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authorDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-04-07 08:50:31 +0000
committerDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-04-07 08:50:31 +0000
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Adding upstream version 2:9.0.1378.upstream/2%9.0.1378upstream
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
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+*mbyte.txt* For Vim version 9.0. Last change: 2022 Apr 03
+
+
+ VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar et al.
+
+
+Multi-byte support *multibyte* *multi-byte*
+ *Chinese* *Japanese* *Korean*
+This is about editing text in languages which have many characters that can
+not be represented using one byte (one octet). Examples are Chinese, Japanese
+and Korean. Unicode is also covered here.
+
+For an introduction to the most common features, see |usr_45.txt| in the user
+manual.
+For changing the language of messages and menus see |mlang.txt|.
+
+1. Getting started |mbyte-first|
+2. Locale |mbyte-locale|
+3. Encoding |mbyte-encoding|
+4. Using a terminal |mbyte-terminal|
+5. Fonts on X11 |mbyte-fonts-X11|
+6. Fonts on MS-Windows |mbyte-fonts-MSwin|
+7. Input on X11 |mbyte-XIM|
+8. Input on MS-Windows |mbyte-IME|
+9. Input with a keymap |mbyte-keymap|
+10. Input with imactivatefunc() |mbyte-func|
+11. Using UTF-8 |mbyte-utf8|
+12. Overview of options |mbyte-options|
+
+NOTE: This file contains UTF-8 characters. These may show up as strange
+characters or boxes when using another encoding.
+
+==============================================================================
+1. Getting started *mbyte-first*
+
+This is a summary of the multibyte features in Vim. If you are lucky it works
+as described and you can start using Vim without much trouble. If something
+doesn't work you will have to read the rest. Don't be surprised if it takes
+quite a bit of work and experimenting to make Vim use all the multibyte
+features. Unfortunately, every system has its own way to deal with multibyte
+languages and it is quite complicated.
+
+
+LOCALE
+
+First of all, you must make sure your current locale is set correctly. If
+your system has been installed to use the language, it probably works right
+away. If not, you can often make it work by setting the $LANG environment
+variable in your shell: >
+
+ setenv LANG ja_JP.EUC
+
+Unfortunately, the name of the locale depends on your system. Japanese might
+also be called "ja_JP.EUCjp" or just "ja". To see what is currently used: >
+
+ :language
+
+To change the locale inside Vim use: >
+
+ :language ja_JP.EUC
+
+Vim will give an error message if this doesn't work. This is a good way to
+experiment and find the locale name you want to use. But it's always better
+to set the locale in the shell, so that it is used right from the start.
+
+See |mbyte-locale| for details.
+
+
+ENCODING
+
+If your locale works properly, Vim will try to set the 'encoding' option
+accordingly. If this doesn't work you can overrule its value: >
+
+ :set encoding=utf-8
+
+See |encoding-values| for a list of acceptable values.
+
+The result is that all the text that is used inside Vim will be in this
+encoding. Not only the text in the buffers, but also in registers, variables,
+etc. This also means that changing the value of 'encoding' makes the existing
+text invalid! The text doesn't change, but it will be displayed wrong.
+
+You can edit files in another encoding than what 'encoding' is set to. Vim
+will convert the file when you read it and convert it back when you write it.
+See 'fileencoding', 'fileencodings' and |++enc|.
+
+
+DISPLAY AND FONTS
+
+If you are working in a terminal (emulator) you must make sure it accepts the
+same encoding as which Vim is working with. If this is not the case, you can
+use the 'termencoding' option to make Vim convert text automatically.
+
+For the GUI you must select fonts that work with the current 'encoding'. This
+is the difficult part. It depends on the system you are using, the locale and
+a few other things. See the chapters on fonts: |mbyte-fonts-X11| for
+X-Windows and |mbyte-fonts-MSwin| for MS-Windows.
+
+For GTK+ 2, you can skip most of this section. The option 'guifontset' does
+no longer exist. You only need to set 'guifont' and everything should "just
+work". If your system comes with Xft2 and fontconfig and the current font
+does not contain a certain glyph, a different font will be used automatically
+if available. The 'guifontwide' option is still supported but usually you do
+not need to set it. It is only necessary if the automatic font selection does
+not suit your needs.
+
+For X11 you can set the 'guifontset' option to a list of fonts that together
+cover the characters that are used. Example for Korean: >
+
+ :set guifontset=k12,r12
+
+Alternatively, you can set 'guifont' and 'guifontwide'. 'guifont' is used for
+the single-width characters, 'guifontwide' for the double-width characters.
+Thus the 'guifontwide' font must be exactly twice as wide as 'guifont'.
+Example for UTF-8: >
+
+ :set guifont=-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-18-120-100-100-c-90-iso10646-1
+ :set guifontwide=-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-18-120-100-100-c-180-iso10646-1
+
+You can also set 'guifont' alone, Vim will try to find a matching
+'guifontwide' for you.
+
+
+INPUT
+
+There are several ways to enter multibyte characters:
+- For X11 XIM can be used. See |XIM|.
+- For MS-Windows IME can be used. See |IME|.
+- For all systems keymaps can be used. See |mbyte-keymap|.
+
+The options 'iminsert', 'imsearch' and 'imcmdline' can be used to choose
+the different input methods or disable them temporarily.
+
+==============================================================================
+2. Locale *mbyte-locale*
+
+The easiest setup is when your whole system uses the locale you want to work
+in. But it's also possible to set the locale for one shell you are working
+in, or just use a certain locale inside Vim.
+
+
+WHAT IS A LOCALE? *locale*
+
+There are many languages in the world. And there are different cultures and
+environments at least as many as the number of languages. A linguistic
+environment corresponding to an area is called "locale". This includes
+information about the used language, the charset, collating order for sorting,
+date format, currency format and so on. For Vim only the language and charset
+really matter.
+
+You can only use a locale if your system has support for it. Some systems
+have only a few locales, especially in the USA. The language which you want
+to use may not be on your system. In that case you might be able to install
+it as an extra package. Check your system documentation for how to do that.
+
+The location in which the locales are installed varies from system to system.
+For example, "/usr/share/locale" or "/usr/lib/locale". See your system's
+setlocale() man page.
+
+Looking in these directories will show you the exact name of each locale.
+Mostly upper/lowercase matters, thus "ja_JP.EUC" and "ja_jp.euc" are
+different. Some systems have a locale.alias file, which allows translation
+from a short name like "nl" to the full name "nl_NL.ISO_8859-1".
+
+Note that X-windows has its own locale stuff. And unfortunately uses locale
+names different from what is used elsewhere. This is confusing! For Vim it
+matters what the setlocale() function uses, which is generally NOT the
+X-windows stuff. You might have to do some experiments to find out what
+really works.
+
+ *locale-name*
+The (simplified) format of |locale| name is:
+
+ language
+or language_territory
+or language_territory.codeset
+
+Territory means the country (or part of it), codeset means the |charset|. For
+example, the locale name "ja_JP.eucJP" means:
+ ja the language is Japanese
+ JP the country is Japan
+ eucJP the codeset is EUC-JP
+But it also could be "ja", "ja_JP.EUC", "ja_JP.ujis", etc. And unfortunately,
+the locale name for a specific language, territory and codeset is not unified
+and depends on your system.
