Adding upstream version 252.22.upstream/252.22upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 2636 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/boot/bootctl.c b/src/boot/bootctl.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61eed61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/boot/bootctl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2636 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <linux/magic.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "sd-id128.h"
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "blkid-util.h"
+#include "bootspec.h"
+#include "chase-symlinks.h"
+#include "copy.h"
+#include "devnum-util.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "dissect-image.h"
+#include "efi-api.h"
+#include "efi-loader.h"
+#include "efivars.h"
+#include "env-file.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "escape.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "find-esp.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "glyph-util.h"
+#include "main-func.h"
+#include "mkdir.h"
+#include "mount-util.h"
+#include "os-util.h"
+#include "pager.h"
+#include "parse-argument.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "pretty-print.h"
+#include "random-util.h"
+#include "rm-rf.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "sync-util.h"
+#include "terminal-util.h"
+#include "tmpfile-util.h"
+#include "tmpfile-util-label.h"
+#include "tpm2-util.h"
+#include "umask-util.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#include "verbs.h"
+#include "virt.h"
+
+/* EFI_BOOT_OPTION_DESCRIPTION_MAX sets the maximum length for the boot option description
+ * stored in NVRAM. The UEFI spec does not specify a minimum or maximum length for this
+ * string, but we limit the length to something reasonable to prevent from the firmware
+ * having to deal with a potentially too long string. */
+#define EFI_BOOT_OPTION_DESCRIPTION_MAX ((size_t) 255)
+
+static char *arg_esp_path = NULL;
+static char *arg_xbootldr_path = NULL;
+static bool arg_print_esp_path = false;
+static bool arg_print_dollar_boot_path = false;
+static bool arg_touch_variables = true;
+static PagerFlags arg_pager_flags = 0;
+static bool arg_graceful = false;
+static bool arg_quiet = false;
+static int arg_make_entry_directory = false; /* tri-state: < 0 for automatic logic */
+static sd_id128_t arg_machine_id = SD_ID128_NULL;
+static char *arg_install_layout = NULL;
+static enum {
+        ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_MACHINE_ID,
+        ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_OS_IMAGE_ID,
+        ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_OS_ID,
+        ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_LITERAL,
+        ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_AUTO,
+} arg_entry_token_type = ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_AUTO;
+static char *arg_entry_token = NULL;
+static JsonFormatFlags arg_json_format_flags = JSON_FORMAT_OFF;
+static bool arg_arch_all = false;
+static char *arg_root = NULL;
+static char *arg_image = NULL;
+static enum {
+        ARG_INSTALL_SOURCE_IMAGE,
+        ARG_INSTALL_SOURCE_HOST,
+        ARG_INSTALL_SOURCE_AUTO,
+} arg_install_source = ARG_INSTALL_SOURCE_AUTO;
+static char *arg_efi_boot_option_description = NULL;
+
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_esp_path, freep);
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_xbootldr_path, freep);
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_install_layout, freep);
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_entry_token, freep);
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_root, freep);
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_image, freep);
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_efi_boot_option_description, freep);
+
+static const char *arg_dollar_boot_path(void) {
+        /* $BOOT shall be the XBOOTLDR partition if it exists, and otherwise the ESP */
+        return arg_xbootldr_path ?: arg_esp_path;
+}
+
+static const char *pick_efi_boot_option_description(void) {
+        return arg_efi_boot_option_description ?: "Linux Boot Manager";
+}
+
+static int acquire_esp(
+                bool unprivileged_mode,
+                bool graceful,
+                uint32_t *ret_part,
+                uint64_t *ret_pstart,
+                uint64_t *ret_psize,
+                sd_id128_t *ret_uuid,
+                dev_t *ret_devid) {
+
+        char *np;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Find the ESP, and log about errors. Note that find_esp_and_warn() will log in all error cases on
+         * its own, except for ENOKEY (which is good, we want to show our own message in that case,
+         * suggesting use of --esp-path=) and EACCESS (only when we request unprivileged mode; in this case
+         * we simply eat up the error here, so that --list and --status work too, without noise about
+         * this). */
+
+        r = find_esp_and_warn(arg_root, arg_esp_path, unprivileged_mode, &np, ret_part, ret_pstart, ret_psize, ret_uuid, ret_devid);
+        if (r == -ENOKEY) {
+                if (graceful)
+                        return log_full_errno(arg_quiet ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_INFO, r,
+                                              "Couldn't find EFI system partition, skipping.");
+
+                return log_error_errno(r,
+                                       "Couldn't find EFI system partition. It is recommended to mount it to /boot or /efi.\n"
+                                       "Alternatively, use --esp-path= to specify path to mount point.");
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        free_and_replace(arg_esp_path, np);
+        log_debug("Using EFI System Partition at %s.", arg_esp_path);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int acquire_xbootldr(
+                bool unprivileged_mode,
+                sd_id128_t *ret_uuid,
+                dev_t *ret_devid) {
+
+        char *np;
+        int r;
+
+        r = find_xbootldr_and_warn(arg_root, arg_xbootldr_path, unprivileged_mode, &np, ret_uuid, ret_devid);
+        if (r == -ENOKEY) {
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Didn't find an XBOOTLDR partition, using the ESP as $BOOT.");
+                arg_xbootldr_path = mfree(arg_xbootldr_path);
+
+                if (ret_uuid)
+                        *ret_uuid = SD_ID128_NULL;
+                if (ret_devid)
+                        *ret_devid = 0;
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        free_and_replace(arg_xbootldr_path, np);
+        log_debug("Using XBOOTLDR partition at %s as $BOOT.", arg_xbootldr_path);
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int load_etc_machine_id(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = sd_id128_get_machine(&arg_machine_id);
+        if (IN_SET(r, -ENOENT, -ENOMEDIUM, -ENOPKG)) /* Not set or empty */
+                return 0;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get machine-id: %m");
+
+        log_debug("Loaded machine ID %s from /etc/machine-id.", SD_ID128_TO_STRING(arg_machine_id));
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int load_etc_machine_info(void) {
+        /* systemd v250 added support to store the kernel-install layout setting and the machine ID to use
+         * for setting up the ESP in /etc/machine-info. The newer /etc/kernel/entry-token file, as well as
+         * the $layout field in /etc/kernel/install.conf are better replacements for this though, hence this
+         * has been deprecated and is only returned for compatibility. */
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *layout = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = parse_env_file(NULL, "/etc/machine-info",
+                           "KERNEL_INSTALL_LAYOUT", &layout,
+                           "KERNEL_INSTALL_MACHINE_ID", &s);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return 0;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse /etc/machine-info: %m");
+
+        if (!isempty(s)) {
+                if (!arg_quiet)
+                        log_notice("Read $KERNEL_INSTALL_MACHINE_ID from /etc/machine-info. "
+                                   "Please move it to /etc/kernel/entry-token.");
+
+                r = sd_id128_from_string(s, &arg_machine_id);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse KERNEL_INSTALL_MACHINE_ID=%s in /etc/machine-info: %m", s);
+
+                log_debug("Loaded KERNEL_INSTALL_MACHINE_ID=%s from KERNEL_INSTALL_MACHINE_ID in /etc/machine-info.",
+                          SD_ID128_TO_STRING(arg_machine_id));
+        }
+
+        if (!isempty(layout)) {
+                if (!arg_quiet)
+                        log_notice("Read $KERNEL_INSTALL_LAYOUT from /etc/machine-info. "
+                                   "Please move it to the layout= setting of /etc/kernel/install.conf.");
+
+                log_debug("KERNEL_INSTALL_LAYOUT=%s is specified in /etc/machine-info.", layout);
+                free_and_replace(arg_install_layout, layout);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int load_etc_kernel_install_conf(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *layout = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = parse_env_file(NULL, "/etc/kernel/install.conf",
+                           "layout", &layout);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return 0;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse /etc/kernel/install.conf: %m");
+
+        if (!isempty(layout)) {
+                log_debug("layout=%s is specified in /etc/machine-info.", layout);
+                free_and_replace(arg_install_layout, layout);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int settle_entry_token(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        switch (arg_entry_token_type) {
+
+        case ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_AUTO: {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
+                r = read_one_line_file("/etc/kernel/entry-token", &buf);
+                if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to read /etc/kernel/entry-token: %m");
+
+                if (!isempty(buf)) {
+                        free_and_replace(arg_entry_token, buf);
+                        arg_entry_token_type = ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_LITERAL;
+                } else if (sd_id128_is_null(arg_machine_id)) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *id = NULL, *image_id = NULL;
+
+                        r = parse_os_release(NULL,
+                                             "IMAGE_ID", &image_id,
+                                             "ID", &id);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to load /etc/os-release: %m");
+
+                        if (!isempty(image_id)) {
+                                free_and_replace(arg_entry_token, image_id);
+                                arg_entry_token_type = ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_OS_IMAGE_ID;
+                        } else if (!isempty(id)) {
+                                free_and_replace(arg_entry_token, id);
+                                arg_entry_token_type = ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_OS_ID;
+                        } else
+                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "No machine ID set, and /etc/os-release carries no ID=/IMAGE_ID= fields.");
+                } else {
+                        r = free_and_strdup_warn(&arg_entry_token, SD_ID128_TO_STRING(arg_machine_id));
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        arg_entry_token_type = ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_MACHINE_ID;
+                }
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        case ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_MACHINE_ID:
+                if (sd_id128_is_null(arg_machine_id))
+                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "No machine ID set.");
+
+                r = free_and_strdup_warn(&arg_entry_token, SD_ID128_TO_STRING(arg_machine_id));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                break;
+
+        case ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_OS_IMAGE_ID: {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
+
+                r = parse_os_release(NULL, "IMAGE_ID", &buf);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to load /etc/os-release: %m");
+
+                if (isempty(buf))
+                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "IMAGE_ID= field not set in /etc/os-release.");
+
+                free_and_replace(arg_entry_token, buf);
+                break;
+        }
+
+        case ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_OS_ID: {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
+
+                r = parse_os_release(NULL, "ID", &buf);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to load /etc/os-release: %m");
+
+                if (isempty(buf))
+                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "ID= field not set in /etc/os-release.");
+
+                free_and_replace(arg_entry_token, buf);
+                break;
+        }
+
+        case ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_LITERAL:
+                assert(!isempty(arg_entry_token)); /* already filled in by command line parser */
+                break;
+        }
+
+        if (isempty(arg_entry_token) || !(utf8_is_valid(arg_entry_token) && string_is_safe(arg_entry_token)))
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Selected entry token not valid: %s", arg_entry_token);
+
