Adding upstream version 252.22.upstream/252.22upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 3715 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/shared/install.c b/src/shared/install.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84d29dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/shared/install.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3715 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <fnmatch.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "chase-symlinks.h"
+#include "conf-files.h"
+#include "conf-parser.h"
+#include "def.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "errno-list.h"
+#include "extract-word.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "install-printf.h"
+#include "install.h"
+#include "locale-util.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "mkdir-label.h"
+#include "path-lookup.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "rm-rf.h"
+#include "set.h"
+#include "special.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "unit-file.h"
+
+#define UNIT_FILE_FOLLOW_SYMLINK_MAX 64
+
+typedef enum SearchFlags {
+        SEARCH_LOAD                   = 1 << 0,
+        SEARCH_FOLLOW_CONFIG_SYMLINKS = 1 << 1,
+        SEARCH_DROPIN                 = 1 << 2,
+} SearchFlags;
+
+typedef struct {
+        LookupScope scope;
+        OrderedHashmap *will_process;
+        OrderedHashmap *have_processed;
+} InstallContext;
+
+typedef enum {
+        PRESET_UNKNOWN,
+        PRESET_ENABLE,
+        PRESET_DISABLE,
+} PresetAction;
+
+struct UnitFilePresetRule {
+        char *pattern;
+        PresetAction action;
+        char **instances;
+};
+
+static bool install_info_has_rules(const InstallInfo *i) {
+        assert(i);
+
+        return !strv_isempty(i->aliases) ||
+               !strv_isempty(i->wanted_by) ||
+               !strv_isempty(i->required_by);
+}
+
+static bool install_info_has_also(const InstallInfo *i) {
+        assert(i);
+
+        return !strv_isempty(i->also);
+}
+
+void unit_file_presets_freep(UnitFilePresets *p) {
+        if (!p)
+                return;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < p->n_rules; i++) {
+                free(p->rules[i].pattern);
+                strv_free(p->rules[i].instances);
+        }
+
+        free(p->rules);
+        p->n_rules = 0;
+}
+
+static const char *const install_mode_table[_INSTALL_MODE_MAX] = {
+        [INSTALL_MODE_REGULAR] = "regular",
+        [INSTALL_MODE_LINKED]  = "linked",
+        [INSTALL_MODE_ALIAS]   = "alias",
+        [INSTALL_MODE_MASKED]  = "masked",
+};
+
+DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(install_mode, InstallMode);
+
+static int in_search_path(const LookupPaths *lp, const char *path) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Check if 'path' is in lp->search_path. */
+
+        r = path_extract_directory(ASSERT_PTR(path), &parent);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return path_strv_contains(ASSERT_PTR(lp)->search_path, parent);
+}
+
+static int underneath_search_path(const LookupPaths *lp, const char *path) {
+        /* Check if 'path' is underneath lp->search_path. */
+
+        return !!path_startswith_strv(ASSERT_PTR(path), ASSERT_PTR(lp)->search_path);
+}
+
+static const char* skip_root(const char *root_dir, const char *path) {
+        assert(path);
+
+        if (!root_dir)
+                return path;
+
+        const char *e = path_startswith(path, root_dir);
+        if (!e)
+                return NULL;
+
+        /* Make sure the returned path starts with a slash */
+        if (e[0] != '/') {
+                if (e == path || e[-1] != '/')
+                        return NULL;
+
+                e--;
+        }
+
+        return e;
+}
+
+static int path_is_generator(const LookupPaths *lp, const char *path) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(path);
+
+        r = path_extract_directory(path, &parent);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return path_equal_ptr(parent, lp->generator) ||
+               path_equal_ptr(parent, lp->generator_early) ||
+               path_equal_ptr(parent, lp->generator_late);
+}
+
+static int path_is_transient(const LookupPaths *lp, const char *path) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(path);
+
+        r = path_extract_directory(path, &parent);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return path_equal_ptr(parent, lp->transient);
+}
+
+static int path_is_control(const LookupPaths *lp, const char *path) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(path);
+
+        r = path_extract_directory(path, &parent);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return path_equal_ptr(parent, lp->persistent_control) ||
+               path_equal_ptr(parent, lp->runtime_control);
+}
+
+static int path_is_config(const LookupPaths *lp, const char *path, bool check_parent) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(path);
+
+        /* Note that we do *not* have generic checks for /etc or /run in place, since with
+         * them we couldn't discern configuration from transient or generated units */
+
+        if (check_parent) {
+                r = path_extract_directory(path, &parent);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                path = parent;
+        }
+
+        return path_equal_ptr(path, lp->persistent_config) ||
+               path_equal_ptr(path, lp->runtime_config);
+}
+
+static int path_is_runtime(const LookupPaths *lp, const char *path, bool check_parent) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
+        const char *rpath;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(path);
+
+        /* Everything in /run is considered runtime. On top of that we also add
+         * explicit checks for the various runtime directories, as safety net. */
+
+        rpath = skip_root(lp->root_dir, path);
+        if (rpath && path_startswith(rpath, "/run"))
+                return true;
+
+        if (check_parent) {
+                r = path_extract_directory(path, &parent);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                path = parent;
+        }
+
+        return path_equal_ptr(path, lp->runtime_config) ||
+               path_equal_ptr(path, lp->generator) ||
+               path_equal_ptr(path, lp->generator_early) ||
+               path_equal_ptr(path, lp->generator_late) ||
+               path_equal_ptr(path, lp->transient) ||
+               path_equal_ptr(path, lp->runtime_control);
+}
+
+static int path_is_vendor_or_generator(const LookupPaths *lp, const char *path) {
+        const char *rpath;
+
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(path);
+
+        rpath = skip_root(lp->root_dir, path);
+        if (!rpath)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (path_startswith(rpath, "/usr"))
+                return true;
+
+#if HAVE_SPLIT_USR
+        if (path_startswith(rpath, "/lib"))
+                return true;
+#endif
+
+        if (path_is_generator(lp, rpath))
+                return true;
+
+        return path_equal(rpath, SYSTEM_DATA_UNIT_DIR);
+}
+
+static const char* config_path_from_flags(const LookupPaths *lp, UnitFileFlags flags) {
+        assert(lp);
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, UNIT_FILE_PORTABLE))
+                return FLAGS_SET(flags, UNIT_FILE_RUNTIME) ? lp->runtime_attached : lp->persistent_attached;
+        else
+                return FLAGS_SET(flags, UNIT_FILE_RUNTIME) ? lp->runtime_config : lp->persistent_config;
+}
+
+InstallChangeType install_changes_add(
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes,
+                InstallChangeType type, /* INSTALL_CHANGE_SYMLINK, _UNLINK, _IS_MASKED, _IS_DANGLING, … if positive or errno if negative */
+                const char *path,
+                const char *source) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *s = NULL;
+        InstallChange *c;
+
+        assert(!changes == !n_changes);
+        assert(INSTALL_CHANGE_TYPE_VALID(type));
+
+        /* Message formatting requires <path> to be set. */
+        assert(path);
+
+        /* Register a change or error. Note that the return value may be the error
+         * that was passed in, or -ENOMEM generated internally. */
+
+        if (!changes)
+                return type;
+
+        c = reallocarray(*changes, *n_changes + 1, sizeof(InstallChange));
+        if (!c)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        *changes = c;
+
+        if (path) {
+                p = strdup(path);
+                if (!p)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                path_simplify(p);
+        }
+
+        if (source) {
+                s = strdup(source);
+                if (!s)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                path_simplify(s);
+        }
+
+        c[(*n_changes)++] = (InstallChange) {
+                .type = type,
+                .path = TAKE_PTR(p),
+                .source = TAKE_PTR(s),
+        };
+
+        return type;
+}
+
+void install_changes_free(InstallChange *changes, size_t n_changes) {
+        assert(changes || n_changes == 0);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n_changes; i++) {
+                free(changes[i].path);
+                free(changes[i].source);
+        }
+
+        free(changes);
+}
+
+void install_changes_dump(int r, const char *verb, const InstallChange *changes, size_t n_changes, bool quiet) {
+        int err = 0;
+
+        assert(changes || n_changes == 0);
+        /* If verb is not specified, errors are not allowed! */
+        assert(verb || r >= 0);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n_changes; i++) {
+                if (changes[i].type < 0)
+                        assert(verb);
+                assert(changes[i].path);
+
+                /* When making changes here, make sure to also change install_error() in dbus-manager.c. */
+
+                switch (changes[i].type) {
+                case INSTALL_CHANGE_SYMLINK:
+                        if (!quiet)
+                                log_info("Created symlink %s %s %s.",
+                                         changes[i].path,
+                                         special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT),
+                                         changes[i].source);
+                        break;
+                case INSTALL_CHANGE_UNLINK:
+                        if (!quiet)
+                                log_info("Removed \"%s\".", changes[i].path);
+                        break;
+                case INSTALL_CHANGE_IS_MASKED:
+                        if (!quiet)
+                                log_info("Unit %s is masked, ignoring.", changes[i].path);
+                        break;
+                case INSTALL_CHANGE_IS_MASKED_GENERATOR:
+                        if (!quiet)
+                                log_info("Unit %s is masked via a generator and cannot be unmasked.",
+                                         changes[i].path);
+                        break;
+                case INSTALL_CHANGE_IS_DANGLING:
+                        if (!quiet)
+                                log_info("Unit %s is an alias to a unit that is not present, ignoring.",
+                                         changes[i].path);
+                        break;
+                case INSTALL_CHANGE_DESTINATION_NOT_PRESENT:
+                        if (!quiet)
+                                log_warning("Unit %s is added as a dependency to a non-existent unit %s.",
+                                            changes[i].source, changes[i].path);
+                        break;
+                case INSTALL_CHANGE_AUXILIARY_FAILED:
+                        if (!quiet)
+                                log_warning("Failed to enable auxiliary unit %s, ignoring.", changes[i].path);
+                        break;
+                case -EEXIST:
+                        if (changes[i].source)
+                                err = log_error_errno(changes[i].type,
+                                                      "Failed to %s unit, file \"%s\" already exists and is a symlink to \"%s\".",
+                                                      verb, changes[i].path, changes[i].source);
+                        else
+                                err = log_error_errno(changes[i].type,
+                                                      "Failed to %s unit, file \"%s\" already exists.",
+                                                      verb, changes[i].path);
+                        break;
+                case -ERFKILL:
+                        err = log_error_errno(changes[i].type, "Failed to %s unit, unit %s is masked.",
+                                              verb, changes[i].path);
+                        break;
+                case -EADDRNOTAVAIL:
+                        err = log_error_errno(changes[i].type, "Failed to %s unit, unit %s is transient or generated.",
+                                              verb, changes[i].path);
+                        break;
+                case -ETXTBSY:
+                        err = log_error_errno(changes[i].type, "Failed to %s unit, file %s is under the systemd unit hierarchy already.",
+                                              verb, changes[i].path);
+                        break;
+                case -EBADSLT:
+                        err = log_error_errno(changes[i].type, "Failed to %s unit, invalid specifier in \"%s\".",
+                                              verb, changes[i].path);
+                        break;
+                case -EIDRM:
+                        err = log_error_errno(changes[i].type, "Failed to %s %s, destination unit %s is a non-template unit.",
+                                              verb, changes[i].source, changes[i].path);
+                        break;
+                case -EUCLEAN:
+                        err = log_error_errno(changes[i].type,
+                                              "Failed to %s unit, \"%s\" is not a valid unit name.",
+                                              verb, changes[i].path);
+                        break;
+                case -ELOOP:
+                        err = log_error_errno(changes[i].type, "Failed to %s unit, refusing to operate on linked unit file %s.",
+                                              verb, changes[i].path);
+                        break;
+                case -EXDEV:
+                        if (changes[i].source)
+                                err = log_error_errno(changes[i].type, "Failed to %s unit, cannot alias %s as %s.",
+                                                      verb, changes[i].source, changes[i].path);
+                        else
+                                err = log_error_errno(changes[i].type, "Failed to %s unit, invalid unit reference \"%s\".",
+                                                      verb, changes[i].path);
+                        break;
+                case -ENOENT:
+                        err = log_error_errno(changes[i].type, "Failed to %s unit, unit %s does not exist.",
+                                              verb, changes[i].path);
+                        break;
+                case -EUNATCH:
+                        err = log_error_errno(changes[i].type, "Failed to %s unit, cannot resolve specifiers in \"%s\".",
+                                              verb, changes[i].path);
+                        break;
+                default:
+                        assert(changes[i].type < 0);
+                        err = log_error_errno(changes[i].type, "Failed to %s unit, file \"%s\": %m",
+                                              verb, changes[i].path);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (r < 0 && err >= 0)
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to %s: %m.", verb);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if two symlink targets (starting from src) are equivalent as far as the unit enablement logic is
+ * concerned. If the target is in the unit search path, then anything with the same name is equivalent.