+
+Examples of locale name:
+ charset language locale name ~
+ GB2312 Chinese (simplified) zh_CN.EUC, zh_CN.GB2312
+ Big5 Chinese (traditional) zh_TW.BIG5, zh_TW.Big5
+ CNS-11643 Chinese (traditional) zh_TW
+ EUC-JP Japanese ja, ja_JP.EUC, ja_JP.ujis, ja_JP.eucJP
+ Shift_JIS Japanese ja_JP.SJIS, ja_JP.Shift_JIS
+ EUC-KR Korean ko, ko_KR.EUC
+
+
+USING A LOCALE
+
+To start using a locale for the whole system, see the documentation of your
+system. Mostly you need to set it in a configuration file in "/etc".
+
+To use a locale in a shell, set the $LANG environment value. When you want to
+use Korean and the |locale| name is "ko", do this:
+
+ sh: export LANG=ko
+ csh: setenv LANG ko
+
+You can put this in your ~/.profile or ~/.cshrc file to always use it.
+
+To use a locale in Vim only, use the |:language| command: >
+
+ :language ko
+
+Put this in your ~/.vimrc file to use it always.
+
+Or specify $LANG when starting Vim:
+
+ sh: LANG=ko vim {vim-arguments}
+ csh: env LANG=ko vim {vim-arguments}
+
+You could make a small shell script for this.
+
+==============================================================================
+3. Encoding *mbyte-encoding*
+
+Vim uses the 'encoding' option to specify how characters are identified and
+encoded when they are used inside Vim. This applies to all the places where
+text is used, including buffers (files loaded into memory), registers and
+variables.
+
+ *charset* *codeset*
+Charset is another name for encoding. There are subtle differences, but these
+don't matter when using Vim. "codeset" is another similar name.
+
+Each character is encoded as one or more bytes. When all characters are
+encoded with one byte, we call this a single-byte encoding. The most often
+used one is called "latin1". This limits the number of characters to 256.
+Some of these are control characters, thus even fewer can be used for text.
+
+When some characters use two or more bytes, we call this a multibyte
+encoding. This allows using much more than 256 characters, which is required
+for most East Asian languages.
+
+Most multibyte encodings use one byte for the first 127 characters. These
+are equal to ASCII, which makes it easy to exchange plain-ASCII text, no
+matter what language is used. Thus you might see the right text even when the
+encoding was set wrong.
+
+ *encoding-names*
+Vim can use many different character encodings. There are three major groups:
+
+1 8bit Single-byte encodings, 256 different characters. Mostly used
+ in USA and Europe. Example: ISO-8859-1 (Latin1). All
+ characters occupy one screen cell only.
+
+2 2byte Double-byte encodings, over 10000 different characters.
+ Mostly used in Asian countries. Example: euc-kr (Korean)
+ The number of screen cells is equal to the number of bytes
+ (except for euc-jp when the first byte is 0x8e).
+
+u Unicode Universal encoding, can replace all others. ISO 10646.
+ Millions of different characters. Example: UTF-8. The
+ relation between bytes and screen cells is complex.
+
+Other encodings cannot be used by Vim internally. But files in other
+encodings can be edited by using conversion, see 'fileencoding'.
+Note that all encodings must use ASCII for the characters up to 128 (except
+when compiled for EBCDIC).
+
+Supported 'encoding' values are: *encoding-values*
+1 latin1 8-bit characters (ISO 8859-1, also used for cp1252)
+1 iso-8859-n ISO_8859 variant (n = 2 to 15)
+1 koi8-r Russian
+1 koi8-u Ukrainian
+1 macroman MacRoman (Macintosh encoding)
+1 8bit-{name} any 8-bit encoding (Vim specific name)
+1 cp437 similar to iso-8859-1
+1 cp737 similar to iso-8859-7
+1 cp775 Baltic
+1 cp850 similar to iso-8859-4
+1 cp852 similar to iso-8859-1
+1 cp855 similar to iso-8859-2
+1 cp857 similar to iso-8859-5
+1 cp860 similar to iso-8859-9
+1 cp861 similar to iso-8859-1
+1 cp862 similar to iso-8859-1
+1 cp863 similar to iso-8859-8
+1 cp865 similar to iso-8859-1
+1 cp866 similar to iso-8859-5
+1 cp869 similar to iso-8859-7
+1 cp874 Thai
+1 cp1250 Czech, Polish, etc.
+1 cp1251 Cyrillic
+1 cp1253 Greek
+1 cp1254 Turkish
+1 cp1255 Hebrew
+1 cp1256 Arabic
+1 cp1257 Baltic
+1 cp1258 Vietnamese
+1 cp{number} MS-Windows: any installed single-byte codepage
+2 cp932 Japanese (Windows only)
+2 euc-jp Japanese (Unix only)
+2 sjis Japanese (Unix only)
+2 cp949 Korean (Unix and Windows)
+2 euc-kr Korean (Unix only)
+2 cp936 simplified Chinese (Windows only)
+2 euc-cn simplified Chinese (Unix only)
+2 cp950 traditional Chinese (on Unix alias for big5)
+2 big5 traditional Chinese (on Windows alias for cp950)
+2 euc-tw traditional Chinese (Unix only)
+2 2byte-{name} Unix: any double-byte encoding (Vim specific name)
+2 cp{number} MS-Windows: any installed double-byte codepage
+u utf-8 32 bit UTF-8 encoded Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646-1)
+u ucs-2 16 bit UCS-2 encoded Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646-1)
+u ucs-2le like ucs-2, little endian
+u utf-16 ucs-2 extended with double-words for more characters
+u utf-16le like utf-16, little endian
+u ucs-4 32 bit UCS-4 encoded Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646-1)
+u ucs-4le like ucs-4, little endian
+
+The {name} can be any encoding name that your system supports. It is passed
+to iconv() to convert between the encoding of the file and the current locale.
+For MS-Windows "cp{number}" means using codepage {number}.
+Examples: >
+ :set encoding=8bit-cp1252
+ :set encoding=2byte-cp932
+
+The MS-Windows codepage 1252 is very similar to latin1. For practical reasons
+the same encoding is used and it's called latin1. 'isprint' can be used to
+display the characters 0x80 - 0xA0 or not.
+
+Several aliases can be used, they are translated to one of the names above.
+An incomplete list:
+
+1 ansi same as latin1 (obsolete, for backward compatibility)
+2 japan Japanese: on Unix "euc-jp", on MS-Windows cp932
+2 korea Korean: on Unix "euc-kr", on MS-Windows cp949
+2 prc simplified Chinese: on Unix "euc-cn", on MS-Windows cp936
+2 chinese same as "prc"
+2 taiwan traditional Chinese: on Unix "euc-tw", on MS-Windows cp950
+u utf8 same as utf-8
+u unicode same as ucs-2
+u ucs2be same as ucs-2 (big endian)
+u ucs-2be same as ucs-2 (big endian)
+u ucs-4be same as ucs-4 (big endian)
+u utf-32 same as ucs-4
+u utf-32le same as ucs-4le
+ default stands for the default value of 'encoding', depends on the
+ environment
+
+For the UCS codes the byte order matters. This is tricky, use UTF-8 whenever
+you can. The default is to use big-endian (most significant byte comes
+first):
+ name bytes char ~
+ ucs-2 11 22 1122
+ ucs-2le 22 11 1122
+ ucs-4 11 22 33 44 11223344
+ ucs-4le 44 33 22 11 11223344
+
+On MS-Windows systems you often want to use "ucs-2le", because it uses little
+endian UCS-2.
+
+There are a few encodings which are similar, but not exactly the same. Vim
+treats them as if they were different encodings, so that conversion will be
+done when needed. You might want to use the similar name to avoid conversion
+or when conversion is not possible:
+
+ cp932, shift-jis, sjis
+ cp936, euc-cn
+
+ *encoding-table*
+Normally 'encoding' is equal to your current locale and 'termencoding' is
+empty. This means that your keyboard and display work with characters encoded
+in your current locale, and Vim uses the same characters internally.
