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+<?xml version='1.0'?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
+
+<refentry id="sd_bus_message_append_array"
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_bus_message_append_array</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_bus_message_append_array</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_bus_message_append_array</refname>
+ <refname>sd_bus_message_append_array_memfd</refname>
+ <refname>sd_bus_message_append_array_iovec</refname>
+ <refname>sd_bus_message_append_array_space</refname>
+
+ <refpurpose>Append an array of fields to a D-Bus
+ message</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-bus.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int sd_bus_message_append_array</funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_bus_message *<parameter>m</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>char <parameter>type</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>void *<parameter>ptr</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>size_t <parameter>size</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int sd_bus_message_append_array_memfd</funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_bus_message *<parameter>m</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>char <parameter>type</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>memfd</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>uint64_t <parameter>offset</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>uint64_t <parameter>size</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int sd_bus_message_append_array_iovec</funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_bus_message *<parameter>m</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>char <parameter>type</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>const struct iovec *<parameter>iov</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>unsigned <parameter>n</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int sd_bus_message_append_array_space</funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_bus_message *<parameter>m</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>char <parameter>type</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>size_t <parameter>size</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>void **<parameter>ptr</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_bus_message_append_array()</function>
+ function appends an array to a D-Bus message
+ <parameter>m</parameter>. A container will be opened, the array
+ contents appended, and the container closed. The parameter
+ <parameter>type</parameter> determines how the pointer
+ <parameter>p</parameter> is interpreted.
+ <parameter>type</parameter> must be one of the "trivial" types
+ <literal>y</literal>, <literal>n</literal>, <literal>q</literal>,
+ <literal>i</literal>, <literal>u</literal>, <literal>x</literal>,
+ <literal>t</literal>, <literal>d</literal> (but not
+ <literal>b</literal>), as defined by the <ulink
+ url="https://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/dbus-specification.html#basic-types">Basic
+ Types</ulink> section of the D-Bus specification, and listed in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_bus_message_append_basic</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+ Pointer <parameter>p</parameter> must point to an array of size
+ <parameter>size</parameter> bytes containing items of the
+ respective type. Size <parameter>size</parameter> must be a
+ multiple of the size of the type <parameter>type</parameter>. As a
+ special case, <parameter>p</parameter> may be
+ <constant>NULL</constant>, if <parameter>size</parameter> is 0.
+ The memory pointed to by <parameter>p</parameter> is copied into
+ the memory area containing the message and stays in possession of
+ the caller. The caller may hence freely change the data after this
+ call without affecting the message the array was appended
+ to.</para>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_bus_message_append_array_memfd()</function>
+ function appends an array of a trivial type to message
+ <parameter>m</parameter>, similar to
+ <function>sd_bus_message_append_array()</function>. The contents
+ of the memory file descriptor <parameter>memfd</parameter>
+ starting at the specified offset and of the specified size is
+ used as the contents of the array. The offset and size must be a
+ multiple of the size of the type
+ <parameter>type</parameter>. However, as a special exception, if
+ the offset is specified as zero and the size specified as
+ UINT64_MAX the full memory file descriptor contents is used. The
+ memory file descriptor is sealed by this call if it has not been
+ sealed yet, and cannot be modified after this call. See
+ <citerefentry
+ project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>memfd_create</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details about memory file descriptors. Appending arrays with
+ memory file descriptors enables efficient zero-copy data transfer,
+ as the memory file descriptor may be passed as-is to the
+ destination, without copying the memory in it to the destination
+ process. Not all protocol transports support passing memory file
+ descriptors between participants, in which case this call will
+ automatically fall back to copying. Also, as memory file
+ descriptor passing is inefficient for smaller amounts of data,
+ copying might still be enforced even where memory file descriptor
+ passing is supported.</para>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_bus_message_append_array_iovec()</function>
+ function appends an array of a trivial type to the message
+ <parameter>m</parameter>, similar to
+ <function>sd_bus_message_append_array()</function>. Contents of
+ the I/O vector array <parameter>iov</parameter> are used as the
+ contents of the array. The total size of
+ <parameter>iov</parameter> payload (the sum of
+ <structfield>iov_len</structfield> fields) must be a multiple of
+ the size of the type <parameter>type</parameter>. The
+ <parameter>iov</parameter> argument must point to
+ <parameter>n</parameter> I/O vector structures. Each structure may
+ have the <structname>iov_base</structname> field set, in which
+ case the memory pointed to will be copied into the message, or
+ unset (set to zero), in which case a block of zeros of length
+ <structname>iov_len</structname> bytes will be inserted. The
+ memory pointed at by <parameter>iov</parameter> may be changed
+ after this call.</para>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_bus_message_append_array_space()</function>
+ function appends space for an array of a trivial type to message
+ <parameter>m</parameter>. It behaves the same as
+ <function>sd_bus_message_append_array()</function>, but instead of
+ copying items to the message, it returns a pointer to the
+ destination area to the caller in pointer
+ <parameter>p</parameter>. The caller should subsequently write the
+ array contents to this memory. Modifications to the memory
+ pointed to should only occur until the next operation on the bus
+ message is invoked. Most importantly, the memory should not be
+ altered anymore when another field has been added to the message
+ or the message has been sealed.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para>On success, these calls return 0 or a positive integer. On failure, they return a negative
+ errno-style error code.</para>
+
+ <xi:include href="sd_bus_message_append_basic.xml" xpointer="errors" />
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <xi:include href="libsystemd-pkgconfig.xml" />
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-bus</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_bus_message_append</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_bus_message_append_basic</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>memfd_create</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <ulink url="https://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/dbus-specification.html">The D-Bus specification</ulink>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>