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diff --git a/ml/dlib/dlib/matrix/matrix.h b/ml/dlib/dlib/matrix/matrix.h
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+// Copyright (C) 2006 Davis E. King (davis@dlib.net)
+// License: Boost Software License See LICENSE.txt for the full license.
+#ifndef DLIB_MATRIx_
+#define DLIB_MATRIx_
+
+#include "matrix_exp.h"
+#include "matrix_abstract.h"
+#include "../algs.h"
+#include "../serialize.h"
+#include "../enable_if.h"
+#include <sstream>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include "../memory_manager.h"
+#include "../is_kind.h"
+#include "matrix_data_layout.h"
+#include "matrix_assign_fwd.h"
+#include "matrix_op.h"
+#include <utility>
+#ifdef DLIB_HAS_INITIALIZER_LISTS
+#include <initializer_list>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MATLAB_MEX_FILE
+#include <mex.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+// Disable the following warnings for Visual Studio
+
+// This warning is:
+// "warning C4355: 'this' : used in base member initializer list"
+// Which we get from this code but it is not an error so I'm turning this
+// warning off and then turning it back on at the end of the file.
+#pragma warning(disable : 4355)
+
+// "warning C4723: potential divide by 0" - This warning is triggered in
+// matrix(const std::initializer_list<T>& l) where the compiler can see that
+// matrix<> was templated in a way making NR ending up 0, but division by 0 at runtime
+// is not possible because the division operation is inside "if (NR!=0)" block.
+#pragma warning(disable : 4723)
+
+#endif
+
+namespace dlib
+{
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ // This template will perform the needed loop for element multiplication using whichever
+ // dimension is provided as a compile time constant (if one is at all).
+ template <
+ typename LHS,
+ typename RHS,
+ long lhs_nc = LHS::NC,
+ long rhs_nr = RHS::NR
+ >
+ struct matrix_multiply_helper
+ {
+ typedef typename LHS::type type;
+ template <typename RHS_, typename LHS_>
+ inline const static type eval (
+ const RHS_& rhs,
+ const LHS_& lhs,
+ const long r,
+ const long c
+ )
+ {
+ type temp = lhs(r,0)*rhs(0,c);
+ for (long i = 1; i < rhs.nr(); ++i)
+ {
+ temp += lhs(r,i)*rhs(i,c);
+ }
+ return temp;
+ }
+ };
+
+ template <
+ typename LHS,
+ typename RHS,
+ long lhs_nc
+ >
+ struct matrix_multiply_helper <LHS,RHS,lhs_nc,0>
+ {
+ typedef typename LHS::type type;
+ template <typename RHS_, typename LHS_>
+ inline const static type eval (
+ const RHS_& rhs,
+ const LHS_& lhs,
+ const long r,
+ const long c
+ )
+ {
+ type temp = lhs(r,0)*rhs(0,c);
+ for (long i = 1; i < lhs.nc(); ++i)
+ {
+ temp += lhs(r,i)*rhs(i,c);
+ }
+ return temp;
+ }
+ };
+
+ template <typename LHS, typename RHS>
+ class matrix_multiply_exp;
+
+ template <typename LHS, typename RHS>
+ struct matrix_traits<matrix_multiply_exp<LHS,RHS> >
+ {
+ typedef typename LHS::type type;
+ typedef typename LHS::type const_ret_type;
+ typedef typename LHS::mem_manager_type mem_manager_type;
+ typedef typename LHS::layout_type layout_type;
+ const static long NR = LHS::NR;
+ const static long NC = RHS::NC;
+
+#ifdef DLIB_USE_BLAS
+ // if there are BLAS functions to be called then we want to make sure we
+ // always evaluate any complex expressions so that the BLAS bindings can happen.
+ const static bool lhs_is_costly = (LHS::cost > 2)&&(RHS::NC != 1 || LHS::cost >= 10000);
+ const static bool rhs_is_costly = (RHS::cost > 2)&&(LHS::NR != 1 || RHS::cost >= 10000);
+#else
+ const static bool lhs_is_costly = (LHS::cost > 4)&&(RHS::NC != 1);
+ const static bool rhs_is_costly = (RHS::cost > 4)&&(LHS::NR != 1);
+#endif
+
+ // Note that if we decide that one of the matrices is too costly we will evaluate it
+ // into a temporary. Doing this resets its cost back to 1.
+ const static long lhs_cost = ((lhs_is_costly==true)? 1 : (LHS::cost));
+ const static long rhs_cost = ((rhs_is_costly==true)? 1 : (RHS::cost));
+
+ // The cost of evaluating an element of a matrix multiply is the cost of evaluating elements from
+ // RHS and LHS times the number of rows/columns in the RHS/LHS matrix. If we don't know the matrix
+ // dimensions then just assume it is really large.
+ const static long cost = ((tmax<LHS::NC,RHS::NR>::value!=0)? ((lhs_cost+rhs_cost)*tmax<LHS::NC,RHS::NR>::value):(10000));
+ };
+
+ template <typename T, bool is_ref> struct conditional_matrix_temp { typedef typename T::matrix_type type; };
+ template <typename T> struct conditional_matrix_temp<T,true> { typedef T& type; };
+
+ template <
+ typename LHS,
+ typename RHS
+ >
+ class matrix_multiply_exp : public matrix_exp<matrix_multiply_exp<LHS,RHS> >
+ {
+ /*!
+ REQUIREMENTS ON LHS AND RHS
+ - must be matrix_exp objects.
+ !*/
+ public:
+
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix_multiply_exp>::type type;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix_multiply_exp>::const_ret_type const_ret_type;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix_multiply_exp>::mem_manager_type mem_manager_type;
+ const static long NR = matrix_traits<matrix_multiply_exp>::NR;
+ const static long NC = matrix_traits<matrix_multiply_exp>::NC;
+ const static long cost = matrix_traits<matrix_multiply_exp>::cost;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix_multiply_exp>::layout_type layout_type;
+
+
+ const static bool lhs_is_costly = matrix_traits<matrix_multiply_exp>::lhs_is_costly;
+ const static bool rhs_is_costly = matrix_traits<matrix_multiply_exp>::rhs_is_costly;
+ const static bool either_is_costly = lhs_is_costly || rhs_is_costly;
+ const static bool both_are_costly = lhs_is_costly && rhs_is_costly;
+
+ typedef typename conditional_matrix_temp<const LHS,lhs_is_costly == false>::type LHS_ref_type;
+ typedef typename conditional_matrix_temp<const RHS,rhs_is_costly == false>::type RHS_ref_type;
+
+ // This constructor exists simply for the purpose of causing a compile time error if
+ // someone tries to create an instance of this object with the wrong kind of objects.
+ template <typename T1, typename T2>
+ matrix_multiply_exp (T1,T2);
+
+ inline matrix_multiply_exp (
+ const LHS& lhs_,
+ const RHS& rhs_
+ ) :
+ lhs(lhs_),
+ rhs(rhs_)
+ {
+ // You are trying to multiply two incompatible matrices together. The number of columns
+ // in the matrix on the left must match the number of rows in the matrix on the right.