+
+You can make Vim use characters in a different encoding by setting the
+'encoding' option to a different value. Since the keyboard and display still
+use the current locale, conversion needs to be done. The 'termencoding' then
+takes over the value of the current locale, so Vim converts between 'encoding'
+and 'termencoding'. Example: >
+ :let &termencoding = &encoding
+ :set encoding=utf-8
+
+However, not all combinations of values are possible. The table below tells
+you how each of the nine combinations works. This is further restricted by
+not all conversions being possible, iconv() being present, etc. Since this
+depends on the system used, no detailed list can be given.
+
+('tenc' is the short name for 'termencoding' and 'enc' short for 'encoding')
+
+'tenc' 'enc' remark ~
+
+ 8bit 8bit Works. When 'termencoding' is different from
+ 'encoding' typing and displaying may be wrong for some
+ characters, Vim does NOT perform conversion (set
+ 'encoding' to "utf-8" to get this).
+ 8bit 2byte MS-Windows: works for all codepages installed on your
+ system; you can only type 8bit characters;
+ Other systems: does NOT work.
+ 8bit Unicode Works, but only 8bit characters can be typed directly
+ (others through digraphs, keymaps, etc.); in a
+ terminal you can only see 8bit characters; the GUI can
+ show all characters that the 'guifont' supports.
+
+ 2byte 8bit Works, but typing non-ASCII characters might
+ be a problem.
+ 2byte 2byte MS-Windows: works for all codepages installed on your
+ system; typing characters might be a problem when
+ locale is different from 'encoding'.
+ Other systems: Only works when 'termencoding' is equal
+ to 'encoding', you might as well leave it empty.
+ 2byte Unicode works, Vim will translate typed characters.
+
+ Unicode 8bit works (unusual)
+ Unicode 2byte does NOT work
+ Unicode Unicode works very well (leaving 'termencoding' empty works
+ the same way, because all Unicode is handled
+ internally as UTF-8)
+
+CONVERSION *charset-conversion*
+
+Vim will automatically convert from one to another encoding in several places:
+- When reading a file and 'fileencoding' is different from 'encoding'
+- When writing a file and 'fileencoding' is different from 'encoding'
+- When displaying characters and 'termencoding' is different from 'encoding'
+- When reading input and 'termencoding' is different from 'encoding'
+- When displaying messages and the encoding used for LC_MESSAGES differs from
+ 'encoding' (requires a gettext version that supports this).
+- When reading a Vim script where |:scriptencoding| is different from
+ 'encoding'.
+- When reading or writing a |viminfo| file.
+Most of these require the |+iconv| feature. Conversion for reading and
+writing files may also be specified with the 'charconvert' option.
+
+Useful utilities for converting the charset:
+ All: iconv
+ GNU iconv can convert most encodings. Unicode is used as the
+ intermediate encoding, which allows conversion from and to all other
+ encodings. See http://www.gnu.org/directory/libiconv.html.
+
+ Japanese: nkf
+ Nkf is "Network Kanji code conversion Filter". One of the most unique
+ facility of nkf is the guess of the input Kanji code. So, you don't
+ need to know what the inputting file's |charset| is. When convert to
+ EUC-JP from ISO-2022-JP or Shift_JIS, simply do the following command
+ in Vim:
+ :%!nkf -e
+ Nkf can be found at:
+ http://www.sfc.wide.ad.jp/~max/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/nkf-1.62.tar.gz
+
+ Chinese: hc
+ Hc is "Hanzi Converter". Hc convert a GB file to a Big5 file, or Big5
+ file to GB file. Hc can be found at:
+ ftp://ftp.cuhk.hk/pub/chinese/ifcss/software/unix/convert/hc-30.tar.gz
+
+ Korean: hmconv
+ Hmconv is Korean code conversion utility especially for E-mail. It can
+ convert between EUC-KR and ISO-2022-KR. Hmconv can be found at:
+ ftp://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/pub/hangul/code/hmconv/
+
+ Multilingual: lv
+ Lv is a Powerful Multilingual File Viewer. And it can be worked as
+ |charset| converter. Supported |charset|: ISO-2022-CN, ISO-2022-JP,
+ ISO-2022-KR, EUC-CN, EUC-JP, EUC-KR, EUC-TW, UTF-7, UTF-8, ISO-8859
+ series, Shift_JIS, Big5 and HZ. Lv can be found at:
+ http://www.ff.iij4u.or.jp/~nrt/lv/index.html
+
+
+ *mbyte-conversion*
+When reading and writing files in an encoding different from 'encoding',
+conversion needs to be done. These conversions are supported:
+- All conversions between Latin-1 (ISO-8859-1), UTF-8, UCS-2 and UCS-4 are
+ handled internally.
+- For MS-Windows, when 'encoding' is a Unicode encoding, conversion from and
+ to any codepage should work.
+- Conversion specified with 'charconvert'
+- Conversion with the iconv library, if it is available.
+ Old versions of GNU iconv() may cause the conversion to fail (they
+ request a very large buffer, more than Vim is willing to provide).
+ Try getting another iconv() implementation.
+
+ *iconv-dynamic*
+On MS-Windows Vim can be compiled with the |+iconv/dyn| feature. This means
+Vim will search for the "iconv.dll" and "libiconv.dll" libraries. When
+neither of them can be found Vim will still work but some conversions won't be
+possible.
+
+==============================================================================
+4. Using a terminal *mbyte-terminal*
+
+The GUI fully supports multibyte characters. It is also possible in a
+terminal, if the terminal supports the same encoding that Vim uses. Thus this
+is less flexible.
+
+For example, you can run Vim in a xterm with added multibyte support and/or
+|XIM|. Examples are kterm (Kanji term) and hanterm (for Korean), Eterm
+(Enlightened terminal) and rxvt.
+
+If your terminal does not support the right encoding, you can set the
+'termencoding' option. Vim will then convert the typed characters from
+'termencoding' to 'encoding'. And displayed text will be converted from
+'encoding' to 'termencoding'. If the encoding supported by the terminal
+doesn't include all the characters that Vim uses, this leads to lost
+characters. This may mess up the display. If you use a terminal that
+supports Unicode, such as the xterm mentioned below, it should work just fine,
+since nearly every character set can be converted to Unicode without loss of
+information.
+
+
+UTF-8 IN XFREE86 XTERM *UTF8-xterm*
+
+This is a short explanation of how to use UTF-8 character encoding in the
+xterm that comes with XFree86 by Thomas Dickey (text by Markus Kuhn).
+
+Get the latest xterm version which has now UTF-8 support:
+
+ http://invisible-island.net/xterm/xterm.html
+
+Compile it with "./configure --enable-wide-chars ; make"
+
+Also get the ISO 10646-1 version of various fonts, which is available on
+
+ http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/download/ucs-fonts.tar.gz
+
+and install the font as described in the README file.
+
+Now start xterm with >
+
+ xterm -u8 -fn -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso10646-1
+or, for bigger character: >
+ xterm -u8 -fn -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--15-140-75-75-c-90-iso10646-1
+
+and you will have a working UTF-8 terminal emulator. Try both >
+
+ cat utf-8-demo.txt
+ vim utf-8-demo.txt
+
+with the demo text that comes with ucs-fonts.tar.gz in order to see
+whether there are any problems with UTF-8 in your xterm.
