Merging upstream version 2.2.0.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

15 files changed, 531 insertions, 454 deletions

diff --git a/tests/compat.py b/tests/compat.py
index 383963a..dfc57f3 100644
--- a/tests/compat.py
+++ b/tests/compat.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class _TempDirectory(object):
     name = None
     _closed = False
 
-    def __init__(self, suffix="", prefix='tmp', dir=None):
+    def __init__(self, suffix="", prefix="tmp", dir=None):
         self.name = _tempfile.mkdtemp(suffix, prefix, dir)
 
     def __repr__(self):
@@ -42,13 +42,14 @@ class _TempDirectory(object):
             try:
                 _shutil.rmtree(self.name)
             except (TypeError, AttributeError) as ex:
-                if "None" not in '%s' % (ex,):
+                if "None" not in "%s" % (ex,):
                     raise
                 self._rmtree(self.name)
             self._closed = True
             if _warn and _warnings.warn:
-                _warnings.warn("Implicitly cleaning up {!r}".format(self),
-                               ResourceWarning)
+                _warnings.warn(
+                    "Implicitly cleaning up {!r}".format(self), ResourceWarning
+                )
 
     def __exit__(self, exc, value, tb):
         self.cleanup()
@@ -57,8 +58,15 @@ class _TempDirectory(object):
         # Issue a ResourceWarning if implicit cleanup needed
         self.cleanup(_warn=True)
 
-    def _rmtree(self, path, _OSError=OSError, _sep=_os.path.sep,
-                _listdir=_os.listdir, _remove=_os.remove, _rmdir=_os.rmdir):
+    def _rmtree(
+        self,
+        path,
+        _OSError=OSError,
+        _sep=_os.path.sep,
+        _listdir=_os.listdir,
+        _remove=_os.remove,
+        _rmdir=_os.rmdir,
+    ):
         # Essentially a stripped down version of shutil.rmtree.  We can't
         # use globals because they may be None'ed out at shutdown.
         if not isinstance(path, str):
diff --git a/tests/config_data/configrc b/tests/config_data/configrc
index 2544726..8050b58 100644
--- a/tests/config_data/configrc
+++ b/tests/config_data/configrc
@@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ test_boolean_default = True
 
 test_string_file = '~/myfile'
 
-test_option = 'foobar'
+test_option = 'foobar✔'
 
 [section2]
diff --git a/tests/config_data/configspecrc b/tests/config_data/configspecrc
index 35b7777..afa1c6d 100644
--- a/tests/config_data/configspecrc
+++ b/tests/config_data/configspecrc
@@ -15,6 +15,6 @@ test_boolean = boolean()
 
 test_string_file = string(default='~/myfile')
 
-test_option = option('foo', 'bar', 'foobar', default='foobar')
+test_option = option('foo', 'bar', 'foobar', 'foobar✔', default='foobar✔')
 
 [section2]
diff --git a/tests/config_data/invalid_configrc b/tests/config_data/invalid_configrc
index 271c9c5..8e66190 100644
--- a/tests/config_data/invalid_configrc
+++ b/tests/config_data/invalid_configrc
@@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ test_boolean_default True
 
 test_string_file = '~/myfile'
 
-test_option = 'foobar'
+test_option = 'foobar✔'
 
 [section2]
diff --git a/tests/config_data/invalid_configspecrc b/tests/config_data/invalid_configspecrc
index 551473f..d405e52 100644
--- a/tests/config_data/invalid_configspecrc
+++ b/tests/config_data/invalid_configspecrc
@@ -15,6 +15,6 @@ test_boolean = bool(default=False)
 
 test_string_file = string(default='~/myfile')
 
-test_option = option('foo', 'bar', 'foobar', default='foobar')
+test_option = option('foo', 'bar', 'foobar', 'foobar✔', default='foobar✔')
 
 [section2]
diff --git a/tests/tabular_output/test_delimited_output_adapter.py b/tests/tabular_output/test_delimited_output_adapter.py
index 3627b84..86a622e 100644
--- a/tests/tabular_output/test_delimited_output_adapter.py
+++ b/tests/tabular_output/test_delimited_output_adapter.py
@@ -12,37 +12,44 @@ from cli_helpers.tabular_output import delimited_output_adapter
 def test_csv_wrapper():
     """Test the delimited output adapter."""
     # Test comma-delimited output.
-    data = [['abc', '1'], ['d', '456']]
-    headers = ['letters', 'number']
-    output = delimited_output_adapter.adapter(iter(data), headers, dialect='unix')
-    assert "\n".join(output) == dedent('''\
+    data = [["abc", "1"], ["d", "456"]]
+    headers = ["letters", "number"]
+    output = delimited_output_adapter.adapter(iter(data), headers, dialect="unix")
+    assert "\n".join(output) == dedent(
+        '''\
         "letters","number"\n\
         "abc","1"\n\
-        "d","456"''')
+        "d","456"'''
+    )
 
     # Test tab-delimited output.
-    data = [['abc', '1'], ['d', '456']]
-    headers = ['letters', 'number']
+    data = [["abc", "1"], ["d", "456"]]
+    headers = ["letters", "number"]
     output = delimited_output_adapter.adapter(
-        iter(data), headers, table_format='csv-tab', dialect='unix')
-    assert "\n".join(output) == dedent('''\
+        iter(data), headers, table_format="csv-tab", dialect="unix"
+    )
+    assert "\n".join(output) == dedent(
+        '''\
         "letters"\t"number"\n\
         "abc"\t"1"\n\
-        "d"\t"456"''')
+        "d"\t"456"'''
+    )
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         output = delimited_output_adapter.adapter(
-            iter(data), headers, table_format='foobar')
+            iter(data), headers, table_format="foobar"
+        )
         list(output)
 
 
 def test_unicode_with_csv():
     """Test that the csv wrapper can handle non-ascii characters."""
-    data = [['观音', '1'], ['Ποσειδῶν', '456']]
-    headers = ['letters', 'number']
+    data = [["观音", "1"], ["Ποσειδῶν", "456"]]
+    headers = ["letters", "number"]
     output = delimited_output_adapter.adapter(data, headers)
-    assert "\n".join(output) == dedent('''\
+    assert "\n".join(output) == dedent(
+        """\
         letters,number\n\
         观音,1\n\
-        Ποσειδῶν,456''')
-
+        Ποσειδῶν,456"""
+    )
diff --git a/tests/tabular_output/test_output_formatter.py b/tests/tabular_output/test_output_formatter.py
index 0509cb6..d064427 100644
--- a/tests/tabular_output/test_output_formatter.py
+++ b/tests/tabular_output/test_output_formatter.py
@@ -14,14 +14,15 @@ from cli_helpers.utils import strip_ansi
 
 def test_tabular_output_formatter():
     """Test the TabularOutputFormatter class."""
-    headers = ['text', 'numeric']
+    headers = ["text", "numeric"]
     data = [
         ["abc", Decimal(1)],
         ["defg", Decimal("11.1")],
         ["hi", Decimal("1.1")],
         ["Pablo\rß\n", 0],
     ]
-    expected = dedent("""\
+    expected = dedent(
+        """\
         +------------+---------+
         | text       | numeric |
         +------------+---------+
@@ -33,66 +34,99 @@ def test_tabular_output_formatter():
     )
 
     print(expected)
-    print("\n".join(TabularOutputFormatter().format_output(
-        iter(data), headers, format_name='ascii')))
-    assert expected == "\n".join(TabularOutputFormatter().format_output(
-        iter(data), headers, format_name='ascii'))
+    print(
+        "\n".join(
+            TabularOutputFormatter().format_output(
+                iter(data), headers, format_name="ascii"
+            )
+        )
+    )
+    assert expected == "\n".join(
+        TabularOutputFormatter().format_output(iter(data), headers, format_name="ascii")
+    )
 
 
 def test_tabular_format_output_wrapper():
     """Test the format_output wrapper."""
-    data = [['1', None], ['2', 'Sam'],
-            ['3', 'Joe']]
-    headers = ['id', 'name']
-    expected = dedent('''\
+    data = [["1", None], ["2", "Sam"], ["3", "Joe"]]
+    headers = ["id", "name"]
+    expected = dedent(
+        """\
         +----+------+
         | id | name |
         +----+------+
         | 1  | N/A  |
         | 2  | Sam  |
         | 3  | Joe  |
-        +----+------+''')
+        +----+------+"""
+    )
 
