
+		    <envar>$TERM</envar>, <envar>$COLORTERM</envar>,
+		    <envar>$DISPLAY</envar>, and
+		    <envar>$XAUTHORITY</envar> environment variables are
+		    copied if they were set.
+		  </para>
+		</listitem>
+	      </varlistentry>
+	      <varlistentry condition="no_pam"><term></term><listitem>
+		  <para>
+		    If <option>--login</option> is used, the
+		    <envar>$TZ</envar>, <envar>$HZ</envar>, and
+		    <envar>$MAIL</envar> environment
+		    variables are set according to the 
+		    <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>
+		    options <option>ENV_TZ</option>,
+		    <option>ENV_HZ</option>, <option>MAIL_DIR</option>, and
+		    <option>MAIL_FILE</option> (see below).
+		  </para>
+		</listitem>
+	      </varlistentry>
+	      <varlistentry condition="no_pam"><term></term><listitem>
+		  <para>
+		    If <option>--login</option> is used, other environment
+		    variables might be set by the
+		    <option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> file (see below).
+		  </para>
+		</listitem>
+	      </varlistentry>
+	      <varlistentry condition="pam"><term></term><listitem>
+		  <para>
+		    Other environments might be set by PAM modules.
+		  </para>
+		</listitem>
+	      </varlistentry>
+	    </variablelist>
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='caveats'>
+    <title>CAVEATS</title>
+    <para>
+      This version of <command>su</command> has many compilation options,
+      only some of which may be in use at any particular site.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &CONSOLE;
+      &CONSOLE_GROUPS;
+      &DEFAULT_HOME;
+      <phrase condition="no_pam">&ENV_HZ;</phrase>
+      &ENVIRON_FILE;
+      &ENV_PATH;
+      &ENV_SUPATH;
+      &ENV_TZ;
+      <phrase condition="no_pam">&LOGIN_STRING;</phrase>
+      &MAIL_CHECK_ENAB;
+      <phrase condition="no_pam">&MAIL_DIR;</phrase>
+      &QUOTAS_ENAB;
+      &SULOG_FILE;
+      &SU_NAME;
+      &SU_WHEEL_ONLY;
+      &SYSLOG_SU_ENAB;
+      <phrase condition="no_pam">&USERGROUPS_ENAB;</phrase>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure user account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='exit_values'>
+    <title>EXIT VALUES</title>
+    <para>
+      On success, <command>su</command> returns the exit value of the
+      command it executed.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      If this command was terminated by a signal, <command>su</command>
+      returns the number of this signal plus 128.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate,
+      and the command did not terminate in time), <command>su</command>
+      returns 255.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      Some exit values from <command>su</command> are independent from the
+      executed command:
+      <variablelist>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>0</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>success (<option>--help</option> only)</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>1</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>System or authentication failure</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>126</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>The requested command was not found</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>127</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>The requested command could not be executed</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para><citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/suauth.5.xml b/man/suauth.5.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbdfa25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/suauth.5.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1996       , Marek Michałkiewicz
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2001 - 2006, Tomasz Kłoczko
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='suauth.5'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Marek</firstname>
+      <surname>Michałkiewicz</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1996</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>suauth</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">File Formats and Configuration Files</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>suauth</refname>
+    <refpurpose>detailed su control file</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+  <!-- body begins here -->
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>/etc/suauth</command>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The file <filename>/etc/suauth</filename> is referenced whenever the
+      su command is called. It can change the behaviour of the su command,
+      based upon:
+    </para>
+
+    <!-- .RS -->
+    <literallayout remap='.nf'>
+      1) the user su is targeting
+    </literallayout>
+    <!-- .fi -->
+    <para>
+      2) the user executing the su command (or any groups he might be
+      a member of)
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      The file is formatted like this, with lines starting with a # being
+      treated as comment lines and ignored;
+    </para>
+
+    <literallayout remap='RS'>
+      to-id:from-id:ACTION
+    </literallayout>
+
+    <para>
+      Where to-id is either the word <emphasis>ALL</emphasis>, a list of
+      usernames delimited by "," or the words <emphasis>ALL
+      EXCEPT</emphasis> followed by a list of usernames delimited by ",".
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word
+      <emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> is recognized. <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT
+      GROUP</emphasis> is perfectly valid too. Following
+      <emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> appears one or more group names, delimited
+      by ",". It is not sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant
+      group, an entry in
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>/etc/group</refentrytitle>
+      <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> is necessary.
+    </para>
+
+    <para> 
+      Action can be one only of the following currently supported options.
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='TP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <emphasis>DENY</emphasis>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>The attempt to su is stopped before a password is
+	    even asked for.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <emphasis>NOPASS</emphasis>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    The attempt to su is automatically successful; no password is
+	    asked for.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <emphasis>OWNPASS</emphasis>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    For the su command to be successful, the user must enter his or
+	    her own password. They are told this.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+
+    <para>
+      Note there are three separate fields delimited by a colon. No
+      whitespace must surround this colon. Also note that the file is
+      examined sequentially line by line, and the first applicable rule is
+      used without examining the file further. This makes it possible for a
+      system administrator to exercise as fine control as he or she wishes.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='example'>
+    <title>EXAMPLE</title>
+    <literallayout remap='.nf'>
+      # sample /etc/suauth file
+      #
+      # A couple of privileged usernames may
+      # su to root with their own password.
+      #
+      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS
+      #
+      # Anyone else may not su to root unless in
+      # group wheel. This is how BSD does things.
+      #
+      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY
+      #
+      # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts
+      # owned by the same person.
+      # Access can be arranged between them
+      # with no password.
+      #
+      terry:birddog:NOPASS
+      birddog:terry:NOPASS
+      #
+    </literallayout>
+    <!-- .fi -->
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/suauth</filename></term>
+	<listitem><para></para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='bugs'>
+    <title>BUGS</title>
+    <para>
+      There could be plenty lurking. The file parser is particularly
+      unforgiving about syntax errors, expecting no spurious whitespace
+      (apart from beginning and end of lines), and a specific token
+      delimiting different things.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='diagnostics'>
+    <title>DIAGNOSTICS</title>
+    <para>
+      An error parsing the file is reported using
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslogd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+      as level ERR on facility AUTH.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/subgid.5.xml b/man/subgid.5.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e473768
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/subgid.5.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013 Eric W. Biederman
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='subgid.5'>
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Eric</firstname>
+      <surname>Biederman</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 2013</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Iker</firstname>
+      <surname>Pedrosa</surname>
+      <contrib>Developer, 2021</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>subgid</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">File Formats and Configuration Files</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>subgid</refname>
+    <refpurpose>the configuration for subordinate group ids</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      Subgid authorizes a group id to map ranges of group ids from its namespace
+      into child namespaces.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The delegation of the subordinate gids can be configured via the
+      <replaceable>subid</replaceable> field in
+      <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file. Only one value can be set
+      as the delegation source. Setting this field to
+      <replaceable>files</replaceable> configures the delegation of gids to
+      <filename>/etc/subgid</filename>. Setting any other value treats
+      the delegation as a plugin following with a name of the form
+      <replaceable>libsubid_$value.so</replaceable>. If the value or plugin is
+      missing, then the subordinate gid delegation falls back to
+      <replaceable>files</replaceable>.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      Note, that <command>groupadd</command> will only create entries in
+      <filename>/etc/subgid</filename> if subid delegation is managed via subid
+      files.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='local-subordinate-delegation'>
+    <title>LOCAL SUBORDINATE DELEGATION</title>
+    <para>
+      Each line in <filename>/etc/subgid</filename> contains
+      a user name and a range of subordinate group ids that user
+      is allowed to use.
+
+      This is specified with three fields delimited by colons
+      (<quote>:</quote>).
+      These fields are:
+    </para>
+    <itemizedlist mark='bullet'>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>login name or UID</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>numerical subordinate group ID</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>numerical subordinate group ID count</para>
+      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+
+    <para>
+      This file specifies the group IDs that ordinary users can use, with
+      the <command>newgidmap</command> command, to configure gid mapping
+      in a user namespace.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      Multiple ranges may be specified per user.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      When large number of entries (10000-100000 or more) are defined in
+      <filename>/etc/subgid</filename>, parsing performance penalty will
+      become noticeable. In this case it is recommended to use UIDs
+      instead of login names. Benchmarks have shown speed-ups up to 20x.
+    </para>
+
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/subgid</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Per user subordinate group IDs.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/subgid-</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Backup file for /etc/subgid.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>newgidmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>newuidmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>user_namespaces</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/subuid.5.xml b/man/subuid.5.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc6b2c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/subuid.5.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013 Eric W. Biederman
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='subuid.5'>
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Eric</firstname>
+      <surname>Biederman</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 2013</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Iker</firstname>
+      <surname>Pedrosa</surname>
+      <contrib>Developer, 2021</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">File Formats and Configuration Files</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>subuid</refname>
+    <refpurpose>the configuration for subordinate user ids</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      Subuid authorizes a user id to map ranges of user ids from its namespace
+      into child namespaces.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The delegation of the subordinate uids can be configured via the
+      <replaceable>subid</replaceable> field in
+      <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file. Only one value can be set
+      as the delegation source. Setting this field to
+      <replaceable>files</replaceable> configures the delegation of uids to
+      <filename>/etc/subuid</filename>. Setting any other value treats
+      the delegation as a plugin following with a name of the form
+      <replaceable>libsubid_$value.so</replaceable>. If the value or plugin is
+      missing, then the subordinate uid delegation falls back to
+      <replaceable>files</replaceable>.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      Note, that <command>useradd</command> will only create entries in
+      <filename>/etc/subuid</filename> if subid delegation is managed via subid
+      files.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='local-subordinate-delegation'>
+    <title>LOCAL SUBORDINATE DELEGATION</title>
+    <para>
+      Each line in <filename>/etc/subuid</filename> contains
+      a user name and a range of subordinate user ids that user
+      is allowed to use.
+
+      This is specified with three fields delimited by colons
+      (<quote>:</quote>).
+      These fields are:
+    </para>
+    <itemizedlist mark='bullet'>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>login name or UID</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>numerical subordinate user ID</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+	<para>numerical subordinate user ID count</para>
+      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+
+    <para>
+      This file specifies the user IDs that ordinary users can use, with
+      the <command>newuidmap</command> command, to configure uid mapping
+      in a user namespace.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      Multiple ranges may be specified per user.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      When large number of entries (10000-100000 or more) are defined in
+      <filename>/etc/subuid</filename>, parsing performance penalty will
+      become noticeable. In this case it is recommended to use UIDs
+      instead of login names. Benchmarks have shown speed-ups up to 20x.
+    </para>
+
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/subuid</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Per user subordinate user IDs.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/subuid-</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Backup file for /etc/subuid.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>newgidmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>newuidmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>subgid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>user_namespaces</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sulogin.8.xml b/man/sulogin.8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da4a7e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sulogin.8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 - 1992, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY ENV_HZ                SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_HZ.xml">
+<!ENTITY ENV_TZ                SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_TZ.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='sulogin.8'>
+  <!--  $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1989</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>sulogin</refname>
+    <refpurpose>Single-user login</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='syntax'>
+    <title>SYNTAX</title>
+    <para><command>sulogin</command> [<emphasis remap='I'>tty-device</emphasis>]
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>sulogin</command> command is invoked by <command>init</command>
+      prior to allowing the user access to the system when in single user mode.
+      This feature may only be available on certain systems where
+      <command>init</command> has been modified accordingly, or where the
+      <filename>/etc/inittab</filename> has an entry for a single user
+      login.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>The user is prompted</para>
+
+    <para>Type control-d to proceed with normal startup,
+      <!-- .br -->
+      (or give root password for system maintenance):
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      Input and output will be performed with the standard file descriptors
+      unless the optional device name argument is provided.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      If the user enters the correct root password, a login session is
+      initiated. When <emphasis>EOF</emphasis> is pressed instead, the
+      system enters multi-user mode.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      After the user exits the single-user shell, or presses
+      <emphasis>EOF</emphasis>, the system begins the initialization process
+      required to enter multi-user mode.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='caveats'>
+    <title>CAVEATS</title>
+    <para>
+      This command can only be used if <command>init</command> has been
+      modified to call <command>sulogin</command> instead of
+      <filename>/bin/sh</filename>, or if the user has set the <emphasis
+      remap='I'>inittab</emphasis> to support a single user login. For
+      example, the line:
+    </para>
+
+    <para>co:s:respawn:/etc/sulogin /dev/console</para>
+
+    <para>should execute the sulogin command in single user mode.</para>
+
+    <para>
+      As complete an environment as possible is created. However, various
+      devices may be unmounted or uninitialized and many of the user
+      commands may be unavailable or nonfunctional as a result.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &ENV_HZ;
+      &ENV_TZ;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure user account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sv/Makefile.am b/man/sv/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e64b7bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+mandir = @mandir@/sv
+
+# 2012.01.28 - activate manpages with more than 50% translated messages
+man_MANS = \
+	man1/chage.1 \
+	man1/chsh.1 \
+	man1/expiry.1 \
+	man5/faillog.5 \
+	man8/faillog.8 \
+	man3/getspnam.3 \
+	man8/groupadd.8 \
+	man8/groupdel.8 \
+	man8/groupmems.8 \
+	man8/groupmod.8 \
+	man1/groups.1 \
+	man8/grpck.8 \
+	man5/gshadow.5 \
+	man8/lastlog.8 \
+	man8/logoutd.8 \
+	man1/newgrp.1 \
+	man8/nologin.8 \
+	man1/passwd.1 \
+	man5/passwd.5 \
+	man8/pwck.8 \
+	man1/sg.1 \
+	man3/shadow.3 \
+	man5/suauth.5 \
+	man8/userdel.8 \
+	man8/vigr.8 \
+	man8/vipw.8
+
+man_nopam = \
+	man5/limits.5 \
+	man5/porttime.5
+
+if !USE_PAM
+man_MANS += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+EXTRA_DIST = \
+	$(man_MANS) \
+	man1/id.1
+
+if USE_PAM
+EXTRA_DIST += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+include ../generate_translations.mak
+
diff --git a/man/sv/Makefile.in b/man/sv/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6b562c
--- /dev/null
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+ac_ct_DUMPBIN = @ac_ct_DUMPBIN@
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+build_vendor = @build_vendor@
+builddir = @builddir@
+capcmd = @capcmd@
+datadir = @datadir@
+datarootdir = @datarootdir@
+docdir = @docdir@
+dvidir = @dvidir@
+exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@
+host = @host@
+host_alias = @host_alias@
+host_cpu = @host_cpu@
+host_os = @host_os@
+host_vendor = @host_vendor@
+htmldir = @htmldir@
+includedir = @includedir@
+infodir = @infodir@
+install_sh = @install_sh@
+libdir = @libdir@
+libexecdir = @libexecdir@
+localedir = @localedir@
+localstatedir = @localstatedir@
+mandir = @mandir@/sv
+mkdir_p = @mkdir_p@
+oldincludedir = @oldincludedir@
+pdfdir = @pdfdir@
+prefix = @prefix@
+program_transform_name = @program_transform_name@
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+target_alias = @target_alias@
+top_build_prefix = @top_build_prefix@
+top_builddir = @top_builddir@
+top_srcdir = @top_srcdir@
+
+# 2012.01.28 - activate manpages with more than 50% translated messages
+man_MANS = man1/chage.1 man1/chsh.1 man1/expiry.1 man5/faillog.5 \
+	man8/faillog.8 man3/getspnam.3 man8/groupadd.8 man8/groupdel.8 \
+	man8/groupmems.8 man8/groupmod.8 man1/groups.1 man8/grpck.8 \
+	man5/gshadow.5 man8/lastlog.8 man8/logoutd.8 man1/newgrp.1 \
+	man8/nologin.8 man1/passwd.1 man5/passwd.5 man8/pwck.8 \
+	man1/sg.1 man3/shadow.3 man5/suauth.5 man8/userdel.8 \
+	man8/vigr.8 man8/vipw.8 $(am__append_1)
+man_nopam = \
+	man5/limits.5 \
+	man5/porttime.5
+
+EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS) man1/id.1 $(am__append_2)
+LANG = $(notdir $(CURDIR))
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@USE_PAM_FALSE@PAM_COND = no_pam
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@USE_PAM_TRUE@PAM_COND = pam
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@SHADOWGRP_FALSE@SHADOWGRP_COND = no_gshadow
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@SHADOWGRP_TRUE@SHADOWGRP_COND = gshadow
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@WITH_TCB_FALSE@TCB_COND = no_tcb
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@WITH_TCB_TRUE@TCB_COND = tcb
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@USE_SHA_CRYPT_FALSE@SHA_CRYPT_COND = no_sha_crypt
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@USE_SHA_CRYPT_TRUE@SHA_CRYPT_COND = sha_crypt
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@ENABLE_SUBIDS_FALSE@SUBIDS_COND = no_subids
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@ENABLE_SUBIDS_TRUE@SUBIDS_COND = subids
+CLEANFILES = messages.mo login.defs.d $(EXTRA_DIST) $(addsuffix .xml,$(EXTRA_DIST)) config.xml
+all: all-am
+
+.SUFFIXES:
+$(srcdir)/Makefile.in: @MAINTAINER_MODE_TRUE@ $(srcdir)/Makefile.am $(srcdir)/../generate_translations.mak $(srcdir)/../generate_mans.mak $(am__configure_deps)
+	@for dep in $?; do \
+	  case '$(am__configure_deps)' in \
+	    *$$dep*) \
+	      ( cd $(top_builddir) && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) am--refresh ) \
+	        && { if test -f $@; then exit 0; else break; fi; }; \
+	      exit 1;; \
+	  esac; \
+	done; \
+	echo ' cd $(top_srcdir) && $(AUTOMAKE) --foreign man/sv/Makefile'; \
+	$(am__cd) $(top_srcdir) && \
+	  $(AUTOMAKE) --foreign man/sv/Makefile
+Makefile: $(srcdir)/Makefile.in $(top_builddir)/config.status
+	@case '$?' in \
+	  *config.status*) \
+	    cd $(top_builddir) && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) am--refresh;; \
+	  *) \
+	    echo ' cd $(top_builddir) && $(SHELL) ./config.status $(subdir)/$@ $(am__maybe_remake_depfiles)'; \
+	    cd $(top_builddir) && $(SHELL) ./config.status $(subdir)/$@ $(am__maybe_remake_depfiles);; \
+	esac;
+$(srcdir)/../generate_translations.mak $(srcdir)/../generate_mans.mak $(am__empty):
+
+$(top_builddir)/config.status: $(top_srcdir)/configure $(CONFIG_STATUS_DEPENDENCIES)
+	cd $(top_builddir) && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) am--refresh
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+$(top_srcdir)/configure: @MAINTAINER_MODE_TRUE@ $(am__configure_deps)
+	cd $(top_builddir) && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) am--refresh
+$(ACLOCAL_M4): @MAINTAINER_MODE_TRUE@ $(am__aclocal_m4_deps)
+	cd $(top_builddir) && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) am--refresh
+$(am__aclocal_m4_deps):
+
+mostlyclean-libtool:
+	-rm -f *.lo
+
+clean-libtool:
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+install-man1: $(man_MANS)
+	@$(NORMAL_INSTALL)
+	@list1=''; \
+	list2='$(man_MANS)'; \
+	test -n "$(man1dir)" \
+	  && test -n "`echo $$list1$$list2`" \
+	  || exit 0; \
+	echo " $(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)'"; \
+	$(MKDIR_P) "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)" || exit 1; \
+	{ for i in $$list1; do echo "$$i"; done;  \
+	if test -n "$$list2"; then \
+	  for i in $$list2; do echo "$$i"; done \
+	    | sed -n '/\.1[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	fi; \
+	} | while read p; do \
+	  if test -f $$p; then d=; else d="$(srcdir)/"; fi; \
+	  echo "$$d$$p"; echo "$$p"; \
+	done | \
+	sed -e 'n;s,.*/,,;p;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^1][0-9a-z]*$$,1,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,' | \
+	sed 'N;N;s,\n, ,g' | { \
+	list=; while read file base inst; do \
+	  if test "$$base" = "$$inst"; then list="$$list $$file"; else \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) '$$file' '$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/$$inst'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) "$$file" "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/$$inst" || exit $$?; \
+	  fi; \
+	done; \
+	for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done | $(am__base_list) | \
+	while read files; do \
+	  test -z "$$files" || { \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files '$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)" || exit $$?; }; \
+	done; }
+
+uninstall-man1:
+	@$(NORMAL_UNINSTALL)
+	@list=''; test -n "$(man1dir)" || exit 0; \
+	files=`{ for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done; \
+	l2='$(man_MANS)'; for i in $$l2; do echo "$$i"; done | \
+	  sed -n '/\.1[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	} | sed -e 's,.*/,,;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^1][0-9a-z]*$$,1,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,'`; \
+	dir='$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)'; $(am__uninstall_files_from_dir)
+install-man3: $(man_MANS)
+	@$(NORMAL_INSTALL)
+	@list1=''; \
+	list2='$(man_MANS)'; \
+	test -n "$(man3dir)" \
+	  && test -n "`echo $$list1$$list2`" \
+	  || exit 0; \
+	echo " $(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(man3dir)'"; \
+	$(MKDIR_P) "$(DESTDIR)$(man3dir)" || exit 1; \
+	{ for i in $$list1; do echo "$$i"; done;  \
+	if test -n "$$list2"; then \
+	  for i in $$list2; do echo "$$i"; done \
+	    | sed -n '/\.3[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	fi; \
+	} | while read p; do \
+	  if test -f $$p; then d=; else d="$(srcdir)/"; fi; \
+	  echo "$$d$$p"; echo "$$p"; \
+	done | \
+	sed -e 'n;s,.*/,,;p;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^3][0-9a-z]*$$,3,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,' | \
+	sed 'N;N;s,\n, ,g' | { \
+	list=; while read file base inst; do \
+	  if test "$$base" = "$$inst"; then list="$$list $$file"; else \
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+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) "$$file" "$(DESTDIR)$(man3dir)/$$inst" || exit $$?; \
+	  fi; \
+	done; \
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+	while read files; do \
+	  test -z "$$files" || { \
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+	done; }
+
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+tags TAGS:
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+ctags CTAGS:
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+cscope cscopelist:
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+distdir: $(BUILT_SOURCES)
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+distdir-am: $(DISTFILES)
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+	    || cp -p $$d/$$file "$(distdir)/$$file" \
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+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@clean-local:
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	rm -rf man1 man3 man5 man8
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+#$(man_MANS):
+#	@echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages
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diff --git a/man/sv/man1/chage.1 b/man/sv/man1/chage.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae3159e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man1/chage.1
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chage
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Anv\(:andarkommandon
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "CHAGE" "1" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Anv\(:andarkommandon"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+chage \- \(:andra \(oaldringsinformation f\(:or anv\(:andarl\(:osenord
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBchage\fR\ 'u
+\fBchage\fR [\fIflaggor\fR] \fIINLOGGNINGSNAMN\fR
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change\&. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password\&.
+.SH "FLAGGOR"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchage\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-lastday\fR\ \&\fILAST_DAY\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last changed\&. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY\-MM\-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)\&. If the
+\fILAST_DAY\fR
+is set to
+\fI0\fR
+the user is forced to change his password on the next log on\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on which the user\*(Aqs account will no longer be accessible\&. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY\-MM\-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&.
+.sp
+For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 days:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+	    chage \-E $(date \-d +180days +%Y\-%m\-%d)
+	  
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+will remove an account expiration date\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Visa hj\(:alpmeddelande och avsluta\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-iso8601\fR
+.RS 4
+When printing dates, use YYYY\-MM\-DD format\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked\&. The
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+option is the number of days of inactivity\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as the
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+will remove an account\*(Aqs inactivity\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+Visa kontots \(oaldringsinformation
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
+\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid\&. When
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+plus
+\fILAST_DAY\fR
+is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account\&. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the
+\fB\-W\fR
+option, which provides the user with advance warning\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The
+\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If none of the options are selected,
+\fBchage\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of
+\fI[ ]\fR
+marks\&.
+.SH "NOTERA"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+program requires a shadow password file to be available\&.
+.PP
+The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password file\&. This implies that configuration from other sources (e\&.g\&. LDAP or empty password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user\*(Aqs login will not be shown in the chage output\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+program will also not report any inconsistency between the shadow and passwd files (e\&.g\&. missing x in the passwd file)\&. The
+\fBpwck\fR
+can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command is restricted to the root user, except for the
+\fB\-l\fR
+option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+S\(:aker anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVSLUTNINGSV\(:ARDEN"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+permission denied
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI15\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt find the shadow password file
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man1/chsh.1 b/man/sv/man1/chsh.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f89f3d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man1/chsh.1
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chsh
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Anv\(:andarkommandon
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "CHSH" "1" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Anv\(:andarkommandon"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+chsh \- \(:andra inloggningsskal
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBchsh\fR\ 'u
+\fBchsh\fR [\fIflaggor\fR] [\fIINLOGGNINGSNAMN\fR]
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchsh\fR
+command changes the user login shell\&. This determines the name of the user\*(Aqs initial login command\&. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account\&.
+.SH "FLAGGOR"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchsh\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Visa hj\(:alpmeddelande och avsluta\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the user\*(Aqs new login shell\&. Setting this field to blank causes the system to select the default login shell\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If the
+\fB\-s\fR
+option is not selected,
+\fBchsh\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell\&. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one\&. The current shell is displayed between a pair of
+\fI[ ]\fR
+marks\&.
+.SH "NOTERA"
+.PP
+The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must be listed in
+/etc/shells, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added\&. An account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell\&. For this reason, placing
+/bin/rsh
+in
+/etc/shells
+is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shells
+.RS 4
+Lista p\(oa giltiga inloggningsskal\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man1/expiry.1 b/man/sv/man1/expiry.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4891a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man1/expiry.1
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: expiry
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Anv\(:andarkommandon
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "EXPIRY" "1" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Anv\(:andarkommandon"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+expiry \- kontrollera och uppr\(:atth\(oall policy f\(:or l\(:osenordsutg\(oang
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBexpiry\fR\ 'u
+\fBexpiry\fR \fIoption\fR
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+The
+\fBexpiry\fR
+command checks (\fB\-c\fR) the current password expiration and forces (\fB\-f\fR) changes when required\&. It is callable as a normal user command\&.
+.SH "FLAGGOR"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBexpiry\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR
+.RS 4
+Check the password expiration of the current user\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+Force a password change if the current user has an expired password\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Visa hj\(:alpmeddelande och avsluta\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+S\(:aker anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man1/groups.1 b/man/sv/man1/groups.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6e06d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man1/groups.1
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groups
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Anv\(:andarkommandon
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPS" "1" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Anv\(:andarkommandon"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+groups \- visa aktuella gruppnamn
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroups\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroups\fR [\fIanv\(:andare\fR]
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroups\fR
+command displays the current group names or ID values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value\&. The optional
+\fIuser\fR
+parameter will display the groups for the named user\&.
+.SH "NOTERA"
+.PP
+Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)) will have the information from
+/etc/group
+reported\&. The user must use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+or
+\fBsg\fR
+to change his current real and effective group ID\&.
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man1/id.1 b/man/sv/man1/id.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c94a96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man1/id.1
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: id
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Anv\(:andarkommandon
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "ID" "1" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Anv\(:andarkommandon"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+id \- display current user and group ID names
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBid\fR\ 'u
+\fBid\fR [\-a]
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+The
+\fBid\fR
+command displays the current real and effective user and group ID names or values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/passwd
+or
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed without the corresponding name\&. The optional
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag will display the group set on systems which support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3))\&.
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)
diff --git a/man/sv/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/sv/man1/newgrp.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f39894
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man1/newgrp.1
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newgrp
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Anv\(:andarkommandon
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "NEWGRP" "1" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Anv\(:andarkommandon"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+newgrp \- logga in i en ny grupp
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBnewgrp\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewgrp\fR [\-] [\fIgrupp\fR]
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+command is used to change the current group ID during a login session\&. If the optional
+\fB\-\fR
+flag is given, the user\*(Aqs environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged\&.
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in
+/etc/passwd
+if no group name is given\&.
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+also tries to add the group to the user groupset\&. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in
+/etc/shadow
+if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in
+/etc/passwd
+otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password\&. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member\&.
+.PP
+If there is an entry for this group in
+/etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in
+/etc/group
+is considered\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+S\(:aker anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+S\(:aker gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsg\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man1/passwd.1 b/man/sv/man1/passwd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..823ed02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man1/passwd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: passwd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Anv\(:andarkommandon
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "PASSWD" "1" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Anv\(:andarkommandon"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+passwd \- \(:andra anv\(:andarl\(:osenord
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBpasswd\fR [\fIflaggor\fR] [\fIINLOGGNINGSNAMN\fR]
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command changes passwords for user accounts\&. A normal user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR
+also changes the account or associated password validity period\&.
+.SS "L\(:osenords\(:andringar"
+.PP
+The user is first prompted for their old password, if one is present\&. This password is then encrypted and compared against the stored password\&. The user has only one chance to enter the correct password\&. The superuser is permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten passwords may be changed\&.
+.PP
+After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time\&. If not,
+\fBpasswd\fR
+refuses to change the password and exits\&.
+.PP
+Anv\(:andaren fr\(oagas sedan tv\(oa g\(oanger efter ett ers\(:attande l\(:osenord\&. Den andra inmatningen j\(:amf\(:ors mot den f\(:orsta och b\(oada m\(oaste st\(:amma \(:overens f\(:or att l\(:osenordet ska \(:andras\&.
+.PP
+Sedan testas l\(:osenordet f\(:or sin komplexitet\&. Som en allm\(:an riktlinje b\(:or l\(:osenord inneh\(oalla 6 till 8 tecken och inkluderas ett eller flera tecken fr\(oan var och en av f\(:oljande punkter:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+gemena bokst\(:aver ur alfabetet
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+siffrorna 0 till 9
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+skiljetecken
+.RE
+.PP
+Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill characters\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR
+will reject any password which is not suitably complex\&.
+.SS "Tips f\(:or anv\(:andarl\(:osenord"
+.PP
+The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space\&. The legacy
+\fIUNIX\fR
+System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm\&. More recent methods are now recommended (see
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR)\&. The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected\&.
+.PP
+Problem i l\(:osenordss\(:akerheten brukar normalt komma fr\(oan slarvigt valda l\(:osenord eller hantering\&. Av denna anledning b\(:or du inte v\(:alja ett l\(:osenord som finns i en ordbok eller som m\(oaste skrivas ner\&. L\(:osenordet b\(:or heller inte vara ett korrekt namn, ditt personnummer, f\(:odelsedatum eller gatuadress\&. Dessa kan anv\(:andas som gissningar f\(:or att ta sig in i systemet\&.
+.PP
+You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en\&.wikipedia\&.org/wiki/Password_strength
+.SH "FLAGGOR"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+.RS 4
+This option can be used only with
+\fB\-S\fR
+and causes show status for all users\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR
+.RS 4
+Ta bort en anv\(:andares l\(:osenord (g\(:or det blankt)\&. Detta \(:ar ett snabbt s\(:att att inaktivera ett l\(:osenord f\(:or ett konto\&. Det kommer att ta bort det angivna kontots l\(:osenord\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expire\fR
+.RS 4
+L\(:osenordet f\(:or ett konto s\(:atts omedelbart som utg\(oanget\&. Detta kan tvinga en anv\(:andare att \(:andra sitt l\(:osenord vid n\(:asta inloggningsf\(:ors\(:ok\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Visa hj\(:alpmeddelande och avsluta\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+This option is used to disable an account after the password has been expired for a number of days\&. After a user account has had an expired password for
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+days, the user may no longer sign on to the account\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-tokens\fR
+.RS 4
+Indicate password change should be performed only for expired authentication tokens (passwords)\&. The user wishes to keep their non\-expired tokens as before\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock the password of the named account\&. This option disables a password by changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it adds a \(aa!\(aa at the beginning of the password)\&.
+.sp
+Note that this does not disable the account\&. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e\&.g\&. an SSH key)\&. To disable the account, administrators should use
+\fBusermod \-\-expiredate 1\fR
+(this set the account\*(Aqs expire date to Jan 2, 1970)\&.
+.sp
+Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their password\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
+\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Tyst l\(:age\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repository\fR\ \&\fIREPOSITORY\fR
+.RS 4
+change password in
+\fIREPOSITORY\fR
+repository
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-status\fR
+.RS 4
+Display account status information\&. The status information consists of 7 fields\&. The first field is the user\*(Aqs login name\&. The second field indicates if the user account has a locked password (L), has no password (NP), or has a usable password (P)\&. The third field gives the date of the last password change\&. The next four fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning period, and inactivity period for the password\&. These ages are expressed in days\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
+.RS 4
+Unlock the password of the named account\&. This option re\-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the
+\fB\-l\fR
+option)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The
+\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid\&. After
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR, the password is required to be changed\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&.
+.RE
+.SH "T\(:ANK P\(oA"
+.PP
+Password complexity checking may vary from site to site\&. The user is urged to select a password as complex as he or she feels comfortable with\&.
+.PP
+Users may not be able to change their password on a system if NIS is enabled and they are not logged into the NIS server\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+S\(:aker anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVSLUTNINGSV\(:ARDEN"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+permission denied
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid combination of options
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+unexpected failure, nothing done
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+unexpected failure,
+passwd
+file missing
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+passwd
+file busy, try again
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBchpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man1/sg.1 b/man/sv/man1/sg.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8ad8d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man1/sg.1
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: sg
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Anv\(:andarkommandon
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "SG" "1" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Anv\(:andarkommandon"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+sg \- k\(:or kommando med annat grupp\-id
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBsg\fR\ 'u
+\fBsg\fR [\-] [group\ [\-c\ ]\ command]
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsg\fR
+command works similar to
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+but accepts a command\&. The command will be executed with the
+/bin/sh
+shell\&. With most shells you may run
+\fBsg\fR
+from, you need to enclose multi\-word commands in quotes\&. Another difference between
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+and
+\fBsg\fR
+is that some shells treat
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+creates\&. This doesn\*(Aqt happen with
+\fBsg\fR, so upon exit from a
+\fBsg\fR
+command you are returned to your previous group ID\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+S\(:aker anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+S\(:aker gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man3/getspnam.3 b/man/sv/man3/getspnam.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd473da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man3/getspnam.3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man3/shadow.3
diff --git a/man/sv/man3/shadow.3 b/man/sv/man3/shadow.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdf65b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man3/shadow.3
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: shadow
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Biblioteksanrop
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "SHADOW" "3" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Biblioteksanrop"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+shadow, getspnam \- encrypted password file routines
+.SH "SYNTAX"
+.PP
+\fI#include <shadow\&.h>\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *getspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *getspnam(char\fR
+\fI*name\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIvoid setspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIvoid endspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *fgetspent(FILE\fR
+\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *sgetspent(char\fR
+\fI*cp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIint putspent(struct spwd\fR
+\fI*p,\fR
+\fIFIL\fR
+\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIint lckpwdf();\fR
+.PP
+\fIint ulckpwdf();\fR
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+\fIshadow\fR
+manipulates the contents of the shadow password file,
+/etc/shadow\&. The structure in the
+\fI#include\fR
+file is:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct spwd {
+      char		*sp_namp; /* user login name */
+      char		*sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */
+      long int		sp_lstchg; /* last password change */
+      long int		sp_min; /* days until change allowed\&. */
+      long int		sp_max; /* days before change required */
+      long int		sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */
+      long int		sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */
+      long int		sp_expire; /* date when account expires */
+      unsigned long int	sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */
+}
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Betydelsen av varje f\(:alt \(:ar:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_namp \- pointer to null\-terminated user name
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_pwdp \- pointer to null\-terminated password
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_lstchg \- days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_min \- days before which password may not be changed
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_max \- days after which password must be changed
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_warn \- days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending password expiration
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_inact \- days after password expires that account is considered inactive and disabled
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_expire \- days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_flag \- reserverat f\(:or framtida anv\(:andning
+.RE
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+\fIgetspent\fR,
+\fIgetspname\fR,
+\fIfgetspent\fR, and
+\fIsgetspent\fR
+each return a pointer to a
+\fIstruct spwd\fR\&.
+\fIgetspent\fR
+returns the next entry from the file, and
+\fIfgetspent\fR
+returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format\&.
+\fIsgetspent\fR
+returns a pointer to a
+\fIstruct spwd\fR
+using the provided string as input\&.
+\fIgetspnam\fR
+searches from the current position in the file for an entry matching
+\fIname\fR\&.
+.PP
+\fIsetspent\fR
+and
+\fIendspent\fR
+may be used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+and
+\fIulckpwdf\fR
+routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the
+/etc/shadow
+file\&.
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+attempts to acquire a lock using
+\fIpw_lock\fR
+for up to 15 seconds\&. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using
+\fIspw_lock\fR
+for the remainder of the initial 15 seconds\&. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds,
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+returns \-1\&. When both locks are acquired 0 is returned\&.
+.SH "DIAGNOSTIK"
+.PP
+Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing\&. Routines which have
+\fIint\fR
+as the return value return 0 for success and \-1 for failure\&.
+.SH "T\(:ANK P\(oA"
+.PP
+These routines may only be used by the superuser as access to the shadow password file is restricted\&.
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+S\(:aker anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBgetpwent\fR(3),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man5/faillog.5 b/man/sv/man5/faillog.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06cf896
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man5/faillog.5
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual:  File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "FAILLOG" "5" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuratio"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+faillog \- login failure logging file
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account\&.
+.PP
+The file contains fixed length records, indexed by numerical UID\&. Each record contains the count of login failures since the last successful login; the maximum number of failures before the account is disabled; the line on which the last login failure occurred; the date of the last login failure; and the duration (in seconds) during which the account will be locked after a failure\&.
+.PP
+Strukturen f\(:or filen \(:ar:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct	faillog {
+	short   fail_cnt;
+	short   fail_max;
+	char    fail_line[12];
+	time_t  fail_time;
+	long    fail_locktime;
+};
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+Failure logging file\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR(8)
diff --git a/man/sv/man5/gshadow.5 b/man/sv/man5/gshadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30a6ade
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man5/gshadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: gshadow
+.\"    Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "GSHADOW" "5" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+gshadow \- skuggad gruppfil
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+contains the shadowed information for group accounts\&.
+.PP
+Denna fil f\(oar inte vara l\(:asbar av vanliga anv\(:andare om l\(:osenordss\(:akerheten ska uppr\(:atth\(oallas\&.
+.PP
+Each line of this file contains the following colon\-separated fields:
+.PP
+\fBgruppnamn\fR
+.RS 4
+It must be a valid group name, which exist on the system\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBkrypterat l\(:osenord\fR
+.RS 4
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.sp
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)\&.
+.sp
+The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1))\&.
+.sp
+This field may be empty, in which case only the group members can gain the group permissions\&.
+.sp
+A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&.
+.sp
+This password supersedes any password specified in
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBadministrators\fR
+.RS 4
+It must be a comma\-separated list of user names\&.
+.sp
+Administrators can change the password or the members of the group\&.
+.sp
+Administrators also have the same permissions as the members (see below)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBmembers\fR
+.RS 4
+It must be a comma\-separated list of user names\&.
+.sp
+Members can access the group without being prompted for a password\&.
+.sp
+You should use the same list of users as in
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+S\(:aker gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBgrpconv\fR(8),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man5/limits.5 b/man/sv/man5/limits.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e8986d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man5/limits.5
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: limits
+.\"    Author: Luca Berra
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "LIMITS" "5" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+limits \- definition av resursbegr\(:ansningar
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+The
+\fIlimits\fR
+file (/etc/limits
+by default or LIMITS_FILE defined
+config\&.h) describes the resource limits you wish to impose\&. It should be owned by root and readable by root account only\&.
+.PP
+By default no quota is imposed on \*(Aqroot\*(Aq\&. In fact, there is no way to impose limits via this procedure to root\-equiv accounts (accounts with UID 0)\&.
+.PP
+Varje rad beskriver en begr\(:ansning f\(:or anv\(:andaren i formatet:
+.PP
+\fIuser LIMITS_STRING\fR
+.PP
+or in the form:
+.PP
+\fI@group LIMITS_STRING\fR
+.PP
+The
+\fILIMITS_STRING\fR
+is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits\&. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit\&.
+.PP
+De giltiga identifierarna \(:ar:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+A: maximal adressrymd (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+C: max core file size (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+D: maximal datastorlek (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+F: maximum file size (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+K: file creation mask, set by
+\fBumask\fR(2)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+I: max nice value (0\&.\&.39 which translates to 20\&.\&.\-19)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+L: maximalt antal inloggningar f\(:or denna anv\(:andare
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+M: max locked\-in\-memory address space (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+N: maximalt antal \(:oppna filer
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+O: max real time priority
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+P: process priority, set by
+\fBsetpriority\fR(2)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+R: max resident set size (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+S: maximal stackstorlek (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+T: maximal processortid (MIN)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+U: maximalt antal processer
+.RE
+.PP
+For example,
+\fIL2D2048N5\fR
+is a valid
+\fILIMITS_STRING\fR\&. For reading convenience, the following entries are equivalent:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      username L2D2048N5
+      username L2 D2048 N5
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Be aware that after
+\fIusername\fR
+the rest of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed\&. An invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the
+\fBlogin\fR
+program\&.
+.PP
+The default entry is denoted by username "\fI*\fR"\&. If you have multiple
+\fIdefault\fR
+entries in your
+\fILIMITS_FILE\fR, then the last one will be used as the default entry\&.
+.PP
+The limits specified in the form "\fI@group\fR" apply to the members of the specified
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.PP
+If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for this user will be considered\&.
+.PP
+If no lines are specified for a user, the last
+\fI@group\fR
+line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the user\&.
+.PP
+To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" will do\&.
+.PP
+To disable a limit for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit\&.
+.PP
+Also, please note that all limit settings are set PER LOGIN\&. They are not global, nor are they permanent\&. Perhaps global limits will come, but for now this will have to do ;)
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/limits
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsetpriority\fR(2),
+\fBsetrlimit\fR(2)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man5/passwd.5 b/man/sv/man5/passwd.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffa1db0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man5/passwd.5
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: passwd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "PASSWD" "5" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+passwd \- l\(:osenordsfilen
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (\(rq:\(rq)\&. These fields are:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+inloggningsnamn
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+valfritt krypterat l\(:osenord
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numeriskt anv\(:andar\-id
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numeriskt grupp\-id
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+anv\(:andarnamn eller kommentarsf\(:alt
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+anv\(:andarens hemkatalog
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+optional user command interpreter
+.RE
+.PP
+If the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field is a lower\-case
+\(rqx\(rq, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the
+\fBshadow\fR(5)
+file instead; there
+\fImust\fR
+be a corresponding line in the
+/etc/shadow
+file, or else the user account is invalid\&.
+.PP
+The encrypted
+\fIpassword\fR
+field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
+/etc/passwd
+file may decide not to permit
+\fIany\fR
+access at all if the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field is blank\&.
+.PP
+A
+\fIpassword\fR
+field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field before the password was locked\&.
+.PP
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.PP
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
+.PP
+The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system utilities, such as
+\fBfinger\fR(1)\&. The use of an ampersand here will be replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed by such system utilities\&.
+.PP
+The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory\&. The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program uses this information to set the value of the
+\fB$HOME\fR
+environmental variable\&.
+.PP
+The command interpreter field provides the name of the user\*(Aqs command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute\&. The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program uses this information to set the value of the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environmental variable\&. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value
+/bin/sh\&.
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+optional encrypted password file
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd\-
+.RS 4
+Backup file for /etc/passwd\&.
+.sp
+Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by all user and password management tools\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgetent\fR(1),
+\fBgetpwnam\fR(3),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBpwconv\fR(8),
+\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man5/porttime.5 b/man/sv/man5/porttime.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0550292
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man5/porttime.5
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: porttime
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "PORTTIME" "5" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+porttime \- port access time file
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+\fIporttime\fR
+contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted login times\&.
+.PP
+Each entry consists of three colon separated fields\&. The first field is a comma separated list of tty devices, or an asterisk to indicate that all tty devices are matched by this entry\&. The second field is a comma separated list of user names, or an asterisk to indicated that all user names are matched by this entry\&. The third field is a comma separated list of permitted access times\&.
+.PP
+Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, abbreviated
+\fISu\fR,
+\fIMo\fR,
+\fITu\fR,
+\fIWe\fR,
+\fITh\fR,
+\fIFr\fR, and
+\fISa\fR, followed by a pair of times separated by a hyphen\&. The abbreviation
+\fIWk\fR
+may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and
+\fIAl\fR
+may be used to indicate every day\&. If no days are given,
+\fIAl\fR
+is assumed\&.
+.SH "EXEMPEL"
+.PP
+The following entry allows access to user
+\fBjfh\fR
+on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm\&.
+.PP
+*:jfh:Wk0900\-1700
+.PP
+The following entries allow access only to the users
+\fIroot\fR
+and
+\fIoper\fR
+on
+/dev/console
+at any time\&. This illustrates how the
+/etc/porttime
+file is an ordered list of access times\&. Any other user would match the second entry which does not permit access at any time\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      console:root,oper:Al0000\-2400
+      console:*:
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+The following entry allows access for the user
+\fIgames\fR
+on any port during non\-working hours\&.
+.PP
+*:games:Wk1700\-0900,SaSu0000\-2400
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+Fil som inneh\(oaller port\(oatkomst
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man5/suauth.5 b/man/sv/man5/suauth.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..231b881
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man5/suauth.5
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: suauth
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "SUAUTH" "5" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+suauth \- detaljerad kontrollfil f\(:or su
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fB/etc/suauth\fR\ 'u
+\fB/etc/suauth\fR
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+The file
+/etc/suauth
+is referenced whenever the su command is called\&. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      1) the user su is targeting
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+2) the user executing the su command (or any groups he might be a member of)
+.PP
+Filen \(:ar i f\(:oljande format, med de rader som inleds med # behandlas som kommentarsrader och ignoreras;
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      to\-id:from\-id:ACTION
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Where to\-id is either the word
+\fIALL\fR, a list of usernames delimited by "," or the words
+\fIALL EXCEPT\fR
+followed by a list of usernames delimited by ","\&.
+.PP
+from\-id is formatted the same as to\-id except the extra word
+\fIGROUP\fR
+is recognized\&.
+\fIALL EXCEPT GROUP\fR
+is perfectly valid too\&. Following
+\fIGROUP\fR
+appears one or more group names, delimited by ","\&. It is not sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in
+\fB/etc/group\fR(5)
+is necessary\&.
+.PP
+\(oAtg\(:arden kan endast vara en av f\(:oljande f\(:or n\(:arvarande st\(:odda flaggor\&.
+.PP
+\fIDENY\fR
+.RS 4
+F\(:ors\(:oket att anv\(:anda su stoppades f\(:ore ett l\(:osenord har efterfr\(oagats\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fINOPASS\fR
+.RS 4
+F\(:ors\(:oket att anv\(:anda su lyckades helt automatiskt; inget l\(:osenord har efterfr\(oagats\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIOWNPASS\fR
+.RS 4
+F\(:or att su\-kommandot ska lyckas m\(oaste anv\(:andaren mata in sitt egna l\(:osenord\&. De blir fr\(oagade att g\(:ora detta\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Note there are three separate fields delimited by a colon\&. No whitespace must surround this colon\&. Also note that the file is examined sequentially line by line, and the first applicable rule is used without examining the file further\&. This makes it possible for a system administrator to exercise as fine control as he or she wishes\&.
+.SH "EXEMPEL"
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      # sample /etc/suauth file
+      #
+      # A couple of privileged usernames may
+      # su to root with their own password\&.
+      #
+      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS
+      #
+      # Anyone else may not su to root unless in
+      # group wheel\&. This is how BSD does things\&.
+      #
+      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY
+      #
+      # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts
+      # owned by the same person\&.
+      # Access can be arranged between them
+      # with no password\&.
+      #
+      terry:birddog:NOPASS
+      birddog:terry:NOPASS
+      #
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/suauth
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.SH "FEL"
+.PP
+There could be plenty lurking\&. The file parser is particularly unforgiving about syntax errors, expecting no spurious whitespace (apart from beginning and end of lines), and a specific token delimiting different things\&.
+.SH "DIAGNOSTIK"
+.PP
+An error parsing the file is reported using
+\fBsyslogd\fR(8)
+as level ERR on facility AUTH\&.
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBsu\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man8/faillog.8 b/man/sv/man8/faillog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a885d40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man8/faillog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Systemhanteringskommandon
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "FAILLOG" "8" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Systemhanteringskommandon"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+faillog \- display faillog records or set login failure limits
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBfaillog\fR\ 'u
+\fBfaillog\fR [\fIflaggor\fR]
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+displays the contents of the failure log database (/var/log/faillog)\&. It can also set the failure counters and limits\&. When
+\fBfaillog\fR
+is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure\&.
+.SH "FLAGGOR"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBfaillog\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+.RS 4
+Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the
+faillog
+database\&.
+.sp
+The range of users can be restricted with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&.
+.sp
+In display mode, this is still restricted to existing users but forces the display of the faillog entries even if they are empty\&.
+.sp
+With the
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR,
+\fB\-r\fR,
+\fB\-t\fR
+options, the users\*(Aq records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the system\&. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of users\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Visa hj\(:alpmeddelande och avsluta\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\-secs\fR\ \&\fISEC\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock account for
+\fISEC\fR
+seconds after failed login\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-maximum\fR\ \&\fIMAX\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to
+\fIMAX\fR\&.
+.sp
+Selecting a
+\fIMAX\fR
+value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed logins\&.
+.sp
+The maximum failure count should always be 0 for
+\fIroot\fR
+to prevent a denial of services attack against the system\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reset\fR
+.RS 4
+Reset the counters of login failures\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Display faillog records more recent than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR
+.RS 4
+Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used with
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR
+or
+\fB\-r\fR
+options) only for the specified user(s)\&.
+.sp
+The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users\&. This
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+When none of the
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-r\fR
+options are used,
+\fBfaillog\fR
+displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)\&.
+.SH "T\(:ANK P\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+only prints out users with no successful login since the last failure\&. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+flag, or print out all users with the
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag\&.
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+Failure logging file\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBfaillog\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/sv/man8/groupadd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c65936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man8/groupadd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupadd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Systemhanteringskommandon
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPADD" "8" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Systemhanteringskommandon"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+groupadd \- skapa en ny grupp
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupadd\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupadd\fR [\fIFLAGGOR\fR] \fINEWGROUP\fR
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the groupname\&. Fully numeric groupnames and groupnames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long\&.
+.SH "FLAGGOR"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists\&. When used with
+\fB\-g\fR, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i\&.e\&.
+\fB\-g\fR
+is turned off)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+The numerical value of the group\*(Aqs ID\&.
+\fIGID\fR
+must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to
+\fBGID_MIN\fR
+and greater than every other group\&.
+.sp
+See also the
+\fB\-r\fR
+option and the
+\fBGID_MAX\fR
+description\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Visa hj\(:alpmeddelande och avsluta\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR
+.RS 4
+Overrides
+/etc/login\&.defs
+defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others)\&. Multiple
+\fB\-K\fR
+options can be specified\&.
+.sp
+Example:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \&
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+.sp
+Note:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+doesn\*(Aqt work yet\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID\&. As a result, for this
+\fIGID\fR, the mapping towards group
+\fINEWGROUP\fR
+may not be unique\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines an initial password for the group account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths system account file
+/etc/group
+or
+/etc/gshadow\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+You should make sure the password respects the system\*(Aqs password policy\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Create a system group\&.
+.sp
+The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBGID_MIN\fR\-\fBGID_MAX\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+S\(:aker gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration\&.
+.RE
+.SH "T\(:ANK P\(oA"
+.PP
+You may not add a NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&.
+.PP
+If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP,
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+will deny the group creation request\&.
+.SH "AVSLUTNINGSV\(:ARDEN"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+GID is already used (when called without
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+group name is already used
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/sv/man8/groupdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db14aa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man8/groupdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Systemhanteringskommandon
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPDEL" "8" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Systemhanteringskommandon"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+groupdel \- ta bort en grupp
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupdel\fR [\fIflaggor\fR] \fIGRUPP\fR
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to
+\fIGROUP\fR\&. The named group must exist\&.
+.SH "FLAGGOR"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the group, even if there\*(Aqs some user having the group as the primary one\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Visa hj\(:alpmeddelande och avsluta\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.SH "T\(:ANK P\(oA"
+.PP
+Du f\(oar inte ta bort den prim\(:ara gruppen f\(:or n\(oagon existerande anv\(:andare\&. Du m\(oaste ta bort anv\(:andaren innan du tar bort gruppen\&.
+.PP
+You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain owned by this group\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+S\(:aker gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVSLUTNINGSV\(:ARDEN"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove user\*(Aqs primary group
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man8/groupmems.8 b/man/sv/man8/groupmems.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cf8360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man8/groupmems.8
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmems
+.\"    Author: George Kraft, IV
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Systemhanteringskommandon
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPMEMS" "8" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Systemhanteringskommandon"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+groupmems \- administrera medlemmar av en anv\(:andares prim\(:ara grupp
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmems\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmems\fR \-a\ \fIuser_name\fR | \-d\ \fIuser_name\fR | [\-g\ \fIgroup_name\fR] | \-l | \-p 
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+command allows a user to administer their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges\&. The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i\&.e\&., guest / guest)\&.
+.PP
+Only the superuser, as administrator, can use
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+to alter the memberships of other groups\&.
+.SH "FLAGGOR"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a user to the group membership list\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Ta bort en anv\(:andare fr\(oan gruppen medlemslista\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, the user will be removed from the list of members and administrators of the group\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR\ \&\fIgroup_name\fR
+.RS 4
+The superuser can specify which group membership list to modify\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Visa hj\(:alpmeddelande och avsluta\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+Lista gruppens medlemslista\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-purge\fR
+.RS 4
+Rensa alla anv\(:andare fr\(oan gruppens medlemslista\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SETUP"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+executable should be in mode
+2710
+as user
+\fIroot\fR
+and in group
+\fIgroups\fR\&. The system administrator can add users to group
+\fIgroups\fR
+to allow or disallow them using the
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+utility to manage their own group membership list\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+	$ groupadd \-r groups
+	$ chmod 2710 groupmems
+	$ chown root\&.groups groupmems
+	$ groupmems \-g groups \-a gk4
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+s\(:aker gruppkontoinformation
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/sv/man8/groupmod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..788fe08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man8/groupmod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Systemhanteringskommandon
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPMOD" "8" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Systemhanteringskommandon"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+groupmod \- \(:andra en gruppdefinition p\(oa systemet
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmod\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmod\fR [\fIflaggor\fR] \fIGRUPP\fR
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command modifies the definition of the specified
+\fIGROUP\fR
+by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database\&.