+
+For Vim you may need to set 'encoding' to "utf-8".
+
+==============================================================================
+5. Fonts on X11 *mbyte-fonts-X11*
+
+Unfortunately, using fonts in X11 is complicated. The name of a single-byte
+font is a long string. For multibyte fonts we need several of these...
+
+Note: Most of this is no longer relevant for GTK+ 2. Selecting a font via
+its XLFD is not supported; see 'guifont' for an example of how to
+set the font. Do yourself a favor and ignore the |XLFD| and |xfontset|
+sections below.
+
+First of all, Vim only accepts fixed-width fonts for displaying text. You
+cannot use proportionally spaced fonts. This excludes many of the available
+(and nicer looking) fonts. However, for menus and tooltips any font can be
+used.
+
+Note that Display and Input are independent. It is possible to see your
+language even though you have no input method for it.
+
+You should get a default font for menus and tooltips that works, but it might
+be ugly. Read the following to find out how to select a better font.
+
+
+X LOGICAL FONT DESCRIPTION (XLFD)
+ *XLFD*
+XLFD is the X font name and contains the information about the font size,
+charset, etc. The name is in this format:
+
+FOUNDRY-FAMILY-WEIGHT-SLANT-WIDTH-STYLE-PIXEL-POINT-X-Y-SPACE-AVE-CR-CE
+
+Each field means:
+
+- FOUNDRY: FOUNDRY field. The company that created the font.
+- FAMILY: FAMILY_NAME field. Basic font family name. (helvetica, gothic,
+ times, etc)
+- WEIGHT: WEIGHT_NAME field. How thick the letters are. (light, medium,
+ bold, etc)
+- SLANT: SLANT field.
+ r: Roman (no slant)
+ i: Italic
+ o: Oblique
+ ri: Reverse Italic
+ ro: Reverse Oblique
+ ot: Other
+ number: Scaled font
+- WIDTH: SETWIDTH_NAME field. Width of characters. (normal, condensed,
+ narrow, double wide)
+- STYLE: ADD_STYLE_NAME field. Extra info to describe font. (Serif, Sans
+ Serif, Informal, Decorated, etc)
+- PIXEL: PIXEL_SIZE field. Height, in pixels, of characters.
+- POINT: POINT_SIZE field. Ten times height of characters in points.
+- X: RESOLUTION_X field. X resolution (dots per inch).
+- Y: RESOLUTION_Y field. Y resolution (dots per inch).
+- SPACE: SPACING field.
+ p: Proportional
+ m: Monospaced
+ c: CharCell
+- AVE: AVERAGE_WIDTH field. Ten times average width in pixels.
+- CR: CHARSET_REGISTRY field. The name of the charset group.
+- CE: CHARSET_ENCODING field. The rest of the charset name. For some
+ charsets, such as JIS X 0208, if this field is 0, code points has
+ the same value as GL, and GR if 1.
+
+For example, in case of a 16 dots font corresponding to JIS X 0208, it is
+written like:
+ -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--16-110-100-100-c-160-jisx0208.1990-0
+
+
+X FONTSET
+ *fontset* *xfontset*
+A single-byte charset is typically associated with one font. For multibyte
+charsets a combination of fonts is often used. This means that one group of
+characters are used from one font and another group from another font (which
+might be double wide). This collection of fonts is called a fontset.
+
+Which fonts are required in a fontset depends on the current locale. X
+windows maintains a table of which groups of characters are required for a
+locale. You have to specify all the fonts that a locale requires in the
+'guifontset' option.
+
+Setting the 'guifontset' option also means that all font names will be handled
+as a fontset name. Also the ones used for the "font" argument of the
+|:highlight| command.
+
+Note the difference between 'guifont' and 'guifontset': In 'guifont'
+the comma-separated names are alternative names, one of which will be
+used. In 'guifontset' the whole string is one fontset name,
+including the commas. It is not possible to specify alternative
+fontset names.
+This example works on many X11 systems: >
+ :set guifontset=-*-*-medium-r-normal--16-*-*-*-c-*-*-*
+<
+The fonts must match with the current locale. If fonts for the character sets
+that the current locale uses are not included, setting 'guifontset' will fail.
+
+NOTE: The fontset always uses the current locale, even though 'encoding' may
+be set to use a different charset. In that situation you might want to use
+'guifont' and 'guifontwide' instead of 'guifontset'.
+
+Example:
+ |charset| language "groups of characters" ~
+ GB2312 Chinese (simplified) ISO-8859-1 and GB 2312
+ Big5 Chinese (traditional) ISO-8859-1 and Big5
+ CNS-11643 Chinese (traditional) ISO-8859-1, CNS 11643-1 and CNS 11643-2
+ EUC-JP Japanese JIS X 0201 and JIS X 0208
+ EUC-KR Korean ISO-8859-1 and KS C 5601 (KS X 1001)
+
+You can search for fonts using the xlsfonts command. For example, when you're
+searching for a font for KS C 5601: >
+ xlsfonts | grep ksc5601
+
+This is complicated and confusing. You might want to consult the X-Windows
+documentation if there is something you don't understand.
+
+ *base_font_name_list*
+When you have found the names of the fonts you want to use, you need to set
+the 'guifontset' option. You specify the list by concatenating the font names
+and putting a comma in between them.
+
+For example, when you use the ja_JP.eucJP locale, this requires JIS X 0201
+and JIS X 0208. You could supply a list of fonts that explicitly specifies
+the charsets, like: >
+
+ :set guifontset=-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--14-130-75-75-c-140-jisx0208.1983-0,
+ \-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--14-130-75-75-c-70-jisx0201.1976-0
+
+Alternatively, you can supply a base font name list that omits the charset
+name, letting X-Windows select font characters required for the locale. For
+example: >
+
+ :set guifontset=-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--14-130-75-75-c-140,
+ \-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--14-130-75-75-c-70
+
+Alternatively, you can supply a single base font name that allows X-Windows to
+select from all available fonts. For example: >
+
+ :set guifontset=-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--14-*
+
+Alternatively, you can specify alias names. See the fonts.alias file in the
+fonts directory (e.g., /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/). For example: >
+
+ :set guifontset=k14,r14
+<
+ *E253*
+Note that in East Asian fonts, the standard character cell is square. When
+mixing a Latin font and an East Asian font, the East Asian font width should
+be twice the Latin font width.
+
+If 'guifontset' is not empty, the "font" argument of the |:highlight| command
+is also interpreted as a fontset. For example, you should use for
+highlighting: >
+ :hi Comment font=english_font,your_font
+If you use a wrong "font" argument you will get an error message.
+Also make sure that you set 'guifontset' before setting fonts for highlight
+groups.
+
+
+USING RESOURCE FILES
+
+Instead of specifying 'guifontset', you can set X11 resources and Vim will
+pick them up. This is only for people who know how X resource files work.
+
+For Motif insert these three lines in your $HOME/.Xdefaults file:
+
+ Vim.font: |base_font_name_list|
+ Vim*fontSet: |base_font_name_list|
+ Vim*fontList: your_language_font
+
+Note: Vim.font is for text area.
+ Vim*fontSet is for menu.
+ Vim*fontList is for menu (for Motif GUI)
+
+For example, when you are using Japanese and a 14 dots font, >
+
+ Vim.font: -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--14-*
+ Vim*fontSet: -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--14-*
+ Vim*fontList: -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--14-*
+<
+or: >
+
+ Vim*font: k14,r14
+ Vim*fontSet: k14,r14
+ Vim*fontList: k14,r14
+<
+To have them take effect immediately you will have to do >
+
+ xrdb -merge ~/.Xdefaults
+
+Otherwise you will have to stop and restart the X server before the changes
+take effect.