+ * If outside the unit search path, paths must be identical.
+ */
+static int chroot_unit_symlinks_equivalent(
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                const char *src,
+                const char *target_a,
+                const char *target_b) {
+
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(src);
+        assert(target_a);
+        assert(target_b);
+
+        /* This will give incorrect results if the paths are relative and go outside
+         * of the chroot. False negatives are possible. */
+
+        const char *root = lp->root_dir ?: "/";
+        _cleanup_free_ char *dirname = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!path_is_absolute(target_a) || !path_is_absolute(target_b)) {
+                r = path_extract_directory(src, &dirname);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *a = path_join(path_is_absolute(target_a) ? root : dirname, target_a);
+        _cleanup_free_ char *b = path_join(path_is_absolute(target_b) ? root : dirname, target_b);
+        if (!a || !b)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = path_equal_or_files_same(a, b, 0);
+        if (r != 0)
+                return r;
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *a_name = NULL, *b_name = NULL;
+        r = path_extract_filename(a, &a_name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        r = path_extract_filename(b, &b_name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return streq(a_name, b_name) &&
+               path_startswith_strv(a, lp->search_path) &&
+               path_startswith_strv(b, lp->search_path);
+}
+
+static int create_symlink(
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                const char *old_path,
+                const char *new_path,
+                bool force,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *dest = NULL;
+        const char *rp;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(old_path);
+        assert(new_path);
+
+        rp = skip_root(lp->root_dir, old_path);
+        if (rp)
+                old_path = rp;
+
+        /* Actually create a symlink, and remember that we did. This function is
+         * smart enough to check if there's already a valid symlink in place.
+         *
+         * Returns 1 if a symlink was created or already exists and points to the
+         * right place, or negative on error.
+         */
+
+        (void) mkdir_parents_label(new_path, 0755);
+
+        if (symlink(old_path, new_path) >= 0) {
+                r = install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, INSTALL_CHANGE_SYMLINK, new_path, old_path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        if (errno != EEXIST)
+                return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, -errno, new_path, NULL);
+
+        r = readlink_malloc(new_path, &dest);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                /* translate EINVAL (non-symlink exists) to EEXIST */
+                if (r == -EINVAL)
+                        r = -EEXIST;
+
+                return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, r, new_path, NULL);
+        }
+
+        if (chroot_unit_symlinks_equivalent(lp, new_path, dest, old_path)) {
+                log_debug("Symlink %s %s %s already exists",
+                          new_path, special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT), dest);
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        if (!force)
+                return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, -EEXIST, new_path, dest);
+
+        r = symlink_atomic(old_path, new_path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, r, new_path, NULL);
+
+        r = install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, INSTALL_CHANGE_UNLINK, new_path, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        r = install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, INSTALL_CHANGE_SYMLINK, new_path, old_path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int mark_symlink_for_removal(
+                Set **remove_symlinks_to,
+                const char *p) {
+
+        char *n;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(p);
+
+        r = set_ensure_allocated(remove_symlinks_to, &path_hash_ops);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        n = strdup(p);
+        if (!n)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        path_simplify(n);
+
+        r = set_consume(*remove_symlinks_to, n);
+        if (r == -EEXIST)
+                return 0;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int remove_marked_symlinks_fd(
+                Set *remove_symlinks_to,
+                int fd,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *config_path,
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                bool dry_run,
+                bool *restart,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+        int r = 0;
+
+        assert(remove_symlinks_to);
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert(path);
+        assert(config_path);
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(restart);
+
+        d = fdopendir(fd);
+        if (!d) {
+                safe_close(fd);
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        rewinddir(d);
+
+        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, return -errno)
+
+                if (de->d_type == DT_DIR) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+                        int nfd, q;
+
+                        nfd = openat(fd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW);
+                        if (nfd < 0) {
+                                if (errno == ENOENT)
+                                        continue;
+
+                                if (r == 0)
+                                        r = -errno;
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        p = path_make_absolute(de->d_name, path);
+                        if (!p) {
+                                safe_close(nfd);
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+                        }
+
+                        /* This will close nfd, regardless whether it succeeds or not */
+                        q = remove_marked_symlinks_fd(remove_symlinks_to, nfd, p, config_path, lp, dry_run, restart, changes, n_changes);
+                        if (q < 0 && r == 0)
+                                r = q;
+
+                } else if (de->d_type == DT_LNK) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+                        bool found;
+                        int q;
+
+                        if (!unit_name_is_valid(de->d_name, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                                continue;
+
+                        p = path_make_absolute(de->d_name, path);
+                        if (!p)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+                        path_simplify(p);
+
+                        /* We remove all links pointing to a file or path that is marked, as well as all
+                         * files sharing the same name as a file that is marked, and files sharing the same
+                         * name after the instance has been removed. Do path chasing only if we don't already
+                         * know that we want to remove the symlink. */
+                        found = set_contains(remove_symlinks_to, de->d_name);
+
+                        if (!found) {
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *template = NULL;
+
+                                q = unit_name_template(de->d_name, &template);
+                                if (q < 0 && q != -EINVAL)
+                                        return q;
+                                if (q >= 0)
+                                        found = set_contains(remove_symlinks_to, template);
+                        }
+
+                        if (!found) {
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *dest = NULL;
+
+                                q = chase_symlinks(p, lp->root_dir, CHASE_NONEXISTENT, &dest, NULL);
+                                if (q == -ENOENT)
+                                        continue;
+                                if (q < 0) {
+                                        log_debug_errno(q, "Failed to resolve symlink \"%s\": %m", p);
+                                        install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, q, p, NULL);
+
+                                        if (r == 0)
+                                                r = q;
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+
+                                found = set_contains(remove_symlinks_to, dest) ||
+                                        set_contains(remove_symlinks_to, basename(dest));
+
+                        }
+
+
+                        if (!found)
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (!dry_run) {
+                                if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
+                                        if (r == 0)
+                                                r = -errno;
+                                        install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, -errno, p, NULL);
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+
+                                (void) rmdir_parents(p, config_path);
+                        }
+
+                        q = install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, INSTALL_CHANGE_UNLINK, p, NULL);
+                        if (q < 0)
+                                return q;
+
+                        /* Now, remember the full path (but with the root prefix removed) of
+                         * the symlink we just removed, and remove any symlinks to it, too. */
+
+                        const char *rp = skip_root(lp->root_dir, p);
+                        q = mark_symlink_for_removal(&remove_symlinks_to, rp ?: p);
+                        if (q < 0)
+                                return q;
+                        if (q > 0 && !dry_run)
+                                *restart = true;
+                }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int remove_marked_symlinks(
+                Set *remove_symlinks_to,
+                const char *config_path,
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                bool dry_run,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        bool restart;
+        int r = 0;
+
+        assert(config_path);
+        assert(lp);
+
+        if (set_size(remove_symlinks_to) <= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        fd = open(config_path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
+
+        do {
+                int q, cfd;
+                restart = false;
+
+                cfd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 3);
+                if (cfd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                /* This takes possession of cfd and closes it */
+                q = remove_marked_symlinks_fd(remove_symlinks_to, cfd, config_path, config_path, lp, dry_run, &restart, changes, n_changes);
+                if (r == 0)
+                        r = q;
+        } while (restart);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int is_symlink_with_known_name(const InstallInfo *i, const char *name) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (streq(name, i->name))
+                return true;
+
+        if (strv_contains(i->aliases, name))
+                return true;
+
+        /* Look for template symlink matching DefaultInstance */
+        if (i->default_instance && unit_name_is_valid(i->name, UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE)) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+
+                r = unit_name_replace_instance(i->name, i->default_instance, &s);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (r != -EINVAL)
+                                return r;
+
+                } else if (streq(name, s))
+                        return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+static int find_symlinks_in_directory(
+                DIR *dir,
+                const char *dir_path,
+                const char *root_dir,
+                const InstallInfo *info,
+                bool ignore_destination,
+                bool match_name,
+                bool ignore_same_name,
+                const char *config_path,
+                bool *same_name_link) {
+
+        int r = 0;
+
+        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, dir, return -errno) {
+                bool found_path = false, found_dest = false, b = false;
+                int q;
+
+                if (de->d_type != DT_LNK)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (!ignore_destination) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *dest = NULL;
+
+                        /* Acquire symlink destination */
+                        q = readlinkat_malloc(dirfd(dir), de->d_name, &dest);
+                        if (q == -ENOENT)
+                                continue;
+                        if (q < 0) {
+                                if (r == 0)
+                                        r = q;
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        /* Make absolute */
+                        if (!path_is_absolute(dest)) {
+                                char *x;
+
+                                x = path_join(dir_path, dest);
+                                if (!x)
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                free_and_replace(dest, x);
+                        }
+
+                        /* Check if what the symlink points to matches what we are looking for */
+                        found_dest = streq(basename(dest), info->name);
+                }
+
+                assert(unit_name_is_valid(info->name, UNIT_NAME_ANY));
+
+                /* Check if the symlink itself matches what we are looking for.
+                 *
+                 * If ignore_destination is specified, we only look at the source name.