+.SH "FLAGGOR"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+If group members are specified with \-U, append them to the existing member list, rather than replacing it\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+The group ID of the given
+\fIGROUP\fR
+will be changed to
+\fIGID\fR\&.
+.sp
+The value of
+\fIGID\fR
+must be a non\-negative decimal integer\&. This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&.
+.sp
+Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to keep the group as their primary group\&.
+.sp
+Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to
+\fIGROUP\fR, must have their group ID changed manually\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to the
+\fBGID_MIN\fR,
+\fBGID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR, or
+\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Visa hj\(:alpmeddelande och avsluta\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-new\-name\fR\ \&\fINEW_GROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the group will be changed from
+\fIGROUP\fR
+to
+\fINEW_GROUP\fR
+name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+When used with the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option, allow to change the group
+\fIGID\fR
+to a non\-unique value\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+The encrypted password, as returned by
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+You should make sure the password respects the system\*(Aqs password policy\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+S\(:aker gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVSLUTNINGSV\(:ARDEN"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+E_SUCCESS: success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+E_USAGE: invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GRP_UPDATE: can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI11\fR
+.RS 4
+E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can\*(Aqt setup cleanup service
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_USERNAME: can\*(Aqt determine your username for use with pam
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI13\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man8/grpck.8 b/man/sv/man8/grpck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58dccbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man8/grpck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: grpck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Systemhanteringskommandon
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "GRPCK" "8" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Systemhanteringskommandon"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+grpck \- validera integriteten f\(:or gruppfiler
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgrpck\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpck\fR [flaggor] [\fIgrupp\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]]
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command verifies the integrity of the groups information\&. It checks that all entries in
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&.
+.PP
+Kontroller g\(:ors f\(:or att validera att varje post har:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+korrekt antal f\(:alt
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a unique and valid group name
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid group identifier
+(/etc/group only)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid list of members
+and administrators
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a corresponding entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file (respectively
+/etc/group
+for the
+gshadow
+checks)
+.RE
+.PP
+The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal\&. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command to correct the error\&.
+.PP
+The commands which operate on the
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow files
+are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&.
+\fBgrpck\fR
+should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries\&.
+.SH "FLAGGOR"
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR
+and
+\fB\-s\fR
+options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Visa hj\(:alpmeddelande och avsluta\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Execute the
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command in read\-only mode\&. This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered
+\fIno\fR
+without user intervention\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Sort entries in
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+by GID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-silence\-warnings\fR
+.RS 4
+Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about inconsistency between group members listed in
+/etc/group
+and
+/etc/ghadow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+By default,
+\fBgrpck\fR
+operates on
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the
+\fIgroup\fR
+and \fIshadow\fR parameters\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+S\(:aker gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVSLUTNINGSV\(:ARDEN"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+one or more bad group entries
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt open group files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt lock group files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group files
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/sv/man8/lastlog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63ce7fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man8/lastlog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: lastlog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Systemhanteringskommandon
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "LASTLOG" "8" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Systemhanteringskommandon"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+lastlog \- reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBlastlog\fR\ 'u
+\fBlastlog\fR [\fIflaggor\fR]
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+\fBlastlog\fR
+formats and prints the contents of the last login log
+/var/log/lastlog
+file\&. The
+\fIlogin\-name\fR,
+\fIport\fR, and
+\fIlast login time\fR
+will be printed\&. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in
+/etc/passwd\&.
+.SH "FLAGGOR"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBlastlog\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-before\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Print only lastlog records older than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-clear\fR
+.RS 4
+Clear lastlog record of a user\&. This option can be used only together with
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Visa hj\(:alpmeddelande och avsluta\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-set\fR
+.RS 4
+Set lastlog record of a user to the current time\&. This option can be used only together with
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Print the lastlog records more recent than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR
+.RS 4
+Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s)\&.
+.sp
+The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users\&. This
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If the user has never logged in the message
+\fI** Never logged in**\fR
+will be displayed instead of the port and time\&.
+.PP
+Only the entries for the current users of the system will be displayed\&. Other entries may exist for users that were deleted previously\&.
+.SH "NOTERA"
+.PP
+The
+lastlog
+file is a database which contains info on the last login of each user\&. You should not rotate it\&. It is a sparse file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by "\fBls \-l\fR" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in
+passwd
+users with a high UID)\&. You can display its real size with "\fBls \-s\fR"\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/var/log/lastlog
+.RS 4
+Databastider f\(:or tidigare anv\(:andarinloggningar\&.
+.RE
+.SH "T\(:ANK P\(oA"
+.PP
+Large gaps in UID numbers will cause the lastlog program to run longer with no output to the screen (i\&.e\&. if in lastlog database there is no entries for users with UID between 170 and 800 lastlog will appear to hang as it processes entries with UIDs 171\-799)\&.
+.PP
+Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the
+<term> /var/log/lastlog</term>
+with external tools\&. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by default and may require a specific option to handle them\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/sv/man8/logoutd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6aa807
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man8/logoutd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: logoutd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Systemhanteringskommandon
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "LOGOUTD" "8" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Systemhanteringskommandon"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+logoutd \- enforce login time restrictions
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBlogoutd\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in
+/etc/porttime\&.
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+should be started from
+/etc/rc\&. The
+/var/run/utmp
+file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time\&. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in
+/etc/porttime
+is terminated\&.
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+Fil som inneh\(oaller port\(oatkomst
+.RE
+.PP
+/var/run/utmp
+.RS 4
+Lista p\(oa aktuella inloggningssessioner\&.
+.RE
diff --git a/man/sv/man8/nologin.8 b/man/sv/man8/nologin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d507fcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man8/nologin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: nologin
+.\"    Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Systemhanteringskommandon
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "NOLOGIN" "8" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Systemhanteringskommandon"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+nologin \- v\(:agra sn\(:allt en inloggning
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBnologin\fR\ 'u
+\fBnologin\fR
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnologin\fR
+command displays a message that an account is not available and exits non\-zero\&. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled\&.
+.PP
+To disable all logins, investigate
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBSSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND\fR
+is populated it will be logged\&.
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.SH "HISTORY"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnologin\fR
+command appeared in BSD 4\&.4\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man8/pwck.8 b/man/sv/man8/pwck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cee3cfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man8/pwck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: pwck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Systemhanteringskommandon
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "PWCK" "8" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Systemhanteringskommandon"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+pwck \- verify the integrity of password files
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBpwck\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwck\fR [flaggor] [\fIPASSWORDFILE\fR\ [\ \fISHADOWFILE\fR\ ]]
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwck\fR
+command verifies the integrity of the users and authentication information\&. It checks that all entries in
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow
+have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&.
+.PP
+Kontroller g\(:ors f\(:or att validera att varje post har:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+korrekt antal f\(:alt
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a unique and valid user name
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+en giltig identifierare f\(:or anv\(:andare och grupp
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+en giltig prim\(:ar grupp
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+en giltig hemkatalog
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+ett giltigt inloggningsskal
+.RE
+.PP
+Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file parameter
+\fISHADOWFILE\fR
+is specified or when
+/etc/shadow
+exists on the system\&.
+.PP
+These checks are the following:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+every passwd entry has a matching shadow entry, and every shadow entry has a matching passwd entry
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+passwords are specified in the shadowed file
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+shadow entries have the correct number of fields
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+shadow entries are unique in shadow
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+the last password changes are not in the future
+.RE
+.PP
+The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal\&. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the
+\fBusermod\fR
+command to correct the error\&.
+.PP
+The commands which operate on the
+/etc/passwd
+file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&.
+\fBpwck\fR
+should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry\&.
+.SH "FLAGGOR"
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR
+and
+\fB\-s\fR
+options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpwck\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Visa hj\(:alpmeddelande och avsluta\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Report errors only\&. The warnings which do not require any action from the user won\*(Aqt be displayed\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Execute the
+\fBpwck\fR
+command in read\-only mode\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Sort entries in
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow
+by UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+By default,
+\fBpwck\fR
+operates on the files
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and
+\fIshadow\fR
+parameters\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+S\(:aker anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVSLUTNINGSV\(:ARDEN"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwck\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+one or more bad password entries
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt open password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt lock password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt sort password files
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man8/userdel.8 b/man/sv/man8/userdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2c1a5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man8/userdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: userdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Systemhanteringskommandon
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "USERDEL" "8" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Systemhanteringskommandon"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+userdel \- ta bort ett anv\(:andarkonto och relaterade filer
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBuserdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBuserdel\fR [flaggor] \fIINLOGGNINGSNAMN\fR
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name
+\fILOGIN\fR\&. The named user must exist\&.
+.SH "FLAGGOR"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is still logged in\&. It also forces
+\fBuserdel\fR
+to remove the user\*(Aqs home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user\&. If
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+is defined to
+\fIyes\fR
+in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+and if a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user\&.
+.sp
+\fINote:\fR
+This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Visa hj\(:alpmeddelande och avsluta\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+Files in the user\*(Aqs home directory will be removed along with the home directory itself and the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. Files located in other file systems will have to be searched for and deleted manually\&.
+.sp
+The mail spool is defined by the
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
+variable in the
+login\&.defs
+file\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user\*(Aqs login\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+S\(:aker anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-post\&.d/*
+.RS 4
+Run\-part files to execute during user deletion\&. The environment variable
+\fBACTION\fR
+will be populated with
+\fBuserdel\fR
+and
+\fBSUBJECT\fR
+with the username\&.
+userdel\-pre\&.d
+will be executed prior to any user deletion\&.
+userdel\-post\&.d
+will execute after user deletion\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVSLUTNINGSV\(:ARDEN"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified user doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+user currently logged in
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove home directory
+.RE
+.SH "T\(:ANK P\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will not allow you to remove an account if there are running processes which belong to this account\&. In that case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user\*(Aqs password or account and remove the account later\&. The
+\fB\-f\fR
+option can force the deletion of this account\&.
+.PP
+You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain owned by this user\&.
+.PP
+Du f\(oar inte ta bort n\(oagra NIS\-attribut p\(oa en NIS\-klient\&. Detta m\(oaste genomf\(:oras p\(oa NIS\-servern\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+is defined to
+\fIyes\fR
+in
+/etc/login\&.defs,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will delete the group with the same name as the user\&. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise\&. The
+\fB\-f\fR
+option can force the deletion of this group\&.
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/sv/man8/vigr.8 b/man/sv/man8/vigr.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff72d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man8/vigr.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/vipw.8
diff --git a/man/sv/man8/vipw.8 b/man/sv/man8/vipw.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4607794
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sv/man8/vipw.8
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: vipw
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08-11-2022
+.\"    Manual: Systemhanteringskommandon
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Swedish
+.\"
+.TH "VIPW" "8" "08-11-2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Systemhanteringskommandon"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAMN"
+vipw, vigr \- redigera l\(:osenordet, grupp, skuggl\(:osenord eller skuggruppfil
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBvipw\fR\ 'u
+\fBvipw\fR [\fIflaggor\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBvigr\fR\ 'u
+\fBvigr\fR [\fIflaggor\fR]
+.SH "BESKRIVNING"
+.PP
+The
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands edits the files
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/group, respectively\&. With the
+\fB\-s\fR
+flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files,
+/etc/shadow
+and
+/etc/gshadow, respectively\&. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption\&. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable
+\fB$VISUAL\fR, then the environment variable
+\fB$EDITOR\fR, and finally the default editor,
+\fBvi\fR(1)\&.
+.SH "FLAGGOR"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands are:
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Redigera gruppdatabasen\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Visa hj\(:alpmeddelande och avsluta\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR
+.RS 4
+Redigera l\(:osenordsdatabasen\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Tyst l\(:age\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR
+.RS 4
+Redigera shadow\- eller gshadow\-databasen\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
+.PP
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+.RS 4
+Editor to be used\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBEDITOR\fR
+.RS 4
+Editor to be used if
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+is not set\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILER"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+S\(:aker gruppkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+S\(:aker anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
+.PP
+\fBvi\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5)
+,
+\fBpasswd\fR(5), ,
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/tr/Makefile.am b/man/tr/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d8b916
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/tr/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+mandir = @mandir@/tr
+
+man_MANS = \
+	man1/chage.1 \
+	man1/chfn.1 \
+	man8/groupadd.8 \
+	man8/groupdel.8 \
+	man8/groupmod.8 \
+	man1/login.1 \
+	man1/passwd.1 \
+	man5/passwd.5 \
+	man5/shadow.5 \
+	man1/su.1 \
+	man8/useradd.8 \
+	man8/userdel.8 \
+	man8/usermod.8
+
+EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS)
diff --git a/man/tr/Makefile.in b/man/tr/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd1633d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/tr/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,675 @@
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+uninstall-man5:
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+.PRECIOUS: Makefile
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+
+# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
+# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
+.NOEXPORT:
diff --git a/man/tr/man1/chage.1 b/man/tr/man1/chage.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7538f4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/tr/man1/chage.1
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1990 - 1994 Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+  
+.TH chage 1 "" "" ""
+.nh  
+.SH İSİM  
+chage - 
+kullanıcı parolasının son kullanma tarihini değiştirir
+  
+.SH KULLANIM
+
+.nf
+
+\fBchage\fR [\fB-m \fR\fIasgari-gün-sayısı\fR]  [\fB-M \fR\fIazami-gün-sayısı\fR]  [\fB-d \fR\fIson-gün\fR]
+      [\fB-I \fR\fIpasif\fR]  [\fB-E \fR\fIson-tarih\fR]  [\fB-W \fR\fIuyarı-gün-sayısı\fR]  \fIkullanıcı\fR
+
+\fBchage -l \fR\fIkullanıcı\fR
+
+.fi
+
+
+  
+.SH AÇIKLAMA
+
+
+\fBchage\fR, parolanın son değiştirilme tarihinden, değiştirilmesi gerekecek olan güne kadar geçen sürenin gün cinsinde miktarını değiştirir. Bu bilgi, sistem tarafından, kullanıcının ne zaman parolasını değiştirmesi gerektiğini bulmakta kullanılır. Bu komut root kullanıcıya tahsis edilmiştir. Sadece \fB-l\fR seçeneği, normal kullanıcılar tarafından, parola ve hesaplarının son kullanma tarihini görmek amacı ile kullanılabilir.
+
+\fB-m\fR seçeneği ile belirtilen \fIasgari-gün-sayısı\fR´nın değeri, parola değişiklikleri arasında geçecek  asgari gün sayısıdır. Buraya sıfır değeri verilirse, kullanıcı istediği bir zaman parolasını değiştirebilir.
+
+\fB-M\fR seçeneği ile belirtilen \fIazami-gün-sayısı\fR´nın değeri, parolanın geçerliliğinin biteceği güne kadar geçecek zamanın gün cinsinden miktarıdır.  \fIazami-gün-sayısı\fR artı \fIson-gün\fR, içinde bulunulan günden az ise, kullanıcı hesabını kullanmadan önce parolasını değiştirmek zorunda kalacaktır. Bu olay, \fB-W\fR seçeneğini kullanılarak da ayarlanabilir. Bu seçenek sayesinde kullanıcıya bu olay hakkında uyarı mesajı verebilirsiniz.
+
+\fB-d\fR seçeneği ile, \fIson-gün\fR´ün değeri 1 Ocak 1970´den parolanın son değişeceği güne kadar olan gün sayısıdır. YYYY-AA-GG biçiminde bir tarih olarak da belirtilebilir (veya  yaşadığınız bölgede kabul edilen tarih biçimi ile).
+
+\fB-E\fR seçeneği, kullanıcı hesabının hangi tarihten sonra erişilemez olduğunu ayarlamak için kullanılır. \fIson-tarih\fR´in değeri; 1 Ocak 1970´den hesabın kilitleneceği güne kadar olan sürenin gün cinsinden miktarıdır. YYYY-AA-GG biçiminde bir tarih olarak da belirtilebilir (veya  yaşadığınız bölgede kabul edilen tarih biçimi ile).  Hesabı kilitlenen bir kullanıcının hesabını tekrar kullanabilmesi için, mutlaka sistem yöneticisine baş vurması gerekmektedir.
+
+\fB-I\fR seçeneği, bir parolanın pasif hale geçmesi ile  hesabın kilitlenmesi arasında geçecek olan gün miktarını ayarlamak için kullanılır.  \fIpasif\fR seçeneği, pasif geçecek gün sayısıdır. 0 (sıfır) değeri bu özelliği etkisizleştirir.  Hesabı kilitlenen bir kullanıcının hesabını tekrar kullanabilmesi için, mutlaka sistem yöneticisine baş vurması gerekmektedir.
+
+\fB-W\fR seçeneği, bir parola değişikliğinin gerekeceği günden kaç gün önce uyarı verileceğini ayarlamak için kullanılır. \fIuyarı-gün-sayısı\fR seçeneği, kullanıcının parolasının geçersiz kalmasından önce kullanıcının uyarılacağı gün sayısıdır.
+
+Şayet hiçbir seçenek belirtilmezse, \fBchage\fR etkileşimli kipe geçer. O an için geçerli olan bütün değerleri ekrana yazar. Bu alanlardaki değerleri değiştirmek için yeni değerler girilir. Şayet geçerli değerleri kullanmak istiyorsanız bu satırları boş bırakın. Geçerli değerler \fB[ ]\fR işaretleri arasında gösterilir.
+
+.SH SINIRLAMALAR
+
+\fBchage\fR uygulamasının /etc/shadow dosyasına ihtiyacı vardır.  Şayet parolalar /etc/passwd dosyası içinde saklanıyorsa, \fBchage\fR uygulamasının işlevselliği ortadan kalkar.
+
+.SH İLGİLİ DOYALAR
+
+/etc/passwd - kullanıcı hesabı bilgileri
+.br
+/etc/shadow - gölge parolalı kullanıcı hesabı bilgileri
+
+.SH İLGİLİ DOYALAR
+
+\fBpasswd\fR(5), 
+\fBshadow\fR(5)    
+    
+.SH YAZAN
+
+Julianne Frances Haugh <jockgrrl (at) ix.netcom.com> tarafından yazılmıştır.
+    
+.SH ÇEVİREN
+
+Yalçın Kolukısa <yalcink01 (at) yahoo.com>, Kasım 2003
+
diff --git a/man/tr/man1/chfn.1 b/man/tr/man1/chfn.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a867ed9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/tr/man1/chfn.1
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+
+
+.\"  chfn.1 -- change your finger information
+.\"  (c) 1994 by salvatore valente <svalente@athena.mit.edu>
+.\"
+.\"  this program is free software.  you can redistribute it and
+.\"  modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license.
+.\"  there is no warranty.
+
+.TH chfn 1 "13 Ekim 1994" "chfn " "Linux Başvuru Kılavuzu"
+.nh
+.SH İSİM  
+chfn - 
+kişisel bilgilerinizi değiştirir
+
+.SH KULLANIM
+
+.nf
+
+\fBchfn\fR [ \fB-f \fR\fIAdı-Soyadı\fR ] [ \fB-o \fR\fIİşyeri\fR ]  [ \fB-p \fR\fIİş-telefonu\fR ]
+     [ \fB-h \fR\fIEv-telefonu\fR ]  [ \fB-u\fR ] [ \fB-v\fR ] [ \fIkullanıcı\fR ]
+
+.fi
+
+
+
+.SH AÇIKLAMA
+
+\fBchfn\fR, kişisel bilgilerinizi değiştirmek için kullanılır. Bu bilgiler /etc/passwd dosyası içinde saklanır ve \fBfinger\fR komutu aracılığı ile ekrana gönderilir. Linux \fBfinger\fR komutu; \fBchfn\fR tarafından değiştirilebilen dört bilgi alanı görüntüler: adınız ve soyadınız, işyeriniz, iş telefon numaranız ve ev telefon numaranız.
+.SS KOMUT SATIRI
+
+Dört parçadan oluşan bu bilgilerin herhangi biri komut satırından belirtilebilir. Şayet komut satırından bilgi girilmemiş ise, \fBchfn\fR etkileşimli kipe geçecektir.
+.SS ETKİLEŞİMLİ KİP
+
+Etkileşimli kipte, \fBchfn\fR, her bir alan için kullanıcıdan veri girmesini isteyecektir. Bu alanlara yeni bilgi girebilir ya da eski bilgiyi korumak için  enter tuşuna basıp devam edebilirsiniz. Alanları boş bırakmak için \fBnone\fR kelimesini giriniz.
+
+.SH SEÇENEKLER   
+
+
+.br
+.ns
+.TP 
+\fB-f\fR, \fB--full-name\fR
+Ad ve soyadı belirtilir.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-o\fR, \fB--office\fR
+İşyeri ya da işyerindeki bölümünüz.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-p\fR, \fB--office-phone\fR
+İş telefonunuz.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-h\fR, \fB--home-phone\fR
+Ev telefonunuz.     
+
+.TP 
+\fB-u\fR, \fB--help\fR
+Bu kullanım bilgisi görüntüler ve çıkar.        
+
+.TP 
+\fB-v\fR, \fB--version\fR
+Sürüm bilgilerini görüntüler ve çıkar.        
+
+.PP
+
+.SH İLGİLİ BELGELER
+
+\fBfinger\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5).
+
+.SH YAZAN
+
+Salvatore Valente <svalente (at) mit.edu> tarafından yazılmıştır.
+.SH ÇEVİREN
+
+Yalçın Kolukısa <yalcink01 (at) yahoo.com>, Aralık 2003
+
diff --git a/man/tr/man1/login.1 b/man/tr/man1/login.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..491a97d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/tr/man1/login.1
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+
+
+.\" Copyright 1993 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
+.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
+
+.TH login 1 "4 Kasım 1996" "Util-linux 1.6" "Linux Yazılımcılarının Kılavuzu"
+.nh
+.SH İSİM  
+login - 
+Kullanıcının sisteme girişini sağlar.
+
+.SH KULLANIM
+
+
+\fBlogin\fR [ \fIisim\fR ]
+.br
+\fBlogin -p\fR
+.br
+\fBlogin -h\fR \fIkonakismi\fR
+.br
+\fBlogin -f\fR \fIisim\fR
+
+
+.SH AÇIKLAMA
+
+\fBlogin\fR, bir sisteme bağlanmak için kullanılır. Ayrıca, istenilen bir anda, bir kullanıcı adından başka birine geçiş yapmak içinde kullanılabilir (günümüzdeki pek çok kabuk, yerleşik olarak bu özelliği desteklemektedir).
+
+Herhangi bir argüman belirtilmemişse, \fBlogin\fR kullanıcı adını soracaktır.
+
+Şayet kullanıcı root değilse, ve eğer /etc/nologin dosyası varsa, bu dosyanın içeriği ekrana basılacak ve \fBlogin\fR sonlandırılacaktır. Bu genellikle, sistem kapanırken, yapılacak bağlantıları önlemek için kullanılır.
+
+Şayet kullanıcı için /etc/usertty içinde özel erişim kısıtlamaları tanımlanmışsa, kullanıcı bu şartları karşılamak zorundadır. Aksi taktirde bağlantı girişimi reddedilecek ve bir \fBsyslog\fR iletisi üretilecektir. Daha fazla bilgi için "Özel Erişim Kısıtlamaları" bölümüne bakınız.
+
+Şayet kullanıcı root ise, /etc/securetty içinde listelenen uçbirimlerden birisini kullanarak bağlanmak zorundadır. Giriş hataları \fBsyslog\fR tarafından kaydedilir. 
+
+Bütün bu şartlar kontrol edildikten sonra, parola istenecek ve kontrol edilecektir (şayet bu kullanıcı için parola gerekli ise). \fBlogin\fR sonlandırılmadan önce, 10 giriş denemesine izin vardır, fakat ilk üç denemeden sonra isteğe karşılık verme süresi uzayacaktır. Bağlantı hataları \fBsyslog\fR üzerinden rapor edilecektir. Bu, ayrıca başarılı root bağlantılarını raporlamak içinde kullanılır. 
+
+Şayet .hushlogin dosyası varsa, bir "hızlı" bağlantı gerçekleştirilir (bu özellik; e-posta kontrolünü, en son bağlantı zamanının ve günün iletisinin ekrana basılmasını engeller). Diğer yandan, şayet /var/log/lastlog dosyası varsa, son bağlantı zamanı ekrana basılacaktır (ve o anki bağlantı kaydedilecektir).
+
+Uçbirimin UID ve GID ayarlarını yapmak gibi, rastgele yönetim işleri yapılır. Şayet daha önceden belirtilmişse, TERM ortam değişkeni korunur (\fB-p\fR seçeneği kullanılmışsa diğer çevre değişkenleri de korunur).  Daha sonra HOME, PATH, SHELL, TERM, MAIL ve LOGNAME ortam değişkenleri ayarlanır. PATH değişkeni normal kullanıcılar için öntanımlı olarak /usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:. ve root kullanıcı için /bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin'dir. Son olarak, şayet bu bir "hızlı" bağlantı değilse; günün iletisi görüntülenir, kullanıcıya ait /var/spool/mail içindeki dosya kontrol edilir ve şayet dosya uzunluğu sıfırdan farklı ise bir ileti görüntülenir (şayet bu dosyanın uzunluğu sıfırdan farklı ise, kullanıcıya bir ileti gelmiş demektir).
+
+Daha sonra kullanıcı kabuğu başlatılır. Şayet \fB/etc/passwd\fR içinde  kullanıcı için bir kabuk tanımlı değilse, \fB/bin/sh\fR kullanılır. Şayet /etc/passwd içinde bir dizin tanımlı değilse, ev dizini olarak \fB/\fR (kök) dizini kullanılır (yukarıda bahsedilen .hushlogin dosyası için ev dizinine bakılır).
+
+
+.SH SEÇENEKLER
+
+
+.br
+.ns
+.TP 
+\fB-p\fR
+\fBgetty\fR(8) tarafından kullanılır, ortam değişkenlerinin korunmasını sağlar.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-f\fR
+İkinci bağlantı doğrulamasını atlamak için kullanılır. Özellikle root kullanıcı için çalışmaz ve Linux altında da çalıştığı görülmemiştir.        
+
+.TP 
+\fB-h\fR
+Diğer sunucular tarafından (\fBtelnetd\fR(8) gibi) uzak sunucunun adını, \fBlogin\fR´e bildirmek için kullanılır, bundan dolayı, utmp ve wtmp içine yerleştirilebilir. Bu seçenek sadece root kullanıcı içindir.
+
+.PP
+
+.SH ÖZEL ERİŞİM KISITLAMALARI
+
+/etc/securetty dosyası, root kullanıcının bağlantı yapabileceği, uçbirim isimlerinin listesini içerir. Her bir satırda, /dev/ öneki olmaksızın bir tty aygıtının adı belirtilmelidir. Şayet bu dosya yoksa, root kullanıcı herhangi bir uçbirim üzerinden bağlanabilir.
+
+Günümüzde çoğu Linux sistemi PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules - Eklenebilir Kimlik Kantlama Modülleri) kullanmaktadır. PAM kullanılmayan sistemlerde /etc/usertty dosyası, belirlenen kullanıcılar için, ek erişim kısıtlamaları içerir. Şayet bu dosya yoksa, ek erişim kısıtlamaları yüklenemez. Bu dosya çeşitli bölümler içerir. Üç çeşit bölüm türü münkündür: CLASSES, GROUPS ve USERS. CLASSES bölümü uçbirim sınıflarının ve sunucu adlarının şablonlarını içerir. GROUPS  bölümü her bir grup için, USERS bölümü  ise her bir kullanıcı için izin verilen uçbirimleri ve sunucuları tanımlar.
+
+Bu dosya içindeki her bir satır en fazla 255 karaktere sahip olabilir. Açıklamalar \fB#\fR ile başlar ve satır sonuna kadar devam eder.
+
+.SS CLASSES Bölümü
+
+Bir CLASSES bölümü bir satırın başında tamamen büyük harflerden oluşmuş CLASSES dizgesi ile başlar. Yeni bir bölümün başlangıcına veya dosyanın sonuna kadar  her bir satır sekmeler ya da boşluklar tarafından ayrılmış sözcük dizilimleri içerir. Her bir satır uçbirim sınıfları ve sunucu şablonları içerir. 
+
+Satır başındaki sözcük, satırın kalanında tanımlanmış uçbirimler ve sunucu şablonları için ortak sınıf ismidir. Bu sınıf ismi GROUPS veya USERS bölümlerinde kullanılabilir. Yinelenmiş sınıflar oluşturma hatasından korunmak için sınıf isimleri tanımlamaların içinde kullanılmamalıdır. 
+
+Örnek bir CLASSES bölümü:
+
+.nf
+
+CLASSES
+sinif1       tty1 tty2
+sinif2       tty3 @.foo.com
+
+.fi
+
+
+Burada \fIsinif1\fR ve \fIsinif2\fR sınıfları sağ taraflarındakilerle tanımlanmıştır.
+
+.SS GROUPS Bölümü
+
+Bir GROUPS bölümü; her bir UNIX grubu için izin verilen uçbirim ve 
+sunucuları tanımlar.  Şayet bir kullanıcı /etc/passwd ve /etc/group dosyalarındaki tanımlara göre göre bir UNIX grubunun üyesi ise ve bu grup /etc/usertty içindeki GROUPS bölümünde belirtilmiş ise, kullanıcıya erişim izni verilmiş demektir.      
+
+Bir CLASSES bölümü bir satırın başında tamamen büyük harflerden oluşmuş CLASSES dizgesi ile başlar.
+Bir GROUPS bölümü bir satırda tamamen büyük harflerden oluşmuş GROUPS 
+yazısı ile başlar ve devam eden tüm satırlar, boşluklar veya tablar ile ayrılmış, kelimeler dizileridir. Satırdaki ilk kelime grup adı ve diğer kelimeler; grup elemanlarına bağlantı için izin verilen ttys´ler ve sunuculardır. Bu tanımlamalar önceki bölümde( CLASSES bölümünde) açıklanan sınıfları içerebilirler.
+
+
+.SH TEMİNİ
+
+\fBlogin\fR, e2fsprogs  paketinin bir parçasıdır ve
+.br
+http://e2fsprogs.sourceforge.net adresinden temin edilebilir.
+
+.SH İLGİLİ BELGELER
+
+\fBchattr\fR(1)
+
+.SH ÇEVİREN
+
+Yalçın Kolukısa <yalcink01 (at) yahoo.com>, Kasım 2003
+
diff --git a/man/tr/man1/passwd.1 b/man/tr/man1/passwd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a60a7ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/tr/man1/passwd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1998, 1999, 2002, Red Hat, Inc.
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Cristian Gafton, 1998, <gafton@redhat.com>
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"
+ 
+.TH passwd 1 "3 Ocak 1998" "Red Hat Linux" "Kullanıcı Araçları"
+.nh
+.SH İSİM  
+passwd - 
+kullanıcının parolasını günceller
+
+.SH KULLANIM
+
+.nf
+
+\fBpasswd \fR[\fB-k\fR] [\fB-l\fR] [\fB-u \fR[\fB-f\fR]] [\fB-d\fR] [\fB-n \fR\fIasgari_ömür\fR] [\fB-x \fR\fIazami_ömür\fR] 
+       [\fB-w \fR\fIuyarı_süresi\fR] [\fB-i \fR\fIaskı_süresi\fR] [\fB-S\fR] [\fIkullanıcı\fR]
+
+.fi
+
+
+
+.SH AÇIKLAMA
+
+\fBpasswd\fR, bir kullanıcının parolasını günceller
+
+\fBpasswd\fR, \fBLinux-PAM API\fR´si aracılığı ile çalışmak üzere ayarlanmıştır. Aslında, \fBpasswd\fR, kendisini Linux-Pam ile birlikte bir "passdw" servisi olarak başlatır ve  yetkilendirme için ayarlanmış parola modüllerini kullanır. Daha sonra kullanıcının parolası güncellenir.
+
+Bu servis için, Linux-PAM ayar dosyası, basitçe, şu şekilde olurdu: 
+
+.nf
+
+#
+# bir parola güncellenmeden önce, bu önerilen parolanın sağlamlığını
+# kontrol eden passwd servis girdisi.
+#
+passwd password requisite \
+            /usr/lib/security/pam_cracklib.so retry=3
+passwd password required \
+            /usr/lib/security/pam_unix.so use_authtok
+#
+
+.fi
+
+
+NOT: Bu uygulamanın düzgün çalışması için, diğer modül türlerine ihtiyaç yoktur.
+
+.SH SEÇENEKLER
+
+
+.br
+.ns
+.TP 
+\fB-k\fR
+Bu seçenek, güncellemenin, sadece geçerlilik süresi bitmiş parolaları kapsadığı anlamaına gelir. Kullanıcı geçerlilik süresi dolmamış parolalarını kullanmaya devam edebilir.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-l\fR
+Bu seçeneği sadece root kullanıcı kullanabilir. Belirtilen hesabı 
+kilitlemeye yarar. Kilitleme işlemi; şifrelenmiş parolanın sözdizimi geçersiz hale getirilerek uygulanır (şifreli sözdiziminin başına ! getirmek suretiyle).
+
+.TP 
+\fB--stdin\fR
+Bu seçenek, yeni parolanın borulanabilen standart girdiden okunacağı anlamına gelir.     
+
+.TP 
+\fB-u\fR
+\fB-l\fR seçeneğinin tersidir. Kilitlenmiş hesap parolalarının önündeki ! önekini kaldırarak, hesabı kullanıma açar. Bu seçenek, sadece root kullanıcıya tahsis edilmiştir. Öntanımlı olarak, \fBpassdw\fR, parolasız bir hesap oluşturmayı reddedecektir (parola olarak sadece ! işaretine sahip bir hesabın kilidini kaldıramaz). \fB-f\fR seçeneği, bu korumayı aşmak için kullanılabilir. 
+
+.TP 
+\fB-d\fR
+Bu seçenek, bir hesabın parolasını yok etmenin en kolay ve hızlı yoludur. Belirtilen hesabın parolasız açılmasını sağlar. Sadece root kullanıcı bu seçeneği kullanabilir. 
+
+.TP 
+\fB-n\fR
+Kullanıcının hesabı parola için bir geçerlilik süresi tanımlanmasını destekliyorsa, bu seçenekle parolanın geçerli olduğu asgari süre gün cinsinden belirtilebilir. Sadece root kullanıcı bu seçeneği kullanabilir. 
+
+.TP 
+\fB-x\fR
+Kullanıcının hesabı parola için bir geçerlilik süresi tanımlanmasını destekliyorsa, bu seçenekle parolanın geçerli olduğu azami süre gün cinsinden belirtilebilir. Sadece root kullanıcı bu seçeneği kullanabilir. 
+
+.TP 
+\fB-w\fR
+Kullanıcının hesabı parola için bir geçerlilik süresi tanımlanmasını destekliyorsa, bu seçenekle, kullanıcının parolasının zamanaşımına uğrayacağı tarihten kaç gün önceden itibaren uyarılacağı gün cinsinden belirtilebilir. Sadece root kullanıcı bu seçeneği kullanabilir.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-i\fR
+Kullanıcının hesabı parola için bir geçerlilik süresi tanımlanmasını destekliyorsa, kullanıcı parolası zamanaşımına uğradıktan sonra kullanıcı hesabı tamamen iptal edilene kadar kaç gün süreyle bekleneceği belirtilir. Sadece root kullanıcı bu seçeneği kullanabilir.
+
+.PP
+
+.SH İKİ ÖNEMLİ KURAL
+.SS Parolanızı koruyun
+
+Parolanızı herhangi bir yere not etmeyin. Bunun yerine ezberinizde tutun. Parolanızı şifrelenmemiş bir dosya içine yazıp, ortalıkta bırakmayın. Birbirinden bağımsız parolalar kullanın. Her yere aynı parola ile üye olmayın. Bilgisayar destek veya satış görevlileri ile parolanızı paylaşmayın. Parolanızı yazarken, kimsenin sizi izlemesine izin vermeyin. Güvenli olduğuna inanmadığınız bir sistemden, parolanız aracılığı ile giriş yapmayın. Parolanız için geçerlilik süreleri tahsis edin ve parolanızı düzenli olarak değiştirin. Bir sistemdeki parolanız sizin her şeyinizdir. Bu konuda paronoyak davranmak, vurdumduymazlıktan daha mantıklı bir yöntemdir.
+
+.SS Tahmin edilmesi güç bir parola seçin
+
+\fBpasswd\fR, sizin kötü bir parola seçmenizi önlemeye çalışacaktır, fakat bu çok güvenilir bir sistem değildir. Parolalarınızı, mantıklı bir şekilde oluşturun. Herhangi bir sözlükte (hangi dilde olursa olsun) bulunabilecek kelimeler kullanmayın. Çocuğunuzun, en sevdiğiniz film kahramanınızın, evcil hayvanlarınızın, ana-babanızın, mekanların ve ünlü kişilerin adlarını parola olarak seçmeyin. Telefon numarası, araç plakanız, doğum tarihiniz, SSK numaranız gibi başkaları tarafından ulaşılabilecek bilgileri, parola olarak kullanmayınız. Basit şablonlu parolalardan uzak durun. Bunun yerine, küçük ve büyük harflerin karışımından oluşan ve mümkünse içerisinde rakamlar bulunan parolalar seçin. Uzun parolalar kullanın. Noktalama işaretlerinin kullanıldığı kelime çiftleri oldukça iyi bir seçim olacaktır. Uzun ve akılda kalır bir cümlenin ilk harflerinden oluşmuş anlamsız bir kelime de oldukça iyi bir seçim sayılır. 
+
+
+
+Sistem, sizi bu iki kurala uymak konusunda biraz zorlayacaktır ama buradaki en önemli etken "insan"dır. Sistemlerin daha güvenli hale gelmesini sağlayan en önemli etken uyanık kullanıcılardır.
+
+.SH ÇIKIŞ DURUMU
+
+Çıkış durumu olarak \fB0\fR, işlemin başarıyla tamamlandığını gösterir. Hata oluştuğu durumlarda \fB1\fR ile çıkar. Metin olarak çıktılanabilen hatalar standart hataya yazılır.
+
+.SH UYUMLULUK
+
+Linux-PAM (Linux için Eklenebilir Kimlik Kanıtlama modülleri).
+.br
+Şayet, elinizdeki Linux-PAM sürümü, Linux dosya sistemi standartları ile uyumlu ise, modülleri /usr/lib/security dizini (örnekte gösterilen) yerine /lib/security altında bulabilirsiniz.
+
+.SH İLGİLİ DOSYALAR
+
+\fB/etc/pam.d/passwd\fR - \fBLinux-PAM\fR yapılandırma dosyası
+
+.SH YAZILIM HATALARI
+
+Bilinen herhangi bir yazılım hatası yoktur.
+.SH İLGİLİ BELGELER
+
+\fBpam_chauthok\fR(2),
+\fBpam\fR(8).
+
+\fBLinux-PAM\fR ile bu uygulamanın birlikte nasıl yapılandırıldığı hakkında daha ayrıntılı bilgiyi
+.br
+http://parc.power.net/morgan/Linux-PAM/index.html
+.br
+adresindeki, \fBLinux-PAM System Administrators´ Guide\fR içinde bulabilirsiniz.
+
+.SH YAZAN
+
+Cristian Gafton  <gafton (at) redhat.com> tarafından yazılmıştır.
+.SH ÇEVİREN
+
+Yalçın Kolukısa <yalcink01 (at) yahoo.com>, Aralık 2003
+
diff --git a/man/tr/man1/su.1 b/man/tr/man1/su.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..332c142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/tr/man1/su.1
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+
+.TH su 1 "Eylül 2001" "GNU sh-utils 2.0.11" "FSF"
+.nh
+.SH İSİM  
+su - 
+başka bir kullanıcı ve grup kimliği ile bir kabuk çalıştırır
+
+.SH KULLANIM
+
+
+\fBsu\fR [\fISEÇENEK\fR]... [-] [\fIKULLANICI\fR [\fIARGÜMANLAR\fR]...]
+
+
+
+.SH AÇIKLAMA
+
+Etkin kullanıcı ve grup kimliğini \fIKULLANICI\fR´nınkilerle ile değiştirir.    
+
+
+
+.br
+.ns
+.TP 
+\fB-\fR, \fB-l\fR, \fB--login\fR
+Kabuğu, giriş kabuğu haline dönüştürür.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-c\fR, \fB--commmand\fR=\fIKOMUT \fR
+Kabuğa \fB-c\fR ile tek bir \fIKOMUT\fR aktarır.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-f\fR, \fB--fast\fR
+Kabuğa \fB-f\fR aktarır (csh veya tcsh için).
+
+.TP 
+\fB-m\fR, \fB--preserve-environment\fR
+Ortam değişkenlerini sıfırlamaz.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-p\fR
+\fB-m\fR ile aynıdır.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-s\fR, \fB--shell\fR=\fIKABUK \fR
+/etc/shells izin verdiği taktirde \fIKABUK\fR kabuğunu çalıştırır.
+
+.TP 
+\fB--help\fR
+Bu yardım metnini görüntüler ve çıkar.      
+
+.TP 
+\fB--version\fR
+Sürüm bilgilerini görüntüler ve çıkar.        
+
+.PP
+
+
+Tek başına \fB-\fR verilirse \fB-l\fR verilmiş gibi işlem yapılır. \fIKULLANICI\fR belirtilmezse, kullanıcı root kabul edilir.
+
+.SH YAZAN
+
+David MacKenzie tarafından yazılmıştır.
+.SH GERİBİLDİRİM
+
+Lütfen, böcekleri ve hataları <bug-sh-utils (at) gnu.org> adresine bildirin.
+.SH TELİF HAKKI
+
+Telif hakkı © 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+.br
+Bu bir serbest yazılımdır; kopyalama koşulları için kaynak koduna bakınız. Hiçbir garantisi yoktur; hatta SATILABİLİRLİĞİ veya ŞAHSİ KULLANIMINIZA UYGUNLUĞU için bile garanti verilmez.
+
+.SH İLGİLİ BELGELER
+
+\fBsu\fR komutu ile ilgili kapsamlı bir kılavuz Texinfo olarak mevcuttur. Şayet \fBinfo\fR ve \fBsu\fR yazılımları düzgün bir şekilde sisteminizde mevcutsa, aşağıdaki komut ile bu kılavuzu görüntüleyebilirsiniz.
+
+.IP 
+
+\fBinfo su\fR
+.PP
+
+.SH ÇEVİREN
+
+Yalçın Kolukısa <yalcink01 (at) yahoo.com>, Kasım 2003
+
diff --git a/man/tr/man5/passwd.5 b/man/tr/man5/passwd.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c5348b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/tr/man5/passwd.5
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+
+
+.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de), Fri Apr  2 11:32:09 MET DST 1993
+.\"
+.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
+.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+.\"
+.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
+.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
+.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
+.\" intermediate and printed output.
+.\"
+.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
+.\"
+.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
+.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111,
+.\" USA.
+.\"
+.\" Modified Sun Jul 25 10:46:28 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
+.\" Modified Sun Aug 21 18:12:27 1994 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
+.\" Modified Sun Jun 18 01:53:57 1995 by Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
+.\" Modified Mon Jan  5 20:24:40 MET 1998 by Michael Haardt
+.\"  (michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de)
+
+.TH passwd 5 "5 Ocak 1998" "" "Dosya biçimleri"
+.nh
+.SH İSİM  
+passwd - 
+parola dosyası
+  
+.SH AÇIKLAMA
+
+
+
+
+
+
+\fBpasswd\fR bir metin dosyasıdır. Sistem hesaplarının bir listesini tutar. Kullanıcı kimliği, grup kimliği, ev dizini, kabuk ve benzeri bilgileri ihtiva eder. Sıklıkla, her bir hesap için şifrelenmiş parolayı da içerir. Herkes tarafından okunma iznine sahiptir (pek çok uygulama bu dosyayı kullanır, mesela \fBls\fR(1), kullanıcı ismi ile kullanıcı kimlğini birbirine eşlemek için kullanır) ama sadece süper kullanıcının yazma izni vardır.
+
+Eski güzel günlerde, bu okuma izni ile ilgili büyük bir sorun yoktu. Herkes bu şifreli parolaları okuyabiliyordu ama  iyi seçilmiş bir parolayı kırmak için yeterli donanım gücü yoktu ve kullanıcı grubu oldukça iyi niyetliydi. Günümüzde ise, pek çok kullanıcı gölgeli parola sistemini kullanmakta, /etc/passwd içinde parolanın yerinde bir `*´ görünmekte ve şifreli parola /etc/shadow içinde saklanmaktadır. Bu dosya sadece süper kullanıcı tarafından okunabilir.
+
+Gölgeli parolanın kullanılıp kullanılmadığına bakılmaksızın, pek çok sistem yöneticisi, şifrelenmiş parola alanında bir yıldız kullanır. Böylece bu kullanıcının bir parola kullanarak yetki almasını önler. (Yine de aşağıdaki \fBEK BİLGİ\fR bölümüne bakınız.
+
+Şayet yeni bir kullanıcı hesabı oluşturuyorsanız, ilk olarak parola alanına bir yıldız koyunuz, daha sonra \fBpasswd\fR(1)komutu ile parolayı belirleyin.
+
+Her satırda bir girdi yapılır ve her satır şu biçimdedir:
+.RS
+
+hesap:parola:UID:GID:GECOS:dizin:kabuk
+.RE
+
+Bu alanların açıklamaları şunlardır:
+
+
+.br
+.ns
+.TP 
+\fIhesap\fR
+Kullanıcının sistemdeki adı. Büyük harf içermemelidir.
+
+.TP 
+\fIparola\fR
+Şifreli kullanıcı parolası veya bir yıldız işareti.
+
+.TP 
+\fIUID\fR
+Sayısal kullanıcı kimliği
+
+.TP 
+\fIGID\fR
+Bu kullanıcının sayısal birincil grup kimliği
+
+.TP 
+\fIGECOS\fR
+Bu alan seçime bağlıdır ve sadece bilgilendirme amacı 
+ile kullanılır. Genellikle kullanıcının tam adı yazılır. GECOS´un anlamı General Electric  Comprehensive  Operating System´dir. General Electric´in büyük sistem bölümü Honeywell´e satıldığı zaman GCOS olarak yeniden adlandırılmıştır.    Dennis Ritchie´nin bildirdiğine göre: "bazı zamanlar yazıcı çıktılarını veya toplu işleri GCOS makineye gönderiyoruz. Parola dosyasındaki gcos alanı $IDENTcard için bilgileri biriktirme alanı olarak kullanılır. Zariflik olsun diye oraya konmamıştır."
+
+.TP 
+\fIdizin\fR
+Kullanıcının $HOME dizinidir.
+
+.TP 
+\fIkabuk\fR
+Sisteme girişte kullanılacak kabuk (belirtilmemişse \fB/bin/sh\fR kullanılır). Şayet olmayan bir uygulama belirtilirse, kullanıcı \fBlogin\fR(1) ile sisteme bağlanamaz.
+
+.PP
+.SH EK BİLGİ
+
+Şayet bir kullanıcı grubu oluşturmak istiyorsanız, Grup numaraları aynı olmak zorundadır ve /etc/group dosyasında bir girdisi olmalıdır. Aksi taktirde bir grup oluşturulmaz.
+
+Şayet şifreli parola bir yıldız ile betimlenmişse, kullanıcı \fBlogin\fR(1)'i kullanarak bağlanamaz ama hala \fBrlogin\fR(1)'i kullanarak bağlanabilir, varolan bir süreci çalıştırabilir, \fBrsh\fR(1), \fBcron\fR(1), \fBat\fR(1) veya posta süzgeçleri üzerinden yenilerini başlatabilir. Kabuk alanını değiştirerek bir hesabı kapatmaya çalışmak da aynı sonucu verir ve ek olarak \fBsu\fR(1) komutunun kullanımına izin verir.
+
+.SH İLGİLİ DOSYALAR
+
+/etc/passwd
+.SH İLGİLİ BELGELER
+
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5).
+
+.SH ÇEVİREN
+
+Yalçın Kolukısa <yalcink01 (at) yahoo.com>, Ocak 2004
+
diff --git a/man/tr/man5/shadow.5 b/man/tr/man5/shadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eecbf63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/tr/man5/shadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1989 - 1990, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+.TH shadow 5 "" "" ""
+.nh
+.SH İSİM  
+shadow - 
+şifreli parola dosyası
+  
+.SH AÇIKLAMA
+
+\fBshadow\fR kullanıcı hesaplarının şifreli parola bilgilerini ve isteğe bağlı parola dönemsellik bilgilerini içerir.
+
+
+.IP 
+
+Kullanıcı adı
+
+Şifreli parola
+
+1 Ocak 1970´den parolanın en son değiştiği güne kadar geçen gün sayısı
+
+Parolanın değişmesi gerekecek güne kadar olan sürenin gün sayısı
+
+Parolanın değişmesi gereken günden sonraki sürenin gün sayısı
+
+Parolanın zaman aşımından önce kullanıcının uyarılacağı gün sayısı
+
+Parolanın zaman aşımından hesabın kapatılacağı güne kadar geçecek sürenin gün sayısı
+
+1 ocak 1970´den hesabın kapatılacağı güne kadar geçen sürenin gün sayısı
+
+Bir yedek alan
+
+.PP
+Parola alanı mutlaka dolu olmalıdır. Şifreli parola alanı 64 karakterlik 
+bir alfabeden (a´dan z´ye, A´dan Z´ye, 0´dan 9´a, "." Ve "/" den oluşan bir alfabe) seçilen 13 ila 24 karakterden oluşur. Bu dizgenin nasıl yorumlandığını görmek için \fBcrypt\fR(3)'e bakınız.
+
+Parolanın en son değiştiği günün tarihi, 1 Ocak 1970´den beri geçen gün sayısı olarak belirtilir. Geçerli gün sayısı geçmeden parolanın tekrar değiştirilmesi önlenebilir ve belirli bir gün sayısı geçtikten sonra parolanın değişmesi için kullanıcı zorlanabilir. Şayet gerekli en az gün sayısı en çok gün sayısından daha büyük ise, parola kullanıcı tarafından değiştirilemez.
+
+Şayet parola son kullanım tarihinden sonra belirtilen süre içinde değiştirilmez ise, kullanıcı hesabı kapatılır. Parola son kullanım tarihinden bağımsız olarak, bir kullanıcı hesabı belirtilen sürenin sonunda kapatılabilir.
+
+Bu bilgiler, /etc/passwd dosyasında da varsa, /etc/shadow dosyasındaki bilgiler geçerlidir. 
+
+Parola güvenliği açısından bu dosya için normal kullanıcılara okuma izni kapalı olmalıdır.
+
+.SH İLGİLİ DOSYALAR
+
+/etc/passwd - kullanıcı hesap bilgileri
+.br
+/etc/shadow - şifreli kullanıcı parolaları
+
+.SH İLGİLİ BELGELER
+
+\fBchage\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwconv\fR(8),
+\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
+\fBsulogin\fR(8).
+
+.SH YAZAN
+
+Julianne Frances Haugh <jockgrrl (at) ix.netcom.com> tarafından yazılmıştır.
+.SH ÇEVİREN
+
+Yalçın Kolukısa <yalcink01 (at) yahoo.com>, Ocak 2004
+
diff --git a/man/tr/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/tr/man8/groupadd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f76ed9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/tr/man8/groupadd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+.TH groupadd 8 "" "" ""
+.nh
+.SH İSİM  
+groupadd - 
+yeni bir grup oluşturur
+
+.SH KULLANIM
+
+.nf
+
+\fBgroupadd\fR [\fB-g \fR\fIgrup-kimliği\fR [\fB-o\fR]] [\fB-r\fR] [\fB-f\fR] \fIgrup\fR
+
+.fi
+
+
+.SH AÇIKLAMA
+
+\fBgroupadd\fR komutu, komut satırından tanımlanan bilgiler ve sistemdeki öntanımlı bilgiler eşliğinde yeni bir grup oluşturur. Yeni grup, gerekli sistem dosyalarına girilir. \fBgroupadd\fR komutuna uygulanacak seçenekler şunlardır:
+
+
+
+.br
+.ns
+.TP 
+\fB-g \fR\fIgrup-kimliği\fR
+Grubu tanımlayan numara. \fB-o\fR seçeneği belirtilmediği sürece bu numara benzersiz olmalıdır. Negatif bir değer atanamaz. Öntanımlı olarak 500´den ve diğer bütün tanımlı grup numaralarından daha büyük olan en küçük sayı kullanılır. 0 ile 499 arasındaki değerler, geleneksel olarak, \fIsistem hesapları\fR için ayrılır.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-r\fR
+Bu seçenek \fBgroupadd\fR komutuna bir \fIsistem hesabı\fR eklemesini söyler. \fB-g\fR seçeneği belirtilmediği sürece, 499´dan küçük olan olası bir grup numarası atanır. Bu seçenek Red Hat tarafından eklenmiştir.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-f\fR
+Zorlama seçeneği. Bu seçenek, \fBgroupadd\fR komutunun eklemeye çalıştığı grup sistemde halihazırda var ise, bir hata vererek çıkmasını sağlar. Böyle bir durumda grup değişmeyecek veya tekrar eklenmeyecektir. 
+
+Bu seçenek aynı zamanda, \fB-g\fR seçeneğinin çalışma şeklini düzenler. Benzersiz olmayan bir grup numarası istediğiniz ve \fB-o\fR seçeneğini vermediğiniz zaman, grup oluşturma işlemi, standart şekline (\fB-g\fR veya \fB-o\fR seçeneği tanımlanmadığı durumda bir grup ekler gibi) geri dönecektir. Bu seçenek Red Hat tarafından eklenmiştir.
+
+.PP
+
+.SH İLGİLİ DOSYALAR
+
+.nf
+
+\fB/etc/group\fR   - grupların hesap bilgileri
+\fB/etc/gshadow\fR - güvenli grup bilgileri
+
+.fi
+
+
+.SH İLGİLİ BELGELER
+
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8).
+
+.SH YAZAN
+
+Julianne Frances Haugh <jockgrrl (at) ix.netcom.com> tarafından yazılmıştır.
+
+.SH ÇEVİREN
+
+Yalçın Kolukısa <yalcink01 (at) yahoo.com>, Ocak 2004
+
diff --git a/man/tr/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/tr/man8/groupdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..539659a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/tr/man8/groupdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+.TH groupdel 8 "" "" ""
+.nh
+.SH İSİM  
+groupdel - 
+bir grubu siler
+
+.SH KULLANIM
+\fBgroupdel \fR\fIgrup\fR
+  
+.SH AÇIKLAMA
+
+\fBgroupdel\fR komutu, sistem hesap dosyalarını düzenler ve \fIgrup\fR olarak belirtilen gruba ait bütün girdileri siler. Silinmek istenen grup, sistemde varolmalıdır.
+
+Silme işleminden sonra, silinen grup numarasına ait herhangi bir dosya kalmadığından emin olmak için bütün dosya sistemlerini kontrol etmelisiniz.
+
+.SH YETERSİZLİKLER
+
+Varolan herhangi bir kullanıcının birincil grubunu silemeyebilirsiniz. Grubu silmeden önce bu kullanıcıyı sistemden kaldırmak zorundasınız.