+
+
+The GTK+ version of GUI Vim does not use .Xdefaults, use ~/.gtkrc instead.
+The default mostly works OK. But for the menus you might have to change
+it. Example: >
+
+ style "default"
+ {
+ fontset="-*-*-medium-r-normal--14-*-*-*-c-*-*-*"
+ }
+ widget_class "*" style "default"
+
+==============================================================================
+6. Fonts on MS-Windows *mbyte-fonts-MSwin*
+
+The simplest is to use the font dialog to select fonts and try them out. You
+can find this at the "Edit/Select Font..." menu. Once you find a font name
+that works well you can use this command to see its name: >
+
+ :set guifont
+
+Then add a command to your |gvimrc| file to set 'guifont': >
+
+ :set guifont=courier_new:h12
+
+==============================================================================
+7. Input on X11 *mbyte-XIM*
+
+X INPUT METHOD (XIM) BACKGROUND *XIM* *xim* *x-input-method*
+
+XIM is an international input module for X. There are two kinds of structures,
+Xlib unit type and |IM-server| (Input-Method server) type. |IM-server| type
+is suitable for complex input, such as CJK.
+
+- IM-server
+ *IM-server*
+ In |IM-server| type input structures, the input event is handled by either
+ of the two ways: FrontEnd system and BackEnd system. In the FrontEnd
+ system, input events are snatched by the |IM-server| first, then |IM-server|
+ give the application the result of input. On the other hand, the BackEnd
+ system works reverse order. MS-Windows adopt BackEnd system. In X, most of
+ |IM-server|s adopt FrontEnd system. The demerit of BackEnd system is the
+ large overhead in communication, but it provides safe synchronization with
+ no restrictions on applications.
+
+ For example, there are xwnmo and kinput2 Japanese |IM-server|, both are
+ FrontEnd system. Xwnmo is distributed with Wnn (see below), kinput2 can be
+ found at: ftp://ftp.sra.co.jp/pub/x11/kinput2/
+
+ For Chinese, there's a great XIM server named "xcin", you can input both
+ Traditional and Simplified Chinese characters. And it can accept other
+ locale if you make a correct input table. Xcin can be found at:
+ http://cle.linux.org.tw/xcin/
+ Others are scim: http://scim.freedesktop.org/ and fcitx:
+ http://www.fcitx.org/
+
+- Conversion Server
+ *conversion-server*
+ Some system needs additional server: conversion server. Most of Japanese
+ |IM-server|s need it, Kana-Kanji conversion server. For Chinese inputting,
+ it depends on the method of inputting, in some methods, PinYin or ZhuYin to
+ HanZi conversion server is needed. For Korean inputting, if you want to
+ input Hanja, Hangul-Hanja conversion server is needed.
+
+ For example, the Japanese inputting process is divided into 2 steps. First
+ we pre-input Hira-gana, second Kana-Kanji conversion. There are so many
+ Kanji characters (6349 Kanji characters are defined in JIS X 0208) and the
+ number of Hira-gana characters are 76. So, first, we pre-input text as
+ pronounced in Hira-gana, second, we convert Hira-gana to Kanji or Kata-Kana,
+ if needed. There are some Kana-Kanji conversion server: jserver
+ (distributed with Wnn, see below) and canna. Canna can be found at:
+ http://canna.sourceforge.jp/
+
+There is a good input system: Wnn4.2. Wnn 4.2 contains,
+ xwnmo (|IM-server|)
+ jserver (Japanese Kana-Kanji conversion server)
+ cserver (Chinese PinYin or ZhuYin to simplified HanZi conversion server)
+ tserver (Chinese PinYin or ZhuYin to traditional HanZi conversion server)
+ kserver (Hangul-Hanja conversion server)
+Wnn 4.2 for several systems can be found at various places on the internet.
+Use the RPM or port for your system.
+
+
+- Input Style
+ *xim-input-style*
+ When inputting CJK, there are four areas:
+ 1. The area to display of the input while it is being composed
+ 2. The area to display the currently active input mode.
+ 3. The area to display the next candidate for the selection.
+ 4. The area to display other tools.
+
+ The third area is needed when converting. For example, in Japanese
+ inputting, multiple Kanji characters could have the same pronunciation, so
+ a sequence of Hira-gana characters could map to a distinct sequence of Kanji
+ characters.
+
+ The first and second areas are defined in international input of X with the
+ names of "Preedit Area", "Status Area" respectively. The third and fourth
+ areas are not defined and are left to be managed by the |IM-server|. In the
+ international input, four input styles have been defined using combinations
+ of Preedit Area and Status Area: |OnTheSpot|, |OffTheSpot|, |OverTheSpot|
+ and |Root|.
+
+ Currently, GUI Vim supports three styles, |OverTheSpot|, |OffTheSpot| and
+ |Root|.
+ When compiled with |+GUI_GTK| feature, GUI Vim supports two styles,
+ |OnTheSpot| and |OverTheSpot|. You can select the style with the 'imstyle'
+ option.
+
+*. on-the-spot *OnTheSpot*
+ Preedit Area and Status Area are performed by the client application in
+ the area of application. The client application is directed by the
+ |IM-server| to display all pre-edit data at the location of text
+ insertion. The client registers callbacks invoked by the input method
+ during pre-editing.
+*. over-the-spot *OverTheSpot*
+ Status Area is created in a fixed position within the area of application,
+ in case of Vim, the position is the additional status line. Preedit Area
+ is made at present input position of application. The input method
+ displays pre-edit data in a window which it brings up directly over the
+ text insertion position.
+*. off-the-spot *OffTheSpot*
+ Preedit Area and Status Area are performed in the area of application, in
+ case of Vim, the area is additional status line. The client application
+ provides display windows for the pre-edit data to the input method which
+ displays into them directly.
+*. root-window *Root*
+ Preedit Area and Status Area are outside of the application. The input
+ method displays all pre-edit data in a separate area of the screen in a
+ window specific to the input method.
+
+
+USING XIM *multibyte-input* *E284* *E285* *E286* *E287*
+ *E288* *E289*
+
+Note that Display and Input are independent. It is possible to see your
+language even though you have no input method for it. But when your Display
+method doesn't match your Input method, the text will be displayed wrong.
+
+ Note: You can not use IM unless you specify 'guifontset'.
+ Therefore, Latin users, you have to also use 'guifontset'
+ if you use IM.
+
+To input your language you should run the |IM-server| which supports your
+language and |conversion-server| if needed.
+
+The next 3 lines should be put in your ~/.Xdefaults file. They are common for
+all X applications which uses |XIM|. If you already use |XIM|, you can skip
+this. >
+
+ *international: True
+ *.inputMethod: your_input_server_name
+ *.preeditType: your_input_style
+<
+input_server_name is your |IM-server| name (check your |IM-server|
+ manual).
+your_input_style is one of |OverTheSpot|, |OffTheSpot|, |Root|. See
+ also |xim-input-style|.
+
+*international may not be necessary if you use X11R6.
+*.inputMethod and *.preeditType are optional if you use X11R6.
+
+For example, when you are using kinput2 as |IM-server|, >
+
+ *international: True
+ *.inputMethod: kinput2
+ *.preeditType: OverTheSpot
+<
+When using |OverTheSpot|, GUI Vim always connects to the IM Server even in
+Normal mode, so you can input your language with commands like "f" and "r".
+But when using one of the other two methods, GUI Vim connects to the IM Server
+only if it is not in Normal mode.