+        log_debug("Using entry token: %s", arg_entry_token);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static bool use_boot_loader_spec_type1(void) {
+        /* If the layout is not specified, or if it is set explicitly to "bls" we assume Boot Loader
+         * Specification Type #1 is the chosen format for our boot loader entries */
+        return !arg_install_layout || streq(arg_install_layout, "bls");
+}
+
+static int settle_make_entry_directory(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = load_etc_machine_id();
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = load_etc_machine_info();
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = load_etc_kernel_install_conf();
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = settle_entry_token();
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        bool layout_type1 = use_boot_loader_spec_type1();
+        if (arg_make_entry_directory < 0) { /* Automatic mode */
+                if (layout_type1) {
+                        if (arg_entry_token_type == ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_MACHINE_ID) {
+                                r = path_is_temporary_fs("/etc/machine-id");
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return log_debug_errno(r, "Couldn't determine whether /etc/machine-id is on a temporary file system: %m");
+
+                                arg_make_entry_directory = r == 0;
+                        } else
+                                arg_make_entry_directory = true;
+                } else
+                        arg_make_entry_directory = false;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_make_entry_directory > 0 && !layout_type1)
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                       "KERNEL_INSTALL_LAYOUT=%s is configured, but Boot Loader Specification Type #1 entry directory creation was requested.",
+                                       arg_install_layout);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/* search for "#### LoaderInfo: systemd-boot 218 ####" string inside the binary */
+static int get_file_version(int fd, char **v) {
+        struct stat st;
+        char *buf;
+        const char *s, *e;
+        char *x = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert(v);
+
+        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to stat EFI binary: %m");
+
+        r = stat_verify_regular(&st);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "EFI binary is not a regular file: %m");
+
+        if (st.st_size < 27 || file_offset_beyond_memory_size(st.st_size)) {
+                *v = NULL;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        buf = mmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+        if (buf == MAP_FAILED)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to memory map EFI binary: %m");
+
+        s = mempmem_safe(buf, st.st_size - 8, "#### LoaderInfo: ", 17);
+        if (!s)
+                goto finish;
+
+        e = memmem_safe(s, st.st_size - (s - buf), " ####", 5);
+        if (!e || e - s < 3) {
+                r = log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Malformed version string.");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        x = strndup(s, e - s);
+        if (!x) {
+                r = log_oom();
+                goto finish;
+        }
+        r = 1;
+
+finish:
+        (void) munmap(buf, st.st_size);
+        *v = x;
+        return r;
+}
+
+static const char *get_efi_arch(void) {
+        /* Detect EFI firmware architecture of the running system. On mixed mode systems, it could be 32bit
+         * while the kernel is running in 64bit. */
+
+#ifdef __x86_64__
+        _cleanup_free_ char *platform_size = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = read_one_line_file("/sys/firmware/efi/fw_platform_size", &platform_size);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return EFI_MACHINE_TYPE_NAME;
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_warning_errno(r,
+                        "Error reading EFI firmware word size, assuming machine type '%s': %m",
+                        EFI_MACHINE_TYPE_NAME);
+                return EFI_MACHINE_TYPE_NAME;
+        }
+
+        if (streq(platform_size, "64"))
+                return EFI_MACHINE_TYPE_NAME;
+        if (streq(platform_size, "32"))
+                return "ia32";
+
+        log_warning(
+                "Unknown EFI firmware word size '%s', using machine type '%s'.",
+                platform_size,
+                EFI_MACHINE_TYPE_NAME);
+#endif
+
+        return EFI_MACHINE_TYPE_NAME;
+}
+
+static int enumerate_binaries(
+                const char *esp_path,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *prefix,
+                char **previous,
+                bool *is_first) {
+
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int c = 0, r;
+
+        assert(esp_path);
+        assert(path);
+        assert(previous);
+        assert(is_first);
+
+        r = chase_symlinks_and_opendir(path, esp_path, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT, &p, &d);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return 0;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to read \"%s/%s\": %m", esp_path, path);
+
+        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *v = NULL;
+                _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+                if (!endswith_no_case(de->d_name, ".efi"))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (prefix && !startswith_no_case(de->d_name, prefix))
+                        continue;
+
+                fd = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open \"%s/%s\" for reading: %m", p, de->d_name);
+
+                r = get_file_version(fd, &v);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (*previous) { /* let's output the previous entry now, since now we know that there will be one more, and can draw the tree glyph properly */
+                        printf("         %s %s%s\n",
+                               *is_first ? "File:" : "     ",
+                               special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_BRANCH), *previous);
+                        *is_first = false;
+                        *previous = mfree(*previous);
+                }
+
+                /* Do not output this entry immediately, but store what should be printed in a state
+                 * variable, because we only will know the tree glyph to print (branch or final edge) once we
+                 * read one more entry */
+                if (r > 0)
+                        r = asprintf(previous, "/%s/%s (%s%s%s)", path, de->d_name, ansi_highlight(), v, ansi_normal());
+                else
+                        r = asprintf(previous, "/%s/%s", path, de->d_name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                c++;
+        }
+
+        return c;
+}
+
+static int status_binaries(const char *esp_path, sd_id128_t partition) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *last = NULL;
+        bool is_first = true;
+        int r, k;
+
+        printf("%sAvailable Boot Loaders on ESP:%s\n", ansi_underline(), ansi_normal());
+
+        if (!esp_path) {
+                printf("          ESP: Cannot find or access mount point of ESP.\n\n");
+                return -ENOENT;
+        }
+
+        printf("          ESP: %s", esp_path);
+        if (!sd_id128_is_null(partition))
+                printf(" (/dev/disk/by-partuuid/" SD_ID128_UUID_FORMAT_STR ")", SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(partition));
+        printf("\n");
+
+        r = enumerate_binaries(esp_path, "EFI/systemd", NULL, &last, &is_first);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                printf("\n");
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        k = enumerate_binaries(esp_path, "EFI/BOOT", "boot", &last, &is_first);
+        if (k < 0) {
+                printf("\n");
+                return k;
+        }
+
+        if (last) /* let's output the last entry now, since now we know that there will be no more, and can draw the tree glyph properly */
+                printf("         %s %s%s\n",
+                       is_first ? "File:" : "     ",
+                       special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_RIGHT), last);
+
+        if (r == 0 && !arg_quiet)
+                log_info("systemd-boot not installed in ESP.");
+        if (k == 0 && !arg_quiet)
+                log_info("No default/fallback boot loader installed in ESP.");
+
+        printf("\n");
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int print_efi_option(uint16_t id, int *n_printed, bool in_order) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *title = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+        sd_id128_t partition;
+        bool active;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(n_printed);
+
+        r = efi_get_boot_option(id, &title, &partition, &path, &active);
+        if (r == -ENOENT) {
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Boot option 0x%04X referenced but missing, ignoring: %m", id);
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to read boot option 0x%04X: %m", id);
+
+        /* print only configured entries with partition information */
+        if (!path || sd_id128_is_null(partition)) {
+                log_debug("Ignoring boot entry 0x%04X without partition information.", id);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        efi_tilt_backslashes(path);
+
+        if (*n_printed == 0) /* Print section title before first entry */
+                printf("%sBoot Loaders Listed in EFI Variables:%s\n", ansi_underline(), ansi_normal());
+
+        printf("        Title: %s%s%s\n", ansi_highlight(), strna(title), ansi_normal());
+        printf("           ID: 0x%04X\n", id);
+        printf("       Status: %sactive%s\n", active ? "" : "in", in_order ? ", boot-order" : "");
+        printf("    Partition: /dev/disk/by-partuuid/" SD_ID128_UUID_FORMAT_STR "\n",
+               SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(partition));
+        printf("         File: %s%s\n", special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_RIGHT), path);
+        printf("\n");
+
+        (*n_printed)++;
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int status_variables(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ uint16_t *options = NULL, *order = NULL;
+        int n_options, n_order, n_printed = 0;
+
+        n_options = efi_get_boot_options(&options);
+        if (n_options == -ENOENT)
+                return log_error_errno(n_options,
+                                       "Failed to access EFI variables, efivarfs"
+                                       " needs to be available at /sys/firmware/efi/efivars/.");
+        if (n_options < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(n_options, "Failed to read EFI boot entries: %m");
+
+        n_order = efi_get_boot_order(&order);
+        if (n_order == -ENOENT)
+                n_order = 0;
+        else if (n_order < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(n_order, "Failed to read EFI boot order: %m");
+
+        /* print entries in BootOrder first */
+        for (int i = 0; i < n_order; i++)
+                (void) print_efi_option(order[i], &n_printed, /* in_order= */ true);
+
+        /* print remaining entries */
+        for (int i = 0; i < n_options; i++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < n_order; j++)
+                        if (options[i] == order[j])
+                                goto next_option;
+
+                (void) print_efi_option(options[i], &n_printed, /* in_order= */ false);
+
+        next_option:
+                continue;
+        }
+
+        if (n_printed == 0)
+                printf("No boot loaders listed in EFI Variables.\n\n");
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int boot_config_load_and_select(
+                BootConfig *config,
+                const char *esp_path,
+                dev_t esp_devid,
+                const char *xbootldr_path,
+                dev_t xbootldr_devid) {
+
+        int r;
+
+        /* If XBOOTLDR and ESP actually refer to the same block device, suppress XBOOTLDR, since it would
+         * find the same entries twice. */
+        bool same = esp_path && xbootldr_path && devnum_set_and_equal(esp_devid, xbootldr_devid);
+
+        r = boot_config_load(config, esp_path, same ? NULL : xbootldr_path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!arg_root) {
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **efi_entries = NULL;
+
+                r = efi_loader_get_entries(&efi_entries);
+                if (r == -ENOENT || ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(r))
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Boot loader reported no entries.");
+                else if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to determine entries reported by boot loader, ignoring: %m");
+                else
+                        (void) boot_config_augment_from_loader(config, efi_entries, /* only_auto= */ false);
+        }
+
+        return boot_config_select_special_entries(config, /* skip_efivars= */ !!arg_root);
+}
+
+static int status_entries(
+                const BootConfig *config,
+                const char *esp_path,
+                sd_id128_t esp_partition_uuid,
+                const char *xbootldr_path,
+                sd_id128_t xbootldr_partition_uuid) {
+
+        sd_id128_t dollar_boot_partition_uuid;
+        const char *dollar_boot_path;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(config);
+        assert(esp_path || xbootldr_path);
+
+        if (xbootldr_path) {
+                dollar_boot_path = xbootldr_path;
+                dollar_boot_partition_uuid = xbootldr_partition_uuid;