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(LHS::NC == RHS::NR || LHS::NC*RHS::NR == 0);
+ DLIB_ASSERT(lhs.nc() == rhs.nr() && lhs.size() > 0 && rhs.size() > 0,
+ "\tconst matrix_exp operator*(const matrix_exp& lhs, const matrix_exp& rhs)"
+ << "\n\tYou are trying to multiply two incompatible matrices together"
+ << "\n\tlhs.nr(): " << lhs.nr()
+ << "\n\tlhs.nc(): " << lhs.nc()
+ << "\n\trhs.nr(): " << rhs.nr()
+ << "\n\trhs.nc(): " << rhs.nc()
+ << "\n\t&lhs: " << &lhs
+ << "\n\t&rhs: " << &rhs
+ );
+
+ // You can't multiply matrices together if they don't both contain the same type of elements.
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT((is_same_type<typename LHS::type, typename RHS::type>::value == true));
+ }
+
+ inline const type operator() (
+ const long r,
+ const long c
+ ) const
+ {
+ return matrix_multiply_helper<LHS,RHS>::eval(rhs,lhs,r,c);
+ }
+
+ inline const type operator() ( long i ) const
+ { return matrix_exp<matrix_multiply_exp>::operator()(i); }
+
+ long nr (
+ ) const { return lhs.nr(); }
+
+ long nc (
+ ) const { return rhs.nc(); }
+
+ template <typename U>
+ bool aliases (
+ const matrix_exp<U>& item
+ ) const { return lhs.aliases(item) || rhs.aliases(item); }
+
+ template <typename U>
+ bool destructively_aliases (
+ const matrix_exp<U>& item
+ ) const { return aliases(item); }
+
+ LHS_ref_type lhs;
+ RHS_ref_type rhs;
+ };
+
+ template < typename EXP1, typename EXP2 >
+ inline const matrix_multiply_exp<EXP1, EXP2> operator* (
+ const matrix_exp<EXP1>& m1,
+ const matrix_exp<EXP2>& m2
+ )
+ {
+ return matrix_multiply_exp<EXP1, EXP2>(m1.ref(), m2.ref());
+ }
+
+ template <typename M, bool use_reference = true>
+ class matrix_mul_scal_exp;
+
+ // -------------------------
+
+ // Now we declare some overloads that cause any scalar multiplications to percolate
+ // up and outside of any matrix multiplies. Note that we are using the non-reference containing
+ // mode of the matrix_mul_scal_exp object since we are passing in locally constructed matrix_multiply_exp
+ // objects. So the matrix_mul_scal_exp object will contain copies of matrix_multiply_exp objects
+ // rather than references to them. This could result in extra matrix copies if the matrix_multiply_exp
+ // decided it should evaluate any of its arguments. So we also try to not apply this percolating operation
+ // if the matrix_multiply_exp would contain a fully evaluated copy of the original matrix_mul_scal_exp
+ // expression.
+ //
+ // Also, the reason we want to apply this transformation in the first place is because it (1) makes
+ // the expressions going into matrix multiply expressions simpler and (2) it makes it a lot more
+ // straightforward to bind BLAS calls to matrix expressions involving scalar multiplies.
+ template < typename EXP1, typename EXP2 >
+ inline const typename disable_if_c< matrix_multiply_exp<matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP1>, matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP2> >::both_are_costly ,
+ matrix_mul_scal_exp<matrix_multiply_exp<EXP1, EXP2>,false> >::type operator* (
+ const matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP1>& m1,
+ const matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP2>& m2
+ )
+ {
+ typedef matrix_multiply_exp<EXP1, EXP2> exp1;
+ typedef matrix_mul_scal_exp<exp1,false> exp2;
+ return exp2(exp1(m1.m, m2.m), m1.s*m2.s);
+ }
+
+ template < typename EXP1, typename EXP2 >
+ inline const typename disable_if_c< matrix_multiply_exp<matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP1>, EXP2 >::lhs_is_costly ,
+ matrix_mul_scal_exp<matrix_multiply_exp<EXP1, EXP2>,false> >::type operator* (
+ const matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP1>& m1,
+ const matrix_exp<EXP2>& m2
+ )
+ {
+ typedef matrix_multiply_exp<EXP1, EXP2> exp1;
+ typedef matrix_mul_scal_exp<exp1,false> exp2;
+ return exp2(exp1(m1.m, m2.ref()), m1.s);
+ }
+
+ template < typename EXP1, typename EXP2 >
+ inline const typename disable_if_c< matrix_multiply_exp<EXP1, matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP2> >::rhs_is_costly ,
+ matrix_mul_scal_exp<matrix_multiply_exp<EXP1, EXP2>,false> >::type operator* (
+ const matrix_exp<EXP1>& m1,
+ const matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP2>& m2
+ )
+ {
+ typedef matrix_multiply_exp<EXP1, EXP2> exp1;
+ typedef matrix_mul_scal_exp<exp1,false> exp2;
+ return exp2(exp1(m1.ref(), m2.m), m2.s);
+ }
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ template <typename LHS, typename RHS>
+ class matrix_add_exp;
+
+ template <typename LHS, typename RHS>
+ struct matrix_traits<matrix_add_exp<LHS,RHS> >
+ {
+ typedef typename LHS::type type;
+ typedef typename LHS::type const_ret_type;
+ typedef typename LHS::mem_manager_type mem_manager_type;
+ typedef typename LHS::layout_type layout_type;
+ const static long NR = (RHS::NR > LHS::NR) ? RHS::NR : LHS::NR;
+ const static long NC = (RHS::NC > LHS::NC) ? RHS::NC : LHS::NC;
+ const static long cost = LHS::cost+RHS::cost+1;
+ };
+
+ template <
+ typename LHS,
+ typename RHS
+ >
+ class matrix_add_exp : public matrix_exp<matrix_add_exp<LHS,RHS> >
+ {
+ /*!
+ REQUIREMENTS ON LHS AND RHS
+ - must be matrix_exp objects.
+ !*/
+ public:
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix_add_exp>::type type;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix_add_exp>::const_ret_type const_ret_type;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix_add_exp>::mem_manager_type mem_manager_type;
+ const static long NR = matrix_traits<matrix_add_exp>::NR;
+ const static long NC = matrix_traits<matrix_add_exp>::NC;
+ const static long cost = matrix_traits<matrix_add_exp>::cost;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix_add_exp>::layout_type layout_type;
+
+ // This constructor exists simply for the purpose of causing a compile time error if
+ // someone tries to create an instance of this object with the wrong kind of objects.
+ template <typename T1, typename T2>
+ matrix_add_exp (T1,T2);
+
+ matrix_add_exp (
+ const LHS& lhs_,
+ const RHS& rhs_
+ ) :
+ lhs(lhs_),
+ rhs(rhs_)
+ {
+ // You can only add matrices together if they both have the same number of rows and columns.
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(LHS::NR == RHS::NR || LHS::NR == 0 || RHS::NR == 0);
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(LHS::NC == RHS::NC || LHS::NC == 0 || RHS::NC == 0);
+ DLIB_ASSERT(lhs.nc() == rhs.nc() &&
+ lhs.nr() == rhs.nr(),
+ "\tconst matrix_exp operator+(const matrix_exp& lhs, const matrix_exp& rhs)"
+ << "\n\tYou are trying to add two incompatible matrices together"
+ << "\n\tlhs.nr(): " << lhs.nr()
+ << "\n\tlhs.nc(): " << lhs.nc()
+ << "\n\trhs.nr(): " << rhs.nr()
+ << "\n\trhs.nc(): " << rhs.nc()
+ << "\n\t&lhs: " << &lhs
+ << "\n\t&rhs: " << &rhs
+ );
+
+ // You can only add matrices together if they both contain the same types of elements.