+
+If your IM Server does not support |OverTheSpot|, and if you want to use your
+language with some Normal mode command like "f" or "r", then you should use a
+localized xterm or an xterm which supports |XIM|
+
+If needed, you can set the XMODIFIERS environment variable:
+
+ sh: export XMODIFIERS="@im=input_server_name"
+ csh: setenv XMODIFIERS "@im=input_server_name"
+
+For example, when you are using kinput2 as |IM-server| and sh, >
+
+ export XMODIFIERS="@im=kinput2"
+<
+
+FULLY CONTROLLED XIM
+
+You can fully control XIM, like with IME of MS-Windows (see |multibyte-ime|).
+This is currently only available for the GTK GUI.
+
+Before using fully controlled XIM, one setting is required. Set the
+'imactivatekey' option to the key that is used for the activation of the input
+method. For example, when you are using kinput2 + canna as IM Server, the
+activation key is probably Shift+Space: >
+
+ :set imactivatekey=S-space
+
+See 'imactivatekey' for the format.
+
+==============================================================================
+8. Input on MS-Windows *mbyte-IME*
+
+(Windows IME support) *multibyte-ime* *IME*
+
+{only works Windows GUI and compiled with the |+multi_byte_ime| feature}
+
+To input multibyte characters on Windows, you can use an Input Method Editor
+(IME). In process of your editing text, you must switch status (on/off) of
+IME many many many times. Because IME with status on is hooking all of your
+key inputs, you cannot input 'j', 'k', or almost all of keys to Vim directly.
+
+The |+multi_byte_ime| feature helps for this. It reduces the number of times
+the IME status has to be switched manually. In Normal mode, there is almost
+no need to use IME, even when editing multibyte text. So when exiting Insert
+mode, Vim memorizes the last status of IME and turns off IME. When
+re-entering Insert mode, Vim sets the IME status to that memorized status
+automatically.
+
+This works on not only insert-normal mode, but also search-command input and
+replace mode.
+The options 'iminsert', 'imsearch' and 'imcmdline' can be used to choose
+the different input methods or disable them temporarily.
+
+On Windows 9x and Windows NT 4.0 there was *global-ime* , but this is no
+longer supported. You can still find documentation for Active Input Method
+Manager (Global IME) here:
+ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa741221(v=VS.85).aspx
+
+NOTE: For IME to work you must make sure the input locales of your language
+are added to your system. The exact location of this depends on the version
+of Windows you use. For example, on my Windows 2000 box:
+1. Control Panel
+2. Regional Options
+3. Input Locales Tab
+4. Add Installed input locales -> Chinese(PRC)
+ The default is still English (United Stated)
+
+
+Cursor color when IME or XIM is on *CursorIM*
+ There is a little cute feature for IME. Cursor can indicate status of IME
+ by changing its color. Usually status of IME was indicated by little icon
+ at a corner of desktop (or taskbar). It is not easy to verify status of
+ IME. But this feature help this.
+ This works in the same way when using XIM.
+
+ You can select cursor color when status is on by using highlight group
+ CursorIM. For example, add these lines to your |gvimrc|: >
+
+ if has('multi_byte_ime')
+ highlight Cursor guifg=NONE guibg=Green
+ highlight CursorIM guifg=NONE guibg=Purple
+ endif
+<
+ Cursor color with off IME is green. And purple cursor indicates that
+ status is on.
+
+==============================================================================
+9. Input with a keymap *mbyte-keymap*
+
+When the keyboard doesn't produce the characters you want to enter in your
+text, you can use the 'keymap' option. This will translate one or more
+(English) characters to another (non-English) character. This only happens
+when typing text, not when typing Vim commands. This avoids having to switch
+between two keyboard settings.
+{only available when compiled with the |+keymap| feature}
+
+The value of the 'keymap' option specifies a keymap file to use. The name of
+this file is one of these two:
+
+ keymap/{keymap}_{encoding}.vim
+ keymap/{keymap}.vim
+
+Here {keymap} is the value of the 'keymap' option and {encoding} of the
+'encoding' option. The file name with the {encoding} included is tried first.
+
+'runtimepath' is used to find these files. To see an overview of all
+available keymap files, use this: >
+ :echo globpath(&rtp, "keymap/*.vim")
+
+In Insert and Command-line mode you can use CTRL-^ to toggle between using the
+keyboard map or not. |i_CTRL-^| |c_CTRL-^|
+This flag is remembered for Insert mode with the 'iminsert' option. When
+leaving and entering Insert mode the previous value is used. The same value
+is also used for commands that take a single character argument, like |f| and
+|r|.
+For Command-line mode the flag is NOT remembered. You are expected to type an
+Ex command first, which is ASCII.
+For typing search patterns the 'imsearch' option is used. It can be set to
+use the same value as for 'iminsert'.
+ *lCursor*
+It is possible to give the GUI cursor another color when the language mappings
+are being used. This is disabled by default, to avoid that the cursor becomes
+invisible when you use a non-standard background color. Here is an example to
+use a brightly colored cursor: >
+ :highlight Cursor guifg=NONE guibg=Green
+ :highlight lCursor guifg=NONE guibg=Cyan
+<
+ *keymap-file-format* *:loadk* *:loadkeymap* *E105* *E791*
+The keymap file looks something like this: >
+
+ " Maintainer: name <email@address>
+ " Last Changed: 2001 Jan 1
+
+ let b:keymap_name = "short"
+
+ loadkeymap
+ a A
+ b B comment
+
+The lines starting with a " are comments and will be ignored. Blank lines are
+also ignored. The lines with the mappings may have a comment after the useful
+text.
+
+The "b:keymap_name" can be set to a short name, which will be shown in the
+status line. The idea is that this takes less room than the value of
+'keymap', which might be long to distinguish between different languages,
+keyboards and encodings.
+
+The actual mappings are in the lines below "loadkeymap". In the example "a"
+is mapped to "A" and "b" to "B". Thus the first item is mapped to the second
+item. This is done for each line, until the end of the file.
+These items are exactly the same as what can be used in a |:lnoremap| command,
+using "<buffer>" to make the mappings local to the buffer.
+You can check the result with this command: >
+ :lmap
+The two items must be separated by white space. You cannot include white
+space inside an item, use the special names "<Tab>" and "<Space>" instead.
+The length of the two items together must not exceed 200 bytes.
+
+It's possible to have more than one character in the first column. This works
+like a dead key. Example: >
+ 'a á
+Since Vim doesn't know if the next character after a quote is really an "a",
+it will wait for the next character. To be able to insert a single quote,
+also add this line: >
+ '' '
+Since the mapping is defined with |:lnoremap| the resulting quote will not be
+used for the start of another character.
+The "accents" keymap uses this. *keymap-accents*
+
+The first column can also be in |<>| form:
+ <C-c> Ctrl-C
+ <A-c> Alt-c
+ <A-C> Alt-C
+Note that the Alt mappings may not work, depending on your keyboard and
+terminal.
+
+Although it's possible to have more than one character in the second column,
+this is unusual. But you can use various ways to specify the character: >
+ A a literal character
+ A <char-97> decimal value
+ A <char-0x61> hexadecimal value
+ A <char-0141> octal value
+ x <Space> special key name
+
+The characters are assumed to be encoded for the current value of 'encoding'.
+It's possible to use ":scriptencoding" when all characters are given
+literally. That doesn't work when using the <char-> construct, because the
+conversion is done on the keymap file, not on the resulting character.
+
+The lines after "loadkeymap" are interpreted with 'cpoptions' set to "C".