+                 *
+                 * If ignore_same_name is specified, we are in one of the directories which
+                 * have lower priority than the unit file, and even if a file or symlink with
+                 * this name was found, we should ignore it. */
+
+                if (ignore_destination || !ignore_same_name)
+                        found_path = streq(de->d_name, info->name);
+
+                if (!found_path && ignore_destination) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *template = NULL;
+
+                        q = unit_name_template(de->d_name, &template);
+                        if (q < 0 && q != -EINVAL)
+                                return q;
+                        if (q >= 0)
+                                found_dest = streq(template, info->name);
+                }
+
+                if (found_path && found_dest) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *t = NULL;
+
+                        /* Filter out same name links in the main config path */
+                        p = path_make_absolute(de->d_name, dir_path);
+                        t = path_make_absolute(info->name, config_path);
+
+                        if (!p || !t)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        b = path_equal(p, t);
+                }
+
+                if (b)
+                        *same_name_link = true;
+                else if (found_path || found_dest) {
+                        if (!match_name)
+                                return 1;
+
+                        /* Check if symlink name is in the set of names used by [Install] */
+                        q = is_symlink_with_known_name(info, de->d_name);
+                        if (q < 0)
+                                return q;
+                        if (q > 0)
+                                return 1;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int find_symlinks(
+                const char *root_dir,
+                const InstallInfo *i,
+                bool match_name,
+                bool ignore_same_name,
+                const char *config_path,
+                bool *same_name_link) {
+
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *config_dir = NULL;
+        int r = 0;
+
+        assert(i);
+        assert(config_path);
+        assert(same_name_link);
+
+        config_dir = opendir(config_path);
+        if (!config_dir) {
+                if (IN_SET(errno, ENOENT, ENOTDIR, EACCES))
+                        return 0;
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, config_dir, return -errno) {
+                const char *suffix;
+                _cleanup_free_ const char *path = NULL;
+                _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+
+                if (de->d_type != DT_DIR)
+                        continue;
+
+                suffix = strrchr(de->d_name, '.');
+                if (!STRPTR_IN_SET(suffix, ".wants", ".requires"))
+                        continue;
+
+                path = path_join(config_path, de->d_name);
+                if (!path)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                d = opendir(path);
+                if (!d) {
+                        log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open directory \"%s\" while scanning for symlinks, ignoring: %m", path);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = find_symlinks_in_directory(d, path, root_dir, i,
+                                               /* ignore_destination= */ true,
+                                               /* match_name= */ match_name,
+                                               /* ignore_same_name= */ ignore_same_name,
+                                               config_path,
+                                               same_name_link);
+                if (r > 0)
+                        return 1;
+                else if (r < 0)
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to look up symlinks in \"%s\": %m", path);
+        }
+
+        /* We didn't find any suitable symlinks in .wants or .requires directories, let's look for linked unit files in this directory. */
+        rewinddir(config_dir);
+        return find_symlinks_in_directory(config_dir, config_path, root_dir, i,
+                                          /* ignore_destination= */ false,
+                                          /* match_name= */ match_name,
+                                          /* ignore_same_name= */ ignore_same_name,
+                                          config_path,
+                                          same_name_link);
+}
+
+static int find_symlinks_in_scope(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                const InstallInfo *info,
+                bool match_name,
+                UnitFileState *state) {
+
+        bool same_name_link_runtime = false, same_name_link_config = false;
+        bool enabled_in_runtime = false, enabled_at_all = false;
+        bool ignore_same_name = false;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(info);
+
+        /* As we iterate over the list of search paths in lp->search_path, we may encounter "same name"
+         * symlinks. The ones which are "below" (i.e. have lower priority) than the unit file itself are
+         * effectively masked, so we should ignore them. */
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(p, lp->search_path)  {
+                bool same_name_link = false;
+
+                r = find_symlinks(lp->root_dir, info, match_name, ignore_same_name, *p, &same_name_link);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r > 0) {
+                        /* We found symlinks in this dir? Yay! Let's see where precisely it is enabled. */
+
+                        if (path_equal_ptr(*p, lp->persistent_config)) {
+                                /* This is the best outcome, let's return it immediately. */
+                                *state = UNIT_FILE_ENABLED;
+                                return 1;
+                        }
+
+                        /* look for global enablement of user units */
+                        if (scope == LOOKUP_SCOPE_USER && path_is_user_config_dir(*p)) {
+                                *state = UNIT_FILE_ENABLED;
+                                return 1;
+                        }
+
+                        r = path_is_runtime(lp, *p, false);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        if (r > 0)
+                                enabled_in_runtime = true;
+                        else
+                                enabled_at_all = true;
+
+                } else if (same_name_link) {
+                        if (path_equal_ptr(*p, lp->persistent_config))
+                                same_name_link_config = true;
+                        else {
+                                r = path_is_runtime(lp, *p, false);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                                if (r > 0)
+                                        same_name_link_runtime = true;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                /* Check if next iteration will be "below" the unit file (either a regular file
+                 * or a symlink), and hence should be ignored */
+                if (!ignore_same_name && path_startswith(info->path, *p))
+                        ignore_same_name = true;
+        }
+
+        if (enabled_in_runtime) {
+                *state = UNIT_FILE_ENABLED_RUNTIME;
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        /* Here's a special rule: if the unit we are looking for is an instance, and it symlinked in the search path
+         * outside of runtime and configuration directory, then we consider it statically enabled. Note we do that only
+         * for instance, not for regular names, as those are merely aliases, while instances explicitly instantiate
+         * something, and hence are a much stronger concept. */
+        if (enabled_at_all && unit_name_is_valid(info->name, UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE)) {
+                *state = UNIT_FILE_STATIC;
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        /* Hmm, we didn't find it, but maybe we found the same name
+         * link? */
+        if (same_name_link_config) {
+                *state = UNIT_FILE_LINKED;
+                return 1;
+        }
+        if (same_name_link_runtime) {
+                *state = UNIT_FILE_LINKED_RUNTIME;
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void install_info_clear(InstallInfo *i) {
+        if (!i)
+                return;
+
+        i->name = mfree(i->name);
+        i->path = mfree(i->path);
+        i->root = mfree(i->root);
+        i->aliases = strv_free(i->aliases);
+        i->wanted_by = strv_free(i->wanted_by);
+        i->required_by = strv_free(i->required_by);
+        i->also = strv_free(i->also);
+        i->default_instance = mfree(i->default_instance);
+        i->symlink_target = mfree(i->symlink_target);
+}
+
+static InstallInfo* install_info_free(InstallInfo *i) {
+        install_info_clear(i);
+        return mfree(i);
+}
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(InstallInfo*, install_info_free);
+
+static void install_context_done(InstallContext *ctx) {
+        assert(ctx);
+
+        ctx->will_process = ordered_hashmap_free_with_destructor(ctx->will_process, install_info_free);
+        ctx->have_processed = ordered_hashmap_free_with_destructor(ctx->have_processed, install_info_free);
+}
+
+static InstallInfo *install_info_find(InstallContext *ctx, const char *name) {
+        InstallInfo *i;
+
+        i = ordered_hashmap_get(ctx->have_processed, name);
+        if (i)
+                return i;
+
+        return ordered_hashmap_get(ctx->will_process, name);
+}
+
+static int install_info_may_process(
+                const InstallInfo *i,
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+        assert(i);
+        assert(lp);
+
+        /* Checks whether the loaded unit file is one we should process, or is masked,
+         * transient or generated and thus not subject to enable/disable operations. */
+
+        if (i->install_mode == INSTALL_MODE_MASKED)
+                return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, -ERFKILL, i->path, NULL);
+        if (path_is_generator(lp, i->path) ||
+            path_is_transient(lp, i->path))
+                return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, -EADDRNOTAVAIL, i->path, NULL);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds a new InstallInfo entry under name in the InstallContext.will_process
+ * hashmap, or retrieves the existing one if already present.
+ *
+ * Returns negative on error, 0 if the unit was already known, 1 otherwise.
+ */
+static int install_info_add(
+                InstallContext *ctx,
+                const char *name,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *root,
+                bool auxiliary,
+                InstallInfo **ret) {
+
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ctx);
+
+        if (!name) {
+                /* 'name' and 'path' must not both be null. Check here 'path' using assert_se() to
+                 * workaround a bug in gcc that generates a -Wnonnull warning when calling basename(),
+                 * but this cannot be possible in any code path (See #6119). */
+                assert_se(path);
+                name = basename(path);
+        }
+
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(name, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        InstallInfo *i = install_info_find(ctx, name);
+        if (i) {
+                i->auxiliary = i->auxiliary && auxiliary;
+
+                if (ret)
+                        *ret = i;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        _cleanup_(install_info_freep) InstallInfo *alloc = new(InstallInfo, 1);
+        if (!alloc)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *alloc = (InstallInfo) {
+                .install_mode = _INSTALL_MODE_INVALID,
+                .auxiliary = auxiliary,
+        };
+
+        alloc->name = strdup(name);
+        if (!alloc->name)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (root) {
+                alloc->root = strdup(root);
+                if (!alloc->root)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        if (path) {
+                alloc->path = strdup(path);
+                if (!alloc->path)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        r = ordered_hashmap_ensure_put(&ctx->will_process, &string_hash_ops, alloc->name, alloc);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        i = TAKE_PTR(alloc);
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = i;
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int config_parse_alias(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        UnitType type;
+
+        assert(unit);
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        type = unit_name_to_type(unit);
+        if (!unit_type_may_alias(type))
+                return log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                                  "Alias= is not allowed for %s units, ignoring.",
+                                  unit_type_to_string(type));
+
+        return config_parse_strv(unit, filename, line, section, section_line,
+                                 lvalue, ltype, rvalue, data, userdata);
+}
+
+static int config_parse_also(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        InstallInfo *info = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        InstallContext *ctx = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        int r;
+
+        assert(unit);
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL, *printed = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&rvalue, &word, NULL, 0);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                r = install_name_printf(ctx->scope, info, word, &printed);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                          "Failed to resolve unit name in Also=\"%s\": %m", word);
+
+                r = install_info_add(ctx, printed, NULL, info->root, /* auxiliary= */ true, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = strv_push(&info->also, printed);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                printed = NULL;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int config_parse_default_instance(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        InstallContext *ctx = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        InstallInfo *info = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        _cleanup_free_ char *printed = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(unit);
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (unit_name_is_valid(unit, UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE))
+                /* When enabling an instance, we might be using a template unit file,
+                 * but we should ignore DefaultInstance silently. */
+                return 0;
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(unit, UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE))
+                return log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                                  "DefaultInstance= only makes sense for template units, ignoring.");
+
+        r = install_name_printf(ctx->scope, info, rvalue, &printed);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                  "Failed to resolve instance name in DefaultInstance=\"%s\": %m", rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(printed))
+                printed = mfree(printed);
+
+        if (printed && !unit_instance_is_valid(printed))
+                return log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                  "Invalid DefaultInstance= value \"%s\".", printed);
+
+        return free_and_replace(info->default_instance, printed);
+}
+
+static int unit_file_load(
+                InstallContext *ctx,
+                InstallInfo *info,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *root_dir,
+                SearchFlags flags) {
+
+        const ConfigTableItem items[] = {
+                { "Install", "Alias",           config_parse_alias,            0, &info->aliases           },
+                { "Install", "WantedBy",        config_parse_strv,             0, &info->wanted_by         },
+                { "Install", "RequiredBy",      config_parse_strv,             0, &info->required_by       },
+                { "Install", "DefaultInstance", config_parse_default_instance, 0, info                     },