+
+.SH İLGİLİ DOSYALAR
+
+.nf
+
+\fB/etc/group\fR   - grupların hesap bilgileri
+\fB/etc/gshadow\fR - güvenli grup bilgileri
+
+.fi
+
+
+.SH İLGİLİ BELGELER
+
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8).
+
+.SH YAZAN
+
+Julianne Frances Haugh <jockgrrl (at) ix.netcom.com> tarafından yazılmıştır.
+
+.SH ÇEVİREN
+
+Yalçın Kolukısa <yalcink01 (at) yahoo.com>, Ocak 2004
+
diff --git a/man/tr/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/tr/man8/groupmod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e904975
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/tr/man8/groupmod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+.TH groupmod 8 "" "" ""
+.nh
+.SH İSİM  
+groupmod - 
+bir grubun niteliklerini düzenler
+
+.SH KULLANIM
+
+.nf
+
+\fBgroupmod\fR [\fB-g \fR\fIgrup-kimliği\fR [\fB-o\fR]] [\fB-n \fR\fIgrup-ismi\fR] \fIgrup\fR
+
+.fi
+
+
+.SH AÇIKLAMA
+
+\fBgroupmod\fR komutu, komut satırından tanımlanan bir gruba ait bilgilerdeki değişiklikleri, sistem hesap dosyaları üzerinde değiştirmek için kullanılır. Bu komuta verilebilecek seçenekler şunlardır: 
+
+
+
+.br
+.ns
+.TP 
+\fB-g \fR\fIgrup-kimliği\fR
+Grubu tanımlayan numara. \fB-o\fR seçeneği belirtilmediği sürece bu numara benzersiz olmalıdır. Negatif bir değer atanamaz.  0 ile 99 arasında değerler, geleneksel olarak, sistem grupları için ayrılmıştır. Dosya grup numarası, eski grup numarası olan bütün dosyaların dosya grup numaraları el ile değiştirilmelidir.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-n \fR\fIgrup-ismi\fR
+\fIgrup\fR ile belirtilen grubun alacağı yeni grup adını tanımlar.
+
+.PP
+
+.SH İLGİLİ DOSYALAR
+
+.nf
+
+\fB/etc/group\fR   - grupların hesap bilgileri
+\fB/etc/gshadow\fR - güvenli grup bilgileri
+
+.fi
+
+
+.SH İLGİLİ BELGELER
+
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8).
+
+.SH YAZAN
+
+Julianne Frances Haugh <jockgrrl (at) ix.netcom.com> tarafından yazılmıştır.
+
+.SH ÇEVİREN
+
+Yalçın Kolukısa <yalcink01 (at) yahoo.com>, Ocak 2004
+
diff --git a/man/tr/man8/useradd.8 b/man/tr/man8/useradd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd28b76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/tr/man8/useradd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+.TH useradd 8 "" "" ""
+.nh
+.SH İSİM  
+useradd - 
+yeni bir kullanıcı oluşturur veya öntanımlı yeni kullanıcı bilgilerini günceller
+
+.SH KULLANIM
+
+.nf
+
+\fBuseradd\fR [\fB-c \fR\fIaçıklama\fR] [\fB-d \fR\fIevdizini\fR]
+        [\fB-e \fR\fIbitiş_tarihi\fR] [\fB-f \fR\fIaskı_süresi\fR]
+        [\fB-g \fR\fIbirincil_grup\fR] [\fB-G \fR\fIgrup\fR[,...]]
+        [\fB-m \fR[\fB-k \fR\fIiskelet_dizin\fR] | \fB-M\fR] [\fB-p \fR\fIparola\fR]
+        [\fB-s \fR\fIkabuk\fR] [\fB-u \fR\fIkull_kiml\fR [ \fB-o\fR]] [\fB-n\fR] [\fB-r\fR] \fIkullanıcı\fR
+
+.fi
+
+
+.nf
+    
+\fBuseradd -D\fR [\fB-g \fR\fIöntanımlı_grup\fR] [\fB-b \fR\fIöntanımlı_ev\fR]
+        [\fB-f \fR\fIöntanımlı_askı_süresi\fR] [\fB-e \fR\fIöntanımlı_bitiş_tarihi\fR]
+        [\fB-s \fR\fIöntanımlı_kabuk\fR]
+
+.fi
+
+
+.SH AÇIKLAMA
+.SS Yeni Kullanıcıların Oluşturulması
+
+\fB-D\fR seçeneği belitilmeden çağrıldığında, \fBuseradd\fR komutu, komut satırında tanımlanan değerleri ve sistemdeki öntanımlı değerleri kullanarak yeni bir kullanıcı oluşturur. Komut satırında belirtilen seçeneklere bağlı olarak, gerekli sistem dosyalarına yeni kullanıcının bilgileri girilir; ev dizini oluşturulur;  ilk dosyalar kopyalanır.  Red Hat Linux´da kullanılan sürümünde, \fB-n\fR seçeneği belirtilmediği sürece, oluşturulan her kullanıcı için yeni bir grup oluşturulur. Kullanabileceğiniz seçenekler şunlardır:
+
+
+
+.br
+.ns
+.TP 
+\fB-c \fR\fIaçıklama\fR
+Yeni kullanıcının parola dosyasındaki açıklama alanı.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-d \fR\fIevdizini\fR
+Oluşturulan yeni kullanıcının sisteme girişte kullanacağı ev dizinini belirtir. Öntanımlı olarak, \fIkullanıcı\fR ismi \fIöntanımlı_ev\fR'e eklenecek ve sisteme giriş dizini ismi olarak kullanılacaktır.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-e \fR\fIbitiş_tarihi\fR
+Kullanıcı hesabının son kullanma tarihini belirtir. Tarih YYYY-AA-GG (Y: yıl, A: ay, G: gün) şeklinde belirtilir.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-f \fR\fIaskı_süresi\fR
+Kullanıcı parolasının son kullanma tarihinden itibaren, bu hesabın 
+tamamen kapatılacağı tarihe kadar geçecek olan sürenin gün cinsinden değeri belirtilir. Bu değer 0 olarak belirtilirse, parolanın son kullanma tarihinde hesap kapatılır. -1 değeri verilirse, bu özellik iptal edilmiş olur. -1 değeri öntanımlı değerdir. 
+
+.TP 
+\fB-g \fR\fIbirincil_grup\fR
+Kullanıcının üyesi olacağı birincil grubun adı veya numarası belirtilir. Belirtilen grup, sistemde önceden tanımlanmış olmalıdır. Şayet grup numarası belirtilmiş ise, bu numara sistemde var olan bir gruba ait olmalıdır. Olmayan gruba ait bir isim veya numara kullanamazsınız. Öntanımlı değer 1 dir.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-g \fR\fIgrup\fR[,...]
+Kullanıcının üyesi olacağı ilave gruplar belirtilir. Her grup, diğerinden virgül ile ayrılır, arada boşluk bırakılmaz. Burada tanımlanan gruplar, \fB-g\fR ile tanımlanan grubun kısıtlamalarına tabidirler. Öntanımlı olarak, kullanıcının sadece \fIbirincil_grup\fR üyesi olduğu kabul edilir.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-m\fR
+Şayet sistemde kullanıcının ev dizini yok ise, yeni bir dizin oluşturulur. Eğer \fB-k\fR seçeneği belirtilmişse \fIiskelet_dizin\fR içindeki dosyalar ev dizinine kopyalanır. Aksi taktirde /etc/skel içindeki dosyalar kullanılır. \fIiskelet_dizin\fR veya /etc/skel içindeki bütün dizinler, ev dizininde de oluşturulur. \fB-k\fR seçeneği, sadece \fB-m\fR seçeneği ile birlikte kullanıldığında etkilidir. Öntanımlı olarak, dizin oluşturulmaz ve dosyalar kopyalanmaz.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-M\fR
+/etc/login.defs içinde tanımlı bütün sistemi kapsayan ayarlarda ev dizininin yaratılması gerektiği belirtilmiş olsa bile, kullanıcı ev dizini oluşturulmaz.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-n\fR
+Öntanımlı olarak, oluşturulan yeni kullanıcı ile aynı adlı yeni bir grup oluşturulur. Bu seçenek belirtilir ise, bu Red Hat Linux´a özel davranış kapatılmış olur. 
+
+.TP 
+\fB-r\fR
+Bu seçenek, yeni bir sistem hesabı açmak için kullanılır. Böylece, /etc/login.defs içinde belirtilen UID_MIN değerinden daha küçük kullanıcı kimlikli kullanıcı oluşturulabilir. /etc/login.defs içindeki öntanımlı değerler ne olursa olsun, \fBuseradd\fR komutu böyle bir kullanıcı için ev dizini oluşturmayacaktır. Oluşturulacak sistem hesabı için bir ev dizini istiyorsanız, \fB-m\fR seçeneğini kullanmak zorundasınız. Bu, Red Hat tarafından eklenmiş bir seçenektir.   
+
+.TP 
+\fB-p \fR\fIparola\fR
+\fBcrypt\fR(3) tarafından döndürülen şifrelenmiş paroladır. Öntanımlı olarak hesap kapalıdır.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-s \fR\fIkabuk\fR
+Kullanıcının sisteme girişte kullanacağı kabuğun adıdır. Öntanımlı olarak bu değer boştur, böylece sistemin öntanımlı kabuğunun seçilmesi sağlanır. 
+
+.TP 
+\fB-u \fR\fIkull_kiml\fR
+Kullanıcı kimliğinin sayısal değeridir. Bu değer, \fB-o\fR seçeneği kullanılmadığı sürece, eşsiz olmalıdır. Değer mutlaka pozitif bir sayı olmalıdır. Öntanımlı olarak, diğer kullanıcıların numaralarından ve 99´dan büyük, en küçük numara kullanılır. 0 ile 99 arasındaki değerler sistem hesapları için ayrılmıştır.
+
+.PP
+.SS Öntanımlı Değerlerin Değiştirilmesi
+
+ 
+\fB-D\fR seçeneği ile birlikte kullanıldığı zaman, \fBuseradd\fR ya geçerli değerleri görüntüler, ya da öntanımlı değerleri, komut satırından belirtilenler ile günceller. Kullanabileceğiniz seçenekler şunlardır:          
+
+
+.br
+.ns
+.TP 
+\fB-b \fR\fIöntanımlı_ev\fR
+Yeni bir kullanıcının ev dizini için ilk dosyayolu önekini belirtir. \fIYeni bir hesap açarken \fB-d\fR seçeneği belirtilmemişse\fR, yeni kullanıcının adı \fIöntanımlı_ev\fR'in sonuna eklenir ve yeni dizin oluşturulur.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-e \fR\fIöntanımlı_bitiş_tarihi\fR
+Kullanıcı hesabının kapatılacağı tarih.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-f \fR\fIöntanımlı_askı_süresi\fR
+Kullanıcı parolasının son kullanma tarihinden itibaren, bu hesabın tamamen kapatılacağı tarihe kadar geçecek olan sürenin gün cinsinden değeri.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-g \fR\fIöntanımlı_grup\fR
+Yeni bir kullanıcı için birincil grup adı veya grup kimliği. Belirtilen grup ismi sistemde mevcut olmalı ve sayısal grup kimliği için mevcut bir girdi bulunmalıdır.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-s \fR\fIöntanımlı_kabuk\fR
+Yeni bir kullanıcının sisteme girişte kullanacağı kabuğun adı. Belirtilen kabuk gelecekte açılacak bütün yeni hesaplarda kullanılır.
+
+.PP
+
+Şayet herhangi bir seçenek belirtilmezse, \fBuseradd\fR geçerli öntanımlı değerleri görüntüleyecektir.
+
+.SH NOTLAR    
+
+/etc/skel dizinindeki öntanımlı dosyaların yerleştirilmesi sistem yöneticilerinin sorumluluğundadır. \fBuseradd\fR komutunun bu sürümü, Red Hat tarafından, Red Hat kullanıcı/grup uyumluluğunu sağlayamak için düzenlenmiştir.
+
+.SH YETERSİZLİKLER
+
+NIS grubuna kullanıcı ekleyemezsiniz. Bu NIS sunucusu üzerinde yapılmalıdır. 
+ 
+.SH İLGİLİ DOSYALAR
+
+.nf
+
+\fB/etc/passwd\fR          - kullanıcı hesabı bilgileri
+\fB/etc/shadow\fR          - güvenli kullanıcı hesabı bilgileri
+\fB/etc/group\fR           - grup bilgileri
+\fB/etc/gshadow\fR         - güvenli grup bilgileri
+\fB/etc/default/useradd\fR - öntanımlı bilgiler
+\fB/etc/login.defs\fR      - sistem genelinde geçerli kurallar
+\fB/etc/skel\fR            - öntanımlı dosyaları içeren dizin
+
+.fi
+
+
+.SH İLGİLİ BELGELER
+
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8).
+
+.SH YAZAN
+
+Julianne Frances Haugh <jockgrrl (at) ix.netcom.com> tarafından yazılmıştır.
+
+.SH ÇEVİREN
+
+Yalçın Kolukısa <yalcink01 (at) yahoo.com>, Aralık 2003
+
diff --git a/man/tr/man8/userdel.8 b/man/tr/man8/userdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f7a8b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/tr/man8/userdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+.TH userdel 8 "" "" ""
+.nh
+.SH İSİM  
+userdel - 
+Bir kullanıcı hesabını ve onunla ilgili dosyaları siler
+
+.SH KULLANIM
+
+.nf
+
+\fBuserdel\fR [ \fB-r\fR ] \fIkullanıcı\fR
+
+.fi
+
+
+.SH AÇIKLAMA
+
+\fBuserdel\fR, userdel komutu, \fIkullanıcı\fR ile belirtilen hesabı silerek, sistem hesap dosyalarını değiştirir. Silinmeye çalışan \fIkullanıcı\fR hesabı, sistemde var olan bir hesap olmalıdır. Var olmayan bir hesabı silemezsiniz.
+
+
+
+.br
+.ns
+.TP 
+\fB-r\fR
+Kullanıcının ev dizinindeki dosyalar, ev dizininin kendisi ve 
+kullanıcının posta havuzu silinir. Diğer dosya sistemlerinde bulunan dosyalar silinmez. Bu nedenle bu dosyaları bulmak ve onları silmek sistem yöneticisinin görevidir.
+
+.PP
+
+.SH İLGİLİ DOSYALAR    
+
+.nf
+
+/etc/passwd - kullanıcı hesap bilgileri
+/etc/shadow - güvenli kullanıcı hesap bilgileri
+/etc/group  - grup bilgileri 
+
+.fi
+  
+
+.SH YETERSİZLİKLER    
+
+Kullanıcı sisteme bağlı ise, \fBuserdel\fR komutu ile bu hesabı 
+kaldıramazsınız.  Silmeye çalıştığınız hesaba ait çalışan bütün süreçleri öldürmek zorundasınız. Bir NIS istemcisindeki NIS özniteliklerini kaldıramayabilirsiniz. Bu işlem, NIS sunucu üzerinde gerçekleştirilmelidir.
+
+.SH İLGİLİ BELGELER
+
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8).
+
+.SH YAZAN
+
+Julianne Frances Haugh <jockgrrl (at) ix.netcom.com> tarafından  yazılmıştır.
+
+.SH ÇEVİREN
+
+Yalçın Kolukısa <yalcink01 (at) yahoo.com>, Aralık 2003
+
diff --git a/man/tr/man8/usermod.8 b/man/tr/man8/usermod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b054f4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/tr/man8/usermod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+.TH usermod 8 "" "" ""
+.nh
+.SH İSİM  
+usermod - 
+bir kullanıcı hesabını düzenler
+
+.SH KULLANIM
+
+.nf
+
+\fBusermod\fR [\fB-c \fR\fIaçıklama\fR] [\fB-d \fR\fIevdizini \fR[\fB-m\fR]]
+        [\fB-e \fR\fIbitiş_tarihi\fR] [\fB-f \fR\fIaskı_süresi\fR]
+        [\fB-g \fR\fIbirincil_grup\fR] [\fB-G \fR\fIgrup\fR[,...]]
+        [\fB-l \fR\fIkullanıcı-adı\fR]  [\fB-p \fR\fIparola\fR]
+        [\fB-s \fR\fIkabuk\fR] [\fB-u \fR\fIkull_kiml\fR [\fB-o\fR]] [\fB-L\fR|\fB-U\fR] \fIkullanıcı\fR
+
+.fi
+
+
+.SH AÇIKLAMA
+
+\fBusermod\fR komutu, sistem hesap dosyalarını düzenlemeye, üzerlerinde değişiklik yapmaya yarar. Bu komuta uygulanabilecek seçenekler şunlardır:
+
+
+
+.br
+.ns
+.TP 
+\fB-c \fR\fIaçıklama\fR
+Kullanıcı parola dosyasındaki açıklama alanına girilecek yeni değeri belirtir. Normalde \fBchfn\fR(1) komutu ile düzenlenir.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-d \fR\fIevdizini\fR
+Kullanıcının sisteme girişte kullanacağı ev dizinini belirtir. Şayet \fB-m\fR seçeneği belirtilmiş ise, kullanıcının hali hazırda kullanmakta olduğu ev dizininin içeriği yeni oluşturulan ev dizinine aktarılır.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-e \fR\fIbitiş_tarihi\fR
+Kullanıcı hesabının son kullanma tarihini belirtir. Tarih YYYY-AA-GG (Y: yıl, A: ay, G: gün) şeklinde belirtilir.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-f \fR\fIaskı_süresi\fR
+Kullanıcı parolasının son kullanma tarihinden itibaren, bu hesabın 
+tamamen kapatılacağı tarihe kadar geçecek olan sürenin gün cinsinden değeri belirtilir. Bu değer 0 olarak belirtilirse, parolanın son kullanma tarihinde hesap kapatılır. -1 değeri verilirse, bu özellik iptal edilmiş olur. -1 değeri öntanımlı değerdir. 
+
+.TP 
+\fB-g \fR\fIbirincil_grup\fR
+Kullanıcının üyesi olacağı birincil grubun adı veya numarası belirtilir. Belirtilen grup, sistemde önceden tanımlanmış olmalıdır. Öntanımlı değer 1 dir.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-g \fR\fIgrup\fR[,...]
+Kullanıcının üyesi olacağı ilave gruplar belirtilir. Her grup, diğerinden virgül ile ayrılır, arada boşluk bırakılmaz. Burada tanımlanan gruplar, \fB-g\fR ile tanımlanan grubun kısıtlamalarına tabidirler. Şayet kullanıcı listelenen gruplar haricinde bir grubun da üyesi ise, kullanıcı bu gruptan çıkarılır.  
+
+.TP 
+\fB-l \fR\fIkullanıcı-adı\fR
+Sisteme girişte kullanıcının kullanacağı yeni isim. Sadece isim değişir, başka hiçbir şey değişmez. Kullanıcının ev dizininin ismi, yeni kullanıcı ismi ile bağlantı yapılmasını sağlamak için \fIkullanıcı-adı\fR ile tanımlanan yeni isme dönüşür.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-p \fR\fIparola\fR
+\fBcrypt\fR(3) tarafından döndürülen şifrelenmiş paroladır.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-s \fR\fIkabuk\fR
+Kullanıcının sisteme girişte kullanacağı kabuğun adıdır. Bu alan boş bırakılırsa, sistemin öntanımlı kabuğunun seçilmesi sağlanır. 
+
+.TP 
+\fB-u \fR\fIkull_kiml\fR
+Kullanıcı kimliğinin sayısal değeridir. Bu değer, \fB-o\fR seçeneği kullanılmadığı sürece, eşsiz olmalıdır. Değer mutlaka pozitif bir sayı olmalıdır. 0 ile 99 arsındaki değerler sistem hesapları için ayrılmıştır. Bu değer değiştirildiği zaman; kullanıcının sahip olduğu bütün dosyaların ve kullanıcı ev dizinini kök dizin olarak kabul ederek, kullanıcı ev dizininin altındaki hiyeraşik yapı içindeki bütün dosyaların kullanıcı numarası otomatik olarak değişir. Kullanıcı ev dizininin dışındaki dosyaların kullanıcı iyelik numarası kullanıcı tarafından değiştirilmelidir.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-L\fR
+Kullanıcı parolasını kilitler. Parolayı devre dışı bırakmak için, şifreli parolanın önüne '!'  işareti koyar. Bu seçeneği \fB-p\fR veya \fB-U\fR seçenekleri ile birlikte kullanamazsınız.
+
+.TP 
+\fB-U\fR
+Devre dışı bırakılmış bir kullanıcı parolasını tekrar açar. Yaptığı iş şifreli parolanın önündeki '!' işaretini kaldırmaktır. Bu seçeneği \fB-p\fR veya \fB-L\fR seçenekleri ile birlikte kullanamazsınız.
+
+.PP
+.SH YETERSİZLİKLER
+
+\fBusermod\fR komutu ile, sisteme bağlı bir kullanıcının adını 
+değiştiremezsiniz. Kullanıcının tanımlayıcı numarasını değiştirmeye kalktığınız zaman, kullanıcının herhangi bir süreç çalıştırmadığından emin olun. Herhangi bir \fBcrontab\fR dosyasının sahibini kendiniz değiştirmelisiniz.  Çalışan herhangi bir işin sahibini de kendiniz değiştirmelisiniz. NIS sunuculardaki NIS ile alakalı bütün değişiklikleri kendiniz yapmalısınız
+ 
+.SH İLGİLİ DOSYALAR
+
+.nf
+
+\fB/etc/passwd\fR  - kullanıcı hesabı bilgileri
+\fB/etc/shadow\fR  - güvenli kullanıcı hesabı bilgileri
+\fB/etc/group\fR   - grup bilgileri
+
+.fi
+
+
+.SH İLGİLİ BELGELER
+
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8).
+
+.SH YAZAN
+
+Julianne Frances Haugh <jockgrrl (at) ix.netcom.com> tarafından yazılmıştır.
+
+.SH ÇEVİREN
+
+Yalçın Kolukısa <yalcink01 (at) yahoo.com>, Ocak 2004
+
diff --git a/man/uk/Makefile.am b/man/uk/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30c8627
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+
+mandir = @mandir@/uk
+
+man_MANS = \
+	man1/chage.1 \
+	man1/chfn.1 \
+	man8/chgpasswd.8 \
+	man8/chpasswd.8 \
+	man1/chsh.1 \
+	man1/expiry.1 \
+	man5/faillog.5 \
+	man8/faillog.8 \
+	man3/getspnam.3 \
+	man1/gpasswd.1 \
+	man8/groupadd.8 \
+	man8/groupdel.8 \
+	man8/groupmems.8 \
+	man8/groupmod.8 \
+	man1/groups.1 \
+	man8/grpck.8 \
+	man8/grpconv.8 \
+	man8/grpunconv.8 \
+	man5/gshadow.5 \
+	man8/lastlog.8 \
+	man1/login.1 \
+	man5/login.defs.5 \
+	man8/logoutd.8 \
+	man1/newgrp.1 \
+	man8/newusers.8 \
+	man8/nologin.8 \
+	man1/passwd.1 \
+	man5/passwd.5 \
+	man8/pwck.8 \
+	man8/pwconv.8 \
+	man8/pwunconv.8 \
+	man1/sg.1 \
+	man3/shadow.3 \
+	man5/shadow.5 \
+	man1/su.1 \
+	man5/suauth.5 \
+	man8/useradd.8 \
+	man8/userdel.8 \
+	man8/usermod.8 \
+	man8/vigr.8 \
+	man8/vipw.8
+
+man_nopam = \
+	man5/login.access.5 \
+	man5/porttime.5
+
+if !USE_PAM
+man_MANS += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+EXTRA_DIST = \
+	$(man_MANS) \
+	man1/id.1 \
+	man8/sulogin.8
+
+if USE_PAM
+EXTRA_DIST += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+include ../generate_translations.mak
+
diff --git a/man/uk/Makefile.in b/man/uk/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce192e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,786 @@
+# Makefile.in generated by automake 1.16.5 from Makefile.am.
+# @configure_input@
+
+# Copyright (C) 1994-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation
+# gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
+# with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without
+# even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
+# PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+@SET_MAKE@
+VPATH = @srcdir@
+am__is_gnu_make = { \
+  if test -z '$(MAKELEVEL)'; then \
+    false; \
+  elif test -n '$(MAKE_HOST)'; then \
+    true; \
+  elif test -n '$(MAKE_VERSION)' && test -n '$(CURDIR)'; then \
+    true; \
+  else \
+    false; \
+  fi; \
+}
+am__make_running_with_option = \
+  case $${target_option-} in \
+      ?) ;; \
+      *) echo "am__make_running_with_option: internal error: invalid" \
+              "target option '$${target_option-}' specified" >&2; \
+         exit 1;; \
+  esac; \
+  has_opt=no; \
+  sane_makeflags=$$MAKEFLAGS; \
+  if $(am__is_gnu_make); then \
+    sane_makeflags=$$MFLAGS; \
+  else \
+    case $$MAKEFLAGS in \
+      *\\[\ \	]*) \
+        bs=\\; \
+        sane_makeflags=`printf '%s\n' "$$MAKEFLAGS" \
+          | sed "s/$$bs$$bs[$$bs $$bs	]*//g"`;; \
+    esac; \
+  fi; \
+  skip_next=no; \
+  strip_trailopt () \
+  { \
+    flg=`printf '%s\n' "$$flg" | sed "s/$$1.*$$//"`; \
+  }; \
+  for flg in $$sane_makeflags; do \
+    test $$skip_next = yes && { skip_next=no; continue; }; \
+    case $$flg in \
+      *=*|--*) continue;; \
+        -*I) strip_trailopt 'I'; skip_next=yes;; \
+      -*I?*) strip_trailopt 'I';; \
+        -*O) strip_trailopt 'O'; skip_next=yes;; \
+      -*O?*) strip_trailopt 'O';; \
+        -*l) strip_trailopt 'l'; skip_next=yes;; \
+      -*l?*) strip_trailopt 'l';; \
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diff --git a/man/uk/man1/chage.1 b/man/uk/man1/chage.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b35b7ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man1/chage.1
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chage
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди користувача
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "chage" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди користувача"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+chage \- зміна даних щодо завершення строку дії пароля користувача
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBchage\fR\ 'u
+\fBchage\fR [\fIпараметри\fR] \fIЗАПИС\fR
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBchage\fR
+змінює кількість днів між змінами паролів і дату останньої зміни пароля\&. Ці відомості використовує система для визначення того, коли користувач має змінювати пароль\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBchage\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-lastday\fR \fIОСТАННІЙ_ДЕНЬ\fR
+.RS 4
+Встановити кількість днів з 1 січня 1970 року, коли пароль було востаннє змінено\&. Дату може бути також вказано у форматі РРРР\-ММ\-ДД (або форматі, який поширений у вашій країні)\&. Якщо для
+\fIОСТАННІЙ_ДЕНЬ\fR
+встановлено значення
+\fI0\fR, користувачеві доведеться змінити пароль під час наступного входу до системи\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR \fIДАТА_ЗАВЕРШЕННЯ_СТРОКУ_ДІЇ\fR
+.RS 4
+Встановити дату або кількість днів з 1 січня 1970 року, коли слід заборонити доступ до облікового запису користувача\&. Дату може бути також вказано у форматі РРРР\-ММ\-ДД (або форматі, який поширений у вашій країні)\&. Користувач, чий обліковий запис заблоковано, має звернутися до адміністратора системи, перш ніж знову зможе користуватися системою\&.
+.sp
+Наприклад, наступною командою можна скористатися для встановлення строку дії облікового запису у 180 днів:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+chage \-E $(date \-d +180days +%Y\-%m\-%d)
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.sp
+Передавання числа
+\fI\-1\fR
+у полі
+\fIДАТА_ЗАВЕРШЕННЯ_СТРОКУ_ДІЇ\fR
+призведе до вилучення дати завершення строку дії облікового запису\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-iso8601\fR
+.RS 4
+При виведенні дат користуватися форматом РРРР\-ММ\-ДД\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR \fIНЕАКТИВНИЙ\fR
+.RS 4
+Встановити кількість днів неактивності після завершення строку дії пароля, перш ніж обліковий запис буде заблоковано\&. Значенням параметра
+\fIНЕАКТИВНИЙ\fR
+має бути кількість днів неактивності\&. Користувач, чий обліковий запис заблоковано, має звернутися до адміністратора системи, перш ніж знову зможе користуватися системою\&.
+.sp
+Передавання числа
+\fI\-1\fR
+у полі
+\fIНЕАКТИВНИЙ\fR
+призведе до вилучення неактивності облікового запису\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати відомості щодо застарівання облікового запису\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR \fIДНІ\fR
+.RS 4
+Встановити мінімальну кількість днів між змінами пароля
+\fIДНІ\fR\&. Нульове значення для цього поля вказує, що користувач може змінювати пароль будь\-коли\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR \fIМАКСИМАЛЬНО_ДНІВ\fR
+.RS 4
+Встановити максимальну кількість днів, протягом яких буде чинним пароль\&. Якщо
+\fIМАКСИМАЛЬНО_ДНІВ\fR
+разом із
+\fIОСТАННІЙ_ДЕНЬ\fR
+буде меншим за поточну дату, система проситиме користувача змінити пароль, перш ніж він зможе увійти до свого облікового запису\&. Цю подію можна наперед запланувати за допомогою параметра
+\fB\-W\fR, використання якого призведе до того, що система заздалегідь попереджуватиме користувача про потребу змінити пароль\&.
+.sp
+Передавання числа
+\fI\-1\fR
+у полі
+\fIМАКСИМАЛЬНО_ДНІВ\fR
+призведе до вилучення перевірки чинності паролів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR \fIДНІ\fR
+.RS 4
+Встановити кількість днів між попередженням про потребу у зміні пароля і завершенням строку дії пароля\&. Параметром
+\fIДНІ\fR
+є кількість днів до завершення строку дії пароля, коли система попереджуватиме користувача про те, що пароль невдовзі доведеться змінити\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Якщо не буде вказано жодного параметра,
+\fBchage\fR
+буде запущено в інтерактивному режимі \(em програма покаже користувачеві поточні значення для усіх полів\&. Введіть нове значення, щоб змінити поле або нічого не вводьте, щоб лишити поточне значення\&. Поточне значення буде взято у квадратні дужки (\fI[ ]\fR)\&.
+.SH "ЗАУВАЖЕННЯ"
+.PP
+Для роботи програми
+\fBchage\fR
+потрібна доступність файла прихованих паролів\&.
+.PP
+Програма chage повідомлятиме дані лише на основі файла паролів shadow\&. Таким чином, налаштування з інших джерел (наприклад, LDAP або порожнього поля хешу пароля з файла passwd), які впливають на вхід користувачів до системи, не буде показано у виведених chage даних\&.
+.PP
+Крім того, програма
+\fBchage\fR
+не повідомлятиме про несумісності у файлах shadow і passwd (наприклад, про те, що у файлі passwd немає якогось запису)\&. Для пошуку подібних несумісностей можна скористатися програмою
+\fBpwck\fR\&.
+.PP
+Користуватися командою
+\fBchage\fR
+може лише користувач root, окрім варіанта з параметром
+\fB\-l\fR, яким може скористатися непривілейований користувач для отримання даних щодо строку дії власного пароля або облікового запису\&.
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ЗНАЧЕННЯ ВИХОДУ"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBchage\fR
+завершує роботу із такими значеннями:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+успіх
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+відмовлено у доступі
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+некоректний синтаксис команди
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI15\fR
+.RS 4
+не вдалося знайти файл прихованих паролів
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man1/chfn.1 b/man/uk/man1/chfn.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e10ac2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man1/chfn.1
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chfn
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди користувача
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "chfn" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди користувача"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+chfn \- зміна справжнього імені користувача і відомостей щодо нього
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBchfn\fR\ 'u
+\fBchfn\fR [\fIпараметри\fR] [\fIЗАПИС\fR]
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBchfn\fR
+змінює повне ім\*(Aqя користувача, номер кімнати в офісі, номер телефону в офісі і дані щодо домашнього телефону для облікового запису користувача\&. Ці дані, зазвичай, виводить
+\fBfinger\fR(1)
+та подібні програми\&. Звичайні користувачі можуть змінювати значення полів лише для власного облікового запису, відповідно до обмежень у
+/etc/login\&.defs\&. (Типовими налаштуваннями користувачам заборонено змінювати власне повне ім\*(Aqя\&.) Надкористувач може змінювати будь\-яке поле будь\-якого облікового запису\&. Крім того, лише надкористувач може використовувати параметр
+\fB\-o\fR
+для зміни невизначених частин поля GECOS\&.
+.PP
+Ці поля не повинні містити двокрапок\&. Окрім поля
+\fIother\fR, у полях не повинно міститися ком та знаків рівності\&. Також рекомендуємо уникати символів поза US\-ASCII, втім, примусово це обмеження застосовується лише до номерів телефонів\&. Поле
+\fIother\fR
+використовують для зберігання облікових даних, які використовують інші програми\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBchfn\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-full\-name\fR \fIІМ\*(AqЯ_ПОВНІСТЮ\fR
+.RS 4
+Змінити повне ім\*(Aqя користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-home\-phone\fR \fIДОМАШНІЙ_ТЕЛЕФОН\fR
+.RS 4
+Змінити домашній телефон користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-other\fR \fIІНШЕ\fR
+.RS 4
+Змінити інші відомості GECOS користувача\&. Це поле використовують для зберігання облікових даних, які використовують інші програми, його вміст може змінювати надкористувач\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-room\fR \fIНОМЕР_КІМНАТИ\fR
+.RS 4
+Змінити номер кімнати користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-work\-phone\fR \fIРОБОЧИЙ_ТЕЛЕФОН\fR
+.RS 4
+Змінити робочий телефон користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Якщо не буде вказано жодного параметра,
+\fBchfn\fR
+буде запущено в інтерактивному режимі \(em програма покаже користувачеві поточні значення для усіх полів\&. Введіть нове значення, щоб змінити поле або нічого не вводьте, щоб лишити поточне значення\&. Поточне значення буде взято у квадратні дужки (\fB[ ]\fR)\&. Без параметрів
+\fBchfn\fR
+попросить вказати поточний обліковий запис користувача\&.\&.
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man1/chsh.1 b/man/uk/man1/chsh.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce8c3da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man1/chsh.1
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chsh
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди користувача
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "chsh" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди користувача"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+chsh \- зміна оболонки входу
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBchsh\fR\ 'u
+\fBchsh\fR [\fIпараметри\fR] [\fIЗАПИС\fR]
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBchsh\fR
+змінює оболонку входу користувача\&. Команда визначає назву початкової команди входу користувача\&. Звичайний користувач може змінювати оболонку входу лише для власного облікового запису; надкористувач може змінювати оболонку входу для будь\-якого облікового запису\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBchsh\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR \fIОБОЛОНКА\fR
+.RS 4
+Назва нової оболонки для входу користувача\&. Встановлення для цього поля порожнього значення призведе до того, що система вибере типову оболонку для входу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Якщо не буде вказано параметра
+\fB\-s\fR,
+\fBchsh\fR
+буде запущено в інтерактивному режимі \(em програма покаже користувачеві поточне значення для оболонки входу\&. Введіть нове значення, щоб змінити оболонку або нічого не вводьте, щоб лишити поточну\&. Поточну оболонку буде взято у квадратні дужки (\fI[ ]\fR)\&.
+.SH "ЗАУВАЖЕННЯ"
+.PP
+Єдиним обмеженням, яке накладають на оболонку входу є те, що назва команди має бути частиною списку у
+/etc/shells, якщо команду не викликано від імені надкористувача\&. Надкористувач може додавати будь\-яке значення\&. Власники облікових записів із обмеженою оболонкою для входу не може змінювати власну оболонку\&. З цієї причини не варто додавати
+/bin/rsh
+у
+/etc/shells, оскільки випадкова зміна обмеженої командної оболонки призведе до повної заборони для користувача змінювати оболонку входу та початкову\&.
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shells
+.RS 4
+Список чинних оболонок входу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man1/expiry.1 b/man/uk/man1/expiry.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f51a451
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man1/expiry.1
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: expiry
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди користувача
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "expiry" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди користувача"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+expiry \- перевірка і встановлення правил застарівання паролів
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBexpiry\fR\ 'u
+\fBexpiry\fR \fIпараметр\fR
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBexpiry\fR
+перевіряє (\fB\-c\fR) поточний пароль на застарівання і примушує до його зміни (\fB\-f\fR), якщо це потрібно\&. Команду можна викликати від імені звичайного користувача\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBexpiry\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR
+.RS 4
+Перевірити застарівання пароля для поточного користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+Примусити до зміни пароля, якщо строк дії пароля поточного користувача вичерпано\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/uk/man1/gpasswd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5094275
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man1/gpasswd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: gpasswd
+.\"    Author: Rafal Maszkowski
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди користувача
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "gpasswd" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди користувача"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+gpasswd \- адміністрування /etc/group і /etc/gshadow
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBgpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBgpasswd\fR [\fIпараметр\fR] \fIгрупа\fR
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команду
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+використовують для адміністрування
+/etc/group, and /etc/gshadow\&. У кожної групи може складатися з
+адміністраторів,
+учасників і мати пароль\&.
+.PP
+Адміністратори системи можуть скористатися параметром
+\fB\-A\fR
+для визначення адміністраторів групи і параметром
+\fB\-M\fR
+для визначення учасників\&. Вони мають усі права адміністраторів і учасників груп\&.
+.PP
+Виклик
+\fBgpasswd\fR, якщо його здійснює групи \(Foадміністратор групи\(Fc лише із назвою групи, призведе до запиту щодо нового пароля для групи
+\fIгрупа\fR\&.
+.PP
+Якщо пароль встановлено, учасники зможуть продовжити користуватися
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1)
+без пароля, а тим, хто не є учасником, доведеться вказати пароль\&.
+.SS "Нотатки щодо паролів груп"
+.PP
+Паролі груп мають неусувну проблему захисту, оскільки пароль знатимуть декілька осіб\&. Втім, групи є корисним інструментом для забезпечення взаємодії між різними користувачами\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Окрім параметрів
+\fB\-A\fR
+і
+\fB\-M\fR, параметри не можна поєднувати\&.
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBgpasswd\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR \fIкористувач\fR
+.RS 4
+Додати
+\fIкористувач\fR
+до іменованого
+\fIгрупа\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR \fIкористувач\fR
+.RS 4
+Вилучити
+\fIкористувач\fR
+з іменованого
+\fIгрупа\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\-password\fR
+.RS 4
+Вилучити пароль із вказаної за назвою групи
+\fIгрупа\fR\&. Пароль групи стане порожнім\&. Скористатися
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+для долучення до іменованої групи
+\fIгрупа\fR
+зможуть лише учасники групи\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-restrict\fR
+.RS 4
+Обмежити доступ до вказаної за назвою групи
+\fIгрупа\fR\&. Для пароля групи буде встановлено значення \(Fo!\(Fc\&. Скористатися
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+для долучення до іменованої групи
+\fIгрупа\fR
+зможуть лише учасники групи з паролем\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-administrators\fR \fIкористувач\fR,\&.\&.\&.
+.RS 4
+Встановити список адміністративних користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-members\fR \fIкористувач\fR,\&.\&.\&.
+.RS 4
+Встановити список учасників групи\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ЗАСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ"
+.PP
+Цей інструмент працює лише з файлами
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow files\&.
+Отже, за його допомогою ви не зможете внести зміни до груп NIS або LDAP\&. Зміни доведеться вносити на відповідному сервері\&.
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBгрупа\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man1/groups.1 b/man/uk/man1/groups.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac7d0d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man1/groups.1
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groups
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди користувача
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "groups" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди користувача"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+groups \- показ поточних назв груп
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBgroups\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroups\fR [\fIкористувач\fR]
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBgroups\fR
+виводить назви або значення ідентифікаторів поточних груп\&. Якщо у значення немає відповідного запису у
+/etc/group, значення буде виведено як числове значення групи\&. Використання необов\*(Aqязкового параметра
+\fIкористувач\fR
+призведе до показу груп іменованого користувача\&.
+.SH "ЗАУВАЖЕННЯ"
+.PP
+Для систем, у яких не передбачено підтримку додаткових груп (див\&.
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)) буде показано відомості з
+/etc/group\&. Користувач має скористатися
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+або
+\fBsg\fR
+для зміни його поточного справжнього і ефективного ідентифікатора групи\&.
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man1/id.1 b/man/uk/man1/id.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50baa95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man1/id.1
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: id
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди користувача
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "id" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди користувача"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+id \- display current user and group ID names
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBid\fR\ 'u
+\fBid\fR [\-a]
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+The
+\fBid\fR
+command displays the current real and effective user and group ID names or values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/passwd
+or
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed without the corresponding name\&. The optional
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag will display the group set on systems which support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3))\&.
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)
diff --git a/man/uk/man1/login.1 b/man/uk/man1/login.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01dd61e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man1/login.1
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди користувача
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "login" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди користувача"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+login \- розпочати сеанс у системі
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] [\fIкористувач\fR] [\fIСЕРЕДОВИЩЕ=ЗМІННА\fR...]
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] \-f \fIкористувач\fR
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] \-r\ \fIhost\fR
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Програму
+\fBlogin\fR
+призначено для встановлення нового сеансу роботи з системою\&. Зазвичай, її виклик відбувається автоматично у відповідь на запит
+\fIlogin:\fR
+у терміналі користувача\&.
+\fBlogin\fR
+може бути спеціалізованою для оболонки і непридатною до виклику у форматі підлеглого процесу\&. Якщо програму викликано з оболонки,
+\fBlogin\fR
+має бути виконано як
+\fBexec login\fR, що спричинить вихід користувача з поточної оболонки (і, таким чином, запобігатиме поверненню користувача, який увійшов до системи, до сеансу того, хто віддав команду)\&. Спроба виконати
+\fBlogin\fR
+з будь\-якої командної оболонки, окрім оболонки входу, призведе до виведення повідомлення про помилку\&.
+.PP
+Після цього, користувачеві, якщо це потрібно, буде запропоновано ввести пароль\&. Відтворення пароля на екрані буде вимкнено, щоб запобігти розкриттю пароля\&. Кількість спроб буде суттєво обмежено\&. При перевищенні граничної кількості спроб ввести пароль
+\fBlogin\fR
+завершить роботу і перерве зв\*(Aqязок для обміну даними\&.
+.PP
+Якщо для вашого облікового запису було увімкнено застарівання паролів, програма може попросити вас ввести новий пароль, перш ніж продовжити роботу\&. Вам доведеться ввести старий і новий пароль, перш ніж продовжити роботу\&. Будь ласка, зверніться до підручника з
+\fBpasswd\fR(1), щоб дізнатися більше\&.
+.PP
+Після успішного входу до системи вас буде проінформовано про усі повідомлення системи та наявність пошти\&. Ви можете вимкнути виведення даних до файла повідомлень системи,
+/etc/motd, створенням файла нульового розміру
+\&.hushlogin
+у вашому каталозі для входу\&. Повідомленням про пошту буде одне з таких повідомлень: \(Fo\fIВи отримали нову пошту\&.\fR\(Fc, \(Fo\fIДля вас є пошта\&.\fR\(Fc або \(Fo\fIПошти немає\&.\fR\(Fc, відповідно до стану вашої поштової скриньки\&.
+.PP
+Ваші ідентифікатори користувача і групи буде встановлено відповідно до значень у файлі
+/etc/passwd\&. Значення
+\fB$HOME\fR,
+\fB$SHELL\fR,
+\fB$PATH\fR,
+\fB$LOGNAME\fR
+і
+\fB$MAIL\fR
+буде встановлено відповідно до відповідних полів у записі пароля\&. Значення ulimit, umask і nice також може бути встановлено відповідно до записів у полі GECOS\&.
+.PP
+У деяких встановлених системах змінну середовища
+\fB$TERM\fR
+буде ініціалізовано значенням типу термінала у вашому рядку tty, як це вказано у
+/etc/ttytype\&.
+.PP
+Також може бути виконано скрипт ініціалізації для вашого інтерпретатора командного рядка\&. Будь ласка, зверніться до відповідного розділу підручника, щоб дізнатися більше про цю функціональну можливість\&.
+.PP
+Вхід до підсистеми буде позначено наявністю \(Fo*\(Fc як першого символу оболонки входу\&. Заданий домашній каталог буде використано як кореневий каталог нової файлової системи, до якої користувач насправді увійшов\&.
+.PP
+Програма
+\fBlogin\fR
+НЕ відповідає за вилучення записів користувачів з файла utmp\&. За чищення видимого власника сеансу термінала відповідають
+\fBgetty\fR(8)
+і
+\fBinit\fR(8)\&. Якщо ви користуєтеся
+\fBlogin\fR
+з запиту командної оболонки без
+\fBexec\fR, використаний вами обліковий запис користувача продовжуватиме \(Foпрацювати\(Fc у системі, навіть після того, як ви вийдете з \(Foпідлеглого сеансу\(Fc\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR
+.RS 4
+Не виконувати розпізнавання, користувача попередньо розпізнано\&.
+.sp
+Зауваження: у цьому випадку обов\*(Aqязковим є
+\fIкористувач\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR
+.RS 4
+Назва віддаленого вузла для цього входу до облікового запису\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR
+.RS 4
+Зберегти середовище\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR
+.RS 4
+Виконати протокол автоматичного входу для rlogin\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Параметри
+\fB\-r\fR,
+\fB\-h\fR
+і
+\fB\-f\fR
+використовують, лише якщо
+\fBlogin\fR
+викликано від імені користувача root\&.
+.SH "ЗАСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ"
+.PP
+У цієї версії
+\fBlogin\fR
+багато параметрів збирання\&. У певній збірці може бути використано лише частину з них\&.
+.PP
+Розташування файлів є різним у різних конфігураціях системи\&.
+.PP
+Програма
+\fBlogin\fR
+НЕ відповідає за вилучення записів користувачів з файла utmp\&. За чищення видимого власника сеансу термінала відповідають
+\fBgetty\fR(8)
+і
+\fBinit\fR(8)\&. Якщо ви користуєтеся
+\fBlogin\fR
+з запиту командної оболонки без
+\fBexec\fR, використаний вами обліковий запис користувача продовжуватиме \(Foпрацювати\(Fc у системі, навіть після того, як ви вийдете з \(Foпідлеглого сеансу\(Fc\&.
+.PP
+Як і з будь\-якою програмою, вигляд
+\fBlogin\fR
+може бути підроблено\&. Якщо до комп\*(Aqютера мають фізичний доступ сторонні користувачі, зловмисник може скористатися цим для отримання пароля наступного за ним користувача комп\*(Aqютера\&. У Linux користувачі можуть скористатися механізмом SAK для ініціалізації надійного шляху і запобігання атакам цього типу\&.
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/var/run/utmp
+.RS 4
+Список поточних сеансів входу до системи\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/var/log/wtmp
+.RS 4
+Список попередніх сеансів входу до системи\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/motd
+.RS 4
+Файл повідомлень дня системи\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/nologin
+.RS 4
+Запобігати спробам входу до системи користувачів, відмінних від root\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/ttytype
+.RS 4
+Список типів терміналів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+$HOME/\&.hushlogin
+.RS 4
+Придушити виведення системних повідомлень\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBmail\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnologin\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBsecuretty\fR(5),
+\fBgetty\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/uk/man1/newgrp.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d15737
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man1/newgrp.1
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newgrp
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди користувача
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "newgrp" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди користувача"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+newgrp \- увійти до нової групи
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBnewgrp\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewgrp\fR [\-] [\fIгрупа\fR]
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команду
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+призначено для зміни поточного ідентифікатора групи під час сеансу роботи у системі\&. Якщо вказано необов\*(Aqязковий прапорець
+\fB\-\fR, середовища користувача буде повторно ініціалізовано так, наче користувач знову увійшов до системи\&. Якщо прапорець не вказано, лишиться незмінним поточне середовища, включно із поточним робочим каталогом\&.
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+змінює поточний справжній ідентифікатор групи на ідентифікатор іменованої групи або ідентифікатор типової групи зі списку у
+/etc/passwd, якщо назву групи не вказано\&.
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+також намагається додати групу до набору груп користувача\&. Якщо команду віддано не від імені root, система попросить користувача ввести пароль, якщо у нього немає пароля (у
+/etc/shadow, якщо цей користувач має запис у файлі прихованих паролів, або у
+/etc/passwd, якщо це не так), а у групи є, або якщо користувача немає у списку учасників, а групу захищено паролем\&. Користувачеві буде відмовлено у доступі, якщо пароль групи є порожнім, а користувача немає у списку її учасників\&.
+.PP
+Якщо у цієї групи є запис у
+/etc/gshadow, список учасників і пароль до цієї групи буде взято з цього файла\&. Якщо запису немає, буде враховано запис у
+/etc/group\&.
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsg\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBгрупа\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man1/passwd.1 b/man/uk/man1/passwd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ccb811
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man1/passwd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: passwd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди користувача
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "passwd" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди користувача"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+passwd \- зміна пароля користувача
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBpasswd\fR [\fIпараметри\fR] [\fIЗАПИС\fR]
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBpasswd\fR
+змінює паролі до облікових записів користувачів\&. Звичайний користувач може змінювати пароль лише для власного облікового запису, а надкористувач може змінювати пароль для будь\-якого облікового запису\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR
+також змінює період чинності облікового запису або пов\*(Aqязаного з ним пароля\&.
+.SS "Зміни паролів"
+.PP
+Спочатку програма попросить користувача ввести старий пароль, якщо такий існує\&. Потім цей пароль буде зашифровано і порівняно із збереженим паролем\&. Користувачу буде надано лише одну спробу ввести правильний пароль\&. Надкористувач може обійти цей крок, тому може змінювати забуті паролі\&.
+.PP
+Після введення пароля буде перевірено дані щодо віку пароля, щоб визначити, чи може користувач змінювати пароль на поточний момент часу\&. Якщо користувач не може цього робити,
+\fBpasswd\fR
+відмовить у зміні пароля і завершить роботу\&.
+.PP
+Потім програма попросить користувача ввести пароль\-замінник двічі\&. Друге введене значення буде порівняно із першим \(em вони мають бути однаковими, щоб пароль було змінено\&.
+.PP
+Далі, пароль буде перевірено на складність\&. Загальним правилом є те, що пароль має складатися з від 6 до 8 символів, включаючи один або декілька символів з кожного з таких наборів:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+малі літери латинської абетки
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+цифри від 0 до 9
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+символи пунктуації
+.RE
+.PP
+До пароля не можна включати типові символи вилучення або витирання системи\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR
+не прийме пароля, який не є достатньо складним\&.
+.SS "Підказки для паролів користувача"
+.PP
+Захист пароля залежить від складності алгоритму шифрування та розміру простору ключів\&. Застарілий спосіб шифрування системи
+\fIUNIX\fR
+засновано на алгоритмі DES NBS\&. На сьогодні, рекомендують сучасніші методи (див\&.
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR)\&. Розмір простору ключів залежить від випадковості пароля, яку було вибрано\&.
+.PP
+Послаблення захисту паролями, зазвичай, є результатом необдуманого вибору пароля або поводження з ним\&. З цієї причини, не слід вибирати пароль зі словника або десь його записувати\&. Не слід також вибирати для пароля власне ім\*(Aqя, номер водійського посвідчення, дату народження або назву вулиці, на якій ви мешкаєте\&. Вибір будь\-якого з цих варіантів може призвести до вгадування пароля і компрометації захисту системи\&.
+.PP
+Поради щодо вибору надійного пароля можна знайти на сторінці https://uk\&.wikipedia\&.org/wiki/Надійність_пароля
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBpasswd\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+.RS 4
+Цим параметром можна скористатися лише у поєднанні із
+\fB\-S\fR\&. Його використання призведе до показу стану для усіх користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR
+.RS 4
+Вилучити пароль користувача (зробити його порожнім)\&. Це швидкий спосіб вимкнути пароль для облікового запису\&. Команда зробити іменований обліковий запис безпарольним\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expire\fR
+.RS 4
+Негайно завершити строк дії пароля облікового запису\&. Результатом є те, що система вимагатиме від користувача змінити пароль під час наступного входу до системи\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR \fIНЕАКТИВНИЙ\fR
+.RS 4
+Цей параметр використовують для вимикання облікового запису за вказану кількість днів після завершення строку дії пароля\&. Після того, як мине
+\fIНЕАКТИВНИЙ\fR
+днів з моменту завершення строку дії пароля, користувач не зможе увійти до облікового запису\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-tokens\fR
+.RS 4
+Вказати, що зміну пароля має бути виконано лише для жетонів (паролів) розпізнавання, строк дії яких вичерпано\&. Користувач бажає зберегти попередню дію жетонів, строк дії яких не вичерпано\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
+.RS 4
+Заблокувати пароль іменованого облікового запису\&. За допомогою цього параметра можна вимкнути пароль, змінивши його на значення, яке не відповідає зашифрованому значенню (буде додано \(aa!\(aa на початку пароля)\&.
+.sp
+Зауважте, що це не призведе до вимикання облікового запису\&. Користувач зможе входити до системи за допомогою іншого жетона розпізнавання (наприклад ключа SSH)\&. Щоб вимкнути обліковий запис, адміністраторам слід користуватися
+\fBusermod \-\-expiredate 1\fR
+(ця команда встановить для дати завершення строку дії облікового запису значення 2 січня 1970 року)\&.
+.sp
+Користувачі із заблокованим паролем не зможуть змінювати власний пароль\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR \fIДНІ\fR
+.RS 4
+Встановити мінімальну кількість днів між змінами пароля
+\fIДНІ\fR\&. Нульове значення для цього поля вказує, що користувач може змінювати пароль будь\-коли\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Режим без повідомлень\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repository\fR \fIСХОВИЩЕ\fR
+.RS 4
+змінити пароль у сховищі
+\fIСХОВИЩЕ\fR
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-status\fR
+.RS 4
+Вивести дані щодо стану облікового запису\&. Дані щодо стану складаються з 7 полів\&. Першим полем є назва облікового запису користувача\&. Друге поле вказує на те, чи є обліковий запис таким, для якого заблоковано пароль (L), немає пароля (NP) або має придатний до користування пароль (P)\&. Третє поле задає дату останньої зміни пароля\&. Наступними чотирма полями є мінімальний вік, максимальний вік, період попередження та період неактивності для пароля\&. Ці значення віку виражаються у днях\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
+.RS 4
+Розблокувати пароль для іменованого облікового запису\&. Цей параметр повторно вмикає пароль, замінюючи пароль на попереднє його значення (на значення до використання параметра
+\fB\-l\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR \fIДНІ\fR
+.RS 4
+Встановити кількість днів між попередженням про потребу у зміні пароля і завершенням строку дії пароля\&. Параметром
+\fIДНІ\fR
+є кількість днів до завершення строку дії пароля, коли система попереджуватиме користувача про те, що пароль невдовзі доведеться змінити\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR \fIМАКСИМАЛЬНО_ДНІВ\fR
+.RS 4
+Встановити максимальну кількість днів, протягом яких пароль лишатиметься чинним\&. Щойно мине
+\fIМАКСИМАЛЬНО_ДНІВ\fR, система вимагатиме від користувача змінити пароль\&.