+This means that continuation lines are not used and a backslash has a special
+meaning in the mappings. Examples: >
+
+ " a comment line
+ \" x maps " to x
+ \\ y maps \ to y
+
+If you write a keymap file that will be useful for others, consider submitting
+it to the Vim maintainer for inclusion in the distribution:
+<maintainer@vim.org>
+
+
+HEBREW KEYMAP *keymap-hebrew*
+
+This file explains what characters are available in UTF-8 and CP1255 encodings,
+and what the keymaps are to get those characters:
+
+glyph encoding keymap ~
+Char UTF-8 cp1255 hebrew hebrewp name ~
+א 0x5d0 0xe0 t a 'alef
+ב 0x5d1 0xe1 c b bet
+ג 0x5d2 0xe2 d g gimel
+ד 0x5d3 0xe3 s d dalet
+ה 0x5d4 0xe4 v h he
+ו 0x5d5 0xe5 u v vav
+ז 0x5d6 0xe6 z z zayin
+ח 0x5d7 0xe7 j j het
+ט 0x5d8 0xe8 y T tet
+י 0x5d9 0xe9 h y yod
+ך 0x5da 0xea l K kaf sofit
+כ 0x5db 0xeb f k kaf
+ל 0x5dc 0xec k l lamed
+ם 0x5dd 0xed o M mem sofit
+מ 0x5de 0xee n m mem
+ן 0x5df 0xef i N nun sofit
+נ 0x5e0 0xf0 b n nun
+ס 0x5e1 0xf1 x s samech
+ע 0x5e2 0xf2 g u `ayin
+ף 0x5e3 0xf3 ; P pe sofit
+פ 0x5e4 0xf4 p p pe
+ץ 0x5e5 0xf5 . X tsadi sofit
+צ 0x5e6 0xf6 m x tsadi
+ק 0x5e7 0xf7 e q qof
+ר 0x5e8 0xf8 r r resh
+ש 0x5e9 0xf9 a w shin
+ת 0x5ea 0xfa , t tav
+
+Vowel marks and special punctuation:
+הְ 0x5b0 0xc0 A: A: sheva
+הֱ 0x5b1 0xc1 HE HE hataf segol
+הֲ 0x5b2 0xc2 HA HA hataf patah
+הֳ 0x5b3 0xc3 HO HO hataf qamats
+הִ 0x5b4 0xc4 I I hiriq
+הֵ 0x5b5 0xc5 AY AY tsere
+הֶ 0x5b6 0xc6 E E segol
+הַ 0x5b7 0xc7 AA AA patah
+הָ 0x5b8 0xc8 AO AO qamats
+הֹ 0x5b9 0xc9 O O holam
+הֻ 0x5bb 0xcb U U qubuts
+כּ 0x5bc 0xcc D D dagesh
+הֽ 0x5bd 0xcd ]T ]T meteg
+ה־ 0x5be 0xce ]Q ]Q maqaf
+בֿ 0x5bf 0xcf ]R ]R rafe
+ב׀ 0x5c0 0xd0 ]p ]p paseq
+שׁ 0x5c1 0xd1 SR SR shin-dot
+שׂ 0x5c2 0xd2 SL SL sin-dot
+׃ 0x5c3 0xd3 ]P ]P sof-pasuq
+װ 0x5f0 0xd4 VV VV double-vav
+ױ 0x5f1 0xd5 VY VY vav-yod
+ײ 0x5f2 0xd6 YY YY yod-yod
+
+The following are only available in UTF-8
+
+Cantillation marks:
+glyph
+Char UTF-8 hebrew name
+ב֑ 0x591 C: etnahta
+ב֒ 0x592 Cs segol
+ב֓ 0x593 CS shalshelet
+ב֔ 0x594 Cz zaqef qatan
+ב֕ 0x595 CZ zaqef gadol
+ב֖ 0x596 Ct tipeha
+ב֗ 0x597 Cr revia
+ב֘ 0x598 Cq zarqa
+ב֙ 0x599 Cp pashta
+ב֚ 0x59a C! yetiv
+ב֛ 0x59b Cv tevir
+ב֜ 0x59c Cg geresh
+ב֝ 0x59d C* geresh qadim
+ב֞ 0x59e CG gershayim
+ב֟ 0x59f CP qarnei-parah
+ב֪ 0x5aa Cy yerach-ben-yomo
+ב֫ 0x5ab Co ole
+ב֬ 0x5ac Ci iluy
+ב֭ 0x5ad Cd dehi
+ב֮ 0x5ae Cn zinor
+ב֯ 0x5af CC masora circle
+
+Combining forms:
+ﬠ 0xfb20 X` Alternative `ayin
+ﬡ 0xfb21 X' Alternative 'alef
+ﬢ 0xfb22 X-d Alternative dalet
+ﬣ 0xfb23 X-h Alternative he
+ﬤ 0xfb24 X-k Alternative kaf
+ﬥ 0xfb25 X-l Alternative lamed
+ﬦ 0xfb26 X-m Alternative mem-sofit
+ﬧ 0xfb27 X-r Alternative resh
+ﬨ 0xfb28 X-t Alternative tav
+﬩ 0xfb29 X-+ Alternative plus
+שׁ 0xfb2a XW shin+shin-dot
+שׂ 0xfb2b Xw shin+sin-dot
+שּׁ 0xfb2c X..W shin+shin-dot+dagesh
+שּׂ 0xfb2d X..w shin+sin-dot+dagesh
+אַ 0xfb2e XA alef+patah
+אָ 0xfb2f XO alef+qamats
+אּ 0xfb30 XI alef+hiriq (mapiq)
+בּ 0xfb31 X.b bet+dagesh
+גּ 0xfb32 X.g gimel+dagesh
+דּ 0xfb33 X.d dalet+dagesh
+הּ 0xfb34 X.h he+dagesh
+וּ 0xfb35 Xu vav+dagesh
+זּ 0xfb36 X.z zayin+dagesh
+טּ 0xfb38 X.T tet+dagesh
+יּ 0xfb39 X.y yud+dagesh
+ךּ 0xfb3a X.K kaf sofit+dagesh
+כּ 0xfb3b X.k kaf+dagesh
+לּ 0xfb3c X.l lamed+dagesh
+מּ 0xfb3e X.m mem+dagesh
+נּ 0xfb40 X.n nun+dagesh
+סּ 0xfb41 X.s samech+dagesh
+ףּ 0xfb43 X.P pe sofit+dagesh
+פּ 0xfb44 X.p pe+dagesh
+צּ 0xfb46 X.x tsadi+dagesh
+קּ 0xfb47 X.q qof+dagesh
+רּ 0xfb48 X.r resh+dagesh
+שּ 0xfb49 X.w shin+dagesh
+תּ 0xfb4a X.t tav+dagesh
+וֹ 0xfb4b Xo vav+holam
+בֿ 0xfb4c XRb bet+rafe
+כֿ 0xfb4d XRk kaf+rafe
+פֿ 0xfb4e XRp pe+rafe
+ﭏ 0xfb4f Xal alef-lamed
+
+==============================================================================
+10. Input with imactivatefunc() *mbyte-func*
+
+Vim has the 'imactivatefunc' and 'imstatusfunc' options. These are useful to
+activate/deactivate the input method from Vim in any way, also with an external
+command. For example, fcitx provide fcitx-remote command: >
+
+ set iminsert=2
+ set imsearch=2
+ set imcmdline
+
+ set imactivatefunc=ImActivate
+ function! ImActivate(active)
+ if a:active
+ call system('fcitx-remote -o')
+ else
+ call system('fcitx-remote -c')
+ endif
+ endfunction
+
+ set imstatusfunc=ImStatus
+ function! ImStatus()
+ return system('fcitx-remote')[0] is# '2'
+ endfunction
+
+Using this script, you can activate/deactivate XIM via Vim even when it is not
+compiled with |+xim|.