+        } else {
+                dollar_boot_path = esp_path;
+                dollar_boot_partition_uuid = esp_partition_uuid;
+        }
+
+        printf("%sBoot Loader Entries:%s\n"
+               "        $BOOT: %s", ansi_underline(), ansi_normal(), dollar_boot_path);
+        if (!sd_id128_is_null(dollar_boot_partition_uuid))
+                printf(" (/dev/disk/by-partuuid/" SD_ID128_UUID_FORMAT_STR ")",
+                       SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(dollar_boot_partition_uuid));
+        printf("\n\n");
+
+        if (config->default_entry < 0)
+                printf("%zu entries, no entry could be determined as default.\n", config->n_entries);
+        else {
+                printf("%sDefault Boot Loader Entry:%s\n", ansi_underline(), ansi_normal());
+
+                r = show_boot_entry(
+                                boot_config_default_entry(config),
+                                /* show_as_default= */ false,
+                                /* show_as_selected= */ false,
+                                /* show_discovered= */ false);
+                if (r > 0)
+                        /* < 0 is already logged by the function itself, let's just emit an extra warning if
+                           the default entry is broken */
+                        printf("\nWARNING: default boot entry is broken\n");
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int compare_product(const char *a, const char *b) {
+        size_t x, y;
+
+        assert(a);
+        assert(b);
+
+        x = strcspn(a, " ");
+        y = strcspn(b, " ");
+        if (x != y)
+                return x < y ? -1 : x > y ? 1 : 0;
+
+        return strncmp(a, b, x);
+}
+
+static int compare_version(const char *a, const char *b) {
+        assert(a);
+        assert(b);
+
+        a += strcspn(a, " ");
+        a += strspn(a, " ");
+        b += strcspn(b, " ");
+        b += strspn(b, " ");
+
+        return strverscmp_improved(a, b);
+}
+
+static int version_check(int fd_from, const char *from, int fd_to, const char *to) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fd_from >= 0);
+        assert(from);
+        assert(fd_to >= 0);
+        assert(to);
+
+        r = get_file_version(fd_from, &a);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return log_notice_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EREMOTE),
+                                       "Source file \"%s\" does not carry version information!",
+                                       from);
+
+        r = get_file_version(fd_to, &b);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0 || compare_product(a, b) != 0)
+                return log_notice_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EREMOTE),
+                                        "Skipping \"%s\", since it's owned by another boot loader.",
+                                        to);
+
+        r = compare_version(a, b);
+        log_debug("Comparing versions: \"%s\" %s \"%s", a, comparison_operator(r), b);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_warning_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESTALE),
+                                         "Skipping \"%s\", since newer boot loader version in place already.", to);
+        if (r == 0)
+                return log_info_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESTALE),
+                                      "Skipping \"%s\", since same boot loader version in place already.", to);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int copy_file_with_version_check(const char *from, const char *to, bool force) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd_from = -1, fd_to = -1;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        fd_from = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
+        if (fd_from < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open \"%s\" for reading: %m", from);
+
+        if (!force) {
+                fd_to = open(to, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
+                if (fd_to < 0) {
+                        if (errno != ENOENT)
+                                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open \"%s\" for reading: %m", to);
+                } else {
+                        r = version_check(fd_from, from, fd_to, to);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        if (lseek(fd_from, 0, SEEK_SET) == (off_t) -1)
+                                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to seek in \"%s\": %m", from);
+
+                        fd_to = safe_close(fd_to);
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = tempfn_random(to, NULL, &t);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        RUN_WITH_UMASK(0000) {
+                fd_to = open(t, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_EXCL|O_NOFOLLOW, 0644);
+                if (fd_to < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open \"%s\" for writing: %m", t);
+        }
+
+        r = copy_bytes(fd_from, fd_to, UINT64_MAX, COPY_REFLINK);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                (void) unlink(t);
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to copy data from \"%s\" to \"%s\": %m", from, t);
+        }
+
+        (void) copy_times(fd_from, fd_to, 0);
+
+        r = fsync_full(fd_to);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                (void) unlink_noerrno(t);
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to copy data from \"%s\" to \"%s\": %m", from, t);
+        }
+
+        if (renameat(AT_FDCWD, t, AT_FDCWD, to) < 0) {
+                (void) unlink_noerrno(t);
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to rename \"%s\" to \"%s\": %m", t, to);
+        }
+
+        log_info("Copied \"%s\" to \"%s\".", from, to);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int mkdir_one(const char *prefix, const char *suffix) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+        p = path_join(prefix, suffix);
+        if (mkdir(p, 0700) < 0) {
+                if (errno != EEXIST)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to create \"%s\": %m", p);
+        } else
+                log_info("Created \"%s\".", p);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *const esp_subdirs[] = {
+        /* The directories to place in the ESP */
+        "EFI",
+        "EFI/systemd",
+        "EFI/BOOT",
+        "loader",
+        NULL
+};
+
+static const char *const dollar_boot_subdirs[] = {
+        /* The directories to place in the XBOOTLDR partition or the ESP, depending what exists */
+        "loader",
+        "loader/entries",  /* Type #1 entries */
+        "EFI",
+        "EFI/Linux",       /* Type #2 entries */
+        NULL
+};
+
+static int create_subdirs(const char *root, const char * const *subdirs) {
+        int r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, subdirs) {
+                r = mkdir_one(root, *i);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int copy_one_file(const char *esp_path, const char *name, bool force) {
+        char *root = IN_SET(arg_install_source, ARG_INSTALL_SOURCE_AUTO, ARG_INSTALL_SOURCE_IMAGE) ? arg_root : NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *source_path = NULL, *dest_path = NULL, *p = NULL, *q = NULL;
+        const char *e;
+        char *dest_name, *s;
+        int r, ret;
+
+        dest_name = strdupa_safe(name);
+        s = endswith_no_case(dest_name, ".signed");
+        if (s)
+                *s = 0;
+
+        p = path_join(BOOTLIBDIR, name);
+        if (!p)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = chase_symlinks(p, root, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT, &source_path, NULL);
+        /* If we had a root directory to try, we didn't find it and we are in auto mode, retry on the host */
+        if (r == -ENOENT && root && arg_install_source == ARG_INSTALL_SOURCE_AUTO)
+                r = chase_symlinks(p, NULL, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT, &source_path, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r,
+                                       "Failed to resolve path %s%s%s: %m",
+                                       p,
+                                       root ? " under directory " : "",
+                                       strempty(root));
+
+        q = path_join("/EFI/systemd/", dest_name);
+        if (!q)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = chase_symlinks(q, esp_path, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT | CHASE_NONEXISTENT, &dest_path, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to resolve path %s under directory %s: %m", q, esp_path);
+
+        /* Note that if this fails we do the second copy anyway, but return this error code,
+         * so we stash it away in a separate variable. */
+        ret = copy_file_with_version_check(source_path, dest_path, force);
+
+        e = startswith(dest_name, "systemd-boot");
+        if (e) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *default_dest_path = NULL;
+                char *v;
+
+                /* Create the EFI default boot loader name (specified for removable devices) */
+                v = strjoina("/EFI/BOOT/BOOT", e);
+                ascii_strupper(strrchr(v, '/') + 1);
+
+                r = chase_symlinks(v, esp_path, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT | CHASE_NONEXISTENT, &default_dest_path, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to resolve path %s under directory %s: %m", v, esp_path);
+
+                r = copy_file_with_version_check(source_path, default_dest_path, force);
+                if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
+                        ret = r;
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+static int install_binaries(const char *esp_path, const char *arch, bool force) {
+        char *root = IN_SET(arg_install_source, ARG_INSTALL_SOURCE_AUTO, ARG_INSTALL_SOURCE_IMAGE) ? arg_root : NULL;
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = chase_symlinks_and_opendir(BOOTLIBDIR, root, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT, &path, &d);
+        /* If we had a root directory to try, we didn't find it and we are in auto mode, retry on the host */
+        if (r == -ENOENT && root && arg_install_source == ARG_INSTALL_SOURCE_AUTO)
+                r = chase_symlinks_and_opendir(BOOTLIBDIR, NULL, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT, &path, &d);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open boot loader directory %s%s: %m", strempty(root), BOOTLIBDIR);
+
+        const char *suffix = strjoina(arch, ".efi");
+        const char *suffix_signed = strjoina(arch, ".efi.signed");
+
+        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to read \"%s\": %m", path)) {
+                int k;
+
+                if (!endswith_no_case(de->d_name, suffix) && !endswith_no_case(de->d_name, suffix_signed))
+                        continue;
+
+                /* skip the .efi file, if there's a .signed version of it */
+                if (endswith_no_case(de->d_name, ".efi")) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ const char *s = strjoin(de->d_name, ".signed");
+                        if (!s)
+                                return log_oom();
+                        if (faccessat(dirfd(d), s, F_OK, 0) >= 0)
+                                continue;
+                }
+
+                k = copy_one_file(esp_path, de->d_name, force);
+                /* Don't propagate an error code if no update necessary, installed version already equal or
+                 * newer version, or other boot loader in place. */
+                if (arg_graceful && IN_SET(k, -ESTALE, -EREMOTE))
+                        continue;
+                if (k < 0 && r == 0)
+                        r = k;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static bool same_entry(uint16_t id, sd_id128_t uuid, const char *path) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *opath = NULL;
+        sd_id128_t ouuid;
+        int r;
+
+        r = efi_get_boot_option(id, NULL, &ouuid, &opath, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return false;
+        if (!sd_id128_equal(uuid, ouuid))
+                return false;
+
+        /* Some motherboards convert the path to uppercase under certain circumstances
+         * (e.g. after booting into the Boot Menu in the ASUS ROG STRIX B350-F GAMING),
+         * so use case-insensitive checking */
+        if (!strcaseeq_ptr(path, opath))
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+static int find_slot(sd_id128_t uuid, const char *path, uint16_t *id) {
+        _cleanup_free_ uint16_t *options = NULL;
+
+        int n = efi_get_boot_options(&options);
+        if (n < 0)
+                return n;
+
+        /* find already existing systemd-boot entry */
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
+                if (same_entry(options[i], uuid, path)) {
+                        *id = options[i];
+                        return 1;
+                }
+
+        /* find free slot in the sorted BootXXXX variable list */
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
+                if (i != options[i]) {
+                        *id = i;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+        /* use the next one */
+        if (n == 0xffff)
+                return -ENOSPC;
+        *id = n;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int insert_into_order(uint16_t slot, bool first) {
+        _cleanup_free_ uint16_t *order = NULL;
+        uint16_t *t;
+        int n;
+
+        n = efi_get_boot_order(&order);
+        if (n <= 0)
+                /* no entry, add us */