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT((is_same_type<typename LHS::type, typename RHS::type>::value == true));
+ }
+
+ const type operator() (
+ long r,
+ long c
+ ) const { return lhs(r,c) + rhs(r,c); }
+
+ inline const type operator() ( long i ) const
+ { return matrix_exp<matrix_add_exp>::operator()(i); }
+
+ template <typename U>
+ bool aliases (
+ const matrix_exp<U>& item
+ ) const { return lhs.aliases(item) || rhs.aliases(item); }
+
+ template <typename U>
+ bool destructively_aliases (
+ const matrix_exp<U>& item
+ ) const { return lhs.destructively_aliases(item) || rhs.destructively_aliases(item); }
+
+ long nr (
+ ) const { return lhs.nr(); }
+
+ long nc (
+ ) const { return lhs.nc(); }
+
+ const LHS& lhs;
+ const RHS& rhs;
+ };
+
+ template <
+ typename EXP1,
+ typename EXP2
+ >
+ inline const matrix_add_exp<EXP1, EXP2> operator+ (
+ const matrix_exp<EXP1>& m1,
+ const matrix_exp<EXP2>& m2
+ )
+ {
+ return matrix_add_exp<EXP1, EXP2>(m1.ref(),m2.ref());
+ }
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ template <typename LHS, typename RHS>
+ class matrix_subtract_exp;
+
+ template <typename LHS, typename RHS>
+ struct matrix_traits<matrix_subtract_exp<LHS,RHS> >
+ {
+ typedef typename LHS::type type;
+ typedef typename LHS::type const_ret_type;
+ typedef typename LHS::mem_manager_type mem_manager_type;
+ typedef typename LHS::layout_type layout_type;
+ const static long NR = (RHS::NR > LHS::NR) ? RHS::NR : LHS::NR;
+ const static long NC = (RHS::NC > LHS::NC) ? RHS::NC : LHS::NC;
+ const static long cost = LHS::cost+RHS::cost+1;
+ };
+
+ template <
+ typename LHS,
+ typename RHS
+ >
+ class matrix_subtract_exp : public matrix_exp<matrix_subtract_exp<LHS,RHS> >
+ {
+ /*!
+ REQUIREMENTS ON LHS AND RHS
+ - must be matrix_exp objects.
+ !*/
+ public:
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix_subtract_exp>::type type;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix_subtract_exp>::const_ret_type const_ret_type;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix_subtract_exp>::mem_manager_type mem_manager_type;
+ const static long NR = matrix_traits<matrix_subtract_exp>::NR;
+ const static long NC = matrix_traits<matrix_subtract_exp>::NC;
+ const static long cost = matrix_traits<matrix_subtract_exp>::cost;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix_subtract_exp>::layout_type layout_type;
+
+
+ // This constructor exists simply for the purpose of causing a compile time error if
+ // someone tries to create an instance of this object with the wrong kind of objects.
+ template <typename T1, typename T2>
+ matrix_subtract_exp (T1,T2);
+
+ matrix_subtract_exp (
+ const LHS& lhs_,
+ const RHS& rhs_
+ ) :
+ lhs(lhs_),
+ rhs(rhs_)
+ {
+ // You can only subtract one matrix from another if they both have the same number of rows and columns.
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(LHS::NR == RHS::NR || LHS::NR == 0 || RHS::NR == 0);
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(LHS::NC == RHS::NC || LHS::NC == 0 || RHS::NC == 0);
+ DLIB_ASSERT(lhs.nc() == rhs.nc() &&
+ lhs.nr() == rhs.nr(),
+ "\tconst matrix_exp operator-(const matrix_exp& lhs, const matrix_exp& rhs)"
+ << "\n\tYou are trying to subtract two incompatible matrices"
+ << "\n\tlhs.nr(): " << lhs.nr()
+ << "\n\tlhs.nc(): " << lhs.nc()
+ << "\n\trhs.nr(): " << rhs.nr()
+ << "\n\trhs.nc(): " << rhs.nc()
+ << "\n\t&lhs: " << &lhs
+ << "\n\t&rhs: " << &rhs
+ );
+
+ // You can only subtract one matrix from another if they both contain elements of the same type.
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT((is_same_type<typename LHS::type, typename RHS::type>::value == true));
+ }
+
+ const type operator() (
+ long r,
+ long c
+ ) const { return lhs(r,c) - rhs(r,c); }
+
+ inline const type operator() ( long i ) const
+ { return matrix_exp<matrix_subtract_exp>::operator()(i); }
+
+ template <typename U>
+ bool aliases (
+ const matrix_exp<U>& item
+ ) const { return lhs.aliases(item) || rhs.aliases(item); }
+
+ template <typename U>
+ bool destructively_aliases (
+ const matrix_exp<U>& item
+ ) const { return lhs.destructively_aliases(item) || rhs.destructively_aliases(item); }
+
+ long nr (
+ ) const { return lhs.nr(); }
+
+ long nc (
+ ) const { return lhs.nc(); }
+
+ const LHS& lhs;
+ const RHS& rhs;
+ };
+
+ template <
+ typename EXP1,
+ typename EXP2
+ >
+ inline const matrix_subtract_exp<EXP1, EXP2> operator- (
+ const matrix_exp<EXP1>& m1,
+ const matrix_exp<EXP2>& m2
+ )
+ {
+ return matrix_subtract_exp<EXP1, EXP2>(m1.ref(),m2.ref());
+ }
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ template <typename M>
+ class matrix_div_scal_exp;
+
+ template <typename M>
+ struct matrix_traits<matrix_div_scal_exp<M> >
+ {
+ typedef typename M::type type;
+ typedef typename M::type const_ret_type;
+ typedef typename M::mem_manager_type mem_manager_type;
+ typedef typename M::layout_type layout_type;
+ const static long NR = M::NR;
+ const static long NC = M::NC;
+ const static long cost = M::cost+1;
+ };
+
+ template <
+ typename M
+ >
+ class matrix_div_scal_exp : public matrix_exp<matrix_div_scal_exp<M> >
+ {
+ /*!
+ REQUIREMENTS ON M
+ - must be a matrix_exp object.
+ !*/
+ public:
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix_div_scal_exp>::type type;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix_div_scal_exp>::const_ret_type const_ret_type;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix_div_scal_exp>::mem_manager_type mem_manager_type;
+ const static long NR = matrix_traits<matrix_div_scal_exp>::NR;
+ const static long NC = matrix_traits<matrix_div_scal_exp>::NC;
+ const static long cost = matrix_traits<matrix_div_scal_exp>::cost;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix_div_scal_exp>::layout_type layout_type;
+
+
+ // This constructor exists simply for the purpose of causing a compile time error if
+ // someone tries to create an instance of this object with the wrong kind of objects.