+.sp
+Передавання числа
+\fI\-1\fR
+у полі
+\fIМАКСИМАЛЬНО_ДНІВ\fR
+призведе до вилучення перевірки чинності паролів\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ЗАСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ"
+.PP
+Перевірка складності пароля може бути різною у різних системах\&. Система вимагатиме вибрати пароль, який буде достатньо складним на думку її розробників\&.
+.PP
+Можливо, користувачі не зможуть змінити свій пароль у системі, якщо увімкнено NIS, і користувачі не увійшли до сервера NIS\&.
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ЗНАЧЕННЯ ВИХОДУ"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBpasswd\fR
+завершує роботу із такими значеннями:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+успіх
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+відмовлено у доступі
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+некоректне поєднання параметрів
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+неочікувана помилка, нічого не виконано
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+неочікувана помилка, не вистачає файла
+passwd
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+файл
+passwd
+зайнято, повторіть спробу
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+некоректний аргумент параметра
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBchpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man1/sg.1 b/man/uk/man1/sg.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4ca933
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man1/sg.1
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: sg
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди користувача
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "sg" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди користувача"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+sg \- виконання команди від імені іншого ідентифікатора групи
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBsg\fR\ 'u
+\fBsg\fR [\-] [група\ [\-c]\ команда]
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBsg\fR
+працює подібно до команди
+\fBnewgrp\fR, але приймає команду\&. Цю команду буде виконано за допомогою оболонки
+/bin/sh\&. У більшості оболонок, з яких ви можете запустити
+\fBsg\fR, вам доведеться брати багатослівні команди у лапки\&. Іншою відмінністю між
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+і
+\fBsg\fR
+є те, що деякі оболонки обробляють
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+по\-особливому, замінюючи себе новим екземпляром оболонки, який створює
+\fBnewgrp\fR\&. Такого не трапляється з
+\fBsg\fR\&. Отже, після виходу з команди
+\fBsg\fR
+ви повернетеся до вашого попереднього ідентифікатора групи\&.
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBгрупа\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man1/su.1 b/man/uk/man1/su.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd6a061
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man1/su.1
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: su
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди користувача
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "su" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди користувача"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+su \- зміна ідентифікатора користувача або набуття прав надкористувача
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBsu\fR\ 'u
+\fBsu\fR [\fIпараметри\fR] [\fI\-\fR] [\fIкористувач\fR\ [\ \fIаргументи\fR\ ]]
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команду
+\fBsu\fR
+використовують для набуття прав іншого користувача під час робочого сеансу у системі\&. Якщо команду викликано без
+\fBкористувач\fR,
+\fBsu\fR, типово, надає доступ до облікового запису надкористувача\&. Параметром
+\fB\-\fR
+можна скористатися для забезпечення середовища, подібного до того, яке б мав отримати користувач, який увійшов до системи безпосередньо\&. Параметром
+\fB\-c\fR
+можна скористатися для того, щоб більшість командних оболонок вважали наступний аргумент командою\&.
+.PP
+Параметри буде розпізнано усюди у списку аргументів\&. Ви можете скористатися аргументом
+\fB\-\-\fR, щоб припинити обробку аргументів\&. Параметр
+\fB\-\fR
+є особливим: програма розпізнає його також після
+\fB\-\-\fR, але його слід розташувати перед
+\fBкористувач\fR\&.
+.PP
+Програма попросить користувача ввести пароль, якщо у цьому є потреба\&. Введення некоректного пароля призведе до виведення повідомлення про помилку\&. Усі спроби, коректні і некоректні, буде записано до журналу для виявлення спроб зловмисників проникнути у систему\&.
+.PP
+Поточне середовище буде передано новій оболонці\&. Значення
+\fB$PATH\fR
+буде скинуто до
+/bin:/usr/bin
+для звичайних користувачів або
+/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
+для надкористувача\&. Це значення можна змінити за допомогою визначень
+\fBENV_PATH\fR
+і
+\fBENV_SUPATH\fR
+у
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.PP
+Вхід до підсистеми буде позначено наявністю \(Fo*\(Fc як першого символу оболонки входу\&. Заданий домашній каталог буде використано як кореневий каталог нової файлової системи, до якої користувач насправді увійшов\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBsu\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR \fIКОМАНДА\fR
+.RS 4
+Вказати команду, яку буде викликано командною оболонкою за допомогою її
+\fB\-c\fR\&.
+.sp
+У виконаної команди не буде керівного термінала\&. Цей параметр не можна використовувати для виконання інтерактивних програм, яким потрібне для керування термінал\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-\fR, \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR
+.RS 4
+Надає середовище, яке є подібним до середовища, яке мав би отримати користувач після безпосереднього входу до системи\&.
+.sp
+Якщо використано параметр
+\fB\-\fR, його має бути вказано перед будь\-яким
+\fBкористувач\fR\&. З міркувань сумісності рекомендуємо використовувати його як останній параметр, до
+\fBкористувач\fR\&. Для інших форм (\fB\-l\fR
+і
+\fB\-\-login\fR) цього обмеження не передбачено\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR \fIОБОЛОНКА\fR
+.RS 4
+Оболонка, яку буде викликано\&.
+.sp
+Викликану оболонку буде вибрано з таких варіантів (варіанти із вищим пріоритетом наведено першими):
+.PP
+.RS 4
+Командна оболонка, яку вказано за допомогою \-\-shell\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+Якщо використано параметр
+\fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR, оболонка, яку вказано за допомогою змінної середовища
+\fB$SHELL\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+Оболонки, на яку вказує запис
+/etc/passwd
+для вибраного користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+/bin/sh, якщо оболонку не вдасться знайти у жоден із вказаних вище способів\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+Якщо командну оболонку вказаного користувача обмежено (тобто вмісту поля оболонки запису цього користувача у
+/etc/passwd
+немає у списку
+/etc/shells), параметр
+\fB\-\-shell\fR
+та змінну середовища
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+не буде взято до уваги, якщо
+\fBsu\fR
+не викликано від імені користувача root\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
+.RS 4
+Зберегти поточне середовище, окрім
+.PP
+\fB$PATH\fR
+.RS 4
+відновлено початкове значення за параметром
+/etc/login\&.defs
+\fBENV_PATH\fR
+або
+\fBENV_SUPATH\fR
+(див\&. нижче);
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB$IFS\fR
+.RS 4
+відновлено до значення
+\(Fo<space><tab><newline>\(Fc, якщо було встановлено інше значення\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+Якщо у користувача призначення командну оболонку обмежено, цей параметр ні на що не вплине (якщо
+\fBsu\fR
+не викликано від імені користувача root)\&.
+.sp
+Зауважте, що типовою поведінкою для середовища є така:
+.PP
+.RS 4
+Буде відновлено початкові значення змінних середовища
+\fB$HOME\fR,
+\fB$SHELL\fR,
+\fB$USER\fR,
+\fB$LOGNAME\fR,
+\fB$PATH\fR
+і
+\fB$IFS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+Якщо не використано
+\fB\-\-login\fR, середовище буде скопійовано, окрім вказаних вище змінних\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+Якщо використано
+\fB\-\-login\fR, змінні середовища
+\fB$TERM\fR,
+\fB$COLORTERM\fR,
+\fB$DISPLAY\fR
+і
+\fB$XAUTHORITY\fR
+буде скопійовано, якщо було встановлено їхні значення\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+Якщо використано
+\fB\-\-login\fR, значення змінних середовища
+\fB$TZ\fR,
+\fB$HZ\fR
+і
+\fB$MAIL\fR
+буде встановлено за параметрами
+/etc/login\&.defs
+\fBENV_TZ\fR,
+\fBENV_HZ\fR,
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
+і
+\fBMAIL_FILE\fR
+(див\&. нижче)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+Якщо використано
+\fB\-\-login\fR, значення для інших змінних середовища можна встановити за допомогою файла
+\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR
+(див\&. нижче)\&.
+.RE
+.RE
+.SH "ЗАСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ"
+.PP
+У цієї версії
+\fBsu\fR
+багато параметрів збирання\&. У певній збірці може бути використано лише частину з них\&.
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ЗНАЧЕННЯ ВИХОДУ"
+.PP
+Якщо виконано успішно,
+\fBsu\fR
+повертає значення виходу виконаної команди\&.
+.PP
+Якщо цю команду перервано сигналом,
+\fBsu\fR
+повертає номер цього сигналу плюс 128\&.
+.PP
+Якщо su довелося перервати виконання команди (оскільки було надіслано команду щодо переривання роботи, але команда не перервала роботу вчасно),
+\fBsu\fR
+поверне 255\&.
+.PP
+Деякі значення виходу з
+\fBsu\fR
+є незалежними від виконаної команди:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+успіх (лише
+\fB\-\-help\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+Помилка системи або розпізнавання
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI126\fR
+.RS 4
+Потрібну команду не знайдено
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI127\fR
+.RS 4
+Потрібну команду не вдалося виконати
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBsg\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man3/getspnam.3 b/man/uk/man3/getspnam.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd473da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man3/getspnam.3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man3/shadow.3
diff --git a/man/uk/man3/shadow.3 b/man/uk/man3/shadow.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cb5513
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man3/shadow.3
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: shadow
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Виклики бібліотеки
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "shadow" "3" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Виклики бібліотеки"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+shadow, getspnam \- підпрограми для файла зашифрованих паролів
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.PP
+\fI#include <shadow\&.h>\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *getspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *getspnam(char\fR
+\fI*name\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIvoid setspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIvoid endspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *fgetspent(FILE\fR
+\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *sgetspent(char\fR
+\fI*cp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIint putspent(struct spwd\fR
+\fI*p,\fR
+\fIФАЙЛ\fR
+\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIint lckpwdf();\fR
+.PP
+\fIint ulckpwdf();\fR
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+\fIshadow\fR
+керує вмістом файла прихованих паролів,
+/etc/shadow\&. Структура файла
+\fI#include\fR:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct spwd { char *sp_namp; /* ім\*(Aqя користувача для входу */ char *sp_pwdp; /* зашифрований пароль */ long int sp_lstchg; /* остання зміна пароля */ long int sp_min; /* дні, протягом яких можлива зміна пароля\&. */ long int sp_max; /* дні до вимоги зміни пароля */ long int sp_warn; /* дні для попередження щодо завершення строку дії */ long int sp_inact; /* дні до неактивності облікового запису */ long int sp_expire; /* дата, коли завершиться строк дії облікового запису */ unsigned long int sp_flag; /* зарезервовано для використання у майбутньому */ }
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Призначення кожного з полів:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_namp \- вказівник на ім\*(Aqя користувача із кінцевим нуль\-символом
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_pwdp \- вказівник на пароль із кінцевим нуль\-символом
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_lstchg \- час у днях з 1 січня 1970 року, коли пароль було востаннє змінено
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_min \- кількість днів з останньої зміни, коли пароль не може бути змінено
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_max \- кількість днів з останньої зміни, після яких пароль має бути змінено
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_warn \- дні від моменту, коли строк дії пароля буде вичерпано, коли користувач отримуватиме попередження щодо майбутнього завершення строку дії пароля
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_inact \- кількість днів між завершенням строку дії і вимиканням облікового запису
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_expire \- кількість днів з 1 січня 1970 року, яка визначає момент вимикання облікового запису
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_flag \- зарезервовано для використання у майбутньому
+.RE
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+\fIgetspent\fR,
+\fIgetspname\fR,
+\fIfgetspent\fR
+і
+\fIsgetspent\fR
+усі повертають вказівник на
+\fIstruct spwd\fR\&.
+\fIgetspent\fR
+повертає наступний запис з файла, а
+\fIfgetspent\fR
+повертає наступний запис з заданого потоку даних, яким має бути файл у належному форматі\&.
+\fIsgetspent\fR
+повертає вказівник на
+\fIstruct spwd\fR, використовуючи вхідні дані з наданого рядок\&.
+\fIgetspnam\fR
+шукає з поточної позиції у файлів запис, що відповідає рядку
+\fIname\fR\&.
+.PP
+\fIsetspent\fR
+і
+\fIendspent\fR
+можна скористатися для того, щоб відкрити або закрити, відповідно, доступ до файла прихованих паролів\&.
+.PP
+Підпрограмами
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+і
+\fIulckpwdf\fR
+слід користуватися для забезпечення виключного доступу до файла
+/etc/shadow\&.
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+намагається отримати блокування за допомогою
+\fIpw_lock\fR
+протягом періоду до 15 секунд\&. Підпрограма продовжує спроби отримати друге блокування
+\fIspw_lock\fR
+за решту початкових 15 секунд\&. Якщо протягом загального періоду у 15 секунд спроби завершаться невдачею,
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+повертає \-1\&. Якщо вдасться отримати обидва блокування, буде повернуто 0\&.
+.SH "ДІАГНОСТИКА"
+.PP
+Підпрограми повертають NULL, якщо не залишилося доступних записів або якщо станеться помилка під час обробки даних\&. Підпрограми, які повертають значення типу
+\fIint\fR, повертають 0, якщо підпрограму виконано успішно, і \-1, якщо виконання підпрограми завершилося помилкою\&.
+.SH "ЗАСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ"
+.PP
+Цими підпрограмами може користуватися лише надкористувач, оскільки доступ до файла прихованих паролів обмежено\&.
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBgetpwent\fR(3),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man5/faillog.5 b/man/uk/man5/faillog.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f88747f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man5/faillog.5
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Формати файлів і файли налаштувань
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "faillog" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Формати файлів і файли налашту"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+faillog \- файл журналу невдалих спроб увійти до системи
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+зберігає кількість помилок під час входу і обмеження для кожного з облікових записів\&.
+.PP
+У файлі містяться записи фіксованої довжини, індексовані за числовим UID\&. Кожен запис містить кількість помилок при вході з моменту останнього успішного входу до системи; максимальну кількість помилок до вимикання облікового запису; рядок, на якому сталася помилка під час останньої спроби увійти до системи; дату останньої помилки під час спроби увійти до системи та період часу (у секундах), протягом якого обліковий запис буде заблоковано після помилки\&.
+.PP
+Структура файла:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct faillog { short fail_cnt; short fail_max; char fail_line[12]; time_t fail_time; long fail_locktime; };
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+Файл журналу помилок\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR(8)
diff --git a/man/uk/man5/gshadow.5 b/man/uk/man5/gshadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2a5f25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man5/gshadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: gshadow
+.\"    Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Формати файлів і файли налаштувань
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "gshadow" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Формати файлів і файли налашту"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+gshadow \- файл зашифрованих груп
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+містить зашифровані відомості щодо облікових записів груп\&.
+.PP
+Цей файл має бути недоступним для читання звичайними користувачами, якщо ви хочете підтримувати захист паролів\&.
+.PP
+У кожному рядку цього файла містяться такі відокремлені двокрапками поля:
+.PP
+\fBназва групи\fR
+.RS 4
+Це має бути коректна назва групи, яка існує у системі\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBшифрований пароль\fR
+.RS 4
+Зверніться до
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), щоб дізнатися більше про те, як буде оброблено цей рядок\&.
+.sp
+Якщо у полі пароля міститься якийсь рядок, який не є коректним результатом виконання
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), наприклад, ! або *, користувачі не зможуть скористатися паролем unix для доступу до групи (але учасники групи пароля не потребуватимуть)\&.
+.sp
+Пароль використовуватиметься, коли користувач, який не є учасником групи, захоче отримати права доступу до цієї групи (див\&.
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1))\&.
+.sp
+Це поле може бути порожнім\&. Якщо поле є порожнім, лише учасники групи зможуть отримувати права доступу групи\&.
+.sp
+Поле пароля, яке починається зі знаку оклику, означає, що пароль заблоковано\&. Решта символів у рядку є вмістом поля пароля до того, як пароль було заблоковано\&.
+.sp
+Цей пароль має пріоритет над будь\-яким паролем, який вказано у
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBадміністратори\fR
+.RS 4
+Це має бути список відокремлених комами імен користувачів\&.
+.sp
+Адміністратори можуть змінювати пароль або учасників групи\&.
+.sp
+Також адміністратори мають ті самі права доступу, що і учасники (див\&. нижче)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBучасники\fR
+.RS 4
+Це має бути список відокремлених комами імен користувачів\&.
+.sp
+Учасники можуть отримувати доступ до групи без надсилання запиту щодо пароля\&.
+.sp
+Вам слід використовувати той самий список користувачів, що і у
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBгрупа\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBgrpconv\fR(8),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man5/login.access.5 b/man/uk/man5/login.access.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6526549
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man5/login.access.5
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login.access
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Формати файлів і файли налаштувань
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "login\&.access" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Формати файлів і файли налашту"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+login.access \- таблиця керування доступом до входу до системи
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+У файлі
+\fIlogin\&.access\fR
+задають комбінації (користувач, вузол) і/або (користувач, термінал), для яких вхід до системи буде прийнятним або забороненим\&.
+.PP
+Коли хтось входить до системи, система виконує сканування
+\fIlogin\&.access\fR
+на перший запис, який відповідає комбінації (користувач, вузол), або, у випадку позамережевих входів, перший запис, який відповідає комбінації (користувач, термінал)\&. Поле прав доступу у записі цієї таблиці визначає, буде вхід прийнято чи заборонено\&.
+.PP
+Кожен рядок таблиці керування доступом до входу до системи містить три поля, які відокремлено символом \(Fo:\(Fc:
+.PP
+\fIправа доступу\fR:\fIкористувачі\fR:\fIorigins\fR
+.PP
+Першим полем має бути символ \(Fo\fI+\fR\(Fc (доступ надано) або \(Fo\fI\-\fR\(Fc (доступ заборонено)\&. У другому полі має бути список одного або декількох назв облікових записів, назв груп або
+\fIALL\fR
+(універсальний відповідник)\&. У третьому полі має бути список одного або декількох терміналів (для немережевих входів), назв вузлів, назв доменів (починаються з \(Fo\&.\(Fc), адрес вузлів, мережевих чисел інтернету (завершуються \(Fo\&.\(Fc),
+\fIALL\fR
+(універсальний відповідник) або
+\fILOCAL\fR
+(відповідник будь\-якого рядка, який не містить символу \(Fo\&.\(Fc)\&. Якщо ви працюєте з NIS ви можете скористатися @netgroupname у взірцях вузла або користувача\&.
+.PP
+Оператор
+\fIEXCEPT\fR
+уможливлює написання дуже компактних правил\&.
+.PP
+Пошук у файлі груп відбуватиметься, лише якщо ім\*(Aqя не збігатиметься із іменем користувача, що увійшов до системи\&. Відповідними вважатимуться лише ті групи, користувачів яких вказано явно: програма не шукатиме у значення ідентифікаторів основної групи користувача\&.
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man5/login.defs.5 b/man/uk/man5/login.defs.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b265cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man5/login.defs.5
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login.defs
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Формати файлів і файли налаштувань
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "login\&.defs" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Формати файлів і файли налашту"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+login.defs \- Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Файл
+/etc/login\&.defs
+визначає специфічні для системи налаштування для комплексу керування паролями shadow\&. Цей файл є необхідним\&. Якщо цього файла не завадить працездатності системи, але, ймовірно, призведе до небажаних наслідків\&.
+.PP
+Цей файл є придатним до читання текстовим файлом, кожен з рядків якого описує один параметр налаштувань\&. Рядки складаються з назви налаштування та значення, які відокремлено пробілом\&. Порожні рядки і рядки коментарів буде проігноровано\&. Коментарі позначають символом \(Fo#\(Fc, цей символ має бути першим непробільним символом рядка\&.
+.PP
+Значення параметрів мають належати до чотирьох типів: рядки, булеві значення, числа та числа з подвійною точністю\&. Рядок складається з будь\-яких друкованих символів\&. Булеве значення має бути одним з двох:
+\fIтак\fR
+або
+\fIno\fR\&. Невизначеному булевому параметру або булевому параметру, значенням якого не є одне з цих двох значень, буде надано значення
+\fIno\fR\&. Числа (звичайні і з подвійною точністю) можуть бути десятковими, вісімковими (їхні записи починаються з
+\fI0\fR) або шістнадцятковими (їхні записи починаються з
+\fI0x\fR)\&. Максимальне значення звичайного числового параметра або числового параметра з подвійною точністю визначається характеристиками системи\&.
+.PP
+У ваше розпорядження надано такі пункти налаштувань:
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR,
+\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR
+і
+\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR
+буде використано лише у момент створення облікового запису\&. Будь\-які зміни у цих параметрах не вплинуть на наявні облікові записи\&.
+.SH "ПЕРЕХРЕСНІ ПОСИЛАННЯ"
+.PP
+Наведені нижче посилання показують, які програми комплексу для роботи з паролями shadow використовують відповідні параметри\&.
+.PP
+chfn
+.RS 4
+CHFN_AUTH
+CHFN_RESTRICT
+LOGIN_STRING
+.RE
+.PP
+chgpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+chpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+chsh
+.RS 4
+CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING
+.RE
+.PP
+gpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+groupadd
+.RS 4
+GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN
+.RE
+.PP
+groupdel
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+groupmems
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+groupmod
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpck
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpconv
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpunconv
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+lastlog
+.RS 4
+LASTLOG_UID_MAX
+.RE
+.PP
+login
+.RS 4
+CONSOLE
+CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
+ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE
+ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY
+FAILLOG_ENAB
+FAKE_SHELL
+FTMP_FILE
+HUSHLOGIN_FILE
+ISSUE_FILE
+KILLCHAR
+LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX
+LOGIN_RETRIES
+LOGIN_STRING
+LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB
+MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB
+TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE
+ULIMIT UMASK
+USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+newgrp / sg
+.RS 4
+SYSLOG_SG_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+newusers
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK
+.RE
+.PP
+passwd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+pwck
+.RS 4
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+.RE
+.PP
+pwconv
+.RS 4
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+.RE
+.PP
+su
+.RS 4
+CONSOLE
+CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
+ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE
+ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH
+ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB
+SULOG_FILE SU_NAME
+SU_WHEEL_ONLY
+SYSLOG_SU_ENAB
+USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+sulogin
+.RS 4
+ENV_HZ
+ENV_TZ
+.RE
+.PP
+useradd
+.RS 4
+CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK
+.RE
+.PP
+userdel
+.RS 4
+MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+usermod
+.RS 4
+LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBpam\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man5/passwd.5 b/man/uk/man5/passwd.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82fa63b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man5/passwd.5
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: passwd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Формати файлів і файли налаштувань
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "passwd" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Формати файлів і файли налашту"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+passwd \- файл паролів
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+містить по одному рядку для кожного з облікових записів користувача із сімома полями, які відокремлено двокрапками (\(Fo:\(Fc)\&. Цими полями є такі:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+ім\*(Aqя користувача
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+необов\*(Aqязковий шифрований пароль
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+числовий ідентифікатор користувача
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+числовий ідентифікатор групи
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+поле імені користувача або коментаря
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+домашній каталог користувача
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+необов\*(Aqязковий інтерпретатор команд користувача
+.RE
+.PP
+Якщо у полі
+\fIпароль\fR
+міститься
+\(Fox\(Fc
+у нижньому регістрі, зашифрований пароль насправді зберігається у файлі
+\fBshadow\fR(5);
+\fIмає\fR
+бути відповідний рядок у файлі
+/etc/shadow, інакше обліковий запис користувача буде некоректним\&.
+.PP
+Поле, у якому зберігається зашифрований
+\fIпароль\fR, може бути порожнім\&. Якщо пароль є порожнім, для розпізнавання за вказаним іменем користувача не потрібен буде пароль\&. Втім, деякі програми, які читають дані з файла
+/etc/passwd, можуть взагалі вирішити не дозволити
+\fIдовільний\fR
+доступ, якщо поле
+\fIпароль\fR
+є порожнім\&.
+.PP
+Поле
+\fIпароль\fR, яке починається зі знаку оклику, означає, що пароль заблоковано\&. Решта символів у рядку є вмістом поля
+\fIпароль\fR
+до того, як пароль було заблоковано\&.
+.PP
+Зверніться до
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), щоб дізнатися більше про те, як буде оброблено цей рядок\&.
+.PP
+Якщо у полі пароля міститься якийсь рядок, який не є коректним результатом виконання
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), наприклад, ! або *, користувач не зможе скористатися паролем unix для входу до облікового запису (але користувач зможе увійти до системи в інший спосіб)\&.
+.PP
+Поле коментаря, також відоме як поле gecos, використовують різноманітні загальносистемні інструменти, зокрема
+\fBfinger\fR(1)\&. Амперсанд у цьому полі буде замінено записаним великим літерами іменем користувача, коли поле буде використано або показано у таких загальносистемних інструментах\&.
+.PP
+Поле домашнього каталогу задає назву початкового робочого каталогу\&. Програма
+\fBlogin\fR
+використовує ці дані для встановлення значення змінної середовища
+\fB$HOME\fR\&.
+.PP
+Поле інтерпретатора команд задає назву командного інтерпретатора мови програмування користувача або назву початкової програми для виконання\&. Програма
+\fBlogin\fR
+використовує ці дані для встановлення значення змінної середовища
+\fB$SHELL\fR\&. Якщо значення у цьому полі є порожнім, типовим його значенням буде значення
+/bin/sh\&.
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+необов\*(Aqязковий файл шифрованих паролів
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd\-
+.RS 4
+Резервна копію файла /etc/passwd\&.
+.sp
+Зауважте, що цей файл буде використано інструментами комплексу засобів shadow, але не усіма засобами керування записами користувачів і паролями\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgetent\fR(1),
+\fBgetpwnam\fR(3),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBpwconv\fR(8),
+\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man5/porttime.5 b/man/uk/man5/porttime.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf74916
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man5/porttime.5
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: porttime
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Формати файлів і файли налаштувань
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "porttime" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Формати файлів і файли налашту"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+porttime \- файл часу доступу до портів
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+\fIporttime\fR
+містить список пристроїв терміналів, імен користувачів та даних щодо дозволеного часу входу до системи\&.
+.PP
+Кожен запис складається з трьох відокремлених двокрапками полів\&. Перше поле є списком відокремлених комами пристроїв tty або зірочкою на позначення, що цьому запису відповідають усі пристрої tty\&. Друге поле є списком відокремлених комами імен користувачів або зірочкою на позначення, що цьому запису відповідають усі імена користувачів\&. Третє поле є списком відокремлених комами дозволених часів доступу\&.
+.PP
+Кожен запис часу доступу складається з нуля або більшої кількості скорочених записів днів тижня:
+\fISu\fR,
+\fIMo\fR,
+\fITu\fR,
+\fIWe\fR,
+\fITh\fR,
+\fIFr\fR
+і
+\fISa\fR, після яких вказано проміжок часу з двох значень, які відокремлено дефісом\&. Можна скористатися скороченням
+\fIWk\fR
+для позначення часу від понеділка до п\*(Aqятниці і скороченням
+\fIAl\fR
+для позначення будь\-якого дня\&. Якщо дні не вказано, буде використано
+\fIAl\fR\&.
+.SH "ПРИКЛАДИ"
+.PP
+Вказаний нижче запис дозволяє доступ до користувача
+\fBjfh\fR
+на будь\-якому порту протягом робочого тижня з 9 ранку до 5 вечора\&.
+.PP
+*:jfh:Wk0900\-1700
+.PP
+Вказані нижче записи дозволяють доступ лише до користувачів
+\fIroot\fR
+і
+\fIoper\fR
+на
+/dev/console
+будь\-коли\&. Цей приклад ілюструє спосіб, у який файл
+/etc/porttime
+є упорядкованим списком часів доступу\&. Другому запису відповідає будь\-який інший користувач, якому буде заборонено доступ будь\-коли\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+console:root,oper:Al0000\-2400 console:*:
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Наведений нижче запис дозволяє доступ для користувача
+\fIgames\fR
+до будь\-якого порту у неробочий час\&.
+.PP
+*:games:Wk1700\-0900,SaSu0000\-2400
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+Файл, у якому містяться дані доступу до портів\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man5/shadow.5 b/man/uk/man5/shadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5715fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man5/shadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: shadow
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Формати файлів і файли налаштувань
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "shadow" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Формати файлів і файли налашту"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+shadow \- файли прихованих паролів
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+shadow
+є файлом, який містить дані паролів для облікових записів системи і необов\*(Aqязкові дані щодо застарівання\&.
+.PP
+Цей файл має бути недоступним для читання звичайними користувачами, якщо ви хочете підтримувати захист паролів\&.
+.PP
+У кожному рядку файла міститься 9 полів, дані яких відокремлено двокрапками (\(Fo:\(Fc), у такому порядку:
+.PP
+\fBім\*(Aqя користувача\fR
+.RS 4
+Це має бути коректна назва облікового запису, яка існує у системі\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBшифрований пароль\fR
+.RS 4
+Це поле може бути порожнім\&. Якщо поле порожнє, для розпізнавання за вказаним іменем користувача не потрібен буде пароль\&. Втім, деякі програми, які читають дані з файла
+/etc/shadow, можуть взагалі вирішити не дозволити будь\-який доступ, якщо поле пароля є порожнім\&.
+.sp
+Поле пароля, яке починається зі знаку оклику, означає, що пароль заблоковано\&. Решта символів у рядку є вмістом поля пароля до того, як пароль було заблоковано\&.
+.sp
+Зверніться до
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), щоб дізнатися більше про те, як буде оброблено цей рядок\&.
+.sp
+Якщо у полі пароля міститься якийсь рядок, який не є коректним результатом виконання
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), наприклад, ! або *, користувач не зможе скористатися паролем unix для входу до облікового запису (але користувач зможе увійти до системи в інший спосіб)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBдата останньої зміни пароля\fR
+.RS 4
+Дата останньої зміни пароля, яку вказано у кількості днів з моменту 1 січня 1970 року 00:00 UTC\&.
+.sp
+Значення 0 має особливе призначення \(em користувач має змінити пароль під час наступної спроби увійти до системи\&.
+.sp
+Якщо поле є порожнім, можливості застарівання паролів буде вимкнено\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBмінімальний вік пароля\fR
+.RS 4
+Мінімальний вік пароля є кількістю днів з моменту останньої зміни пароля, протягом яких користувачеві буде заборонено змінювати пароль\&.
+.sp
+Порожнє значення або значення 0 означають, що мінімальний вік пароля не використовуватиметься\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBмаксимальний вік пароля\fR
+.RS 4
+Максимальний вік пароля є кількістю днів з моменту останньої зміни пароля, по завершенню яких користувачеві доведеться змінити пароль\&.
+.sp
+Після завершення строку дії пароль може лишатися чинним\&. Система попросить користувача змінити пароль під час наступного після завершення строку дії входу до системи\&.
+.sp
+Порожнє значення поля означатиме, що максимальний вік пароля не визначатиметься, не буде попередження щодо завершення строку дії і не буде періоду вимикання пароля (див\&. нижче)\&.
+.sp
+Якщо максимальний вік пароля є меншим за мінімальний вік пароля, користувач не зможе змінити пароль\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBперіод попередження щодо пароля\fR
+.RS 4
+Кількість днів до моменту завершення строку дії пароля (див\&. максимальний вік пароля вище), коли користувача має бути попереджено про завершення строку дії пароля\&.
+.sp
+Порожнє значення або значення 0 означають, що не буде періоду попередження щодо завершення строку дії пароля\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBперіод неактивності пароля\fR
+.RS 4
+Кількість днів з моменту завершення строку дії пароля (див\&. максимальний вік пароля вище), протягом яких пароль лишатиметься прийнятним (і користувач зможе оновити пароль під час наступного входу до системи)\&.
+.sp
+Після завершення строку дії пароля і цього періоду лояльності користувач не зможе увійти до системи\&. Для входу до системи користувачеві доведеться звернутися до адміністратора\&.
+.sp
+Порожнє значення поля означає, що не буде примусового періоду неактивності\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBдата прострочення облікового запису\fR
+.RS 4
+Дата завершення строку дії облікового запису, яку вказано у кількості днів з моменту 1 січня 1970 року 00:00 UTC\&.
+.sp
+Зауважте, що строк дії облікового запису не обов\*(Aqязково збігається із строком дії пароля\&. Якщо завершиться строк дії облікового запису, користувач не зможе увійти до системи\&. Якщо ж завершиться строк дії пароля, користувач не зможе увійти до системи, використовуючи цей пароль\&.
+.sp
+Порожнє значення означатиме, що строк дії облікового запису ніколи не завершиться\&.
+.sp
+Не слід використовувати значення 0, оскільки його можна вважати вказівкою на те, що або у облікового запису немає завершення строку дії, або як те, що строк дії облікового запису завершився 1 січня 1970 року\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBзарезервоване поле\fR
+.RS 4
+Це поле зарезервовано для використання у майбутньому\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-
+.RS 4
+Файл резервної копії для /etc/shadow\&.
+.sp
+Зауважте, що цей файл буде використано інструментами комплексу засобів shadow, але не усіма засобами керування записами користувачів і паролями\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBchage\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBpwconv\fR(8),
+\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man5/suauth.5 b/man/uk/man5/suauth.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02793b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man5/suauth.5
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: suauth
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Формати файлів і файли налаштувань
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "suauth" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Формати файлів і файли налашту"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+suauth \- докладний файл керування su
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fB/etc/suauth\fR\ 'u
+\fB/etc/suauth\fR
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Файл
+/etc/suauth
+буде використано під час кожного виклику su\&. Він може змінити поведінку команди su на основі таких даних:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+1) користувача призначення su
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+2) користувача, від імені якого віддано команду su (або будь\-яких груп, учасником яких він є)
+.PP
+Форматування файла описано нижче\&. Рядки, які починаються з символу #, вважатимуться коментарями\&. Такі рядки буде проігноровано;
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+ідентифікатор\-призначення:похідний\-ідентифікатор:ДІЯ
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Де \(Foідентифікатор\-призначення\(Fc є словом
+\fIALL\fR, списком відокремлених \(Fo,\(Fc імен користувачів або словами
+\fIALL EXCEPT\fR, після яких вказано список відокремлених \(Fo,\(Fc імен користувачів\&.
+.PP
+Форматування запису \(Foпохідний\-ідентифікатор\(Fc є таким самим, що і для запису \(Foідентифікатор\-призначення\(Fc, окрім розпізнавання додаткового слова
+\fIGROUP\fR\&. Можна також без проблем користуватися
+\fIALL EXCEPT GROUP\fR\&. Після
+\fIGROUP\fR
+можна вказати назви однієї або декількох груп, відокремлених \(Fo,\(Fc\&. Ідентифікатора основної групи відповідної групи недостатньо, потрібен запис у
+\fB/etc/group\fR(5)\&.
+.PP
+Дією може бути лише один із наведених нижче підтримуваних у поточній версії варіантів\&.
+.PP
+\fIDENY\fR
+.RS 4
+Спробу su буде зупинено навіть до того, як буде надіслано запит щодо пароля\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fINOPASS\fR
+.RS 4
+Спроба виконати su автоматично успішна; запит щодо пароля не виконуватиметься\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIOWNPASS\fR
+.RS 4
+Для успішного виконання команди su користувач має ввести власний пароль\&. Програма попросить його це зробити\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Зауважте, що передбачено три окремих поля, які відокремлено двокрапками\&. Ніяких пробілів навколо двокрапок не повинно бути\&. Також зауважте, що файл буде оброблено рядок за рядком\&. Бдуе використано перше придатне правило без вивчення решти\&. Це уможливлює для адміністратора встановлення бажаного рівня керування доступом\&.
+.SH "ПРИКЛАД"
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+# приклад файла /etc/suauth
+#
+# Двійко привілейованих користувачів можуть
+# виконувати su до root із власним паролем\&.
+#
+root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS
+#
+# Усі інші не можуть виконувати su до root, якщо
+# не у групі wheel\&. Так роблять у BSD\&.
+#
+root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY
+#
+# Можливо, облікові записи terry і birddog належать
+# одній особі\&.
+# Можна налаштувати доступ між ними
+# без пароля\&.
+#
+terry:birddog:NOPASS birddog:terry:NOPASS
+#
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/suauth
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.SH "ВАДИ"
+.PP
+Може бути доволі багато проблем\&. Зокрема, обробник файла не пробачає синтаксичних помилок, не дає додавати пробіли у довільні місця (окрім початку і кінця рядків) і має специфічні правила щодо розмежування записів\&.
+.SH "ДІАГНОСТИКА"
+.PP
+Про помилку при обробці файла буде повідомлено за допомогою
+\fBsyslogd\fR(8)
+у формі рівня ERR для можливості AUTH\&.
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBsu\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/chgpasswd.8 b/man/uk/man8/chgpasswd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5bfe71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/chgpasswd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chgpasswd
+.\"    Author: Thomas K\(/loczko <kloczek@pld.org.pl>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди керування системою
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "chgpasswd" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди керування системою"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+chgpasswd \- оновлення паролів груп у пакетному режимі
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBchgpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBchgpasswd\fR [\fIпараметри\fR]
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBchgpasswd\fR
+читає список пар назва групи \(em пароль зі стандартного джерела вхідних даних і використовує ці дані для оновлення набору наявних груп\&. Кожен рядок записується у такому форматі:
+.PP
+\fIназва_групи\fR:\fIпароль\fR
+.PP
+Типово, наданий пароль має бути простим текстовим\&. Його буде зашифровано за допомогою
+\fBchgpasswd\fR\&.
+.PP
+Типовий алгоритм шифрування може бути визначено для системи за допомогою змінної
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+у
+/etc/login\&.defs, і може бути перезаписано за допомогою параметрів
+\fB\-e\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR
+або
+\fB\-c\fR\&.
+.PP
+Цю команду призначено для використання у великих системних середовищах, де одночасно створюють багато облікових записів\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBchgpasswd\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
+.RS 4
+Скористатися для шифрування паролів вказаним методом\&.
+.sp
+Доступними методами є DES, MD5, NONE і SHA256 або SHA512, якщо у вашій libc передбачено підтримку цих методів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
+.RS 4
+Надані паролі подано у зашифрованій формі\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
+.RS 4
+Скористатися шифруванням MD5 замість DES, якщо надані паролі не зашифровано\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
+.RS 4
+Використати вказану кількість циклів шифрування паролів\&.
+.sp
+Значення 0 означає, що система вибере типову кількість проходів для методу шифрування (5000)\&.
+.sp
+Буде примусово встановлено мінімальне значення 1000 і максимальне значення 999999999\&.
+.sp
+Ви можете скористатися цим параметром у поєднанні із методами шифрування SHA256 або SHA512\&.
+.sp
+Типово, кількість проходів визначається за допомогою змінних SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS і SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS у
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ЗАСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ"
+.PP
+Не забудьте встановити права доступу або umask, щоб запобігти доступності до читання нешифрованих файлів сторонніми користувачами\&.
+.PP
+Вам слід переконатися, що паролі і метод шифрування відповідає правилам поводження з паролями у системі\&.
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/chpasswd.8 b/man/uk/man8/chpasswd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b75a3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/chpasswd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chpasswd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди керування системою
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "chpasswd" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди керування системою"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+chpasswd \- оновлення паролів у пакетному режимі
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBchpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBchpasswd\fR [\fIпараметри\fR]
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+читає список пар ім\*(Aqя користувача \(em пароль зі стандартного джерела вхідних даних і використовує ці дані для оновлення набору наявних записів користувачів\&. Кожен рядок записується у такому форматі:
+.PP
+\fIім\*(Aqя_користувача\fR:\fIпароль\fR
+.PP
+Типово, паролі має бути надано простим текстом\&. Паролі буде зашифровано за допомогою
+\fBchpasswd\fR\&. Також буде оновлено дані щодо віку пароля, якщо такі збережено\&.
+.PP
+Типовий алгоритм шифрування може бути визначено для системи за допомогою змінної
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+або
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+у
+/etc/login\&.defs, і може бути перезаписано за допомогою параметрів
+\fB\-e\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR
+або
+\fB\-c\fR\&.
+.PP
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+спершу оновлює усі паролі у пам\*(Aqяті, а потім записує усі зміни на диск, якщо не сталося помилок для якогось з користувачів\&.
+.PP
+Цю команду призначено для використання у великих системних середовищах, де одночасно створюють багато облікових записів\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBchpasswd\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR \fIMETHOD\fR
+.RS 4
+Скористатися для шифрування паролів вказаним методом\&.
+.sp
+Доступними методами є DES, MD5, NONE і SHA256 або SHA512, якщо у вашій libc передбачено підтримку цих методів\&.
+.sp
+Типово, (якщо не вказано жодного з параметрів
+\fB\-c\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR
+або
+\fB\-e\fR), метод шифрування буде визначено змінною
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+або
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+у
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
+.RS 4
+Надані паролі подано у зашифрованій формі\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
+.RS 4
+Скористатися шифруванням MD5 замість DES, якщо надані паролі не зашифровано\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR \fIROUNDS\fR
+.RS 4
+Використати вказану кількість циклів шифрування паролів\&.
+.sp
+Значення 0 означає, що система вибере типову кількість проходів для методу шифрування (5000)\&.
+.sp
+Буде примусово встановлено мінімальне значення 1000 і максимальне значення 999999999\&.
+.sp
+Ви можете скористатися цим параметром у поєднанні із методами шифрування SHA256 або SHA512\&.
+.sp
+Типово, кількість проходів визначено змінними
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+і
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
+у
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ЗАСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ"
+.PP
+Не забудьте встановити права доступу або umask, щоб запобігти доступності до читання нешифрованих файлів сторонніми користувачами\&.
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/faillog.8 b/man/uk/man8/faillog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33f48ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/faillog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди керування системою
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "faillog" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди керування системою"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+faillog \- вивести записи faillog або встановити обмеження на невдалі спроби увійти до системи
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBfaillog\fR\ 'u
+\fBfaillog\fR [\fIпараметри\fR]
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+показує вміст бази даних помилок під час входу до системи (/var/log/faillog)\&. Ця програма також може встановлювати лічильник і обмеження помилок\&. Якщо
+\fBfaillog\fR
+запущено без аргументів, програма покаже лише записи користувачів, при спробах входу до системи яких сталася помилка\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBfaillog\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+.RS 4
+Вивести (або виконати дію) над записами faillog для усіх користувачів, запис яких міститься у базі даних
+faillog\&.
+.sp
+Діапазон учасників можна обмежити за допомогою параметра
+\fB\-u\fR\&.
+.sp
+У режимі показу діапазон буде обмежено наявними користувачами, але буде примусово показано записи faillog, навіть якщо вони є порожніми\&.
+.sp
+З параметрами
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR,
+\fB\-r\fR,
+\fB\-t\fR
+записи користувачів буде змінено, навіть якщо запису користувача не існує у системі\&. Це корисно для скидання записів користувачів, облікові записи яких було вилучено, або встановлення наперед правил для діапазону користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\-secs\fR \fIСЕК\fR
+.RS 4
+Заблокувати обліковий запис на
+\fIСЕК\fR
+секунд після невдалої спроби увійти до системи\&.
+.sp
+Для користування цим параметром потрібен доступ до запису для файла
+/var/log/faillog\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-maximum\fR \fIМАКСИМУМ\fR
+.RS 4
+Встановити максимальну кількість невдалих спроб, після якої обліковий запис буде вимкнено, у значення
+\fIМАКСИМУМ\fR\&.
+.sp
+Вибір для
+\fIМАКСИМУМ\fR
+значення 0 призведе до усування обмеження на кількість невдалих спроб увійти до системи\&.
+.sp
+Для
+\fIroot\fR
+максимальною кількістю невдалих спроб увійти до системи має завжди бути 0, щоб запобігти спробам атакувати систему, викликавши відмову в обслуговуванні\&.
+.sp
+Для користування цим параметром потрібен доступ до запису для файла
+/var/log/faillog\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reset\fR
+.RS 4
+Скинути лічильники помилок входу\&.
+.sp
+Для користування цим параметром потрібен доступ до запису для файла
+/var/log/faillog\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR \fIДНІ\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати записи faillog, які є свіжішими за
+\fIДНІ\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR \fIЗАПИС\fR|\fIДІАПАЗОН\fR
+.RS 4
+Вивести запис журналу помилок або лічильників помилок і обмежень на помилки (якщо використано з
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR
+або
+\fB\-r\fR) лише для вказаних користувачів\&.
+.sp
+Користувачів можна задавати за обліковим записом для входу, числовим ідентифікатором користувача або значенням
+\fIДІАПАЗОН\fR
+для користувачів\&.
+\fIДІАПАЗОН\fR
+користувачів можна вказати за допомогою мінімального і максимального значень (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), максимального значення (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR) або мінімального значення (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Якщо не вказано жодного з параметрів
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR
+або
+\fB\-r\fR,
+\fBfaillog\fR
+показує запис faillog вказаних користувачів\&.
+.SH "ЗАСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+виводить дані лише користувачів, які не мали успішних входів до системи з моменту останньої помилки\&. Щоб було виведено запис користувача, який успішно входив до системи з часу останньої помилки, вам слід явним чином надіслати запит щодо користувача за допомогою прапорця
+\fB\-u\fR
+або наказати програмі вивести дані усіх користувачів за допомогою прапорця
+\fB\-a\fR\&.
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+Файл журналу помилок\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBfaillog\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/uk/man8/groupadd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6ac855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/groupadd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupadd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди керування системою
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "groupadd" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди керування системою"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+groupadd \- створення нової групи
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupadd\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupadd\fR [\fIПАРАМЕТРИ\fR] \fIНОВА_ГРУПА\fR
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+створює обліковий запис групи з використанням значень, які вказано у командному рядку, і типових для системи значень\&. Запис нової групи буде додано до файлів системи, якщо у цьому буде потреба\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the groupname\&. Fully numeric groupnames and groupnames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&.
+.PP
+Довжина назв груп не може перевищувати 32 символи\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBgroupadd\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+Використання цього параметра призведе до простого виходу з команди зі станом успіху, якщо вказана група вже існує\&. Якщо використано разом із
+\fB\-g\fR, і вказаний GID вже існує, буде вибрано інший (унікальний) GID (тобто буде вимкнено
+\fB\-g\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR \fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+Числове значення ідентифікатора групи\&.
+\fIGID\fR
+має бути унікальним, якщо не використано параметр
+\fB\-o\fR\&. Значення має бути невід\*(Aqємним\&. Типовим є використання найменшого значення ідентифікатора, яке дорівнює або перевищує
+\fBМІНІМАЛЬНИЙ_GID\fR
+і є більшим за значення ідентифікатора будь\-якої іншої групи\&.
+.sp
+Див\&. також описи параметрів
+\fB\-r\fR
+і
+\fBМАКСИМАЛЬНИЙ_GID\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR \fIКЛЮЧ\fR=\fIЗНАЧЕННЯ\fR
+.RS 4
+Має пріоритет над типовими значенням у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+(GID_MIN, GID_MAX та іншими)\&. Може бути вказано декілька параметрів
+\fB\-K\fR\&.
+.sp
+Приклад:
+\fB\-K\fR
+\fIМІНІМАЛЬНИЙ_GID\fR=\fI100\fR
+\fB\-K\fR
+\fIМАКСИМАЛЬНИЙ_GID\fR=\fI499\fR
+.sp
+Зауваження:
+\fB\-K\fR
+\fIМІНІМАЛЬНИЙ_GID\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIМАКСИМАЛЬНИЙ_GID\fR=\fI499\fR
+ще не працює\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+уможливлює створення груп із вже використаним числовим ідентифікатором\&. У результаті для цього
+\fIGID\fR
+прив\*(Aqязка до групи
+\fIНОВА_ГРУПА\fR
+може бути неунікальною\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR \fIПАРОЛЬ\fR
+.RS 4
+визначає початковий пароль до облікового запису групи\&. ПАРОЛЬ має бути зашифровано у форматі, який повертає
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+Без цього параметра обліковий запис групи буде заблоковано; для нього також не буде визначено пароля, тобто у відповідному полі файла облікових записів системи
+/etc/group
+або
+/etc/gshadow
+буде вказано одинарний знак оклику\&.
+.sp
+\fBЗауваження:\fR
+не рекомендуємо користуватися цим параметром, оскільки пароль (або шифрований пароль) буде видимим для користувачів, які мають доступ до списку процесів\&.
+.sp
+Вам слід переконатися, що пароль відповідає правилам складання паролів системи\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Створити загальносистемну групу\&.
+.sp
+Числові ідентифікатори нових груп системи буде вибрано у діапазоні
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+login\&.defs, замість діапазону
+\fBМІНІМАЛЬНИЙ_GID\fR\-\fBМАКСИМАЛЬНИЙ_GID\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_ПРЕФІКСА\fR
+.RS 4
+Застосувати зміни до файлів налаштувань у кореневій файловій системі з каталогу
+\fIКАТАЛОГ_ПРЕФІКСА\fR\&. Використання цього параметра не змінює кореневої теки\&. Параметр призначено лише для приготування цілі для компіляції коду для іншої операційної системи\&. Обмеження: не буде виконано перевірку користувачів/груп NIS і LDAP\&. При розпізнаванні у PAM буде використано файли основної системи\&. Підтримки SELINUX не передбачено\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+Список імен користувачів, яких слід додати як учасників групи\&.
+.sp
+Типову поведінку (якщо не вказано параметрів
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR
+і
+\fB\-U\fR) буде визначено змінною
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+у
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ЗАСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ"
+.PP
+Не можна додавати групи NIS або LDAP\&. Для таких груп цю дію має бути виконано на відповідному сервері\&.
+.PP
+Якщо назва групи вже існує у зовнішній базі даних груп, зокрема NIS або LDAP,
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+відмовить у запиті щодо створення групи\&.
+.SH "ЗНАЧЕННЯ ВИХОДУ"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+завершує роботу із такими значеннями:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+успіх
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+некоректний синтаксис команди
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+некоректний аргумент параметра
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+GID вже використано (якщо викликано без
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+назву групи вже використано
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+не вдалося оновити файл груп
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/uk/man8/groupdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1bc3ce7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/groupdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди керування системою
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "groupdel" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди керування системою"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+groupdel \- вилучення групи
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupdel\fR [\fIпараметри\fR] \fIGROUP\fR
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+вносить зміни до файлів загальносистемних облікових записів, вилучаючи усі записи, які стосуються імені користувача\fIGROUP\fR\&. Іменована група має існувати\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBgroupdel\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+Використання цього параметра призведе до вилучення групи, навіть якщо лишається якийсь користувач, для якого ця група є основною\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_ПРЕФІКСА\fR
+.RS 4
+Застосувати зміни до каталогу
+\fIКАТАЛОГ_ПРЕФІКСА\fR
+і використати файли налаштувань з каталогу
+\fIКАТАЛОГ_ПРЕФІКСА\fR\&. Використання цього параметра не змінює кореневої теки\&. Параметр призначено лише для приготування цілі для компіляції коду для іншої операційної системи\&. Обмеження: не буде виконано перевірку користувачів/груп NIS і LDAP\&. При розпізнаванні у PAM буде використано файли основної системи\&. Підтримки SELINUX не передбачено\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ЗАСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ"
+.PP
+Ви не можете вилучити основну групу будь\-якого наявного користувача\&. Вам слід вилучити запис користувача, перш ніж вилучати його основну групу\&.
+.PP
+Вам слід виконати перевірку усіх файлових систем вручну, щоб переконатися, щоб не лишилося жодних файлів, які належать цій групі\&.
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ЗНАЧЕННЯ ВИХОДУ"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+завершує роботу із такими значеннями:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+успіх
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+некоректний синтаксис команди
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+вказаної групи не існує
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+не вдалося вилучити основну групу користувача
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+не вдалося оновити файл груп
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/groupmems.8 b/man/uk/man8/groupmems.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..997f6d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/groupmems.8
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmems
+.\"    Author: George Kraft, IV
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди керування системою
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "groupmems" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди керування системою"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+groupmems \- адміністрування учасників основної групи користувача
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmems\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmems\fR \-a\ \fIім\*(Aqя_користувача\fR | \-d\ \fIім\*(Aqя_користувача\fR | [\-g\ \fIназва_групи\fR] | \-l | \-p 
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+надає змогу користувачеві адмініструвати список учасників власної групи без потреби у привілеях надкористувача\&. Допоміжну програму
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+призначено для систем, у яких облікові запис користувачів налаштовують так, щоб основною групою для них була група із назвою, яка збігається із назвою облікового запису користувача (тобто guest / guest)\&.
+.PP
+Лише надкористувач, як адміністратор, може використовувати
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+для зміни учасників інших груп\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBgroupmems\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR \fIім\*(Aqя_користувача\fR
+.RS 4
+Додати користувача до списку участі у групі\&.
+.sp
+Якщо існує файл
+/etc/gshadow, і у групи немає запису у файлі
+/etc/gshadow, буде створено новий запис\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR \fIім\*(Aqя_користувача\fR
+.RS 4
+Вилучити користувача зі списку участі у групі\&.
+.sp
+Якщо файл
+/etc/gshadow
+існує, користувача буде вилучено зі списку учасників і адміністраторів групи\&.
+.sp
+Якщо існує файл
+/etc/gshadow, і у групи немає запису у файлі
+/etc/gshadow, буде створено новий запис\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR \fIназва_групи\fR
+.RS 4
+Надкористувач може вказувати, до якого списку учасників груп слід внести зміни\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+Вивести список участі у групах\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-purge\fR
+.RS 4
+Витерти усіх користувачів зі списку учасників групи\&.
+.sp
+Якщо існує файл
+/etc/gshadow, і у групи немає запису у файлі
+/etc/gshadow, буде створено новий запис\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.SH "КОНФІГУРАЦІЯ"
+.PP
+Режимом доступу до виконуваного файла
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+має бути
+2710
+із власником
+\fIroot\fR
+і групою
+\fIgroups\fR\&. Адміністратор системи може додавати користувачів до групи
+\fIgroups\fR, щоб дозволити або заборонити їм користуватися програмою
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+для керування списком учасників їхньої власної групи\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+$ groupadd \-r groups $ chmod 2710 groupmems $ chown root\&.groups groupmems $ groupmems \-g groups \-a gk4
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+відомості щодо захищених груп облікових записів
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/uk/man8/groupmod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4251b82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/groupmod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди керування системою
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "groupmod" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди керування системою"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+groupmod \- зміна визначення групи у системі
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmod\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmod\fR [\fIпараметри\fR] \fIGROUP\fR
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+змінює визначення вказаної аргументом групи
+\fIGROUP\fR, вносячи зміни до відповідного запису у базі даних груп\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBgroupmod\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR \fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+Учасників групи вказують за допомогою параметра \-U\&. Записи буде дописано до наявного списку учасників, а не використано для заміни цього списку\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR \fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+Ідентифікатор групи вказаного запису
+\fIGROUP\fR
+буде змінено на
+\fIGID\fR\&.
+.sp
+Значенням
+\fIGID\fR
+має бути невід\*(Aqємне десяткове ціле число\&. Це значення має бути унікальним, якщо не використано параметр
+\fB\-o\fR\&.
