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| author | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2020-03-19 14:00:14 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2020-03-19 14:00:14 +0000 |
| commit | df9615bac55ac6f1c3f516b66279ac0007175030 (patch) | |
| tree | 84dd81d1c97835271cea7fbdd67c074742365e07 /docs | |
| parent | Initial commit. (diff) | |
| download | gitlint-df9615bac55ac6f1c3f516b66279ac0007175030.tar.xz gitlint-df9615bac55ac6f1c3f516b66279ac0007175030.zip | |
Adding upstream version 0.13.1.upstream/0.13.1
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'docs')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/configuration.md | 432 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/contrib_rules.md | 67 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/contributing.md | 132 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/demos/asciicinema.json | 3798 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/demos/scenario.txt | 75 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/extra.css | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/images/RuleViolation.png | bin | 0 -> 27806 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/images/RuleViolations.graffle | bin | 0 -> 3291 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/index.md | 351 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/rules.md | 243 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/user_defined_rules.md | 312 |
11 files changed, 5414 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/docs/configuration.md b/docs/configuration.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..641b361 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/configuration.md @@ -0,0 +1,432 @@ +# Configuration +Gitlint can be configured through different means. + +# Config files # +You can modify gitlint's behavior by adding a ```.gitlint``` file to your git repository. + +Generate a default ```.gitlint``` config file by running: +```bash +gitlint generate-config +``` +You can also use a different config file like so: + +```bash +gitlint --config myconfigfile.ini +``` + +The block below shows a sample ```.gitlint``` file. Details about rule config options can be found on the +[Rules](rules.md) page, details about the ```[general]``` section can be found in the +[General Configuration](configuration.md#general-configuration) section of this page. + +```ini +# Edit this file as you like. +# +# All these sections are optional. Each section with the exception of [general] represents +# one rule and each key in it is an option for that specific rule. +# +# Rules and sections can be referenced by their full name or by id. For example +# section "[body-max-line-length]" could be written as "[B1]". Full section names are +# used in here for clarity. +# Rule reference documentation: http://jorisroovers.github.io/gitlint/rules/ +# +# Use 'gitlint generate-config' to generate a config file with all possible options +[general] +# Ignore certain rules (comma-separated list), you can reference them by their +# id or by their full name +ignore=title-trailing-punctuation, T3 + +# verbosity should be a value between 1 and 3, the commandline -v flags take +# precedence over this +verbosity = 2 + +# By default gitlint will ignore merge, revert, fixup and squash commits. +ignore-merge-commits=true +ignore-revert-commits=true +ignore-fixup-commits=true +ignore-squash-commits=true + +# Ignore any data send to gitlint via stdin +ignore-stdin=true + +# Fetch additional meta-data from the local repository when manually passing a +# commit message to gitlint via stdin or --commit-msg. Disabled by default. +staged=true + +# Enable debug mode (prints more output). Disabled by default. +debug=true + +# Enable community contributed rules +# See http://jorisroovers.github.io/gitlint/contrib_rules for details +contrib=contrib-title-conventional-commits,CC1 + +# Set the extra-path where gitlint will search for user defined rules +# See http://jorisroovers.github.io/gitlint/user_defined_rules for details +extra-path=examples/ + +# This is an example of how to configure the "title-max-length" rule and +# set the line-length it enforces to 80 +[title-max-length] +line-length=80 + +[title-must-not-contain-word] +# Comma-separated list of words that should not occur in the title. Matching is case +# insensitive. It's fine if the keyword occurs as part of a larger word (so "WIPING" +# will not cause a violation, but "WIP: my title" will. +words=wip + +[title-match-regex] +# python like regex (https://docs.python.org/2/library/re.html) that the +# commit-msg title must be matched to. +# Note that the regex can contradict with other rules if not used correctly +# (e.g. title-must-not-contain-word). +regex=^US[0-9]* + +[body-max-line-length] +line-length=120 + +[body-min-length] +min-length=5 + +[body-is-missing] +# Whether to ignore this rule on merge commits (which typically only have a title) +# default = True +ignore-merge-commits=false + +[body-changed-file-mention] +# List of files that need to be explicitly mentioned in the body when they are changed +# This is useful for when developers often erroneously edit certain files or git submodules. +# By specifying this rule, developers can only change the file when they explicitly reference +# it in the commit message. +files=gitlint/rules.py,README.md + +[author-valid-email] +# python like regex (https://docs.python.org/2/library/re.html) that the +# commit author email address should be matched to +# For example, use the following regex if you only want to allow email addresses from foo.com +regex=[^@]+@foo.com + +[ignore-by-title] +# Ignore certain rules for commits of which the title matches a regex +# E.g. Match commit titles that start with "Release" +regex=^Release(.*) + +# Ignore certain rules, you can reference them by their id or by their full name +# Use 'all' to ignore all rules +ignore=T1,body-min-length + +[ignore-by-body] +# Ignore certain rules for commits of which the body has a line that matches a regex +# E.g. Match bodies that have a line that that contain "release" +# regex=(.*)release(.*) +# +# Ignore certain rules, you can reference them by their id or by their full name +# Use 'all' to ignore all rules +ignore=T1,body-min-length + +# This is a contrib rule - a community contributed rule. These are disabled by default. +# You need to explicitly enable them one-by-one by adding them to the "contrib" option +# under [general] section above. +[contrib-title-conventional-commits] +# Specify allowed commit types. For details see: https://www.conventionalcommits.org/ +types = bugfix,user-story,epic +``` + +# Commandline config # + +You can also use one or more ```-c``` flags like so: + +``` +$ gitlint -c general.verbosity=2 -c title-max-length.line-length=80 -c B1.line-length=100 +``` +The generic config flag format is ```-c <rule>.<option>=<value>``` and supports all the same rules and options which +you can also use in a ```.gitlint``` config file. + +# Commit specific config # + +You can also configure gitlint by adding specific lines to your commit message. +For now, we only support ignoring commits by adding ```gitlint-ignore: all``` to the commit +message like so: + +``` +WIP: This is my commit message + +I want gitlint to ignore this entire commit message. +gitlint-ignore: all +``` + +```gitlint-ignore: all``` can occur on any line, as long as it is at the start of the line. + +You can also specify specific rules to be ignored as follows: +``` +WIP: This is my commit message + +I want gitlint to ignore this entire commit message. +gitlint-ignore: T1, body-hard-tab +``` + + + +# Configuration precedence # +gitlint configuration is applied in the following order of precedence: + +1. Commit specific config (e.g.: ```gitlint-ignore: all``` in the commit message) +2. Configuration Rules (e.g.: [ignore-by-title](/rules/#i1-ignore-by-title)) +3. Commandline convenience flags (e.g.: ```-vv```, ```--silent```, ```--ignore```) +4. Commandline configuration flags (e.g.: ```-c title-max-length=123```) +5. Configuration file (local ```.gitlint``` file, or file specified using ```-C```/```--config```) +6. Default gitlint config + +# General Options +Below we outline all configuration options that modify gitlint's overall behavior. These options can be specified +using commandline flags or in ```[general]``` section in a ```.gitlint``` configuration file. + +## silent + +Enable silent mode (no output). Use [exit](index.md#exit-codes) code to determine result. + +Default value | gitlint version | commandline flag +---------------|------------------|------------------- + false | >= 0.1.0 | ```--silent``` + +### Examples +```sh +# CLI +gitlint --silent +``` + +## verbosity + +Amount of