+ template <typename T1>
+ matrix_div_scal_exp (T1, const type&);
+
+ matrix_div_scal_exp (
+ const M& m_,
+ const type& s_
+ ) :
+ m(m_),
+ s(s_)
+ {}
+
+ const type operator() (
+ long r,
+ long c
+ ) const { return m(r,c)/s; }
+
+ inline const type operator() ( long i ) const
+ { return matrix_exp<matrix_div_scal_exp>::operator()(i); }
+
+ template <typename U>
+ bool aliases (
+ const matrix_exp<U>& item
+ ) const { return m.aliases(item); }
+
+ template <typename U>
+ bool destructively_aliases (
+ const matrix_exp<U>& item
+ ) const { return m.destructively_aliases(item); }
+
+ long nr (
+ ) const { return m.nr(); }
+
+ long nc (
+ ) const { return m.nc(); }
+
+ const M& m;
+ const type s;
+ };
+
+ template <
+ typename EXP,
+ typename S
+ >
+ inline const typename enable_if_c<std::numeric_limits<typename EXP::type>::is_integer, matrix_div_scal_exp<EXP> >::type operator/ (
+ const matrix_exp<EXP>& m,
+ const S& s
+ )
+ {
+ return matrix_div_scal_exp<EXP>(m.ref(),static_cast<typename EXP::type>(s));
+ }
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ template <typename M, bool use_reference >
+ struct matrix_traits<matrix_mul_scal_exp<M,use_reference> >
+ {
+ typedef typename M::type type;
+ typedef typename M::type const_ret_type;
+ typedef typename M::mem_manager_type mem_manager_type;
+ typedef typename M::layout_type layout_type;
+ const static long NR = M::NR;
+ const static long NC = M::NC;
+ const static long cost = M::cost+1;
+ };
+
+ template <typename T, bool is_ref> struct conditional_reference { typedef T type; };
+ template <typename T> struct conditional_reference<T,true> { typedef T& type; };
+
+
+ template <
+ typename M,
+ bool use_reference
+ >
+ class matrix_mul_scal_exp : public matrix_exp<matrix_mul_scal_exp<M,use_reference> >
+ {
+ /*!
+ REQUIREMENTS ON M
+ - must be a matrix_exp object.
+
+ !*/
+ public:
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix_mul_scal_exp>::type type;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix_mul_scal_exp>::const_ret_type const_ret_type;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix_mul_scal_exp>::mem_manager_type mem_manager_type;
+ const static long NR = matrix_traits<matrix_mul_scal_exp>::NR;
+ const static long NC = matrix_traits<matrix_mul_scal_exp>::NC;
+ const static long cost = matrix_traits<matrix_mul_scal_exp>::cost;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix_mul_scal_exp>::layout_type layout_type;
+
+ // You aren't allowed to multiply a matrix of matrices by a scalar.
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(is_matrix<type>::value == false);
+
+ // This constructor exists simply for the purpose of causing a compile time error if
+ // someone tries to create an instance of this object with the wrong kind of objects.
+ template <typename T1>
+ matrix_mul_scal_exp (T1, const type&);
+
+ matrix_mul_scal_exp (
+ const M& m_,
+ const type& s_
+ ) :
+ m(m_),
+ s(s_)
+ {}
+
+ const type operator() (
+ long r,
+ long c
+ ) const { return m(r,c)*s; }
+
+ inline const type operator() ( long i ) const
+ { return matrix_exp<matrix_mul_scal_exp>::operator()(i); }
+
+ template <typename U>
+ bool aliases (
+ const matrix_exp<U>& item
+ ) const { return m.aliases(item); }
+
+ template <typename U>
+ bool destructively_aliases (
+ const matrix_exp<U>& item
+ ) const { return m.destructively_aliases(item); }
+
+ long nr (
+ ) const { return m.nr(); }
+
+ long nc (
+ ) const { return m.nc(); }
+
+ typedef typename conditional_reference<const M,use_reference>::type M_ref_type;
+
+ M_ref_type m;
+ const type s;
+ };
+
+ template <
+ typename EXP,
+ typename S
+ >
+ inline typename disable_if<is_matrix<S>, const matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP> >::type operator* (
+ const matrix_exp<EXP>& m,
+ const S& s
+ )
+ {
+ typedef typename EXP::type type;
+ return matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP>(m.ref(),static_cast<type>(s));
+ }
+
+ template <
+ typename EXP,
+ typename S,
+ bool B
+ >
+ inline typename disable_if<is_matrix<S>, const matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP> >::type operator* (
+ const matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP,B>& m,
+ const S& s
+ )
+ {
+ typedef typename EXP::type type;
+ return matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP>(m.m,static_cast<type>(s)*m.s);
+ }
+
+ template <
+ typename EXP,
+ typename S
+ >
+ inline typename disable_if<is_matrix<S>, const matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP> >::type operator* (
+ const S& s,
+ const matrix_exp<EXP>& m
+ )
+ {
+ typedef typename EXP::type type;
+ return matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP>(m.ref(),static_cast<type>(s));
+ }
+
+ template <
+ typename EXP,
+ typename S,
+ bool B
+ >
+ inline typename disable_if<is_matrix<S>, const matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP> >::type operator* (
+ const S& s,
+ const matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP,B>& m
+ )
+ {
+ typedef typename EXP::type type;
+ return matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP>(m.m,static_cast<type>(s)*m.s);
+ }
+
+ template <
+ typename EXP ,
+ typename S
+ >
+ inline const typename disable_if_c<std::numeric_limits<typename EXP::type>::is_integer, matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP> >::type operator/ (
+ const matrix_exp<EXP>& m,
+ const S& s
+ )
+ {
+ typedef typename EXP::type type;
+ const type one = 1;
+ return matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP>(m.ref(),one/static_cast<type>(s));
+ }
+
+ template <
+ typename EXP,
+ bool B,
+ typename S
+ >
+ inline const typename disable_if_c<std::numeric_limits<typename EXP::type>::is_integer, matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP> >::type operator/ (
+ const matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP,B>& m,
+ const S& s
+ )
+ {
+ typedef typename EXP::type type;
+ return matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP>(m.m,m.s/static_cast<type>(s));
+ }
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ template <typename M>
+ struct op_s_div_m : basic_op_m<M>
+ {
+ typedef typename M::type type;
+
+ op_s_div_m( const M& m_, const type& s_) : basic_op_m<M>(m_), s(s_){}
+
+ const type s;
+
+ const static long cost = M::cost+1;
+ typedef const typename M::type const_ret_type;
+ const_ret_type apply (long r, long c) const
+ {
+ return s/this->m(r,c);
+ }
+ };
+
+ template <
+ typename EXP,
+ typename S
+ >
+ const typename disable_if<is_matrix<S>, matrix_op<op_s_div_m<EXP> > >::type operator/ (
+ const S& val,
+ const matrix_exp<EXP>& m
+ )
+ {
+ typedef typename EXP::type type;
+
+ typedef op_s_div_m<EXP> op;
+ return matrix_op<op>(op(m.ref(), static_cast<type>(val)));
+ }
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ template <
+ typename EXP
+ >
+ inline const matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP> operator- (
+ const matrix_exp<EXP>& m
+ )
+ {
+ return matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP>(m.ref(),-1);
+ }
+
+ template <
+ typename EXP,
+ bool B
+ >
+ inline const matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP> operator- (
+ const matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP,B>& m
+ )
+ {
+ return matrix_mul_scal_exp<EXP>(m.m,-1*m.s);
+ }
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ template <typename M>
+ struct op_add_scalar : basic_op_m<M>
+ {
+ typedef typename M::type type;
+
+ op_add_scalar( const M& m_, const type& s_) : basic_op_m<M>(m_), s(s_){}
+
+ const type s;
+
+ const static long cost = M::cost+1;
+ typedef const typename M::type const_ret_type;
+ const_ret_type apply (long r, long c) const
+ {
+ return this->m(r,c) + s;
+ }
+ };
+
+ template <
+ typename EXP,
+ typename T
+ >
+ const typename disable_if<is_matrix<T>, matrix_op<op_add_scalar<EXP> > >::type operator+ (
+ const matrix_exp<EXP>& m,
+ const T& val
+ )
+ {
+ typedef typename EXP::type type;
+
+ typedef op_add_scalar<EXP> op;
+ return matrix_op<op>(op(m.ref(), static_cast<type>(val)));
+ }
+
+ template <
+ typename EXP,
+ typename T
+ >
+ const typename disable_if<is_matrix<T>, matrix_op<op_add_scalar<EXP> > >::type operator+ (
+ const T& val,
+ const matrix_exp<EXP>& m
+ )
+ {
+ typedef typename EXP::type type;
+
+ typedef op_add_scalar<EXP> op;
+ return matrix_op<op>(op(m.ref(), static_cast<type>(val)));
+ }
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ template <typename M>
+ struct op_subl_scalar : basic_op_m<M>
+ {
+ typedef typename M::type type;
+
+ op_subl_scalar( const M& m_, const type& s_) : basic_op_m<M>(m_), s(s_){}
+
+ const type s;
+
+ const static long cost = M::cost+1;
+ typedef const typename M::type const_ret_type;
+ const_ret_type apply (long r, long c) const
+ {
+ return s - this->m(r,c) ;
+ }
+ };
+
+ template <
+ typename EXP,
+ typename T
+ >
+ const typename disable_if<is_matrix<T>, matrix_op<op_subl_scalar<EXP> > >::type operator- (
+ const T& val,
+ const matrix_exp<EXP>& m
+ )
+ {
+ typedef typename EXP::type type;
+
+ typedef op_subl_scalar<EXP> op;
+ return matrix_op<op>(op(m.ref(), static_cast<type>(val)));
+ }
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ template <typename M>
+ struct op_subr_scalar : basic_op_m<M>
+ {
+ typedef typename M::type type;
+
+ op_subr_scalar( const M& m_, const type& s_) : basic_op_m<M>(m_), s(s_){}
+
+ const type s;
+
+ const static long cost = M::cost+1;
+ typedef const typename M::type const_ret_type;
+ const_ret_type apply (long r, long c) const
+ {
+ return this->m(r,c) - s;
+ }
+ };
+
+ template <
+ typename EXP,
+ typename T
+ >
+ const typename disable_if<is_matrix<T>, matrix_op<op_subr_scalar<EXP> > >::type operator- (
+ const matrix_exp<EXP>& m,
+ const T& val
+ )
+ {
+ typedef typename EXP::type type;
+
+ typedef op_subr_scalar<EXP> op;
+ return matrix_op<op>(op(m.ref(), static_cast<type>(val)));
+ }
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ template <
+ typename EXP1,
+ typename EXP2
+ >
+ bool operator== (
+ const matrix_exp<EXP1>& m1,
+ const matrix_exp<EXP2>& m2
+ )
+ {
+ if (m1.nr() == m2.nr() && m1.nc() == m2.nc())
+ {
+ for (long r = 0; r < m1.nr(); ++r)
+ {
+ for (long c = 0; c < m1.nc(); ++c)
+ {
+ if (m1(r,c) != m2(r,c))
+ return false;
+ }
+ }
+ return true;
+ }
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ template <
+ typename EXP1,
+ typename EXP2
+ >
+ inline bool operator!= (
+ const matrix_exp<EXP1>& m1,
+ const matrix_exp<EXP2>& m2
+ ) { return !(m1 == m2); }
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ template <typename T>
+ struct op_pointer_to_mat;
+ template <typename T>
+ struct op_pointer_to_col_vect;
+
+ template <
+ typename T,
+ long num_rows,
+ long num_cols,
+ typename mem_manager,
+ typename layout
+ >
+ struct matrix_traits<matrix<T,num_rows, num_cols, mem_manager, layout> >
+ {
+ typedef T type;
+ typedef const T& const_ret_type;
+ typedef mem_manager mem_manager_type;
+ typedef layout layout_type;
+ const static long NR = num_rows;
+ const static long NC = num_cols;
+ const static long cost = 1;
+
+ };
+
+ template <
+ typename T,
+ long num_rows,
+ long num_cols,
+ typename mem_manager,
+ typename layout
+ >
+ class matrix : public matrix_exp<matrix<T,num_rows,num_cols, mem_manager,layout> >
+ {
+
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(num_rows >= 0 && num_cols >= 0);
+
+ public:
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix>::type type;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix>::const_ret_type const_ret_type;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix>::mem_manager_type mem_manager_type;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<matrix>::layout_type layout_type;
+ const static long NR = matrix_traits<matrix>::NR;
+ const static long NC = matrix_traits<matrix>::NC;
+ const static long cost = matrix_traits<matrix>::cost;
+ typedef T* iterator;
+ typedef const T* const_iterator;
+
+ matrix ()
+ {
+ }
+
+ explicit matrix (
+ long length
+ )
+ {
+ // This object you are trying to call matrix(length) on is not a column or
+ // row vector.
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(NR == 1 || NC == 1);
+ DLIB_ASSERT( length >= 0,
+ "\tmatrix::matrix(length)"
+ << "\n\tlength must be at least 0"
+ << "\n\tlength: " << length
+ << "\n\tNR: " << NR
+ << "\n\tNC: " << NC
+ << "\n\tthis: " << this
+ );
+
+ if (NR == 1)
+ {
+ DLIB_ASSERT(NC == 0 || NC == length,
+ "\tmatrix::matrix(length)"
+ << "\n\tSince this is a statically sized matrix length must equal NC"
+ << "\n\tlength: " << length
+ << "\n\tNR: " << NR
+ << "\n\tNC: " << NC
+ << "\n\tthis: " << this
+ );
+
+ data.set_size(1,length);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ DLIB_ASSERT(NR == 0 || NR == length,
+ "\tvoid matrix::set_size(length)"
+ << "\n\tSince this is a statically sized matrix length must equal NR"
+ << "\n\tlength: " << length
+ << "\n\tNR: " << NR
+ << "\n\tNC: " << NC
+ << "\n\tthis: " << this
+ );
+
+ data.set_size(length,1);
+ }
+ }
+
+ matrix (
+ long rows,
+ long cols
+ )
+ {
+ DLIB_ASSERT( (NR == 0 || NR == rows) && ( NC == 0 || NC == cols) &&
+ rows >= 0 && cols >= 0,
+ "\tvoid matrix::matrix(rows, cols)"
+ << "\n\tYou have supplied conflicting matrix dimensions"
+ << "\n\trows: " << rows
+ << "\n\tcols: " << cols
+ << "\n\tNR: " << NR
+ << "\n\tNC: " << NC
+ );
+ data.set_size(rows,cols);
+ }
+
+ template <typename EXP>
+ matrix (
+ const matrix_exp<EXP>& m
+ )
+ {
+ // You get an error on this line if the matrix m contains a type that isn't
+ // the same as the type contained in the target matrix.
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT((is_same_type<typename EXP::type,type>::value == true) ||
+ (is_matrix<typename EXP::type>::value == true));
+
+ // The matrix you are trying to assign m to is a statically sized matrix and
+ // m's dimensions don't match that of *this.
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(EXP::NR == NR || NR == 0 || EXP::NR == 0);
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(EXP::NC == NC || NC == 0 || EXP::NC == 0);
+ DLIB_ASSERT((NR == 0 || NR == m.nr()) && (NC == 0 || NC == m.nc()),
+ "\tmatrix& matrix::matrix(const matrix_exp& m)"
+ << "\n\tYou are trying to assign a dynamically sized matrix to a statically sized matrix with the wrong size"
+ << "\n\tNR: " << NR
+ << "\n\tNC: " << NC
+ << "\n\tm.nr(): " << m.nr()
+ << "\n\tm.nc(): " << m.nc()
+ << "\n\tthis: " << this
+ );
+
+ data.set_size(m.nr(),m.nc());
+
+ matrix_assign(*this, m);
+ }
+
+ matrix (
+ const matrix& m
+ ) : matrix_exp<matrix>(*this)
+ {
+ data.set_size(m.nr(),m.nc());
+ matrix_assign(*this, m);
+ }
+
+#ifdef DLIB_HAS_INITIALIZER_LISTS
+ matrix(const std::initializer_list<T>& l)
+ {
+ if (NR*NC != 0)
+ {
+ DLIB_ASSERT(l.size() == NR*NC,
+ "\t matrix::matrix(const std::initializer_list& l)"
+ << "\n\t You are trying to initialize a statically sized matrix with a list that doesn't have a matching size."
+ << "\n\t l.size(): "<< l.size()
+ << "\n\t NR*NC: "<< NR*NC);
+
+ data.set_size(NR, NC);
+ }
+ else if (NR!=0)
+ {
+ DLIB_ASSERT(l.size()%NR == 0,
+ "\t matrix::matrix(const std::initializer_list& l)"
+ << "\n\t You are trying to initialize a statically sized matrix with a list that doesn't have a compatible size."
+ << "\n\t l.size(): "<< l.size()
+ << "\n\t NR: "<< NR);
+
+ if (l.size() != 0)
+ data.set_size(NR, l.size()/NR);
+ }
+ else if (NC!=0)
+ {
+ DLIB_ASSERT(l.size()%NC == 0,
+ "\t matrix::matrix(const std::initializer_list& l)"
+ << "\n\t You are trying to initialize a statically sized matrix with a list that doesn't have a compatible size."
+ << "\n\t l.size(): "<< l.size()
+ << "\n\t NC: "<< NC);
+
+ if (l.size() != 0)
+ data.set_size(l.size()/NC, NC);
+ }
+ else if (l.size() != 0)
+ {
+ data.set_size(l.size(),1);
+ }
+
+ if (l.size() != 0)
+ {
+ T* d = &data(0,0);
+ for (auto&& v : l)
+ *d++ = v;
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ matrix& operator=(const std::initializer_list<T>& l)
+ {
+ matrix temp(l);
+ temp.swap(*this);
+ return *this;
+ }
+#endif // DLIB_HAS_INITIALIZER_LISTS
+
+#ifdef DLIB_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+ matrix(matrix&& item)
+ {
+ #ifdef MATLAB_MEX_FILE
+ // You can't move memory around when compiled in a matlab mex file and the
+ // different locations have different ownership settings.
+ if (data._private_is_owned_by_matlab() == item.data._private_is_owned_by_matlab())
+ {
+ swap(item);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ data.set_size(item.nr(),item.nc());
+ matrix_assign(*this, item);
+ }
+ #else
+ swap(item);
+ #endif
+ }
+
+ matrix& operator= (
+ matrix&& rhs
+ )
+ {
+ #ifdef MATLAB_MEX_FILE
+ // You can't move memory around when compiled in a matlab mex file and the
+ // different locations have different ownership settings.
+ if (data._private_is_owned_by_matlab() == rhs.data._private_is_owned_by_matlab())
+ {
+ swap(rhs);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ data.set_size(rhs.nr(),rhs.nc());
+ matrix_assign(*this, rhs);
+ }
+ #else
+ swap(rhs);
+ #endif
+ return *this;
+ }
+#endif // DLIB_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+
+ template <typename U, size_t len>
+ explicit matrix (
+ U (&array)[len]
+ )
+ {
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(NR*NC == len && len > 0);
+ size_t idx = 0;
+ for (long r = 0; r < NR; ++r)
+ {
+ for (long c = 0; c < NC; ++c)
+ {
+ data(r,c) = static_cast<T>(array[idx]);
+ ++idx;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ T& operator() (
+ long r,
+ long c
+ )
+ {
+ DLIB_ASSERT(r < nr() && c < nc() &&
+ r >= 0 && c >= 0,
+ "\tT& matrix::operator(r,c)"
+ << "\n\tYou must give a valid row and column"
+ << "\n\tr: " << r
+ << "\n\tc: " << c
+ << "\n\tnr(): " << nr()
+ << "\n\tnc(): " << nc()
+ << "\n\tthis: " << this
+ );
+ return data(r,c);
+ }
+
+ const T& operator() (
+ long r,
+ long c
+ ) const
+ {
+ DLIB_ASSERT(r < nr() && c < nc() &&
+ r >= 0 && c >= 0,
+ "\tconst T& matrix::operator(r,c)"
+ << "\n\tYou must give a valid row and column"
+ << "\n\tr: " << r
+ << "\n\tc: " << c
+ << "\n\tnr(): " << nr()
+ << "\n\tnc(): " << nc()
+ << "\n\tthis: " << this
+ );
+ return data(r,c);
+ }
+
+ T& operator() (
+ long i
+ )
+ {
+ // You can only use this operator on column vectors.
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(NC == 1 || NC == 0 || NR == 1 || NR == 0);
+ DLIB_ASSERT(nc() == 1 || nr() == 1,
+ "\tconst type matrix::operator(i)"
+ << "\n\tYou can only use this operator on column or row vectors"
+ << "\n\ti: " << i
+ << "\n\tnr(): " << nr()
+ << "\n\tnc(): " << nc()
+ << "\n\tthis: " << this
+ );
+ DLIB_ASSERT( 0 <= i && i < size(),
+ "\tconst type matrix::operator(i)"
+ << "\n\tYou must give a valid row/column number"
+ << "\n\ti: " << i
+ << "\n\tsize(): " << size()
+ << "\n\tthis: " << this
+ );
+ return data(i);
+ }
+
+ const T& operator() (
+ long i
+ ) const
+ {
+ // You can only use this operator on column vectors.
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(NC == 1 || NC == 0 || NR == 1 || NR == 0);
+ DLIB_ASSERT(nc() == 1 || nr() == 1,
+ "\tconst type matrix::operator(i)"
+ << "\n\tYou can only use this operator on column or row vectors"
+ << "\n\ti: " << i
+ << "\n\tnr(): " << nr()
+ << "\n\tnc(): " << nc()
+ << "\n\tthis: " << this
+ );
+ DLIB_ASSERT( 0 <= i && i < size(),
+ "\tconst type matrix::operator(i)"
+ << "\n\tYou must give a valid row/column number"
+ << "\n\ti: " << i
+ << "\n\tsize(): " << size()
+ << "\n\tthis: " << this
+ );
+ return data(i);
+ }
+
+ inline operator const type (
+ ) const
+ {
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(NC == 1 || NC == 0);
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(NR == 1 || NR == 0);
+ DLIB_ASSERT( nr() == 1 && nc() == 1 ,
+ "\tmatrix::operator const type"
+ << "\n\tYou can only attempt to implicit convert a matrix to a scalar if"
+ << "\n\tthe matrix is a 1x1 matrix"
+ << "\n\tnr(): " << nr()
+ << "\n\tnc(): " << nc()
+ << "\n\tthis: " << this
+ );
+ return data(0);
+ }
+
+#ifdef MATLAB_MEX_FILE
+ void _private_set_mxArray(
+ mxArray* mem
+ )
+ {
+ data._private_set_mxArray(mem);
+ }
+
+ mxArray* _private_release_mxArray(
+ )
+ {
+ return data._private_release_mxArray();
+ }
+
+ void _private_mark_owned_by_matlab()
+ {
+ data._private_mark_owned_by_matlab();
+ }
+
+ bool _private_is_owned_by_matlab()
+ {
+ return data._private_is_owned_by_matlab();
+ }
+#endif
+
+ void set_size (
+ long rows,
+ long cols
+ )
+ {
+ DLIB_ASSERT( (NR == 0 || NR == rows) && ( NC == 0 || NC == cols) &&
+ rows >= 0 && cols >= 0,
+ "\tvoid matrix::set_size(rows, cols)"
+ << "\n\tYou have supplied conflicting matrix dimensions"
+ << "\n\trows: " << rows
+ << "\n\tcols: " << cols
+ << "\n\tNR: " << NR
+ << "\n\tNC: " << NC
+ << "\n\tthis: " << this
+ );
+ if (nr() != rows || nc() != cols)
+ data.set_size(rows,cols);
+ }
+
+ void set_size (
+ long length
+ )
+ {
+ // This object you are trying to call set_size(length) on is not a column or
+ // row vector.
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(NR == 1 || NC == 1);
+ DLIB_ASSERT( length >= 0,
+ "\tvoid matrix::set_size(length)"
+ << "\n\tlength must be at least 0"
+ << "\n\tlength: " << length
+ << "\n\tNR: " << NR
+ << "\n\tNC: " << NC
+ << "\n\tthis: " << this
+ );
+
+ if (NR == 1)
+ {
+ DLIB_ASSERT(NC == 0 || NC == length,
+ "\tvoid matrix::set_size(length)"
+ << "\n\tSince this is a statically sized matrix length must equal NC"
+ << "\n\tlength: " << length
+ << "\n\tNR: " << NR
+ << "\n\tNC: " << NC
+ << "\n\tthis: " << this
+ );
+
+ if (nc() != length)
+ data.set_size(1,length);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ DLIB_ASSERT(NR == 0 || NR == length,
+ "\tvoid matrix::set_size(length)"
+ << "\n\tSince this is a statically sized matrix length must equal NR"
+ << "\n\tlength: " << length
+ << "\n\tNR: " << NR
+ << "\n\tNC: " << NC
+ << "\n\tthis: " << this
+ );
+
+ if (nr() != length)
+ data.set_size(length,1);
+ }
+ }
+
+ long nr (
+ ) const { return data.nr(); }
+
+ long nc (
+ ) const { return data.nc(); }
+
+ long size (
+ ) const { return data.nr()*data.nc(); }
+
+ template <typename U, size_t len>
+ matrix& operator= (
+ U (&array)[len]
+ )
+ {
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(NR*NC == len && len > 0);
+ size_t idx = 0;
+ for (long r = 0; r < NR; ++r)
+ {
+ for (long c = 0; c < NC; ++c)
+ {
+ data(r,c) = static_cast<T>(array[idx]);
+ ++idx;
+ }
+ }
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ template <typename EXP>
+ matrix& operator= (
+ const matrix_exp<EXP>& m
+ )
+ {
+ // You get an error on this line if the matrix you are trying to
+ // assign m to is a statically sized matrix and m's dimensions don't
+ // match that of *this.
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(EXP::NR == NR || NR == 0 || EXP::NR == 0);
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(EXP::NC == NC || NC == 0 || EXP::NC == 0);
+ DLIB_ASSERT((NR == 0 || nr() == m.nr()) &&
+ (NC == 0 || nc() == m.nc()),
+ "\tmatrix& matrix::operator=(const matrix_exp& m)"
+ << "\n\tYou are trying to assign a dynamically sized matrix to a statically sized matrix with the wrong size"
+ << "\n\tnr(): " << nr()
+ << "\n\tnc(): " << nc()
+ << "\n\tm.nr(): " << m.nr()
+ << "\n\tm.nc(): " << m.nc()
+ << "\n\tthis: " << this
+ );
+
+ // You get an error on this line if the matrix m contains a type that isn't
+ // the same as the type contained in the target matrix.
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT((is_same_type<typename EXP::type,type>::value == true) ||
+ (is_matrix<typename EXP::type>::value == true));
+ if (m.destructively_aliases(*this) == false)
+ {
+ // This if statement is seemingly unnecessary since set_size() contains this
+ // exact same if statement. However, structuring the code this way causes
+ // gcc to handle the way it inlines this function in a much more favorable way.
+ if (data.nr() == m.nr() && data.nc() == m.nc())
+ {
+ matrix_assign(*this, m);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ set_size(m.nr(),m.nc());
+ matrix_assign(*this, m);
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ // we have to use a temporary matrix object here because
+ // *this is aliased inside the matrix_exp m somewhere.
+ matrix temp;
+ temp.set_size(m.nr(),m.nc());
+ matrix_assign(temp, m);
+ temp.swap(*this);
+ }
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ template <typename EXP>
+ matrix& operator += (
+ const matrix_exp<EXP>& m
+ )
+ {
+ // The matrix you are trying to assign m to is a statically sized matrix and
+ // m's dimensions don't match that of *this.
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(EXP::NR == NR || NR == 0 || EXP::NR == 0);
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(EXP::NC == NC || NC == 0 || EXP::NC == 0);
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT((is_same_type<typename EXP::type,type>::value == true));
+ if (nr() == m.nr() && nc() == m.nc())
+ {
+ if (m.destructively_aliases(*this) == false)
+ {
+ matrix_assign(*this, *this + m);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ // we have to use a temporary matrix object here because
+ // this->data is aliased inside the matrix_exp m somewhere.
+ matrix temp;
+ temp.set_size(m.nr(),m.nc());
+ matrix_assign(temp, *this + m);
+ temp.swap(*this);
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ DLIB_ASSERT(size() == 0,
+ "\t const matrix::operator+=(m)"
+ << "\n\t You are trying to add two matrices that have incompatible dimensions.");
+ *this = m;
+ }
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+
+ template <typename EXP>
+ matrix& operator -= (
+ const matrix_exp<EXP>& m
+ )
+ {
+ // The matrix you are trying to assign m to is a statically sized matrix and
+ // m's dimensions don't match that of *this.
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(EXP::NR == NR || NR == 0 || EXP::NR == 0);
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(EXP::NC == NC || NC == 0 || EXP::NC == 0);
+ COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT((is_same_type<typename EXP::type,type>::value == true));
+ if (nr() == m.nr() && nc() == m.nc())
+ {
+ if (m.destructively_aliases(*this) == false)
+ {
+ matrix_assign(*this, *this - m);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ // we have to use a temporary matrix object here because
+ // this->data is aliased inside the matrix_exp m somewhere.