+.sp
+Записи користувачів, які використовують групу, як основну групу, буде оновлено з метою збереження групи, як їхньої основної групи\&.
+.sp
+Ідентифікатор групи усіх файли, власником яких є група зі старим ідентифікатором, і які мають належати
+\fIGROUP\fR, доведеться змінити вручну\&.
+.sp
+Перевірок щодо
+\fBМІНІМАЛЬНИЙ_GID\fR,
+\fBМАКСИМАЛЬНИЙ_GID\fR,
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR
+або
+\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+з
+/etc/login\&.defs
+виконано не буде\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-new\-name\fR \fIНОВА_ГРУПА\fR
+.RS 4
+Назву групи буде змінено з
+\fIGROUP\fR
+на
+\fIНОВА_ГРУПА\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+Якщо використано у поєднанні із параметром
+\fB\-g\fR, дозволити зміну групи
+\fIGID\fR
+на неунікальне значення\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR \fIПАРОЛЬ\fR
+.RS 4
+Зашифрований пароль, як його повертає
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBЗауваження:\fR
+не рекомендуємо користуватися цим параметром, оскільки пароль (або шифрований пароль) буде видимим для користувачів, які мають доступ до списку процесів\&.
+.sp
+Вам слід переконатися, що пароль відповідає правилам складання паролів системи\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_ПРЕФІКСА\fR
+.RS 4
+Застосувати зміни до каталогу
+\fIКАТАЛОГ_ПРЕФІКСА\fR
+і використати файли налаштувань з каталогу
+\fIКАТАЛОГ_ПРЕФІКСА\fR\&. Використання цього параметра не змінює кореневої теки\&. Параметр призначено лише для приготування цілі для компіляції коду для іншої операційної системи\&. Обмеження: не буде виконано перевірку користувачів/груп NIS і LDAP\&. При розпізнаванні у PAM буде використано файли основної системи\&. Підтримки SELINUX не передбачено\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+Список імен користувачів, яких слід додати як учасників групи\&.
+.sp
+Типову поведінку (якщо не вказано параметрів
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR
+і
+\fB\-U\fR) буде визначено змінною
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+у
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ЗНАЧЕННЯ ВИХОДУ"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+завершує роботу із такими значеннями:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+E_SUCCESS: успіх
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+E_USAGE: некоректний синтаксис команди
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+E_BAD_ARG: некоректний аргумент параметра
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GID_IN_USE: ідентифікатор групи вже використано
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NOTFOUND: вказаної групи не існує
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NAME_IN_USE: назву групи вже використано
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GRP_UPDATE: не вдалося оновити файл групи
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI11\fR
+.RS 4
+E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: не вдалося налаштувати службу чищення
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_USERNAME: не вдалося визначити ваше ім\*(Aqя користувача для використання разом із pam
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI13\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_ERROR: pam повернуто повідомлення про помилку, див\&. ідентифікатор groupmod у журналі syslog, щоб ознайомитися із повідомленням про помилку PAM
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/grpck.8 b/man/uk/man8/grpck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..134d7d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/grpck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: grpck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди керування системою
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "grpck" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди керування системою"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+grpck \- перевірка цілісності файлів груп
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBgrpck\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpck\fR [параметри] [\fIгрупа\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]]
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команду
+\fBgrpck\fR
+призначено для перевірки цілісності даних щодо груп\&. Вона перевіряє, чи усі записи у
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+мають належне форматування і містять чинні дані\&. Програма попросить користувача вилучити записи із помилковим форматуванням або іншими непридатними до виправлення помилками\&.
+.PP
+Буде виконано перевірки з метою переконатися, що кожен запис має:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+належна кількість полів
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+унікальна і чинна назва групи
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+чинний ідентифікатор групи
+(/etc/group only)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+коректний список учасників
+і адміністратори
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+відповідний запис у файлі
+/etc/gshadow
+(відповідно,
+/etc/group
+для перевірок
+gshadow)
+.RE
+.PP
+Перевірки належної кількості полів та унікальності назв груп є критичними\&. Якщо у записі помилкова кількість полів, програма попросить користувача вилучити увесь рядок\&. Якщо користувач не підтвердить дію з вилучення, усі наступні перевірки буде пропущено\&. Якщо буде виявлено запис із дублюванням групи, програма попросить вилучити його, але якщо у цьому буде відмовлено, виконає решту перевірок\&. Усі інші помилки вважатимуться незначними \(em користувачу буде рекомендовано віддати команду
+\fBgroupmod\fR, щоб виправити помилку\&.
+.PP
+Команди, які мають справу з
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow files, не зможуть змінити пошкоджені або дубльовані записи\&. У цих випадках слід скористатися
+\fBgrpck\fR
+для вилучення помилкових записів\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри
+\fB\-r\fR
+і
+\fB\-s\fR
+не можна поєднувати\&.
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBgrpck\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Виконати команду
+\fBgrpck\fR
+у режимі лише читання\&. Це призведе до того, що програма вважатиме відповідями на усі свої питання значення
+\fIno\fR
+і ні про що не запитуватиме користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Упорядкувати записи у
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+за GID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-silence\-warnings\fR
+.RS 4
+Придушити сумнівні попередження, зокрема попередження щодо неузгодженості між списками учасників групи у
+/etc/group
+і
+/etc/ghadow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Типово,
+\fBgrpck\fR
+працює з
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow\&. Користувач може вибрати альтернативні файли за допомогою
+\fIгрупа\fR
+and \fIshadow\fR parameters\&.
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ЗНАЧЕННЯ ВИХОДУ"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBgrpck\fR
+завершує роботу із такими значеннями:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+успіх
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+некоректний синтаксис команди
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+один або декілька помилкових записів груп
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+не вдалося відкрити файли груп
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+не вдалося заблокувати файли груп
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+не вдалося оновити файли груп
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBгрупа\fR(5),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/grpconv.8 b/man/uk/man8/grpconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/grpconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/grpunconv.8 b/man/uk/man8/grpunconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/grpunconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/uk/man8/lastlog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d37b777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/lastlog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: lastlog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди керування системою
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "lastlog" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди керування системою"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+lastlog \- виведення даних щодо останнього входу до системи для усіх користувачів або для вказаного користувача\&.
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBlastlog\fR\ 'u
+\fBlastlog\fR [\fIпараметри\fR]
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+\fBlastlog\fR
+форматує і виводить вміст журналу записів останнього входу до системи у файлі
+/var/log/lastlog\&. Буде виведено дані
+\fIім\*(Aqя користувача\fR,
+\fIпорт\fR
+і
+\fIчас останнього входу до системи\fR\&. Типовий варіант (без прапорців) призведе до виведення записів lastlog, які буде упорядковано за порядком у
+/etc/passwd\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBlastlog\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-before\fR \fIДНІ\fR
+.RS 4
+Вивести лише ті записи lastlog, вік яких перевищує
+\fIДНІ\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-clear\fR
+.RS 4
+Вилучити запис lastlog користувача\&. Цей параметр можна використовувати лише разом із
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-set\fR
+.RS 4
+Встановити для запису lastlog користувача поточний час\&. Цей параметр можна використовувати лише разом із
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR \fIДНІ\fR
+.RS 4
+Вивести записи lastlog, які є свіжішими за
+\fIДНІ\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR \fIЗАПИС\fR|\fIДІАПАЗОН\fR
+.RS 4
+Вивести запис lastlog для вказаних користувачів\&.
+.sp
+Користувачів можна задавати за обліковим записом для входу, числовим ідентифікатором користувача або значенням
+\fIДІАПАЗОН\fR
+для користувачів\&.
+\fIДІАПАЗОН\fR
+користувачів можна вказати за допомогою мінімального і максимального значень (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), максимального значення (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR) або мінімального значення (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Якщо користувач ніколи не входив до системи, буде виведено повідомлення
+\fI** Ніколи не входив **\fR
+замість порту і часу\&.
+.PP
+Буде виведено записи лише для поточних користувачів системи\&. У системі можуть існувати дані для записів користувачів, які було раніше вилучено\&.
+.SH "ЗАУВАЖЕННЯ"
+.PP
+Файл
+lastlog
+є базою даних, які містить дані щодо останнього входу до системи кожного з користувачів\&. Вам не слід оновлювати його вміст вручну\&. Це розріджений файл, тому його розмір на диску, зазвичай, є набагато меншим за показаний
+\fBls \-l\fR
+(ця команда може показати дуже великий розмір, якщо у вашому
+passwd
+є записи із великими значеннями UID)\&. Переглянути справжній розмір файла можна за допомогою команди
+\fBls \-s\fR\&.
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/var/log/lastlog
+.RS 4
+Записи часу у базі даних для попередніх входів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ЗАСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ"
+.PP
+Великі прогалини у числах UID призведуть до того, що програма lastlog працюватиме довше без виведення даних на екран (тобто, якщо у базі даних lastlog немає записів для користувачів із UID між 170 і 800, може здатися, що lastlog зависла, доки програма обробляє UID у діапазоні 171\-799)\&.
+.PP
+Наявність великих значень UID може створити проблеми при обробці
+<term>/var/log/lastlog</term>
+за допомогою зовнішніх інструментів\&. Хоча сам файл є розрідженим і він не використовує надто багато місця на диску, деякі програми типово не призначено для визначення розріджених файлів \(em такі програми можуть потребувати для обробки певного параметра\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/uk/man8/logoutd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1206913
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/logoutd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: logoutd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди керування системою
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "logoutd" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди керування системою"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+logoutd \- примусово застосувати обмеження щодо часу входу
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBlogoutd\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+накладає обмеження на час входу та порт, які вказано у
+/etc/porttime\&.
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+має бути запущено з
+/etc/rc\&. Система виконуватиме регулярне сканування
+/var/run/utmp\&. Буде виконано перевірку кожного користувача з метою визначення того, чи має доступ користувач до іменованого порту у поточний момент часу\&. Усі сеанси роботи, які порушуватимуть обмеження у
+/etc/porttime, буде перервано\&.
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+Файл, у якому містяться дані доступу до портів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/var/run/utmp
+.RS 4
+Список поточних сеансів входу до системи\&.
+.RE
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/newusers.8 b/man/uk/man8/newusers.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61d72dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/newusers.8
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newusers
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди керування системою
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "newusers" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди керування системою"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+newusers \- пакетне оновлення і створення облікових записів користувачів
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBnewusers\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewusers\fR [\fIпараметри\fR] [\fIфайл\fR]
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBnewusers\fR
+читає
+\fIфайл\fR
+(або, типово, стандартного джерела вхідних даних) і використовує ці дані для оновлення набору наявних записів користувачів або створення записів нових користувачів\&. Кожен рядок записано у тому самому форматі, що і стандартний файл паролів (див\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR(5))\&. Винятки з цього правила описано нижче:
+.PP
+pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell
+.PP
+\fIpw_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Це ім\*(Aqя користувача\&.
+.sp
+Це може бути ім\*(Aqя нового користувача або ім\*(Aqя наявного користувача (або користувача, запис якого створено раніше за допомогою
+\fBnewusers\fR)\&. У випадку наявного користувача буде змінено дані щодо користувача\&. Якщо запису користувача не існуватиме, його буде створено\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_passwd\fR
+.RS 4
+Це поле буде зашифровано і використано як нове значення зашифрованого пароля\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_uid\fR
+.RS 4
+Це поле буде використано для визначення UID користувача\&.
+.sp
+Якщо поле є порожнім, новий (невикористаний) UID буде визначено
+\fBnewusers\fR
+автоматично\&.
+.sp
+Якщо у цьому полі міститься число, це число буде використано як UID\&.
+.sp
+Якщо у цьому полі міститься ім\*(Aqя наявного користувача (або ім\*(Aqя користувача, запис якого було створено раніше за допомогою
+\fBnewusers\fR), буде використано UID вказаного користувача\&.
+.sp
+Якщо буде змінено UID наявного користувача, власність на файли файла користувача має бути виправлено вручну\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_gid\fR
+.RS 4
+Це поле використовують для визначення ідентифікатора основної групи користувача\&.
+.sp
+Якщо у цьому полі міститься ім\*(Aqя наявної групи (або групи, яку раніше створено за допомогою
+\fBnewusers\fR), GID цієї групи буде використано як ідентифікатор основної групи користувача\&.
+.sp
+Якщо у цьому полі записано число, це число буде використано як ідентифікатор основної групи користувача\&. Якщо груп із цим GID не існує, буде створено нову групу з цим GID і назвою, яка збігається із іменем користувача\&.
+.sp
+Якщо це поле є порожнім, буде створено нову групу із назвою, яка збігається із іменем користувача, а GID буде автоматично визначено за допомогою
+\fBnewusers\fR
+для використання як ідентифікатора основної групи для користувача і як GID для нової групи\&.
+.sp
+Якщо у цьому полі міститься назва групи, якої не існує (і її не було створено раніше за допомогою
+\fBnewusers\fR), буде створено нову групу із вказаною назвою, а GID буде автоматично визначено за допомогою
+\fBnewusers\fR
+для використання як ідентифікатора основної групи для користувача і GID для нової групи\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_gecos\fR
+.RS 4
+Це поле буде скопійовано до поля GECOS користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_dir\fR
+.RS 4
+Це поле призначено для визначення домашнього каталогу користувача\&.
+.sp
+Якщо це поле не вказує на наявний каталог, вказаний каталог буде створено\&. Власником буде користувач, обліковий запис якого буде створено або оновлено, та його основна група\&. Зауважте, що
+\fInewusers не створює батьківських каталогів\fR
+домашнього каталогу нового користувача\&. Команда newusers не зможе створити домашній каталог, якщо не існує батьківських щодо нього каталогів, і надішле повідомлення до stderr із інформуванням користувача про помилку\&. Команда newusers не перерве роботу і не поверне помилку до оболонки, з якої її віддано, якщо їй не вдасться створити домашній каталог, а продовжить обробку пакета вказаних нових користувачів\&.
+.sp
+Якщо буде змінено домашній каталог наявного користувача,
+\fBnewusers\fR
+не пересуватиме і не копіюватиме вміст старого каталогу до нового місця\&. Це доведеться зробити вручну\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_shell\fR
+.RS 4
+Це поле визначає командну оболонку користувача\&. Перевірки щодо вмісту цього поля не виконуються\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBnewusers\fR
+спочатку намагається створити або змінити дані усіх вказаних користувачів, а потім записує ці зміни до баз даних користувачів або груп\&. Якщо станеться помилка (окрім остаточного запису до баз даних), змін до баз даних не вноситимуться\&.
+.PP
+Цю команду призначено для використання у великих системних середовищах, де одночасно оновлюють багато облікових записів\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBnewusers\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Дозволити назви, які не відповідають стандартам\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
+.RS 4
+Скористатися для шифрування паролів вказаним методом\&.
+.sp
+Доступними методами є DES, MD5, NONE і SHA256 або SHA512, якщо у вашій libc передбачено підтримку цих методів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Створити загальносистемний обліковий запис\&.
+.sp
+Записи загальносистемних користувачів буде створено без даних щодо застарівання у
+/etc/shadow, а їхні числові ідентифікатори буде вибрано у діапазоні
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR, який визначено у
+login\&.defs, а не у
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
+(та їхніх відповідників
+\fBGID\fR
+для створення груп)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
+.RS 4
+Використати вказану кількість циклів шифрування паролів\&.
+.sp
+Значення 0 означає, що система вибере типову кількість проходів для методу шифрування (5000)\&.
+.sp
+Буде примусово встановлено мінімальне значення 1000 і максимальне значення 999999999\&.
+.sp
+Ви можете скористатися цим параметром у поєднанні із методами шифрування SHA256 або SHA512\&.
+.sp
+Типово, кількість проходів визначається за допомогою змінних SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS і SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS у
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ЗАСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ"
+.PP
+Файл вхідних даних має бути захищено, оскільки у ньому зберігаються незашифровані паролі\&.
+.PP
+Вам слід переконатися, що паролі і метод шифрування відповідає правилам поводження з паролями у системі\&.
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+
+
+
+
+
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Окремі для користувачів ідентифікатори підлеглих груп\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Окремі для користувачів ідентифікатори підлеглих користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/nologin.8 b/man/uk/man8/nologin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee731e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/nologin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: nologin
+.\"    Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди керування системою
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "nologin" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди керування системою"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+nologin \- увічливо відмовити у вході до системи
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBnologin\fR\ 'u
+\fBnologin\fR
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBnologin\fR
+виводить повідомлення про те, що обліковий запис є недоступним, і завершує роботу із ненульовим станом\&. Команду призначено на заміну поля командної оболонки для облікових записів, які було вимкнено\&.
+.PP
+Щоб взагалі вимкнути можливість входу, ознайомтеся із документацією до
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.PP
+Якщо встановлено значення
+\fBSSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND\fR, дані буде записано до журналу\&.
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.SH "ІСТОРІЯ"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBnologin\fR
+з\*(Aqявилася у BSD 4\&.4\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/pwck.8 b/man/uk/man8/pwck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fdc3f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/pwck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: pwck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди керування системою
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "pwck" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди керування системою"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+pwck \- перевірка цілісності файлів паролів
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBpwck\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwck\fR [параметри] [\fIФАЙЛ_ПАРОЛІВ\fR\ [\ \fIФАЙЛ_SHADOW\fR\ ]]
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команду
+\fBpwck\fR
+призначено для перевірки цілісності даних щодо користувачів і розпізнавання\&. Вона перевіряє, чи усі записи у
+/etc/passwd
+і
+/etc/shadowмають належне форматування і містять чинні дані\&. Програма попросить користувача вилучити записи із помилковим форматуванням або іншими непридатними до виправлення помилками\&.
+.PP
+Буде виконано перевірки з метою переконатися, що кожен запис має:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+належна кількість полів
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+унікальне і чинне ім\*(Aqя користувача
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+чинний ідентифікатор користувача і групи
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+чинна основна група
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+чинний домашній каталог
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+чинна оболонка входу
+.RE
+.PP
+Перевірки для даних прихованих паролів буде увімкнено, якщо вказано другий параметр файла
+\fIФАЙЛ_SHADOW\fR
+або якщо у системі існує
+/etc/shadow\&.
+.PP
+Цими перевірками є такі:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+У кожного запису passwd є відповідний запис shadow, а кожен запис shadow має відповідний запис passwd
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+Паролі вказано у файлі прихованих паролів
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+Записи shadow мають належну кількість полів
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+Записи shadow є унікальними у shadow
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+останні зміни паролів не позначено часовими позначками у майбутньому
+.RE
+.PP
+Перевірки належної кількості полів та унікальності імен користувачів є критичними\&. Якщо у записі помилкова кількість полів, програма попросить користувача вилучити увесь рядок\&. Якщо користувач не підтвердить дію з вилучення, усі наступні перевірки буде пропущено\&. Якщо буде виявлено запис із дублюванням імені користувача, програма попросить вилучити його, але якщо у цьому буде відмовлено, виконає решту перевірок\&. Усі інші помилки вважатимуться незначними \(em користувачу буде рекомендовано віддати команду
+\fBusermod\fR, щоб виправити помилку\&.
+.PP
+Команди, які мають справу з файлом
+/etc/passwd, не зможуть змінити пошкоджені або дубльовані записи\&. У цих випадках слід скористатися
+\fBpwck\fR
+для вилучення помилкового запису\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри
+\fB\-r\fR
+і
+\fB\-s\fR
+не можна поєднувати\&.
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBpwck\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Дозволити назви, які не відповідають стандартам\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Повідомляти лише про помилки\&. Попередження, які не потребують взаємодії із користувачем, виведено не буде\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Виконати команду
+\fBpwck\fR
+у режимі лише читання\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Упорядкувати записи у
+/etc/passwd
+і
+/etc/shadow
+за UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Типово,
+\fBpwck\fR
+працює з файлами
+/etc/passwd
+і
+/etc/shadow\&. Користувач може вибрати альтернативні файли за допомогою параметрів
+\fIpasswd\fR
+і
+\fIshadow\fR\&.
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ЗНАЧЕННЯ ВИХОДУ"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBpwck\fR
+завершує роботу із такими значеннями:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+успіх
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+некоректний синтаксис команди
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+одна або декілька невдалих спроб ввести пароль
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+не вдалося відкрити файли паролів
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+не вдалося заблокувати файли паролів
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+не вдалося оновити файли паролів
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+не вдалося упорядкувати файли паролів
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBгрупа\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/pwconv.8 b/man/uk/man8/pwconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8264a36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/pwconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: pwconv
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди керування системою
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "pwconv" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди керування системою"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv \- перетворення на приховані паролі і групи, і навпаки
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBpwconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwconv\fR [\fIпараметри\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBpwunconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwunconv\fR [\fIпараметри\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBgrpconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpconv\fR [\fIпараметри\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBgrpunconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpunconv\fR [\fIпараметри\fR]
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBpwconv\fR
+створює
+\fIshadow\fR
+на основі
+\fIpasswd\fR
+і, необов\*(Aqязково, наявного
+\fIshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBpwunconv\fR
+створює
+\fIpasswd\fR
+на основі
+\fIpasswd\fR
+і
+\fIshadow\fR, а потім вилучає
+\fIshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+створює
+\fIgshadow\fR
+на основі
+\fIгрупа\fR
+і, необов\*(Aqязково, наявного
+\fIgshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+створює
+\fIгрупа\fR
+на основі
+\fIгрупа\fR
+і
+\fIgshadow\fR, а потім вилучає
+\fIgshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+Ці чотири програми працюють зі звичайними паролями та паролями shadow та файлами груп:
+/etc/passwd,
+/etc/group,
+/etc/shadow
+і
+/etc/gshadow\&.
+.PP
+Кожна програма виконує належні блокування перед перетворенням\&. Команди
+\fBpwconv\fR
+і
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+є еквівалентними\&. Спочатку, буде вилучено записи у файлі shadow, яких немає в основному файлі\&. Потім буде оновлено записи shadow, у яких не вказано \(Fox\(Fc, як пароль, в основному файлі\&. Буде додано усі пропущені записи shadow\&. Нарешті, паролі в основному файлі буде замінено на \(Fox\(Fc\&. Цими програмами можна скористатися для початкового перетворення, а також для оновлення файла shadow, якщо до основного файла було внесено зміни вручну\&.
+.PP
+\fBpwconv\fR
+використає значення
+\fIPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR,
+\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR
+і
+\fIPASS_WARN_AGE\fR
+з
+/etc/login\&.defs
+при додаванні нових записів до
+/etc/shadow\&.
+.PP
+Так само, є подібними команди
+\fBpwunconv\fR
+і
+\fBgrpunconv\fR\&. Паролі в основному файлі буде оновлено з файла shadow\&. Записи, які існують у основному файлі, але яких немає у файлі shadow, буде залишено\&. Нарешті, файл shadow буде вилучено\&. Робота
+\fBpwunconv\fR
+призведе до втрати деяких даних щодо застарівання паролів\&. Програма виконає перетворення лише тих даних, які можна перетворити\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBpwconv\fR,
+\fBpwunconv\fR,
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+та
+\fBgrpunconv\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ВАДИ"
+.PP
+Помилки у файлах паролів або груп (зокрема некоректні або дубльовані записи) можуть спричинити зависання або помилки у роботі цих програм\&. Будь ласка, запустіть
+\fBpwck\fR
+і
+\fBgrpck\fR
+для виправлення таких помилок до перетворення паролів або груп shadow\&.
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказана нижче змінна налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінює поведінку
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+і
+\fBgrpunconv\fR:
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку
+\fBpwconv\fR:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/pwunconv.8 b/man/uk/man8/pwunconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/pwunconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/sulogin.8 b/man/uk/man8/sulogin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1197390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/sulogin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: sulogin
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди керування системою
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "sulogin" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди керування системою"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+sulogin \- Single\-user login
+.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
+.PP
+\fBsulogin\fR
+[\fItty\-device\fR]
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsulogin\fR
+command is invoked by
+\fBinit\fR
+prior to allowing the user access to the system when in single user mode\&. This feature may only be available on certain systems where
+\fBinit\fR
+has been modified accordingly, or where the
+/etc/inittab
+has an entry for a single user login\&.
+.PP
+The user is prompted
+.PP
+Type control\-d to proceed with normal startup,
+(or give root password for system maintenance):
+.PP
+Input and output will be performed with the standard file descriptors unless the optional device name argument is provided\&.
+.PP
+If the user enters the correct root password, a login session is initiated\&. When
+\fIEOF\fR
+is pressed instead, the system enters multi\-user mode\&.
+.PP
+After the user exits the single\-user shell, or presses
+\fIEOF\fR, the system begins the initialization process required to enter multi\-user mode\&.
+.SH "ЗАСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ"
+.PP
+This command can only be used if
+\fBinit\fR
+has been modified to call
+\fBsulogin\fR
+instead of
+/bin/sh, or if the user has set the
+\fIinittab\fR
+to support a single user login\&. For example, the line:
+.PP
+co:s:respawn:/etc/sulogin /dev/console
+.PP
+should execute the sulogin command in single user mode\&.
+.PP
+As complete an environment as possible is created\&. However, various devices may be unmounted or uninitialized and many of the user commands may be unavailable or nonfunctional as a result\&.
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1),
+\fBinit\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/useradd.8 b/man/uk/man8/useradd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f92e73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/useradd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: useradd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди керування системою
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "useradd" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди керування системою"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+useradd \- створення запису користувача або оновлення відомостей щодо типового нового користувача
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR [\fIпараметри\fR] \fIЗАПИС\fR
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR \-D
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR \-D [\fIпараметри\fR]
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Якщо програму викликано без параметра
+\fB\-D\fR, команда
+\fBuseradd\fR
+створити обліковий запис користувача з використанням значень, які вказано у рядку команди, і значень, які є типовими для системи\&. Залежно від параметрів рядка команди, команда
+\fBuseradd\fR
+оновить файли системи і також може створити домашній каталог нового користувача і скопіювати туди початкові файли\&.
+.PP
+Типово, для нового користувача також буде створено його власну групу (див\&.
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR,
+\fB\-U\fR
+і
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR)\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBuseradd\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Дозволити назви, які не відповідають стандартам\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR \fIБАЗОВИЙ_КАТАЛОГ\fR
+.RS 4
+Типовий базовий каталог для системи, якщо не вказано
+\fB\-d\fR
+\fIДОМАШНІЙ_КАТАЛОГ\fR\&. Для визначення домашнього каталогу
+\fIБАЗОВИЙ_КАТАЛОГ\fR
+буде поєднано із назвою облікового запису\&.
+.sp
+Якщо цей параметр не вказано,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+використає базовий каталог, який вказано змінною
+\fBHOME\fR
+у
+/etc/default/useradd, або типовий каталог
+/home\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR \fIКОМЕНТАР\fR
+.RS 4
+Будь\-який рядок тексту\&. Зазвичай, це короткий опис облікового запису\&. У поточній версії використано як поле для повного імені користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\-dir\fR \fIДОМАШНІЙ_КАТАЛОГ\fR
+.RS 4
+Новий запис користувача буде створено з використанням
+\fIДОМАШНІЙ_КАТАЛОГ\fR, як значення для каталогу входу до системи користувача\&. Типовим значенням є дописування імені
+\fIЗАПИС\fR
+до
+\fIБАЗОВИЙ_КАТАЛОГ\fR
+і використання результату як назви каталогу облікового запису\&. Якщо каталогу
+\fIДОМАШНІЙ_КАТАЛОГ\fR
+не існує, його буде створено, якщо не вказано параметр
+\fB\-M\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-defaults\fR
+.RS 4
+Див\&. нижче, підрозділ \(FoЗміна типових значень\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR \fIДАТА_ЗАВЕРШЕННЯ_СТРОКУ_ДІЇ\fR
+.RS 4
+Дата, у яку буде вимкнено обліковий запис користувача\&. Дату вказують у форматі
+\fIРРРР\-ММ\-ДД\fR\&.
+.sp
+Якщо не вказано,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+використає типову дату строку дії, який вказано змінною
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+у
+/etc/default/useradd, або типовий порожній рядок (необмежений строк дії)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR \fIНЕАКТИВНИЙ\fR
+.RS 4
+Визначає кількість днів після перевищення паролем максимального віку, протягом яких система очікуватиме на заміну пароля користувачем\&. Значення зберігається у файлі паролів shadow\&. Вхідне значення 0 вимкне пароль, строк дії якого вичерпано, без затримки\&. Вхідне значення \-1 призведе до вилучення відповідного поля у файлі паролів shadow\&. Див\&.
+\fBshadow\fR(5), щоб дізнатися більше\&.
+.sp
+Якщо не вказано,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+використає типовий період неактивності, який вказано змінною
+\fBНЕАКТИВНИЙ\fR
+у
+/etc/default/useradd, або типове значення \-1\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subids\-for\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Update
+/etc/subuid
+and
+/etc/subgid
+even when creating a system account with
+\fB\-r\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR \fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+Назва або номер основної групи користувача\&. Відповідна група має існувати\&. Номер групи має вказувати на вже наявну групу\&.
+.sp
+If not specified, the behavior of
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will depend on the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&. If this variable is set to
+\fIyes\fR
+(or
+\fB\-U/\-\-user\-group\fR
+is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname\&. If the variable is set to
+\fIno\fR
+(or
+\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR
+is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or 1000 by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR \fIГРУПА1\fR[\fI,ГРУПА2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,ГРУПАN\fR]]]
+.RS 4
+Список додаткових груп, учасником яких також буде користувач\&. Групи у списку слід відокремлювати комою, без проміжного пробілу\&. Групи підлягатимуть тим самим обмеженням, що і група, яку задано параметром
+\fB\-g\fR\&. Типовою поведінкою є належність користувача лише до початкової групи\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-skel\fR \fISKEL_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Каркасний каталог, який містить файли і каталоги, які буде скопійовано до домашнього каталогу користувача, коли такий домашній каталог створюється командою
+\fBuseradd\fR\&.
+.sp
+Цей параметр є чинним, лише якщо вказано параметр
+\fB\-m\fR
+(або
+\fB\-\-create\-home\fR)\&.
+.sp
+Якщо не вказано цей параметр, каталог каркасних даних буде визначено змінною
+\fBSKEL\fR
+у
+/etc/default/useradd
+або, типово,
+/etc/skel\&.
+.sp
+Якщо можна, буде скопійовано ACL і розширені атрибути\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR \fIКЛЮЧ\fR=\fIЗНАЧЕННЯ\fR
+.RS 4
+Має пріоритет на типовими значеннями з
+/etc/login\&.defs
+(\fBUID_MIN\fR,
+\fBUID_MAX\fR,
+\fBUMASK\fR,
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR
+та іншими)\&.
+.sp
+Приклад: можна скористатися
+\fB\-K\fR
+\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR=\fI\-1\fR
+при створенні облікового запису для вимикання застарівання пароля\&. Може бути вказано декілька параметрів
+\fB\-K\fR\&. Приклад:
+\fB\-K\fR
+\fIUID_MIN\fR
+=\fI100\fR
+\fB\-K\fR
+\fIUID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-no\-log\-init\fR
+.RS 4
+Не додавати користувача до баз даних lastlog і faillog\&.
+.sp
+Типово, записи користувачів у базах даних lastlog і faillog буде скинуто до початкових даних, щоб уникнути повторного використання записів, які лишилися від раніше вилучених користувачів\&.
+.sp
+Якщо не вказано цей параметр,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+також врахує значення змінної
+\fBLOG_INIT\fR
+у
+/etc/default/useradd, якщо для неї встановлено значення no, запис користувача не буде додано до баз даних lastlog і faillog\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-create\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+Створити домашній каталог користувача, якщо такого ще не існує\&. До такого домашнього каталогу буде скопійовано файли і каталоги з каркасного каталогу (який можна визначити за допомогою параметра
+\fB\-k\fR)\&.
+.sp
+Типово, якщо цей параметр не вказано і не увімкнено
+\fBCREATE_HOME\fR, програма не створюватиме домашніх каталогів\&.
+.sp
+Каталог, де буде створено домашній каталог користувача, має існувати і мати належний контекст SELinux і права доступу\&. Якщо ці умови не буде виконано, програма не зможе створити домашній каталог користувача або створений каталог буде недоступним\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-no\-create\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+Do not create the user\*(Aqs home directory, even if the system wide setting from
+/etc/login\&.defs
+(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR) is set to
+\fIyes\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-no\-user\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Не створювати групи, назва якої збігається із назвою облікового запису користувача, а додати користувача до групи, яку вказано параметром
+\fB\-g\fR
+або змінною
+\fBGROUP\fR
+у
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.sp
+Типову поведінку (якщо не вказано параметрів
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR
+і
+\fB\-U\fR) буде визначено змінною
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+у
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+Дозволяє створення облікового запису із наявним UID\&.
+.sp
+Цей параметр можна використовувати лише у поєднанні із параметром
+\fB\-u\fR\&. Оскільки профіль користувача слугує ключем для прив\*(Aqязки користувачів до прав доступу, прав власності на файли та інших аспектів загальносистемної поведінки, доступ до облікового запису із заданим UID матимуть декілька облікових записів для входу до системи\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR \fIПАРОЛЬ\fR
+.RS 4
+визначає початковий пароль до облікового запису\&. ПАРОЛЬ має бути зашифровано у форматі, який повертає
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. У скрипті оболонки цей параметр надає змогу ефективно створювати записи користувачів у пакетному режимі\&.
+.sp
+Без цього параметра новий обліковий запис буде заблоковано; для нього також не буде визначено пароля, тобто у відповідному полі файла
+/etc/shadow\&. Це стан, у якому користувач не зможе отримати доступ до облікового запису або визначити пароль власноруч\&.
+.sp
+\fBЗауваження:\fR
+не рекомендуємо користуватися цим параметром у командному рядку, оскільки пароль (або шифрований пароль) буде видимим для користувачів, які мають доступ до списку процесів\&.
+.sp
+Вам слід переконатися, що пароль відповідає правилам складання паролів системи\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Створити загальносистемний обліковий запис\&.
+.sp
+Записи загальносистемних користувачів буде створено без даних щодо застарівання у
+/etc/shadow, а їхні числові ідентифікатори буде вибрано у діапазоні
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR, який визначено у
+/etc/login\&.defs, а не у
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
+(та їхніх відповідників
+\fBGID\fR
+для створення груп)\&.
+.sp
+Зауважте, що
+\fBuseradd\fR
+не створюватиме домашнього каталогу для такого користувача, незалежно від того, яким є типове значення параметра у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR)\&. вам слід вказати параметри
+\fB\-m\fR, якщо ви хочете, щоб для загальносистемного облікового запису було створено домашній каталог\&.
+.sp
+Note that this option will not update
+/etc/subuid
+and
+/etc/subgid\&. You have to specify the
+\fB\-F\fR
+options if you want to update the files for a system account to be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_ПРЕФІКСА\fR
+.RS 4
+Застосувати зміни до файлів налаштувань у кореневій файловій системі з каталогу
+\fIКАТАЛОГ_ПРЕФІКСА\fR\&. Використання цього параметра не змінює кореневої теки\&. Параметр призначено лише для приготування цілі для компіляції коду для іншої операційної системи\&. Обмеження: не буде виконано перевірку користувачів/груп NIS і LDAP\&. При розпізнаванні у PAM буде використано файли основної системи\&. Підтримки SELINUX не передбачено\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR \fIОБОЛОНКА\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the path to the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. Without this option, the system will use the
+\fBSHELL\fR
+variable specified in
+/etc/default/useradd, or, if that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in
+/etc/passwd
+remains empty\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR \fIUID\fR
+.RS 4
+Числове значення ідентифікатора користувача\&. Це значення має бути унікальним, якщо не використано параметр
+\fB\-o\fR\&. Значення має бути невід\*(Aqємним\&. Типово, буде використано найменше значення ідентифікатора, яке перевищує або дорівнює значенню
+\fBUID_MIN\fR
+і є більшим за значення для будь\-якого іншого користувача\&.
+.sp
+Див\&. також описи параметрів
+\fB\-r\fR
+і
+\fBUID_MAX\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-user\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Створити групу, назва якої збігається із назвою облікового запису користувача, додати користувача до цієї групи\&.
+.sp
+Типову поведінку (якщо не вказано параметрів
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR
+і
+\fB\-U\fR) буде визначено змінною
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+у
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR \fISEКОРИСТУВАЧ\fR
+.RS 4
+Визначає користувача SELinux для нового облікового запису\&. Без цього параметра, SELinux використає типового користувача\&. Зауважте, що система shadow не зберігає користувача selinux \(em для цього вона використовує
+\fBsemanage\fR(8)\&.
+.RE
+.SS "Зміна типових значень"
+.PP
+Якщо програму викликано лише з параметром
+\fB\-D\fR,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+виведе поточні типові значення\&. Якщо виклик відбувся з параметром
+\fB\-D\fR
+та іншими параметрами,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+оновить типові значення для вказаних параметрів\&. Коректними параметрами для зміни типових значень є такі:
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR \fIБАЗОВИЙ_КАТАЛОГ\fR
+.RS 4
+Встановлює префікс шляху для домашнього каталогу нового користувача\&. Назву облікового запису користувача буде дописано наприкінці
+\fIБАЗОВИЙ_КАТАЛОГ\fR
+для створення назви домашнього каталогу нового користувача, якщо під час створення облікового запису не було використано параметр
+\fB\-d\fR\&.
+.sp
+Цей параметр встановлює значення змінної
+\fBHOME\fR
+у
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR \fIДАТА_ЗАВЕРШЕННЯ_СТРОКУ_ДІЇ\fR
+.RS 4
+Встановлює дату вимикання новостворених облікових записів користувачів\&.
+.sp
+Цей параметр встановлює значення змінної
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+у
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR \fIНЕАКТИВНИЙ\fR
+.RS 4
+Визначає кількість днів після перевищення паролем максимального віку, протягом яких система очікуватиме на заміну пароля користувачем\&. Див\&.
+\fBshadow\fR(5), щоб дізнатися більше\&.
+.sp
+Цей параметр встановлює значення змінної
+\fBНЕАКТИВНИЙ\fR
+у
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR \fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+Встановлює типову основну групу для новостворених записів користувачів\&. Можна вказати назву групи або числовий ідентифікатор групи\&. Вказана за назвою група має існувати, а GID має бути наявним записом\&.
+.sp
+Цей параметр встановлює значення змінної
+\fBGROUP\fR
+у
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR \fIОБОЛОНКА\fR
+.RS 4
+Визначає типову оболонку входу для нових користувачів\&.
+.sp
+Цей параметр встановлює значення змінної
+\fBОБОЛОНКА\fR
+у
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ПРИМІТКИ"
+.PP
+За розташування типових файлів користувача у каталозі
+/etc/skel/
+(або будь\-якому іншому каркасному каталозі, який вказано у
+/etc/default/useradd
+або рядку команди) відповідає адміністратор системи\&.
+.SH "ЗАСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ"
+.PP
+Не можна додавати користувача до групи NIS або LDAP\&. Для таких груп цю дію має бути виконано на відповідному сервері\&.
+.PP
+Так само, якщо ім\*(Aqя користувача вже існує у зовнішній базі даних користувачів, зокрема NIS або LDAP,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+відмовить у запиті щодо створення облікового запису користувача\&.
+.PP
+Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the username\&. Fully numeric usernames and usernames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&. It is not recommended to use usernames beginning with \&. character as their home directories will be hidden in the
+\fBls\fR
+output\&.
+.PP
+Довжина імен користувачів не може перевищувати 32 символи\&.
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/default/useradd
+.RS 4
+Типові значення для створення облікового запису\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-post\&.d/*
+.RS 4
+Файли, які буде виконано під час додавання запису користувача\&. Змінну середовища
+\fBACTION\fR
+буде заповнено командою useradd, а змінну середовища
+\fBSUBJECT\fR
+\(em
+\fBкористувач\fR\&. Перед додаванням запису користувача буде виконано
+useradd\-pre\&.d\&. Після додавання запису користувача буде виконано
+useradd\-post\&.d\&. Якщо станом виходу зі скрипту буде ненульове значення, виконання дій буде перервано\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/skel/
+.RS 4
+Каталог, у якому містяться типові файли\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Окремі для користувачів ідентифікатори підлеглих груп\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Окремі для користувачів ідентифікатори підлеглих користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ЗНАЧЕННЯ ВИХОДУ"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBuseradd\fR
+завершує роботу із такими значеннями:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+успіх
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+не вдалося оновити файл паролів
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+некоректний синтаксис команди
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+некоректний аргумент параметра
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+UID вже використано (і не вказано
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+вказаної групи не існує
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+username or group name already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+не вдалося оновити файл груп
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+не вдалося створити домашній каталог
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI14\fR
+.RS 4
+не вдалося оновити прив\*(Aqязку користувача SELinux
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/userdel.8 b/man/uk/man8/userdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa40150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/userdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: userdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди керування системою
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "userdel" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди керування системою"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+userdel \- вилучення облікового запису користувача і пов\*(Aqязаних файлів
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBuserdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBuserdel\fR [параметри] \fIЗАПИС\fR
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBuserdel\fR
+вносить зміни до файлів загальносистемних облікових записів, вилучаючи усі записи, які стосуються імені користувача
+\fIЗАПИС\fR\&. Іменований запис користувача має існувати\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBuserdel\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+Цей параметр наказує програмі вилучити обліковий запис користувача, навіть якщо користувач усе ще працює у системі\&. Також він наказує
+\fBuserdel\fR
+вилучити домашній каталог користувача і поштовий буфер, навіть якщо цим домашнім каталогом користується інший користувач або якщо власником поштового буфера не є вказаний користувач\&. Якщо для
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+встановлено значення
+\fIтак\fR
+у
+/etc/login\&.defs, і якщо існує група із тією самою назвою, що і назва облікового запису, цю групу буде вилучено, навіть якщо вона все ще є основною групою іншого користувача\&.
+.sp
+\fIЗауваження:\fR
+цей параметр є небезпечним і може перевести вашу систему у неузгоджений стан\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+Файли у домашньому каталозі користувача буде вилучено разом з самим домашнім каталогом та поштовим буфером користувача\&. Файли у інших файлових системах слід знайти і вилучити вручну\&.
+.sp
+Поштовий буфер визначається змінною
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
+у файлі
+login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_ПРЕФІКСА\fR
+.RS 4
+Застосувати зміни до каталогу
+\fIКАТАЛОГ_ПРЕФІКСА\fR
+і використати файли налаштувань з каталогу
+\fIКАТАЛОГ_ПРЕФІКСА\fR\&. Використання цього параметра не змінює кореневої теки\&. Параметр призначено лише для приготування цілі для компіляції коду для іншої операційної системи\&. Обмеження: не буде виконано перевірку користувачів/груп NIS і LDAP\&. При розпізнаванні у PAM буде використано файли основної системи\&. Підтримки SELINUX не передбачено\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR
+.RS 4
+Вилучити усі прив\*(Aqязки до користувача SELinux для облікового запису користувача для входу до системи\&.
+.RE
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-post\&.d/*
+.RS 4
+Файли, які буде виконано під час вилучення запису користувача\&. Змінну середовища
+\fBACTION\fR
+буде заповнено командами
+\fBuserdel\fR
+і
+\fBSUBJECT\fR
+з іменем користувача\&. Перед вилученням запису користувача буде виконано
+userdel\-pre\&.d\&. Після додавання запису користувача буде виконано
+userdel\-post\&.d\&. Якщо станом виходу зі скрипту буде ненульове значення, виконання дій буде перервано\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Окремі для користувачів ідентифікатори підлеглих груп\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Окремі для користувачів ідентифікатори підлеглих користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ЗНАЧЕННЯ ВИХОДУ"
+.PP
+Команда
+\fBuserdel\fR
+завершує роботу із такими значеннями:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+успіх
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+не вдалося оновити файл паролів
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+некоректний синтаксис команди
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+вказаного запису користувача не існує
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+поточний користувач системи
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+не вдалося оновити файл груп
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+не вдалося вилучити домашній каталог
+.RE
+.SH "ЗАСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ"
+.PP
+\fBuserdel\fR
+не дозволить вам вилучити обліковий запис, якщо цьому обліковому запису належать якісь запущені процеси\&. У випадку наявності таких процесів ви можете завершити їх роботу або заблокувати пароль чи обліковий запис користувача і вилучити обліковий запис пізніше\&. Виконати вилучення цього облікового запису у примусовому режимі можна за допомогою параметра
+\fB\-f\fR\&.
+.PP
+Вам слід виконати перевірку усіх файлових систем вручну, щоб переконатися, щоб не лишилося жодних файлів, які належать цьому користувачу\&.
+.PP
+Ви не зможете вилучити атрибути NIS з клієнта NIS\&. Виконати це завдання можна лише на сервері NIS\&.
+.PP
+Якщо для
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+встановлено значення
+\fIтак\fR
+у
+/etc/login\&.defs,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+вилучить групу, яка має назву, що збігається із назвою облікового запису користувача\&. Щоб уникнути неузгодженостей у базах даних passwd і груп,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+виконає перевірку того, чи не використовується ця група як основна група іншого користувача\&. Якщо використовується, програма попередить вас без вилучення групи\&. Примусово вилучити цю групу можна за допомогою параметра
+\fB\-f\fR\&.
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/usermod.8 b/man/uk/man8/usermod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40151ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/usermod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: usermod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди керування системою
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "usermod" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди керування системою"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+usermod \- зміна облікового запису користувача
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBusermod\fR\ 'u
+\fBusermod\fR [\fIпараметри\fR] \fIЗАПИС\fR
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+\fBusermod\fR
+вносить зміни до файлів загальносистемних облікових записів\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команди
+\fBusermod\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR
+.RS 4
+Додати користувача до допоміжних груп\&. Використовуйте лише у поєднанні з параметром
+\fB\-G\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-badname\fR
+.RS 4
+Дозволити назви, які не відповідають стандартам\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR \fIКОМЕНТАР\fR
+.RS 4
+Оновити поле коментаря для запису користувача у
+/etc/passwd, зміни до якого, зазвичай, вносять за допомогою допоміжного засобу
+\fBchfn\fR(1)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\fR \fIДОМАШНІЙ_КАТАЛОГ\fR
+.RS 4
+Новий каталог користувача для облікового запису входу до системи\&.
+.sp
+Якщо вказано параметр
+\fB\-m\fR, вміст поточного домашнього каталогу буде пересунуто до нового домашнього каталогу, який буде створено, якщо його ще не існує\&. Якщо поточного домашнього каталогу не існує, новий домашній каталог створено не буде\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR \fIДАТА_ЗАВЕРШЕННЯ_СТРОКУ_ДІЇ\fR
+.RS 4
+Дата, у яку буде вимкнено обліковий запис користувача\&. Дату вказують у форматі
+\fIРРРР\-ММ\-ДД\fR\&. Цілі вхідні числа буде оброблено як дні після 1 січня 1970 року\&.
+.sp
+Вхідне значення \-1 або порожній рядок призведуть до вилучення вмісту поля строку дії облікового запису у файлі паролів shadow\&. Обліковий запис лишиться доступним, але без обмеження за датами\&.
+.sp
+Цей параметр потребує файла
+/etc/shadow\&. Запис
+/etc/shadow
+буде створено, якщо такого ще немає\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR \fIНЕАКТИВНИЙ\fR
+.RS 4
+Визначає період у кількості днів після перевищення максимального віку, протягом якого користувач усе ще матиме змогу увійти до системи з негайною зміною пароля\&. Цей період лояльності до того, як обліковий запис стане неактивним, зберігається у файлі прихованих паролів (shadow)\&. Вхідне значення 0 означає негайне вимикання пароля, строк дії якого вичерпано\&. Вхідне значення \-1 призведе до вилучення вмісту відповідного поля у файлі прихованих паролів (shadow)\&. Див\&.
+\fBshadow\fR(5), щоб дізнатися більше\&.
+.sp
+Цей параметр потребує файла
+/etc/shadow\&. Запис
+/etc/shadow
+буде створено, якщо такого ще немає\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR \fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+Назва або числовий ідентифікатор нової основної групи користувача\&. Група має існувати\&.
+.sp
+Власником будь\-якого файла з домашнього каталогу користувача, власником якого була попередня основна група користувача, буде ця нова група\&.
+.sp
+Права власності на файли поза домашнім каталогом користувача має бути виправлено вручну\&.
+.sp
+Зміну групи\-власника для файлів у домашньому каталозі користувача також не буде виконано, якщо uid власника домашнього каталогу відрізняється від ідентифікатора поточного або нового користувача\&. Це захід безпеки для особливих домашніх каталогів, зокрема
+/\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR \fIГРУПА1\fR[\fI,ГРУПА2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,ГРУПАN\fR]]]
+.RS 4
+Список допоміжних груп, учасником яких є користувач\&. Записи у списку слід відокремлювати комами, без проміжного пробілу\&. Групи мають існувати\&.
+.sp
+Якщо користувач у поточний момент є учасником групи, якої немає у списку, його запис буде вилучено з цієї групи\&. Змінити цю поведінку можна за допомогою параметра
+\fB\-a\fR, який дописує запис користувача до поточного списку допоміжних груп\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR \fIНОВИЙ_ЗАПИС\fR
+.RS 4
+Ім\*(Aqя користувача буде змінено з
+\fIЗАПИС\fR
+на
+\fIНОВИЙ_ЗАПИС\fR\&. Нічого, окрім цього, змінено не буде\&. Зокрема, ймовірно, назву домашнього каталогу користувача та поштового буфера доведеться змінювати вручну, щоб синхронізувати їх із новою назвою облікового запису для входу до системи\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
+.RS 4
+Заблокувати пароль користувача\&. У відповідь на команду програма допише \(Fo!\(Fc перед зашифрованим паролем, фактично, вимкнувши пароль\&. Цей параметр не можна поєднувати з
+\fB\-p\fR
+та
+\fB\-U\fR\&.
+.sp
+Зауваження: якщо ви хочете заблокувати обліковий запис (а не лише доступ за допомогою пароля), вам також слід встановити для
+\fIДАТА_ЗАВЕРШЕННЯ_СТРОКУ_ДІЇ\fR
+значення
+\fI1\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-move\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+Пересуває вміст домашнього каталогу користувача у нове місце\&. Якщо поточного домашнього каталогу не існує, буде створено новий домашній каталог\&.
+.sp
+Цей параметр є чинним, лише у поєднанні із параметром
+\fB\-d\fR
+(або
+\fB\-\-home\fR)\&.
+.sp
+\fBusermod\fR
+спробує адаптувати права власності на файли і скопіювати режими доступу, ACL та розширені атрибути, але згодом може знадобитися внесення змін вручну\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+Дозволяє зміну ідентифікатора користувача на неунікальне значення\&.
+.sp
+Цей параметр можна використовувати лише у поєднанні із параметром
+\fB\-u\fR\&. Оскільки профіль користувача слугує ключем для прив\*(Aqязки користувачів до прав доступу, прав власності на файли та інших аспектів загальносистемної поведінки, доступ до облікового запису із заданим UID матимуть декілька облікових записів для входу до системи\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR \fIПАРОЛЬ\fR
+.RS 4
+Визначає новий пароль до облікового запису користувача\&. ПАРОЛЬ має бути зашифровано у форматі, який повертає
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBЗауваження:\fR
+не рекомендуємо користуватися цим параметром у командному рядку, оскільки пароль (або шифрований пароль) буде видимим для користувачів, які мають доступ до списку процесів\&.
+.sp
+Вам слід переконатися, що пароль відповідає правилам складання паролів системи\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+Вилучити користувача з іменованих допоміжних груп\&. Використовуйте лише у поєднанні з параметром
+\fB\-G\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_ПРЕФІКСА\fR
+.RS 4
+Застосувати зміни в ієрархії каталогів, що починається з
+\fIКАТАЛОГ_ПРЕФІКСА\fR
+і використати також файли налаштувань, які там зберігаються\&. Використання цього параметра не змінює кореневої теки\&. Параметр призначено лише для приготування цілі для компіляції коду для іншої операційної системи\&. Обмеження: не буде виконано перевірку користувачів/груп NIS і LDAP\&. При розпізнаванні у PAM буде використано файли основної системи\&. Підтримки SELINUX не передбачено\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR \fIОБОЛОНКА\fR
+.RS 4
+Змінює оболонку для входу до системи користувача\&. Визначення порожнього рядка для ОБОЛОНКИ вилучає вміст поля у
+/etc/passwd
+і виконає вхід користувача до типової оболонки системи\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR \fIUID\fR
+.RS 4
+Нове значення ідентифікатора користувача\&.
+.sp
+Це значення має бути унікальним, якщо не використано параметр
+\fB\-o\fR\&. Значення має бути невід\*(Aqємним\&.
+.sp
+Ідентифікатори користувача файла поштової скриньки користувача і усіх файлів, власником яких є користувач і які зберігаються у домашньому каталозі користувача, буде змінено автоматично\&.
+.sp
+Права власності на файли поза домашнім каталогом користувача має бути виправлено вручну\&.
+.sp
+Зміну користувача\-власника для файлів у домашньому каталозі користувача також не буде виконано, якщо uid власника домашнього каталогу відрізняється від ідентифікатора поточного або нового користувача\&. Це захід безпеки для особливих домашніх каталогів, зокрема
+/\&.
+.sp
+Перевірок щодо
+\fBUID_MIN\fR,
+\fBUID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR
+або
+\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+з
+/etc/login\&.defs
+виконано не буде\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
+.RS 4
+Розблокувати пароль користувача\&. У відповідь на команду програма вилучить \(Fo!\(Fc перед зашифрованим паролем\&. Цей параметр не можна поєднувати з
+\fB\-p\fR
+та
+\fB\-L\fR\&.
+.sp
+Зауваження: якщо ви хочете розблокувати обліковий запис (а не лише доступ за допомогою пароля), вам також слід встановити значення для
+\fIДАТА_ЗАВЕРШЕННЯ_СТРОКУ_ДІЇ\fR
+(наприклад,
+\fI99999\fR
+або значення
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+з
+/etc/default/useradd)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR \fIПЕРШИЙ\fR\-\fIОСТАННІЙ\fR
+.RS 4
+Додати діапазон підлеглих UID до облікового запису користувача\&.
+.sp
+Цей параметр можна вказувати декілька разів у одній команді, щоб додати декілька діапазонів до облікового запису користувача\&.
+.sp
+Перевірок щодо
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR
+та
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+з /etc/login\&.defs не виконуватиметься\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR \fIПЕРШИЙ\fR\-\fIОСТАННІЙ\fR
+.RS 4
+Вилучити діапазон підлеглих UID з облікового запису користувача\&.
+.sp
+Цей параметр можна вказати декілька разів, щоб вилучити декілька діапазонів з облікового запису користувача\&. Якщо вказано одразу
+\fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR
+і
+\fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR, вилучення усіх підлеглих діапазонів UID станеться до додавання будь\-яких підлеглих UID\&.
+.sp
+Перевірок щодо
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR
+та
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+з /etc/login\&.defs не виконуватиметься\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR \fIПЕРШИЙ\fR\-\fIОСТАННІЙ\fR
+.RS 4
+Додати діапазон підлеглих GID до облікового запису користувача\&.
+.sp
+Цей параметр можна вказувати декілька разів у одній команді, щоб додати декілька діапазонів до облікового запису користувача\&.
+.sp
+Перевірок щодо
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR
+та
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+з /etc/login\&.defs не виконуватиметься\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR \fIПЕРШИЙ\fR\-\fIОСТАННІЙ\fR
+.RS 4
+Вилучити діапазон підлеглих GID з облікового запису користувача\&.
+.sp
+Цей параметр можна вказати декілька разів, щоб вилучити декілька діапазонів з облікового запису користувача\&. Якщо вказано одразу
+\fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR
+і
+\fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR, вилучення усіх підлеглих діапазонів GID станеться до додавання будь\-яких підлеглих GID\&.
+.sp
+Перевірок щодо
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR
+та
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+з /etc/login\&.defs не виконуватиметься\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR \fISEКОРИСТУВАЧ\fR
+.RS 4
+Визначає пов\*(Aqязаного користувача SELinux за допомогою
+\fIЗАПИС\fR\&. Якщо вказати порожній рядок (""), відповідний запис (якщо такий був) буде вилучено\&. Зауважте, що система shadow не зберігає користувача selinux, а використовує для цього semanage(8)\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ЗАСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ"
+.PP
+Вам слід переконатися, що від імені вказаного користувача не виконується жодних процесів на момент віддання цієї команди, якщо вносяться зміни до числового ідентифікатора користувача, імені користувача або домашнього каталогу користувача\&. У Linux перевірку цього виконує
+\fBusermod\fR\&. У інших операційних системах програма використовує лише utmp для перевірки того, чи увійшов користувач до системи\&.
+.PP
+Вам слід змінити власника усіх файлів
+\fBcrontab\fR
+або завдань
+\fBat\fR
+вручну\&.
+.PP
+Вам слід внести усі зміни щодо NIS на сервері NIS\&.
+.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
+.PP
+Вказані нижче змінні налаштувань у
+/etc/login\&.defs
+змінюють поведінку цього інструмента:
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо груп облікових записів
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Окремі для користувачів ідентифікатори підлеглих груп
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Окремі для користувачів ідентифікатори підлеглих користувачів
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/vigr.8 b/man/uk/man8/vigr.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff72d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/vigr.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/vipw.8
diff --git a/man/uk/man8/vipw.8 b/man/uk/man8/vipw.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d92de3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/uk/man8/vipw.8
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: vipw
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Команди керування системою
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Ukrainian
+.\"
+.TH "vipw" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команди керування системою"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "НАЗВА"
+vipw, vigr \- редагування файла паролів, груп, прихованих паролів та прихованих груп
+.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
+.HP \w'\fBvipw\fR\ 'u
+\fBvipw\fR [\fIпараметри\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBvigr\fR\ 'u
+\fBvigr\fR [\fIпараметри\fR]
+.SH "ОПИС"
+.PP
+Команди
+\fBvipw\fR
+і
+\fBvigr\fR
+призначено для редагування файлів
+/etc/passwd
+і
+/etc/group, відповідно\&. З прапорцем
+\fB\-s\fR
+вони відкриватимуть shadow\-версії цих файлів,
+/etc/shadow
+і
+/etc/gshadow, відповідно\&. Ці програми встановлюють відповідні блокування для запобігання пошкодженню файлів\&. При пошуку редактора програми спочатку намагатимуться скористатися вмістом змінної середовища
+\fB$VISUAL\fR, потім змінної середовища
+\fB$EDITOR\fR, і нарешті, типовим редактором,
+\fBvi\fR(1)\&.
+.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
+.PP
+Параметри, які застосовують до команд
+\fBvipw\fR
+і
+\fBvigr\fR, є такими:
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Редагувати базу даних груп\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR
+.RS 4
+Редагувати базу даних passwd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Режим без повідомлень\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fIКАТАЛОГ_CHROOT\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR
+.RS 4
+Редагувати базу даних shadow або gshadow\&.
+.RE
+.SH "СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ"
+.PP
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+.RS 4
+Редактор, яким слід скористатися\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBEDITOR\fR
+.RS 4
+Редактор, яким слід скористатися, що не встановлено значення
+\fBVISUAL\fR\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених груп облікових записів\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
+.PP
+\fBvi\fR(1),
+\fBгрупа\fR(5),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5)
+,
+\fBpasswd\fR(5), ,
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/useradd.8.xml b/man/useradd.8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a36db79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/useradd.8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,920 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY CREATE_HOME           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CREATE_HOME.xml">
+<!ENTITY GID_MAX               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/GID_MAX.xml">
+<!ENTITY HOME_MODE             SYSTEM "login.defs.d/HOME_MODE.xml">
+<!ENTITY LASTLOG_UID_MAX       SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LASTLOG_UID_MAX.xml">
+<!ENTITY MAIL_DIR              SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAIL_DIR.xml">
+<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_MAX_DAYS         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_MIN_DAYS         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml">
+<!ENTITY PASS_WARN_AGE         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_WARN_AGE.xml">
+<!ENTITY SUB_GID_COUNT         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SUB_GID_COUNT.xml">
+<!ENTITY SUB_UID_COUNT         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SUB_UID_COUNT.xml">
+<!ENTITY SYS_GID_MAX           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYS_GID_MAX.xml">
+<!ENTITY SYS_UID_MAX           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYS_UID_MAX.xml">
+<!ENTITY UID_MAX               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/UID_MAX.xml">
+<!ENTITY UMASK                 SYSTEM "login.defs.d/UMASK.xml">
+<!ENTITY TCB_AUTH_GROUP        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TCB_AUTH_GROUP.xml">
+<!ENTITY TCB_SYMLINKS          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TCB_SYMLINKS.xml">
+<!ENTITY USE_TCB               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml">
+<!ENTITY USERGROUPS_ENAB       SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USERGROUPS_ENAB.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='useradd.8'>
+  <!--  $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>useradd</refname>
+    <refpurpose>create a new user or update default new user information</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>useradd</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<replaceable>options</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='plain'><replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable></arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>useradd</command>
+      <arg choice='plain'>-D </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>useradd</command>
+      <arg choice='plain'>-D </arg>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<replaceable>options</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+      <para>
+	When invoked without the <option>-D</option> option, the
+	<command>useradd</command> command creates a new user account using
+	the values specified on the command line plus the default values from
+	the system. Depending on command line options, the
+	<command>useradd</command> command
+	will update system files and may also create the new user's home
+	directory and copy initial files.
+      </para>
+      <para>
+	By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see
+	<option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option>, <option>-U</option>, and
+	<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option>).
+      </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>The options which apply to the <command>useradd</command> command are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>--badname</option>&nbsp;
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+        Allow names that do not conform to standards.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-b</option>, <option>--base-dir</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    The default base directory for the system if
+	    <option>-d</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>
+	    is not specified.  <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> is
+	    concatenated with the account name to define the home
+	    directory.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If this option is not specified, <command>useradd</command>
+	    will use the base directory specified by the
+	    <option>HOME</option> variable in
+	    <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or
+	    <filename>/home</filename> by default.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>COMMENT</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Any text string. It is generally a short description of the
+	    account, and is currently used as the field for the user's full
+	    name.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    The new user will be created using
+	    <replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> as the value for the
+	    user's login directory. The default is to append the
+	    <replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> name to
+	    <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> and use that as the
+	    login directory name.  If the directory
+	    <replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> does not exist, then
+	    it will be created unless the <option>-M</option> option
+	    is specified.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-D</option>, <option>--defaults</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    See below, the subsection "Changing the default values".
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is
+	    specified in the format <emphasis remap='I'>YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the
+	    default expiry date specified by the <option>EXPIRE</option>
+	    variable in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or
+	    an empty string (no expiry) by default.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+            defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum
+            age where the user is expected to replace this password. The value
+            is stored in the shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an
+            expired password with no delay. An input of -1 will blank the
+            respective field in the shadow password file. See <citerefentry>
+	    <refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+            </citerefentry>for more information.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the
+	    default inactivity period specified by the
+	    <option>INACTIVE</option> variable in
+	    <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or -1 by default.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-F</option>, <option>--add-subids-for-system</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Update <filename>/etc/subuid</filename> and <filename>
+	    /etc/subgid</filename> even when creating a system account
+	    with <option>-r</option> option.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    The name or the number of the user's primary group. The
+	    group name must exist. A group number must refer to an already
+	    existing group.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If not specified, the behavior of <command>useradd</command>
+	    will depend on the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> variable
+	    in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>. If this variable is
+	    set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable> (or
+	    <option>-U/--user-group</option> is specified on the command
+	    line), a group will be created for the user, with the same
+	    name as her loginname. If the variable is set to
+	    <replaceable>no</replaceable> (or
+	    <option>-N/--no-user-group</option> is specified on the
+	    command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new
+	    user to the value specified by the <option>GROUP</option>
+	    variable in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or
+	    1000 by default.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP1</replaceable>[<emphasis remap='I'>,GROUP2,...</emphasis>[<emphasis remap='I'>,GROUPN</emphasis>]]]
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member
+	    of. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no
+	    intervening whitespace. The groups are subject to the same
+	    restrictions as the group given with the <option>-g</option>
+	    option. The default is for the user to belong only to the
+	    initial group.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-k</option>, <option>--skel</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SKEL_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories
+	    to be copied in the user's home directory, when the home
+	    directory is created by <command>useradd</command>.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    This option is only valid if the <option>-m</option> (or
+	    <option>--create-home</option>) option is specified.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined
+	    by the <option>SKEL</option> variable in
+	    <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> or, by default,
+	    <filename>/etc/skel</filename>.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If possible, the ACLs and extended attributes are copied.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults
+	    (<option>UID_MIN</option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>,
+	    <option>UMASK</option>, <option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option>
+	    and others).
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Example:
+	    <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PASS_MAX_DAYS
+	    </replaceable>=<replaceable>-1</replaceable> can be used
+	    when creating an account to turn off password aging.
+	    Multiple <option>-K</option> options can be specified,
+	    e.g.:
+	    <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</replaceable>
+	    =<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;<option>-K</option>&nbsp;
+	    <replaceable>UID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>
+	  </para>
+	  <!--para>
+	    Note: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID_MIN</replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>UID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>
+	    doesn't work yet.
+	  </para-->
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-l</option>, <option>--no-log-init</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Do not add the user to the lastlog and faillog databases.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog
+	    databases are reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously
+	    deleted user.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If this option is not specified, <command>useradd</command>
+	    will also consult the variable <option>LOG_INIT</option> in
+	    the <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> if set to no
+		the user will not be added to the lastlog and faillog databases.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. 
+	    The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory
+	    (which can be defined with the <option>-k</option> option)
+	    will be copied to the home directory.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    By default, if this option is not specified and
+	    <option>CREATE_HOME</option> is not enabled, no home
+	    directories are created.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The directory where the user's home directory is created must
+	    exist and have proper SELinux context and permissions. Otherwise
+	    the user's home directory cannot be created or accessed.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	 <option>-M</option>, <option>--no-create-home</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Do not create the user's home directory, even if the system
+	    wide setting from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>
+	    (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>) is set to
+	    <replaceable>yes</replaceable>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-N</option>, <option>--no-user-group</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but
+	    add the user to the group specified by the <option>-g</option>
+	    option or by the <option>GROUP</option> variable in
+	    <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The default behavior (if the <option>-g</option>,
+	    <option>-N</option>, and <option>-U</option> options are not
+	    specified) is defined by the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option>
+	    variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    allows the creation of an account with an already existing
+	    UID.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    This option is only valid in combination with the
+	    <option>-u</option> option. As a user identity
+	    serves as
+	    key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file
+	    ownerships and other aspects that determine the system's
+	    behavior on the other hand, more than one login name
+	    will access the account of the given UID.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PASSWORD</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    defines an initial password for the account. PASSWORD is expected to
+	    be encrypted, as returned by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt
+	    </refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Within a
+	    shell script, this option allows to create efficiently
+	    batches of users.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+            Without this option, the new account will be locked and
+            with no password defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark
+            in the respective field of
+            <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. This is a state where the
+            user won't be able to access the account or to define a
+            password himself.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    <emphasis role="bold">Note:</emphasis>Avoid this option on the command  
+	     line because the password (or encrypted password) will
+	    be visible by users listing the processes.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    You should make sure the password respects the system's
+	    password policy.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-r</option>, <option>--system</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Create a system account.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    System users will be created with no aging information in
+	    <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>, and their numeric
+	    identifiers are chosen in the
+	    <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>
+	    range, defined in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, instead of
+	    <option>UID_MIN</option>-<option>UID_MAX</option> (and their
+	    <option>GID</option> counterparts for the creation of groups).
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Note that <command>useradd</command> will not create a home
+	    directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting
+	    in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>
+	    (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>). You have to specify the
+	    <option>-m</option> options if you want a home directory for a
+	    system account to be created.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Note that this option will not update <filename>/etc/subuid
+	    </filename> and <filename>/etc/subgid</filename>. You have to
+	    specify the <option>-F</option> options if you want to update
+	    the files for a system account to be created.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-P</option>, <option>--prefix</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem
+	    found under the directory <replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable>.
+	    This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation
+	    target.  Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are
+	    not verified.  PAM authentication is using the host files.
+	    No SELINUX support.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+            sets the path to the user's login shell. Without this option,
+            the system will use the <option>SHELL</option> variable specified
+	    in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or, if that is as
+	    well not set, the field for the login shell in <filename>/etc/passwd
+	    </filename> remains empty.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique,
+	    unless the <option>-o</option> option is used. The value must be
+	    non-negative. The default is to use the smallest ID value
+	    greater than or equal to <option>UID_MIN</option> and greater
+	    than every other user.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    See also the <option>-r</option> option and the
+	    <option>UID_MAX</option> description.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-U</option>, <option>--user-group</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Create a group with the same name as the user, and
+	    add the user to this group.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The default behavior (if the <option>-g</option>,
+	    <option>-N</option>, and <option>-U</option> options are not
+	    specified) is defined by the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option>
+	    variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    defines the SELinux user for the new account. Without this
+	    option, a SELinux uses the default user. Note that the
+	    shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses
+	    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>semanage</refentrytitle>
+	    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for that.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+
+    <refsect2 id='changing_the_default_values'>
+      <title>Changing the default values</title>
+      <para>
+	When invoked with only the <option>-D</option> option,
+	<command>useradd</command> will display the current default values.
+	When invoked with <option>-D</option> plus other options,
+	<command>useradd</command> will update the default values for the
+	specified options. Valid default-changing options are:
+      </para>
+      <variablelist remap='IP'>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term>
+	    <option>-b</option>, <option>--base-dir</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable>
+	  </term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>
+	      sets the path prefix for a new user's home directory. The
+	      user's name will be affixed to the end of
+	      <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> to form the new user's
+	      home directory name, if the <option>-d</option> option is not used
+	      when creating a new account.
+	    </para>
+	    <para>
+	      This option sets the <option>HOME</option> variable in
+	      <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>.
+	    </para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term>
+	    <option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>
+	  </term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled.</para>
+	    <para>
+	      This option sets the <option>EXPIRE</option> variable in
+	      <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>.
+	    </para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term>
+	    <option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>
+	  </term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>
+              defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum
+              age where the user is expected to replace this password. See <citerefentry>
+	      <refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+              </citerefentry>for more information.
+	    </para>
+	    <para>
+	      This option sets the <option>INACTIVE</option> variable in
+	      <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>.
+	    </para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term>
+	    <option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP</replaceable>
+	  </term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>sets the default primary group for newly created users,
+	      accepting group names or a numerical group ID. The named
+	      group must exist, and the GID must have an
+	      existing entry.
+	    </para>
+	    <para>
+	      This option sets the <option>GROUP</option> variable in
+	      <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>.
+	    </para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term>
+	    <option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</replaceable>
+	  </term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>
+	      defines the default login shell for new users.
+	    </para>
+	    <para>
+	      This option sets the <option>SHELL</option> variable in
+	      <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>.
+	    </para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+
+    </refsect2>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='notes'>
+    <title>NOTES</title>
+    <para>The system administrator is responsible for placing the default
+      user files in the <filename>/etc/skel/</filename> directory (or any
+      other skeleton directory specified in
+      <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> or on the command line).
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='caveats'>
+    <title>CAVEATS</title>
+    <para>
+      You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group. This must be
+      performed on the corresponding server.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user
+      database such as NIS or LDAP, <command>useradd</command> will deny
+      the user account creation request.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+      Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits,
+      underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign.
+
+      Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the username.
+      Fully numeric usernames and usernames . or .. are
+      also disallowed. It is not recommended to use usernames beginning
+      with . character as their home directories will be hidden in
+      the <command>ls</command> output.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &CREATE_HOME;
+      &GID_MAX; <!-- documents also GID_MIN -->
+      &HOME_MODE;
+      &LASTLOG_UID_MAX;
+      &MAIL_DIR;
+      &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
+      &PASS_MAX_DAYS;
+      &PASS_MIN_DAYS;
+      &PASS_WARN_AGE;
+      &SUB_GID_COUNT; <!-- documents also SUB_GID_MAX and SUB_GID_MIN -->
+      &SUB_UID_COUNT; <!-- documents also SUB_UID_MAX and SUB_UID_MIN -->
+      &SYS_GID_MAX; <!-- documents also SYS_GID_MIN -->
+      &SYS_UID_MAX; <!-- documents also SYS_UID_MIN -->
+      &TCB_AUTH_GROUP;
+      &TCB_SYMLINKS;
+      &UID_MAX; <!-- documents also UID_MIN -->
+      &UMASK;
+      &USE_TCB;
+      &USERGROUPS_ENAB;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure user account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="gshadow">
+	<term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Default values for account creation.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-pre.d/*</filename>, <filename>/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-post.d/*</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Run-part files to execute during user addition. The environment variable <command>ACTION</command> will be populated with useradd and <command>SUBJECT</command> with the <command>username</command>. <filename>useradd-pre.d</filename> will be executed prior to any user addition. <filename>useradd-post.d</filename> will execute after user addition. If a script exits non-zero then execution will terminate.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/skel/</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Directory containing default files.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="subids">
+	<term><filename>/etc/subgid</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Per user subordinate group IDs.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="subids">
+	<term><filename>/etc/subuid</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Per user subordinate user IDs.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='exit_values'>
+    <title>EXIT VALUES</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>useradd</command> command exits with the following values:
+      <variablelist>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>0</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>success</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>1</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>can't update password file</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>2</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>invalid command syntax</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>3</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>invalid argument to option</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>4</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>UID already in use (and no <option>-o</option>)</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>6</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>specified group doesn't exist</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>9</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>username or group name already in use</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>10</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>can't update group file</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>12</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>can't create home directory</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>14</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>can't update SELinux user mapping</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <phrase condition="subids">
+	<citerefentry>
+	  <refentrytitle>subgid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+	</citerefentry>,
+	<citerefentry>
+	  <refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+	</citerefentry>,
+      </phrase>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/userdel.8.xml b/man/userdel.8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5bd2981
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/userdel.8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY MAIL_DIR              SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAIL_DIR.xml">
+<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
+<!ENTITY TCB_SYMLINKS          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TCB_SYMLINKS.xml">
+<!ENTITY USE_TCB               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml">
+<!ENTITY USERDEL_CMD           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USERDEL_CMD.xml">
+<!ENTITY USERGROUPS_ENAB       SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USERGROUPS_ENAB.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='userdel.8'>
+  <!-- $Id$ -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>userdel</refname>
+    <refpurpose>delete a user account and related files</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>userdel</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>options</arg>
+      <arg choice='plain'>
+	<replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>userdel</command> command modifies the system account
+      files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name <emphasis
+      remap='I'>LOGIN</emphasis>. The named user must exist.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>userdel</command> command are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the
+	    user is still
+	    logged in. It also forces <command>userdel</command> to remove
+	    the user's home directory and mail spool, even if another
+	    user uses the same home directory or if the mail spool is not
+	    owned by the specified user.  If
+	    <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> is defined to <emphasis
+	    remap='I'>yes</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>
+	    and if a group exists with the same name as the deleted user,
+	    then this group will be removed, even if it is still the primary
+	    group of another user.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    <emphasis>Note:</emphasis> This option is dangerous and may leave
+	    your system in an inconsistent state.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
+          <listitem>
+	    <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	  </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Files in the user's home directory will be removed along with
+	    the home directory itself and the user's mail spool. Files
+	    located in other file systems will have to be searched for and
+	    deleted manually.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The mail spool is defined by the <option>MAIL_DIR</option>
+	    variable in the <filename>login.defs</filename> file.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-P</option>, <option>--prefix</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+		This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing 
+		a cross-compilation target.
+		Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified.
+		PAM authentication is using the host files.
+		No SELINUX support.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user's login.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &MAIL_DIR; <!-- documents also MAIL_FILE -->
+      &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
+      &TCB_SYMLINKS;
+      &USE_TCB;
+      &USERDEL_CMD;
+      &USERGROUPS_ENAB;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure user account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-pre.d/*</filename>, <filename>/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-post.d/*</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Run-part files to execute during user deletion. The environment variable <command>ACTION</command> will be populated with <command>userdel</command> and <command>SUBJECT</command> with the username. <filename>userdel-pre.d</filename> will be executed prior to any user deletion. <filename>userdel-post.d</filename> will execute after user deletion. If a script exits non-zero then execution will terminate.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="subids">
+	<term><filename>/etc/subgid</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Per user subordinate group IDs.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="subids">
+	<term><filename>/etc/subuid</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Per user subordinate user IDs.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='exit_values'>
+    <title>EXIT VALUES</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>userdel</command> command exits with the following values:
+      <variablelist>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>0</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>success</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>1</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>can't update password file</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>2</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>invalid command syntax</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>6</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>specified user doesn't exist</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>8</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>user currently logged in</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>10</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>can't update group file</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry>
+	  <term><replaceable>12</replaceable></term>
+	  <listitem>
+	    <para>can't remove home directory</para>
+	  </listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='caveats'>
+    <title>CAVEATS</title>
+    <para>
+      <command>userdel</command> will not allow you to remove an account if
+      there are running processes which belong to this account. In that
+      case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user's
+      password or account and remove the account later. The
+      <option>-f</option> option can force the deletion of this account.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files
+      remain owned by this user.
+    </para>
+    <para>You may not remove any NIS attributes on a NIS client. This must
+      be performed on the NIS server.
+    </para>
+    <para>If <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> is defined to <emphasis
+      remap='I'>yes</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>,
+      <command>userdel</command> will delete the group with the same name
+      as the user. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group
+      databases, <command>userdel</command> will check that this group is
+      not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn
+      without deleting the group otherwise. The <option>-f</option> option
+      can force the deletion of this group.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para><citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <phrase condition="subids">
+	<citerefentry>
+	  <refentrytitle>subgid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+	</citerefentry>,
+	<citerefentry>
+	  <refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+	</citerefentry>,
+      </phrase>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/usermod.8.xml b/man/usermod.8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e1342c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/usermod.8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,647 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY LASTLOG_UID_MAX       SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LASTLOG_UID_MAX.xml">
+<!ENTITY MAIL_DIR              SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAIL_DIR.xml">
+<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
+<!ENTITY SUB_GID_COUNT         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SUB_GID_COUNT.xml">
+<!ENTITY SUB_UID_COUNT         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SUB_UID_COUNT.xml">
+<!ENTITY TCB_SYMLINKS          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TCB_SYMLINKS.xml">
+<!ENTITY USE_TCB               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='usermod.8'>
+  <!--  $Id$  -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+      <surname>Haugh</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>usermod</refname>
+    <refpurpose>modify a user account</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>usermod</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<replaceable>options</replaceable>
+      </arg>
+      <arg choice='plain'><replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable></arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>usermod</command> command modifies the system account
+      files.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>usermod</command> command
+      are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the
+	    <option>-G</option> option.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-b</option>, <option>--badname</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Allow names that do not conform to standards.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>COMMENT</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    update the comment field of the user in <filename>/etc/passwd
+	    </filename>, which is normally modified using the <citerefentry>
+	    <refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+	    </citerefentry> utility.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    The user's new login directory.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If the <option>-m</option>
+	    option is given, the contents of the current home directory will
+	    be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does
+	    not already exist. If the current home directory does not exist
+	    the new home directory will not be created.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+            The date on which the user account will be disabled. The
+            date is specified in the format 
+            <emphasis remap="I">YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>. Integers as input are
+            interpreted as days after 1970-01-01.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    An input of -1 or an empty string will blank the account
+	    expiration field in the shadow password file. The account
+	    will remain available with no date limit.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    This option requires a <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file.
+	    A <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> entry will be created if
+	    there were none.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum
+	    age during which the user may still login by immediately replacing
+	    the password. This grace period before the account becomes inactive
+	    is stored in the shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an
+	    expired password with no delay. An input of -1 will blank the
+	    respective field in the shadow password file. See <citerefentry>
+	    <refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+	    </citerefentry> for more information.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    This option requires a <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file.
+	    A <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> entry will be created if
+	    there were none.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    The name or numerical ID of the user's new primary group.
+	    The group must exist.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Any file from the user's home directory owned by the previous
+	    primary group of the user will be owned by this new group.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The group ownership of files outside of the user's home directory
+	    must be fixed manually.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user's
+	    home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is
+	    different from the current or new user id. This is a safety measure
+	    for special home directories such as <filename>/</filename>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GROUP1</replaceable>[<emphasis remap='I'>,GROUP2,...</emphasis>[<emphasis remap='I'>,GROUPN</emphasis>]]]
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member
+	    of. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no
+	    intervening whitespace. The groups must exist.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    If the user is currently a member of a group which is
+	    not listed, the user will be removed from the group. This
+	    behaviour can be changed via the <option>-a</option> option, which
+	    appends the user to the current supplementary group list.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    The name of the user will be changed from
+	    <replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> to
+	    <replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>. Nothing else is changed. In
+	    particular, the user's home directory or mail spool should
+	    probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the
+	    encrypted password, effectively disabling the password. You
+	    can't use this option with <option>-p</option> or
+	    <option>-U</option>.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a
+	    password), you should also set the
+	    <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> to
+	    <replaceable>1</replaceable>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-m</option>, <option>--move-home</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    moves the content of the user's home directory to the new
+	    location. If the current home directory does not exist
+	    the new home directory will not be created.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    This option is only valid in combination with the
+	    <option>-d</option> (or <option>--home</option>) option.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    <command>usermod</command> will try to adapt the ownership of the
+	    files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but
+	    manual changes might be needed afterwards.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+            This option is only valid in combination with the
+            <option>-u</option> option. As a user identity
+            serves as
+            key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file
+            ownerships and other aspects that determine the system's
+            behavior on the other hand, more than one login name
+            will access the account of the given UID.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PASSWORD</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+            defines a new password for the user. PASSWORD is expected to
+            be encrypted, as returned by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt
+            </refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    <emphasis role="bold">Note:</emphasis> Avoid this option on the  
+	    command  line because the password (or encrypted password) will
+	    be visible by users listing the processes.
+	  </para>
+	  <para condition="pam">
+	    The password will be written in the local
+	    <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> or
+	    <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file. This might differ from the
+	    password database configured in your PAM configuration.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    You should make sure the password respects the system's
+	    password policy.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Remove the user from named supplementary group(s). Use only with the
+	    <option>-G</option> option.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-P</option>, <option>--prefix</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+             Apply changes within the directory tree starting with
+             <replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable> and use as well the
+             configuration files located there.  This option does not
+             chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation
+             target.  Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are
+             not verified.  PAM authentication is using the host
+             files.  No SELINUX support.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SHELL</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    changes the user's login shell. An empty string for SHELL blanks the
+	    field in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and logs the user into the
+	    system's default shell.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>UID</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    The new value of the user's ID.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    This value must be unique,
+	    unless the <option>-o</option> option is used. The value must be
+	    non-negative.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The user's mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are
+	    located in the user's home
+	    directory will have the file user ID changed automatically.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The ownership of files outside of the user's home directory
+	    must be fixed manually.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user's
+	    home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is
+	    different from the current or new user id. This is a safety measure
+	    for special home directories such as <filename>/</filename>.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    No checks will be performed with regard to the
+	    <option>UID_MIN</option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>,
+	    <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>, or <option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>
+	    from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the
+	    encrypted password. You can't use this option with
+	    <option>-p</option> or <option>-L</option>.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a
+	    password), you should also set the
+	    <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> (for example to
+	    <replaceable>99999</replaceable>, or to the
+	    <option>EXPIRE</option> value from
+	    <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>).
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="subids">
+	<term>
+	  <option>-v</option>, <option>--add-subuids</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account. 
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user's account.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	     No checks will be performed with regard to
+	     <option>SUB_UID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_UID_MAX</option>, or
+	     <option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> from /etc/login.defs.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="subids">
+	<term>
+	  <option>-V</option>, <option>--del-subuids</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user's account.
+	    When both <option>--del-subuids</option> and <option>--add-subuids</option> are specified,
+	    the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	     No checks will be performed with regard to
+	     <option>SUB_UID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_UID_MAX</option>, or
+	     <option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> from /etc/login.defs.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="subids">
+	<term>
+	  <option>-w</option>, <option>--add-subgids</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user's account.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	     No checks will be performed with regard to
+	     <option>SUB_GID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_GID_MAX</option>, or
+	     <option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> from /etc/login.defs.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="subids">
+	<term>
+	  <option>-W</option>, <option>--del-subgids</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	    This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user's account.
+	    When both <option>--del-subgids</option> and <option>--add-subgids</option> are specified,
+	    the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added.
+	  </para>
+	  <para>
+	     No checks will be performed with regard to
+	     <option>SUB_GID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_GID_MAX</option>, or
+	     <option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> from /etc/login.defs.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+            defines the SELinux user to be mapped with
+            <replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable>.  An empty string ("")
+            will remove the respective entry (if any). Note that the
+            shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses
+            semanage(8) for that.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='caveats'>
+    <title>CAVEATS</title>
+    <para>
+      You must make certain that the named user is
+      not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the
+      user's numerical user ID, the user's name, or the user's home
+      directory is being changed. <command>usermod</command> checks this
+      on Linux. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check if 
+      the user is logged in.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      You must change the owner of any <command>crontab</command> files or
+      <command>at</command> jobs manually.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS server.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &LASTLOG_UID_MAX;
+      &MAIL_DIR; <!-- documents also MAIL_FILE -->
+      &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
+      &SUB_GID_COUNT; <!-- documents also SUB_GID_MAX and SUB_GID_MIN -->
+      &SUB_UID_COUNT; <!-- documents also SUB_UID_MAX and SUB_UID_MIN -->
+      &TCB_SYMLINKS;
+      &USE_TCB;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Group account information</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="gshadow">
+	<term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure group account informatio.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Shadow password suite configuration</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure user account information</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="subids">
+	<term><filename>/etc/subgid</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Per user subordinate group IDs</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="subids">
+	<term><filename>/etc/subuid</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Per user subordinate user IDs</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <phrase condition="subids">
+	<citerefentry>
+	  <refentrytitle>subgid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+	</citerefentry>,
+	<citerefentry>
+	  <refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+	</citerefentry>,
+      </phrase>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/vipw.8.xml b/man/vipw.8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4caddcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/vipw.8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997       , Marek Michałkiewicz
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2001 - 2006, Tomasz Kłoczko
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY USE_TCB               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='vipw.8'>
+  <!--  $Id$  -->
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Marek</firstname>
+      <surname>Michałkiewicz</surname>
+      <contrib>Creation, 1997</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+    </author>
+    <author>
+      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+      <surname>François</surname>
+      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+    </author>
+  </refentryinfo>
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>vipw</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv id='name'>
+    <refname>vipw</refname>
+    <refname>vigr</refname>
+    <refpurpose>
+      edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file
+    </refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>vipw</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<replaceable>options</replaceable>                                                                                           
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>vigr</command>
+      <arg choice='opt'>
+	<replaceable>options</replaceable>                                                                                           
+      </arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1 id='description'>
+    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+    <para>
+      The <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</command> commands edits
+      the files <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
+      <filename>/etc/group</filename>, respectively. With the
+      <option>-s</option> flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those
+      files, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> and
+      <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, respectively. The programs will set
+      the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption. When looking for an
+      editor, the programs will first try the environment variable
+      <envar>$VISUAL</envar>, then the environment variable
+      <envar>$EDITOR</envar>, and finally the default editor,
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle>
+      <manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='options'>
+    <title>OPTIONS</title>
+    <para>
+      The options which apply to the <command>vipw</command> and
+      <command>vigr</command> commands are:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist remap='IP'>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Edit group database.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Edit passwd database.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Quiet mode.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term>
+	  <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	</term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>
+	    Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+	    directory and use the configuration files from the
+	    <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+	    Only absolute paths are supported.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Edit shadow or gshadow database.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry condition="tcb">
+	<term><option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Indicates which user's tcb shadow file to edit.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='configuration' condition="tcb">
+    <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The following configuration variables in
+      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+      tool:
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+      &USE_TCB;
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='environment'>
+    <title>ENVIRONMENT</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>VISUAL</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Editor to be used.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><option>EDITOR</option></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Editor to be used if <option>VISUAL</option> is not set.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='files'>
+    <title>FILES</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure group account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>User account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+	<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
+	<listitem>
+	  <para>Secure user account information.</para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>
+      <citerefentry condition="tcb">
+	<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry condition="tcb">
+	<refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry>
+	<refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+      </citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/Makefile.am b/man/zh_CN/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9d8f2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+
+mandir = @mandir@/zh_CN
+
+man_MANS = \
+	man1/chage.1 \
+	man1/chfn.1 \
+	man8/chgpasswd.8 \
+	man8/chpasswd.8 \
+	man1/chsh.1 \
+	man1/expiry.1 \
+	man5/faillog.5 \
+	man8/faillog.8 \
+	man3/getspnam.3 \
+	man1/gpasswd.1 \
+	man8/groupadd.8 \
+	man8/groupdel.8 \
+	man8/groupmems.8 \
+	man8/groupmod.8 \
+	man1/groups.1 \
+	man8/grpck.8 \
+	man8/grpconv.8 \
+	man8/grpunconv.8 \
+	man5/gshadow.5 \
+	man8/lastlog.8 \
+	man1/login.1 \
+	man5/login.defs.5 \
+	man8/logoutd.8 \
+	man1/newgrp.1 \
+	man8/newusers.8 \
+	man8/nologin.8 \
+	man1/passwd.1 \
+	man5/passwd.5 \
+	man8/pwck.8 \
+	man8/pwconv.8 \
+	man8/pwunconv.8 \
+	man1/sg.1 \
+	man3/shadow.3 \
+	man5/shadow.5 \
+	man1/su.1 \
+	man5/suauth.5 \
+	man8/useradd.8 \
+	man8/userdel.8 \
+	man8/usermod.8 \
+	man8/vigr.8 \
+	man8/vipw.8
+
+man_nopam = \
+	man5/limits.5 \
+	man5/login.access.5 \
+	man5/porttime.5
+
+if !USE_PAM
+man_MANS += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+EXTRA_DIST = \
+	$(man_MANS) \
+	man1/id.1 \
+	man8/sulogin.8
+
+if USE_PAM
+EXTRA_DIST += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+include ../generate_translations.mak
+
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58e4b9d
--- /dev/null
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+
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+uninstall-man: uninstall-man1 uninstall-man3 uninstall-man5 \
+	uninstall-man8
+
+.MAKE: install-am install-strip
+
+.PHONY: all all-am check check-am clean clean-generic clean-libtool \
+	clean-local cscopelist-am ctags-am distclean distclean-generic \
+	distclean-libtool distdir dvi dvi-am html html-am info info-am \
+	install install-am install-data install-data-am install-dvi \
+	install-dvi-am install-exec install-exec-am install-html \
+	install-html-am install-info install-info-am install-man \
+	install-man1 install-man3 install-man5 install-man8 \
+	install-pdf install-pdf-am install-ps install-ps-am \
+	install-strip installcheck installcheck-am installdirs \
+	maintainer-clean maintainer-clean-generic mostlyclean \
+	mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool pdf pdf-am ps ps-am \
+	tags-am uninstall uninstall-am uninstall-man uninstall-man1 \
+	uninstall-man3 uninstall-man5 uninstall-man8
+
+.PRECIOUS: Makefile
+
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@config.xml: ../config.xml.in
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	$(MAKE) -C .. config.xml
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	cp ../config.xml $@
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@messages.mo: ../po/$(LANG).po
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	msgfmt ../po/$(LANG).po -o messages.mo
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@login.defs.d:
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	ln -sf ../login.defs.d login.defs.d
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@%.xml: ../%.xml messages.mo login.defs.d
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	if grep -q SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE $< ; then \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	    sed -e 's/^<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->/<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	else \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	    sed -e 's/^\(<!DOCTYPE .*docbookx.dtd"\)>/\1 [<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;]>/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	fi
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	itstool -d -l $(LANG) -m messages.mo -o . $@
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	sed -i 's:\(^<refentry .*\)>:\1 lang="$(LANG)">:' $@
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@%.xml-config: %.xml
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	if grep -q SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE $<; then \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@		sed -e 's/^<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->/<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	else \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@		sed -e 's/^\(<!DOCTYPE .*docbookx.dtd"\)>/\1 [<!ENTITY % config SYSTEM "config.xml">%config;]>/' $< > $@; \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	fi
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man1/% man3/% man5/% man8/%: %.xml-config Makefile config.xml
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	$(XSLTPROC) --stringparam profile.condition "$(PAM_COND);$(SHADOWGRP_COND);$(TCB_COND);$(SHA_CRYPT_COND);$(SUBIDS_COND)" \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	            --param "man.authors.section.enabled" "0" \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	            --stringparam "man.output.base.dir" "" \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	            --param "man.output.in.separate.dir" "1" \
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	            -nonet http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/manpages/profile-docbook.xsl $<
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@clean-local:
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@	rm -rf man1 man3 man5 man8
+
+#$(man_MANS):
+#	@echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man8/grpconv.8 man8/grpunconv.8 man8/pwunconv.8: man8/pwconv.8
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man3/getspnam.3: man3/shadow.3
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man8/vigr.8: man8/vipw.8
+
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@$(man_MANS):
+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@	@echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages
+
+# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
+# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
+.NOEXPORT:
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man1/chage.1 b/man/zh_CN/man1/chage.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1383387
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man1/chage.1
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chage
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 用户命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "CHAGE" "1" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "用户命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+chage \- 更改用户密码过期信息
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBchage\fR\ 'u
+\fBchage\fR [\fI选项\fR] \fI登录\fR
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change\&. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password\&.
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchage\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-lastday\fR\ \&\fILAST_DAY\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last changed\&. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY\-MM\-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)\&. If the
+\fILAST_DAY\fR
+is set to
+\fI0\fR
+the user is forced to change his password on the next log on\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on which the user\*(Aqs account will no longer be accessible\&. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY\-MM\-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&.
+.sp
+For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 days:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+	    chage \-E $(date \-d +180days +%Y\-%m\-%d)
+	  
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+will remove an account expiration date\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-iso8601\fR
+.RS 4
+When printing dates, use YYYY\-MM\-DD format\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked\&. The
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+option is the number of days of inactivity\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as the
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+will remove an account\*(Aqs inactivity\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+显示账户年龄信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
+\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid\&. When
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+plus
+\fILAST_DAY\fR
+is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account\&. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the
+\fB\-W\fR
+option, which provides the user with advance warning\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The
+\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If none of the options are selected,
+\fBchage\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of
+\fI[ ]\fR
+marks\&.
+.SH "注意"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+program requires a shadow password file to be available\&.
+.PP
+The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password file\&. This implies that configuration from other sources (e\&.g\&. LDAP or empty password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user\*(Aqs login will not be shown in the chage output\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+program will also not report any inconsistency between the shadow and passwd files (e\&.g\&. missing x in the passwd file)\&. The
+\fBpwck\fR
+can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command is restricted to the root user, except for the
+\fB\-l\fR
+option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire\&.
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+安全用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.SH "退出值"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+permission denied
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI15\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt find the shadow password file
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man1/chfn.1 b/man/zh_CN/man1/chfn.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc5b4bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man1/chfn.1
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chfn
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 用户命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "CHFN" "1" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "用户命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+chfn \- 更改真名和信息
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBchfn\fR\ 'u
+\fBchfn\fR [\fI选项\fR] [\fI登录\fR]
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchfn\fR
+command changes user fullname, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a user\*(Aqs account\&. This information is typically printed by
+\fBfinger\fR(1)
+and similar programs\&. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&. (The default configuration is to prevent users from changing their fullname\&.) The superuser may change any field for any account\&. Additionally, only the superuser may use the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field\&.
+.PP
+These fields must not contain any colons\&. Except for the
+\fIother\fR
+field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign\&. It is also recommended to avoid non\-US\-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone numbers\&. The
+\fIother\fR
+field is used to store accounting information used by other applications\&.
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchfn\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-full\-name\fR\ \&\fIFULL_NAME\fR
+.RS 4
+更改用户的全名
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-home\-phone\fR\ \&\fIHOME_PHONE\fR
+.RS 4
+Change the user\*(Aqs home phone number\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-other\fR\ \&\fIOTHER\fR
+.RS 4
+Change the user\*(Aqs other GECOS information\&. This field is used to store accounting information used by other applications, and can be changed only by a superuser\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-room\fR\ \&\fIROOM_NUMBER\fR
+.RS 4
+Change the user\*(Aqs room number\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-work\-phone\fR\ \&\fIWORK_PHONE\fR
+.RS 4
+Change the user\*(Aqs office phone number\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If none of the options are selected,
+\fBchfn\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of
+\fB[ ]\fR
+marks\&. Without options,
+\fBchfn\fR
+prompts for the current user account\&.
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow 密码套件配置。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man1/chsh.1 b/man/zh_CN/man1/chsh.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f81758c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man1/chsh.1
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chsh
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 用户命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "CHSH" "1" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "用户命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+chsh \- 更改登录 shell
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBchsh\fR\ 'u
+\fBchsh\fR [\fI选项\fR] [\fI登录\fR]
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchsh\fR
+command changes the user login shell\&. This determines the name of the user\*(Aqs initial login command\&. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account\&.
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchsh\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+用户的新登录 shell 的名称。将此字段设置为空会让系统选择默认的登录 shell。
+.RE
+.PP
+If the
+\fB\-s\fR
+option is not selected,
+\fBchsh\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell\&. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one\&. The current shell is displayed between a pair of
+\fI[ ]\fR
+marks\&.
+.SH "注意"
+.PP
+The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must be listed in
+/etc/shells, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added\&. An account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell\&. For this reason, placing
+/bin/rsh
+in
+/etc/shells
+is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value\&.
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shells
+.RS 4
+可用的登录 shell 的列表。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow 密码套件配置。
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man1/expiry.1 b/man/zh_CN/man1/expiry.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ebd733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man1/expiry.1
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: expiry
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 用户命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "EXPIRY" "1" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "用户命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+expiry \- check and enforce password expiration policy
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBexpiry\fR\ 'u
+\fBexpiry\fR \fI选项\fR
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBexpiry\fR
+command checks (\fB\-c\fR) the current password expiration and forces (\fB\-f\fR) changes when required\&. It is callable as a normal user command\&.
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBexpiry\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR
+.RS 4
+Check the password expiration of the current user\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+如果用户密码过期，则强制用户修改密码。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+安全用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/zh_CN/man1/gpasswd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f4623f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man1/gpasswd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: gpasswd
+.\"    Author: Rafal Maszkowski
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 用户命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "GPASSWD" "1" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "用户命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+gpasswd \- administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBgpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBgpasswd\fR [\fI选项\fR] \fIgroup\fR
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+command is used to administer
+/etc/group, and /etc/gshadow\&. Every group can have
+administrators,
+members and a password\&.
+.PP
+System administrators can use the
+\fB\-A\fR
+option to define group administrator(s) and the
+\fB\-M\fR
+option to define members\&. They have all rights of group administrators and members\&.
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+called by
+a group administrator
+with a group name only prompts for the new password of the
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.PP
+If a password is set the members can still use
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1)
+without a password, and non\-members must supply the password\&.
+.SS "请注意组密码"
+.PP
+Group passwords are an inherent security problem since more than one person is permitted to know the password\&. However, groups are a useful tool for permitting co\-operation between different users\&.
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+Except for the
+\fB\-A\fR
+and
+\fB\-M\fR
+options, the options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR
+.RS 4
+Add the
+\fIuser\fR
+to the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the
+\fIuser\fR
+from the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\-password\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the password from the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password will be empty\&. Only group members will be allowed to use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+to join the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-restrict\fR
+.RS 4
+Restrict the access to the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password is set to "!"\&. Only group members with a password will be allowed to use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+to join the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-administrators\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&.
+.RS 4
+设置有管理权限的用户列表。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-members\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&.
+.RS 4
+设置组成员列表。
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+This tool only operates on the
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow files\&.
+Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&.
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+安全组账户信息。
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man1/groups.1 b/man/zh_CN/man1/groups.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3845897
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man1/groups.1
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groups
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 用户命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPS" "1" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "用户命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+groups \- 显示当前组名
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBgroups\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroups\fR [\fI用户\fR]
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroups\fR
+command displays the current group names or ID values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value\&. The optional
+\fIuser\fR
+parameter will display the groups for the named user\&.
+.SH "注意"
+.PP
+Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)) will have the information from
+/etc/group
+reported\&. The user must use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+or
+\fBsg\fR
+to change his current real and effective group ID\&.
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+组账户信息。
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man1/id.1 b/man/zh_CN/man1/id.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31ecf86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man1/id.1
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: id
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 用户命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "ID" "1" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "用户命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+id \- display current user and group ID names
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBid\fR\ 'u
+\fBid\fR [\-a]
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBid\fR
+command displays the current real and effective user and group ID names or values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/passwd
+or
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed without the corresponding name\&. The optional
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag will display the group set on systems which support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3))\&.
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man1/login.1 b/man/zh_CN/man1/login.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c43d13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man1/login.1
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 用户命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "LOGIN" "1" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "用户命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+login \- 在系统上启动回话
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] [\fI用户名\fR] [\fIENV=VAR\fR...]
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] \-f \fI用户名\fR
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] \-r\ \fIhost\fR
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is used to establish a new session with the system\&. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the
+\fIlogin:\fR
+prompt on the user\*(Aqs terminal\&.
+\fBlogin\fR
+may be special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub\-process\&. When called from a shell,
+\fBlogin\fR
+should be executed as
+\fBexec login\fR
+which will cause the user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of the caller)\&. Attempting to execute
+\fBlogin\fR
+from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message\&.
+.PP
+The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate\&. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password\&. Only a small number of password failures are permitted before
+\fBlogin\fR
+exits and the communications link is severed\&.
+.PP
+If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for a new password before proceeding\&. You will be forced to provide your old password and the new password before continuing\&. Please refer to
+\fBpasswd\fR(1)
+for more information\&.
+.PP
+After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and the presence of mail\&. You may turn off the printing of the system message file,
+/etc/motd, by creating a zero\-length file
+\&.hushlogin
+in your login directory\&. The mail message will be one of "\fIYou have new mail\&.\fR", "\fIYou have mail\&.\fR", or "\fINo Mail\&.\fR" according to the condition of your mailbox\&.
+.PP
+Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the
+/etc/passwd
+file\&. The value for
+\fB$HOME\fR,
+\fB$SHELL\fR,
+\fB$PATH\fR,
+\fB$LOGNAME\fR, and
+\fB$MAIL\fR
+are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry\&. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field\&.
+.PP
+On some installations, the environmental variable
+\fB$TERM\fR
+will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in
+/etc/ttytype\&.
+.PP
+命令解释器的初始化脚本也可能执行。请参考手册中相应的章节来获取关于此功能的更多信息。
+.PP
+在登录 shell 中以第一个字符是\(lq*\(rq标注的是子系统登录。给定的主目录将被用于用户实际登录的新文件系统的根。
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of
+\fBgetty\fR(8)
+and
+\fBinit\fR(8)
+to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use
+\fBlogin\fR
+from the shell prompt without
+\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&.
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR
+.RS 4
+不要执行认证，用户已经预认证过。
+.sp
+Note: In that case,
+\fIusername\fR
+is mandatory\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR
+.RS 4
+此登录的远程主机名。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR
+.RS 4
+保留环境。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR
+.RS 4
+为 rlogin (远程登录)执行 autologin (自动登录)协议。
+.RE
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR,
+\fB\-h\fR
+and
+\fB\-f\fR
+options are only used when
+\fBlogin\fR
+is invoked by root\&.
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+This version of
+\fBlogin\fR
+has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&.
+.PP
+文件的位置由系统配置决定。
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of
+\fBgetty\fR(8)
+and
+\fBinit\fR(8)
+to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use
+\fBlogin\fR
+from the shell prompt without
+\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&.
+.PP
+As with any program,
+\fBlogin\fR\*(Aqs appearance can be faked\&. If non\-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the machine\&. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack\&.
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/var/run/utmp
+.RS 4
+当前登录会话的列表。
+.RE
+.PP
+/var/log/wtmp
+.RS 4
+先前的登录会话列表。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+安全用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/motd
+.RS 4
+System message of the day file\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/nologin
+.RS 4
+阻止非 root 用户登录。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/ttytype
+.RS 4
+终端类型列表。
+.RE
+.PP
+$HOME/\&.hushlogin
+.RS 4
+阻止显示系统信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow 密码套件配置。
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBmail\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnologin\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBsecuretty\fR(5),
+\fBgetty\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/zh_CN/man1/newgrp.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a66be46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man1/newgrp.1
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newgrp
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 用户命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "NEWGRP" "1" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "用户命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+newgrp \- 登录到一个新组
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBnewgrp\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewgrp\fR [\-] [\fIgroup\fR]
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+command is used to change the current group ID during a login session\&. If the optional
+\fB\-\fR
+flag is given, the user\*(Aqs environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged\&.
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in
+/etc/passwd
+if no group name is given\&.
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+also tries to add the group to the user groupset\&. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in
+/etc/shadow
+if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in
+/etc/passwd
+otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password\&. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member\&.
+.PP
+If there is an entry for this group in
+/etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in
+/etc/group
+is considered\&.
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+安全用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+安全组账户信息。
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsg\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man1/passwd.1 b/man/zh_CN/man1/passwd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89e0e07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man1/passwd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: passwd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 用户命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "PASSWD" "1" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "用户命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+passwd \- 更改用户密码
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBpasswd\fR [\fI选项\fR] [\fI登录\fR]
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command changes passwords for user accounts\&. A normal user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR
+also changes the account or associated password validity period\&.
+.SS "密码更改"
+.PP
+如果有旧密码，首先提示用户输入旧密码。加密这个密码然后和存储的密码进行比较。用户只有一次机会输入正确密码。允许超级用户略过这个步骤，以便更改忘记了的密码。
+.PP
+After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time\&. If not,
+\fBpasswd\fR
+refuses to change the password and exits\&.
+.PP
+提示用户输入两次新密码。第二次和第一次进行比较，并且需要相同才能更改密码。
+.PP
+然后，测试密码的负责程度。一般来讲，密码应该包含 6 到 8 位字符，从下边的一个或多个集合中选择：
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+小写字母
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+数字 0 到 9
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+标点符号
+.RE
+.PP
+Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill characters\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR
+will reject any password which is not suitably complex\&.
+.SS "关于用户密码的提示"
+.PP
+The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space\&. The legacy
+\fIUNIX\fR
+System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm\&. More recent methods are now recommended (see
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR)\&. The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected\&.
+.PP
+由于粗心地或处理选择密码，会危及密码的安全。由于这个原因，您不应该选择出现在词典中或者必须要写下来才能记住的密码。密码也不应该是一个名字、许可证号、生日或者街道号。所有这些可以用于猜测来损害系统安全。
+.PP
+You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en\&.wikipedia\&.org/wiki/Password_strength
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+.RS 4
+This option can be used only with
+\fB\-S\fR
+and causes show status for all users\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR
+.RS 4
+删除用户密码(让它为空)。这是禁用一个用户密码的快速方法。它将设置给出名称的账户。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expire\fR
+.RS 4
+让一个账户的密码立即过期。这可以强制一个用户下次登录时更改密码。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+This option is used to disable an account after the password has been expired for a number of days\&. After a user account has had an expired password for
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+days, the user may no longer sign on to the account\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-tokens\fR
+.RS 4
+表示密码更改只应该因为认证口令(密码)过期更改。用户希望保持他们尚未过期的口令。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
+.RS 4
+锁定指定账户的密码。此选项通过将密码更改为一个不可能与加密值匹配的值来禁用(它在密码开头添加一个\(lq!\(rq)。
+.sp
+Note that this does not disable the account\&. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e\&.g\&. an SSH key)\&. To disable the account, administrators should use
+\fBusermod \-\-expiredate 1\fR
+(this set the account\*(Aqs expire date to Jan 2, 1970)\&.
+.sp
+被锁定了密码的用户不允许更改密码。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
+\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+安静模式。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repository\fR\ \&\fIREPOSITORY\fR
+.RS 4
+change password in
+\fIREPOSITORY\fR
+repository
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-status\fR
+.RS 4
+显示账户状态信息。状态信息包含 7 个字段。首个字段是用户的登录名，第二个字段表示用户账户是否已经锁定密码(L)、没有密码 (NP)或者密码可用(P)，第三个字段给出最后一次更改密码的日期。接下来的四个字段分别是密码的最小年龄、最大年龄、警告期和禁用期。这些年龄以天为单位计算。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
+.RS 4
+Unlock the password of the named account\&. This option re\-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the
+\fB\-l\fR
+option)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The
+\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid\&. After
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR, the password is required to be changed\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+密码复杂性检查在每台机器间不同。用户应该选择适合的尽量复杂的密码。
+.PP
+在启动了 NIS 的系统上，如果没有登录 NIS 服务器，用户或许不能更改自己的密码。
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+安全用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow 密码套件配置。
+.RE
+.SH "退出值"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+permission denied
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid combination of options
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+unexpected failure, nothing done
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+unexpected failure,
+passwd
+file missing
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+passwd
+file busy, try again
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBchpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man1/sg.1 b/man/zh_CN/man1/sg.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..daae817
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man1/sg.1
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: sg
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 用户命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "SG" "1" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "用户命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+sg \- 以不同的组 ID 执行命令
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBsg\fR\ 'u
+\fBsg\fR [\-] [group\ [\-c\ ]\ command]
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsg\fR
+command works similar to
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+but accepts a command\&. The command will be executed with the
+/bin/sh
+shell\&. With most shells you may run
+\fBsg\fR
+from, you need to enclose multi\-word commands in quotes\&. Another difference between
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+and
+\fBsg\fR
+is that some shells treat
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+creates\&. This doesn\*(Aqt happen with
+\fBsg\fR, so upon exit from a
+\fBsg\fR
+command you are returned to your previous group ID\&.