+
+==============================================================================
+11. Using UTF-8 *mbyte-utf8* *UTF-8* *utf-8* *utf8*
+ *Unicode* *unicode*
+The Unicode character set was designed to include all characters from other
+character sets. Therefore it is possible to write text in any language using
+Unicode (with a few rarely used languages excluded). And it's mostly possible
+to mix these languages in one file, which is impossible with other encodings.
+
+Unicode can be encoded in several ways. The most popular one is UTF-8, which
+uses one or more bytes for each character and is backwards compatible with
+ASCII. On MS-Windows UTF-16 is also used (previously UCS-2), which uses
+16-bit words. Vim can support all of these encodings, but always uses UTF-8
+internally.
+
+Vim has comprehensive UTF-8 support. It works well in:
+- xterm with UTF-8 support enabled
+- Motif and GTK GUI
+- MS-Windows GUI
+- several other platforms
+
+Double-width characters are supported. This works best with 'guifontwide' or
+'guifontset'. When using only 'guifont' the wide characters are drawn in the
+normal width and a space to fill the gap. Note that the 'guifontset' option
+is no longer relevant in the GTK+ 2 GUI.
+
+ *bom-bytes*
+When reading a file a BOM (Byte Order Mark) can be used to recognize the
+Unicode encoding:
+ EF BB BF UTF-8
+ FE FF UTF-16 big endian
+ FF FE UTF-16 little endian
+ 00 00 FE FF UTF-32 big endian
+ FF FE 00 00 UTF-32 little endian
+
+UTF-8 is the recommended encoding. Note that it's difficult to tell utf-16
+and utf-32 apart. Utf-16 is often used on MS-Windows, utf-32 is not
+widespread as file format.
+
+
+ *mbyte-combining* *mbyte-composing*
+A composing or combining character is used to change the meaning of the
+character before it. The combining characters are drawn on top of the
+preceding character.
+Up to two combining characters can be used by default. This can be changed
+with the 'maxcombine' option.
+When editing text a composing character is mostly considered part of the
+preceding character. For example "x" will delete a character and its
+following composing characters by default.
+If the 'delcombine' option is on, then pressing 'x' will delete the combining
+characters, one at a time, then the base character. But when inserting, you
+type the first character and the following composing characters separately,
+after which they will be joined. The "r" command will not allow you to type a
+combining character, because it doesn't know one is coming. Use "R" instead.
+
+Bytes which are not part of a valid UTF-8 byte sequence are handled like a
+single character and displayed as <xx>, where "xx" is the hex value of the
+byte.
+
+Overlong sequences are not handled specially and displayed like a valid
+character. However, search patterns may not match on an overlong sequence.
+(an overlong sequence is where more bytes are used than required for the
+character.) An exception is NUL (zero) which is displayed as "<00>".
+
+In the file and buffer the full range of Unicode characters can be used (31
+bits). However, displaying only works for the characters present in the
+selected font.
+
+Useful commands:
+- "ga" shows the decimal, hexadecimal and octal value of the character under
+ the cursor. If there are composing characters these are shown too. (If the
+ message is truncated, use ":messages").
+- "g8" shows the bytes used in a UTF-8 character, also the composing
+ characters, as hex numbers.
+- ":set encoding=utf-8 fileencodings=" forces using UTF-8 for all files. The
+ default is to use the current locale for 'encoding' and set 'fileencodings'
+ to automatically detect the encoding of a file.
+
+
+STARTING VIM
+
+If your current locale is in an UTF-8 encoding, Vim will automatically start
+in UTF-8 mode.
+
+If you are using another locale: >
+
+ set encoding=utf-8
+
+You might also want to select the font used for the menus. Unfortunately this
+doesn't always work. See the system specific remarks below, and 'langmenu'.
+
+
+USING UTF-8 IN X-Windows *utf-8-in-xwindows*
+
+Note: This section does not apply to the GTK+ 2 GUI.
+
+You need to specify a font to be used. For double-wide characters another
+font is required, which is exactly twice as wide. There are three ways to do
+this:
+
+1. Set 'guifont' and let Vim find a matching 'guifontwide'
+2. Set 'guifont' and 'guifontwide'
+3. Set 'guifontset'
+
+See the documentation for each option for details. Example: >
+
+ :set guifont=-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--15-140-75-75-c-90-iso10646-1
+
+You might also want to set the font used for the menus. This only works for
+Motif. Use the ":hi Menu font={fontname}" command for this. |:highlight|
+
+
+TYPING UTF-8 *utf-8-typing*
+
+If you are using X-Windows, you should find an input method that supports
+UTF-8.
+
+If your system does not provide support for typing UTF-8, you can use the
+'keymap' feature. This allows writing a keymap file, which defines a UTF-8
+character as a sequence of ASCII characters. See |mbyte-keymap|.
+
+Another method is to set the current locale to the language you want to use
+and for which you have a XIM available. Then set 'termencoding' to that
+language and Vim will convert the typed characters to 'encoding' for you.
+
+If everything else fails, you can type any character as four hex bytes: >
+
+ CTRL-V u 1234
+
+"1234" is interpreted as a hex number. You must type four characters, prepend
+a zero if necessary.
+
+
+COMMAND ARGUMENTS *utf-8-char-arg*
+
+Commands like |f|, |F|, |t| and |r| take an argument of one character. For
+UTF-8 this argument may include one or two composing characters. These need
+to be produced together with the base character, Vim doesn't wait for the next
+character to be typed to find out if it is a composing character or not.
+Using 'keymap' or |:lmap| is a nice way to type these characters.
+
+The commands that search for a character in a line handle composing characters
+as follows. When searching for a character without a composing character,
+this will find matches in the text with or without composing characters. When
+searching for a character with a composing character, this will only find
+matches with that composing character. It was implemented this way, because
+not everybody is able to type a composing character.
+
+
+==============================================================================
+12. Overview of options *mbyte-options*
+
+These options are relevant for editing multibyte files. Check the help in
+options.txt for detailed information.
+
+'encoding' Encoding used for the keyboard and display. It is also the
+ default encoding for files.
+
+'fileencoding' Encoding of a file. When it's different from 'encoding'
+ conversion is done when reading or writing the file.
+
+'fileencodings' List of possible encodings of a file. When opening a file
+ these will be tried and the first one that doesn't cause an
+ error is used for 'fileencoding'.
+
+'charconvert' Expression used to convert files from one encoding to another.
+
+'formatoptions' The 'm' flag can be included to have formatting break a line
+ at a multibyte character of 256 or higher. Thus is useful for
+ languages where a sequence of characters can be broken
+ anywhere.
+
+'guifontset' The list of font names used for a multibyte encoding. When
+ this option is not empty, it replaces 'guifont'.
+
+'keymap' Specify the name of a keyboard mapping.
+
+==============================================================================
+
+Contributions specifically for the multibyte features by:
+ Chi-Deok Hwang <hwang@mizi.co.kr>
+ SungHyun Nam <goweol@gmail.com>
+ K.Nagano <nagano@atese.advantest.co.jp>
+ Taro Muraoka <koron@tka.att.ne.jp>
+ Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn@mail.goo.ne.jp>
+
+ vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: