path: root/man/it/man1/login.1

'\" t
.\"     Title: login
.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
.\"  Language: Italian
.\"
.TH "LOGIN" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
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.SH "NOME"
login \- apre una sessione sul sistema
.SH "SINOSSI"
.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] [\fInome\fR] [\fIENV=VAR\fR...]
.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] \-f \fInome\fR
.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
\fBlogin\fR [\-p] \-r\ \fIhost\fR
.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
.PP
The
\fBlogin\fR
program is used to establish a new session with the system\&. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the
\fIlogin:\fR
prompt on the user\*(Aqs terminal\&.
\fBlogin\fR
may be special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub\-process\&. When called from a shell,
\fBlogin\fR
should be executed as
\fBexec login\fR
which will cause the user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of the caller)\&. Attempting to execute
\fBlogin\fR
from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message\&.
.PP
The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate\&. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password\&. Only a small number of password failures are permitted before
\fBlogin\fR
exits and the communications link is severed\&.
.PP
If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for a new password before proceeding\&. You will be forced to provide your old password and the new password before continuing\&. Please refer to
\fBpasswd\fR(1)
for more information\&.
.PP
After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and the presence of mail\&. You may turn off the printing of the system message file,
/etc/motd, by creating a zero\-length file
\&.hushlogin
in your login directory\&. The mail message will be one of "\fIYou have new mail\&.\fR", "\fIYou have mail\&.\fR", or "\fINo Mail\&.\fR" according to the condition of your mailbox\&.
.PP
Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the
/etc/passwd
file\&. The value for
\fB$HOME\fR,
\fB$SHELL\fR,
\fB$PATH\fR,
\fB$LOGNAME\fR, and
\fB$MAIL\fR
are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry\&. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field\&.
.PP
On some installations, the environmental variable
\fB$TERM\fR
will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in
/etc/ttytype\&.
.PP
Pu\(`o anche essere eseguito uno script di inizializzazione per il proprio interprete dei comandi\&. Fare riferimento alla relativa sezione di manuale per maggiori informazioni su questa funzione\&.
.PP
Un sottosistema di login \(`e indicato dalla presenza del carattere \(Fo*\(Fc all\*(Aqinizio della shell di login\&. La directory home impostata sar\(`a utilizzata come root di un nuovo file system al quale l\*(Aqutente accede\&.
.PP
The
\fBlogin\fR
program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of
\fBgetty\fR(8)
and
\fBinit\fR(8)
to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use
\fBlogin\fR
from the shell prompt without
\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&.
.SH "OPZIONI"
.PP
\fB\-f\fR
.RS 4
Non effettua l\*(Aqautenticazione, l\*(Aqutente \(`e gi\(`a autenticato
.sp
Note: In that case,
\fIusername\fR
is mandatory\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-h\fR
.RS 4
Nome dell\*(Aqhost remoto per questo login\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-p\fR
.RS 4
Non modifica l\*(Aqambiente\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-r\fR
.RS 4
Attiva il protocollo autologin di rlogin\&.
.RE
.PP
The
\fB\-r\fR,
\fB\-h\fR
and
\fB\-f\fR
options are only used when
\fBlogin\fR
is invoked by root\&.
.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
.PP
This version of
\fBlogin\fR
has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&.
.PP
La posizione dei file \(`e soggetta a differenze in base alla configurazione del sistema\&.
.PP
The
\fBlogin\fR
program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of
\fBgetty\fR(8)
and
\fBinit\fR(8)
to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use
\fBlogin\fR
from the shell prompt without
\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&.
.PP
As with any program,
\fBlogin\fR\*(Aqs appearance can be faked\&. If non\-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the machine\&. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack\&.
.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
.PP
The following configuration variables in
/etc/login\&.defs
change the behavior of this tool:
.SH "FILE"
.PP
/var/run/utmp
.RS 4
Elenco delle sessioni attive\&.
.RE
.PP
/var/log/wtmp
.RS 4
Elenco delle precedenti sessioni di login\&.
.RE
.PP
/etc/passwd
.RS 4
Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
.RE
.PP
/etc/shadow
.RS 4
Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
.RE
.PP
/etc/motd
.RS 4
File di sistema con il messaggio del giorno\&.
.RE
.PP
/etc/nologin
.RS 4
Impedisce l\*(Aqaccesso al sistema per utenti diversi da root\&.
.RE
.PP
/etc/ttytype
.RS 4
Elenco di tipi di terminale\&.
.RE
.PP
$HOME/\&.hushlogin
.RS 4
Impedisce che vengano mostrati i messaggi di sistema\&.
.RE
.PP
/etc/login\&.defs
.RS 4
Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
.RE
.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
.PP
\fBmail\fR(1),
\fBpasswd\fR(1),
\fBsh\fR(1),
\fBsu\fR(1),
\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
\fBnologin\fR(5),
\fBpasswd\fR(5),
\fBsecuretty\fR(5),
\fBgetty\fR(8)\&.