output gitlint will show when printing errors. + +Default value | gitlint version | commandline flag +---------------|------------------|------------------- + 3 | >= 0.1.0 | `-v` + + +### Examples +```sh +# CLI +gitlint -vvv # default (level 3) +gitlint -vv # less output (level 2) +gitlint -v # even less (level 1) +gitlint --silent # no output (level 0) +gitlint -c general.verbosity=1 # Set specific level +gitlint -c general.verbosity=0 # Same as --silent +``` +```ini +.gitlint +[general] +verbosity=2 +``` + +## ignore-merge-commits + +Whether or not to ignore merge commits. + +Default value | gitlint version | commandline flag +---------------|------------------|------------------- + true | >= 0.7.0 | Not Available + +### Examples +```sh +# CLI +gitlint -c general.ignore-merge-commits=false +``` +```ini +#.gitlint +[general] +ignore-merge-commits=false +``` + +## ignore-revert-commits + +Whether or not to ignore revert commits. + +Default value | gitlint version | commandline flag +---------------|------------------|------------------- + true | >= 0.13.0 | Not Available + +### Examples +```sh +# CLI +gitlint -c general.ignore-revert-commits=false +``` +```ini +#.gitlint +[general] +ignore-revert-commits=false +``` + +## ignore-fixup-commits + +Whether or not to ignore [fixup](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit#git-commit---fixupltcommitgt) commits. + +Default value | gitlint version | commandline flag +---------------|------------------|------------------- + true | >= 0.9.0 | Not Available + +### Examples +```sh +# CLI +gitlint -c general.ignore-fixup-commits=false +``` +```ini +#.gitlint +[general] +ignore-fixup-commits=false +``` + +## ignore-squash-commits + +Whether or not to ignore [squash](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit#git-commit---squashltcommitgt) commits. + +Default value | gitlint version | commandline flag +---------------|------------------|------------------- + true | >= 0.9.0 | Not Available + +### Examples +```sh +# CLI +gitlint -c general.ignore-squash-commits=false +``` +```ini +#.gitlint +[general] +ignore-squash-commits=false +``` + +## ignore + +Comma separated list of rules to ignore (by name or id). + +Default value | gitlint version | commandline flag +---------------------------|------------------|------------------- + [] (=empty list) | >= 0.1.0 | `--ignore` + +### Examples +```sh +# CLI +gitlint --ignore=body-min-length # ignore single rule +gitlint --ignore=T1,body-min-length # ignore multiple rule +gitlint -c general.ignore=T1,body-min-length # different way of doing the same +``` +```ini +#.gitlint +[general] +ignore=T1,body-min-length +``` + +## debug + +Enable debugging output. + +Default value | gitlint version | commandline flag +---------------|------------------|------------------- + false | >= 0.7.1 | `--debug` + +### Examples +```sh +# CLI +gitlint --debug +# --debug is special, the following does NOT work +# gitlint -c general.debug=true +``` + +## target + +Target git repository gitlint should be linting against. + +Default value | gitlint version | commandline flag +---------------------------|------------------|------------------- + (empty) | >= 0.8.0 | `--target` + +### Examples +```sh +# CLI +gitlint --target=/home/joe/myrepo/ +gitlint -c general.target=/home/joe/myrepo/ # different way of doing the same +``` +```ini +#.gitlint +[general] +target=/home/joe/myrepo/ +``` + +## extra-path + +Path where gitlint looks for [user-defined rules](user_defined_rules.md). + +Default value | gitlint version | commandline flag +---------------------------|------------------|------------------- + (empty) | >= 0.8.0 | `--extra-path` + +### Examples +```sh +# CLI +gitlint --extra-path=/home/joe/rules/ +gitlint -c general.extra-path=/home/joe/rules/ # different way of doing the same +``` +```ini +#.gitlint +[general] +extra-path=/home/joe/rules/ +``` + +## contrib + +[Contrib rules](contrib_rules) to enable. + +Default value | gitlint version | commandline flag +---------------------------|------------------|------------------- + (empty) | >= 0.12.0 | `--contrib` + +### Examples +```sh +# CLI +gitlint --contrib=contrib-title-conventional-commits,CC1 +gitlint -c general.contrib=contrib-title-conventional-commits,CC1 # different way of doing the same +``` +```ini +#.gitlint +[general] +contrib=contrib-title-conventional-commits,CC1 +``` +## ignore-stdin + +Ignore any stdin data. Sometimes useful when running gitlint in a CI server. + +Default value | gitlint version | commandline flag +---------------|------------------|------------------- + false | >= 0.12.0 | `--ignore-stdin` + +### Examples +```sh +# CLI +gitlint --ignore-stdin +gitlint -c general.ignore-stdin=true # different way of doing the same +``` +```ini +#.gitlint +[general] +ignore-stdin=true +``` + +## staged + +Fetch additional meta-data from the local `repository when manually passing a commit message to gitlint via stdin or ```--commit-msg```. + +Default value | gitlint version | commandline flag +---------------|------------------|------------------- + false | >= 0.13.0 | `--staged` + +### Examples +```sh +# CLI +gitlint --staged +gitlint -c general.staged=true # different way of doing the same +``` +```ini +#.gitlint +[general] +staged=true +```
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/contrib_rules.md b/docs/contrib_rules.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4f4f0d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/contrib_rules.md @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +# Using Contrib Rules +_Introduced in gitlint v0.12.0_ + +Contrib rules are community-**contrib**uted rules that are disabled by default, but can be enabled through configuration. + +Contrib rules are meant to augment default gitlint behavior by providing users with rules for common use-cases without +forcing these rules on all gitlint users. This also means that users don't have to +re-implement these commonly used rules themselves as [user-defined](user_defined_rules) rules. + +To enable certain contrib rules, you can use the ```--contrib``` flag. +```sh +$ cat examples/commit-message-1 | gitlint --contrib contrib-title-conventional-commits,CC1 +1: CC1 Body does not contain a 'Signed-Off-By' line +1: CL1 Title does not start with one of fix, feat, chore, docs, style, refactor, perf, test: "WIP: This is the title of a commit message." + +# These are the default violations +1: T3 Title has trailing punctuation (.): "WIP: This is the title of a commit message." +1: T5 Title contains the word 'WIP' (case-insensitive): "WIP: This is the title of a commit message." +2: B4 Second line is not empty: "The second line should typically be empty" +3: B1 Line exceeds max length (123>80): "Lines typically need to have a max length, meaning that they can't exceed a preset number of characters, usually 80 or 120." +``` + +Same thing using a ```.gitlint``` file: + +```ini +[general] +# You HAVE to add the rule here to enable it, only configuring (such as below) +# does NOT enable it. +contrib=contrib-title-conventional-commits,CC1 + + +[contrib-title-conventional-commits] +# Specify allowed commit types. For details see: https://www.conventionalcommits.org/ +types = bugfix,user-story,epic +``` + +You can also configure contrib rules using [any of the other ways to configure gitlint](configuration.md). + +# Available Contrib Rules + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|-------------------------------------|------------------ |------------------------------------------- +CT1 | contrib-title-conventional-commits | >= 0.12.0 | Enforces [Conventional Commits](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/) commit message style on the title. +CC1 | contrib-requires-signed-off-by | >= 0.12.0 | Commit body must contain a `Signed-Off-By` line. + +## CT1: contrib-title-conventional-commits ## + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|---------------------------------------|--------------------|------------------------------------------- +CT1 | contrib-title-conventional-commits | >= 0.12.0 | Enforces [Conventional Commits](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/) commit message style on the title. + +### Options ### + +Name | gitlint version | Default | Description +---------------|--------------------|--------------|---------------------------------- +types | >= 0.12.0 | `fix,feat,chore,docs,style,refactor,perf,test,revert` | Comma separated list of allowed commit types. + + +## CC1: contrib-requires-signed-off-by ## + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|---------------------------------------|--------------------|------------------------------------------- +CC1 | contrib-requires-signed-off-by | >= 0.12.0 | Commit body must contain a `Signed-Off-By` line. This means, a line that starts with the `Signed-Off-By` keyword. + + +# Contributing Contrib rules +We'd love for you to contribute new Contrib rules to gitlint or improve existing ones! Please visit the [Contributing](contributing) page on how to get started.