+                { "Install", "Also",            config_parse_also,             0, ctx                      },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        UnitType type;
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        struct stat st;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(info);
+        assert(path);
+
+        if (!(flags & SEARCH_DROPIN)) {
+                /* Loading or checking for the main unit file… */
+
+                type = unit_name_to_type(info->name);
+                if (type < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                if (unit_name_is_valid(info->name, UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE|UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE) && !unit_type_may_template(type))
+                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                               "%s: unit type %s cannot be templated, ignoring.", path, unit_type_to_string(type));
+
+                if (!(flags & SEARCH_LOAD)) {
+                        if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+
+                        if (null_or_empty(&st))
+                                info->install_mode = INSTALL_MODE_MASKED;
+                        else if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+                                info->install_mode = INSTALL_MODE_REGULAR;
+                        else if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode))
+                                return -ELOOP;
+                        else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+                                return -EISDIR;
+                        else
+                                return -ENOTTY;
+
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        } else {
+                /* Operating on a drop-in file. If we aren't supposed to load the unit file drop-ins don't matter, let's hence shortcut this. */
+
+                if (!(flags & SEARCH_LOAD))
+                        return 0;
+
+                fd = chase_symlinks_and_open(path, root_dir, 0, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, NULL);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return fd;
+        }
+
+        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (null_or_empty(&st)) {
+                if ((flags & SEARCH_DROPIN) == 0)
+                        info->install_mode = INSTALL_MODE_MASKED;
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = stat_verify_regular(&st);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        f = take_fdopen(&fd, "r");
+        if (!f)
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* ctx is only needed if we actually load the file (it's referenced from items[] btw, in case you wonder.) */
+        assert(ctx);
+
+        r = config_parse(info->name, path, f,
+                         "Install\0"
+                         "-Unit\0"
+                         "-Automount\0"
+                         "-Device\0"
+                         "-Mount\0"
+                         "-Path\0"
+                         "-Scope\0"
+                         "-Service\0"
+                         "-Slice\0"
+                         "-Socket\0"
+                         "-Swap\0"
+                         "-Target\0"
+                         "-Timer\0",
+                         config_item_table_lookup, items,
+                         0, info,
+                         NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to parse \"%s\": %m", info->name);
+
+        if ((flags & SEARCH_DROPIN) == 0)
+                info->install_mode = INSTALL_MODE_REGULAR;
+
+        return
+                (int) strv_length(info->aliases) +
+                (int) strv_length(info->wanted_by) +
+                (int) strv_length(info->required_by);
+}
+
+static int unit_file_load_or_readlink(
+                InstallContext *ctx,
+                InstallInfo *info,
+                const char *path,
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                SearchFlags flags) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = unit_file_load(ctx, info, path, lp->root_dir, flags);
+        if (r != -ELOOP || (flags & SEARCH_DROPIN))
+                return r;
+
+        /* This is a symlink, let's read and verify it. */
+        r = unit_file_resolve_symlink(lp->root_dir, lp->search_path,
+                                      NULL, AT_FDCWD, path,
+                                      true, &info->symlink_target);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        bool outside_search_path = r > 0;
+
+        r = null_or_empty_path_with_root(info->symlink_target, lp->root_dir);
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to stat %s: %m", info->symlink_target);
+        if (r > 0)
+                info->install_mode = INSTALL_MODE_MASKED;
+        else if (outside_search_path)
+                info->install_mode = INSTALL_MODE_LINKED;
+        else
+                info->install_mode = INSTALL_MODE_ALIAS;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int unit_file_search(
+                InstallContext *ctx,
+                InstallInfo *info,
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                SearchFlags flags) {
+
+        const char *dropin_dir_name = NULL, *dropin_template_dir_name = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **dirs = NULL, **files = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *template = NULL;
+        bool found_unit = false;
+        int r, result;
+
+        assert(info);
+        assert(lp);
+
+        /* Was this unit already loaded? */
+        if (info->install_mode != _INSTALL_MODE_INVALID)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (info->path)
+                return unit_file_load_or_readlink(ctx, info, info->path, lp, flags);
+
+        assert(info->name);
+
+        if (unit_name_is_valid(info->name, UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE)) {
+                r = unit_name_template(info->name, &template);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(p, lp->search_path) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+
+                path = path_join(*p, info->name);
+                if (!path)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                r = unit_file_load_or_readlink(ctx, info, path, lp, flags);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        info->path = TAKE_PTR(path);
+                        result = r;
+                        found_unit = true;
+                        break;
+                } else if (!IN_SET(r, -ENOENT, -ENOTDIR, -EACCES))
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (!found_unit && template) {
+
+                /* Unit file doesn't exist, however instance
+                 * enablement was requested.  We will check if it is
+                 * possible to load template unit file. */
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(p, lp->search_path) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+
+                        path = path_join(*p, template);
+                        if (!path)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        r = unit_file_load_or_readlink(ctx, info, path, lp, flags);
+                        if (r >= 0) {
+                                info->path = TAKE_PTR(path);
+                                result = r;
+                                found_unit = true;
+                                break;
+                        } else if (!IN_SET(r, -ENOENT, -ENOTDIR, -EACCES))
+                                return r;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (!found_unit)
+                return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ENOENT),
+                                       "Cannot find unit %s%s%s.",
+                                       info->name, template ? " or " : "", strempty(template));
+
+        if (info->install_mode == INSTALL_MODE_MASKED)
+                return result;
+
+        /* Search for drop-in directories */
+
+        dropin_dir_name = strjoina(info->name, ".d");
+        STRV_FOREACH(p, lp->search_path) {
+                char *path;
+
+                path = path_join(*p, dropin_dir_name);
+                if (!path)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                r = strv_consume(&dirs, path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (template) {
+                dropin_template_dir_name = strjoina(template, ".d");
+                STRV_FOREACH(p, lp->search_path) {
+                        char *path;
+
+                        path = path_join(*p, dropin_template_dir_name);
+                        if (!path)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        r = strv_consume(&dirs, path);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* Load drop-in conf files */
+
+        r = conf_files_list_strv(&files, ".conf", NULL, 0, (const char**) dirs);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to get list of conf files: %m");
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(p, files) {
+                r = unit_file_load_or_readlink(ctx, info, *p, lp, flags | SEARCH_DROPIN);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to load conf file \"%s\": %m", *p);
+        }
+
+        return result;
+}
+
+static int install_info_follow(
+                InstallContext *ctx,
+                InstallInfo *info,
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                SearchFlags flags,
+                bool ignore_different_name) {
+
+        assert(ctx);
+        assert(info);
+
+        if (!IN_SET(info->install_mode, INSTALL_MODE_ALIAS, INSTALL_MODE_LINKED))
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!info->symlink_target)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* If the basename doesn't match, the caller should add a complete new entry for this. */
+
+        if (!ignore_different_name && !streq(basename(info->symlink_target), info->name))
+                return -EXDEV;
+
+        free_and_replace(info->path, info->symlink_target);
+        info->install_mode = _INSTALL_MODE_INVALID;
+
+        return unit_file_load_or_readlink(ctx, info, info->path, lp, flags);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Search for the unit file. If the unit name is a symlink, follow the symlink to the
+ * target, maybe more than once. Propagate the instance name if present.
+ */
+static int install_info_traverse(
+                InstallContext *ctx,
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                InstallInfo *start,
+                SearchFlags flags,
+                InstallInfo **ret) {
+
+        InstallInfo *i;
+        unsigned k = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(start);
+        assert(ctx);
+
+        r = unit_file_search(ctx, start, lp, flags);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        i = start;
+        while (IN_SET(i->install_mode, INSTALL_MODE_ALIAS, INSTALL_MODE_LINKED)) {
+                /* Follow the symlink */
+
+                if (++k > UNIT_FILE_FOLLOW_SYMLINK_MAX)
+                        return -ELOOP;
+
+                if (!(flags & SEARCH_FOLLOW_CONFIG_SYMLINKS)) {
+                        r = path_is_config(lp, i->path, true);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        if (r > 0)
+                                return -ELOOP;
+                }
+
+                r = install_info_follow(ctx, i, lp, flags,
+                                        /* If linked, don't look at the target name */
+                                        /* ignore_different_name= */ i->install_mode == INSTALL_MODE_LINKED);
+                if (r == -EXDEV && i->symlink_target) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *buffer = NULL;
+                        const char *bn;
+
+                        /* Target is an alias, create a new install info object and continue with that. */
+
+                        bn = basename(i->symlink_target);
+
+                        if (unit_name_is_valid(i->name, UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE) &&
+                            unit_name_is_valid(bn, UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE)) {
+
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *instance = NULL;
+
+                                r = unit_name_to_instance(i->name, &instance);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+
+                                r = unit_name_replace_instance(bn, instance, &buffer);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+
+                                if (streq(buffer, i->name)) {
+
+                                        /* We filled in the instance, and the target stayed the same? If so,
+                                         * then let's honour the link as it is. */
+
+                                        r = install_info_follow(ctx, i, lp, flags, true);
+                                        if (r < 0)
+                                                return r;
+
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+
+                                bn = buffer;
+                        }
+
+                        r = install_info_add(ctx, bn, NULL, lp->root_dir, /* auxiliary= */ false, &i);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        /* Try again, with the new target we found. */
+                        r = unit_file_search(ctx, i, lp, flags);
+                        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                                /* Translate error code to highlight this specific case */
+                                return -ENOLINK;
+                }
+
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = i;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Call install_info_add() with name_or_path as the path (if name_or_path starts with "/")
+ * or the name (otherwise). root_dir is prepended to the path.
+ */
+static int install_info_add_auto(
+                InstallContext *ctx,
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                const char *name_or_path,
+                InstallInfo **ret) {
+
+        assert(ctx);
+        assert(name_or_path);
+
+        if (path_is_absolute(name_or_path)) {
+                const char *pp;
+
+                pp = prefix_roota(lp->root_dir, name_or_path);
+
+                return install_info_add(ctx, NULL, pp, lp->root_dir, /* auxiliary= */ false, ret);
+        } else
+                return install_info_add(ctx, name_or_path, NULL, lp->root_dir, /* auxiliary= */ false, ret);
+}
+
+static int install_info_discover(
+                InstallContext *ctx,
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                const char *name_or_path,
+                SearchFlags flags,
+                InstallInfo **ret,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        InstallInfo *info;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ctx);
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(name_or_path);
+
+        r = install_info_add_auto(ctx, lp, name_or_path, &info);
+        if (r >= 0)
+                r = install_info_traverse(ctx, lp, info, flags, ret);
+
+        if (r < 0)
+                install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, r, name_or_path, NULL);
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int install_info_discover_and_check(
+                InstallContext *ctx,
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                const char *name_or_path,
+                SearchFlags flags,
+                InstallInfo **ret,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        int r;
+
+        r = install_info_discover(ctx, lp, name_or_path, flags, ret, changes, n_changes);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return install_info_may_process(ret ? *ret : NULL, lp, changes, n_changes);
+}
+
+int unit_file_verify_alias(
+                const InstallInfo *info,
+                const char *dst,
+                char **ret_dst,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *dst_updated = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Verify that dst is a valid either a valid alias or a valid .wants/.requires symlink for the target
+         * unit *i. Return negative on error or if not compatible, zero on success.
+         *
+         * ret_dst is set in cases where "instance propagation" happens, i.e. when the instance part is
+         * inserted into dst. It is not normally set, even on success, so that the caller can easily
+         * distinguish the case where instance propagation occurred.
+         *
+         * Returns:
+         * -EXDEV when the alias doesn't match the unit,
+         * -EUCLEAN when the name is invalid,
+         * -ELOOP when the alias it to the unit itself.
