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authorDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2023-06-24 12:44:40 +0000
committerDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2023-06-24 12:44:49 +0000
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parentReleasing debian version 5.2.3+dfsg-8. (diff)
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Merging upstream version 5.3.0+dfsg.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
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----
-layout: docs
-title: Breakpoints
-description: Breakpoints are customizable widths that determine how your responsive layout behaves across device or viewport sizes in Bootstrap.
-group: layout
-aliases: "/docs/5.2/layout/"
-toc: true
----
-
-## Core concepts
-
-- **Breakpoints are the building blocks of responsive design.** Use them to control when your layout can be adapted at a particular viewport or device size.
-
-- **Use media queries to architect your CSS by breakpoint.** Media queries are a feature of CSS that allow you to conditionally apply styles based on a set of browser and operating system parameters. We most commonly use `min-width` in our media queries.
-
-- **Mobile first, responsive design is the goal.** Bootstrap's CSS aims to apply the bare minimum of styles to make a layout work at the smallest breakpoint, and then layers on styles to adjust that design for larger devices. This optimizes your CSS, improves rendering time, and provides a great experience for your visitors.
-
-## Available breakpoints
-
-Bootstrap includes six default breakpoints, sometimes referred to as _grid tiers_, for building responsively. These breakpoints can be customized if you're using our source Sass files.
-
-{{< bs-table "table" >}}
-| Breakpoint | Class infix | Dimensions |
-| --- | --- | --- |
-| Extra small | <em>None</em> |&lt;576px |
-| Small | `sm` | &ge;576px |
-| Medium | `md` | &ge;768px |
-| Large | `lg` | &ge;992px |
-| Extra large | `xl` | &ge;1200px |
-| Extra extra large | `xxl` | &ge;1400px |
-{{< /bs-table >}}
-
-
-Each breakpoint was chosen to comfortably hold containers whose widths are multiples of 12. Breakpoints are also representative of a subset of common device sizes and viewport dimensions—they don't specifically target every use case or device. Instead, the ranges provide a strong and consistent foundation to build on for nearly any device.
-
-These breakpoints are customizable via Sass—you'll find them in a Sass map in our `_variables.scss` stylesheet.
-
-{{< scss-docs name="grid-breakpoints" file="scss/_variables.scss" >}}
-
-For more information and examples on how to modify our Sass maps and variables, please refer to [the Sass section of the Grid documentation]({{< docsref "/layout/grid#sass" >}}).
-
-## Media queries
-
-Since Bootstrap is developed to be mobile first, we use a handful of [media queries](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Media_Queries/Using_media_queries) to create sensible breakpoints for our layouts and interfaces. These breakpoints are mostly based on minimum viewport widths and allow us to scale up elements as the viewport changes.
-
-### Min-width
-
-Bootstrap primarily uses the following media query ranges—or breakpoints—in our source Sass files for our layout, grid system, and components.
-
-```scss
-// Source mixins
-
-// No media query necessary for xs breakpoint as it's effectively `@media (min-width: 0) { ... }`
-@include media-breakpoint-up(sm) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-up(md) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-up(lg) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-up(xl) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-up(xxl) { ... }
-
-// Usage
-
-// Example: Hide starting at `min-width: 0`, and then show at the `sm` breakpoint
-.custom-class {
- display: none;
-}
-@include media-breakpoint-up(sm) {
- .custom-class {
- display: block;
- }
-}
-```
-
-These Sass mixins translate in our compiled CSS using the values declared in our Sass variables. For example:
-
-```scss
-// X-Small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)
-// No media query for `xs` since this is the default in Bootstrap
-
-// Small devices (landscape phones, 576px and up)
-@media (min-width: 576px) { ... }
-
-// Medium devices (tablets, 768px and up)
-@media (min-width: 768px) { ... }
-
-// Large devices (desktops, 992px and up)
-@media (min-width: 992px) { ... }
-
-// X-Large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up)
-@media (min-width: 1200px) { ... }
-
-// XX-Large devices (larger desktops, 1400px and up)
-@media (min-width: 1400px) { ... }
-```
-
-### Max-width
-
-We occasionally use media queries that go in the other direction (the given screen size *or smaller*):
-
-```scss
-// No media query necessary for xs breakpoint as it's effectively `@media (max-width: 0) { ... }`
-@include media-breakpoint-down(sm) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-down(md) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-down(lg) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-down(xl) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-down(xxl) { ... }
-
-// Example: Style from medium breakpoint and down
-@include media-breakpoint-down(md) {
- .custom-class {
- display: block;
- }
-}
-```
-
-These mixins take those declared breakpoints, subtract `.02px` from them, and use them as our `max-width` values. For example:
-
-```scss
-// `xs` returns only a ruleset and no media query
-// ... { ... }
-
-// `sm` applies to x-small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)
-@media (max-width: 575.98px) { ... }
-
-// `md` applies to small devices (landscape phones, less than 768px)
-@media (max-width: 767.98px) { ... }
-
-// `lg` applies to medium devices (tablets, less than 992px)
-@media (max-width: 991.98px) { ... }
-
-// `xl` applies to large devices (desktops, less than 1200px)
-@media (max-width: 1199.98px) { ... }
-
-// `xxl` applies to x-large devices (large desktops, less than 1400px)
-@media (max-width: 1399.98px) { ... }
-```
-
-{{< callout warning >}}
-{{< partial "callout-info-mediaqueries-breakpoints.md" >}}
-{{< /callout >}}
-
-### Single breakpoint
-
-There are also media queries and mixins for targeting a single segment of screen sizes using the minimum and maximum breakpoint widths.
-
-```scss
-@include media-breakpoint-only(xs) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-only(sm) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-only(md) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-only(lg) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-only(xl) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-only(xxl) { ... }
-```
-
-For example the `@include media-breakpoint-only(md) { ... }` will result in :
-
-```scss
-@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991.98px) { ... }
-```
-
-### Between breakpoints
-
-Similarly, media queries may span multiple breakpoint widths:
-
-```scss
-@include media-breakpoint-between(md, xl) { ... }
-```
-
-Which results in:
-
-```scss
-// Example
-// Apply styles starting from medium devices and up to extra large devices
-@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1199.98px) { ... }
-```