-    assert expected == "\n".join(format_output(iter(data), headers, format_name='ascii',
-                                               missing_value='N/A'))
+    assert expected == "\n".join(
+        format_output(iter(data), headers, format_name="ascii", missing_value="N/A")
+    )
 
 
 def test_additional_preprocessors():
     """Test that additional preprocessors are run."""
+
     def hello_world(data, headers, **_):
         def hello_world_data(data):
             for row in data:
                 for i, value in enumerate(row):
-                    if value == 'hello':
+                    if value == "hello":
                         row[i] = "{}, world".format(value)
                 yield row
+
         return hello_world_data(data), headers
 
-    data = [['foo', None], ['hello!', 'hello']]
-    headers = 'ab'
+    data = [["foo", None], ["hello!", "hello"]]
+    headers = "ab"
 
-    expected = dedent('''\
+    expected = dedent(
+        """\
         +--------+--------------+
         | a      | b            |
         +--------+--------------+
         | foo    | hello        |
         | hello! | hello, world |
-        +--------+--------------+''')
+        +--------+--------------+"""
+    )
 
-    assert expected == "\n".join(TabularOutputFormatter().format_output(
-        iter(data), headers, format_name='ascii', preprocessors=(hello_world,),
-        missing_value='hello'))
+    assert expected == "\n".join(
+        TabularOutputFormatter().format_output(
+            iter(data),
+            headers,
+            format_name="ascii",
+            preprocessors=(hello_world,),
+            missing_value="hello",
+        )
+    )
 
 
 def test_format_name_attribute():
     """Test the the format_name attribute be set and retrieved."""
-    formatter = TabularOutputFormatter(format_name='plain')
-    assert formatter.format_name == 'plain'
-    formatter.format_name = 'simple'
-    assert formatter.format_name == 'simple'
+    formatter = TabularOutputFormatter(format_name="plain")
+    assert formatter.format_name == "plain"
+    formatter.format_name = "simple"
+    assert formatter.format_name == "simple"
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        formatter.format_name = 'foobar'
+        formatter.format_name = "foobar"
+
+
+def test_headless_tabulate_format():
+    """Test that a headless formatter doesn't display headers"""
+    formatter = TabularOutputFormatter(format_name="minimal")
+    headers = ["text", "numeric"]
+    data = [["a"], ["b"], ["c"]]
+    expected = "a\nb\nc"
+    assert expected == "\n".join(
+        TabularOutputFormatter().format_output(
+            iter(data),
+            headers,
+            format_name="minimal",
+        )
+    )
 
 
 def test_unsupported_format():
@@ -100,23 +134,27 @@ def test_unsupported_format():
     formatter = TabularOutputFormatter()
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        formatter.format_name = 'foobar'
+        formatter.format_name = "foobar"
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        formatter.format_output((), (), format_name='foobar')
+        formatter.format_output((), (), format_name="foobar")
 
 
 def test_tabulate_ansi_escape_in_default_value():
     """Test that ANSI escape codes work with tabulate."""
 
-    data = [['1', None], ['2', 'Sam'],
-            ['3', 'Joe']]
-    headers = ['id', 'name']
+    data = [["1", None], ["2", "Sam"], ["3", "Joe"]]
+    headers = ["id", "name"]
 
-    styled = format_output(iter(data), headers, format_name='psql',
-                           missing_value='\x1b[38;5;10mNULL\x1b[39m')
-    unstyled = format_output(iter(data), headers, format_name='psql',
-                             missing_value='NULL')
+    styled = format_output(
+        iter(data),
+        headers,
+        format_name="psql",
+        missing_value="\x1b[38;5;10mNULL\x1b[39m",
+    )
+    unstyled = format_output(
+        iter(data), headers, format_name="psql", missing_value="NULL"
+    )
 
     stripped_styled = [strip_ansi(s) for s in styled]
 
@@ -127,8 +165,14 @@ def test_get_type():
     """Test that _get_type returns the expected type."""
     formatter = TabularOutputFormatter()
 
-    tests = ((1, int), (2.0, float), (b'binary', binary_type),
-             ('text', text_type), (None, type(None)), ((), text_type))
+    tests = (
+        (1, int),
+        (2.0, float),
+        (b"binary", binary_type),
+        ("text", text_type),
+        (None, type(None)),
+        ((), text_type),
+    )
 
     for value, data_type in tests:
         assert data_type is formatter._get_type(value)
@@ -138,36 +182,45 @@ def test_provide_column_types():
     """Test that provided column types are passed to preprocessors."""
     expected_column_types = (bool, float)
     data = ((1, 1.0), (0, 2))
-    headers = ('a', 'b')
+    headers = ("a", "b")
 
     def preprocessor(data, headers, column_types=(), **_):
         assert expected_column_types == column_types
         return data, headers
 
-    format_output(data, headers, 'csv',
-                  column_types=expected_column_types,
-                  preprocessors=(preprocessor,))
+    format_output(
+        data,
+        headers,
+        "csv",
+        column_types=expected_column_types,
+        preprocessors=(preprocessor,),
+    )
 
 
 def test_enforce_iterable():
     """Test that all output formatters accept iterable"""
     formatter = TabularOutputFormatter()
-    loremipsum = 'lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit sed do eiusmod'.split(' ')
+    loremipsum = (
+        "lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit sed do eiusmod".split(
+            " "
+        )
+    )
 
     for format_name in formatter.supported_formats:
         formatter.format_name = format_name
         try:
-            formatted = next(formatter.format_output(
-                zip(loremipsum), ['lorem']))
+            formatted = next(formatter.format_output(zip(loremipsum), ["lorem"]))
         except TypeError:
             assert False, "{0} doesn't return iterable".format(format_name)
 
 
 def test_all_text_type():
     """Test the TabularOutputFormatter class."""
-    data = [[1, u"", None, Decimal(2)]]
-    headers = ['col1', 'col2', 'col3', 'col4']
+    data = [[1, "", None, Decimal(2)]]
+    headers = ["col1", "col2", "col3", "col4"]
     output_formatter = TabularOutputFormatter()
     for format_name in output_formatter.supported_formats:
-        for row in output_formatter.format_output(iter(data), headers, format_name=format_name):
+        for row in output_formatter.format_output(
+            iter(data), headers, format_name=format_name
+        ):
             assert isinstance(row, text_type), "not unicode for {}".format(format_name)
diff --git a/tests/tabular_output/test_preprocessors.py b/tests/tabular_output/test_preprocessors.py
index e579bbe..efc1b54 100644
--- a/tests/tabular_output/test_preprocessors.py
+++ b/tests/tabular_output/test_preprocessors.py
@@ -8,8 +8,15 @@ import pytest
 
 from cli_helpers.compat import HAS_PYGMENTS
 from cli_helpers.tabular_output.preprocessors import (
-    align_decimals, bytes_to_string, convert_to_string, quote_whitespaces,
-    override_missing_value, override_tab_value, style_output, format_numbers)
+    align_decimals,
+    bytes_to_string,
+    convert_to_string,
+    quote_whitespaces,
+    override_missing_value,
+    override_tab_value,
+    style_output,
+    format_numbers,
+)
 
 if HAS_PYGMENTS:
     from pygments.style import Style
@@ -22,9 +29,9 @@ import types
 
 def test_convert_to_string():
     """Test the convert_to_string() function."""
-    data = [[1, 'John'], [2, 'Jill']]
-    headers = [0, 'name']
-    expected = ([['1', 'John'], ['2', 'Jill']], ['0', 'name'])
+    data = [[1, "John"], [2, "Jill"]]
+    headers = [0, "name"]
+    expected = ([["1", "John"], ["2", "Jill"]], ["0", "name"])
     results = convert_to_string(data, headers)
 
     assert expected == (list(results[0]), results[1])
@@ -32,42 +39,41 @@ def test_convert_to_string():
 
 def test_override_missing_values():
     """Test the override_missing_values() function."""
-    data = [[1, None], [2, 'Jill']]
-    headers = [0, 'name']
-    expected = ([[1, '<EMPTY>'], [2, 'Jill']], [0, 'name'])
-    results = override_missing_value(data, headers, missing_value='<EMPTY>')
+    data = [[1, None], [2, "Jill"]]
+    headers = [0, "name"]
+    expected = ([[1, "<EMPTY>"], [2, "Jill"]], [0, "name"])
+    results = override_missing_value(data, headers, missing_value="<EMPTY>")
 
     assert expected == (list(results[0]), results[1])
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_PYGMENTS, reason='requires the Pygments library')
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_PYGMENTS, reason="requires the Pygments library")
 def test_override_missing_value_with_style():
     """Test that *override_missing_value()* styles output."""
 
     class NullStyle(Style):
-        styles = {
-            Token.Output.Null: '#0f0'
-        }
+        styles = {Token.Output.Null: "#0f0"}
 
-    headers = ['h1', 'h2']
-    data = [[None, '2'], ['abc', None]]
+    headers = ["h1", "h2"]
+    data = [[None, "2"], ["abc", None]]
 
-    expected_headers = ['h1', 'h2']
+    expected_headers = ["h1", "h2"]
     expected_data = [
-        ['\x1b[38;5;10m<null>\x1b[39m', '2'],
-        ['abc', '\x1b[38;5;10m<null>\x1b[39m']
+        ["\x1b[38;5;10m<null>\x1b[39m", "2"],
+        ["abc", "\x1b[38;5;10m<null>\x1b[39m"],
     ]
-    results = override_missing_value(data, headers, 
-                                     style=NullStyle, missing_value="<null>")
+    results = override_missing_value(
+        data, headers, style=NullStyle, missing_value="<null>"
+    )
 
     assert (expected_data, expected_headers) == (list(results[0]), results[1])
 
 
 def test_override_tab_value():
     """Test the override_tab_value() function."""
-    data = [[1, '\tJohn'], [2, 'Jill']]
-    headers = ['id', 'name']
-    expected = ([[1, '    John'], [2, 'Jill']], ['id', 'name'])
+    data = [[1, "\tJohn"], [2, "Jill"]]
+    headers = ["id", "name"]
+    expected = ([[1, "    John"], [2, "Jill"]], ["id", "name"])
     results = override_tab_value(data, headers)
 
     assert expected == (list(results[0]), results[1])
@@ -75,9 +81,9 @@ def test_override_tab_value():
 
 def test_bytes_to_string():
     """Test the bytes_to_string() function."""
-    data = [[1, 'John'], [2, b'Jill']]
-    headers = [0, 'name']
-    expected = ([[1, 'John'], [2, 'Jill']], [0, 'name'])
+    data = [[1, "John"], [2, b"Jill"]]
+    headers = [0, "name"]
+    expected = ([[1, "John"], [2, "Jill"]], [0, "name"])
     results = bytes_to_string(data, headers)
 
     assert expected == (list(results[0]), results[1])
@@ -85,11 +91,10 @@ def test_bytes_to_string():
 
 def test_align_decimals():
     """Test the align_decimals() function."""
-    data = [[Decimal('200'), Decimal('1')], [
-        Decimal('1.00002'), Decimal('1.0')]]
-    headers = ['num1', 'num2']
+    data = [[Decimal("200"), Decimal("1")], [Decimal("1.00002"), Decimal("1.0")]]
+    headers = ["num1", "num2"]
     column_types = (float, float)
-    expected = ([['200', '1'], ['  1.00002', '1.0']], ['num1', 'num2'])
+    expected = ([["200", "1"], ["  1.00002", "1.0"]], ["num1", "num2"])
     results = align_decimals(data, headers, column_types=column_types)
 
     assert expected == (list(results[0]), results[1])
@@ -98,9 +103,9 @@ def test_align_decimals():
 def test_align_decimals_empty_result():
     """Test align_decimals() with no results."""
     data = []
-    headers = ['num1', 'num2']
+    headers = ["num1", "num2"]
     column_types = ()
-    expected = ([], ['num1', 'num2'])
+    expected = ([], ["num1", "num2"])
     results = align_decimals(data, headers, column_types=column_types)
 
     assert expected == (list(results[0]), results[1])
@@ -108,10 +113,10 @@ def test_align_decimals_empty_result():
 
 def test_align_decimals_non_decimals():
     """Test align_decimals() with non-decimals."""
-    data = [[Decimal('200.000'), Decimal('1.000')], [None, None]]
-    headers = ['num1', 'num2']
+    data = [[Decimal("200.000"), Decimal("1.000")], [None, None]]
+    headers = ["num1", "num2"]
     column_types = (float, float)
-    expected = ([['200.000', '1.000'], [None, None]], ['num1', 'num2'])
+    expected = ([["200.000", "1.000"], [None, None]], ["num1", "num2"])
     results = align_decimals(data, headers, column_types=column_types)
 
     assert expected == (list(results[0]), results[1])
@@ -120,9 +125,8 @@ def test_align_decimals_non_decimals():
 def test_quote_whitespaces():
     """Test the quote_whitespaces() function."""
     data = [["  before", "after  "], ["  both  ", "none"]]
-    headers = ['h1', 'h2']
-    expected = ([["'  before'", "'after  '"], ["'  both  '", "'none'"]],
-                ['h1', 'h2'])
+    headers = ["h1", "h2"]
+    expected = ([["'  before'", "'after  '"], ["'  both  '", "'none'"]], ["h1", "h2"])
     results = quote_whitespaces(data, headers)
 
     assert expected == (list(results[0]), results[1])
@@ -131,8 +135,8 @@ def test_quote_whitespaces():
 def test_quote_whitespaces_empty_result():
     """Test the quote_whitespaces() function with no results."""
     data = []
-    headers = ['h1', 'h2']
-    expected = ([], ['h1', 'h2'])
+    headers = ["h1", "h2"]
+    expected = ([], ["h1", "h2"])
     results = quote_whitespaces(data, headers)
 
     assert expected == (list(results[0]), results[1])
@@ -141,106 +145,115 @@ def test_quote_whitespaces_empty_result():
 def test_quote_whitespaces_non_spaces():
     """Test the quote_whitespaces() function with non-spaces."""
     data = [["\tbefore", "after \r"], ["\n both  ", "none"]]
-    headers = ['h1', 'h2']
-    expected = ([["'\tbefore'", "'after \r'"], ["'\n both  '", "'none'"]],
-                ['h1', 'h2'])
+    headers = ["h1", "h2"]
+    expected = ([["'\tbefore'", "'after \r'"], ["'\n both  '", "'none'"]], ["h1", "h2"])
     results = quote_whitespaces(data, headers)
 
     assert expected == (list(results[0]), results[1])
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_PYGMENTS, reason='requires the Pygments library')
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_PYGMENTS, reason="requires the Pygments library")
 def test_style_output_no_styles():
     """Test that *style_output()* does not style without styles."""
-    headers = ['h1', 'h2']
-    data = [['1', '2'], ['a', 'b']]
+    headers = ["h1", "h2"]
+    data = [["1", "2"], ["a", "b"]]
     results = style_output(data, headers)
 
     assert (data, headers) == (list(results[0]), results[1])
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skipif(HAS_PYGMENTS,
-                    reason='requires the Pygments library be missing')
+@pytest.mark.skipif(HAS_PYGMENTS, reason="requires the Pygments library be missing")
 def test_style_output_no_pygments():
     """Test that *style_output()* does not try to style without Pygments."""
-    headers = ['h1', 'h2']
-    data = [['1', '2'], ['a', 'b']]
+    headers = ["h1", "h2"]
+    data = [["1", "2"], ["a", "b"]]
     results = style_output(data, headers)
 
     assert (data, headers) == (list(results[0]), results[1])
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_PYGMENTS, reason='requires the Pygments library')
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_PYGMENTS, reason="requires the Pygments library")
 def test_style_output():
     """Test that *style_output()* styles output."""
 
     class CliStyle(Style):
         default_style = ""
         styles = {
-            Token.Output.Header: 'bold ansibrightred',
-            Token.Output.OddRow: 'bg:#eee #111',
-            Token.Output.EvenRow: '#0f0'
+            Token.Output.Header: "bold ansibrightred",
+            Token.Output.OddRow: "bg:#eee #111",
+            Token.Output.EvenRow: "#0f0",
         }
-    headers = ['h1', 'h2']
-    data = [['观音', '2'], ['Ποσειδῶν', 'b']]
 
-    expected_headers = ['\x1b[91;01mh1\x1b[39;00m', '\x1b[91;01mh2\x1b[39;00m']
-    expected_data = [['\x1b[38;5;233;48;5;7m观音\x1b[39;49m',
-                      '\x1b[38;5;233;48;5;7m2\x1b[39;49m'],
-                     ['\x1b[38;5;10mΠοσειδῶν\x1b[39m', '\x1b[38;5;10mb\x1b[39m']]
+    headers = ["h1", "h2"]
+    data = [["观音", "2"], ["Ποσειδῶν", "b"]]
+
+    expected_headers = ["\x1b[91;01mh1\x1b[39;00m", "\x1b[91;01mh2\x1b[39;00m"]
+    expected_data = [
+        ["\x1b[38;5;233;48;5;7m观音\x1b[39;49m", "\x1b[38;5;233;48;5;7m2\x1b[39;49m"],
+        ["\x1b[38;5;10mΠοσειδῶν\x1b[39m", "\x1b[38;5;10mb\x1b[39m"],
+    ]
     results = style_output(data, headers, style=CliStyle)
 
     assert (expected_data, expected_headers) == (list(results[0]), results[1])
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_PYGMENTS, reason='requires the Pygments library')
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_PYGMENTS, reason="requires the Pygments library")
 def test_style_output_with_newlines():
     """Test that *style_output()* styles output with newlines in it."""
 
     class CliStyle(Style):
         default_style = ""
         styles = {
-            Token.Output.Header: 'bold ansibrightred',
-            Token.Output.OddRow: 'bg:#eee #111',
-            Token.Output.EvenRow: '#0f0'
+            Token.Output.Header: "bold ansibrightred",
+            Token.Output.OddRow: "bg:#eee #111",
+            Token.Output.EvenRow: "#0f0",
         }
-    headers = ['h1', 'h2']
-    data = [['观音\nLine2', 'Ποσειδῶν']]
 
-    expected_headers = ['\x1b[91;01mh1\x1b[39;00m', '\x1b[91;01mh2\x1b[39;00m']
+    headers = ["h1", "h2"]
+    data = [["观音\nLine2", "Ποσειδῶν"]]
+
+    expected_headers = ["\x1b[91;01mh1\x1b[39;00m", "\x1b[91;01mh2\x1b[39;00m"]
     expected_data = [
-        ['\x1b[38;5;233;48;5;7m观音\x1b[39;49m\n\x1b[38;5;233;48;5;7m'
-         'Line2\x1b[39;49m',
-         '\x1b[38;5;233;48;5;7mΠοσειδῶν\x1b[39;49m']]
+        [
+            "\x1b[38;5;233;48;5;7m观音\x1b[39;49m\n\x1b[38;5;233;48;5;7m"
+            "Line2\x1b[39;49m",
+            "\x1b[38;5;233;48;5;7mΠοσειδῶν\x1b[39;49m",
+        ]
+    ]
     results = style_output(data, headers, style=CliStyle)
 
-
     assert (expected_data, expected_headers) == (list(results[0]), results[1])
 
-@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_PYGMENTS, reason='requires the Pygments library')
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_PYGMENTS, reason="requires the Pygments library")
 def test_style_output_custom_tokens():
     """Test that *style_output()* styles output with custom token names."""
 
     class CliStyle(Style):
         default_style = ""
         styles = {
-            Token.Results.Headers: 'bold ansibrightred',
-            Token.Results.OddRows: 'bg:#eee #111',
-            Token.Results.EvenRows: '#0f0'
+            Token.Results.Headers: "bold ansibrightred",
+            Token.Results.OddRows: "bg:#eee #111",
+            Token.Results.EvenRows: "#0f0",
         }
-    headers = ['h1', 'h2']
-    data = [['1', '2'], ['a', 'b']]
 
-    expected_headers = ['\x1b[91;01mh1\x1b[39;00m', '\x1b[91;01mh2\x1b[39;00m']
-    expected_data = [['\x1b[38;5;233;48;5;7m1\x1b[39;49m',
-                      '\x1b[38;5;233;48;5;7m2\x1b[39;49m'],
-                     ['\x1b[38;5;10ma\x1b[39m', '\x1b[38;5;10mb\x1b[39m']]
+    headers = ["h1", "h2"]
+    data = [["1", "2"], ["a", "b"]]
+
+    expected_headers = ["\x1b[91;01mh1\x1b[39;00m", "\x1b[91;01mh2\x1b[39;00m"]
+    expected_data = [
+        ["\x1b[38;5;233;48;5;7m1\x1b[39;49m", "\x1b[38;5;233;48;5;7m2\x1b[39;49m"],
+        ["\x1b[38;5;10ma\x1b[39m", "\x1b[38;5;10mb\x1b[39m"],
+    ]
 
     output = style_output(
-        data, headers, style=CliStyle,
-        header_token='Token.Results.Headers',
-        odd_row_token='Token.Results.OddRows',
-        even_row_token='Token.Results.EvenRows')
+        data,
+        headers,
+        style=CliStyle,
+        header_token="Token.Results.Headers",
+        odd_row_token="Token.Results.OddRows",
+        even_row_token="Token.Results.EvenRows",
+    )
 
     assert (expected_data, expected_headers) == (list(output[0]), output[1])
 
@@ -248,29 +261,25 @@ def test_style_output_custom_tokens():
 def test_format_integer():
     """Test formatting for an INTEGER datatype."""
     data = [[1], [1000], [1000000]]
-    headers = ['h1']
-    result_data, result_headers = format_numbers(data,
-                                                 headers,
-                                                 column_types=(int,),
-                                                 integer_format=',',
-                                                 float_format=',')
-
-    expected = [['1'], ['1,000'], ['1,000,000']]
+    headers = ["h1"]
+    result_data, result_headers = format_numbers(
+        data, headers, column_types=(int,), integer_format=",", float_format=","
+    )
+
+    expected = [["1"], ["1,000"], ["1,000,000"]]
     assert expected == list(result_data)
     assert headers == result_headers
 
 
 def test_format_decimal():
     """Test formatting for a DECIMAL(12, 4) datatype."""
-    data = [[Decimal('1.0000')], [Decimal('1000.0000')], [Decimal('1000000.0000')]]
-    headers = ['h1']
-    result_data, result_headers = format_numbers(data,
-                                                 headers,
-                                                 column_types=(float,),
-                                                 integer_format=',',
-                                                 float_format=',')
-
-    expected = [['1.0000'], ['1,000.0000'], ['1,000,000.0000']]
+    data = [[Decimal("1.0000")], [Decimal("1000.0000")], [Decimal("1000000.0000")]]
+    headers = ["h1"]
+    result_data, result_headers = format_numbers(
+        data, headers, column_types=(float,), integer_format=",", float_format=","
+    )
+
+    expected = [["1.0000"], ["1,000.0000"], ["1,000,000.0000"]]
     assert expected == list(result_data)
     assert headers == result_headers
 
@@ -278,13 +287,11 @@ def test_format_decimal():
 def test_format_float():
     """Test formatting for a REAL datatype."""
     data = [[1.0], [1000.0], [1000000.0]]
-    headers = ['h1']
-    result_data, result_headers = format_numbers(data,
-                                                 headers,
-                                                 column_types=(float,),
-                                                 integer_format=',',
-                                                 float_format=',')
-    expected = [['1.0'], ['1,000.0'], ['1,000,000.0']]
+    headers = ["h1"]
+    result_data, result_headers = format_numbers(
+        data, headers, column_types=(float,), integer_format=",", float_format=","
+    )
+    expected = [["1.0"], ["1,000.0"], ["1,000,000.0"]]
     assert expected == list(result_data)
     assert headers == result_headers
 
@@ -292,11 +299,12 @@ def test_format_float():
 def test_format_integer_only():
     """Test that providing one format string works."""
     data = [[1, 1.0], [1000, 1000.0], [1000000, 1000000.0]]
-    headers = ['h1', 'h2']
-    result_data, result_headers = format_numbers(data, headers, column_types=(int, float),
-                                                 integer_format=',')
+    headers = ["h1", "h2"]
+    result_data, result_headers = format_numbers(
+        data, headers, column_types=(int, float), integer_format=","
+    )
 