+                return efi_set_boot_order(&slot, 1);
+
+        /* are we the first and only one? */
+        if (n == 1 && order[0] == slot)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* are we already in the boot order? */
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                if (order[i] != slot)
+                        continue;
+
+                /* we do not require to be the first one, all is fine */
+                if (!first)
+                        return 0;
+
+                /* move us to the first slot */
+                memmove(order + 1, order, i * sizeof(uint16_t));
+                order[0] = slot;
+                return efi_set_boot_order(order, n);
+        }
+
+        /* extend array */
+        t = reallocarray(order, n + 1, sizeof(uint16_t));
+        if (!t)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        order = t;
+
+        /* add us to the top or end of the list */
+        if (first) {
+                memmove(order + 1, order, n * sizeof(uint16_t));
+                order[0] = slot;
+        } else
+                order[n] = slot;
+
+        return efi_set_boot_order(order, n + 1);
+}
+
+static int remove_from_order(uint16_t slot) {
+        _cleanup_free_ uint16_t *order = NULL;
+        int n;
+
+        n = efi_get_boot_order(&order);
+        if (n <= 0)
+                return n;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                if (order[i] != slot)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (i + 1 < n)
+                        memmove(order + i, order + i+1, (n - i) * sizeof(uint16_t));
+                return efi_set_boot_order(order, n - 1);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int install_variables(
+                const char *esp_path,
+                uint32_t part,
+                uint64_t pstart,
+                uint64_t psize,
+                sd_id128_t uuid,
+                const char *path,
+                bool first,
+                bool graceful) {
+
+        uint16_t slot;
+        int r;
+
+        if (arg_root) {
+                log_info("Acting on %s, skipping EFI variable setup.",
+                         arg_image ? "image" : "root directory");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!is_efi_boot()) {
+                log_warning("Not booted with EFI, skipping EFI variable setup.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = chase_symlinks_and_access(path, esp_path, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT, F_OK, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return 0;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Cannot access \"%s/%s\": %m", esp_path, path);
+
+        r = find_slot(uuid, path, &slot);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                int level = graceful ? arg_quiet ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_INFO : LOG_ERR;
+                const char *skip = graceful ? ", skipping" : "";
+
+                log_full_errno(level, r,
+                               r == -ENOENT ?
+                               "Failed to access EFI variables%s. Is the \"efivarfs\" filesystem mounted?" :
+                               "Failed to determine current boot order%s: %m", skip);
+
+                return graceful ? 0 : r;
+        }
+
+        if (first || r == 0) {
+                r = efi_add_boot_option(slot, pick_efi_boot_option_description(),
+                                        part, pstart, psize,
+                                        uuid, path);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        int level = graceful ? arg_quiet ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_INFO : LOG_ERR;
+                        const char *skip = graceful ? ", skipping" : "";
+
+                        log_full_errno(level, r, "Failed to create EFI Boot variable entry%s: %m", skip);
+
+                        return graceful ? 0 : r;
+                }
+
+                log_info("Created EFI boot entry \"%s\".", pick_efi_boot_option_description());
+        }
+
+        return insert_into_order(slot, first);
+}
+
+static int remove_boot_efi(const char *esp_path) {
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r, c = 0;
+
+        r = chase_symlinks_and_opendir("/EFI/BOOT", esp_path, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT, &p, &d);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return 0;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open directory \"%s/EFI/BOOT\": %m", esp_path);
+
+        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
+                _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *v = NULL;
+
+                if (!endswith_no_case(de->d_name, ".efi"))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (!startswith_no_case(de->d_name, "boot"))
+                        continue;
+
+                fd = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open \"%s/%s\" for reading: %m", p, de->d_name);
+
+                r = get_file_version(fd, &v);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r > 0 && startswith(v, "systemd-boot ")) {
+                        r = unlinkat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, 0);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to remove \"%s/%s\": %m", p, de->d_name);
+
+                        log_info("Removed \"%s/%s\".", p, de->d_name);
+                }
+
+                c++;
+        }
+
+        return c;
+}
+
+static int rmdir_one(const char *prefix, const char *suffix) {
+        const char *p;
+
+        p = prefix_roota(prefix, suffix);
+        if (rmdir(p) < 0) {
+                bool ignore = IN_SET(errno, ENOENT, ENOTEMPTY);
+
+                log_full_errno(ignore ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_ERR, errno,
+                               "Failed to remove directory \"%s\": %m", p);
+                if (!ignore)
+                        return -errno;
+        } else
+                log_info("Removed \"%s\".", p);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int remove_subdirs(const char *root, const char *const *subdirs) {
+        int r, q;
+
+        /* We use recursion here to destroy the directories in reverse order. Which should be safe given how
+         * short the array is. */
+
+        if (!subdirs[0]) /* A the end of the list */
+                return 0;
+
+        r = remove_subdirs(root, subdirs + 1);
+        q = rmdir_one(root, subdirs[0]);
+
+        return r < 0 ? r : q;
+}
+
+static int remove_entry_directory(const char *root) {
+        assert(root);
+        assert(arg_make_entry_directory >= 0);
+
+        if (!arg_make_entry_directory || !arg_entry_token)
+                return 0;
+
+        return rmdir_one(root, arg_entry_token);
+}
+
+static int remove_binaries(const char *esp_path) {
+        const char *p;
+        int r, q;
+
+        p = prefix_roota(esp_path, "/EFI/systemd");
+        r = rm_rf(p, REMOVE_ROOT|REMOVE_PHYSICAL);
+
+        q = remove_boot_efi(esp_path);
+        if (q < 0 && r == 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int remove_file(const char *root, const char *file) {
+        const char *p;
+
+        assert(root);
+        assert(file);
+
+        p = prefix_roota(root, file);
+        if (unlink(p) < 0) {
+                log_full_errno(errno == ENOENT ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_ERR, errno,
+                               "Failed to unlink file \"%s\": %m", p);
+
+                return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
+        }
+
+        log_info("Removed \"%s\".", p);
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int remove_variables(sd_id128_t uuid, const char *path, bool in_order) {
+        uint16_t slot;
+        int r;
+
+        if (arg_root || !is_efi_boot())
+                return 0;
+
+        r = find_slot(uuid, path, &slot);
+        if (r != 1)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = efi_remove_boot_option(slot);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (in_order)
+                return remove_from_order(slot);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int remove_loader_variables(void) {
+        int r = 0;
+
+        /* Remove all persistent loader variables we define */
+
+        FOREACH_STRING(var,
+                       EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderConfigTimeout),
+                       EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderConfigTimeoutOneShot),
+                       EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderEntryDefault),
+                       EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderEntryOneShot),
+                       EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderSystemToken)){
+
+                int q;
+
+                q = efi_set_variable(var, NULL, 0);
+                if (q == -ENOENT)
+                        continue;
+                if (q < 0) {
+                        log_warning_errno(q, "Failed to remove EFI variable %s: %m", var);
+                        if (r >= 0)
+                                r = q;
+                } else
+                        log_info("Removed EFI variable %s.", var);
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int install_loader_config(const char *esp_path) {
+        _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep) char *t = NULL;
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        const char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(arg_make_entry_directory >= 0);
+
+        p = prefix_roota(esp_path, "/loader/loader.conf");
+        if (access(p, F_OK) >= 0) /* Silently skip creation if the file already exists (early check) */
+                return 0;
+
+        r = fopen_tmpfile_linkable(p, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC, &t, &f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open \"%s\" for writing: %m", p);
+
+        fprintf(f, "#timeout 3\n"
+                   "#console-mode keep\n");
+
+        if (arg_make_entry_directory) {
+                assert(arg_entry_token);
+                fprintf(f, "default %s-*\n", arg_entry_token);
+        }
+
+        r = flink_tmpfile(f, t, p);
+        if (r == -EEXIST)
+                return 0; /* Silently skip creation if the file exists now (recheck) */
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to move \"%s\" into place: %m", p);
+
+        t = mfree(t);
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int install_loader_specification(const char *root) {
+        _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep) char *t = NULL;
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        p = path_join(root, "/loader/entries.srel");
+        if (!p)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        if (access(p, F_OK) >= 0) /* Silently skip creation if the file already exists (early check) */
+                return 0;
+
+        r = fopen_tmpfile_linkable(p, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC, &t, &f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open \"%s\" for writing: %m", p);
+
+        fprintf(f, "type1\n");
+
+        r = flink_tmpfile(f, t, p);
+        if (r == -EEXIST)
+                return 0; /* Silently skip creation if the file exists now (recheck) */
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to move \"%s\" into place: %m", p);
+
+        t = mfree(t);
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int install_entry_directory(const char *root) {
+        assert(root);
+        assert(arg_make_entry_directory >= 0);
+
+        if (!arg_make_entry_directory)
+                return 0;
+
+        assert(arg_entry_token);
+        return mkdir_one(root, arg_entry_token);
+}
+
+static int install_entry_token(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(arg_make_entry_directory >= 0);
+        assert(arg_entry_token);
+
+        /* Let's save the used entry token in /etc/kernel/entry-token if we used it to create the entry
+         * directory, or if anything else but the machine ID */
+
+        if (!arg_make_entry_directory && arg_entry_token_type == ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_MACHINE_ID)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = write_string_file("/etc/kernel/entry-token", arg_entry_token, WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE|WRITE_STRING_FILE_ATOMIC|WRITE_STRING_FILE_MKDIR_0755);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write entry token '%s' to /etc/kernel/entry-token: %m", arg_entry_token);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int help(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = terminal_urlify_man("bootctl", "1", &link);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        printf("%1$s  [OPTIONS...] COMMAND ...\n"
+               "\n%5$sControl EFI firmware boot settings and manage boot loader.%6$s\n"
+               "\n%3$sGeneric EFI Firmware/Boot Loader Commands:%4$s\n"
+               "  status              Show status of installed boot loader and EFI variables\n"
+               "  reboot-to-firmware [BOOL]\n"
+               "                      Query or set reboot-to-firmware EFI flag\n"
+               "  systemd-efi-options [STRING]\n"
+               "                      Query or set system options string in EFI variable\n"
+               "\n%3$sBoot Loader Specification Commands:%4$s\n"
+               "  list                List boot loader entries\n"
+               "  set-default ID      Set default boot loader entry\n"
+               "  set-oneshot ID      Set default boot loader entry, for next boot only\n"
+               "  set-timeout SECONDS Set the menu timeout\n"
+               "  set-timeout-oneshot SECONDS\n"
+               "                      Set the menu timeout for the next boot only\n"