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/contributing.md b/docs/contributing.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0cd6eaf --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/contributing.md @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +# Contributing + +We'd love for you to contribute to gitlint. Thanks for your interest! +The [source-code and issue tracker](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint) are hosted on Github. + +Often it takes a while for us (well, actually just [me](https://github.com/jorisroovers)) to get back to you +(sometimes up to a few months, this is a hobby project), but rest assured that we read your message and appreciate +your interest! +We maintain a [loose roadmap on our wiki](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint/wiki/Roadmap), but +that's open to a lot of change and input. + +# Guidelines + +When contributing code, please consider all the parts that are typically required: + +- [Unit tests](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint/tree/master/gitlint/tests) (automatically + [enforced by CI](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint/actions)). Please consider writing + new ones for your functionality, not only updating existing ones to make the build pass. +- [Integration tests](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint/tree/master/qa) (also automatically + [enforced by CI](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint/actions)). Again, please consider writing new ones + for your functionality, not only updating existing ones to make the build pass. +- [Documentation](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint/tree/master/docs) + +Since we want to maintain a high standard of quality, all of these things will have to be done regardless before code +can make it as part of a release. If you can already include them as part of your PR, it's a huge timesaver for us +and it's likely that your PR will be merged and released a lot sooner. Thanks! + +# Development # + +There is a Vagrantfile in this repository that can be used for development. +```bash +vagrant up +vagrant ssh +``` + +Or you can choose to use your local environment: + +```bash +virtualenv .venv +pip install -r requirements.txt -r test-requirements.txt -r doc-requirements.txt +python setup.py develop +``` + +To run tests: +```bash +./run_tests.sh # run unit tests and print test coverage +./run_test.sh gitlint/tests/test_body_rules.py::BodyRuleTests::test_body_missing # run a single test +./run_tests.sh --no-coverage # run unit tests without test coverage +./run_tests.sh --collect-only --no-coverage # Only collect, don't run unit tests +./run_tests.sh --integration # Run integration tests (requires that you have gitlint installed) +./run_tests.sh --build # Run build tests (=build python package) +./run_tests.sh --pep8 # pep8 checks +./run_tests.sh --stats # print some code stats +./run_tests.sh --git # inception: run gitlint against itself +./run_tests.sh --lint # run pylint checks +./run_tests.sh --all # Run unit, integration, pep8 and gitlint checks + + +``` + +The ```Vagrantfile``` comes with ```virtualenv```s for python 2.7, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7 and pypy2. +You can easily run tests against specific python environments by using the following commands *inside* of the Vagrant VM: +``` +./run_tests.sh --envs 27 # Run the unit tests against Python 2.7 +./run_tests.sh --envs 27,35,pypy2 # Run the unit tests against Python 2.7, Python 3.5 and Pypy2 +./run_tests.sh --envs 27,35 --pep8 # Run pep8 checks against Python 2.7 and Python 3.5 (also works for ```--git```, ```--integration```, ```--pep8```, ```--stats``` and ```--lint```). +./run_tests.sh --envs all --all # Run all tests against all environments +./run_tests.sh --all-env --all # Idem: Run all tests against all environments +``` + +!!! important + Gitlint commits and pull requests are gated on all of our tests and checks. + +# Packaging # + +To see the package description in HTML format +``` +pip install docutils +export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 +export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 +python setup.py --long-description | rst2html.py > output.html +``` + +# Documentation # +We use [mkdocs](https://www.mkdocs.org/) for generating our documentation from markdown. + +To use it, do the following outside of the vagrant box (on your host machine): +```bash +pip install -r doc-requirements.txt # install doc requirements +mkdocs serve +``` + +Then access the documentation website on your host machine on [http://localhost:8000](). + +# Tools # +We keep a small set of scripts in the ```tools/``` directory: + +```sh +tools/create-test-repo.sh # Create a test git repo in your /tmp directory +tools/windows/create-test-repo.bat # Windows: create git test repo +tools/windows/run_tests.bat # Windows run unit tests +``` + +# Contrib rules +Since gitlint 0.12.0, we support [Contrib rules](../contrib_rules): community contributed rules that are part of gitlint +itself. Thanks for considering to add a new one to gitlint! + +Before starting, please read all the other documentation on this page about contributing first. +Then, we suggest taking the following approach to add a Contrib rule: + +1. **Write your rule as a [user-defined rule](../user_defined_rules)**. In terms of code, Contrib rules are identical to + user-defined rules, they just happen to have their code sit within the gitlint codebase itself. +2. **Add your user-defined rule to gitlint**. You should put your file(s) in the [gitlint/contrib/rules](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint/tree/master/gitlint/contrib/rules) directory. +3. **Write unit tests**. The gitlint codebase contains [Contrib rule test files you can copy and modify](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint/tree/master/gitlint/tests/contrib). +4. **Write documentation**. In particular, you should update the [gitlint/docs/contrib_rules.md](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint/blob/master/docs/contrib_rules.md) file with details on your Contrib rule. +5. **Create a Pull Request**: code review typically requires a bit of back and forth. Thanks for your contribution! + + +## Contrib rule requirements +If you follow the steps above and follow the existing gitlint conventions wrt naming things, you should already be fairly close to done. + +In case you're looking for a slightly more formal spec, here's what gitlint requires of Contrib rules. + +- Since Contrib rules are really just user-defined rules that live within the gitlint code-base, all the [user-rule requirements](../user_defined_rules/#rule-requirements) also apply to Contrib rules. +- All contrib rules **must** have associated unit tests. We *sort of* enforce this by a unit test that verifies that there's a + test file for each contrib file. +- All contrib rules **must** have names that start with `contrib-`. This is to easily distinguish them from default gitlint rules. +- All contrib rule ids **must** start with `CT` (for LineRules targeting the title), `CB` (for LineRules targeting the body) or `CC` (for CommitRules). Again, this is to easily distinguish them from default gitlint rules. +- All contrib rules **must** have unique names and ids. +- You **can** add multiple rule classes to the same file, but classes **should** be logically grouped together in a single file that implements related rules. +- Contrib rules **should** be meaningfully different from one another. If a behavior change or tweak can be added to an existing rule by adding options, that should be considered first. 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100644 index 0000000..7a4b692 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/demos/scenario.txt @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +sudo pip uninstall gitlint + +virtualenv ~/gitlint-demo + +source ~/gitlint-demo + +mkdir ~/my-git-repo + +git init + +echo "test" > myfile.txt + +git add . + +git commit + +WIP: This is a commit message title. +Second line not empty +This body line exceeds the defacto standard length of 80 characters per line in a commit m +essage. + +cd .. + + +asciicinema rec demo.json + +------------------------------------ + +pip install gitlint + +# Go to your git repo + +cd my-git-repo + +# Run gitlint to check for violations in the last commit message + +gitlint + +# For reference, here you can see that last commit message + +git log -1 + +# You can also install gitlint as a git commit-msg hook + +gitlint install-hook + +# Let's try it out + +echo "This is a test" > foo.txt + +git add . + +git commit + +WIP: Still working on this awesome patchset that will change the world forever! + +[Keep commit -> yes] + +# You can modify gitlint's behavior by adding a .gitlint file + +gitlint generate-config + +vim .gitlint + +gitlint + +# Or specify additional config via the commandline + +gitlint --ignore title-trailing-punctuation + +# For more info, visit: http://jorisroovers.github.io/gitlint + +exit + +------------------------------