-    expected = [['1', 1.0], ['1,000', 1000.0], ['1,000,000', 1000000.0]]
+    expected = [["1", 1.0], ["1,000", 1000.0], ["1,000,000", 1000000.0]]
     assert expected == list(result_data)
     assert headers == result_headers
 
@@ -304,7 +312,7 @@ def test_format_integer_only():
 def test_format_numbers_no_format_strings():
     """Test that numbers aren't formatted without format strings."""
     data = ((1), (1000), (1000000))
-    headers = ('h1',)
+    headers = ("h1",)
     result_data, result_headers = format_numbers(data, headers, column_types=(int,))
     assert list(data) == list(result_data)
     assert headers == result_headers
@@ -313,17 +321,25 @@ def test_format_numbers_no_format_strings():
 def test_format_numbers_no_column_types():
     """Test that numbers aren't formatted without column types."""
     data = ((1), (1000), (1000000))
-    headers = ('h1',)
-    result_data, result_headers = format_numbers(data, headers, integer_format=',',
-                                  float_format=',')
+    headers = ("h1",)
+    result_data, result_headers = format_numbers(
+        data, headers, integer_format=",", float_format=","
+    )
     assert list(data) == list(result_data)
     assert headers == result_headers
 
+
 def test_enforce_iterable():
-    preprocessors = inspect.getmembers(cli_helpers.tabular_output.preprocessors, inspect.isfunction)
-    loremipsum = 'lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit sed do eiusmod'.split(' ')
+    preprocessors = inspect.getmembers(
+        cli_helpers.tabular_output.preprocessors, inspect.isfunction
+    )
+    loremipsum = (
+        "lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit sed do eiusmod".split(
+            " "
+        )
+    )
     for name, preprocessor in preprocessors:
-        preprocessed = preprocessor(zip(loremipsum), ['lorem'], column_types=(str,))
+        preprocessed = preprocessor(zip(loremipsum), ["lorem"], column_types=(str,))
         try:
             first = next(preprocessed[0])
         except StopIteration:
diff --git a/tests/tabular_output/test_tabulate_adapter.py b/tests/tabular_output/test_tabulate_adapter.py
index e0dd5a8..6e7c7db 100644
--- a/tests/tabular_output/test_tabulate_adapter.py
+++ b/tests/tabular_output/test_tabulate_adapter.py
@@ -16,35 +16,53 @@ if HAS_PYGMENTS:
 
 def test_tabulate_wrapper():
     """Test the *output_formatter.tabulate_wrapper()* function."""
-    data = [['abc', 1], ['d', 456]]
-    headers = ['letters', 'number']
-    output = tabulate_adapter.adapter(iter(data), headers, table_format='psql')
-    assert "\n".join(output) == dedent('''\
-        +-----------+----------+
-        | letters   |   number |
-        |-----------+----------|
-        | abc       |        1 |
-        | d         |      456 |
-        +-----------+----------+''')
-
-    data = [['{1,2,3}', '{{1,2},{3,4}}', '{å,魚,текст}'], ['{}', '<null>', '{<null>}']]
-    headers = ['bigint_array', 'nested_numeric_array', '配列']
-    output = tabulate_adapter.adapter(iter(data), headers, table_format='psql')
-    assert "\n".join(output) == dedent('''\
-        +----------------+------------------------+--------------+
-        | bigint_array   | nested_numeric_array   | 配列         |
-        |----------------+------------------------+--------------|
-        | {1,2,3}        | {{1,2},{3,4}}          | {å,魚,текст} |
-        | {}             | <null>                 | {<null>}     |
-        +----------------+------------------------+--------------+''')
+    data = [["abc", 1], ["d", 456]]
+    headers = ["letters", "number"]
+    output = tabulate_adapter.adapter(iter(data), headers, table_format="psql")
+    assert "\n".join(output) == dedent(
+        """\
+        +---------+--------+
+        | letters | number |
+        |---------+--------|
+        | abc     |      1 |
+        | d       |    456 |
+        +---------+--------+"""
+    )
+
+    data = [["abc", 1], ["d", 456]]
+    headers = ["letters", "number"]
+    output = tabulate_adapter.adapter(iter(data), headers, table_format="psql_unicode")
+    assert "\n".join(output) == dedent(
+        """\
+        ┌─────────┬────────┐
+        │ letters │ number │
+        ├─────────┼────────┤
+        │ abc     │      1 │
+        │ d       │    456 │
+        └─────────┴────────┘"""
+    )
+
+    data = [["{1,2,3}", "{{1,2},{3,4}}", "{å,魚,текст}"], ["{}", "<null>", "{<null>}"]]
+    headers = ["bigint_array", "nested_numeric_array", "配列"]
+    output = tabulate_adapter.adapter(iter(data), headers, table_format="psql")
+    assert "\n".join(output) == dedent(
+        """\
+        +--------------+----------------------+--------------+
+        | bigint_array | nested_numeric_array | 配列         |
+        |--------------+----------------------+--------------|
+        | {1,2,3}      | {{1,2},{3,4}}        | {å,魚,текст} |
+        | {}           | <null>               | {<null>}     |
+        +--------------+----------------------+--------------+"""
+    )
 
 
 def test_markup_format():
     """Test that markup formats do not have number align or string align."""
-    data = [['abc', 1], ['d', 456]]
-    headers = ['letters', 'number']
-    output = tabulate_adapter.adapter(iter(data), headers, table_format='mediawiki')
-    assert "\n".join(output) == dedent('''\
+    data = [["abc", 1], ["d", 456]]
+    headers = ["letters", "number"]
+    output = tabulate_adapter.adapter(iter(data), headers, table_format="mediawiki")
+    assert "\n".join(output) == dedent(
+        """\
         {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
         |+ <!-- caption -->
         |-
@@ -53,44 +71,43 @@ def test_markup_format():
         | abc || 1
         |-
         | d || 456
-        |}''')
+        |}"""
+    )
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_PYGMENTS, reason='requires the Pygments library')
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_PYGMENTS, reason="requires the Pygments library")
 def test_style_output_table():
     """Test that *style_output_table()* styles the output table."""
 
     class CliStyle(Style):
         default_style = ""
         styles = {
-            Token.Output.TableSeparator: 'ansibrightred',
+            Token.Output.TableSeparator: "ansibrightred",
         }
-    headers = ['h1', 'h2']
-    data = [['观音', '2'], ['Ποσειδῶν', 'b']]
-    style_output_table = tabulate_adapter.style_output_table('psql')
+
+    headers = ["h1", "h2"]
+    data = [["观音", "2"], ["Ποσειδῶν", "b"]]
+    style_output_table = tabulate_adapter.style_output_table("psql")
 
     style_output_table(data, headers, style=CliStyle)
-    output = tabulate_adapter.adapter(iter(data), headers, table_format='psql')
-
-    assert "\n".join(output) == dedent('''\
-        \x1b[91m+\x1b[39m''' + (
-          ('\x1b[91m-\x1b[39m' * 10) +
-          '\x1b[91m+\x1b[39m' +
-          ('\x1b[91m-\x1b[39m' * 6)) +
-        '''\x1b[91m+\x1b[39m
-        \x1b[91m|\x1b[39m h1       \x1b[91m|\x1b[39m''' +
-        ''' h2   \x1b[91m|\x1b[39m
-        ''' + '\x1b[91m|\x1b[39m' + (
-          ('\x1b[91m-\x1b[39m' * 10) +
-          '\x1b[91m+\x1b[39m' +
-          ('\x1b[91m-\x1b[39m' * 6)) +
-        '''\x1b[91m|\x1b[39m
-        \x1b[91m|\x1b[39m 观音     \x1b[91m|\x1b[39m''' +
-        ''' 2    \x1b[91m|\x1b[39m
-        \x1b[91m|\x1b[39m Ποσειδῶν \x1b[91m|\x1b[39m''' +
-        ''' b    \x1b[91m|\x1b[39m
-        ''' + '\x1b[91m+\x1b[39m' + (
-          ('\x1b[91m-\x1b[39m' * 10) +
-          '\x1b[91m+\x1b[39m' +
-          ('\x1b[91m-\x1b[39m' * 6)) +
-        '\x1b[91m+\x1b[39m')
+    output = tabulate_adapter.adapter(iter(data), headers, table_format="psql")
+    PLUS = "\x1b[91m+\x1b[39m"
+    MINUS = "\x1b[91m-\x1b[39m"
+    PIPE = "\x1b[91m|\x1b[39m"
+
+    expected = (
+        dedent(
+            """\
+        +----------+----+
+        | h1       | h2 |
+        |----------+----|
+        | 观音     | 2  |
+        | Ποσειδῶν | b  |
+        +----------+----+"""
+        )
+        .replace("+", PLUS)
+        .replace("-", MINUS)
+        .replace("|", PIPE)
+    )
+
+    assert "\n".join(output) == expected
diff --git a/tests/tabular_output/test_terminaltables_adapter.py b/tests/tabular_output/test_terminaltables_adapter.py
deleted file mode 100644
index f756327..0000000
--- a/tests/tabular_output/test_terminaltables_adapter.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-"""Test the terminaltables output adapter."""
-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-from textwrap import dedent
-
-import pytest
-
-from cli_helpers.compat import HAS_PYGMENTS
-from cli_helpers.tabular_output import terminaltables_adapter
-
-if HAS_PYGMENTS:
-    from pygments.style import Style
-    from pygments.token import Token
-
-
-def test_terminal_tables_adapter():
-    """Test the terminaltables output adapter."""
-    data = [['abc', 1], ['d', 456]]
-    headers = ['letters', 'number']
-    output = terminaltables_adapter.adapter(
-        iter(data), headers, table_format='ascii')
-    assert "\n".join(output) == dedent('''\
-        +---------+--------+
-        | letters | number |
-        +---------+--------+
-        | abc     | 1      |
-        | d       | 456    |
-        +---------+--------+''')
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_PYGMENTS, reason='requires the Pygments library')
-def test_style_output_table():
-    """Test that *style_output_table()* styles the output table."""
-
-    class CliStyle(Style):
-        default_style = ""
-        styles = {
-            Token.Output.TableSeparator: 'ansibrightred',
-        }
-    headers = ['h1', 'h2']
-    data = [['观音', '2'], ['Ποσειδῶν', 'b']]
-    style_output_table = terminaltables_adapter.style_output_table('ascii')
-
-    style_output_table(data, headers, style=CliStyle)
-    output = terminaltables_adapter.adapter(iter(data), headers, table_format='ascii')
-
-    assert "\n".join(output) == dedent('''\
-        \x1b[91m+\x1b[39m''' + (
-          ('\x1b[91m-\x1b[39m' * 10) +
-          '\x1b[91m+\x1b[39m' +
-          ('\x1b[91m-\x1b[39m' * 4)) +
-        '''\x1b[91m+\x1b[39m
-        \x1b[91m|\x1b[39m h1       \x1b[91m|\x1b[39m''' +
-        ''' h2 \x1b[91m|\x1b[39m
-        ''' + '\x1b[91m+\x1b[39m' + (
-          ('\x1b[91m-\x1b[39m' * 10) +
-          '\x1b[91m+\x1b[39m' +
-          ('\x1b[91m-\x1b[39m' * 4)) +
-        '''\x1b[91m+\x1b[39m
-        \x1b[91m|\x1b[39m 观音     \x1b[91m|\x1b[39m''' +
-        ''' 2  \x1b[91m|\x1b[39m
-        \x1b[91m|\x1b[39m Ποσειδῶν \x1b[91m|\x1b[39m''' +
-        ''' b  \x1b[91m|\x1b[39m
-        ''' + '\x1b[91m+\x1b[39m' + (
-          ('\x1b[91m-\x1b[39m' * 10) +
-          '\x1b[91m+\x1b[39m' +
-          ('\x1b[91m-\x1b[39m' * 4)) +
-        '\x1b[91m+\x1b[39m')
diff --git a/tests/tabular_output/test_tsv_output_adapter.py b/tests/tabular_output/test_tsv_output_adapter.py
index 707d757..9249d87 100644
--- a/tests/tabular_output/test_tsv_output_adapter.py
+++ b/tests/tabular_output/test_tsv_output_adapter.py
@@ -12,22 +12,25 @@ from cli_helpers.tabular_output import tsv_output_adapter
 def test_tsv_wrapper():
     """Test the tsv output adapter."""
     # Test tab-delimited output.
-    data = [['ab\r\nc', '1'], ['d', '456']]
-    headers = ['letters', 'number']
-    output = tsv_output_adapter.adapter(
-        iter(data), headers, table_format='tsv')
-    assert "\n".join(output) == dedent('''\
+    data = [["ab\r\nc", "1"], ["d", "456"]]
+    headers = ["letters", "number"]
+    output = tsv_output_adapter.adapter(iter(data), headers, table_format="tsv")
+    assert "\n".join(output) == dedent(
+        """\
         letters\tnumber\n\
         ab\r\\nc\t1\n\
-        d\t456''')
+        d\t456"""
+    )
 
 
 def test_unicode_with_tsv():
     """Test that the tsv wrapper can handle non-ascii characters."""
-    data = [['观音', '1'], ['Ποσειδῶν', '456']]
-    headers = ['letters', 'number']
+    data = [["观音", "1"], ["Ποσειδῶν", "456"]]
+    headers = ["letters", "number"]
     output = tsv_output_adapter.adapter(data, headers)
-    assert "\n".join(output) == dedent('''\
+    assert "\n".join(output) == dedent(
+        """\
         letters\tnumber\n\
         观音\t1\n\
-        Ποσειδῶν\t456''')
+        Ποσειδῶν\t456"""
+    )
diff --git a/tests/tabular_output/test_vertical_table_adapter.py b/tests/tabular_output/test_vertical_table_adapter.py
index 8b5e18c..359d9d9 100644
--- a/tests/tabular_output/test_vertical_table_adapter.py
+++ b/tests/tabular_output/test_vertical_table_adapter.py
@@ -9,30 +9,41 @@ from cli_helpers.tabular_output import vertical_table_adapter
 
 def test_vertical_table():
     """Test the default settings for vertical_table()."""
-    results = [('hello', text_type(123)), ('world', text_type(456))]
+    results = [("hello", text_type(123)), ("world", text_type(456))]
 
-    expected = dedent("""\
+    expected = dedent(
+        """\
         ***************************[ 1. row ]***************************
         name | hello
         age  | 123
         ***************************[ 2. row ]***************************
         name | world
-        age  | 456""")
+        age  | 456"""
+    )
     assert expected == "\n".join(
-        vertical_table_adapter.adapter(results, ('name', 'age')))
+        vertical_table_adapter.adapter(results, ("name", "age"))
+    )
 
 
 def test_vertical_table_customized():
     """Test customized settings for vertical_table()."""
-    results = [('john', text_type(47)), ('jill', text_type(50))]
+    results = [("john", text_type(47)), ("jill", text_type(50))]
 
-    expected = dedent("""\
+    expected = dedent(
+        """\
         -[ PERSON 1 ]-----
         name | john
         age  | 47
         -[ PERSON 2 ]-----
         name | jill
-        age  | 50""")
-    assert expected == "\n".join(vertical_table_adapter.adapter(
-        results, ('name', 'age'), sep_title='PERSON {n}',
-        sep_character='-', sep_length=(1, 5)))
+        age  | 50"""
+    )
+    assert expected == "\n".join(
+        vertical_table_adapter.adapter(
+            results,
+            ("name", "age"),
+            sep_title="PERSON {n}",
+            sep_character="-",
+            sep_length=(1, 5),
+        )
+    )
diff --git a/tests/test_config.py b/tests/test_config.py
index 035e311..131bc8c 100644
--- a/tests/test_config.py
+++ b/tests/test_config.py
@@ -8,56 +8,61 @@ from unittest.mock import MagicMock
 import pytest
 
 from cli_helpers.compat import MAC, text_type, WIN
-from cli_helpers.config import (Config, DefaultConfigValidationError,
-                                get_system_config_dirs, get_user_config_dir,
-                                _pathify)
+from cli_helpers.config import (
+    Config,
+    DefaultConfigValidationError,
+    get_system_config_dirs,
+    get_user_config_dir,
+    _pathify,
+)
 from .utils import with_temp_dir
 
-APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR = 'Test', 'Acme'
-TEST_DATA_DIR = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'config_data')
+APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR = "Test", "Acme"
+TEST_DATA_DIR = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "config_data")
 DEFAULT_CONFIG = {
-    'section':  {
-        'test_boolean_default': 'True',
-        'test_string_file': '~/myfile',
-        'test_option': 'foobar'
+    "section": {
+        "test_boolean_default": "True",
+        "test_string_file": "~/myfile",
+        "test_option": "foobar✔",
     },
-    'section2': {}
+    "section2": {},
 }
 DEFAULT_VALID_CONFIG = {
-    'section':  {
-        'test_boolean_default': True,
-        'test_string_file': '~/myfile',
-        'test_option': 'foobar'
+    "section": {
+        "test_boolean_default": True,
+        "test_string_file": "~/myfile",
+        "test_option": "foobar✔",
     },
-    'section2': {}
+    "section2": {},
 }
 
 
 def _mocked_user_config(temp_dir, *args, **kwargs):
     config = Config(*args, **kwargs)
-    config.user_config_file = MagicMock(return_value=os.path.join(
-        temp_dir, config.filename))
+    config.user_config_file = MagicMock(
+        return_value=os.path.join(temp_dir, config.filename)
+    )
     return config
 
 
 def test_user_config_dir():
     """Test that the config directory is a string with the app name in it."""
-    if 'XDG_CONFIG_HOME' in os.environ:
-        del os.environ['XDG_CONFIG_HOME']
+    if "XDG_CONFIG_HOME" in os.environ:
+        del os.environ["XDG_CONFIG_HOME"]
     config_dir = get_user_config_dir(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR)
     assert isinstance(config_dir, text_type)
-    assert (config_dir.endswith(APP_NAME) or
-            config_dir.endswith(_pathify(APP_NAME)))
+    assert config_dir.endswith(APP_NAME) or config_dir.endswith(_pathify(APP_NAME))
 
 
 def test_sys_config_dirs():
     """Test that the sys config directories are returned correctly."""
-    if 'XDG_CONFIG_DIRS' in os.environ:
-        del os.environ['XDG_CONFIG_DIRS']
+    if "XDG_CONFIG_DIRS" in os.environ:
+        del os.environ["XDG_CONFIG_DIRS"]
     config_dirs = get_system_config_dirs(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR)
     assert isinstance(config_dirs, list)
-    assert (config_dirs[0].endswith(APP_NAME) or
-            config_dirs[0].endswith(_pathify(APP_NAME)))
+    assert config_dirs[0].endswith(APP_NAME) or config_dirs[0].endswith(
+        _pathify(APP_NAME)
+    )
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not WIN, reason="requires Windows")
@@ -66,7 +71,7 @@ def test_windows_user_config_dir_no_roaming():
     config_dir = get_user_config_dir(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, roaming=False)
     assert isinstance(config_dir, text_type)
     assert config_dir.endswith(APP_NAME)
-    assert 'Local' in config_dir
+    assert "Local" in config_dir
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not MAC, reason="requires macOS")
@@ -75,7 +80,7 @@ def test_mac_user_config_dir_no_xdg():
     config_dir = get_user_config_dir(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, force_xdg=False)
     assert isinstance(config_dir, text_type)
     assert config_dir.endswith(APP_NAME)
-    assert 'Library' in config_dir
+    assert "Library" in config_dir
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not MAC, reason="requires macOS")
@@ -84,53 +89,61 @@ def test_mac_system_config_dirs_no_xdg():
     config_dirs = get_system_config_dirs(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, force_xdg=False)
     assert isinstance(config_dirs, list)
     assert config_dirs[0].endswith(APP_NAME)
-    assert 'Library' in config_dirs[0]
+    assert "Library" in config_dirs[0]
 
 
 def test_config_reading_raise_errors():
     """Test that instantiating Config will raise errors when appropriate."""
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        Config(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, 'test_config', write_default=True)
+        Config(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, "test_config", write_default=True)
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        Config(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, 'test_config', validate=True)
+        Config(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, "test_config", validate=True)
 
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        Config(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, 'test_config', default=b'test')
+        Config(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, "test_config", default=b"test")
 
 
 def test_config_user_file():
     """Test that the Config user_config_file is appropriate."""
-    config = Config(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, 'test_config')
-    assert (get_user_config_dir(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR) in
-            config.user_config_file())
+    config = Config(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, "test_config")
+    assert get_user_config_dir(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR) in config.user_config_file()
 
 
 def test_config_reading_default_dict():
     """Test that the Config constructor will read in defaults from a dict."""
-    default = {'main': {'foo': 'bar'}}
-    config = Config(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, 'test_config', default=default)
+    default = {"main": {"foo": "bar"}}
+    config = Config(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, "test_config", default=default)
     assert config.data == default
 
 
 def test_config_reading_no_default():
     """Test that the Config constructor will work without any defaults."""
-    config = Config(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, 'test_config')
+    config = Config(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, "test_config")
     assert config.data == {}
 
 
 def test_config_reading_default_file():
     """Test that the Config will work with a default file."""
-    config = Config(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, 'test_config',
-                    default=os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, 'configrc'))
+    config = Config(
+        APP_NAME,
+        APP_AUTHOR,
+        "test_config",
+        default=os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "configrc"),
+    )
     config.read_default_config()
     assert config.data == DEFAULT_CONFIG
 
 
 def test_config_reading_configspec():
     """Test that the Config default file will work with a configspec."""
-    config = Config(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, 'test_config', validate=True,
-                    default=os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, 'configspecrc'))
+    config = Config(
+        APP_NAME,
+        APP_AUTHOR,
+        "test_config",
+        validate=True,
+        default=os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "configspecrc"),
+    )
     config.read_default_config()
     assert config.data == DEFAULT_VALID_CONFIG
 
@@ -138,134 +151,143 @@ def test_config_reading_configspec():
 def test_config_reading_configspec_with_error():
     """Test that reading an invalid configspec raises and exception."""
     with pytest.raises(DefaultConfigValidationError):
-        config = Config(APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, 'test_config', validate=True,
-                        default=os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR,
-                                             'invalid_configspecrc'))
+        config = Config(
+            APP_NAME,
+            APP_AUTHOR,
+            "test_config",
+            validate=True,
+            default=os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "invalid_configspecrc"),
+        )
         config.read_default_config()
 
 
 @with_temp_dir
 def test_write_and_read_default_config(temp_dir=None):
-    config_file = 'test_config'
-    default_file = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, 'configrc')
+    config_file = "test_config"
+    default_file = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "configrc")
     temp_config_file = os.path.join(temp_dir, config_file)
 
-    config = _mocked_user_config(temp_dir, APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, config_file,
-                                 default=default_file)
+    config = _mocked_user_config(
+        temp_dir, APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, config_file, default=default_file
+    )
     config.read_default_config()
     config.write_default_config()
 
-    user_config = _mocked_user_config(temp_dir, APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR,
-                                      config_file, default=default_file)
+    user_config = _mocked_user_config(
+        temp_dir, APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, config_file, default=default_file
+    )
     user_config.read()
     assert temp_config_file in user_config.config_filenames
     assert user_config == config
 
     with open(temp_config_file) as f:
         contents = f.read()
-    assert '# Test file comment' in contents
-    assert '# Test section comment' in contents
-    assert '# Test field comment' in contents
-    assert '# Test field commented out' in contents
+    assert "# Test file comment" in contents
+    assert "# Test section comment" in contents
+    assert "# Test field comment" in contents
+    assert "# Test field commented out" in contents
 
 
 @with_temp_dir
 def test_write_and_read_default_config_from_configspec(temp_dir=None):
-    config_file = 'test_config'
-    default_file = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, 'configspecrc')
+    config_file = "test_config"
+    default_file = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "configspecrc")
     temp_config_file = os.path.join(temp_dir, config_file)
 
-    config = _mocked_user_config(temp_dir, APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, config_file,
-                                 default=default_file, validate=True)
+    config = _mocked_user_config(
+        temp_dir, APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, config_file, default=default_file, validate=True
+    )
     config.read_default_config()
     config.write_default_config()
 
-    user_config = _mocked_user_config(temp_dir, APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR,
-                                      config_file, default=default_file,
-                                      validate=True)
+    user_config = _mocked_user_config(
+        temp_dir, APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, config_file, default=default_file, validate=True
+    )
     user_config.read()
     assert temp_config_file in user_config.config_filenames
     assert user_config == config
 
     with open(temp_config_file) as f:
         contents = f.read()
-    assert '# Test file comment' in contents
-    assert '# Test section comment' in contents
-    assert '# Test field comment' in contents
-    assert '# Test field commented out' in contents
+    assert "# Test file comment" in contents
+    assert "# Test section comment" in contents
+    assert "# Test field comment" in contents
+    assert "# Test field commented out" in contents
 
 
 @with_temp_dir
 def test_overwrite_default_config_from_configspec(temp_dir=None):
-    config_file = 'test_config'
-    default_file = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, 'configspecrc')
+    config_file = "test_config"
+    default_file = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "configspecrc")
     temp_config_file = os.path.join(temp_dir, config_file)
 
-    config = _mocked_user_config(temp_dir, APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, config_file,
-                                 default=default_file, validate=True)
+    config = _mocked_user_config(
+        temp_dir, APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, config_file, default=default_file, validate=True
+    )
     config.read_default_config()
     config.write_default_config()
 
-    with open(temp_config_file, 'a') as f:
-        f.write('--APPEND--')
+    with open(temp_config_file, "a") as f:
+        f.write("--APPEND--")
 
     config.write_default_config()
 
     with open(temp_config_file) as f:
-        assert '--APPEND--' in f.read()
+        assert "--APPEND--" in f.read()
 
     config.write_default_config(overwrite=True)
 
     with open(temp_config_file) as f:
-        assert '--APPEND--' not in f.read()
+        assert "--APPEND--" not in f.read()
 
 
 def test_read_invalid_config_file():
-    config_file = 'invalid_configrc'
+    config_file = "invalid_configrc"
 
-    config = _mocked_user_config(TEST_DATA_DIR, APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR,
-                                 config_file)
+    config = _mocked_user_config(TEST_DATA_DIR, APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, config_file)
     config.read()
-    assert 'section' in config
-    assert 'test_string_file' in config['section']
-    assert 'test_boolean_default' not in config['section']
-    assert 'section2' in config
+    assert "section" in config
+    assert "test_string_file" in config["section"]
+    assert "test_boolean_default" not in config["section"]
+    assert "section2" in config
 
 
 @with_temp_dir
 def test_write_to_user_config(temp_dir=None):
-    config_file = 'test_config'
-    default_file = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, 'configrc')
+    config_file = "test_config"
+    default_file = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "configrc")
     temp_config_file = os.path.join(temp_dir, config_file)
 
-    config = _mocked_user_config(temp_dir, APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, config_file,
-                                 default=default_file)
+    config = _mocked_user_config(
+        temp_dir, APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, config_file, default=default_file
+    )
     config.read_default_config()
     config.write_default_config()
 
     with open(temp_config_file) as f:
-        assert 'test_boolean_default = True' in f.read()
+        assert "test_boolean_default = True" in f.read()
 
-    config['section']['test_boolean_default'] = False
+    config["section"]["test_boolean_default"] = False
     config.write()
 
     with open(temp_config_file) as f:
-        assert 'test_boolean_default = False' in f.read()
+        assert "test_boolean_default = False" in f.read()
 
 
 @with_temp_dir
 def test_write_to_outfile(temp_dir=None):
-    config_file = 'test_config'
-    outfile = os.path.join(temp_dir, 'foo')
-    default_file = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, 'configrc')
+    config_file = "test_config"
+    outfile = os.path.join(temp_dir, "foo")
+    default_file = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "configrc")
 
-    config = _mocked_user_config(temp_dir, APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, config_file,
-                                 default=default_file)
+    config = _mocked_user_config(
+        temp_dir, APP_NAME, APP_AUTHOR, config_file, default=default_file
+    )
     config.read_default_config()
     config.write_default_config()
 
-    config['section']['test_boolean_default'] = False
+    config["section"]["test_boolean_default"] = False
     config.write(outfile=outfile)
 
     with open(outfile) as f:
-        assert 'test_boolean_default = False' in f.read()
+        assert "test_boolean_default = False" in f.read()
diff --git a/tests/test_utils.py b/tests/test_utils.py
index a136d02..ba43937 100644
--- a/tests/test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/test_utils.py
@@ -8,63 +8,70 @@ from cli_helpers import utils
 
 def test_bytes_to_string_hexlify():
     """Test that bytes_to_string() hexlifies binary data."""
-    assert utils.bytes_to_string(b'\xff') == '0xff'
+    assert utils.bytes_to_string(b"\xff") == "0xff"
 
 
 def test_bytes_to_string_decode_bytes():
     """Test that bytes_to_string() decodes bytes."""
-    assert utils.bytes_to_string(b'foobar') == 'foobar'
+    assert utils.bytes_to_string(b"foobar") == "foobar"
+
+
+def test_bytes_to_string_unprintable():
+    """Test that bytes_to_string() hexlifies data that is valid unicode, but unprintable."""
+    assert utils.bytes_to_string(b"\0") == "0x00"
+    assert utils.bytes_to_string(b"\1") == "0x01"
+    assert utils.bytes_to_string(b"a\0") == "0x6100"
 
 
 def test_bytes_to_string_non_bytes():
     """Test that bytes_to_string() returns non-bytes untouched."""
-    assert utils.bytes_to_string('abc') == 'abc'
+    assert utils.bytes_to_string("abc") == "abc"
     assert utils.bytes_to_string(1) == 1
 
 
 def test_to_string_bytes():
     """Test that to_string() converts bytes to a string."""
-    assert utils.to_string(b"foo") == 'foo'
+    assert utils.to_string(b"foo") == "foo"
 
 
 def test_to_string_non_bytes():
     """Test that to_string() converts non-bytes to a string."""
-    assert utils.to_string(1) == '1'
-    assert utils.to_string(2.29) == '2.29'
+    assert utils.to_string(1) == "1"
+    assert utils.to_string(2.29) == "2.29"
 
 
 def test_truncate_string():
     """Test string truncate preprocessor."""
-    val = 'x' * 100
-    assert utils.truncate_string(val, 10) == 'xxxxxxx...'
-    
-    val = 'x ' * 100
-    assert utils.truncate_string(val, 10) == 'x x x x...'
-
-    val = 'x' * 100
-    assert utils.truncate_string(val) == 'x' * 100
-
-    val = ['x'] * 100
-    val[20] = '\n'
-    str_val = ''.join(val)
+    val = "x" * 100
+    assert utils.truncate_string(val, 10) == "xxxxxxx..."
+
+    val = "x " * 100
+    assert utils.truncate_string(val, 10) == "x x x x..."
+
+    val = "x" * 100
+    assert utils.truncate_string(val) == "x" * 100
+
+    val = ["x"] * 100
+    val[20] = "\n"
+    str_val = "".join(val)
     assert utils.truncate_string(str_val, 10, skip_multiline_string=True) == str_val
 
 
 def test_intlen_with_decimal():
     """Test that intlen() counts correctly with a decimal place."""
-    assert utils.intlen('11.1') == 2
-    assert utils.intlen('1.1') == 1
+    assert utils.intlen("11.1") == 2
+    assert utils.intlen("1.1") == 1
 
 
 def test_intlen_without_decimal():
     """Test that intlen() counts correctly without a decimal place."""
-    assert utils.intlen('11') == 2
+    assert utils.intlen("11") == 2
 
 
 def test_filter_dict_by_key():
     """Test that filter_dict_by_key() filter unwanted items."""
-    keys = ('foo', 'bar')
-    d = {'foo': 1, 'foobar': 2}
+    keys = ("foo", "bar")
+    d = {"foo": 1, "foobar": 2}
     fd = utils.filter_dict_by_key(d, keys)
     assert len(fd) == 1
     assert all([k in keys for k in fd])
diff --git a/tests/utils.py b/tests/utils.py
index df62e01..0088eec 100644
--- a/tests/utils.py
+++ b/tests/utils.py
@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@ from .compat import TemporaryDirectory
 
 def with_temp_dir(f):
     """A wrapper that creates and deletes a temporary directory."""
+
     @wraps(f)
     def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
         with TemporaryDirectory() as temp_dir:
             return f(*args, temp_dir=temp_dir, **kwargs)
+
     return wrapped