+         */
+
+        const char *path_alias = strrchr(dst, '/');
+        if (path_alias) {
+                /* This branch covers legacy Alias= function of creating .wants and .requires symlinks. */
+                _cleanup_free_ char *dir = NULL;
+                char *p;
+
+                path_alias ++; /* skip over slash */
+
+                r = path_extract_directory(dst, &dir);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to extract parent directory from '%s': %m", dst);
+
+                p = endswith(dir, ".wants");
+                if (!p)
+                        p = endswith(dir, ".requires");
+                if (!p) {
+                        install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, -EXDEV, dst, NULL);
+                        return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EXDEV), "Invalid path \"%s\" in alias.", dir);
+                }
+
+                *p = '\0'; /* dir should now be a unit name */
+
+                UnitNameFlags type = unit_name_classify(dir);
+                if (type < 0) {
+                        install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, -EXDEV, dst, NULL);
+                        return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EXDEV),
+                                               "Invalid unit name component \"%s\" in alias.", dir);
+                }
+
+                const bool instance_propagation = type == UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE;
+
+                /* That's the name we want to use for verification. */
+                r = unit_symlink_name_compatible(path_alias, info->name, instance_propagation);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to verify alias validity: %m");
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, -EXDEV, dst, info->name);
+                        return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EXDEV),
+                                               "Invalid unit \"%s\" symlink \"%s\".",
+                                               info->name, dst);
+                }
+
+        } else {
+                /* If the symlink target has an instance set and the symlink source doesn't, we "propagate
+                 * the instance", i.e. instantiate the symlink source with the target instance. */
+                if (unit_name_is_valid(dst, UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE)) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *inst = NULL;
+
+                        UnitNameFlags type = unit_name_to_instance(info->name, &inst);
+                        if (type < 0) {
+                                install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, -EUCLEAN, info->name, NULL);
+                                return log_debug_errno(type, "Failed to extract instance name from \"%s\": %m", info->name);
+                        }
+
+                        if (type == UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE) {
+                                r = unit_name_replace_instance(dst, inst, &dst_updated);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to build unit name from %s+%s: %m",
+                                                               dst, inst);
+                        }
+                }
+
+                r = unit_validate_alias_symlink_or_warn(LOG_DEBUG, dst_updated ?: dst, info->name);
+                if (r == -ELOOP)  /* -ELOOP means self-alias, which we (quietly) ignore */
+                        return r;
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes,
+                                                   r == -EINVAL ? -EXDEV : r,
+                                                   dst_updated ?: dst,
+                                                   info->name);
+        }
+
+        *ret_dst = TAKE_PTR(dst_updated);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int install_info_symlink_alias(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                InstallInfo *info,
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                const char *config_path,
+                bool force,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        int r = 0, q;
+
+        assert(info);
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(config_path);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(s, info->aliases) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *alias_path = NULL, *dst = NULL, *dst_updated = NULL;
+
+                q = install_name_printf(scope, info, *s, &dst);
+                if (q < 0) {
+                        install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, q, *s, NULL);
+                        r = r < 0 ? r : q;
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                q = unit_file_verify_alias(info, dst, &dst_updated, changes, n_changes);
+                if (q == -ELOOP)
+                        continue;
+                if (q < 0) {
+                        r = r < 0 ? r : q;
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                alias_path = path_make_absolute(dst_updated ?: dst, config_path);
+                if (!alias_path)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                q = create_symlink(lp, info->path, alias_path, force, changes, n_changes);
+                r = r < 0 ? r : q;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int install_info_symlink_wants(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                UnitFileFlags file_flags,
+                InstallInfo *info,
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                const char *config_path,
+                char **list,
+                const char *suffix,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_(install_info_clear) InstallInfo instance = {
+                .install_mode = _INSTALL_MODE_INVALID,
+        };
+
+        UnitNameFlags valid_dst_type = UNIT_NAME_ANY;
+        const char *n;
+        int r = 0, q;
+
+        assert(info);
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(config_path);
+
+        if (strv_isempty(list))
+                return 0;
+
+        if (unit_name_is_valid(info->name, UNIT_NAME_PLAIN | UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE))
+                /* Not a template unit. Use the name directly. */
+                n = info->name;
+
+        else if (info->default_instance) {
+                /* If this is a template, and we have a default instance, use it. */
+
+                r = unit_name_replace_instance(info->name, info->default_instance, &instance.name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = unit_file_search(NULL, &instance, lp, SEARCH_FOLLOW_CONFIG_SYMLINKS);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (instance.install_mode == INSTALL_MODE_MASKED)
+                        return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, -ERFKILL, instance.path, NULL);
+
+                n = instance.name;
+
+        } else {
+                /* We have a template, but no instance yet. When used with an instantiated unit, we will get
+                 * the instance from that unit. Cannot be used with non-instance units. */
+
+                valid_dst_type = UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE | UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE;
+                n = info->name;
+        }
+
+        r = 0;
+        STRV_FOREACH(s, list) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *dst = NULL;
+
+                q = install_name_printf(scope, info, *s, &dst);
+                if (q < 0) {
+                        install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, q, *s, NULL);
+                        if (r >= 0)
+                                r = q;
+
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (!unit_name_is_valid(dst, valid_dst_type)) {
+                        /* Generate a proper error here: EUCLEAN if the name is generally bad, EIDRM if the
+                         * template status doesn't match. If we are doing presets don't bother reporting the
+                         * error. This also covers cases like 'systemctl preset serial-getty@.service', which
+                         * has no DefaultInstance, so there is nothing we can do. At the same time,
+                         * 'systemctl enable serial-getty@.service' should fail, the user should specify an
+                         * instance like in 'systemctl enable serial-getty@ttyS0.service'.
+                         */
+                        if (file_flags & UNIT_FILE_IGNORE_AUXILIARY_FAILURE)
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (unit_name_is_valid(dst, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                                q = install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, -EIDRM, dst, n);
+                        else
+                                q = install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, -EUCLEAN, dst, NULL);
+                        if (r >= 0)
+                                r = q;
+
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                path = strjoin(config_path, "/", dst, suffix, n);
+                if (!path)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                q = create_symlink(lp, info->path, path, true, changes, n_changes);
+                if ((q < 0 && r >= 0) || r == 0)
+                        r = q;
+
+                if (unit_file_exists(scope, lp, dst) == 0) {
+                        q = install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, INSTALL_CHANGE_DESTINATION_NOT_PRESENT, dst, info->path);
+                        if (q < 0)
+                                return q;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int install_info_symlink_link(
+                InstallInfo *info,
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                const char *config_path,
+                bool force,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(info);
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(config_path);
+        assert(info->path);
+
+        r = in_search_path(lp, info->path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r > 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        path = path_join(config_path, info->name);
+        if (!path)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return create_symlink(lp, info->path, path, force, changes, n_changes);
+}
+
+static int install_info_apply(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                UnitFileFlags file_flags,
+                InstallInfo *info,
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                const char *config_path,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        int r, q;
+
+        assert(info);
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(config_path);
+
+        if (info->install_mode != INSTALL_MODE_REGULAR)
+                return 0;
+
+        bool force = file_flags & UNIT_FILE_FORCE;
+
+        r = install_info_symlink_link(info, lp, config_path, force, changes, n_changes);
+        /* Do not count links to the unit file towards the "carries_install_info" count */
+        if (r < 0)
+                /* If linking of the file failed, do not try to create other symlinks,
+                 * because they might would pointing to a non-existent or wrong unit. */
+                return r;
+
+        r = install_info_symlink_alias(scope, info, lp, config_path, force, changes, n_changes);
+
+        q = install_info_symlink_wants(scope, file_flags, info, lp, config_path, info->wanted_by, ".wants/", changes, n_changes);
+        if (r == 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        q = install_info_symlink_wants(scope, file_flags, info, lp, config_path, info->required_by, ".requires/", changes, n_changes);
+        if (r == 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int install_context_apply(
+                InstallContext *ctx,
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                UnitFileFlags file_flags,
+                const char *config_path,
+                SearchFlags flags,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        InstallInfo *i;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ctx);
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(config_path);
+
+        if (ordered_hashmap_isempty(ctx->will_process))
+                return 0;
+
+        r = ordered_hashmap_ensure_allocated(&ctx->have_processed, &string_hash_ops);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = 0;
+        while ((i = ordered_hashmap_first(ctx->will_process))) {
+                int q;
+
+                q = ordered_hashmap_move_one(ctx->have_processed, ctx->will_process, i->name);
+                if (q < 0)
+                        return q;
+
+                q = install_info_traverse(ctx, lp, i, flags, NULL);
+                if (q < 0) {
+                        if (i->auxiliary) {
+                                q = install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, INSTALL_CHANGE_AUXILIARY_FAILED, i->name, NULL);
+                                if (q < 0)
+                                        return q;
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, q, i->name, NULL);
+                }
+
+                /* We can attempt to process a masked unit when a different unit
+                 * that we were processing specifies it in Also=. */
+                if (i->install_mode == INSTALL_MODE_MASKED) {
+                        q = install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, INSTALL_CHANGE_IS_MASKED, i->path, NULL);
+                        if (q < 0)
+                                return q;
+                        if (r >= 0)
+                                /* Assume that something *could* have been enabled here,
+                                 * avoid "empty [Install] section" warning. */
+                                r += 1;
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (i->install_mode != INSTALL_MODE_REGULAR)
+                        continue;
+
+                q = install_info_apply(ctx->scope, file_flags, i, lp, config_path, changes, n_changes);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        if (q < 0)
+                                r = q;
+                        else
+                                r += q;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int install_context_mark_for_removal(
+                InstallContext *ctx,
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                Set **remove_symlinks_to,
+                const char *config_path,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        InstallInfo *i;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ctx);
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(config_path);
+
+        /* Marks all items for removal */
+
+        if (ordered_hashmap_isempty(ctx->will_process))
+                return 0;
+
+        r = ordered_hashmap_ensure_allocated(&ctx->have_processed, &string_hash_ops);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        while ((i = ordered_hashmap_first(ctx->will_process))) {
+
+                r = ordered_hashmap_move_one(ctx->have_processed, ctx->will_process, i->name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = install_info_traverse(ctx, lp, i, SEARCH_LOAD|SEARCH_FOLLOW_CONFIG_SYMLINKS, NULL);
+                if (r == -ENOLINK) {
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Name %s leads to a dangling symlink, removing name.", i->name);
+                        r = install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, INSTALL_CHANGE_IS_DANGLING, i->path ?: i->name, NULL);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                } else if (r == -ENOENT) {
+                        if (i->auxiliary)  /* some unit specified in Also= or similar is missing */
+                                log_debug_errno(r, "Auxiliary unit of %s not found, removing name.", i->name);
+                        else {
+                                log_debug_errno(r, "Unit %s not found, removing name.", i->name);
+                                r = install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, r, i->path ?: i->name, NULL);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                        }
+                } else if (r < 0) {
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to find unit %s, removing name: %m", i->name);
+                        install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, r, i->path ?: i->name, NULL);
+                } else if (i->install_mode == INSTALL_MODE_MASKED) {
+                        log_debug("Unit file %s is masked, ignoring.", i->name);
+                        install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, INSTALL_CHANGE_IS_MASKED, i->path ?: i->name, NULL);
+                        continue;
+                } else if (i->install_mode != INSTALL_MODE_REGULAR) {
+                        log_debug("Unit %s has install mode %s, ignoring.",
+                                  i->name, install_mode_to_string(i->install_mode) ?: "invalid");
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = mark_symlink_for_removal(remove_symlinks_to, i->name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int unit_file_mask(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                UnitFileFlags flags,
+                const char *root_dir,
+                char **names,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths lp = {};
+        const char *config_path;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(scope >= 0);
+        assert(scope < _LOOKUP_SCOPE_MAX);
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&lp, scope, 0, root_dir);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        config_path = (flags & UNIT_FILE_RUNTIME) ? lp.runtime_config : lp.persistent_config;
+        if (!config_path)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+                int q;
+
+                if (!unit_name_is_valid(*name, UNIT_NAME_ANY)) {
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                r = -EINVAL;
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                path = path_make_absolute(*name, config_path);
+                if (!path)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                q = create_symlink(&lp, "/dev/null", path, flags & UNIT_FILE_FORCE, changes, n_changes);
+                if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                        r = q;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int unit_file_unmask(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                UnitFileFlags flags,
+                const char *root_dir,
+                char **names,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths lp = {};
+        _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *remove_symlinks_to = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **todo = NULL;
+        const char *config_path;
+        size_t n_todo = 0;
+        int r, q;
+
+        assert(scope >= 0);
+        assert(scope < _LOOKUP_SCOPE_MAX);
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&lp, scope, 0, root_dir);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        config_path = (flags & UNIT_FILE_RUNTIME) ? lp.runtime_config : lp.persistent_config;
+        if (!config_path)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        bool dry_run = flags & UNIT_FILE_DRY_RUN;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
+                if (!unit_name_is_valid(*name, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* If root_dir is set, we don't care about kernel commandline or generators.
+                 * But if it is not set, we need to check for interference. */
+                if (!root_dir) {
+                        _cleanup_(install_info_clear) InstallInfo info = {
+                                .name = *name,  /* We borrow *name temporarily… */
+                                .install_mode = _INSTALL_MODE_INVALID,
+                        };
+
+                        r = unit_file_search(NULL, &info, &lp, 0);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                if (r != -ENOENT)
+                                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to look up unit %s, ignoring: %m", info.name);
+                        } else if (info.install_mode == INSTALL_MODE_MASKED &&
+                                   path_is_generator(&lp, info.path)) {
+                                r = install_changes_add(changes, n_changes,
+                                                        INSTALL_CHANGE_IS_MASKED_GENERATOR, info.name, info.path);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                        }
+
+                        TAKE_PTR(info.name);  /* … and give it back here */
+                }
+
+                _cleanup_free_ char *path = path_make_absolute(*name, config_path);
+                if (!path)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                r = null_or_empty_path(path);
+                if (r == -ENOENT)
+                        continue;
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC0(todo, n_todo + 2))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                todo[n_todo] = strdup(*name);
+                if (!todo[n_todo])
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                n_todo++;
+        }
+
+        strv_uniq(todo);
+
+        r = 0;
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, todo) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+                const char *rp;
+
+                path = path_make_absolute(*i, config_path);
+                if (!path)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (!dry_run && unlink(path) < 0) {
+                        if (errno != ENOENT) {
+                                if (r >= 0)
+                                        r = -errno;
+                                install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, -errno, path, NULL);
+                        }
+
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                q = install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, INSTALL_CHANGE_UNLINK, path, NULL);
+                if (q < 0)
+                        return q;
+
+                rp = skip_root(lp.root_dir, path);
+                q = mark_symlink_for_removal(&remove_symlinks_to, rp ?: path);
+                if (q < 0)
+                        return q;
+        }
+
+        q = remove_marked_symlinks(remove_symlinks_to, config_path, &lp, dry_run, changes, n_changes);
+        if (r >= 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int unit_file_link(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                UnitFileFlags flags,
+                const char *root_dir,
+                char **files,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths lp = {};
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **todo = NULL;
+        const char *config_path;
+        size_t n_todo = 0;
+        int r, q;
+
+        assert(scope >= 0);
+        assert(scope < _LOOKUP_SCOPE_MAX);
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&lp, scope, 0, root_dir);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        config_path = (flags & UNIT_FILE_RUNTIME) ? lp.runtime_config : lp.persistent_config;
+        if (!config_path)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(file, files) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *full = NULL;
+                struct stat st;
+                char *fn;
+
+                if (!path_is_absolute(*file))
+                        return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, -EINVAL, *file, NULL);
+
+                fn = basename(*file);
+                if (!unit_name_is_valid(fn, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                        return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, -EUCLEAN, *file, NULL);
+
+                full = path_join(lp.root_dir, *file);
+                if (!full)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (lstat(full, &st) < 0)
+                        return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, -errno, *file, NULL);
+
+                r = stat_verify_regular(&st);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, r, *file, NULL);
+
+                r = in_search_path(&lp, *file);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, r, *file, NULL);
+                if (r > 0)
+                        /* A silent noop if the file is already in the search path. */
+                        continue;
+
+                r = underneath_search_path(&lp, *file);
+                if (r > 0)
+                        r = -ETXTBSY;
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, r, *file, NULL);
+
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC0(todo, n_todo + 2))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                todo[n_todo] = strdup(*file);
+                if (!todo[n_todo])
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                n_todo++;
+        }
+
+        strv_uniq(todo);
+
+        r = 0;
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, todo) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *new_path = NULL;
+
+                new_path = path_make_absolute(basename(*i), config_path);
+                if (!new_path)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                q = create_symlink(&lp, *i, new_path, flags & UNIT_FILE_FORCE, changes, n_changes);
+                if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                        r = q;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int path_shall_revert(const LookupPaths *lp, const char *path) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(path);
+
+        /* Checks whether the path is one where the drop-in directories shall be removed. */
+
+        r = path_is_config(lp, path, true);
+        if (r != 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = path_is_control(lp, path);
+        if (r != 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return path_is_transient(lp, path);
+}
+
+int unit_file_revert(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                const char *root_dir,
+                char **names,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *remove_symlinks_to = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths lp = {};
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **todo = NULL;
+        size_t n_todo = 0;
+        int r, q;
+
+        /* Puts a unit file back into vendor state. This means:
+         *
+         * a) we remove all drop-in snippets added by the user ("config"), add to transient units
+         *    ("transient"), and added via "systemctl set-property" ("control"), but not if the drop-in is
+         *    generated ("generated").
+         *
+         * c) if there's a vendor unit file (i.e. one in /usr) we remove any configured overriding unit files
+         *    (i.e. in "config", but not in "transient" or "control" or even "generated").
+         *
+         * We remove all that in both the runtime and the persistent directories, if that applies.
+         */
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&lp, scope, 0, root_dir);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
+                bool has_vendor = false;
+
+                if (!unit_name_is_valid(*name, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(p, lp.search_path) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *dropin = NULL;
+                        struct stat st;
+
+                        path = path_make_absolute(*name, *p);
+                        if (!path)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        r = RET_NERRNO(lstat(path, &st));
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                if (r != -ENOENT)
+                                        return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, r, path, NULL);
+                        } else if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
+                                /* Check if there's a vendor version */
+                                r = path_is_vendor_or_generator(&lp, path);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, r, path, NULL);
+                                if (r > 0)
+                                        has_vendor = true;
+                        }
+
+                        dropin = strjoin(path, ".d");
+                        if (!dropin)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        r = RET_NERRNO(lstat(dropin, &st));
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                if (r != -ENOENT)
+                                        return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, r, dropin, NULL);
+                        } else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+                                /* Remove the drop-ins */
+                                r = path_shall_revert(&lp, dropin);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, r, dropin, NULL);
+                                if (r > 0) {
+                                        if (!GREEDY_REALLOC0(todo, n_todo + 2))
+                                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                        todo[n_todo++] = TAKE_PTR(dropin);
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (!has_vendor)
+                        continue;
+
+                /* OK, there's a vendor version, hence drop all configuration versions */
+                STRV_FOREACH(p, lp.search_path) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+                        struct stat st;
+
+                        path = path_make_absolute(*name, *p);
+                        if (!path)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        r = RET_NERRNO(lstat(path, &st));
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                if (r != -ENOENT)
+                                        return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, r, path, NULL);
+                        } else if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+                                r = path_is_config(&lp, path, true);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, r, path, NULL);
+                                if (r > 0) {
+                                        if (!GREEDY_REALLOC0(todo, n_todo + 2))
+                                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                        todo[n_todo++] = TAKE_PTR(path);
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        strv_uniq(todo);
+
+        r = 0;
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, todo) {
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **fs = NULL;
+                const char *rp;
+
+                (void) get_files_in_directory(*i, &fs);
+
+                q = rm_rf(*i, REMOVE_ROOT|REMOVE_PHYSICAL);
+                if (q < 0 && q != -ENOENT && r >= 0) {
+                        r = q;
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(j, fs) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+
+                        t = path_join(*i, *j);
+                        if (!t)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        q = install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, INSTALL_CHANGE_UNLINK, t, NULL);
+                        if (q < 0)
+                                return q;
+                }
+
+                q = install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, INSTALL_CHANGE_UNLINK, *i, NULL);
+                if (q < 0)
+                        return q;
+
+                rp = skip_root(lp.root_dir, *i);
+                q = mark_symlink_for_removal(&remove_symlinks_to, rp ?: *i);
+                if (q < 0)
+                        return q;
+        }
+
+        q = remove_marked_symlinks(remove_symlinks_to, lp.runtime_config, &lp, false, changes, n_changes);
+        if (r >= 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        q = remove_marked_symlinks(remove_symlinks_to, lp.persistent_config, &lp, false, changes, n_changes);
+        if (r >= 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int unit_file_add_dependency(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                UnitFileFlags file_flags,
+                const char *root_dir,
+                char **names,
+                const char *target,
+                UnitDependency dep,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths lp = {};
+        _cleanup_(install_context_done) InstallContext ctx = { .scope = scope };
+        InstallInfo *info, *target_info;
+        const char *config_path;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(scope >= 0);
+        assert(scope < _LOOKUP_SCOPE_MAX);
+        assert(target);
+        assert(IN_SET(dep, UNIT_WANTS, UNIT_REQUIRES));
+
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(target, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, -EUCLEAN, target, NULL);
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&lp, scope, 0, root_dir);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        config_path = (file_flags & UNIT_FILE_RUNTIME) ? lp.runtime_config : lp.persistent_config;
+        if (!config_path)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        r = install_info_discover_and_check(&ctx, &lp, target, SEARCH_FOLLOW_CONFIG_SYMLINKS,
+                                            &target_info, changes, n_changes);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        assert(target_info->install_mode == INSTALL_MODE_REGULAR);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
+                char ***l;
+
+                r = install_info_discover_and_check(&ctx, &lp, *name,
+                                                    SEARCH_FOLLOW_CONFIG_SYMLINKS,
+                                                    &info, changes, n_changes);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                assert(info->install_mode == INSTALL_MODE_REGULAR);
+
+                /* We didn't actually load anything from the unit
+                 * file, but instead just add in our new symlink to
+                 * create. */
+
+                if (dep == UNIT_WANTS)
+                        l = &info->wanted_by;
+                else
+                        l = &info->required_by;
+
+                strv_free(*l);
+                *l = strv_new(target_info->name);
+                if (!*l)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        return install_context_apply(&ctx, &lp, file_flags, config_path,
+                                     SEARCH_FOLLOW_CONFIG_SYMLINKS, changes, n_changes);
+}
+
+static int do_unit_file_enable(
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                LookupScope scope,
+                UnitFileFlags flags,
+                const char *config_path,
+                char **names_or_paths,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_(install_context_done) InstallContext ctx = { .scope = scope };
+        InstallInfo *info;
+        int r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, names_or_paths) {
+                r = install_info_discover_and_check(&ctx, lp, *name,
+                                                    SEARCH_LOAD | SEARCH_FOLLOW_CONFIG_SYMLINKS,
+                                                    &info, changes, n_changes);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                assert(info->install_mode == INSTALL_MODE_REGULAR);
+        }
+
+        /* This will return the number of symlink rules that were
+           supposed to be created, not the ones actually created. This
+           is useful to determine whether the passed units had any
+           installation data at all. */
+
+        return install_context_apply(&ctx, lp, flags, config_path,
+                                     SEARCH_LOAD, changes, n_changes);
+}
+
+int unit_file_enable(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                UnitFileFlags flags,
+                const char *root_dir,
+                char **names_or_paths,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths lp = {};
+        int r;
+
+        assert(scope >= 0);
+        assert(scope < _LOOKUP_SCOPE_MAX);
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&lp, scope, 0, root_dir);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        const char *config_path = config_path_from_flags(&lp, flags);
+        if (!config_path)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        return do_unit_file_enable(&lp, scope, flags, config_path, names_or_paths, changes, n_changes);
+}
+
+static int do_unit_file_disable(
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                LookupScope scope,
+                UnitFileFlags flags,
+                const char *config_path,
+                char **names,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_(install_context_done) InstallContext ctx = { .scope = scope };
+        _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *remove_symlinks_to = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
+                if (!unit_name_is_valid(*name, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                        return install_changes_add(changes, n_changes, -EUCLEAN, *name, NULL);
+
+                r = install_info_add(&ctx, *name, NULL, lp->root_dir, /* auxiliary= */ false, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = install_context_mark_for_removal(&ctx, lp, &remove_symlinks_to, config_path, changes, n_changes);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return remove_marked_symlinks(remove_symlinks_to, config_path, lp, flags & UNIT_FILE_DRY_RUN, changes, n_changes);
+}
+
+
+int unit_file_disable(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                UnitFileFlags flags,
+                const char *root_dir,
+                char **files,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths lp = {};
+        int r;
+
+        assert(scope >= 0);
+        assert(scope < _LOOKUP_SCOPE_MAX);
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&lp, scope, 0, root_dir);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        const char *config_path = config_path_from_flags(&lp, flags);
+        if (!config_path)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        return do_unit_file_disable(&lp, scope, flags, config_path, files, changes, n_changes);
+}
+
+static int normalize_linked_files(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                char **names_or_paths,
+                char ***ret_names,
+                char ***ret_files) {
+
+        /* This is similar to normalize_filenames()/normalize_names() in src/systemctl/,
+         * but operates on real unit names. For each argument we we look up the actual path
+         * where the unit is found. This way linked units can be re-enabled successfully. */
+
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **files = NULL, **names = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(a, names_or_paths) {
+                _cleanup_(install_context_done) InstallContext ctx = { .scope = scope };
+                InstallInfo *i = NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
+
+                r = path_extract_filename(*a, &n);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == O_DIRECTORY)
+                        return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EISDIR),
+                                               "Unexpected path to a directory \"%s\", refusing.", *a);
+
+                if (!is_path(*a)) {
+                        r = install_info_discover(&ctx, lp, n, SEARCH_LOAD|SEARCH_FOLLOW_CONFIG_SYMLINKS, &i, NULL, NULL);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to discover unit \"%s\", operating on name: %m", n);
+                }
+
+                r = strv_consume(&names, TAKE_PTR(n));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                const char *p = NULL;
+                if (i && i->path && i->root)
+                        /* Use startswith here, because we know that paths are normalized, and
+                         * path_startswith() would give us a relative path, but we need an absolute path
+                         * relative to i->root.
+                         *
+                         * In other words: /var/tmp/instroot.1234/etc/systemd/system/frobnicator.service
+                         * is replaced by /etc/systemd/system/frobnicator.service, which is "absolute"
+                         * in a sense, but only makes sense "relative" to /var/tmp/instroot.1234/.
+                         */
+                        p = startswith(i->path, i->root);
+
+                r = strv_extend(&files, p ?: *a);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        *ret_names = TAKE_PTR(names);
+        *ret_files = TAKE_PTR(files);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int unit_file_reenable(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                UnitFileFlags flags,
+                const char *root_dir,
+                char **names_or_paths,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths lp = {};
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **names = NULL, **files = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(scope >= 0);
+        assert(scope < _LOOKUP_SCOPE_MAX);
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&lp, scope, 0, root_dir);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        const char *config_path = config_path_from_flags(&lp, flags);
+        if (!config_path)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        r = normalize_linked_files(scope, &lp, names_or_paths, &names, &files);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* First, we invoke the disable command with only the basename... */
+        r = do_unit_file_disable(&lp, scope, flags, config_path, names, changes, n_changes);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* But the enable command with the full name */
+        return do_unit_file_enable(&lp, scope, flags, config_path, files, changes, n_changes);
+}
+
+int unit_file_set_default(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                UnitFileFlags flags,
+                const char *root_dir,
+                const char *name,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths lp = {};
+        _cleanup_(install_context_done) InstallContext ctx = { .scope = scope };
+        InstallInfo *info;
+        const char *new_path;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(scope >= 0);
+        assert(scope < _LOOKUP_SCOPE_MAX);
+        assert(name);
+
+        if (unit_name_to_type(name) != UNIT_TARGET) /* this also validates the name */
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (streq(name, SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&lp, scope, 0, root_dir);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = install_info_discover_and_check(&ctx, &lp, name, 0, &info, changes, n_changes);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        new_path = strjoina(lp.persistent_config, "/" SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET);
+        return create_symlink(&lp, info->path, new_path, flags & UNIT_FILE_FORCE, changes, n_changes);
+}
+
+int unit_file_get_default(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                const char *root_dir,
+                char **name) {
+
+        _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths lp = {};
+        _cleanup_(install_context_done) InstallContext ctx = { .scope = scope };
+        InstallInfo *info;
+        char *n;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(scope >= 0);
+        assert(scope < _LOOKUP_SCOPE_MAX);
+        assert(name);
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&lp, scope, 0, root_dir);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = install_info_discover(&ctx, &lp, SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET, SEARCH_FOLLOW_CONFIG_SYMLINKS,
+                                  &info, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        n = strdup(info->name);
+        if (!n)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *name = n;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int unit_file_lookup_state(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                const char *name,
+                UnitFileState *ret) {
+
+        _cleanup_(install_context_done) InstallContext ctx = { .scope = scope };
+        InstallInfo *info;
+        UnitFileState state;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(name);
+
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(name, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = install_info_discover(&ctx, lp, name, SEARCH_LOAD|SEARCH_FOLLOW_CONFIG_SYMLINKS,
+                                  &info, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to discover unit %s: %m", name);
+
+        assert(IN_SET(info->install_mode, INSTALL_MODE_REGULAR, INSTALL_MODE_MASKED));
+        log_debug("Found unit %s at %s (%s)", name, strna(info->path),
+                  info->install_mode == INSTALL_MODE_REGULAR ? "regular file" : "mask");
+
+        /* Shortcut things, if the caller just wants to know if this unit exists. */
+        if (!ret)
+                return 0;
+
+        switch (info->install_mode) {
+
+        case INSTALL_MODE_MASKED:
+                r = path_is_runtime(lp, info->path, true);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                state = r > 0 ? UNIT_FILE_MASKED_RUNTIME : UNIT_FILE_MASKED;
+                break;
+
+        case INSTALL_MODE_REGULAR:
+                /* Check if the name we were querying is actually an alias */
+                if (!streq(name, basename(info->path)) && !unit_name_is_valid(info->name, UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE)) {
+                        state = UNIT_FILE_ALIAS;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                r = path_is_generator(lp, info->path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r > 0) {
+                        state = UNIT_FILE_GENERATED;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                r = path_is_transient(lp, info->path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r > 0) {
+                        state = UNIT_FILE_TRANSIENT;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                /* Check if any of the Alias= symlinks have been created.
+                 * We ignore other aliases, and only check those that would
+                 * be created by systemctl enable for this unit. */
+                r = find_symlinks_in_scope(scope, lp, info, true, &state);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r > 0)
+                        break;
+
+                /* Check if the file is known under other names. If it is,
+                 * it might be in use. Report that as UNIT_FILE_INDIRECT. */
+                r = find_symlinks_in_scope(scope, lp, info, false, &state);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r > 0)
+                        state = UNIT_FILE_INDIRECT;
+                else {
+                        if (install_info_has_rules(info))
+                                state = UNIT_FILE_DISABLED;
+                        else if (install_info_has_also(info))
+                                state = UNIT_FILE_INDIRECT;
+                        else
+                                state = UNIT_FILE_STATIC;
+                }
+
+                break;
+
+        default:
+                assert_not_reached();
+        }
+
+        *ret = state;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int unit_file_get_state(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                const char *root_dir,
+                const char *name,
+                UnitFileState *ret) {
+
+        _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths lp = {};
+        int r;
+
+        assert(scope >= 0);
+        assert(scope < _LOOKUP_SCOPE_MAX);
+        assert(name);
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&lp, scope, 0, root_dir);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return unit_file_lookup_state(scope, &lp, name, ret);
+}
+
+int unit_file_exists(LookupScope scope, const LookupPaths *lp, const char *name) {
+        _cleanup_(install_context_done) InstallContext c = { .scope = scope };
+        int r;
+
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(name);
+
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(name, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = install_info_discover(&c, lp, name, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return 0;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int split_pattern_into_name_and_instances(const char *pattern, char **out_unit_name, char ***out_instances) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **instances = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *unit_name = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(pattern);
+        assert(out_instances);
+        assert(out_unit_name);
+
+        r = extract_first_word(&pattern, &unit_name, NULL, EXTRACT_RETAIN_ESCAPE);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* We handle the instances logic when unit name is extracted */
+        if (pattern) {
+                /* We only create instances when a rule of templated unit
+                 * is seen. A rule like enable foo@.service a b c will
+                 * result in an array of (a, b, c) as instance names */
+                if (!unit_name_is_valid(unit_name, UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                instances = strv_split(pattern, WHITESPACE);
+                if (!instances)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                *out_instances = TAKE_PTR(instances);
+        }
+
+        *out_unit_name = TAKE_PTR(unit_name);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int presets_find_config(LookupScope scope, const char *root_dir, char ***files) {
+        static const char* const system_dirs[] = {CONF_PATHS("systemd/system-preset"), NULL};
+        static const char* const user_dirs[] = {CONF_PATHS_USR("systemd/user-preset"), NULL};
+        const char* const* dirs;
+
+        assert(scope >= 0);
+        assert(scope < _LOOKUP_SCOPE_MAX);
+
+        if (scope == LOOKUP_SCOPE_SYSTEM)
+                dirs = system_dirs;
+        else if (IN_SET(scope, LOOKUP_SCOPE_GLOBAL, LOOKUP_SCOPE_USER))
+                dirs = user_dirs;
+        else
+                assert_not_reached();
+
+        return conf_files_list_strv(files, ".preset", root_dir, 0, dirs);
+}
+
+static int read_presets(LookupScope scope, const char *root_dir, UnitFilePresets *presets) {
+        _cleanup_(unit_file_presets_freep) UnitFilePresets ps = {};
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **files = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(scope >= 0);
+        assert(scope < _LOOKUP_SCOPE_MAX);
+        assert(presets);
+
+        r = presets_find_config(scope, root_dir, &files);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(p, files) {
+                _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+                int n = 0;
+
+                f = fopen(*p, "re");
+                if (!f) {
+                        if (errno == ENOENT)
+                                continue;
+
+                        return -errno;
+                }
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+                        UnitFilePresetRule rule = {};
+                        const char *parameter;
+                        char *l;
+
+                        r = read_line(f, LONG_LINE_MAX, &line);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                break;
+
+                        l = strstrip(line);
+                        n++;
+
+                        if (isempty(l))
+                                continue;
+                        if (strchr(COMMENTS, *l))
+                                continue;
+
+                        parameter = first_word(l, "enable");
+                        if (parameter) {
+                                char *unit_name;
+                                char **instances = NULL;
+
+                                /* Unit_name will remain the same as parameter when no instances are specified */
+                                r = split_pattern_into_name_and_instances(parameter, &unit_name, &instances);
+                                if (r < 0) {
+                                        log_syntax(NULL, LOG_WARNING, *p, n, r, "Couldn't parse line '%s'. Ignoring.", line);
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+
+                                rule = (UnitFilePresetRule) {
+                                        .pattern = unit_name,
+                                        .action = PRESET_ENABLE,
+                                        .instances = instances,
+                                };
+                        }
+
+                        parameter = first_word(l, "disable");
+                        if (parameter) {
+                                char *pattern;
+
+                                pattern = strdup(parameter);
+                                if (!pattern)
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                rule = (UnitFilePresetRule) {
+                                        .pattern = pattern,
+                                        .action = PRESET_DISABLE,
+                                };
+                        }
+
+                        if (rule.action) {
+                                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(ps.rules, ps.n_rules + 1))
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                ps.rules[ps.n_rules++] = rule;
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        log_syntax(NULL, LOG_WARNING, *p, n, 0, "Couldn't parse line '%s'. Ignoring.", line);
+                }
+        }
+
+        ps.initialized = true;
+        *presets = ps;
+        ps = (UnitFilePresets){};
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int pattern_match_multiple_instances(
+                        const UnitFilePresetRule rule,
+                        const char *unit_name,
+                        char ***ret) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *templated_name = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* If no ret is needed or the rule itself does not have instances
+         * initialized, we return not matching */
+        if (!ret || !rule.instances)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = unit_name_template(unit_name, &templated_name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (!streq(rule.pattern, templated_name))
+                return 0;
+
+        /* Compose a list of specified instances when unit name is a template  */
+        if (unit_name_is_valid(unit_name, UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE)) {
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **out_strv = NULL;
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(iter, rule.instances) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL;
+
+                        r = unit_name_replace_instance(unit_name, *iter, &name);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = strv_consume(&out_strv, TAKE_PTR(name));
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(out_strv);
+                return 1;
+        } else {
+                /* We now know the input unit name is an instance name */
+                _cleanup_free_ char *instance_name = NULL;
+
+                r = unit_name_to_instance(unit_name, &instance_name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (strv_find(rule.instances, instance_name))
+                        return 1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int query_presets(const char *name, const UnitFilePresets *presets, char ***instance_name_list) {
+        PresetAction action = PRESET_UNKNOWN;
+
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(name, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < presets->n_rules; i++)
+                if (pattern_match_multiple_instances(presets->rules[i], name, instance_name_list) > 0 ||
+                    fnmatch(presets->rules[i].pattern, name, FNM_NOESCAPE) == 0) {
+                        action = presets->rules[i].action;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+        switch (action) {
+        case PRESET_UNKNOWN:
+                log_debug("Preset files don't specify rule for %s. Enabling.", name);
+                return 1;
+        case PRESET_ENABLE:
+                if (instance_name_list && *instance_name_list)
+                        STRV_FOREACH(s, *instance_name_list)
+                                log_debug("Preset files say enable %s.", *s);
+                else
+                        log_debug("Preset files say enable %s.", name);
+                return 1;
+        case PRESET_DISABLE:
+                log_debug("Preset files say disable %s.", name);
+                return 0;
+        default:
+                assert_not_reached();
+        }
+}
+
+int unit_file_query_preset(LookupScope scope, const char *root_dir, const char *name, UnitFilePresets *cached) {
+        _cleanup_(unit_file_presets_freep) UnitFilePresets tmp = {};
+        int r;
+
+        if (!cached)
+                cached = &tmp;
+        if (!cached->initialized) {
+                r = read_presets(scope, root_dir, cached);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return query_presets(name, cached, NULL);
+}
+
+static int execute_preset(
+                UnitFileFlags file_flags,
+                InstallContext *plus,
+                InstallContext *minus,
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                const char *config_path,
+                char **files,
+                UnitFilePresetMode mode,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        int r;
+
+        assert(plus);
+        assert(minus);
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(config_path);
+
+        if (mode != UNIT_FILE_PRESET_ENABLE_ONLY) {
+                _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *remove_symlinks_to = NULL;
+
+                r = install_context_mark_for_removal(minus, lp, &remove_symlinks_to, config_path, changes, n_changes);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = remove_marked_symlinks(remove_symlinks_to, config_path, lp, false, changes, n_changes);
+        } else
+                r = 0;
+
+        if (mode != UNIT_FILE_PRESET_DISABLE_ONLY) {
+                int q;
+
+                /* Returns number of symlinks that where supposed to be installed. */
+                q = install_context_apply(plus, lp,
+                                          file_flags | UNIT_FILE_IGNORE_AUXILIARY_FAILURE,
+                                          config_path,
+                                          SEARCH_LOAD, changes, n_changes);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        if (q < 0)
+                                r = q;
+                        else
+                                r += q;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int preset_prepare_one(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                InstallContext *plus,
+                InstallContext *minus,
+                LookupPaths *lp,
+                const char *name,
+                const UnitFilePresets *presets,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_(install_context_done) InstallContext tmp = { .scope = scope };
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **instance_name_list = NULL;
+        InstallInfo *info;
+        int r;
+
+        if (install_info_find(plus, name) || install_info_find(minus, name))
+                return 0;
+
+        r = install_info_discover(&tmp, lp, name, SEARCH_FOLLOW_CONFIG_SYMLINKS,
+                                  &info, changes, n_changes);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (!streq(name, info->name)) {
+                log_debug("Skipping %s because it is an alias for %s.", name, info->name);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = query_presets(name, presets, &instance_name_list);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (r > 0) {
+                if (instance_name_list)
+                        STRV_FOREACH(s, instance_name_list) {
+                                r = install_info_discover_and_check(plus, lp, *s, SEARCH_LOAD|SEARCH_FOLLOW_CONFIG_SYMLINKS,
+                                                                    &info, changes, n_changes);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                        }
+                else {
+                        r = install_info_discover_and_check(plus, lp, name, SEARCH_LOAD|SEARCH_FOLLOW_CONFIG_SYMLINKS,
+                                                            &info, changes, n_changes);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+        } else
+                r = install_info_discover(minus, lp, name, SEARCH_FOLLOW_CONFIG_SYMLINKS,
+                                          &info, changes, n_changes);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int unit_file_preset(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                UnitFileFlags file_flags,
+                const char *root_dir,
+                char **names,
+                UnitFilePresetMode mode,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_(install_context_done) InstallContext plus = {}, minus = {};
+        _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths lp = {};
+        _cleanup_(unit_file_presets_freep) UnitFilePresets presets = {};
+        const char *config_path;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(scope >= 0);
+        assert(scope < _LOOKUP_SCOPE_MAX);
+        assert(mode < _UNIT_FILE_PRESET_MODE_MAX);
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&lp, scope, 0, root_dir);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        config_path = (file_flags & UNIT_FILE_RUNTIME) ? lp.runtime_config : lp.persistent_config;
+        if (!config_path)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        r = read_presets(scope, root_dir, &presets);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
+                r = preset_prepare_one(scope, &plus, &minus, &lp, *name, &presets, changes, n_changes);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return execute_preset(file_flags, &plus, &minus, &lp, config_path, names, mode, changes, n_changes);
+}
+
+int unit_file_preset_all(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                UnitFileFlags file_flags,
+                const char *root_dir,
+                UnitFilePresetMode mode,
+                InstallChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_(install_context_done) InstallContext plus = {}, minus = {};
+        _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths lp = {};
+        _cleanup_(unit_file_presets_freep) UnitFilePresets presets = {};
+        const char *config_path = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(scope >= 0);
+        assert(scope < _LOOKUP_SCOPE_MAX);
+        assert(mode < _UNIT_FILE_PRESET_MODE_MAX);
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&lp, scope, 0, root_dir);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        config_path = (file_flags & UNIT_FILE_RUNTIME) ? lp.runtime_config : lp.persistent_config;
+        if (!config_path)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        r = read_presets(scope, root_dir, &presets);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, lp.search_path) {
+                _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+
+                d = opendir(*i);
+                if (!d) {
+                        if (errno == ENOENT)
+                                continue;
+
+                        return -errno;
+                }
+
+                FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, return -errno) {
+
+                        if (!unit_name_is_valid(de->d_name, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (!IN_SET(de->d_type, DT_LNK, DT_REG))
+                                continue;
+
+                        r = preset_prepare_one(scope, &plus, &minus, &lp, de->d_name, &presets, changes, n_changes);
+                        if (r < 0 &&
+                            !IN_SET(r, -EEXIST, -ERFKILL, -EADDRNOTAVAIL, -EBADSLT, -EIDRM, -EUCLEAN, -ELOOP, -ENOENT, -EUNATCH, -EXDEV))
+                                /* Ignore generated/transient/missing/invalid units when applying preset, propagate other errors.
+                                 * Coordinate with install_changes_dump() above. */
+                                return r;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return execute_preset(file_flags, &plus, &minus, &lp, config_path, NULL, mode, changes, n_changes);
+}
+
+static UnitFileList* unit_file_list_free_one(UnitFileList *f) {
+        if (!f)
+                return NULL;
+
+        free(f->path);
+        return mfree(f);
+}
+
+Hashmap* unit_file_list_free(Hashmap *h) {
+        return hashmap_free_with_destructor(h, unit_file_list_free_one);
+}
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(UnitFileList*, unit_file_list_free_one);
+
+int unit_file_get_list(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                const char *root_dir,
+                Hashmap *h,
+                char **states,
+                char **patterns) {
+
+        _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths lp = {};
+        int r;
+
+        assert(scope >= 0);
+        assert(scope < _LOOKUP_SCOPE_MAX);
+        assert(h);
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&lp, scope, 0, root_dir);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(dirname, lp.search_path) {
+                _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+
+                d = opendir(*dirname);
+                if (!d) {
+                        if (errno == ENOENT)
+                                continue;
+                        if (IN_SET(errno, ENOTDIR, EACCES)) {
+                                log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to open \"%s\": %m", *dirname);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        return -errno;
+                }
+
+                FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, return -errno) {
+                        _cleanup_(unit_file_list_free_onep) UnitFileList *f = NULL;
+
+                        if (!unit_name_is_valid(de->d_name, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (!strv_fnmatch_or_empty(patterns, de->d_name, FNM_NOESCAPE))
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (hashmap_get(h, de->d_name))
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (!IN_SET(de->d_type, DT_LNK, DT_REG))
+                                continue;
+
+                        f = new0(UnitFileList, 1);
+                        if (!f)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        f->path = path_make_absolute(de->d_name, *dirname);
+                        if (!f->path)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        r = unit_file_lookup_state(scope, &lp, de->d_name, &f->state);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                f->state = UNIT_FILE_BAD;
+
+                        if (!strv_isempty(states) &&
+                            !strv_contains(states, unit_file_state_to_string(f->state)))
+                                continue;
+
+                        r = hashmap_put(h, basename(f->path), f);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        f = NULL; /* prevent cleanup */
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static const char* const unit_file_state_table[_UNIT_FILE_STATE_MAX] = {
+        [UNIT_FILE_ENABLED]         = "enabled",
+        [UNIT_FILE_ENABLED_RUNTIME] = "enabled-runtime",
+        [UNIT_FILE_LINKED]          = "linked",
+        [UNIT_FILE_LINKED_RUNTIME]  = "linked-runtime",
+        [UNIT_FILE_ALIAS]           = "alias",
+        [UNIT_FILE_MASKED]          = "masked",
+        [UNIT_FILE_MASKED_RUNTIME]  = "masked-runtime",
+        [UNIT_FILE_STATIC]          = "static",
+        [UNIT_FILE_DISABLED]        = "disabled",
+        [UNIT_FILE_INDIRECT]        = "indirect",
+        [UNIT_FILE_GENERATED]       = "generated",
+        [UNIT_FILE_TRANSIENT]       = "transient",
+        [UNIT_FILE_BAD]             = "bad",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(unit_file_state, UnitFileState);
+
+static const char* const install_change_type_table[_INSTALL_CHANGE_TYPE_MAX] = {
+        [INSTALL_CHANGE_SYMLINK]                 = "symlink",
+        [INSTALL_CHANGE_UNLINK]                  = "unlink",
+        [INSTALL_CHANGE_IS_MASKED]               = "masked",
+        [INSTALL_CHANGE_IS_MASKED_GENERATOR]     = "masked by generator",
+        [INSTALL_CHANGE_IS_DANGLING]             = "dangling",
+        [INSTALL_CHANGE_DESTINATION_NOT_PRESENT] = "destination not present",
+        [INSTALL_CHANGE_AUXILIARY_FAILED]        = "auxiliary unit failed",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(install_change_type, InstallChangeType);
+
+static const char* const unit_file_preset_mode_table[_UNIT_FILE_PRESET_MODE_MAX] = {
+        [UNIT_FILE_PRESET_FULL]         = "full",
+        [UNIT_FILE_PRESET_ENABLE_ONLY]  = "enable-only",
+        [UNIT_FILE_PRESET_DISABLE_ONLY] = "disable-only",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(unit_file_preset_mode, UnitFilePresetMode);