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/extra.css b/docs/extra.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5643925 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/extra.css @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +a.toctree-l3 { + margin-left: 10px; + /* display: none; */ +} diff --git a/docs/images/RuleViolation.png b/docs/images/RuleViolation.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..410dca9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/images/RuleViolation.png diff --git a/docs/images/RuleViolations.graffle b/docs/images/RuleViolations.graffle Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1fea2dd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/images/RuleViolations.graffle diff --git a/docs/index.md b/docs/index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3155b19 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,351 @@ +# Intro +Gitlint is a git commit message linter written in python: it checks your commit messages for style. + +Great for use as a [commit-msg git hook](#using-gitlint-as-a-commit-msg-hook) or as part of your gating script in a +[CI pipeline (e.g. Jenkins)](index.md#using-gitlint-in-a-ci-environment). + +<script type="text/javascript" src="https://asciinema.org/a/30477.js" id="asciicast-30477" async></script> + +!!! note + **Gitlint support for Windows is experimental**, and [there are some known issues](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Awindows). + + Also, gitlint is not the only git commit message linter out there, if you are looking for an alternative written in a different language, + have a look at [fit-commit](https://github.com/m1foley/fit-commit) (Ruby), + [node-commit-msg](https://github.com/clns/node-commit-msg) (Node.js) or [commitlint](http://marionebl.github.io/commitlint) (Node.js). + +## Features ## + - **Commit message hook**: [Auto-trigger validations against new commit message right when you're committing](#using-gitlint-as-a-commit-msg-hook). Also [works with pre-commit](#using-gitlint-through-pre-commit). + - **Easily integrated**: Gitlint is designed to work [with your own scripts or CI system](#using-gitlint-in-a-ci-environment). + - **Sane defaults:** Many of gitlint's validations are based on +[well-known](http://tbaggery.com/2008/04/19/a-note-about-git-commit-messages.html), +[community](http://addamhardy.com/2013/06/05/good-commit-messages-and-enforcing-them-with-git-hooks.html), +[standards](http://chris.beams.io/posts/git-commit/), others are based on checks that we've found +useful throughout the years. + - **Easily configurable:** Gitlint has sane defaults, but [you can also easily customize it to your own liking](configuration.md). + - **Community contributed rules**: Conventions that are common but not universal [can be selectively enabled](contrib_rules). + - **User-defined rules:** Want to do more then what gitlint offers out of the box? Write your own [user defined rules](user_defined_rules.md). + - **Broad python version support:** Gitlint supports python versions 2.7, 3.5+, PyPy2 and PyPy3.5. + - **Full unicode support:** Lint your Russian, Chinese or Emoji commit messages with ease! + - **Production-ready:** Gitlint checks a lot of the boxes you're looking for: actively maintained, high unit test coverage, integration tests, + python code standards (pep8, pylint), good documentation, widely used, proven track record. + +# Getting Started +## Installation +```bash +# Pip is recommended to install the latest version +pip install gitlint + +# macOS +brew tap rockyluke/devops +brew install gitlint + +# Ubuntu +apt-get install gitlint + +# Docker: https://hub.docker.com/r/jorisroovers/gitlint +docker run -v $(pwd):/repo jorisroovers/gitlint +``` + +## Usage +```sh +# Check the last commit message +gitlint +# Alternatively, pipe a commit message to gitlint: +cat examples/commit-message-1 | gitlint +# or +git log -1 --pretty=%B | gitlint +# Or read the commit-msg from a file, like so: +gitlint --msg-filename examples/commit-message-2 +# Lint all commits in your repo +gitlint --commits HEAD + +# To install a gitlint as a commit-msg git hook: +gitlint install-hook +``` + +Output example: +```bash +$ cat examples/commit-message-2 | gitlint +1: T1 Title exceeds max length (134>80): "This is the title of a commit message that is over 80 characters and contains hard tabs and trailing whitespace and the word wiping " +1: T2 Title has trailing whitespace: "This is the title of a commit message that is over 80 characters and contains hard tabs and trailing whitespace and the word wiping " +1: T4 Title contains hard tab characters (\t): "This is the title of a commit message that is over 80 characters and contains hard tabs and trailing whitespace and the word wiping " +2: B4 Second line is not empty: "This line should not contain text" +3: B1 Line exceeds max length (125>80): "Lines typically need to have a max length, meaning that they can't exceed a preset number of characters, usually 80 or 120. " +3: B2 Line has trailing whitespace: "Lines typically need to have a max length, meaning that they can't exceed a preset number of characters, usually 80 or 120. " +3: B3 Line contains hard tab characters (\t): "Lines typically need to have a max length, meaning that they can't exceed a preset number of characters, usually 80 or 120. " +``` +!!! note + The returned exit code equals the number of errors found. [Some exit codes are special](index.md#exit-codes). + +# Configuration + +For in-depth documentation of general and rule-specific configuration options, have a look at the [Configuration](configuration.md) and [Rules](rules.md) pages. + +Short example ```.gitlint``` file ([full reference](configuration.md)): + +```ini +[general] +# Ignore certain rules (comma-separated list), you can reference them by +# their id or by their full name +ignore=body-is-missing,T3 + +# Ignore any data send to gitlint via stdin +ignore-stdin=true + +# Configure title-max-length rule, set title length to 80 (72 = default) +[title-max-length] +line-length=80 + +# You can also reference rules by their id (B1 = body-max-line-length) +[B1] +line-length=123 +``` + +Example use of flags: + +```bash +# Change gitlint's verbosity. +$ gitlint -v +# Ignore certain rules +$ gitlint --ignore body-is-missing,T3 +# Enable debug mode +$ gitlint --debug +# Load user-defined rules (see http://jorisroovers.github.io/gitlint/user_defined_rules) +$ gitlint --extra-path /home/joe/mygitlint_rules +``` + +Other commands and variations: + +```no-highlight +$ gitlint --help +Usage: gitlint [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]... + + Git lint tool, checks your git commit messages for styling issues + + Documentation: http://jorisroovers.github.io/gitlint + +Options: + --target DIRECTORY Path of the target git repository. [default: + current working directory] + -C, --config FILE Config file location [default: .gitlint] + -c TEXT Config flags in format <rule>.<option>=<value> + (e.g.: -c T1.line-length=80). Flag can be used + multiple times to set multiple config values. + --commits TEXT The range of commits to lint. [default: HEAD] + -e, --extra-path PATH Path to a directory or python module with extra + user-defined rules + --ignore TEXT Ignore rules (comma-separated by id or name). + --contrib TEXT Contrib rules to enable (comma-separated by id or + name). + --msg-filename FILENAME Path to a file containing a commit-msg. + --ignore-stdin Ignore any stdin data. Useful for running in CI + server. + --staged Read staged commit meta-info from the local + repository. + -v, --verbose Verbosity, more v's for more verbose output (e.g.: + -v, -vv, -vvv). [default: -vvv] + -s, --silent Silent mode (no output). Takes precedence over -v, + -vv, -vvv. + -d, --debug Enable debugging output. + --version Show the version and exit. + --help Show this message and exit. + +Commands: + generate-config Generates a sample gitlint config file. + install-hook Install gitlint as a git commit-msg hook. + lint Lints a git repository [default command] + uninstall-hook Uninstall gitlint commit-msg hook. + + When no COMMAND is specified, gitlint defaults to 'gitlint lint'. +``` + + +# Using gitlint as a commit-msg hook ## +_Introduced in gitlint v0.4.0_ + +You can also install gitlint as a git ```commit-msg``` hook so that gitlint checks your commit messages automatically +after each commit. + +```bash +gitlint install-hook +# To remove the hook +gitlint uninstall-hook +``` + +!!! important + + Gitlint cannot work together with an existing hook. If you already have a ```.git/hooks/commit-msg``` + file in your local repository, gitlint will refuse to install the ```commit-msg``` hook. Gitlint will also only + uninstall unmodified commit-msg hooks that were installed by gitlint. + If you're looking to use gitlint in conjunction with other hooks, you should consider + [using gitlint with pre-commit](#using-gitlint-through-pre-commit). + +# Using gitlint through [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com) + +`gitlint` can be configured as a plugin for the `pre-commit` git hooks +framework. Simply add the configuration to your `.pre-commit-config.yaml`: + +```yaml +- repo: https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint + rev: # Fill in a tag / sha here + hooks: + - id: gitlint +``` + +You then need to install the pre-commit hook like so: +```sh +pre-commit install --hook-type commit-msg +``` +!!! important + + It's important that you run ```pre-commit install --hook-type commit-msg```, even if you've already used + ```pre-commit install``` before. ```pre-commit install``` does **not** install commit-msg hooks by default! + +To manually trigger gitlint using ```pre-commit``` for your last commit message, use the following command: +```sh +pre-commit run gitlint --hook-stage commit-msg --commit-msg-filename .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG +``` + +In case you want to change gitlint's behavior, you should either use a `.gitlint` file +(see [Configuration](configuration.md)) or modify the gitlint invocation in +your `.pre-commit-config.yaml` file like so: +```yaml +- repo: https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint + rev: # Fill in a tag / sha here + hooks: + - id: gitlint + stages: [commit-msg] + entry: gitlint + args: [--contrib=CT1, --msg-filename] +``` + +# Using gitlint in a CI environment ## +By default, when just running ```gitlint``` without additional parameters, gitlint lints the last commit in the current +working directory. + +This makes it easy to use gitlint in a CI environment (Jenkins, TravisCI, Github Actions, pre-commit, CircleCI, Gitlab, etc). +In fact, this is exactly what we do ourselves: on every commit, +[we run gitlint as part of our CI checks](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint/blob/v0.12.0/run_tests.sh#L133-L134). +This will cause the build to fail when we submit a bad commit message. + +Alternatively, gitlint will also lint any commit message that you feed it via stdin like so: +```bash +# lint the last commit message +git log -1 --pretty=%B | gitlint +# lint a specific commit: 62c0519 +git log -1 --pretty=%B 62c0519 | gitlint +``` +Note that gitlint requires that you specify ```--pretty=%B``` (=only print the log message, not the metadata), +future versions of gitlint might fix this and not require the ```--pretty``` argument. + +## Linting a range of commits ## + +_Introduced in gitlint v0.9.0 (experimental in v0.8.0)_ + +Gitlint allows users to commit a number of commits at once like so: + +```bash +# Lint a specific commit range: +gitlint --commits "019cf40...d6bc75a" +# You can also use git's special references: +gitlint --commits "origin..HEAD" +# Or specify a single specific commit in refspec format, like so: +gitlint --commits "019cf40^...019cf40" +``` + +The ```--commits``` flag takes a **single** refspec argument or commit range. Basically, any range that is understood +by [git rev-list](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-rev-list) as a single argument will work. + +Prior to v0.8.1 gitlint didn't support this feature. However, older versions of gitlint can still lint a range or set +of commits at once by creating a simple bash script that pipes the commit messages one by one into gitlint. This +approach can still be used with newer versions of gitlint in case ```--commits``` doesn't provide the flexibility you +are looking for. + +```bash +#!/bin/bash + +for commit in $(git rev-list master); do + commit_msg=$(git log -1 --pretty=%B $commit) + echo "$commit" + echo "$commit_msg" | gitlint + echo "--------" +done +``` + +!!! note + One downside to this approach is that you invoke gitlint once per commit vs. once per set of commits. + This means you'll incur the gitlint startup time once per commit, making this approach rather slow if you want to + lint a large set of commits. Always use ```--commits``` if you can to avoid this performance penalty. + + +# Merge, fixup and squash commits ## +_Introduced in gitlint v0.7.0 (merge), v0.9.0 (fixup, squash) and v0.13.0 (revert)_ + +**Gitlint ignores merge, revert, fixup and squash commits by default.** + +For merge and revert commits, the rationale for ignoring them is +that most users keep git's default messages for these commits (i.e *Merge/Revert "[original commit message]"*). +Often times these commit messages are also auto-generated through tools like github. +These default/auto-generated commit messages tend to cause gitlint violations. +For example, a common case is that *"Merge:"* being auto-prepended triggers a +[title-max-length](rules.md#t1-title-max-length) violation. Most users don't want this, so we disable linting +on Merge and Revert commits by default. + +For [squash](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit#git-commit---squashltcommitgt) and [fixup](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit#git-commit---fixupltcommitgt) commits, the rationale is that these are temporary +commits that will be squashed into a different commit, and hence the commit messages for these commits are very +short-lived and not intended to make it into the final commit history. In addition, by prepending *"fixup!"* or +*"squash!"* to your commit message, certain gitlint rules might be violated +(e.g. [title-max-length](rules.md#t1-title-max-length)) which is often undesirable. + +In case you *do* want to lint these commit messages, you can disable this behavior by setting the +general ```ignore-merge-commits```, ```ignore-revert-commits```, ```ignore-fixup-commits``` or +```ignore-squash-commits``` option to ```false``` +[using one of the various ways to configure gitlint](configuration.md). + +# Ignoring commits ## +_Introduced in gitlint v0.10.0_ + +You can configure gitlint to ignore specific commits. + +One way to do this, is to by [adding a gitline-ignore line to your commit message](configuration.md#commit-specific-config). + +If you have a case where you want to ignore a certain type of commits all-together, you can +use gitlint's *ignore* rules. +Here's an example gitlint file that configures gitlint to ignore rules ```title-max-length``` and ```body-min-length``` +for all commits with a title starting with *"Release"*. + +```ini +[ignore-by-title] +# Match commit titles starting with Release +regex=^Release(.*) +ignore=title-max-length,body-min-length +# ignore all rules by setting ignore to 'all' +# ignore=all + +[ignore-by-body] +# Match commits message bodies that have a line that contains 'release' +regex=(.*)release(.*) +ignore=all +``` + +!!! note + + Right now it's not possible to write user-defined ignore rules to handle more complex use-cases. + This is however something that we'd like to implement in a future version. If this is something you're interested in + please let us know by [opening an issue](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint/issues). + +# Exit codes ## +Gitlint uses the exit code as a simple way to indicate the number of violations found. +Some exit codes are used to indicate special errors as indicated in the table below. + +Because of these special error codes and the fact that +[bash only supports exit codes between 0 and 255](http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/exitcodes.html), the maximum number +of violations counted by the exit code is 252. Note that gitlint does not have a limit on the number of violations +it can detect, it will just always return with exit code 252 when the number of violations is greater than or equal +to 252. + +Exit Code | Description +-----------|------------------------------------------------------------ +253 | Wrong invocation of the ```gitlint``` command. +254 | Something went wrong when invoking git. +255 | Invalid gitlint configuration diff --git a/docs/rules.md b/docs/rules.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..173c5b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/rules.md @@ -0,0 +1,243 @@ +# Overview # + +The table below shows an overview of all gitlint's built-in rules. +Note that you can also [write your own user-defined rule](user_defined_rules.md) in case you don't find +what you're looking for. +The rest of this page contains details on the available configuration options for each built-in rule. + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|-----------------------------|-------------------|------------------------------------------- +T1 | title-max-length | >= 0.1.0 | Title length must be < 72 chars. +T2 | title-trailing-whitespace | >= 0.1.0 | Title cannot have trailing whitespace (space or tab) +T3 | title-trailing-punctuation | >= 0.1.0 | Title cannot have trailing punctuation (?:!.,;) +T4 | title-hard-tab | >= 0.1.0 | Title cannot contain hard tab characters (\t) +T5 | title-must-not-contain-word | >= 0.1.0 | Title cannot contain certain words (default: "WIP") +T6 | title-leading-whitespace | >= 0.4.0 | Title cannot have leading whitespace (space or tab) +T7 | title-match-regex | >= 0.5.0 | Title must match a given regex (default: .*) +B1 | body-max-line-length | >= 0.1.0 | Lines in the body must be < 80 chars +B2 | body-trailing-whitespace | >= 0.1.0 | Body cannot have trailing whitespace (space or tab) +B3 | body-hard-tab | >= 0.1.0 | Body cannot contain hard tab characters (\t) +B4 | body-first-line-empty | >= 0.1.0 | First line of the body (second line of commit message) must be empty +B5 | body-min-length | >= 0.4.0 | Body length must be at least 20 characters +B6 | body-is-missing | >= 0.4.0 | Body message must be specified +B7 | body-changed-file-mention | >= 0.4.0 | Body must contain references to certain files if those files are changed in the last commit +M1 | author-valid-email | >= 0.9.0 | Author email address must be a valid email address +I1 | ignore-by-title | >= 0.10.0 | Ignore a commit based on matching its title +I2 | ignore-by-body | >= 0.10.0 | Ignore a commit based on matching its body + +## T1: title-max-length ## + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|-----------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------- +T1 | title-max-length | >= 0.1 | Title length must be < 72 chars. + +### Options ### + +Name | gitlint version | Default | Description +---------------|-----------------|---------|---------------------------------- +line-length | >= 0.2 | 72 | Maximum allowed title length + +## T2: title-trailing-whitespace ## + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|-----------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------- +T2 | title-trailing-whitespace | >= 0.1 | Title cannot have trailing whitespace (space or tab) + + +## T3: title-trailing-punctuation ## + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|-----------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------- +T3 | title-trailing-punctuation | >= 0.1 | Title cannot have trailing punctuation (?:!.,;) + + +## T4: title-hard-tab ## + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|-----------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------- +T4 | title-hard-tab | >= 0.1 | Title cannot contain hard tab characters (\t) + + +## T5: title-must-not-contain-word ## + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|-----------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------- +T5 | title-must-not-contain-word | >= 0.1 | Title cannot contain certain words (default: "WIP") + +### Options ### + +Name | gitlint version | Default | Description +---------------|-----------------|---------|---------------------------------- +words | >= 0.3 | WIP | Comma-separated list of words that should not be used in the title. Matching is case insensitive + +## T6: title-leading-whitespace ## + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|-----------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------- +T6 | title-leading-whitespace | >= 0.4 | Title cannot have leading whitespace (space or tab) + +## T7: title-match-regex ## + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|-----------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------- +T7 | title-match-regex | >= 0.5 | Title must match a given regex (default: .*) + + +### Options ### + +Name | gitlint version | Default | Description +---------------|-----------------|---------|---------------------------------- +regex | >= 0.5 | .* | [Python-style regular expression](https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/re.html) that the title should match. + +## B1: body-max-line-length ## + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|-----------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------- +B1 | body-max-line-length | >= 0.1 | Lines in the body must be < 80 chars + +### Options ### + +Name | gitlint version | Default | Description +---------------|-----------------|---------|---------------------------------- +line-length | >= 0.2 | 80 | Maximum allowed line length in the commit message body + +## B2: body-trailing-whitespace ## + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|-----------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------- +B2 | body-trailing-whitespace | >= 0.1 | Body cannot have trailing whitespace (space or tab) + + +## B3: body-hard-tab ## + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|-----------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------- +B3 | body-hard-tab | >= 0.1 | Body cannot contain hard tab characters (\t) + + +## B4: body-first-line-empty ## + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|-----------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------- +B4 | body-first-line-empty | >= 0.1 | First line of the body (second line of commit message) must be empty + +## B5: body-min-length ## + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|-----------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------- +B5 | body-min-length | >= 0.4 | Body length must be at least 20 characters. In versions >= 0.8.0, gitlint will not count newline characters. + +### Options ### + +Name | gitlint version | Default | Description +---------------|-----------------|---------|---------------------------------- +min-length | >= 0.4 | 20 | Minimum number of required characters in body + +## B6: body-is-missing ## + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|-----------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------- +B6 | body-is-missing | >= 0.4 | Body message must be specified + + +### Options ### + +Name | gitlint version | Default | Description +----------------------|-----------------|-----------|---------------------------------- +ignore-merge-commits | >= 0.4 | true | Whether this rule should be ignored during merge commits. Allowed values: true,false. + +## B7: body-changed-file-mention ## + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|-----------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------- +B7 | body-changed-file-mention | >= 0.4 | Body must contain references to certain files if those files are changed in the last commit + +### Options ### + +Name | gitlint version | Default | Description +----------------------|-----------------|--------------|---------------------------------- +files | >= 0.4 | (empty) | Comma-separated list of files that need to an explicit mention in the commit message in case they are changed. + + + +## M1: author-valid-email ## + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|-----------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------- +M1 | author-valid-email | >= 0.8.3 | Author email address must be a valid email address + +!!! note + Email addresses are [notoriously hard to validate and the official email valid spec is often too loose for any real world application](http://stackoverflow.com/a/201378/381010). + Gitlint by default takes a pragmatic approach and requires users to enter email addresses that contain a name, domain and tld and has no spaces. + + + +### Options ### + +Name | gitlint version | Default | Description +----------------------|-------------------|------------------------------|---------------------------------- +regex | >= 0.9.0 | ```[^@ ]+@[^@ ]+\.[^@ ]+``` | Regex the commit author email address is matched against + + +!!! note + An often recurring use-case is to only allow email addresses from a certain domain. The following regular expression achieves this: ```[^@]+@foo.com``` + + +## I1: ignore-by-title ## + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|-----------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------- +I1 | ignore-by-title | >= 0.10.0 | Ignore a commit based on matching its title. + + +### Options ### + +Name | gitlint version | Default | Description +----------------------|-------------------|------------------------------|---------------------------------- +regex | >= 0.10.0 | None | Regex to match against commit title. On match, the commit will be ignored. +ignore | >= 0.10.0 | all | Comma-seperated list of rule names or ids to ignore when this rule is matched. + +### Examples + +#### .gitlint + +```ini +# Match commit titles starting with Release +# For those commits, ignore title-max-length and body-min-length rules +[ignore-by-title] +regex=^Release(.*) +ignore=title-max-length,body-min-length +# ignore all rules by setting ignore to 'all' +# ignore=all +``` + +## I2: ignore-by-body ## + +ID | Name | gitlint version | Description +------|-----------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------- +I2 | ignore-by-body | >= 0.10.0 | Ignore a commit based on matching its body. + + +### Options ### + +Name | gitlint version | Default | Description +----------------------|-------------------|------------------------------|---------------------------------- +regex | >= 0.10.0 | None | Regex to match against each line of the body. On match, the commit will be ignored. +ignore | >= 0.10.0 | all | Comma-seperated list of rule names or ids to ignore when this rule is matched. + +### Examples + +#### .gitlint + +```ini +# Ignore all commits with a commit message body with a line that contains 'release' +[ignore-by-body] +regex=(.*)release(.*) +ignore=all + +# For matching commits, only ignore rules T1, body-min-length, B6. +# You can use both names as well as ids to refer to other rules. +[ignore-by-body] +regex=(.*)release(.*) +ignore=T1,body-min-length,B6 +```
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/user_defined_rules.md b/docs/user_defined_rules.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a8a51d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/user_defined_rules.md @@ -0,0 +1,312 @@ +# User Defined Rules +_Introduced in gitlint v0.8.0_ + +Gitlint supports the concept of **user-defined** rules: the ability for users to write their own custom rules in python. + +In a nutshell, use ```--extra-path /home/joe/myextensions``` to point gitlint to a ```myextensions``` directory where it will search +for python files containing gitlint rule classes. You can also specify a single python module, ie +```--extra-path /home/joe/my_rules.py```. + +```bash +cat examples/commit-message-1 | gitlint --extra-path examples/ +# Example output of a user-defined Signed-Off-By rule +1: UC2 Body does not contain a 'Signed-Off-By Line' +# other violations were removed for brevity +``` + +The `SignedOffBy` user-defined ```CommitRule``` was discovered by gitlint when it scanned +[examples/gitlint/my_commit_rules.py](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint/blob/master/examples/my_commit_rules.py), +which is part of the examples directory that was passed via ```--extra-path```: + +```python +from gitlint.rules import CommitRule, RuleViolation + +class SignedOffBy(CommitRule): + """ This rule will enforce that each commit contains a "Signed-Off-By" line. + We keep things simple here and just check whether the commit body contains a + line that starts with "Signed-Off-By". + """ + + # A rule MUST have a human friendly name + name = "body-requires-signed-off-by" + + # A rule MUST have a *unique* id, we recommend starting with UC + # (for User-defined Commit-rule). + id = "UC2" + + def validate(self, commit): + for line in commit.message.body: + if line.startswith("Signed-Off-By"): + return + + msg = "Body does not contain a 'Signed-Off-By' line" + return [RuleViolation(self.id, msg, line_nr=1)] +``` + +As always, ```--extra-path``` can also be set by adding it under the ```[general]``` section in your ```.gitlint``` file or using +[one of the other ways to configure gitlint](configuration.md). + +If you want to check whether your rules are properly discovered by gitlint, you can use the ```--debug``` flag: + +```bash +$ gitlint --debug --extra-path examples/ +# [output cut for brevity] + UC1: body-max-line-count + body-max-line-count=3 + UC2: body-requires-signed-off-by + UL1: title-no-special-chars + special-chars=['$', '^', '%', '@', '!', '*', '(', ')'] +``` + +!!! Note + In most cases it's really the easiest to just copy an example from the + [examples](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint/tree/master/examples) directory and modify it to your needs. + The remainder of this page contains the technical details, mostly for reference. + +# Line and Commit Rules ## +The ```SignedOffBy``` class above was an example of a user-defined ```CommitRule```. Commit rules are gitlint rules that +act on the entire commit at once. Once the rules are discovered, gitlint will automatically take care of applying them +to the entire commit. This happens exactly once per commit. + +A ```CommitRule``` contrasts with a ```LineRule``` +(see e.g.: [examples/my_line_rules.py](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint/blob/master/examples/my_line_rules.py)) +in that a ```CommitRule``` is only applied once on an entire commit while a ```LineRule``` is applied for every line in the commit +(you can also apply it once to the title using a ```target``` - see the examples section below). + +The benefit of a commit rule is that it allows commit rules to implement more complex checks that span multiple lines and/or checks +that should only be done once per commit. + +While every ```LineRule``` can be implemented as a ```CommitRule```, it's usually easier and more concise to go with a ```LineRule``` if +that fits your needs. + +## Examples ## + +In terms of code, writing your own ```CommitRule``` or ```LineRule``` is very similar. +The only 2 differences between a ```CommitRule``` and a ```LineRule``` are the parameters of the ```validate(...)``` method and the extra +```target``` attribute that ```LineRule``` requires. + +Consider the following ```CommitRule``` that can be found in [examples/my_commit_rules.py](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint/blob/master/examples/my_commit_rules.py): + +```python +from gitlint.rules import CommitRule, RuleViolation + +class SignedOffBy(CommitRule): + """ This rule will enforce that each commit contains a "Signed-Off-By" line. + We keep things simple here and just check whether the commit body contains a + line that starts with "Signed-Off-By". + """ + + # A rule MUST have a human friendly name + name = "body-requires-signed-off-by" + + # A rule MUST have a *unique* id, we recommend starting with UC + # (for User-defined Commit-rule). + id = "UC2" + + def validate(self, commit): + for line in commit.message.body: + if line.startswith("Signed-Off-By"): + return [] + + msg = "Body does not contain a 'Signed-Off-By Line'" + return [RuleViolation(self.id, msg, line_nr=1)] +``` +Note the use of the ```name``` and ```id``` class attributes and the ```validate(...)``` method taking a single ```commit``` parameter. + +Contrast this with the following ```LineRule``` that can be found in [examples/my_line_rules.py](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint/blob/master/examples/my_line_rules.py): + +```python +from gitlint.rules import LineRule, RuleViolation, CommitMessageTitle +from gitlint.options import ListOption + +class SpecialChars(LineRule): + """ This rule will enforce that the commit message title does not contai + any of the following characters: + $^%@!*() """ + + # A rule MUST have a human friendly name + name = "title-no-special-chars" + + # A rule MUST have a *unique* id, we recommend starting with UL + # for User-defined Line-rule), but this can really be anything. + id = "UL1" + + # A line-rule MUST have a target (not required for CommitRules). + target = CommitMessageTitle + + # A rule MAY have an option_spec if its behavior should be configurable. + options_spec = [ListOption('special-chars', ['$', '^', '%', '@', '!', '*', '(', ')'], + "Comma separated list of characters that should not occur in the title")] + + def validate(self, line, commit): + violations = [] + # option values can be accessed via self.options + for char in self.options['special-chars'].value: + if char in line: + violation = RuleViolation(self.id, "Title contains the special character '{}'".format(char), line) + violations.append(violation) + + return violations +``` + +Note the following 2 differences: + +- **extra ```target``` class attribute**: in this example set to ```CommitMessageTitle``` indicating that this ```LineRule``` +should only be applied once to the commit message title. The alternative value for ```target``` is ```CommitMessageBody```, + in which case gitlint will apply +your rule to **every** line in the commit message body. +- **```validate(...)``` takes 2 parameters**: Line rules get the ```line``` against which they are applied as the first parameter and +the ```commit``` object of which the line is part of as second. + +In addition, you probably also noticed the extra ```options_spec``` class attribute which allows you to make your rules configurable. +Options are not unique to ```LineRule```s, they can also be used by ```CommitRule```s and are further explained in the +[Options](user_defined_rules.md#options) section below. + + +# The commit object ## +Both ```CommitRule```s and ```LineRule```s take a ```commit``` object in their ```validate(...)``` methods. +The table below outlines the various attributes of that commit object that can be used during validation. + + +Property | Type | Description +-------------------------------| ---------------|------------------- +commit.message | object | Python object representing the commit message +commit.message.original | string | Original commit message as returned by git +commit.message.full | string | Full commit message, with comments (lines starting with #) removed. +commit.message.title | string | Title/subject of the commit message: the first line +commit.message.body | string[] | List of lines in the body of the commit message (i.e. starting from the second line) +commit.author_name | string | Name of the author, result of ```git log --pretty=%aN``` +commit.author_email | string | Email of the author, result of ```git log --pretty=%aE``` +commit.date | datetime | Python ```datetime``` object representing the time of commit +commit.is_merge_commit | boolean | Boolean indicating whether the commit is a merge commit or not. +commit.is_revert_commit | boolean | Boolean indicating whether the commit is a revert commit or not. +commit.is_fixup_commit | boolean | Boolean indicating whether the commit is a fixup commit or not. +commit.is_squash_commit | boolean | Boolean indicating whether the commit is a squash commit or not. +commit.parents | string[] | List of parent commit ```sha```s (only for merge commits). +commit.changed_files | string[] | List of files changed in the commit (relative paths). +commit.branches | string[] | List of branch names the commit is part of +commit.context | object | Object pointing to the bigger git context that the commit is part of +commit.context.current_branch | string | Name of the currently active branch (of local repo) +commit.context.repository_path | string | Absolute path pointing to the git repository being linted +commit.context.commits | object[] | List of commits gitlint is acting on, NOT all commits in the repo. + +# Violations ## +In order to let gitlint know that there is a violation in the commit being linted, users should have the ```validate(...)``` +method in their rules return a list of ```RuleViolation```s. + +!!! important + The ```validate(...)``` method doesn't always need to return a list, you can just skip the return statement in case there are no violations. + However, in case of a single violation, validate should return a **list** with a single item. + +The ```RuleViolation``` class has the following generic signature: + +``` +RuleViolation(rule_id, message, content=None, line_nr=None): +``` +With the parameters meaning the following: + +Parameter | Type | Description +--------------|---------|-------------------------------- +rule_id | string | Rule's unique string id +message | string | Short description of the violation +content | string | (optional) the violating part of commit or line +line_nr | int | (optional) line number in the commit message where the violation occurs. **Automatically set to the correct line number for ```LineRule```s if not set explicitly.** + +A typical ```validate(...)``` implementation for a ```CommitRule``` would then be as follows: +```python +def validate(self, commit) + for line_nr, line in commit.message.body: + if "Jon Snow" in line: + # we add 1 to the line_nr because we offset the title which is on the first line + return [RuleViolation(self.id, "Commit message has the words 'Jon Snow' in it", line, line_nr + 1)] + return [] +``` + +The parameters of this ```RuleViolation``` can be directly mapped onto gitlint's output as follows: + + + +# Options ## + +In order to make your own rules configurable, you can add an optional ```options_spec``` attribute to your rule class +(supported for both ```LineRule``` and ```CommitRule```). + +```python +from gitlint.rules import CommitRule, RuleViolation +from gitlint.options import IntOption + +class BodyMaxLineCount(CommitRule): + # A rule MUST have a human friendly name + name = "body-max-line-count" + + # A rule MUST have a *unique* id, we recommend starting with UC (for + # User-defined Commit-rule). + id = "UC1" + + # A rule MAY have an option_spec if its behavior should be configurable. + options_spec = [IntOption('max-line-count', 3, "Maximum body line count")] + + def validate(self, commit): + line_count = len(commit.message.body) + max_line_count = self.options['max-line-count'].value + if line_count > max_line_count: + message = "Body contains too many lines ({0} > {1})".format(line_count, + max_line_count) + return [RuleViolation(self.id, message, line_nr=1)] +``` + + +By using ```options_spec```, you make your option available to be configured through a ```.gitlint``` file +or one of the [other ways to configure gitlint](configuration.md). Gitlint automatically takes care of the parsing and input validation. + +For example, to change the value of the ```max-line-count``` option, add the following to your ```.gitlint``` file: +```ini +[body-max-line-count] +body-max-line-count=1 +``` + +As ```options_spec``` is a list, you can obviously have multiple options per rule. The general signature of an option is: +```Option(name, default_value, description)```. + +Gitlint supports a variety of different option types, all can be imported from ```gitlint.options```: + +Option Class | Use for +----------------|-------------- +StrOption | Strings +IntOption | Integers. ```IntOption``` takes an optional ```allow_negative``` parameter if you want to allow negative integers. +BoolOption | Booleans. Valid values: `true`, `false`. Case-insensitive. +ListOption | List of strings. Comma separated. +PathOption | Directory or file path. Takes an optional ```type``` parameter for specifying path type (```file```, ```dir``` (=default) or ```both```). + +!!! note + Gitlint currently does not support options for all possible types (e.g. float, list of int, etc). + [We could use a hand getting those implemented](contributing.md)! + + +# Rule requirements ## + +As long as you stick with simple rules that are similar to the sample user-defined rules (see the +[examples](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint/blob/master/examples/my_commit_rules.py) directory), gitlint +should be able to discover and execute them. While clearly you can run any python code you want in your rules, +you might run into some issues if you don't follow the conventions that gitlint requires. + +While the [rule finding source-code](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint/blob/master/gitlint/rule_finder.py) is the +ultimate source of truth, here are some of the requirements that gitlint enforces. + +## Rule class requirements ### + +- Rules **must** extend from ```LineRule``` or ```CommitRule``` +- Rule classes **must** have ```id``` and ```name``` string attributes. The ```options_spec``` is optional, + but if set, it **must** be a list of gitlint Options. +- Rule classes **must** have a ```validate``` method. In case of a ```CommitRule```, ```validate``` **must** take a single ```commit``` parameter. + In case of ```LineRule```, ```validate``` **must** take ```line``` and ```commit``` as first and second parameters. +- LineRule classes **must** have a ```target``` class attributes that is set to either ```CommitMessageTitle``` or ```CommitMessageBody```. +- User Rule id's **cannot** start with ```R```, ```T```, ```B``` or ```M``` as these rule ids are reserved for gitlint itself. +- Rules **should** have a case-insensitive unique id as only one rule can exist with a given id. While gitlint does not enforce this, having multiple rules with + the same id might lead to unexpected or undeterministic behavior. + +## extra-path requirements ### +- If ```extra-path``` is a directory, it does **not** need to be a proper python package, i.e. it doesn't require an ```__init__.py``` file. +- Python files containing user-defined rules must have a ```.py``` extension. Files with a different extension will be ignored. +- The ```extra-path``` will be searched non-recursively, i.e. all rule classes must be present at the top level ```extra-path``` directory. +- User rule classes must be defined in the modules that are part of ```extra-path```, rules that are imported from outside the ```extra-path``` will be ignored. |