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+安全用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+安全组账户信息。
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man1/su.1 b/man/zh_CN/man1/su.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91a304f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man1/su.1
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: su
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 用户命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "SU" "1" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "用户命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+su \- 更改用户 ID 或成为超级用户
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBsu\fR\ 'u
+\fBsu\fR [\fI选项\fR] [\fI\-\fR] [\fI用户名\fR\ [\ \fIargs\fR\ ]]
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsu\fR
+command is used to become another user during a login session\&. Invoked without a
+\fBusername\fR,
+\fBsu\fR
+defaults to becoming the superuser\&. The
+\fB\-\fR
+option may be used to provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly\&. The
+\fB\-c\fR
+option may be used to treat the next argument as a command by most shells\&.
+.PP
+Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list\&. You can use the
+\fB\-\-\fR
+argument to stop option parsing\&. The
+\fB\-\fR
+option is special: it is also recognized after
+\fB\-\-\fR, but has to be placed before
+\fBusername\fR\&.
+.PP
+如果合适，将提示用户输入一个密码。输入无效的密码会产生一个错误消息。所有的尝试，无论成功还是失败，都会被记录，以检测对系统的滥用。
+.PP
+The current environment is passed to the new shell\&. The value of
+\fB$PATH\fR
+is reset to
+/bin:/usr/bin
+for normal users, or
+/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
+for the superuser\&. This may be changed with the
+\fBENV_PATH\fR
+and
+\fBENV_SUPATH\fR
+definitions in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.PP
+在登录 shell 中以第一个字符是\(lq*\(rq标注的是子系统登录。给定的主目录将被用于用户实际登录的新文件系统的根。
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBsu\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR\ \&\fICOMMAND\fR
+.RS 4
+Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its
+\fB\-c\fR\&.
+.sp
+The executed command will have no controlling terminal\&. This option cannot be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-\fR, \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR
+.RS 4
+提供一个类似于用户直接登录的环境，用户可能会希望这样。
+.sp
+When
+\fB\-\fR
+is used, it must be specified before any
+\fBusername\fR\&. For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any
+\fBusername\fR\&. The other forms (\fB\-l\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-login\fR) do not have this restriction\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+将使用的 shell。
+.sp
+The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first):
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The shell specified with \-\-shell\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
+is used, the shell specified by the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environment variable\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The shell indicated in the
+/etc/passwd
+entry for the target user\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+/bin/sh
+if a shell could not be found by any above method\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+If the target user has a restricted shell (i\&.e\&. the shell field of this user\*(Aqs entry in
+/etc/passwd
+is not listed in
+/etc/shells), then the
+\fB\-\-shell\fR
+option or the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environment variable won\*(Aqt be taken into account, unless
+\fBsu\fR
+is called by root\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
+.RS 4
+Preserve the current environment, except for:
+.PP
+\fB$PATH\fR
+.RS 4
+reset according to the
+/etc/login\&.defs
+options
+\fBENV_PATH\fR
+or
+\fBENV_SUPATH\fR
+(see below);
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB$IFS\fR
+.RS 4
+reset to
+\(lq<space><tab><newline>\(rq, if it was set\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless
+\fBsu\fR
+is called by root)\&.
+.sp
+Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following:
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The
+\fB$HOME\fR,
+\fB$SHELL\fR,
+\fB$USER\fR,
+\fB$LOGNAME\fR,
+\fB$PATH\fR, and
+\fB$IFS\fR
+environment variables are reset\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is not used, the environment is copied, except for the variables above\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, the
+\fB$TERM\fR,
+\fB$COLORTERM\fR,
+\fB$DISPLAY\fR, and
+\fB$XAUTHORITY\fR
+environment variables are copied if they were set\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, the
+\fB$TZ\fR,
+\fB$HZ\fR, and
+\fB$MAIL\fR
+environment variables are set according to the
+/etc/login\&.defs
+options
+\fBENV_TZ\fR,
+\fBENV_HZ\fR,
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR, and
+\fBMAIL_FILE\fR
+(see below)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, other environment variables might be set by the
+\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR
+file (see below)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+This version of
+\fBsu\fR
+has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&.
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+安全用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow 密码套件配置。
+.RE
+.SH "退出值"
+.PP
+On success,
+\fBsu\fR
+returns the exit value of the command it executed\&.
+.PP
+If this command was terminated by a signal,
+\fBsu\fR
+returns the number of this signal plus 128\&.
+.PP
+If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the command did not terminate in time),
+\fBsu\fR
+returns 255\&.
+.PP
+Some exit values from
+\fBsu\fR
+are independent from the executed command:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success (\fB\-\-help\fR
+only)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+System or authentication failure
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI126\fR
+.RS 4
+The requested command was not found
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI127\fR
+.RS 4
+The requested command could not be executed
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBsg\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man3/getspnam.3 b/man/zh_CN/man3/getspnam.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd473da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man3/getspnam.3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man3/shadow.3
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man3/shadow.3 b/man/zh_CN/man3/shadow.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57bb8e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man3/shadow.3
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: shadow
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 库函数调用
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "SHADOW" "3" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "库函数调用"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+shadow, getspnam \- 加密密码文件工具函数
+.SH "SYNTAX"
+.PP
+\fI#include <shadow\&.h>\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *getspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *getspnam(char\fR
+\fI*name\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIvoid setspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIvoid endspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *fgetspent(FILE\fR
+\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *sgetspent(char\fR
+\fI*cp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIint putspent(struct spwd\fR
+\fI*p,\fR
+\fIFILE\fR
+\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIint lckpwdf();\fR
+.PP
+\fIint ulckpwdf();\fR
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+\fIshadow\fR
+manipulates the contents of the shadow password file,
+/etc/shadow\&. The structure in the
+\fI#include\fR
+file is:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct spwd {
+      char		*sp_namp; /* user login name */
+      char		*sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */
+      long int		sp_lstchg; /* last password change */
+      long int		sp_min; /* days until change allowed\&. */
+      long int		sp_max; /* days before change required */
+      long int		sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */
+      long int		sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */
+      long int		sp_expire; /* date when account expires */
+      unsigned long int	sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */
+}
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+每个字段的含义是：
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_namp \- 指向以 null 结束的用户名的指针
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_pwdp \- 指向 null 结束的密码的指针
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_lstchg \- 最近更改密码的日期(日期计算方法是从1970年1月1日开始的天数)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_min \- days before which password may not be changed
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_max \- days after which password must be changed
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_warn \- days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending password expiration
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_inact \- days after password expires that account is considered inactive and disabled
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_expire \- days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_flag \- reserved for future use
+.RE
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+\fIgetspent\fR,
+\fIgetspname\fR,
+\fIfgetspent\fR, and
+\fIsgetspent\fR
+each return a pointer to a
+\fIstruct spwd\fR\&.
+\fIgetspent\fR
+returns the next entry from the file, and
+\fIfgetspent\fR
+returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format\&.
+\fIsgetspent\fR
+returns a pointer to a
+\fIstruct spwd\fR
+using the provided string as input\&.
+\fIgetspnam\fR
+searches from the current position in the file for an entry matching
+\fIname\fR\&.
+.PP
+\fIsetspent\fR
+and
+\fIendspent\fR
+may be used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+and
+\fIulckpwdf\fR
+routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the
+/etc/shadow
+file\&.
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+attempts to acquire a lock using
+\fIpw_lock\fR
+for up to 15 seconds\&. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using
+\fIspw_lock\fR
+for the remainder of the initial 15 seconds\&. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds,
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+returns \-1\&. When both locks are acquired 0 is returned\&.
+.SH "DIAGNOSTICS"
+.PP
+Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing\&. Routines which have
+\fIint\fR
+as the return value return 0 for success and \-1 for failure\&.
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+这些函数只能由超级用户使用，因为对影子密码文件的访问是受限的。
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+安全用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBgetpwent\fR(3),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man5/faillog.5 b/man/zh_CN/man5/faillog.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ac8f2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man5/faillog.5
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual:  File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "FAILLOG" "5" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuratio"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+faillog \- 登录失败的日志文件
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account\&.
+.PP
+The file contains fixed length records, indexed by numerical UID\&. Each record contains the count of login failures since the last successful login; the maximum number of failures before the account is disabled; the line on which the last login failure occurred; the date of the last login failure; and the duration (in seconds) during which the account will be locked after a failure\&.
+.PP
+文件的结构是：
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct	faillog {
+	short   fail_cnt;
+	short   fail_max;
+	char    fail_line[12];
+	time_t  fail_time;
+	long    fail_locktime;
+};
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+Failure logging file\&.
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR(8)
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man5/gshadow.5 b/man/zh_CN/man5/gshadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04ff51d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man5/gshadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: gshadow
+.\"    Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "GSHADOW" "5" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+gshadow \- 影子化了的组文件
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+contains the shadowed information for group accounts\&.
+.PP
+如果没有维护好密码安全，此文件绝对不能让普通用户可读。
+.PP
+此文件的每行包含逗号分隔的如下字段：
+.PP
+\fB组名\fR
+.RS 4
+必须是系统中已经存在的有效组。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB加密了的密码\fR
+.RS 4
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.sp
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)\&.
+.sp
+The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1))\&.
+.sp
+此字段可以为空，此时，只有组成员可以获取组权限。
+.sp
+A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&.
+.sp
+This password supersedes any password specified in
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB管理员\fR
+.RS 4
+必须是一个逗号分隔的用户名列表。
+.sp
+管理员可以更改组密码和成员。
+.sp
+管理员也有成员一样的权限(请看下边)。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB成员\fR
+.RS 4
+必须是一个逗号分隔的用户名列表。
+.sp
+成员可以免密码访问组。
+.sp
+You should use the same list of users as in
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+安全组账户信息。
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBgrpconv\fR(8),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man5/limits.5 b/man/zh_CN/man5/limits.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2fe040
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man5/limits.5
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: limits
+.\"    Author: Luca Berra
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "LIMITS" "5" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+limits \- 资源限制描述
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fIlimits\fR
+file (/etc/limits
+by default or LIMITS_FILE defined
+config\&.h) describes the resource limits you wish to impose\&. It should be owned by root and readable by root account only\&.
+.PP
+By default no quota is imposed on \*(Aqroot\*(Aq\&. In fact, there is no way to impose limits via this procedure to root\-equiv accounts (accounts with UID 0)\&.
+.PP
+每行以如下格式对一个用户描述限制：
+.PP
+\fIuser LIMITS_STRING\fR
+.PP
+或如下格式：
+.PP
+\fI@group LIMITS_STRING\fR
+.PP
+The
+\fILIMITS_STRING\fR
+is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits\&. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit\&.
+.PP
+可用的指示符有：
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+A：最大地址空间 (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+C：最大转储文件大小 (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+D：最大数据大小 (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+F: maximum file size (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+K: file creation mask, set by
+\fBumask\fR(2)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+I：最高 nice 级别，(0\&.\&.\&.39 对应 20\&.\&.\&.\-19)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+L：此用户的最大登录数
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+M: max locked\-in\-memory address space (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+N：最大的文件打开数
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+O：最大实时优先级
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+P: process priority, set by
+\fBsetpriority\fR(2)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+R: max resident set size (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+S：最大栈尺寸 (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+T：最大 CPU 时间 (分钟)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+U：最大处理器数目
+.RE
+.PP
+For example,
+\fIL2D2048N5\fR
+is a valid
+\fILIMITS_STRING\fR\&. For reading convenience, the following entries are equivalent:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      username L2D2048N5
+      username L2 D2048 N5
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Be aware that after
+\fIusername\fR
+the rest of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed\&. An invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the
+\fBlogin\fR
+program\&.
+.PP
+The default entry is denoted by username "\fI*\fR"\&. If you have multiple
+\fIdefault\fR
+entries in your
+\fILIMITS_FILE\fR, then the last one will be used as the default entry\&.
+.PP
+The limits specified in the form "\fI@group\fR" apply to the members of the specified
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.PP
+If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for this user will be considered\&.
+.PP
+If no lines are specified for a user, the last
+\fI@group\fR
+line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the user\&.
+.PP
+To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" will do\&.
+.PP
+To disable a limit for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit\&.
+.PP
+Also, please note that all limit settings are set PER LOGIN\&. They are not global, nor are they permanent\&. Perhaps global limits will come, but for now this will have to do ;)
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/limits
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsetpriority\fR(2),
+\fBsetrlimit\fR(2)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man5/login.access.5 b/man/zh_CN/man5/login.access.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19ccadd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man5/login.access.5
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login.access
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "LOGIN\&.ACCESS" "5" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+login.access \- 登录访问控制表
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fIlogin\&.access\fR
+file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused\&.
+.PP
+When someone logs in, the
+\fIlogin\&.access\fR
+is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non\-networked logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination\&. The permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be accepted or refused\&.
+.PP
+登录访问控制表的每一行有\(lq:\(rq分隔的三个字段：
+.PP
+\fIpermission\fR:\fIusers\fR:\fIorigins\fR
+.PP
+The first field should be a "\fI+\fR" (access granted) or "\fI\-\fR" (access denied) character\&. The second field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or
+\fIALL\fR
+(always matches)\&. The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non\-networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with "\&."), host addresses, internet network numbers (end with "\&."),
+\fIALL\fR
+(always matches) or
+\fILOCAL\fR
+(matches any string that does not contain a "\&." character)\&. If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user patterns\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fIEXCEPT\fR
+operator makes it possible to write very compact rules\&.
+.PP
+The group file is searched only when a name does not match that of the logged\-in user\&. Only groups are matched in which users are explicitly listed: the program does not look at a user\*(Aqs primary group id value\&.
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow 密码套件配置。
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man5/login.defs.5 b/man/zh_CN/man5/login.defs.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5db13e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man5/login.defs.5
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login.defs
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "LOGIN\&.DEFS" "5" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+login.defs \- 影子密码套件配置
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+/etc/login\&.defs
+file defines the site\-specific configuration for the shadow password suite\&. This file is required\&. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation\&.
+.PP
+This file is a readable text file, each line of the file describing one configuration parameter\&. The lines consist of a configuration name and value, separated by whitespace\&. Blank lines and comment lines are ignored\&. Comments are introduced with a "#" pound sign and the pound sign must be the first non\-white character of the line\&.
+.PP
+Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long numbers\&. A string is comprised of any printable characters\&. A boolean should be either the value
+\fIyes\fR
+or
+\fIno\fR\&. An undefined boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a
+\fIno\fR
+value\&. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, octal values (precede the value with
+\fI0\fR) or hexadecimal values (precede the value with
+\fI0x\fR)\&. The maximum value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine\-dependent\&.
+.PP
+提供如下配置项：
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR,
+\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR
+and
+\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR
+are only used at the time of account creation\&. Any changes to these settings won\*(Aqt affect existing accounts\&.
+.SH "交叉引用"
+.PP
+如下交叉引用显示影子密码套件哪个程序使用哪个参数。
+.PP
+chfn
+.RS 4
+CHFN_AUTH
+CHFN_RESTRICT
+LOGIN_STRING
+.RE
+.PP
+chgpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+chpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+chsh
+.RS 4
+CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING
+.RE
+.PP
+gpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+groupadd
+.RS 4
+GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN
+.RE
+.PP
+groupdel
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+groupmems
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+groupmod
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpck
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpconv
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpunconv
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+lastlog
+.RS 4
+LASTLOG_UID_MAX
+.RE
+.PP
+login
+.RS 4
+CONSOLE
+CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
+ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE
+ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY
+FAILLOG_ENAB
+FAKE_SHELL
+FTMP_FILE
+HUSHLOGIN_FILE
+ISSUE_FILE
+KILLCHAR
+LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX
+LOGIN_RETRIES
+LOGIN_STRING
+LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB
+MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB
+TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE
+ULIMIT UMASK
+USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+newgrp / sg
+.RS 4
+SYSLOG_SG_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+newusers
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK
+.RE
+.PP
+passwd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+pwck
+.RS 4
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+.RE
+.PP
+pwconv
+.RS 4
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+.RE
+.PP
+su
+.RS 4
+CONSOLE
+CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
+ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE
+ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH
+ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB
+SULOG_FILE SU_NAME
+SU_WHEEL_ONLY
+SYSLOG_SU_ENAB
+USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+sulogin
+.RS 4
+ENV_HZ
+ENV_TZ
+.RE
+.PP
+useradd
+.RS 4
+CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK
+.RE
+.PP
+userdel
+.RS 4
+MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+usermod
+.RS 4
+LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBpam\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man5/passwd.5 b/man/zh_CN/man5/passwd.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13c1853
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man5/passwd.5
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: passwd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "PASSWD" "5" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+passwd \- 密码文件
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (\(lq:\(rq)\&. These fields are:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+登录名
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+可选的加密后的密码
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+数字用户 ID
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+数字组 ID
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+用户名和注释字段
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+用户主目录
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+可选的用户命令解释器
+.RE
+.PP
+If the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field is a lower\-case
+\(lqx\(rq, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the
+\fBshadow\fR(5)
+file instead; there
+\fImust\fR
+be a corresponding line in the
+/etc/shadow
+file, or else the user account is invalid\&.
+.PP
+The encrypted
+\fIpassword\fR
+field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
+/etc/passwd
+file may decide not to permit
+\fIany\fR
+access at all if the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field is blank\&.
+.PP
+A
+\fIpassword\fR
+field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field before the password was locked\&.
+.PP
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.PP
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
+.PP
+The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system utilities, such as
+\fBfinger\fR(1)\&. The use of an ampersand here will be replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed by such system utilities\&.
+.PP
+The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory\&. The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program uses this information to set the value of the
+\fB$HOME\fR
+environmental variable\&.
+.PP
+The command interpreter field provides the name of the user\*(Aqs command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute\&. The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program uses this information to set the value of the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environmental variable\&. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value
+/bin/sh\&.
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+可选的加密后的密码文件
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd\-
+.RS 4
+/etc/passwd 的备份文件。
+.sp
+注意，此文件由 shadow 工具集使用，而不是所有的用户和密码管理工具都会使用。
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgetent\fR(1),
+\fBgetpwnam\fR(3),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBpwconv\fR(8),
+\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man5/porttime.5 b/man/zh_CN/man5/porttime.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a6b29f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man5/porttime.5
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: porttime
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "PORTTIME" "5" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+porttime \- 端口访问时间文件
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+\fIporttime\fR
+contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted login times\&.
+.PP
+每项包含三个由冒号分隔的字段。第一个字段是逗号分隔的 tty 设备列表，或者星号表示匹配所有终端。第二个字段是逗号分隔的用户名列表，或者星号表示匹配所有用户名。第三个字段是逗号分隔的访问许可时间。
+.PP
+Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, abbreviated
+\fISu\fR,
+\fIMo\fR,
+\fITu\fR,
+\fIWe\fR,
+\fITh\fR,
+\fIFr\fR, and
+\fISa\fR, followed by a pair of times separated by a hyphen\&. The abbreviation
+\fIWk\fR
+may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and
+\fIAl\fR
+may be used to indicate every day\&. If no days are given,
+\fIAl\fR
+is assumed\&.
+.SH "示例"
+.PP
+The following entry allows access to user
+\fBjfh\fR
+on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm\&.
+.PP
+*:jfh:Wk0900\-1700
+.PP
+The following entries allow access only to the users
+\fIroot\fR
+and
+\fIoper\fR
+on
+/dev/console
+at any time\&. This illustrates how the
+/etc/porttime
+file is an ordered list of access times\&. Any other user would match the second entry which does not permit access at any time\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      console:root,oper:Al0000\-2400
+      console:*:
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+The following entry allows access for the user
+\fIgames\fR
+on any port during non\-working hours\&.
+.PP
+*:games:Wk1700\-0900,SaSu0000\-2400
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+包含了端口访问信息的文件。
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man5/shadow.5 b/man/zh_CN/man5/shadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d4b090
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man5/shadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: shadow
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "SHADOW" "5" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+shadow \- 影子化了的密码文件
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+shadow
+is a file which contains the password information for the system\*(Aqs accounts and optional aging information\&.
+.PP
+如果没有维护好密码安全，此文件绝对不能让普通用户可读。
+.PP
+Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (\(lq:\(rq), in the following order:
+.PP
+\fB登录名\fR
+.RS 4
+必须是有效的账户名，且已经存在于系统中。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB加密了的密码\fR
+.RS 4
+This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
+/etc/shadow
+file may decide not to permit any access at all if the password field is empty\&.
+.sp
+A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&.
+.sp
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.sp
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB最后一次更改密码的日期\fR
+.RS 4
+The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&.
+.sp
+The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her password the next time she will log in the system\&.
+.sp
+空字段表示密码年龄功能被禁用。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB密码的最小年龄\fR
+.RS 4
+最小密码年龄是指，用户一次更改密码之后，要等多长时间才再次被允许更改密码。
+.sp
+An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB最大密码年龄\fR
+.RS 4
+最大密码年龄是指，这写天之后，用户必须更改密码。
+.sp
+这写天之后，密码仍然可用。用户将会在下次登录的时候被要求更改密码。
+.sp
+空字段表示没有最大密码年龄，没有密码警告时间段，没有密码禁用时间段(请看下边)。
+.sp
+如果最大密码年龄小于最小密码年龄，用户将会不能更改密码。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB密码警告时间段\fR
+.RS 4
+密码过期之前，提前警告用户的的天数(请参考上边的密码的最大年龄)。
+.sp
+空字段或者 0 表示没有密码警告期。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB密码禁用期\fR
+.RS 4
+密码过期(查看上边的密码最大年龄)后，仍然接受此密码的天数(在此期间，用户应该在下次登录时修改密码)。
+.sp
+After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no login is possible for the user\&. The user should contact her administrator\&.
+.sp
+空字段表示没有强制密码过期。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB账户过期日期\fR
+.RS 4
+The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&.
+.sp
+Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration\&. In case of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login\&. In case of a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password\&.
+.sp
+空字段表示账户永不过期。
+.sp
+应该避免使用 0，因为它既能理解成永不过期也能理解成在1970年1月1日过期。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB保留字段\fR
+.RS 4
+此字段保留作将来使用。
+.RE
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+安全用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-
+.RS 4
+/etc/shadow 的备份文件。
+.sp
+注意，此文件由 shadow 工具集使用，而不是所有的用户和密码管理工具都会使用。
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBchage\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBpwconv\fR(8),
+\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man5/suauth.5 b/man/zh_CN/man5/suauth.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55434bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man5/suauth.5
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: suauth
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "SUAUTH" "5" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+suauth \- 详细的 su 控制文件
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fB/etc/suauth\fR\ 'u
+\fB/etc/suauth\fR
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The file
+/etc/suauth
+is referenced whenever the su command is called\&. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      1) the user su is targeting
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+2) 执行 su 命令的用户 (或者他可能属于的组)
+.PP
+文件格式为：以 # 开头的行视为注视，并被忽略；
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      to\-id:from\-id:ACTION
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Where to\-id is either the word
+\fIALL\fR, a list of usernames delimited by "," or the words
+\fIALL EXCEPT\fR
+followed by a list of usernames delimited by ","\&.
+.PP
+from\-id is formatted the same as to\-id except the extra word
+\fIGROUP\fR
+is recognized\&.
+\fIALL EXCEPT GROUP\fR
+is perfectly valid too\&. Following
+\fIGROUP\fR
+appears one or more group names, delimited by ","\&. It is not sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in
+\fB/etc/group\fR(5)
+is necessary\&.
+.PP
+动作只可以使用如下当前支持的选项。
+.PP
+\fIDENY\fR
+.RS 4
+su 的尝试在询问密码之前就被拒绝。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fINOPASS\fR
+.RS 4
+su 尝试自动成功，而且不询问密码。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIOWNPASS\fR
+.RS 4
+为了成功执行 su，用户必须提供自己的密码。将会提示他们这样。
+.RE
+.PP
+注意，有三个用冒号分割的字段。冒号旁边不能有空格。也请注意，这个文件会被一行一行地依次检查，会使用第一个可用的规则，而不会继续检查文件。这可以让系统管理员使系统尽量符合其期望。
+.SH "示例"
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      # sample /etc/suauth file
+      #
+      # A couple of privileged usernames may
+      # su to root with their own password\&.
+      #
+      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS
+      #
+      # Anyone else may not su to root unless in
+      # group wheel\&. This is how BSD does things\&.
+      #
+      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY
+      #
+      # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts
+      # owned by the same person\&.
+      # Access can be arranged between them
+      # with no password\&.
+      #
+      terry:birddog:NOPASS
+      birddog:terry:NOPASS
+      #
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/suauth
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.SH "缺陷"
+.PP
+可能会有很多潜在问题。文件解析器尤其不能容忍语法错误，不能有无意义的空白符(除了行首和行尾)，并且使用特定的标记分割不同的事情。
+.SH "DIAGNOSTICS"
+.PP
+An error parsing the file is reported using
+\fBsyslogd\fR(8)
+as level ERR on facility AUTH\&.
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBsu\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/chgpasswd.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/chgpasswd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c462a32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/chgpasswd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chgpasswd
+.\"    Author: Thomas K\(/loczko <kloczek@pld.org.pl>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 系统管理命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "CHGPASSWD" "8" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "系统管理命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+chgpasswd \- 批量更新组密码
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBchgpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBchgpasswd\fR [\fI选项\fR]
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchgpasswd\fR
+command reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups\&. Each line is of the format:
+.PP
+\fIgroup_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR
+.PP
+By default the supplied password must be in clear\-text, and is encrypted by
+\fBchgpasswd\fR\&.
+.PP
+The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+variable of
+/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the
+\fB\-e\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-c\fR
+options\&.
+.PP
+此命令一般用于需要一次创建很多用户的大型系统。
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchgpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
+.RS 4
+使用指定的方法加密密码。
+.sp
+可用的方法有 DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 或 SHA512，前提是您的 libc 支持这写方法。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
+.RS 4
+提供的密码是已经加密了的
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
+.RS 4
+如果提供的密码没有加密，则使用 MD5 加密而不是 DES。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
+.RS 4
+使用指定次数的轮转来加密密码。
+.sp
+值 0 表示让系统为加密方法选择默认的轮转次数 (5000)。
+.sp
+会强制最小 1,000，最大 9,9999,9999
+.sp
+您只可以对 SHA256 或 SHA512 使用此选项。
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+记住要设置权限或者掩码来阻止其它用户对未加密文件的读取。
+.PP
+您需要确保你吗和加密方法符合系统的密码策略。
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+安全组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow 密码套件配置。
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/chpasswd.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/chpasswd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa03ab8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/chpasswd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chpasswd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 系统管理命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "CHPASSWD" "8" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "系统管理命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+chpasswd \- 批量更新密码
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBchpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBchpasswd\fR [\fI选项\fR]
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users\&. Each line is of the format:
+.PP
+\fIuser_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR
+.PP
+By default the passwords must be supplied in clear\-text, and are encrypted by
+\fBchpasswd\fR\&. Also the password age will be updated, if present\&.
+.PP
+The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+or
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variables of
+/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the
+\fB\-e\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-c\fR
+options\&.
+.PP
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user\&.
+.PP
+此命令一般用于需要一次创建很多用户的大型系统。
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR\ \&\fIMETHOD\fR
+.RS 4
+使用指定的方法加密密码。
+.sp
+可用的方法有 DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 或 SHA512，前提是您的 libc 支持这写方法。
+.sp
+By default (if none of the
+\fB\-c\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-e\fR
+options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+or
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variables of
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
+.RS 4
+提供的密码是已经加密了的
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
+.RS 4
+如果提供的密码没有加密，则使用 MD5 加密而不是 DES。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR\ \&\fIROUNDS\fR
+.RS 4
+使用指定次数的轮转来加密密码。
+.sp
+值 0 表示让系统为加密方法选择默认的轮转次数 (5000)。
+.sp
+会强制最小 1,000，最大 9,9999,9999
+.sp
+您只可以对 SHA256 或 SHA512 使用此选项。
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+and
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
+variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+记住要设置权限或者掩码来阻止其它用户对未加密文件的读取。
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+安全用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow 密码套件配置。
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/faillog.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/faillog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9386374
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/faillog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 系统管理命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "FAILLOG" "8" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "系统管理命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+faillog \- 显示登录失败记录或设置登录失败限制
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBfaillog\fR\ 'u
+\fBfaillog\fR [\fI选项\fR]
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+displays the contents of the failure log database (/var/log/faillog)\&. It can also set the failure counters and limits\&. When
+\fBfaillog\fR
+is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure\&.
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBfaillog\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+.RS 4
+Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the
+faillog
+database\&.
+.sp
+The range of users can be restricted with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&.
+.sp
+In display mode, this is still restricted to existing users but forces the display of the faillog entries even if they are empty\&.
+.sp
+With the
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR,
+\fB\-r\fR,
+\fB\-t\fR
+options, the users\*(Aq records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the system\&. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of users\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\-secs\fR\ \&\fISEC\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock account for
+\fISEC\fR
+seconds after failed login\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-maximum\fR\ \&\fIMAX\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to
+\fIMAX\fR\&.
+.sp
+Selecting a
+\fIMAX\fR
+value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed logins\&.
+.sp
+The maximum failure count should always be 0 for
+\fIroot\fR
+to prevent a denial of services attack against the system\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reset\fR
+.RS 4
+重置登录失败计数。
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Display faillog records more recent than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR
+.RS 4
+Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used with
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR
+or
+\fB\-r\fR
+options) only for the specified user(s)\&.
+.sp
+The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users\&. This
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+When none of the
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-r\fR
+options are used,
+\fBfaillog\fR
+displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)\&.
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+only prints out users with no successful login since the last failure\&. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+flag, or print out all users with the
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag\&.
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+Failure logging file\&.
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBfaillog\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/groupadd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcadcb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/groupadd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupadd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 系统管理命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPADD" "8" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "系统管理命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+groupadd \- 创建一个新组
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupadd\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupadd\fR [\fI选项\fR] \fINEWGROUP\fR
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the groupname\&. Fully numeric groupnames and groupnames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long\&.
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists\&. When used with
+\fB\-g\fR, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i\&.e\&.
+\fB\-g\fR
+is turned off)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+The numerical value of the group\*(Aqs ID\&.
+\fIGID\fR
+must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to
+\fBGID_MIN\fR
+and greater than every other group\&.
+.sp
+See also the
+\fB\-r\fR
+option and the
+\fBGID_MAX\fR
+description\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR
+.RS 4
+Overrides
+/etc/login\&.defs
+defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others)\&. Multiple
+\fB\-K\fR
+options can be specified\&.
+.sp
+Example:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \&
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+.sp
+Note:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+doesn\*(Aqt work yet\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID\&. As a result, for this
+\fIGID\fR, the mapping towards group
+\fINEWGROUP\fR
+may not be unique\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines an initial password for the group account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths system account file
+/etc/group
+or
+/etc/gshadow\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+您应该确保密码符合系统的密码政策。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+创建一个系统组。
+.sp
+The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBGID_MIN\fR\-\fBGID_MAX\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+安全组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow 密码套件配置。
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+You may not add a NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&.
+.PP
+If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP,
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+will deny the group creation request\&.
+.SH "退出值"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+GID is already used (when called without
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+group name is already used
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/groupdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d20b5db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/groupdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 系统管理命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPDEL" "8" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "系统管理命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+groupdel \- 删除一个组
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupdel\fR [\fI选项\fR] \fIGROUP\fR
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to
+\fIGROUP\fR\&. The named group must exist\&.
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the group, even if there\*(Aqs some user having the group as the primary one\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+您不能移除现有用户的主组。在移除此组之前，必须先移除此用户。
+.PP
+您需要手动检查所有文件系统，以确保没有遗留的属于此组的文件。
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+安全组账户信息。
+.RE
+.SH "退出值"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove user\*(Aqs primary group
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/groupmems.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/groupmems.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84a3f7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/groupmems.8
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmems
+.\"    Author: George Kraft, IV
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 系统管理命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPMEMS" "8" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "系统管理命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+groupmems \- 用户主组的管理员成员
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmems\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmems\fR \-a\ \fIuser_name\fR | \-d\ \fIuser_name\fR | [\-g\ \fIgroup_name\fR] | \-l | \-p 
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+command allows a user to administer their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges\&. The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i\&.e\&., guest / guest)\&.
+.PP
+Only the superuser, as administrator, can use
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+to alter the memberships of other groups\&.
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a user to the group membership list\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR
+.RS 4
+从组成员列表中删除用户。
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, the user will be removed from the list of members and administrators of the group\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR\ \&\fIgroup_name\fR
+.RS 4
+超级用户可以指定修改哪个组的组成员列表。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+列出组成员。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-purge\fR
+.RS 4
+从组成员列表中删除所有用户。
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SETUP"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+executable should be in mode
+2710
+as user
+\fIroot\fR
+and in group
+\fIgroups\fR\&. The system administrator can add users to group
+\fIgroups\fR
+to allow or disallow them using the
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+utility to manage their own group membership list\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+	$ groupadd \-r groups
+	$ chmod 2710 groupmems
+	$ chown root\&.groups groupmems
+	$ groupmems \-g groups \-a gk4
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+安全组账户信息
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/groupmod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0df2e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/groupmod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 系统管理命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPMOD" "8" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "系统管理命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+groupmod \- modify a group definition on the system
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmod\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmod\fR [\fI选项\fR] \fIGROUP\fR
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command modifies the definition of the specified
+\fIGROUP\fR
+by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database\&.
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+If group members are specified with \-U, append them to the existing member list, rather than replacing it\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+The group ID of the given
+\fIGROUP\fR
+will be changed to
+\fIGID\fR\&.
+.sp
+The value of
+\fIGID\fR
+must be a non\-negative decimal integer\&. This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&.
+.sp
+Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to keep the group as their primary group\&.
+.sp
+Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to
+\fIGROUP\fR, must have their group ID changed manually\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to the
+\fBGID_MIN\fR,
+\fBGID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR, or
+\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-new\-name\fR\ \&\fINEW_GROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the group will be changed from
+\fIGROUP\fR
+to
+\fINEW_GROUP\fR
+name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+When used with the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option, allow to change the group
+\fIGID\fR
+to a non\-unique value\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+The encrypted password, as returned by
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+您应该确保密码符合系统的密码政策。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+安全组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow 密码套件配置。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.SH "退出值"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+E_SUCCESS: success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+E_USAGE: invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GRP_UPDATE: can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI11\fR
+.RS 4
+E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can\*(Aqt setup cleanup service
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_USERNAME: can\*(Aqt determine your username for use with pam
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI13\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/grpck.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/grpck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a75388c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/grpck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: grpck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 系统管理命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "GRPCK" "8" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "系统管理命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+grpck \- 检查组文件的完整性
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBgrpck\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpck\fR [选项] [\fIgroup\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]]
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command verifies the integrity of the groups information\&. It checks that all entries in
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&.
+.PP
+检查的项目有：
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+正确的字段数
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+一个唯一且有效的组名
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid group identifier
+(/etc/group only)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid list of members
+and administrators
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a corresponding entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file (respectively
+/etc/group
+for the
+gshadow
+checks)
+.RE
+.PP
+The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal\&. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command to correct the error\&.
+.PP
+The commands which operate on the
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow files
+are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&.
+\fBgrpck\fR
+should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries\&.
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR
+and
+\fB\-s\fR
+options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Execute the
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command in read\-only mode\&. This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered
+\fIno\fR
+without user intervention\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Sort entries in
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+by GID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-silence\-warnings\fR
+.RS 4
+Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about inconsistency between group members listed in
+/etc/group
+and
+/etc/ghadow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+By default,
+\fBgrpck\fR
+operates on
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the
+\fIgroup\fR
+and \fIshadow\fR parameters\&.
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+安全组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.SH "退出值"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+one or more bad group entries
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt open group files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt lock group files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group files
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/grpconv.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/grpconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/grpconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/grpunconv.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/grpunconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/grpunconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/lastlog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3bafd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/lastlog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: lastlog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 系统管理命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "LASTLOG" "8" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "系统管理命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+lastlog \- 报告所有用户的最近登录情况，或者指定用户的最近登录情况
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBlastlog\fR\ 'u
+\fBlastlog\fR [\fI选项\fR]
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+\fBlastlog\fR
+formats and prints the contents of the last login log
+/var/log/lastlog
+file\&. The
+\fIlogin\-name\fR,
+\fIport\fR, and
+\fIlast login time\fR
+will be printed\&. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in
+/etc/passwd\&.
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBlastlog\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-before\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Print only lastlog records older than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-clear\fR
+.RS 4
+Clear lastlog record of a user\&. This option can be used only together with
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-set\fR
+.RS 4
+Set lastlog record of a user to the current time\&. This option can be used only together with
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Print the lastlog records more recent than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR
+.RS 4
+显示指定用户的最近登录记录。
+.sp
+The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users\&. This
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If the user has never logged in the message
+\fI** Never logged in**\fR
+will be displayed instead of the port and time\&.
+.PP
+Only the entries for the current users of the system will be displayed\&. Other entries may exist for users that were deleted previously\&.
+.SH "注意"
+.PP
+The
+lastlog
+file is a database which contains info on the last login of each user\&. You should not rotate it\&. It is a sparse file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by "\fBls \-l\fR" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in
+passwd
+users with a high UID)\&. You can display its real size with "\fBls \-s\fR"\&.
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/var/log/lastlog
+.RS 4
+Database times of previous user logins\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+Large gaps in UID numbers will cause the lastlog program to run longer with no output to the screen (i\&.e\&. if in lastlog database there is no entries for users with UID between 170 and 800 lastlog will appear to hang as it processes entries with UIDs 171\-799)\&.
+.PP
+Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the
+<term> /var/log/lastlog</term>
+with external tools\&. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by default and may require a specific option to handle them\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/logoutd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4481346
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/logoutd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: logoutd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 系统管理命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "LOGOUTD" "8" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "系统管理命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+logoutd \- 强制登录时间限制
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBlogoutd\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in
+/etc/porttime\&.
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+should be started from
+/etc/rc\&. The
+/var/run/utmp
+file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time\&. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in
+/etc/porttime
+is terminated\&.
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+包含了端口访问信息的文件。
+.RE
+.PP
+/var/run/utmp
+.RS 4
+当前登录会话的列表。
+.RE
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/newusers.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/newusers.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01242e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/newusers.8
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newusers
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 系统管理命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "NEWUSERS" "8" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "系统管理命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+newusers \- 批量更新和创建新用户
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBnewusers\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewusers\fR [\fI选项\fR] [\fI文件\fR]
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewusers\fR
+command reads a
+\fIfile\fR
+(or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users\&. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)) with the exceptions explained below:
+.PP
+pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell
+.PP
+\fIpw_name\fR
+.RS 4
+这是用户的用户名。
+.sp
+It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR)\&. In case of an existing user, the user\*(Aqs information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_passwd\fR
+.RS 4
+此字段将被加密然后用于加密后密码的新值。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_uid\fR
+.RS 4
+此字段用于定义用户的 UID。
+.sp
+If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+如果此字段包含一个数字，此数字会用于 UID。
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), the UID of the specified user will be used\&.
+.sp
+如果一个现有用户更改了 UID，此用户的文件所有权需要手动修复。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_gid\fR
+.RS 4
+此字段用于定义用户的主组 ID。
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user\&.
+.sp
+如果此字段是一个数字，此数字会被用作此用户的主组 ID。如果没有对应此 GID 的现有组，将会使用此 GID 创建一个新组，名称和用户名相同。
+.sp
+If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by
+\fBnewusers\fR
+to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by
+\fBnewusers\fR
+to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_gecos\fR
+.RS 4
+此字段复制到用户的 GECOS 字段。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_dir\fR
+.RS 4
+此字段用于定义用户的主目录。
+.sp
+If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or updated and its primary group\&. Note that
+\fInewusers does not create parent directories \fR
+of the new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr informing the user of the failure\&. The newusers command will not halt or return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified\&.
+.sp
+If the home directory of an existing user is changed,
+\fBnewusers\fR
+does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location\&. This should be done manually\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_shell\fR
+.RS 4
+此字段定义了用户的 shell。对此字段不进行任何检查。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBnewusers\fR
+first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases\&. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases\&.
+.PP
+此命令一般用于在大型的应用环境中，对大量账户进行一次性更新。
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBnewusers\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
+.RS 4
+使用指定的方法加密密码。
+.sp
+可用的方法有 DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 或 SHA512，前提是您的 libc 支持这写方法。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+创建一个系统账户。
+.sp
+System users will be created with no aging information in
+/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
+(and their
+\fBGID\fR
+counterparts for the creation of groups)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
+.RS 4
+使用指定次数的轮转来加密密码。
+.sp
+值 0 表示让系统为加密方法选择默认的轮转次数 (5000)。
+.sp
+会强制最小 1,000，最大 9,9999,9999
+.sp
+您只可以对 SHA256 或 SHA512 使用此选项。
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+输入文件必须受到保护，因为它包含未加密的密码。
+.PP
+您需要确保你吗和加密方法符合系统的密码策略。
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+
+
+
+
+
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+安全用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+安全组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow 密码套件配置。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/nologin.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/nologin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..286ba0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/nologin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: nologin
+.\"    Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 系统管理命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "NOLOGIN" "8" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "系统管理命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+nologin \- 礼貌地拒绝登录
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBnologin\fR\ 'u
+\fBnologin\fR
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnologin\fR
+command displays a message that an account is not available and exits non\-zero\&. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled\&.
+.PP
+To disable all logins, investigate
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBSSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND\fR
+is populated it will be logged\&.
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.SH "历史"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnologin\fR
+command appeared in BSD 4\&.4\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/pwck.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/pwck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bae586
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/pwck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: pwck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 系统管理命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "PWCK" "8" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "系统管理命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+pwck \- verify the integrity of password files
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBpwck\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwck\fR [选项] [\fIPASSWORDFILE\fR\ [\ \fISHADOWFILE\fR\ ]]
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwck\fR
+command verifies the integrity of the users and authentication information\&. It checks that all entries in
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow
+have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&.
+.PP
+检查的项目有：
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+正确的字段数
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+一个唯一且有效的用户名
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+一个有效的用户和组标识符
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+有效的主组
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+有效的主目录
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+有效的登录 shell
+.RE
+.PP
+Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file parameter
+\fISHADOWFILE\fR
+is specified or when
+/etc/shadow
+exists on the system\&.
+.PP
+这些检查是：
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+每个密码项都有对应的影子相，反之亦然。
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+密码在影子化了的文件中指定
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+影子项有正确的字段数。
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+影子项在影子文件中是唯一的
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+最后一次的密码更改时间不是被设成了一个将来的时间。
+.RE
+.PP
+The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal\&. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the
+\fBusermod\fR
+command to correct the error\&.
+.PP
+The commands which operate on the
+/etc/passwd
+file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&.
+\fBpwck\fR
+should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry\&.
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR
+and
+\fB\-s\fR
+options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpwck\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+只报告错误。不显示那些不需要用户操作的警告。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Execute the
+\fBpwck\fR
+command in read\-only mode\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Sort entries in
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow
+by UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+By default,
+\fBpwck\fR
+operates on the files
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and
+\fIshadow\fR
+parameters\&.
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+安全用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.SH "退出值"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwck\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+one or more bad password entries
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt open password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt lock password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt sort password files
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/pwconv.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/pwconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c519a90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/pwconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: pwconv
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 系统管理命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "PWCONV" "8" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "系统管理命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv \- 在影子密码和组以及其它直接转换
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBpwconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwconv\fR [\fI选项\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBpwunconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwunconv\fR [\fI选项\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBgrpconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpconv\fR [\fI选项\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBgrpunconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpunconv\fR [\fI选项\fR]
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIshadow\fR
+from
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and an optionally existing
+\fIshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwunconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIpasswd\fR
+from
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and
+\fIshadow\fR
+and then removes
+\fIshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIgshadow\fR
+from
+\fIgroup\fR
+and an optionally existing
+\fIgshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIgroup\fR
+from
+\fIgroup\fR
+and
+\fIgshadow\fR
+and then removes
+\fIgshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files:
+/etc/passwd,
+/etc/group,
+/etc/shadow, and
+/etc/gshadow\&.
+.PP
+Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion\&.
+\fBpwconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+are similar\&. First, entries in the shadowed file which don\*(Aqt exist in the main file are removed\&. Then, shadowed entries which don\*(Aqt have `x\*(Aq as the password in the main file are updated\&. Any missing shadowed entries are added\&. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x\*(Aq\&. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand\&.
+.PP
+\fBpwconv\fR
+will use the values of
+\fIPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR,
+\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, and
+\fIPASS_WARN_AGE\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs
+when adding new entries to
+/etc/shadow\&.
+.PP
+Likewise
+\fBpwunconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+are similar\&. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file\&. Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone\&. Finally, the shadowed file is removed\&. Some password aging information is lost by
+\fBpwunconv\fR\&. It will convert what it can\&.
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpwconv\fR,
+\fBpwunconv\fR,
+\fBgrpconv\fR, and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+commands are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.SH "缺陷"
+.PP
+Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways\&. Please run
+\fBpwck\fR
+and
+\fBgrpck\fR
+to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups\&.
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+changes the behavior of
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR:
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of
+\fBpwconv\fR:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow 密码套件配置。
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/pwunconv.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/pwunconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/pwunconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/sulogin.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/sulogin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7fdf61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/sulogin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: sulogin
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 系统管理命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "SULOGIN" "8" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "系统管理命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+sulogin \- Single\-user login
+.SH "SYNTAX"
+.PP
+\fBsulogin\fR
+[\fItty\-device\fR]
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsulogin\fR
+command is invoked by
+\fBinit\fR
+prior to allowing the user access to the system when in single user mode\&. This feature may only be available on certain systems where
+\fBinit\fR
+has been modified accordingly, or where the
+/etc/inittab
+has an entry for a single user login\&.
+.PP
+The user is prompted
+.PP
+Type control\-d to proceed with normal startup,
+(or give root password for system maintenance):
+.PP
+Input and output will be performed with the standard file descriptors unless the optional device name argument is provided\&.
+.PP
+If the user enters the correct root password, a login session is initiated\&. When
+\fIEOF\fR
+is pressed instead, the system enters multi\-user mode\&.
+.PP
+After the user exits the single\-user shell, or presses
+\fIEOF\fR, the system begins the initialization process required to enter multi\-user mode\&.
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+This command can only be used if
+\fBinit\fR
+has been modified to call
+\fBsulogin\fR
+instead of
+/bin/sh, or if the user has set the
+\fIinittab\fR
+to support a single user login\&. For example, the line:
+.PP
+co:s:respawn:/etc/sulogin /dev/console
+.PP
+should execute the sulogin command in single user mode\&.
+.PP
+As complete an environment as possible is created\&. However, various devices may be unmounted or uninitialized and many of the user commands may be unavailable or nonfunctional as a result\&.
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+安全用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1),
+\fBinit\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/useradd.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/useradd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..580372e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/useradd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: useradd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 系统管理命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "USERADD" "8" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "系统管理命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+useradd \- 创建一个新用户或更新默认新用户信息
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR [\fI选项\fR] \fI登录\fR
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR \-D
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR \-D [\fI选项\fR]
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+When invoked without the
+\fB\-D\fR
+option, the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. Depending on command line options, the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command will update system files and may also create the new user\*(Aqs home directory and copy initial files\&.
+.PP
+By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR,
+\fB\-U\fR, and
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR)\&.
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The default base directory for the system if
+\fB\-d\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+is not specified\&.
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the base directory specified by the
+\fBHOME\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or
+/home
+by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR
+.RS 4
+Any text string\&. It is generally a short description of the account, and is currently used as the field for the user\*(Aqs full name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\-dir\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The new user will be created using
+\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+as the value for the user\*(Aqs login directory\&. The default is to append the
+\fILOGIN\fR
+name to
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+and use that as the login directory name\&. If the directory
+\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+does not exist, then it will be created unless the
+\fB\-M\fR
+option is specified\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-defaults\fR
+.RS 4
+看下边，\(lq更改默认值\(rq子节。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format
+\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&.
+.sp
+If not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the default expiry date specified by the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string (no expiry) by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. The value is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&.
+.sp
+If not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the default inactivity period specified by the
+\fBINACTIVE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or \-1 by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subids\-for\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Update
+/etc/subuid
+and
+/etc/subgid
+even when creating a system account with
+\fB\-r\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name or the number of the user\*(Aqs primary group\&. The group name must exist\&. A group number must refer to an already existing group\&.
+.sp
+If not specified, the behavior of
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will depend on the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&. If this variable is set to
+\fIyes\fR
+(or
+\fB\-U/\-\-user\-group\fR
+is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname\&. If the variable is set to
+\fIno\fR
+(or
+\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR
+is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or 1000 by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]]
+.RS 4
+A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option\&. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-skel\fR\ \&\fISKEL_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user\*(Aqs home directory, when the home directory is created by
+\fBuseradd\fR\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid if the
+\fB\-m\fR
+(or
+\fB\-\-create\-home\fR) option is specified\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the
+\fBSKEL\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd
+or, by default,
+/etc/skel\&.
+.sp
+如果可以，也复制 ACL 和扩展属性。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR
+.RS 4
+Overrides
+/etc/login\&.defs
+defaults (\fBUID_MIN\fR,
+\fBUID_MAX\fR,
+\fBUMASK\fR,
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR
+and others)\&.
+.sp
+Example:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS \fR=\fI\-1\fR
+can be used when creating an account to turn off password aging\&. Multiple
+\fB\-K\fR
+options can be specified, e\&.g\&.:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MIN\fR
+=\fI100\fR\ \&\fB\-K\fR\ \&
+\fIUID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-no\-log\-init\fR
+.RS 4
+不要将用户添加到最近登录和登录失败数据库。
+.sp
+By default, the user\*(Aqs entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will also consult the variable
+\fBLOG_INIT\fR
+in the
+/etc/default/useradd
+if set to no the user will not be added to the lastlog and faillog databases\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-create\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+Create the user\*(Aqs home directory if it does not exist\&. The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with the
+\fB\-k\fR
+option) will be copied to the home directory\&.
+.sp
+By default, if this option is not specified and
+\fBCREATE_HOME\fR
+is not enabled, no home directories are created\&.
+.sp
+The directory where the user\*(Aqs home directory is created must exist and have proper SELinux context and permissions\&. Otherwise the user\*(Aqs home directory cannot be created or accessed\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-no\-create\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+Do not create the user\*(Aqs home directory, even if the system wide setting from
+/etc/login\&.defs
+(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR) is set to
+\fIyes\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-no\-user\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option or by the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines an initial password for the account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&. Within a shell script, this option allows to create efficiently batches of users\&.
+.sp
+Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of
+/etc/shadow\&. This is a state where the user won\*(Aqt be able to access the account or to define a password himself\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fRAvoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+您应该确保密码符合系统的密码政策。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+创建一个系统账户。
+.sp
+System users will be created with no aging information in
+/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+/etc/login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
+(and their
+\fBGID\fR
+counterparts for the creation of groups)\&.
+.sp
+Note that
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will not create a home directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR)\&. You have to specify the
+\fB\-m\fR
+options if you want a home directory for a system account to be created\&.
+.sp
+Note that this option will not update
+/etc/subuid
+and
+/etc/subgid\&. You have to specify the
+\fB\-F\fR
+options if you want to update the files for a system account to be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the path to the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. Without this option, the system will use the
+\fBSHELL\fR
+variable specified in
+/etc/default/useradd, or, if that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in
+/etc/passwd
+remains empty\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR
+.RS 4
+The numerical value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to
+\fBUID_MIN\fR
+and greater than every other user\&.
+.sp
+See also the
+\fB\-r\fR
+option and the
+\fBUID_MAX\fR
+description\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-user\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+创建一个和用户同名的组，并将用户添加到组中。
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the SELinux user for the new account\&. Without this option, a SELinux uses the default user\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses
+\fBsemanage\fR(8)
+for that\&.
+.RE
+.SS "更改默认值"
+.PP
+When invoked with only the
+\fB\-D\fR
+option,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will display the current default values\&. When invoked with
+\fB\-D\fR
+plus other options,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will update the default values for the specified options\&. Valid default\-changing options are:
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the path prefix for a new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The user\*(Aqs name will be affixed to the end of
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+to form the new user\*(Aqs home directory name, if the
+\fB\-d\fR
+option is not used when creating a new account\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBHOME\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBINACTIVE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group names or a numerical group ID\&. The named group must exist, and the GID must have an existing entry\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the default login shell for new users\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBSHELL\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.SH "注意："
+.PP
+The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the
+/etc/skel/
+directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in
+/etc/default/useradd
+or on the command line)\&.
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+您可能不能想 NIS 组或 LDAP 组添加用户。这只能在相应服务器上进行。
+.PP
+Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will deny the user account creation request\&.
+.PP
+Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the username\&. Fully numeric usernames and usernames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&. It is not recommended to use usernames beginning with \&. character as their home directories will be hidden in the
+\fBls\fR
+output\&.
+.PP
+用户名不能超过 32 个字符长。
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+安全用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+安全组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/default/useradd
+.RS 4
+账户创建的默认值。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-post\&.d/*
+.RS 4
+Run\-part files to execute during user addition\&. The environment variable
+\fBACTION\fR
+will be populated with useradd and
+\fBSUBJECT\fR
+with the
+\fBusername\fR\&.
+useradd\-pre\&.d
+will be executed prior to any user addition\&.
+useradd\-post\&.d
+will execute after user addition\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/skel/
+.RS 4
+包含默认文件的目录。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow 密码套件配置。
+.RE
+.SH "退出值"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+UID already in use (and no
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+username or group name already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt create home directory
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI14\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update SELinux user mapping
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/userdel.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/userdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6700ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/userdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: userdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 系统管理命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "USERDEL" "8" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "系统管理命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+userdel \- 删除用户账户和相关文件
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBuserdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBuserdel\fR [选项] \fI登录\fR
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name
+\fILOGIN\fR\&. The named user must exist\&.
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is still logged in\&. It also forces
+\fBuserdel\fR
+to remove the user\*(Aqs home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user\&. If
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+is defined to
+\fIyes\fR
+in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+and if a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user\&.
+.sp
+\fINote:\fR
+This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+用户主目录中的文件将随用户主目录和用户邮箱一起删除。在其它文件系统中的文件必须手动搜索并删除。
+.sp
+The mail spool is defined by the
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
+variable in the
+login\&.defs
+file\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR
+.RS 4
+移除用户登录的所有 SELinux 用户映射。
+.RE
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow 密码套件配置。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+安全用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-post\&.d/*
+.RS 4
+Run\-part files to execute during user deletion\&. The environment variable
+\fBACTION\fR
+will be populated with
+\fBuserdel\fR
+and
+\fBSUBJECT\fR
+with the username\&.
+userdel\-pre\&.d
+will be executed prior to any user deletion\&.
+userdel\-post\&.d
+will execute after user deletion\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "退出值"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified user doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+user currently logged in
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove home directory
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will not allow you to remove an account if there are running processes which belong to this account\&. In that case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user\*(Aqs password or account and remove the account later\&. The
+\fB\-f\fR
+option can force the deletion of this account\&.
+.PP
+您应该手动检查所以文件系统，以确保没有遗留此用户的文件。
+.PP
+您不能在 NIS 客户端上移除任何 NIS 属性。这必须在 NIS 服务器上执行。
+.PP
+If
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+is defined to
+\fIyes\fR
+in
+/etc/login\&.defs,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will delete the group with the same name as the user\&. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise\&. The
+\fB\-f\fR
+option can force the deletion of this group\&.
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/usermod.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/usermod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b5a91d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/usermod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: usermod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 系统管理命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "USERMOD" "8" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "系统管理命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+usermod \- 修改一个用户账户
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBusermod\fR\ 'u
+\fBusermod\fR [\fI选项\fR] \fI登录\fR
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBusermod\fR
+command modifies the system account files\&.
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBusermod\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR
+.RS 4
+Add the user to the supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the
+\fB\-G\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-badname\fR
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR
+.RS 4
+update the comment field of the user in
+/etc/passwd, which is normally modified using the
+\fBchfn\fR(1)
+utility\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+用户的新登录目录。
+.sp
+If the
+\fB\-m\fR
+option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format
+\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. Integers as input are interpreted as days after 1970\-01\-01\&.
+.sp
+An input of \-1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in the shadow password file\&. The account will remain available with no date limit\&.
+.sp
+This option requires a
+/etc/shadow
+file\&. A
+/etc/shadow
+entry will be created if there were none\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password\&. This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)
+for more information\&.
+.sp
+This option requires a
+/etc/shadow
+file\&. A
+/etc/shadow
+entry will be created if there were none\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name or numerical ID of the user\*(Aqs new primary group\&. The group must exist\&.
+.sp
+用户主目录中，属于原来的主组的文件将转交新组所有。
+.sp
+主目录之外的文件所属的组必须手动修改。
+.sp
+The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as
+/\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]]
+.RS 4
+A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups must exist\&.
+.sp
+If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group\&. This behaviour can be changed via the
+\fB\-a\fR
+option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR\ \&\fINEW_LOGIN\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the user will be changed from
+\fILOGIN\fR
+to
+\fINEW_LOGIN\fR\&. Nothing else is changed\&. In particular, the user\*(Aqs home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This puts a \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
+\fB\-p\fR
+or
+\fB\-U\fR\&.
+.sp
+Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+to
+\fI1\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-move\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+moves the content of the user\*(Aqs home directory to the new location\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-d\fR
+(or
+\fB\-\-home\fR) option\&.
+.sp
+\fBusermod\fR
+will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+allows to change the user ID to a non\-unique value\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines a new password for the user\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+Avoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+您应该确保密码符合系统的密码政策。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the user from named supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the
+\fB\-G\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes within the directory tree starting with
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+and use as well the configuration files located there\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+changes the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field in
+/etc/passwd
+and logs the user into the system\*(Aqs default shell\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR
+.RS 4
+The new value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&.
+.sp
+This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&.
+.sp
+用户的邮箱，用户主目录中属于此用户的文件的属主 ID 也将自动更改。
+.sp
+用户主目录之外文件所有权必须手动修复。
+.sp
+The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as
+/\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to the
+\fBUID_MIN\fR,
+\fBUID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR, or
+\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
+.RS 4
+Unlock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This removes the \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
+\fB\-p\fR
+or
+\fB\-L\fR\&.
+.sp
+Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+(for example to
+\fI99999\fR, or to the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+value from
+/etc/default/useradd)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a range of subordinate uids to the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both
+\fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR
+are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a range of subordinate gids to the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both
+\fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR
+are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the SELinux user to be mapped with
+\fILOGIN\fR\&. An empty string ("") will remove the respective entry (if any)\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses semanage(8) for that\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.PP
+You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user\*(Aqs numerical user ID, the user\*(Aqs name, or the user\*(Aqs home directory is being changed\&.
+\fBusermod\fR
+checks this on Linux\&. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in\&.
+.PP
+You must change the owner of any
+\fBcrontab\fR
+files or
+\fBat\fR
+jobs manually\&.
+.PP
+您必须更改 NIS 服务器上的 NIS 相关内容。
+.SH "配置文件"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account informatio\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/vigr.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/vigr.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff72d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/vigr.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/vipw.8
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/vipw.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/vipw.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edc156f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/vipw.8
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: vipw
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 2022-11-08
+.\"    Manual: 系统管理命令
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
+.\"
+.TH "VIPW" "8" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "系统管理命令"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "名称"
+vipw, vigr \- 编辑密码、组、影子密码或影子组文件。
+.SH "大纲"
+.HP \w'\fBvipw\fR\ 'u
+\fBvipw\fR [\fI选项\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBvigr\fR\ 'u
+\fBvigr\fR [\fI选项\fR]
+.SH "描述"
+.PP
+The
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands edits the files
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/group, respectively\&. With the
+\fB\-s\fR
+flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files,
+/etc/shadow
+and
+/etc/gshadow, respectively\&. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption\&. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable
+\fB$VISUAL\fR, then the environment variable
+\fB$EDITOR\fR, and finally the default editor,
+\fBvi\fR(1)\&.
+.SH "选项"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands are:
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+编辑 group 数据库。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+显示帮助信息并退出。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR
+.RS 4
+编辑 passwd 数据库。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+安静模式。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR
+.RS 4
+编辑 shadow 或 gshadow 数据库。
+.RE
+.SH "环境变量"
+.PP
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+.RS 4
+要使用的编辑器。
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBEDITOR\fR
+.RS 4
+Editor to be used if
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+is not set\&.
+.RE
+.SH "文件"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+安全组账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+安全用户账户信息。
+.RE
+.SH "参见"
+.PP
+\fBvi\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5)
+,
+\fBpasswd\fR(5), ,
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/zh_TW/Makefile.am b/man/zh_TW/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c36ed2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_TW/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# man pages encoded in Big5
+mandir = @mandir@/zh_TW
+
+man_MANS = \
+	man1/chfn.1 \
+	man1/chsh.1 \
+	man8/chpasswd.8 \
+	man1/newgrp.1 \
+	man8/groupadd.8 \
+	man8/groupdel.8 \
+	man8/groupmod.8 \
+	man5/passwd.5 \
+	man1/su.1 \
+	man8/useradd.8 \
+	man8/userdel.8 \
+	man8/usermod.8
+
+EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS)
diff --git a/man/zh_TW/Makefile.in b/man/zh_TW/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65c57b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_TW/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,676 @@
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+	man8/chpasswd.8 \
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+	man8/groupadd.8 \
+	man8/groupdel.8 \
+	man8/groupmod.8 \
+	man5/passwd.5 \
+	man1/su.1 \
+	man8/useradd.8 \
+	man8/userdel.8 \
+	man8/usermod.8
+
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+
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+$(ACLOCAL_M4): @MAINTAINER_MODE_TRUE@ $(am__aclocal_m4_deps)
+	cd $(top_builddir) && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) am--refresh
+$(am__aclocal_m4_deps):
+
+mostlyclean-libtool:
+	-rm -f *.lo
+
+clean-libtool:
+	-rm -rf .libs _libs
+install-man1: $(man_MANS)
+	@$(NORMAL_INSTALL)
+	@list1=''; \
+	list2='$(man_MANS)'; \
+	test -n "$(man1dir)" \
+	  && test -n "`echo $$list1$$list2`" \
+	  || exit 0; \
+	echo " $(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)'"; \
+	$(MKDIR_P) "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)" || exit 1; \
+	{ for i in $$list1; do echo "$$i"; done;  \
+	if test -n "$$list2"; then \
+	  for i in $$list2; do echo "$$i"; done \
+	    | sed -n '/\.1[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	fi; \
+	} | while read p; do \
+	  if test -f $$p; then d=; else d="$(srcdir)/"; fi; \
+	  echo "$$d$$p"; echo "$$p"; \
+	done | \
+	sed -e 'n;s,.*/,,;p;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^1][0-9a-z]*$$,1,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,' | \
+	sed 'N;N;s,\n, ,g' | { \
+	list=; while read file base inst; do \
+	  if test "$$base" = "$$inst"; then list="$$list $$file"; else \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) '$$file' '$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/$$inst'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) "$$file" "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/$$inst" || exit $$?; \
+	  fi; \
+	done; \
+	for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done | $(am__base_list) | \
+	while read files; do \
+	  test -z "$$files" || { \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files '$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)" || exit $$?; }; \
+	done; }
+
+uninstall-man1:
+	@$(NORMAL_UNINSTALL)
+	@list=''; test -n "$(man1dir)" || exit 0; \
+	files=`{ for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done; \
+	l2='$(man_MANS)'; for i in $$l2; do echo "$$i"; done | \
+	  sed -n '/\.1[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	} | sed -e 's,.*/,,;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^1][0-9a-z]*$$,1,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,'`; \
+	dir='$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)'; $(am__uninstall_files_from_dir)
+install-man5: $(man_MANS)
+	@$(NORMAL_INSTALL)
+	@list1=''; \
+	list2='$(man_MANS)'; \
+	test -n "$(man5dir)" \
+	  && test -n "`echo $$list1$$list2`" \
+	  || exit 0; \
+	echo " $(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)'"; \
+	$(MKDIR_P) "$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)" || exit 1; \
+	{ for i in $$list1; do echo "$$i"; done;  \
+	if test -n "$$list2"; then \
+	  for i in $$list2; do echo "$$i"; done \
+	    | sed -n '/\.5[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	fi; \
+	} | while read p; do \
+	  if test -f $$p; then d=; else d="$(srcdir)/"; fi; \
+	  echo "$$d$$p"; echo "$$p"; \
+	done | \
+	sed -e 'n;s,.*/,,;p;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^5][0-9a-z]*$$,5,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,' | \
+	sed 'N;N;s,\n, ,g' | { \
+	list=; while read file base inst; do \
+	  if test "$$base" = "$$inst"; then list="$$list $$file"; else \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) '$$file' '$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)/$$inst'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) "$$file" "$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)/$$inst" || exit $$?; \
+	  fi; \
+	done; \
+	for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done | $(am__base_list) | \
+	while read files; do \
+	  test -z "$$files" || { \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files '$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files "$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)" || exit $$?; }; \
+	done; }
+
+uninstall-man5:
+	@$(NORMAL_UNINSTALL)
+	@list=''; test -n "$(man5dir)" || exit 0; \
+	files=`{ for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done; \
+	l2='$(man_MANS)'; for i in $$l2; do echo "$$i"; done | \
+	  sed -n '/\.5[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	} | sed -e 's,.*/,,;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^5][0-9a-z]*$$,5,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,'`; \
+	dir='$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)'; $(am__uninstall_files_from_dir)
+install-man8: $(man_MANS)
+	@$(NORMAL_INSTALL)
+	@list1=''; \
+	list2='$(man_MANS)'; \
+	test -n "$(man8dir)" \
+	  && test -n "`echo $$list1$$list2`" \
+	  || exit 0; \
+	echo " $(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)'"; \
+	$(MKDIR_P) "$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)" || exit 1; \
+	{ for i in $$list1; do echo "$$i"; done;  \
+	if test -n "$$list2"; then \
+	  for i in $$list2; do echo "$$i"; done \
+	    | sed -n '/\.8[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	fi; \
+	} | while read p; do \
+	  if test -f $$p; then d=; else d="$(srcdir)/"; fi; \
+	  echo "$$d$$p"; echo "$$p"; \
+	done | \
+	sed -e 'n;s,.*/,,;p;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^8][0-9a-z]*$$,8,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,' | \
+	sed 'N;N;s,\n, ,g' | { \
+	list=; while read file base inst; do \
+	  if test "$$base" = "$$inst"; then list="$$list $$file"; else \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) '$$file' '$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)/$$inst'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) "$$file" "$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)/$$inst" || exit $$?; \
+	  fi; \
+	done; \
+	for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done | $(am__base_list) | \
+	while read files; do \
+	  test -z "$$files" || { \
+	    echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files '$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)'"; \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files "$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)" || exit $$?; }; \
+	done; }
+
+uninstall-man8:
+	@$(NORMAL_UNINSTALL)
+	@list=''; test -n "$(man8dir)" || exit 0; \
+	files=`{ for i in $$list; do echo "$$i"; done; \
+	l2='$(man_MANS)'; for i in $$l2; do echo "$$i"; done | \
+	  sed -n '/\.8[a-z]*$$/p'; \
+	} | sed -e 's,.*/,,;h;s,.*\.,,;s,^[^8][0-9a-z]*$$,8,;x' \
+	      -e 's,\.[0-9a-z]*$$,,;$(transform);G;s,\n,.,'`; \
+	dir='$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)'; $(am__uninstall_files_from_dir)
+tags TAGS:
+
+ctags CTAGS:
+
+cscope cscopelist:
+
+distdir: $(BUILT_SOURCES)
+	$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) distdir-am
+
+distdir-am: $(DISTFILES)
+	@srcdirstrip=`echo "$(srcdir)" | sed 's/[].[^$$\\*]/\\\\&/g'`; \
+	topsrcdirstrip=`echo "$(top_srcdir)" | sed 's/[].[^$$\\*]/\\\\&/g'`; \
+	list='$(DISTFILES)'; \
+	  dist_files=`for file in $$list; do echo $$file; done | \
+	  sed -e "s|^$$srcdirstrip/||;t" \
+	      -e "s|^$$topsrcdirstrip/|$(top_builddir)/|;t"`; \
+	case $$dist_files in \
+	  */*) $(MKDIR_P) `echo "$$dist_files" | \
+			   sed '/\//!d;s|^|$(distdir)/|;s,/[^/]*$$,,' | \
+			   sort -u` ;; \
+	esac; \
+	for file in $$dist_files; do \
+	  if test -f $$file || test -d $$file; then d=.; else d=$(srcdir); fi; \
+	  if test -d $$d/$$file; then \
+	    dir=`echo "/$$file" | sed -e 's,/[^/]*$$,,'`; \
+	    if test -d "$(distdir)/$$file"; then \
+	      find "$(distdir)/$$file" -type d ! -perm -700 -exec chmod u+rwx {} \;; \
+	    fi; \
+	    if test -d $(srcdir)/$$file && test $$d != $(srcdir); then \
+	      cp -fpR $(srcdir)/$$file "$(distdir)$$dir" || exit 1; \
+	      find "$(distdir)/$$file" -type d ! -perm -700 -exec chmod u+rwx {} \;; \
+	    fi; \
+	    cp -fpR $$d/$$file "$(distdir)$$dir" || exit 1; \
+	  else \
+	    test -f "$(distdir)/$$file" \
+	    || cp -p $$d/$$file "$(distdir)/$$file" \
+	    || exit 1; \
+	  fi; \
+	done
+check-am: all-am
+check: check-am
+all-am: Makefile $(MANS)
+installdirs:
+	for dir in "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)" "$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)" "$(DESTDIR)$(man8dir)"; do \
+	  test -z "$$dir" || $(MKDIR_P) "$$dir"; \
+	done
+install: install-am
+install-exec: install-exec-am
+install-data: install-data-am
+uninstall: uninstall-am
+
+install-am: all-am
+	@$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) install-exec-am install-data-am
+
+installcheck: installcheck-am
+install-strip:
+	if test -z '$(STRIP)'; then \
+	  $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \
+	    install_sh_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG=-s \
+	      install; \
+	else \
+	  $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \
+	    install_sh_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG=-s \
+	    "INSTALL_PROGRAM_ENV=STRIPPROG='$(STRIP)'" install; \
+	fi
+mostlyclean-generic:
+
+clean-generic:
+
+distclean-generic:
+	-test -z "$(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES)" || rm -f $(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES)
+	-test . = "$(srcdir)" || test -z "$(CONFIG_CLEAN_VPATH_FILES)" || rm -f $(CONFIG_CLEAN_VPATH_FILES)
+
+maintainer-clean-generic:
+	@echo "This command is intended for maintainers to use"
+	@echo "it deletes files that may require special tools to rebuild."
+clean: clean-am
+
+clean-am: clean-generic clean-libtool mostlyclean-am
+
+distclean: distclean-am
+	-rm -f Makefile
+distclean-am: clean-am distclean-generic
+
+dvi: dvi-am
+
+dvi-am:
+
+html: html-am
+
+html-am:
+
+info: info-am
+
+info-am:
+
+install-data-am: install-man
+
+install-dvi: install-dvi-am
+
+install-dvi-am:
+
+install-exec-am:
+
+install-html: install-html-am
+
+install-html-am:
+
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+
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+
+install-man: install-man1 install-man5 install-man8
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+
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+
+install-ps: install-ps-am
+
+install-ps-am:
+
+installcheck-am:
+
+maintainer-clean: maintainer-clean-am
+	-rm -f Makefile
+maintainer-clean-am: distclean-am maintainer-clean-generic
+
+mostlyclean: mostlyclean-am
+
+mostlyclean-am: mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool
+
+pdf: pdf-am
+
+pdf-am:
+
+ps: ps-am
+
+ps-am:
+
+uninstall-am: uninstall-man
+
+uninstall-man: uninstall-man1 uninstall-man5 uninstall-man8
+
+.MAKE: install-am install-strip
+
+.PHONY: all all-am check check-am clean clean-generic clean-libtool \
+	cscopelist-am ctags-am distclean distclean-generic \
+	distclean-libtool distdir dvi dvi-am html html-am info info-am \
+	install install-am install-data install-data-am install-dvi \
+	install-dvi-am install-exec install-exec-am install-html \
+	install-html-am install-info install-info-am install-man \
+	install-man1 install-man5 install-man8 install-pdf \
+	install-pdf-am install-ps install-ps-am install-strip \
+	installcheck installcheck-am installdirs maintainer-clean \
+	maintainer-clean-generic mostlyclean mostlyclean-generic \
+	mostlyclean-libtool pdf pdf-am ps ps-am tags-am uninstall \
+	uninstall-am uninstall-man uninstall-man1 uninstall-man5 \
+	uninstall-man8
+
+.PRECIOUS: Makefile
+
+
+# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
+# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
+.NOEXPORT:
diff --git a/man/zh_TW/man1/chfn.1 b/man/zh_TW/man1/chfn.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b84668f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_TW/man1/chfn.1
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+.\" $Id$
+.\" (c) 1994 by salvatore valente <svalente@athena.mit.edu>
+.\"
+.\" this program is free software.  you can redistribute it and
+.\" modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license.
+.\" there is no warranty.
+.TH CHFN 1 "October 13 1994" "chfn" "Linux Reference Manual"
+.SH 名稱
+chfn \- 改 變 你 的 finger 訊 息
+.SH 語法
+.B chfn
+[\ \-f\ full\-name\ ] [\ \-o\ office\ ] [\ \-p\ office\-phone\ ]
+[\ \-h\ home\-phone\ ] [\ \-u\ ] [\ \-v\ ] [\ username\ ]
+.SH 描述
+.B chfn
+是 用 來 改 變 你 的 finger 訊 息 。 訊 息 是 存 放 在
+.I /etc/passwd 檔 內 。 可 藉 由
+.B finger
+來 顯 示 你 的 訊 息 。 Linux
+.B finger
+命 令 會 顯 示 四 段 訊 息 ， 這 些 訊 息 均 可 藉 由
+.B chfn
+改 變
+: 真 實 姓 名 ， 工 作 地 點 電 話 ， 及 你 家 的 電 話 。
+.SS 命令列
+每 一 段 訊 息 均 可 在 命 令 列 上 指 定 。 如 沒 有 給 定 訊 息 ，
+.B chfn
+進 入 交 談 模 式
+.SS INTERACTIVE MODE
+交談模式
+.B chfn
+會 在 每 一 欄 前 提 示 。 在 提 示 狀 態 下 ， 你 就 可 輸 入 新 的 訊 息 或 
+是 按  return 而 不 改 變 。
+輸 入 "none" 則 表 示 該 欄 空 白 。
+.SH 選項
+.TP
+.I "\-f, \-\-full\-name"
+真 實 姓 名
+.TP
+.I "\-h, \-\-home\-phone"
+家 裡 的 電 話
+.TP
+.I "\-o, \-\-office"
+辦 工 室 號 碼
+.TP
+.I "\-p, \-\-office\-phone"
+辦 公 室 電 話
+.TP
+.I "\-u, \-\-help"
+秀 出 使 用 說 明 短 訊 。
+.TP
+.I "\-v, \-\-version"
+秀 出 版 本 訊 息 。
+.SH "相關文件"
+.BR finger (1),
+.BR passwd (5)
+.SH 作者
+Salvatore Valente <svalente@mit.edu>
diff --git a/man/zh_TW/man1/chsh.1 b/man/zh_TW/man1/chsh.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a934c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_TW/man1/chsh.1
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+.\" $Id$
+.\"  (c) 1994 by salvatore valente <svalente@athena.mit.edu>
+.\"
+.\"  this program is free software.  you can redistribute it and
+.\"  modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license.
+.\"  there is no warranty.
+.TH CHSH 1 "October 13 1994" "chsh" "Linux Reference Manual"
+.SH 名稱
+chsh \- 更換你登入時所用的shell
+.SH 語法
+.B chsh
+[\ \-s\ shell\ ] [\ \-l\ ] [\ \-u\ ] [\ \-v\ ] [\ username\ ]
+.SH 描述
+.B chsh
+用來更換你登入時所用的shell
+。在命令列沒指定shell。
+.B chsh
+會提示一個給你。
+.SS 有效的shell
+.B chsh
+可用指定路徑全名的方式來指定任何一個可執行的檔案。
+然而，如果此 shell並沒紀錄在
+.I /etc/shells
+檔上，則chsh會提出警告訊息。
+.SH 選項
+.TP
+.I "\-l, \-\-list\-shells"
+列出紀錄在
+.I /etc/shells
+的shell。
+.TP
+.I "\-s, \-\-shell"
+變更你的登入shell.
+.TP
+.I "\-u, \-\-help"
+使用短訊。
+.TP
+.I "\-v, \-\-version"
+版本資訊
+.SH "相關文件"
+.BR login (1),
+.BR passwd (5),
+.BR shells (5)
+.SH 作者
+Salvatore Valente <svalente@mit.edu>
diff --git a/man/zh_TW/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/zh_TW/man1/newgrp.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fb79f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_TW/man1/newgrp.1
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+.\" Original author unknown.  This man page is in the public domain.
+.\" Modified Sat Oct  9 17:46:48 1993 by faith@cs.unc.edu
+.TH NEWGRP 1 "9 October 1993" "Linux 1.2" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
+
+.SH NAME
+newgrp \- 登入到新的使用者組中
+
+.SH "總覽 (SYNOPSIS)"
+.BI "newgrp [ " group " ]"
+
+.SH "描述 (DESCRIPTION)"
+.B Newgrp
+改變 調用者 的 使用者組標識, 類似於
+.BR login (1).
+調用者 仍舊 登入 在 系統 中, 當前目錄 也不變, 但是 檔案的訪問權限 將 根據
+新的 使用者組 ID 計算.
+.LP
+如果 沒有 指定 使用者組, GID 將 變成 登入 的 GID.
+.LP
+
+.SH "檔案 (FILES)"
+.I /etc/group
+.br
+.I /etc/passwd
+
+.SH "另見 (SEE ALSO)"
+.BR login "(1), " group (5)
+
+.SH "作者 (AUTHOR)"
+Originally by Michael Haardt. Currently maintained by 
+Peter Orbaek (poe@daimi.aau.dk).
+
+.SH "[中文版維護人]"
+.B 徐明 <xuming@users.sourceforge.net>
+.SH "[中文版最新更新]"
+.BR 2003/05/13
+.SH "《中國Linux論壇man手冊頁翻譯計劃》"
+.BI http://cmpp.linuxforum.net
diff --git a/man/zh_TW/man1/su.1 b/man/zh_TW/man1/su.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..964d3d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_TW/man1/su.1
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+.TH SU "1" "1999年8月" "GNU sh-utils 2.0"  FSF
+.SH NAME(名稱)
+su \- 運行替換使用者和組標識的shell
+.SH SYNOPSIS(總覽)
+.B su
+[\fIOPTION\fR]... [\fI-\fR] [\fIUSER \fR[\fIARG\fR]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION(描述)
+.PP
+.PP
+修改有效使用者標識和組標識為USER的.
+.TP
+-, \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR
+使得shell為可登入的shell
+.TP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-commmand\fR=\fICOMMAND\fR
+傳遞單個COMMAND給\fB\-c\fR的shell.
+.TP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-fast\fR
+傳遞\fB\-f\fR給shell(針對csh或tcsh)
+.TP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
+不重置環境變量
+.TP
+\fB\-p\fR
+與\fB\-m\fR同
+.TP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR=\fISHELL\fR
+如果/etc/shells允許\,運行SHELL.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-help\fR
+顯示幫助並退出
+.TP
+\fB\-\-version\fR
+輸出版本信息並退出
+.PP
+單一的-意味著\fB\-l\fR.如果沒有給定USER,則假定為root.
+.SH (報告BUGS)
+報告bugs,請發郵件到bug-sh-utils@gnu.org.
+.SH (另見)
+以Texinfo手冊形式維護的
+.B su
+完全文件.如果你正確地安裝了
+.B info
+和
+.B echo
+命令
+.IP
+.B info su
+.PP
+應該可以使你訪問到整個手冊.
+.SH COPYRIGHT(版權)
+版權所有 \(co 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+.br
+這是自由軟體;參看複製條件的源檔案.不作任何擔保,更不用說商品性或者基於特殊目的的適
+用性.
+
+.SH "[中文版維護人]"
+.B riser <boomer@ccidnet.com>
+.SH "[中文版最新更新]"
+.BR 2001/08/08
+.SH "《中國linux論壇man手冊頁翻譯計劃》:"
+.BI http://cmpp.linuxforum.net
diff --git a/man/zh_TW/man5/passwd.5 b/man/zh_TW/man5/passwd.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57b5ea3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_TW/man5/passwd.5
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de), Fri Apr 2 11:32:09 MET DST 1993
+.\" Chinese Version Copyright Scorpio, www.linuxforum.net, 2000
+.\"
+.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
+.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+.\"
+.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
+.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
+.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
+.\" intermediate and printed output.
+.\"
+.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
+.\"
+.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
+.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111,
+.\" USA.
+.\"
+.\" Modified Sun Jul 25 10:46:28 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
+.\" Modified Sun Aug 21 18:12:27 1994 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
+.\" Modified Sun Jun 18 01:53:57 1995 by Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
+.\" Modified Mon Jan 5 20:24:40 MET 1998 by Michael Haardt
+.\" (michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de)
+.TH PASSWD 5 "January 5, 1998" "" "File formats"
+.SH NAME 名稱
+passwd \- 密碼檔案
+.SH 描述
+.B Passwd
+是個純文字檔, 它包含了一個系統帳戶列表,
+給出每個帳戶一些有用的信息，比如使用者 ID,組 ID, 家目錄, shell,等.
+通常它也包含了每個使用者經過加密的密碼.
+它通常應該是可讀的（許\多命令，工具程式，像
+.BR ls (1)
+用它做使用者 Id 到使用者名稱的映射）,但是只允許\超級使用者有寫方式權限.
+.PP
+在過去美好的日子裏，這種一般的讀許\可沒有什麼大問題.
+每個人都能讀到加密了的密碼，因為硬體太慢以至於不能解開一個
+精選的密碼，另外，這基本假定是為友好的使用團體使用的.
+現在，許\多人運行一些版本的影子密碼套件，它們在
+.I /etc/passwd
+的密碼域裏是 *，而不再是加密的口令，
+加密的口令放在
+.I /etc/shadow
+中，那個檔案只有超級使用者能讀．
+.PP
+不管是否使用了影子密碼，許\多系統管理員使用一個星號在加密的密碼字段
+以確保使用者不能鑒別他（她）自己的密碼. (見下面的注意)
+.PP
+如果你建立了一個新的登入，首先放個星號在密碼字段,
+然後使用
+.BR passwd (1)
+設置它.
+.PP
+（密碼檔案）裏每行一條記錄，並且每行有這樣的格式：
+.sp
+.RS
+account:password:UID:GID:GECOS:directory:shell
+（帳號:密碼:使用者ID:組ID:一般的信息:目錄:shell）
+.RE
+.sp
+字段描述如下:
+.sp
+.RS
+.TP 1.0in
+.I account
+使用者在系統中的名字，它不能包含大寫字母.
+.TP
+.I password
+加密的使用者密碼，或者星號。
+.TP
+.I UID
+使用者 ID 數。
+.TP
+.I GID
+使用者的主要組 ID 數。
+.TP
+.I GECOS
+這字段是可選的，通常為了存放信息目的而設的．
+通常，它包含了使用者的全名. GECOS 意思是通用電氣綜合作業系統（General Electric
+Comprehensive Operating System）, 當 GE 的大型系統部分割售賣給 Honeywell
+時它被改為 GCOS. Dennis Ritchie 作過報告："有時我們發送印刷品或批道作業到
+GCOS機器時，gcos 字段打斷了 $IDENT 卡的信息，不太美觀。"（譯者：我想是太長吧） 
+.TP
+.I directory
+使用者的 $HOME 目錄.
+.TP
+.I shell
+登入時運行的程式（如果空的，使用
+.BR /bin/sh ).
+如果設為不存在的執行（程式），使用者不能通過
+.BR login (1)
+登入.
+.RE
+.SH 注意
+如果你想建立使用者組，他們的 GID 必須相等並且一定是在
+\fI/etc/group\fP的一條記錄, 要不然組就不存在．
+.PP
+如果加密密碼設成星號，使用者將不能用
+.BR login (1)
+來登入, 但依然可以用
+.BR rlogin (1)
+登入, 通過
+.BR rsh (1)
+或者
+.BR cron (1)
+或者
+.BR at (1)
+或者 mail 過濾器等程式運行已有的進程和開始新的等.
+試圖通過簡單改變 shell 字段鎖住一個使用者結果是一樣的，
+而且還附上了使用
+.B su(1) 
+的權限．
+.SH 相關檔案
+.I /etc/passwd
+.SH "又見"
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR login (1),
+.BR su (1),
+.BR group (5),
+.BR shadow (5)
+.br
+.SH "[中文版維護人]"
+.B Scorpio <rawk@chinese.com>
+.SH "[中文版最新更新]"
+.B 2000/11/26
+.SH "《中國linux論壇man手冊頁翻譯計劃》:"
+.BI http://cmpp.linuxforum.net
diff --git a/man/zh_TW/man8/chpasswd.8 b/man/zh_TW/man8/chpasswd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43cff09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_TW/man8/chpasswd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.\"; 中文版版權所有 soloman, Laser www.linuxforum.net 2000
+.\"
+.\"
+.TH CHPASSWD 8
+.SH NAME
+chpasswd \- 成批更新使用者的口令
+.SH 總覽
+chpasswd [\-e]
+.SH 描述
+.B chpasswd
+從系統的標準輸入讀入使用者的名稱和口令，
+並利用這些信息來更新系統上已存在的使用者的口令。
+在沒有用 \-e 這個開關選項的情況下，口令將按明文的形式接收。
+如果使用了 \-e 選項，口令將只能以加密的方式傳遞。
+每行的具體格式如下所示：
+.sp 1
+		\fI使用者名\fR：\fI新口令\fR
+.sp 1
+使用者名必須是系統上已存在的使用者。
+輸入的密碼在必要時進行加密處理，
+如果口令檔案具有時間特性，則同時更新。
+.PP
+此命令適用於大型的系統，在此類系統中，
+使用者一般都是一次同時生成的，而用 adduser 和
+passwd 口令來對其一一進行設置一般說往往比較慢。
+.SH 注意事項
+.\" The \fBmkpasswd\fR command must be executed afterwards to update the
+.\" DBM password files.
+.\" This command may be discarded in favor of the newusers(8) command.
+因為可以使用檔案重定向進行輸入，
+即：chpasswd &lt; user&amp;passwd-filename， 
+如果輸入檔案是按非加密方式傳遞的話，請對該檔案進行適當的加密。
+.SH 又見
+passwd(1),useradd(8),newuser(8)
+.SH 作者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@bga.com)
+
+.SH "[中文版維護人]"
+.B 所羅門 <solomen@email.com.cn>
+.SH "[中文版最新更新]"
+2000/11/26
+.SH "[中國 Linux 論壇 man 手冊頁翻譯計劃]"
+.BI http://cmpp.linuxforum.net
+
diff --git a/man/zh_TW/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/zh_TW/man8/groupadd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..986d5b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_TW/man8/groupadd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+.\" $Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.TH GROUPADD 8
+.SH 名稱
+groupadd \- 建 立 新 群 組
+.SH 語法
+\fBgroupadd\fR [\fB\-g\fR \fIgid\fR [\fB\-o\fR]] [\fB\-f\fR] \fIgroup\fR
+.SH 描述
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+可 指 定 群 組 名 稱 來 建 立 新 的 群 組 帳 號 。
+需 要 時 可 從 系 統 中 取 得 新 群 組 值 。
+\fBgroupadd\fR 有 下 列 選 項 可 用 。
+.IP \fB\-f\fR
+This is \fIforce\fR flag. 
+新 增 一 個 已 經 存 在 的 群 組 帳 號 ， 系 統 會 出
+現 錯 誤 訊 息 然 後 結 束 \fBgroupadd\fR 。
+ 如 果 是 這 樣 的 情 況 ， 不 會 新 增 這 個 群 組 
+( 如 果 是 這 個 情 況 下 ， 系 統 不 會 再 新 增 一 次 )
+.br
+也 可 同 時 加 上 \fB\-g\fR 選 項
+當 你 加 上 一 個 \fIgid\fR ， 此 時  \fIgid\fR
+就 不 用 是 唯 一 值 ， 可 不 加 \fB\-o\fR 參 數 ，
+建 好 群 組 後 會 顯 結 果  
+(adding a group as neither \fB\-g\fR or \fB\-o\fR options were
+specified).
+
+.IP "\fB\-g \fIgid\fR"
+group's ID 值 。
+除  非 使 用 \fB\-o\fR 參 數 不 然 該 值 必 須 是 唯 一 ， 不 可 相 同 。
+數 值 不 可 為 負 。
+預 設 為 最 小  不  得 小 於 500 而 逐 次 增 加 。 0~999 傳 統 上
+是 保 留 給 \fI系統帳號\fR 使 用 。
+.IP \fB\-r\fR
+此 參 數 是 用 來 建 立 \fI系統帳號\fR 。
+的  UID 會 比 定 義 在 系 統 檔 上 /etc/login.defs.
+的 UID_MIN 來 的 小 。 注 意 useradd 此 用 法 所 建
+立  的 帳 號 不 會 建 立 使 用 者 目 錄 ， 也 不 會
+在 乎 紀 錄 在 /etc/login.defs. 的 定 義 值  。  如
+果  你 想 要 有 使 用 者 目 錄 須 額 外 指 定 \-m 參
+數 來 建 立 系 統 帳 號 。 這 是 RED HAT 額  外  增
+設 的 選 項 。
+它 會 自 動 幫 你 選 定 一 個 小 於 999 的 \fIgif\fR
+不 需 要 再 加 上 \fB\-g\fR 參 數 。
+.br
+這 是 RED HAT 額  外  增 設 的 選 項 。
+
+.br
+這 是 RED HAT 額  外  增 設 的 選 項 。
+.SH 檔案
+\fI/etc/group\fR \- 群 組 資 訊
+.br
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- 群 組 資 訊 加 密
+.SH 相關文件
+.BR chfn (1),
+.BR chsh (1),
+.BR useradd (8),
+.BR userdel (8),
+.BR usermod (8),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR groupdel (8),
+.BR groupmod (8)
+.SH 作者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)
diff --git a/man/zh_TW/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/zh_TW/man8/groupdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9fc2b9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_TW/man8/groupdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+.\" $Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.TH GROUPDEL 8
+.SH 名稱
+groupdel \- 刪除群組
+.SH 語法
+.B groupdel
+.I group
+.SH 描述
+\fBgroupdel\fR 命令會修改系統帳號檔，會刪除所有已經存在的\fIgroup\fR.
+群組名須存在。
+.PP
+你須手動確認一下所有的檔案系統確保有沒有檔案還是沒修正群組名變成群組ID。
+.SH 警告
+如果有任何一個群組的使用者在線上的話就不能移除該群組。
+最好先移除使用者後再移除群組。
+.SH 檔案
+\fI/etc/group\fR \- 群組資訊
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- 群組資訊加密
+.SH 相關文件
+.BR chfn (1),
+.BR chsh (1),
+.BR useradd (8),
+.BR userdel (8),
+.BR usermod (8),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR groupadd (8),
+.BR groupmod (8)
+.SH 作者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)
diff --git a/man/zh_TW/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/zh_TW/man8/groupmod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d41d0cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_TW/man8/groupmod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+.\" $Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.TH GROUPMOD 8
+.SH 名稱
+groupmod \- 修 改 群 組
+.SH 語法
+\fBgroupmod\fR [\fB\-g\fR \fIgid \fR[\fB\-o\fR]] [\fB\-n\fR \fIgroup_name \fR] \fIgroup\fR
+.SH 描述
+
+\fBgroupmod\fR 命 令 會 參 照 你 命 令 列 上 指 定 的 部 份 
+修 改 系 統 帳 號 檔 。 下 列 為 \fIgroupmod\fR 可 選 用 的 參 數 。
+
+.IP "\fB\-g\fR \fIgid\fR"
+群 組 I D 值 。
+必 須 為 唯 一 的 ID 值 ， 除 非 用 \-o 選 項 。
+數 字 不 可 為 負 值。預 設 為 最
+小 不 得 小 於 999 而 逐 次 增 加 。 0~ 499 傳 統 上
+是 保 留 給 系 統 帳 號 使 用 。
+如 果 有 檔 案 使 用 舊 的 群 組 ID ， 而 這 時 候 你 新 增 的 群 組 ID
+恰 好 與 舊 的 相 同 ， 這 樣 的 話
+你 要 手 動 改 一 下 這 些 檔 案 的 群 組 ID 。
+.IP "\fB\-n\fR \fIgroup_name\fR"
+更 改 群 組 名 。
+.SH 檔案
+\fI/etc/group\fR \- 群 組 資 訊 
+.br
+\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- 群 組 資 訊 加 密
+.SH 相關文件
+.BR chfn (1),
+.BR chsh (1),
+.BR useradd (8),
+.BR userdel (8),
+.BR usermod (8),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR groupadd (8),
+.BR groupdel (8)
+.SH 作者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)
diff --git a/man/zh_TW/man8/useradd.8 b/man/zh_TW/man8/useradd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2eb2d75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_TW/man8/useradd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+.\" $Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 \- 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.TH USERADD 8
+.SH 名 稱
+useradd \- 帳 號 建 立 或 更 新 新 使 用 者 的 資 訊
+.SH 語 法
+.TP 8
+.B useradd
+.\" .RB [ \-A
+.\" .RI { method | \fBDEFAULT\fR "},... ]"
+.RB [ \-c
+.IR comment ]
+.RB [ \-d
+.IR home_dir ]
+.br
+.RB [ \-e
+.IR expire_date ]
+.RB [ \-f
+.IR inactive_time ]
+.br
+.RB [ \-g
+.IR initial_group ]
+.RB [ \-G
+.IR group [,...]]
+.br
+.RB [ \-m " [" \-k
+.IR skeleton_dir ] " |" " " \-M ]
+.RB [ \-s
+.IR shell ]
+.br
+.RB [ \-u
+.IR uid " ["
+.BR \-o ]]
+.RB [ \-n ]
+.RB [ \-r ]
+.I login
+.TP 8
+\fBuseradd\fR \fB\-D\fR [\fB\-g\fR \fIdefault_group\fR] [\fB\-b\fR \fIdefault_home\fR]
+.br
+[\fB\-f\fR \fIdefault_inactive\fR] [\fB\-e\fR \fIdefault_expire_date\fR]
+.br
+[\fB\-s\fR \fIdefault_shell\fR]
+.SH 描 述
+.SS 新 帳 號 建 立
+當 不 加 \fB\-D\fR 參 數 , \fBuseradd\fR 指 令 使 用 命 令 列 來 指 定
+新 帳 號 的 設 定 值 and 使 用 系 統 上 的 預 設 值 .
+新 使 用 者 帳 號 將 產 生 一 些 系 統 檔 案 ， 使 用 者 目 錄 建 立 ，
+拷 備 起 始 檔 案 等
+， 這 些 均 可 以 利 用 命 令列 選 項 指 定 。 此 版 本 為 Red Hat Linux 提 供
+， 可 幫 每 個 新 加 入 的 使 用 者 建 立 個 別 的 group , 毋 須 添 加 \fB\-n\fR
+選 項 。  
+\fBuseradd\fR 可 使 用 的 選 項 為
+.IP "\fB\-c\fR \fIcomment\fR"
+新 帳 號 password 檔 的 說 明 欄 。 
+.IP "\fB\-d\fR \fIhome_dir\fR"
+新 帳 號 每 次 登 入 時 所 使 用 的 \fIhome_dir\fR 。 
+預 設 值 為 \fIdefault_home\fR 內 \fIlogin\fR 名 稱 ， 並 當 成 登 入 時 目 錄 
+名 稱 。
+.IP "\fB\-e\fR \fIexpire_date\fR"
+帳 號 終 止 日 期 。 日 期 的 指 定 格 式 為 \fIMM/DD/YY\fR 。
+.IP "\fB\-f\fR \fIinactive_days\fR"
+帳 號 過 期 幾 日 後 永 久 停 權 。
+當 值 為 0 時 帳 號 則 立 刻 被 停 權 。
+而 當 值 為 \-1 時 則 關 閉 此 功\ 能 ， 預 設 值 為 \-1
+.IP "\fB\-g\fR \fIinitial_group\fR"
+group 名 稱 或 以 數 字 來 做 為 使 用 者 登 入 起 始 群 組 (group) 。
+群 組 名 須 為 現 有 存 在 的 名 稱 。
+群 組 數 字 也 須 為 現 有 存 在 的 群 組 。
+預 設 的 群 組 數 字 為 1 。
+.IP "\fB\-G\fR \fIgroup,[...]\fR"
+定 義 此 使 用 者 為 此 一 堆 groups 的 成 員 。
+每 個 群 組 使 用 "," 區 格 開 來 ， 不 可 以 夾 雜 空 白 字 元 。
+ 群 組 名 同 \fB\-g\fR 選 項 的 限 制 。
+定 義 值 為 使用 者 的 起 始 群 組 。
+.IP \fB\-m\fR
+使 用 者 目 錄 如 不 存 在 則 自 動 建 立 。
+如 使 用 \fB\-k\fR 選 項 \fIskeleton_dir\fR 內 的 檔 案 將 複 製 至 使 用 者 目 
+錄 下 。
+然 而 在 \fI/etc/skel\fR 目 錄 下 的 檔 案 也 會 複 製 過 去 取 代 。
+任 何 在 \fIskeleton_dir\fR or \fI/etc/skel\fR 的 目 錄 也 相 同 會 在 使 用 者
+目 錄 下 一 一 建 立 。
+The \fB\-k\fR 同 \fB\-m\fR
+不 建 立 目 錄 以 及 不 複 製 任 何 檔 案 為 預 設 值 。
+.IP \fB\-M\fR
+不 建 立 使 用 者 目 錄 ， 即 使 \fI/etc/login.defs\fR 系 統 檔 設 定 要 建 
+立 使 用 者 目 錄 。
+.IP \fB\-n\fR
+預 設 值 使 用 者 群 組 與 使 用 者 名 稱 會 相 同 。 此 選 項 將 取 消 此 預 
+設 值 。
+.IP \fB\-r\fR
+此 參 數 是 用 來 建 立 系 統 帳 號 。 系 統 帳 號 的 UID 會 比 定 義 在 系
+統 檔 上 \fI/etc/login.defs\fR.
+的 UID_MIN 來 的 小 。 注 意 \fBuseradd\fR 此 用 法 所 建 立 的 帳 號 不 會
+建 立 使 用 者 目 錄
+， 也 不 會 在 乎 紀 錄 在 \fI/etc/login.defs\fR. 的 定 義 值 。
+如 果 你 想 要 有 使 用 者 目 錄 須 額 外 指 定 \fB\-m\fR 參 數 來 建 立 系 
+統 帳 號 。
+這 是 RED HAT 額 外 增 設 的 選 項 。
+.IP "\fB\-s\fR \fIshell\fR"
+使 用 者 登 入 後 使 用 的 shell 名 稱 。
+預 設 為 不 填 寫 ， 這 樣 系 統 會 幫 你 指 定 預 設 的 登 入 shell 。
+.IP "\fB\-u\fR \fIuid\fR"
+使 用 者 的 ID 值 。 必 須 為 唯 一 的 ID 值 ， 除 非 用 \fI\-o\fR 選 項 。
+數 字 不 可 為 負 值。預 設 為 最 小 不 得 小 於 999 而 逐 次 增 加 。
+0~ 999 傳 統 上 是 保 留 給 系 統 帳 號 使 用 。
+
+.SS 改 變 預 設 值
+當 \fB\-D\fR 選 項 出 現 時 ， \fBuseradd\fR 秀 出 現 在 的 預 設 值 ， 或 是 藉 
+由
+命 令 列 的 方 式 更 新 預 設 值 。
+可 用 選 項 為 ：
+.IP "\fB\-b\fR \fIdefault_home\fR"
+定 義 使 用 者 所 屬 目 錄 的 前 一 個 目 錄 。
+使 用 者 名 稱 會 附 加 在 \fIdefault_home\fR 後 面
+用 來 建 立 新 使 用 者 的 目 錄 。
+當 然 使 用 \fB\-d\fI 後 則 此 選 項 無 效 。
+.IP "\fB\-e\fR \fIdefault_expire_date\fR"
+使 用 者 帳 號 停 止 日 期 。
+.IP "\fB\-f\fR \fIdefault_inactive\fR"
+帳 號 過 期 幾 日 後 停 權 。
+.IP "\fB\-g\fR \fIdefault_group\fR"
+新 帳 號 起 始 群 組 名 或 ID 。
+群 組 名 須 為 現 有 存 在 的 名 稱 。
+群 組 I D 也 須 為 現 有 存 在 的 群 組 。
+.IP "\fB\-s\fR \fIdefault_shell\fR"
+使 用 者 登 入 後 使 用 的 shell 名 稱 。
+往 後 新 加 入 的 帳 號 都 將 使 用 此 shell.
+.PP
+如 不 指 定 任 何 參 數 ， \fBuseradd\fR 顯 示 目 前 預 設 的 值 。
+.SH 注 記 
+系 統 管 理 者 有 義 務 在 \fI/etc/skel\fR 目 錄 下 放 置 使 用 者 定 義 檔 。
+.br
+此 版 本 『useradd』 由 Red Hat 修 改 。
+.SH 警 告
+不 可 新 增 使 用 者 於 NIS 群 組 中 。
+你 必 須 在 NIS 伺 服 器 上 執 行 。
+.SH 檔 案
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- 使 用 者 帳 號 資 訊
+.br
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 使 用 者 帳 號 資 訊 加 密
+.br
+\fI/etc/group\fR \- 群 組 資 訊
+.br
+\fI/etc/default/useradd\fR \- 定 義 資 訊
+.br
+\fI/etc/login.defs\fR \- 系 統 廣 義 設 定
+.br
+\fI/etc/skel/\fR \- 內 含 定 義 檔 的 目 錄
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR chfn (1),
+.BR chsh (1),
+.BR groupadd (8),
+.BR groupdel (8),
+.BR groupmod (8),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR userdel (8),
+.BR usermod (8)
+.SH AUTHOR
+Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)
diff --git a/man/zh_TW/man8/userdel.8 b/man/zh_TW/man8/userdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec891f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_TW/man8/userdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+.\" $Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 \- 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.TH USERDEL 8
+.SH 名稱
+userdel \- 刪 除 使 用 者 帳 號 及 相 關 檔 案
+.SH 語法
+.B userdel
+[\fB\-r\fR]
+.I login
+.SH 描述
+\fBuserdel\fR 命 令 修 改 系 統 帳 號 檔
+刪 除 所 有 \fIlogin\fR 會 參 考 的 部 份 。
+使 用 者 名 稱 必 須是 存 在 的 。
+.IP \fB\-r\fR
+使 用 者 目 錄 下 的 檔 案 一 並 移 除 。 在 其 他 位 置 上 的 檔
+案 也 將 一 一 找 出 並 刪 除 。
+.SH 檔案
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- 使 用 者 帳 號 資 料
+.br
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 使 用 者 帳 號 資 訊 加 密
+.br
+\fI/etc/group\fR \- 群 組 資 訊
+.SH 警告
+\fBuserdel\fR 不 允 許 你 移 除 正 在線 上
+的 使 用 者 帳 號 。
+你 必 須 砍 掉 此 帳 號 現 在 在 系 統 上 執 行 的 程 序 才 能 進 行 帳 號
+刪 除 。
+不 能 在 NIS client 端 移 除 NIS 屬 性 的 東 西 。
+這 動 做 須 在 NIS server 端 上 執 行 。
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR chfn (1),
+.BR chsh (1),
+.BR groupadd (8),
+.BR groupdel (8),
+.BR groupmod (8),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR useradd (8),
+.BR usermod (8)
+.SH 作者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)
diff --git a/man/zh_TW/man8/usermod.8 b/man/zh_TW/man8/usermod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6bae81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/zh_TW/man8/usermod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+.\" $Id$
+.\" SPDX-FileCopyrightText: \" Copyright 1991 \- 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+.TH USERMOD 8
+.SH 名稱
+usermod \- 修 改 使 用 者 帳 號
+.SH 語法
+.TP 8
+.B usermod
+.\" .RB [ \-A
+.\" .RI { method | \fBDEFAULT\fR "},... ]"
+.RB [ \-c
+.IR comment ]
+.RB [ \-d
+.IR home_dir " ["
+.BR \-m ]]
+.br
+.RB [ \-e
+.IR expire_date ]
+.RB [ \-f
+.IR inactive_time ]
+.br
+.RB [ \-g
+.IR initial_group ]
+.RB [ \-G
+.IR group [,...]]
+.br
+.RB [ \-l
+.IR login_name ]
+.RB [ \-s
+.IR shell ]
+.br
+.RB [ \-u
+.IR uid " ["
+.BR \-o ]]
+.I login
+.SH 描述
+\fBusermod\fR 命 令 會 參 照 你 命 令 列 上 指 定 的 部 份 修 改 系 統 帳 
+號 檔 。 下 列 為 \fBusermod\fR 可 選 用 的 參 數 。
+
+.\" .IP "\fB\-A \fImethod\fR|\fBDEFAULT\fR"
+.\" The new value of the user's authentication method.
+.\" The authentication method is the name of a program which is responsible
+.\" for validating the user's identity.
+.\" The string \fBDEFAULT\fR may be used to change the user's authentication
+.\" method to the standard system password method.
+.IP "\fB\-c\fR \fIcomment\fR"
+更 新 使 用 者 帳 號 password 檔 中 的 注 解 欄
+， 一 般 是 使 用 \fBchfn\fR(1) 來 修 改 。
+.IP "\fB\-d\fR \fIhome_dir\fR"
+更 新 使 用 者 新 的 登 入 目 錄 。
+如 果 給 定 \fB\-m\fR 選 項 ， 使 用 者 舊 目 錄 會 搬 到 新 的 目 錄 去 
+，如 舊 目 錄 不 存 在 則 建 個 新 的 。
+.IP "\fB\-e\fR \fIexpire_date\fR"
+加 上 使 用 者 帳 號 停 止 日 期 。 日 期 格 式 為 \fIMM/DD/YY\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-f\fR \fIinactive_days\fR"
+帳 號 過 期 幾 日 後 永 久 停 權。當 值 為  0  時
+帳  號 則 立 刻 被 停 權 。 而 當 值 為 \-1 時 則 關閉此功\能
+。預 設 值 為 \-1。
+.IP "\fB\-g\fR \fIinitial_group\fR"
+更 新 使 用 者 新 的 起 始 登 入 群 組 。 群 組 名 須 已 存 在 
+。群 組 ID 必 須 參 照 既 有 的 的 群 組 。 群 組 ID 預 設 值 為 1 。
+.IP "\fB\-G\fR \fIgroup,[...]\fR"
+定 義 使 用 者 為  一 堆 groups 的 成 員 。 每
+個 群 組 使 用 "," 區 格 開 來 ， 不 可 以 夾 雜 空
+白 字 元 。 群 組 名 同 \-g 選 項 的 限 制 。
+如 果 使 用 者 現 在 的 群 組 不 再 此 列 ， 則 將 使 用 者 由 該 
+群 組 中 移 除 。
+.IP "\fB\-l\fR \fIlogin_name\fR"
+變 更 使 用 者 \fIlogin\fR 時 的 名 稱 為 \fIlogin_name\fR 。
+其 於 不 變 。 特 別 是 ， 使 用 者 目 錄 名 應 該 也 會 跟 著 更 動 成 新 
+的 登 入 名 。
+.IP "\fB\-s\fR \fIshell\fR"
+指 定 新 登 入 shell 。 如 此 欄 留 白 ， 系 統 將 選 用 系 統 預 設 shell 。
+.IP "\fB\-u\fR \fIuid\fR"
+使 用 者 ID 值 。必 須 為 唯 一 的 ID 值 ， 除 非 用 \fI\-o\fR 選 項 。 數 
+字 不 可 為 負 值。預 設 為 最 小  不  得 小 於 999 而 逐 次 
+增 加 。 0~ 999 傳 統 上 是 保 留 給 系 統 帳 號 使 用 。
+使 用 者 目 錄 樹 下 所 有 的 檔 案 目 錄 其 user ID 會 自 動 改 變 。
+放 在 使 用 者 目 錄 外 的 檔 案 則 要 自 行 手 動 更 動 。
+.SH 警告
+\fBusermod\fR 不 允 許 你 改 變  正 在線 上 的 使 用 者 帳 號 名 稱 。
+當 usermod 用 來 改 變 user ID, 必 須 確 認 這 名 user 沒 在 電 腦 上 執 
+行 任 何 程 序。
+你 需 手 動 更 改 使 用 者 的 crontab 檔 。
+也 需 手 動 更 改 使 用 者 的 at 工 作 檔 。
+採 用 NIS server 須 在 server 上 更 動 相 關 的 NIS 設 定 。
+
+.SH 檔案
+\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- 使 用 者 帳 號 資 訊
+.br
+\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 使 用 者 帳 號 資 訊 加 密
+.br
+\fI/etc/group\fR \- 群 組 資 訊
+.SH 相關文件
+.BR chfn (1),
+.BR chsh (1),
+.BR groupadd (8),
+.BR groupdel (8),
+.BR groupmod (8),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR useradd (8),
+.BR userdel (8)
+.SH 作者
+Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)