+               "\n%3$ssystemd-boot Commands:%4$s\n"
+               "  install             Install systemd-boot to the ESP and EFI variables\n"
+               "  update              Update systemd-boot in the ESP and EFI variables\n"
+               "  remove              Remove systemd-boot from the ESP and EFI variables\n"
+               "  is-installed        Test whether systemd-boot is installed in the ESP\n"
+               "  random-seed         Initialize random seed in ESP and EFI variables\n"
+               "\n%3$sOptions:%4$s\n"
+               "  -h --help            Show this help\n"
+               "     --version         Print version\n"
+               "     --esp-path=PATH   Path to the EFI System Partition (ESP)\n"
+               "     --boot-path=PATH  Path to the $BOOT partition\n"
+               "     --root=PATH       Operate on an alternate filesystem root\n"
+               "     --image=PATH      Operate on disk image as filesystem root\n"
+               "     --install-source=auto|image|host\n"
+               "                       Where to pick files when using --root=/--image=\n"
+               "  -p --print-esp-path  Print path to the EFI System Partition\n"
+               "  -x --print-boot-path Print path to the $BOOT partition\n"
+               "     --no-variables    Don't touch EFI variables\n"
+               "     --no-pager        Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
+               "     --graceful        Don't fail when the ESP cannot be found or EFI\n"
+               "                       variables cannot be written\n"
+               "  -q --quiet           Suppress output\n"
+               "     --make-entry-directory=yes|no|auto\n"
+               "                       Create $BOOT/ENTRY-TOKEN/ directory\n"
+               "     --entry-token=machine-id|os-id|os-image-id|auto|literal:…\n"
+               "                       Entry token to use for this installation\n"
+               "     --json=pretty|short|off\n"
+               "                       Generate JSON output\n"
+               "     --all-architectures\n"
+               "                       Install all supported EFI architectures\n"
+               "     --efi-boot-option-description=DESCRIPTION\n"
+               "                       Description of the entry in the boot option list\n"
+               "\nSee the %2$s for details.\n",
+               program_invocation_short_name,
+               link,
+               ansi_underline(),
+               ansi_normal(),
+               ansi_highlight(),
+               ansi_normal());
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        enum {
+                ARG_ESP_PATH = 0x100,
+                ARG_BOOT_PATH,
+                ARG_ROOT,
+                ARG_IMAGE,
+                ARG_INSTALL_SOURCE,
+                ARG_VERSION,
+                ARG_NO_VARIABLES,
+                ARG_NO_PAGER,
+                ARG_GRACEFUL,
+                ARG_MAKE_ENTRY_DIRECTORY,
+                ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN,
+                ARG_JSON,
+                ARG_ARCH_ALL,
+                ARG_EFI_BOOT_OPTION_DESCRIPTION,
+        };
+
+        static const struct option options[] = {
+                { "help",                        no_argument,       NULL, 'h'                             },
+                { "version",                     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION                     },
+                { "esp-path",                    required_argument, NULL, ARG_ESP_PATH                    },
+                { "path",                        required_argument, NULL, ARG_ESP_PATH                    }, /* Compatibility alias */
+                { "boot-path",                   required_argument, NULL, ARG_BOOT_PATH                   },
+                { "root",                        required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT                        },
+                { "image",                       required_argument, NULL, ARG_IMAGE                       },
+                { "install-source",              required_argument, NULL, ARG_INSTALL_SOURCE              },
+                { "print-esp-path",              no_argument,       NULL, 'p'                             },
+                { "print-path",                  no_argument,       NULL, 'p'                             }, /* Compatibility alias */
+                { "print-boot-path",             no_argument,       NULL, 'x'                             },
+                { "no-variables",                no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_VARIABLES                },
+                { "no-pager",                    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER                    },
+                { "graceful",                    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_GRACEFUL                    },
+                { "quiet",                       no_argument,       NULL, 'q'                             },
+                { "make-entry-directory",        required_argument, NULL, ARG_MAKE_ENTRY_DIRECTORY        },
+                { "make-machine-id-directory",   required_argument, NULL, ARG_MAKE_ENTRY_DIRECTORY        }, /* Compatibility alias */
+                { "entry-token",                 required_argument, NULL, ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN                 },
+                { "json",                        required_argument, NULL, ARG_JSON                        },
+                { "all-architectures",           no_argument,       NULL, ARG_ARCH_ALL                    },
+                { "efi-boot-option-description", required_argument, NULL, ARG_EFI_BOOT_OPTION_DESCRIPTION },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        int c, r;
+        bool b;
+
+        assert(argc >= 0);
+        assert(argv);
+
+        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hpx", options, NULL)) >= 0)
+                switch (c) {
+
+                case 'h':
+                        help(0, NULL, NULL);
+                        return 0;
+
+                case ARG_VERSION:
+                        return version();
+
+                case ARG_ESP_PATH:
+                        r = free_and_strdup(&arg_esp_path, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_BOOT_PATH:
+                        r = free_and_strdup(&arg_xbootldr_path, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_ROOT:
+                        r = parse_path_argument(optarg, /* suppress_root= */ true, &arg_root);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_IMAGE:
+                        r = parse_path_argument(optarg, /* suppress_root= */ false, &arg_image);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_INSTALL_SOURCE:
+                        if (streq(optarg, "auto"))
+                                arg_install_source = ARG_INSTALL_SOURCE_AUTO;
+                        else if (streq(optarg, "image"))
+                                arg_install_source = ARG_INSTALL_SOURCE_IMAGE;
+                        else if (streq(optarg, "host"))
+                                arg_install_source = ARG_INSTALL_SOURCE_HOST;
+                        else
+                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                                       "Unexpected parameter for --install-source=: %s", optarg);
+
+                        break;
+
+                case 'p':
+                        if (arg_print_dollar_boot_path)
+                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                                       "--print-boot-path/-x cannot be combined with --print-esp-path/-p");
+                        arg_print_esp_path = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'x':
+                        if (arg_print_esp_path)
+                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                                       "--print-boot-path/-x cannot be combined with --print-esp-path/-p");
+                        arg_print_dollar_boot_path = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NO_VARIABLES:
+                        arg_touch_variables = false;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NO_PAGER:
+                        arg_pager_flags |= PAGER_DISABLE;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_GRACEFUL:
+                        arg_graceful = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'q':
+                        arg_quiet = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN: {
+                        const char *e;
+
+                        if (streq(optarg, "machine-id")) {
+                                arg_entry_token_type = ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_MACHINE_ID;
+                                arg_entry_token = mfree(arg_entry_token);
+                        } else if (streq(optarg, "os-image-id")) {
+                                arg_entry_token_type = ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_OS_IMAGE_ID;
+                                arg_entry_token = mfree(arg_entry_token);
+                        } else if (streq(optarg, "os-id")) {
+                                arg_entry_token_type = ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_OS_ID;
+                                arg_entry_token = mfree(arg_entry_token);
+                        } else if ((e = startswith(optarg, "literal:"))) {
+                                arg_entry_token_type = ARG_ENTRY_TOKEN_LITERAL;
+
+                                r = free_and_strdup_warn(&arg_entry_token, e);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                        } else
+                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                                       "Unexpected parameter for --entry-token=: %s", optarg);
+
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case ARG_MAKE_ENTRY_DIRECTORY:
+                        if (streq(optarg, "auto"))  /* retained for backwards compatibility */
+                                arg_make_entry_directory = -1; /* yes if machine-id is permanent */
+                        else {
+                                r = parse_boolean_argument("--make-entry-directory=", optarg, &b);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+
+                                arg_make_entry_directory = b;
+                        }
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_JSON:
+                        r = parse_json_argument(optarg, &arg_json_format_flags);
+                        if (r <= 0)
+                                return r;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_ARCH_ALL:
+                        arg_arch_all = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_EFI_BOOT_OPTION_DESCRIPTION:
+                        if (isempty(optarg) || !(string_is_safe(optarg) && utf8_is_valid(optarg))) {
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *escaped = NULL;
+
+                                escaped = cescape(optarg);
+                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                                       "Invalid --efi-boot-option-description=: %s", strna(escaped));
+                        }
+                        if (strlen(optarg) > EFI_BOOT_OPTION_DESCRIPTION_MAX)
+                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                                       "--efi-boot-option-description= too long: %zu > %zu", strlen(optarg), EFI_BOOT_OPTION_DESCRIPTION_MAX);
+                        r = free_and_strdup_warn(&arg_efi_boot_option_description, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        break;
+
+                case '?':
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached();
+                }
+
+        if ((arg_root || arg_image) && argv[optind] && !STR_IN_SET(argv[optind], "status", "list",
+                        "install", "update", "remove", "is-installed", "random-seed"))
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                       "Options --root= and --image= are not supported with verb %s.",
+                                       argv[optind]);
+
+        if (arg_root && arg_image)
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Please specify either --root= or --image=, the combination of both is not supported.");
+
+        if (arg_install_source != ARG_INSTALL_SOURCE_AUTO && !arg_root && !arg_image)
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "--install-from-host is only supported with --root= or --image=.");
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static void read_efi_var(const char *variable, char **ret) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = efi_get_variable_string(variable, ret);
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to read EFI variable %s: %m", variable);
+}
+
+static void print_yes_no_line(bool first, bool good, const char *name) {
+        printf("%s%s %s\n",
+               first ? "     Features: " : "               ",
+               COLOR_MARK_BOOL(good),
+               name);
+}
+
+static int are_we_installed(const char *esp_path) {
+        int r;
+
+        /* Tests whether systemd-boot is installed. It's not obvious what to use as check here: we could
+         * check EFI variables, we could check what binary /EFI/BOOT/BOOT*.EFI points to, or whether the
+         * loader entries directory exists. Here we opted to check whether /EFI/systemd/ is non-empty, which
+         * should be a suitable and very minimal check for a number of reasons:
+         *
+         *  → The check is architecture independent (i.e. we check if any systemd-boot loader is installed,
+         *    not a specific one.)
+         *
+         *  → It doesn't assume we are the only boot loader (i.e doesn't check if we own the main
+         *    /EFI/BOOT/BOOT*.EFI fallback binary.
+         *
+         *  → It specifically checks for systemd-boot, not for other boot loaders (which a check for
+         *    /boot/loader/entries would do). */
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = path_join(esp_path, "/EFI/systemd/");
+        if (!p)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        log_debug("Checking whether %s contains any files%s", p, special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ELLIPSIS));
+        r = dir_is_empty(p, /* ignore_hidden_or_backup= */ false);
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to check whether %s contains any files: %m", p);
+
+        return r == 0;
+}
+
+static int verb_status(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        sd_id128_t esp_uuid = SD_ID128_NULL, xbootldr_uuid = SD_ID128_NULL;
+        dev_t esp_devid = 0, xbootldr_devid = 0;
+        int r, k;
+
+        r = acquire_esp(/* unprivileged_mode= */ geteuid() != 0, /* graceful= */ false, NULL, NULL, NULL, &esp_uuid, &esp_devid);
+        if (arg_print_esp_path) {
+                if (r == -EACCES) /* If we couldn't acquire the ESP path, log about access errors (which is the only
+                                   * error the find_esp_and_warn() won't log on its own) */
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine ESP location: %m");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                puts(arg_esp_path);
+        }
+
+        r = acquire_xbootldr(/* unprivileged_mode= */ geteuid() != 0, &xbootldr_uuid, &xbootldr_devid);
+        if (arg_print_dollar_boot_path) {
+                if (r == -EACCES)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine XBOOTLDR partition: %m");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                const char *path = arg_dollar_boot_path();
+                if (!path)
+                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EACCES), "Failed to determine XBOOTLDR location: %m");
+
+                puts(path);
+        }
+
+        if (arg_print_esp_path || arg_print_dollar_boot_path)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = 0; /* If we couldn't determine the path, then don't consider that a problem from here on, just
+                * show what we can show */
+
+        pager_open(arg_pager_flags);
+
+        if (!arg_root && is_efi_boot()) {
+                static const struct {
+                        uint64_t flag;
+                        const char *name;
+                } loader_flags[] = {
+                        { EFI_LOADER_FEATURE_BOOT_COUNTING,           "Boot counting"                         },
+                        { EFI_LOADER_FEATURE_CONFIG_TIMEOUT,          "Menu timeout control"                  },
+                        { EFI_LOADER_FEATURE_CONFIG_TIMEOUT_ONE_SHOT, "One-shot menu timeout control"         },
+                        { EFI_LOADER_FEATURE_ENTRY_DEFAULT,           "Default entry control"                 },
+                        { EFI_LOADER_FEATURE_ENTRY_ONESHOT,           "One-shot entry control"                },
+                        { EFI_LOADER_FEATURE_XBOOTLDR,                "Support for XBOOTLDR partition"        },
+                        { EFI_LOADER_FEATURE_RANDOM_SEED,             "Support for passing random seed to OS" },
+                        { EFI_LOADER_FEATURE_LOAD_DRIVER,             "Load drop-in drivers"                  },
+                        { EFI_LOADER_FEATURE_SORT_KEY,                "Support Type #1 sort-key field"        },
+                        { EFI_LOADER_FEATURE_SAVED_ENTRY,             "Support @saved pseudo-entry"           },
+                        { EFI_LOADER_FEATURE_DEVICETREE,              "Support Type #1 devicetree field"      },
+                };
+                static const struct {
+                        uint64_t flag;
+                        const char *name;
+                } stub_flags[] = {
+                        { EFI_STUB_FEATURE_REPORT_BOOT_PARTITION,     "Stub sets ESP information"                            },
+                        { EFI_STUB_FEATURE_PICK_UP_CREDENTIALS,       "Picks up credentials from boot partition"             },
+                        { EFI_STUB_FEATURE_PICK_UP_SYSEXTS,           "Picks up system extension images from boot partition" },
+                        { EFI_STUB_FEATURE_THREE_PCRS,                "Measures kernel+command line+sysexts"                 },
+                };
+                _cleanup_free_ char *fw_type = NULL, *fw_info = NULL, *loader = NULL, *loader_path = NULL, *stub = NULL;
+                sd_id128_t loader_part_uuid = SD_ID128_NULL;
+                uint64_t loader_features = 0, stub_features = 0;
+                Tpm2Support s;
+                int have;
+
+                read_efi_var(EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderFirmwareType), &fw_type);
+                read_efi_var(EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderFirmwareInfo), &fw_info);
+                read_efi_var(EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderInfo), &loader);
+                read_efi_var(EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(StubInfo), &stub);
+                read_efi_var(EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderImageIdentifier), &loader_path);
+                (void) efi_loader_get_features(&loader_features);
+                (void) efi_stub_get_features(&stub_features);
+
+                if (loader_path)
+                        efi_tilt_backslashes(loader_path);
+
+                k = efi_loader_get_device_part_uuid(&loader_part_uuid);
+                if (k < 0 && k != -ENOENT)
+                        r = log_warning_errno(k, "Failed to read EFI variable LoaderDevicePartUUID: %m");
+
+                SecureBootMode secure = efi_get_secure_boot_mode();
+                printf("%sSystem:%s\n", ansi_underline(), ansi_normal());
+                printf("      Firmware: %s%s (%s)%s\n", ansi_highlight(), strna(fw_type), strna(fw_info), ansi_normal());
+                printf(" Firmware Arch: %s\n", get_efi_arch());
+                printf("   Secure Boot: %sd (%s)\n",
+                       enable_disable(IN_SET(secure, SECURE_BOOT_USER, SECURE_BOOT_DEPLOYED)),
+                       secure_boot_mode_to_string(secure));
+
+                s = tpm2_support();
+                printf("  TPM2 Support: %s%s%s\n",
+                       FLAGS_SET(s, TPM2_SUPPORT_FIRMWARE|TPM2_SUPPORT_DRIVER) ? ansi_highlight_green() :
+                       (s & (TPM2_SUPPORT_FIRMWARE|TPM2_SUPPORT_DRIVER)) != 0 ? ansi_highlight_red() : ansi_highlight_yellow(),
+                       FLAGS_SET(s, TPM2_SUPPORT_FIRMWARE|TPM2_SUPPORT_DRIVER) ? "yes" :
+                       (s & TPM2_SUPPORT_FIRMWARE) ? "firmware only, driver unavailable" :
+                       (s & TPM2_SUPPORT_DRIVER) ? "driver only, firmware unavailable" : "no",
+                       ansi_normal());
+
+                k = efi_get_reboot_to_firmware();
+                if (k > 0)
+                        printf("  Boot into FW: %sactive%s\n", ansi_highlight_yellow(), ansi_normal());
+                else if (k == 0)
+                        printf("  Boot into FW: supported\n");
+                else if (k == -EOPNOTSUPP)
+                        printf("  Boot into FW: not supported\n");
+                else {
+                        errno = -k;
+                        printf("  Boot into FW: %sfailed%s (%m)\n", ansi_highlight_red(), ansi_normal());
+                }
+                printf("\n");
+
+                printf("%sCurrent Boot Loader:%s\n", ansi_underline(), ansi_normal());
+                printf("      Product: %s%s%s\n", ansi_highlight(), strna(loader), ansi_normal());
+
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(loader_flags); i++)
+                        print_yes_no_line(i == 0, FLAGS_SET(loader_features, loader_flags[i].flag), loader_flags[i].name);
+
+                sd_id128_t bootloader_esp_uuid;
+                bool have_bootloader_esp_uuid = efi_loader_get_device_part_uuid(&bootloader_esp_uuid) >= 0;
+
+                print_yes_no_line(false, have_bootloader_esp_uuid, "Boot loader sets ESP information");
+                if (have_bootloader_esp_uuid && !sd_id128_is_null(esp_uuid) &&
+                    !sd_id128_equal(esp_uuid, bootloader_esp_uuid))
+                        printf("WARNING: The boot loader reports a different ESP UUID than detected ("SD_ID128_UUID_FORMAT_STR" vs. "SD_ID128_UUID_FORMAT_STR")!\n",
+                               SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(bootloader_esp_uuid),
+                               SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(esp_uuid));
+
+                if (stub) {
+                        printf("         Stub: %s\n", stub);
+                        for (size_t i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(stub_flags); i++)
+                                print_yes_no_line(i == 0, FLAGS_SET(stub_features, stub_flags[i].flag), stub_flags[i].name);
+                }
+                if (!sd_id128_is_null(loader_part_uuid))
+                        printf("          ESP: /dev/disk/by-partuuid/" SD_ID128_UUID_FORMAT_STR "\n",
+                               SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(loader_part_uuid));
+                else
+                        printf("          ESP: n/a\n");
+                printf("         File: %s%s\n", special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_RIGHT), strna(loader_path));
+                printf("\n");
+
+                printf("%sRandom Seed:%s\n", ansi_underline(), ansi_normal());
+                have = access(EFIVAR_PATH(EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderRandomSeed)), F_OK) >= 0;
+                printf(" Passed to OS: %s\n", yes_no(have));
+                have = access(EFIVAR_PATH(EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderSystemToken)), F_OK) >= 0;
+                printf(" System Token: %s\n", have ? "set" : "not set");
+
+                if (arg_esp_path) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+                        p = path_join(arg_esp_path, "/loader/random-seed");
+                        if (!p)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        have = access(p, F_OK) >= 0;
+                        printf("       Exists: %s\n", yes_no(have));
+                }
+
+                printf("\n");
+        } else
+                printf("%sSystem:%s\n"
+                       "Not booted with EFI\n\n",
+                       ansi_underline(), ansi_normal());
+
+        if (arg_esp_path) {
+                k = status_binaries(arg_esp_path, esp_uuid);
+                if (k < 0)
+                        r = k;
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_root && is_efi_boot()) {
+                k = status_variables();
+                if (k < 0)
+                        r = k;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_esp_path || arg_xbootldr_path) {
+                _cleanup_(boot_config_free) BootConfig config = BOOT_CONFIG_NULL;
+
+                k = boot_config_load_and_select(&config,
+                                                arg_esp_path, esp_devid,
+                                                arg_xbootldr_path, xbootldr_devid);
+                if (k < 0)
+                        r = k;
+                else {
+                        k = status_entries(&config,
+                                           arg_esp_path, esp_uuid,
+                                           arg_xbootldr_path, xbootldr_uuid);
+                        if (k < 0)
+                                r = k;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int verb_list(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(boot_config_free) BootConfig config = BOOT_CONFIG_NULL;
+        dev_t esp_devid = 0, xbootldr_devid = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        /* If we lack privileges we invoke find_esp_and_warn() in "unprivileged mode" here, which does two
+         * things: turn off logging about access errors and turn off potentially privileged device probing.
+         * Here we're interested in the latter but not the former, hence request the mode, and log about
+         * EACCES. */
+
+        r = acquire_esp(/* unprivileged_mode= */ geteuid() != 0, /* graceful= */ false, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, &esp_devid);
+        if (r == -EACCES) /* We really need the ESP path for this call, hence also log about access errors */
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine ESP location: %m");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = acquire_xbootldr(/* unprivileged_mode= */ geteuid() != 0, NULL, &xbootldr_devid);
+        if (r == -EACCES)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine XBOOTLDR partition: %m");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = boot_config_load_and_select(&config, arg_esp_path, esp_devid, arg_xbootldr_path, xbootldr_devid);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (config.n_entries == 0 && FLAGS_SET(arg_json_format_flags, JSON_FORMAT_OFF)) {
+                log_info("No boot loader entries found.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        pager_open(arg_pager_flags);
+        return show_boot_entries(&config, arg_json_format_flags);
+}
+
+static int install_random_seed(const char *esp) {
+        _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep) char *tmp = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ void *buffer = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        size_t sz, token_size;
+        ssize_t n;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(esp);
+
+        path = path_join(esp, "/loader/random-seed");
+        if (!path)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        sz = random_pool_size();
+
+        buffer = malloc(sz);
+        if (!buffer)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = crypto_random_bytes(buffer, sz);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to acquire random seed: %m");
+
+        /* Normally create_subdirs() should already have created everything we need, but in case "bootctl
+         * random-seed" is called we want to just create the minimum we need for it, and not the full
+         * list. */
+        r = mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create parent directory for %s: %m", path);
+
+        r = tempfn_random(path, "bootctl", &tmp);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        fd = open(tmp, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOCTTY|O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC, 0600);
+        if (fd < 0) {
+                tmp = mfree(tmp);
+                return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to open random seed file for writing: %m");
+        }
+
+        n = write(fd, buffer, sz);
+        if (n < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to write random seed file: %m");
+        if ((size_t) n != sz)
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO), "Short write while writing random seed file.");
+
+        if (rename(tmp, path) < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to move random seed file into place: %m");
+
+        tmp = mfree(tmp);
+
+        log_info("Random seed file %s successfully written (%zu bytes).", path, sz);
+
+        if (!arg_touch_variables)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (!is_efi_boot()) {
+                log_notice("Not booted with EFI, skipping EFI variable setup.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_root) {
+                log_warning("Acting on %s, skipping EFI variable setup.",
+                             arg_image ? "image" : "root directory");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_WRITE_SYSTEM_TOKEN");
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (r != -ENXIO)
+                         log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse $SYSTEMD_WRITE_SYSTEM_TOKEN, ignoring.");
+
+                if (detect_vm() > 0) {
+                        /* Let's not write a system token if we detect we are running in a VM
+                         * environment. Why? Our default security model for the random seed uses the system
+                         * token as a mechanism to ensure we are not vulnerable to golden master sloppiness
+                         * issues, i.e. that people initialize the random seed file, then copy the image to
+                         * many systems and end up with the same random seed in each that is assumed to be
+                         * valid but in reality is the same for all machines. By storing a system token in
+                         * the EFI variable space we can make sure that even though the random seeds on disk
+                         * are all the same they will be different on each system under the assumption that
+                         * the EFI variable space is maintained separate from the random seed storage. That
+                         * is generally the case on physical systems, as the ESP is stored on persistent
+                         * storage, and the EFI variables in NVRAM. However in virtualized environments this
+                         * is generally not true: the EFI variable set is typically stored along with the
+                         * disk image itself. For example, using the OVMF EFI firmware the EFI variables are
+                         * stored in a file in the ESP itself. */
+
+                        log_notice("Not installing system token, since we are running in a virtualized environment.");
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        } else if (r == 0) {
+                log_notice("Not writing system token, because $SYSTEMD_WRITE_SYSTEM_TOKEN is set to false.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = efi_get_variable(EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderSystemToken), NULL, NULL, &token_size);
+        if (r == -ENODATA)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "LoaderSystemToken EFI variable is invalid (too short?), replacing.");
+        else if (r < 0) {
+                if (r != -ENOENT)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to test system token validity: %m");
+        } else {
+                if (token_size >= sz) {
+                        /* Let's avoid writes if we can, and initialize this only once. */
+                        log_debug("System token already written, not updating.");
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                log_debug("Existing system token size (%zu) does not match our expectations (%zu), replacing.", token_size, sz);
+        }
+
+        r = crypto_random_bytes(buffer, sz);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to acquire random seed: %m");
+
+        /* Let's write this variable with an umask in effect, so that unprivileged users can't see the token
+         * and possibly get identification information or too much insight into the kernel's entropy pool
+         * state. */
+        RUN_WITH_UMASK(0077) {
+                r = efi_set_variable(EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderSystemToken), buffer, sz);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (!arg_graceful)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write 'LoaderSystemToken' EFI variable: %m");
+
+                        if (r == -EINVAL)
+                                log_warning_errno(r, "Unable to write 'LoaderSystemToken' EFI variable (firmware problem?), ignoring: %m");
+                        else
+                                log_warning_errno(r, "Unable to write 'LoaderSystemToken' EFI variable, ignoring: %m");
+                } else
+                        log_info("Successfully initialized system token in EFI variable with %zu bytes.", sz);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int sync_everything(void) {
+        int ret = 0, k;
+
+        if (arg_esp_path) {
+                k = syncfs_path(AT_FDCWD, arg_esp_path);
+                if (k < 0)
+                        ret = log_error_errno(k, "Failed to synchronize the ESP '%s': %m", arg_esp_path);
+        }
+
+        if (arg_xbootldr_path) {
+                k = syncfs_path(AT_FDCWD, arg_xbootldr_path);
+                if (k < 0)
+                        ret = log_error_errno(k, "Failed to synchronize $BOOT '%s': %m", arg_xbootldr_path);
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+static int verb_install(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        sd_id128_t uuid = SD_ID128_NULL;
+        uint64_t pstart = 0, psize = 0;
+        uint32_t part = 0;
+        bool install, graceful;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Invoked for both "update" and "install" */
+
+        install = streq(argv[0], "install");
+        graceful = !install && arg_graceful; /* support graceful mode for updates */
+
+        r = acquire_esp(/* unprivileged_mode= */ false, graceful, &part, &pstart, &psize, &uuid, NULL);
+        if (graceful && r == -ENOKEY)
+                return 0; /* If --graceful is specified and we can't find an ESP, handle this cleanly */
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!install) {
+                /* If we are updating, don't do anything if sd-boot wasn't actually installed. */
+                r = are_we_installed(arg_esp_path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        log_debug("Skipping update because sd-boot is not installed in the ESP.");
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = acquire_xbootldr(/* unprivileged_mode= */ false, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = settle_make_entry_directory();
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        const char *arch = arg_arch_all ? "" : get_efi_arch();
+
+        RUN_WITH_UMASK(0002) {
+                if (install) {
+                        /* Don't create any of these directories when we are just updating. When we update
+                         * we'll drop-in our files (unless there are newer ones already), but we won't create
+                         * the directories for them in the first place. */
+                        r = create_subdirs(arg_esp_path, esp_subdirs);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = create_subdirs(arg_dollar_boot_path(), dollar_boot_subdirs);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                r = install_binaries(arg_esp_path, arch, install);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (install) {
+                        r = install_loader_config(arg_esp_path);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = install_entry_directory(arg_dollar_boot_path());
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = install_entry_token();
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = install_random_seed(arg_esp_path);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                r = install_loader_specification(arg_dollar_boot_path());
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        (void) sync_everything();
+
+        if (!arg_touch_variables)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (arg_arch_all) {
+                log_info("Not changing EFI variables with --all-architectures.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        char *path = strjoina("/EFI/systemd/systemd-boot", arch, ".efi");
+        return install_variables(arg_esp_path, part, pstart, psize, uuid, path, install, graceful);
+}
+
+static int verb_remove(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        sd_id128_t uuid = SD_ID128_NULL;
+        int r, q;
+
+        r = acquire_esp(/* unprivileged_mode= */ false, /* graceful= */ false, NULL, NULL, NULL, &uuid, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = acquire_xbootldr(/* unprivileged_mode= */ false, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = settle_make_entry_directory();
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = remove_binaries(arg_esp_path);
+
+        q = remove_file(arg_esp_path, "/loader/loader.conf");
+        if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        q = remove_file(arg_esp_path, "/loader/random-seed");
+        if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        q = remove_file(arg_esp_path, "/loader/entries.srel");
+        if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        q = remove_subdirs(arg_esp_path, esp_subdirs);
+        if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        q = remove_subdirs(arg_esp_path, dollar_boot_subdirs);
+        if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        q = remove_entry_directory(arg_esp_path);
+        if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        if (arg_xbootldr_path) {
+                /* Remove a subset of these also from the XBOOTLDR partition if it exists */
+
+                q = remove_file(arg_xbootldr_path, "/loader/entries.srel");
+                if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                        r = q;
+
+                q = remove_subdirs(arg_xbootldr_path, dollar_boot_subdirs);
+                if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                        r = q;
+
+                q = remove_entry_directory(arg_xbootldr_path);
+                if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                        r = q;
+        }
+
+        (void) sync_everything();
+
+        if (!arg_touch_variables)
+                return r;
+
+        if (arg_arch_all) {
+                log_info("Not changing EFI variables with --all-architectures.");
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        char *path = strjoina("/EFI/systemd/systemd-boot", get_efi_arch(), ".efi");
+        q = remove_variables(uuid, path, true);
+        if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        q = remove_loader_variables();
+        if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int verb_is_installed(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = acquire_esp(/* privileged_mode= */ false,
+                        /* graceful= */ arg_graceful,
+                        NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = are_we_installed(arg_esp_path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (r > 0) {
+                if (!arg_quiet)
+                        puts("yes");
+                return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+        } else {
+                if (!arg_quiet)
+                        puts("no");
+                return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        }
+}
+
+static int parse_timeout(const char *arg1, char16_t **ret_timeout, size_t *ret_timeout_size) {
+        char utf8[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(usec_t)];
+        char16_t *encoded;
+        usec_t timeout;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(arg1);
+        assert(ret_timeout);
+        assert(ret_timeout_size);
+
+        if (streq(arg1, "menu-force"))
+                timeout = USEC_INFINITY;
+        else if (streq(arg1, "menu-hidden"))
+                timeout = 0;
+        else {
+                r = parse_time(arg1, &timeout, USEC_PER_SEC);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse timeout '%s': %m", arg1);
+                if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY && timeout > UINT32_MAX * USEC_PER_SEC)
+                        log_warning("Timeout is too long and will be treated as 'menu-force' instead.");
+        }
+
+        xsprintf(utf8, USEC_FMT, MIN(timeout / USEC_PER_SEC, UINT32_MAX));
+
+        encoded = utf8_to_utf16(utf8, strlen(utf8));
+        if (!encoded)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        *ret_timeout = encoded;
+        *ret_timeout_size = char16_strlen(encoded) * 2 + 2;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_loader_entry_target_arg(const char *arg1, char16_t **ret_target, size_t *ret_target_size) {
+        char16_t *encoded = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(arg1);
+        assert(ret_target);
+        assert(ret_target_size);
+
+        if (streq(arg1, "@current")) {
+                r = efi_get_variable(EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderEntrySelected), NULL, (void *) ret_target, ret_target_size);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get EFI variable 'LoaderEntrySelected': %m");
+
+        } else if (streq(arg1, "@oneshot")) {
+                r = efi_get_variable(EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderEntryOneShot), NULL, (void *) ret_target, ret_target_size);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get EFI variable 'LoaderEntryOneShot': %m");
+
+        } else if (streq(arg1, "@default")) {
+                r = efi_get_variable(EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderEntryDefault), NULL, (void *) ret_target, ret_target_size);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get EFI variable 'LoaderEntryDefault': %m");
+
+        } else if (arg1[0] == '@' && !streq(arg1, "@saved"))
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Unsupported special entry identifier: %s", arg1);
+        else {
+                encoded = utf8_to_utf16(arg1, strlen(arg1));
+                if (!encoded)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                *ret_target = encoded;
+                *ret_target_size = char16_strlen(encoded) * 2 + 2;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int verb_set_efivar(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (arg_root)
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP),
+                                       "Acting on %s, skipping EFI variable setup.",
+                                       arg_image ? "image" : "root directory");
+
+        if (!is_efi_boot())
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP),
+                                       "Not booted with UEFI.");
+
+        if (access(EFIVAR_PATH(EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderInfo)), F_OK) < 0) {
+                if (errno == ENOENT) {
+                        log_error_errno(errno, "Not booted with a supported boot loader.");
+                        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+                }
+
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to detect whether boot loader supports '%s' operation: %m", argv[0]);
+        }
+
+        if (detect_container() > 0)
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP),
+                                       "'%s' operation not supported in a container.",
+                                       argv[0]);
+
+        if (!arg_touch_variables)
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                       "'%s' operation cannot be combined with --no-variables.",
+                                       argv[0]);
+
+        const char *variable;
+        int (* arg_parser)(const char *, char16_t **, size_t *);
+
+        if (streq(argv[0], "set-default")) {
+                variable = EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderEntryDefault);
+                arg_parser = parse_loader_entry_target_arg;
+        } else if (streq(argv[0], "set-oneshot")) {
+                variable = EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderEntryOneShot);
+                arg_parser = parse_loader_entry_target_arg;
+        } else if (streq(argv[0], "set-timeout")) {
+                variable = EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderConfigTimeout);
+                arg_parser = parse_timeout;
+        } else if (streq(argv[0], "set-timeout-oneshot")) {
+                variable = EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(LoaderConfigTimeoutOneShot);
+                arg_parser = parse_timeout;
+        } else
+                assert_not_reached();
+
+        if (isempty(argv[1])) {
+                r = efi_set_variable(variable, NULL, 0);
+                if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to remove EFI variable '%s': %m", variable);
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_free_ char16_t *value = NULL;
+                size_t value_size = 0;
+
+                r = arg_parser(argv[1], &value, &value_size);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                r = efi_set_variable(variable, value, value_size);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to update EFI variable '%s': %m", variable);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int verb_random_seed(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = find_esp_and_warn(arg_root, arg_esp_path, false, &arg_esp_path, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r == -ENOKEY) {
+                /* find_esp_and_warn() doesn't warn about ENOKEY, so let's do that on our own */
+                if (!arg_graceful)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Unable to find ESP.");
+
+                log_notice("No ESP found, not initializing random seed.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = install_random_seed(arg_esp_path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        (void) sync_everything();
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int verb_systemd_efi_options(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (argc == 1) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *new = NULL;
+
+                r = systemd_efi_options_variable(&line);
+                if (r == -ENODATA)
+                        log_debug("No SystemdOptions EFI variable present in cache.");
+                else if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to read SystemdOptions EFI variable from cache: %m");
+                else
+                        puts(line);
+
+                r = systemd_efi_options_efivarfs_if_newer(&new);
+                if (r == -ENODATA) {
+                        if (line)
+                                log_notice("Note: SystemdOptions EFI variable has been removed since boot.");
+                } else if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to check SystemdOptions EFI variable in efivarfs, ignoring: %m");
+                else if (new && !streq_ptr(line, new))
+                        log_notice("Note: SystemdOptions EFI variable has been modified since boot. New value: %s",
+                                   new);
+        } else {
+                r = efi_set_variable_string(EFI_SYSTEMD_VARIABLE(SystemdOptions), argv[1]);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set SystemdOptions EFI variable: %m");
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int verb_reboot_to_firmware(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (argc < 2) {
+                r = efi_get_reboot_to_firmware();
+                if (r > 0) {
+                        puts("active");
+                        return EXIT_SUCCESS; /* success */
+                }
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        puts("supported");
+                        return 1; /* recognizable error #1 */
+                }
+                if (r == -EOPNOTSUPP) {
+                        puts("not supported");
+                        return 2; /* recognizable error #2 */
+                }
+
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to query reboot-to-firmware state: %m");
+                return 3; /* other kind of error */
+        } else {
+                r = parse_boolean(argv[1]);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse argument: %s", argv[1]);
+
+                r = efi_set_reboot_to_firmware(r);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set reboot-to-firmware option: %m");
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+}
+
+static int bootctl_main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        static const Verb verbs[] = {
+                { "help",                VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0,            help                     },
+                { "status",              VERB_ANY, 1,        VERB_DEFAULT, verb_status              },
+                { "install",             VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            verb_install             },
+                { "update",              VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            verb_install             },
+                { "remove",              VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            verb_remove              },
+                { "is-installed",        VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            verb_is_installed        },
+                { "list",                VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            verb_list                },
+                { "set-default",         2,        2,        0,            verb_set_efivar          },
+                { "set-oneshot",         2,        2,        0,            verb_set_efivar          },
+                { "set-timeout",         2,        2,        0,            verb_set_efivar          },
+                { "set-timeout-oneshot", 2,        2,        0,            verb_set_efivar          },
+                { "random-seed",         VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            verb_random_seed         },
+                { "systemd-efi-options", VERB_ANY, 2,        0,            verb_systemd_efi_options },
+                { "reboot-to-firmware",  VERB_ANY, 2,        0,            verb_reboot_to_firmware  },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        return dispatch_verb(argc, argv, verbs, NULL);
+}
+
+static int run(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        _cleanup_(loop_device_unrefp) LoopDevice *loop_device = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(umount_and_rmdir_and_freep) char *unlink_dir = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        log_parse_environment();
+        log_open();
+
+        /* If we run in a container, automatically turn off EFI file system access */
+        if (detect_container() > 0)
+                arg_touch_variables = false;
+
+        r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Open up and mount the image */
+        if (arg_image) {
+                assert(!arg_root);
+
+                r = mount_image_privately_interactively(
+                                arg_image,
+                                DISSECT_IMAGE_GENERIC_ROOT |
+                                DISSECT_IMAGE_RELAX_VAR_CHECK,
+                                &unlink_dir,
+                                &loop_device);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                arg_root = strdup(unlink_dir);
+                if (!arg_root)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+
+        return bootctl_main(argc, argv);
+}
+
+DEFINE_MAIN_FUNCTION_WITH_POSITIVE_FAILURE(run);