+ matrix temp;
+ temp.set_size(m.nr(),m.nc());
+ matrix_assign(temp, *this - m);
+ temp.swap(*this);
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ DLIB_ASSERT(size() == 0,
+ "\t const matrix::operator-=(m)"
+ << "\n\t You are trying to subtract two matrices that have incompatible dimensions.");
+ *this = -m;
+ }
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ template <typename EXP>
+ matrix& operator *= (
+ const matrix_exp<EXP>& m
+ )
+ {
+ *this = *this * m;
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ matrix& operator += (
+ const matrix& m
+ )
+ {
+ const long size = m.nr()*m.nc();
+ if (nr() == m.nr() && nc() == m.nc())
+ {
+ for (long i = 0; i < size; ++i)
+ data(i) += m.data(i);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ DLIB_ASSERT(this->size() == 0,
+ "\t const matrix::operator+=(m)"
+ << "\n\t You are trying to add two matrices that have incompatible dimensions.");
+
+ set_size(m.nr(), m.nc());
+ for (long i = 0; i < size; ++i)
+ data(i) = m.data(i);
+ }
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ matrix& operator -= (
+ const matrix& m
+ )
+ {
+ const long size = m.nr()*m.nc();
+ if (nr() == m.nr() && nc() == m.nc())
+ {
+ for (long i = 0; i < size; ++i)
+ data(i) -= m.data(i);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ DLIB_ASSERT(this->size() == 0,
+ "\t const matrix::operator-=(m)"
+ << "\n\t You are trying to subtract two matrices that have incompatible dimensions.");
+ set_size(m.nr(), m.nc());
+ for (long i = 0; i < size; ++i)
+ data(i) = -m.data(i);
+ }
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ matrix& operator += (
+ const T val
+ )
+ {
+ const long size = nr()*nc();
+ for (long i = 0; i < size; ++i)
+ data(i) += val;
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ matrix& operator -= (
+ const T val
+ )
+ {
+ const long size = nr()*nc();
+ for (long i = 0; i < size; ++i)
+ data(i) -= val;
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ matrix& operator *= (
+ const T a
+ )
+ {
+ *this = *this * a;
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ matrix& operator /= (
+ const T a
+ )
+ {
+ *this = *this / a;
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ matrix& operator= (
+ const matrix& m
+ )
+ {
+ if (this != &m)
+ {
+ set_size(m.nr(),m.nc());
+ const long size = m.nr()*m.nc();
+ for (long i = 0; i < size; ++i)
+ data(i) = m.data(i);
+ }
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ void swap (
+ matrix& item
+ )
+ {
+ data.swap(item.data);
+ }
+
+ template <typename U>
+ bool aliases (
+ const matrix_exp<U>&
+ ) const { return false; }
+
+ bool aliases (
+ const matrix_exp<matrix<T,num_rows,num_cols, mem_manager,layout> >& item
+ ) const { return (this == &item); }
+
+ template <typename U>
+ bool destructively_aliases (
+ const matrix_exp<U>&
+ ) const { return false; }
+
+ // These two aliases() routines are defined in matrix_mat.h
+ bool aliases (
+ const matrix_exp<matrix_op<op_pointer_to_mat<T> > >& item
+ ) const;
+ bool aliases (
+ const matrix_exp<matrix_op<op_pointer_to_col_vect<T> > >& item
+ ) const;
+
+ iterator begin()
+ {
+ if (size() != 0)
+ return &data(0,0);
+ else
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ iterator end()
+ {
+ if (size() != 0)
+ return &data(0,0)+size();
+ else
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ const_iterator begin() const
+ {
+ if (size() != 0)
+ return &data(0,0);
+ else
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ const_iterator end() const
+ {
+ if (size() != 0)
+ return &data(0,0)+size();
+ else
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ private:
+ struct literal_assign_helper
+ {
+ /*
+ This struct is a helper struct returned by the operator<<() function below. It is
+ used primarily to enable us to put DLIB_CASSERT statements on the usage of the
+ operator<< form of matrix assignment.
+ */
+
+ literal_assign_helper(const literal_assign_helper& item) : m(item.m), r(item.r), c(item.c), has_been_used(false) {}
+ explicit literal_assign_helper(matrix* m_): m(m_), r(0), c(0),has_been_used(false) {next();}
+ ~literal_assign_helper() noexcept(false)
+ {
+ DLIB_CASSERT(!has_been_used || r == m->nr(),
+ "You have used the matrix comma based assignment incorrectly by failing to\n"
+ "supply a full set of values for every element of a matrix object.\n");
+ }
+
+ const literal_assign_helper& operator, (
+ const T& val
+ ) const
+ {
+ DLIB_CASSERT(r < m->nr() && c < m->nc(),
+ "You have used the matrix comma based assignment incorrectly by attempting to\n" <<
+ "supply more values than there are elements in the matrix object being assigned to.\n\n" <<
+ "Did you forget to call set_size()?"
+ << "\n\t r: " << r
+ << "\n\t c: " << c
+ << "\n\t m->nr(): " << m->nr()
+ << "\n\t m->nc(): " << m->nc());
+ (*m)(r,c) = val;
+ next();
+ has_been_used = true;
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ private:
+
+ friend class matrix<T,num_rows,num_cols,mem_manager,layout>;
+
+ void next (
+ ) const
+ {
+ ++c;
+ if (c == m->nc())
+ {
+ c = 0;
+ ++r;
+ }
+ }
+
+ matrix* m;
+ mutable long r;
+ mutable long c;
+ mutable bool has_been_used;
+ };
+
+ public:
+
+ matrix& operator = (
+ const literal_assign_helper& val
+ )
+ {
+ *this = *val.m;
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ const literal_assign_helper operator = (
+ const T& val
+ )
+ {
+ // assign the given value to every spot in this matrix
+ const long size = nr()*nc();
+ for (long i = 0; i < size; ++i)
+ data(i) = val;
+
+ // Now return the literal_assign_helper so that the user
+ // can use the overloaded comma notation to initialize
+ // the matrix if they want to.
+ return literal_assign_helper(this);
+ }
+
+ private:
+
+
+ typename layout::template layout<T,NR,NC,mem_manager> data;
+ };
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ template <
+ typename T,
+ long NR,
+ long NC,
+ typename mm,
+ typename l
+ >
+ void swap(
+ matrix<T,NR,NC,mm,l>& a,
+ matrix<T,NR,NC,mm,l>& b
+ ) { a.swap(b); }
+
+ template <
+ typename T,
+ long NR,
+ long NC,
+ typename mm,
+ typename l
+ >
+ void serialize (
+ const matrix<T,NR,NC,mm,l>& item,
+ std::ostream& out
+ )
+ {
+ try
+ {
+ // The reason the serialization is a little funny is because we are trying to
+ // maintain backwards compatibility with an older serialization format used by
+ // dlib while also encoding things in a way that lets the array2d and matrix
+ // objects have compatible serialization formats.
+ serialize(-item.nr(),out);
+ serialize(-item.nc(),out);
+ for (long r = 0; r < item.nr(); ++r)
+ {
+ for (long c = 0; c < item.nc(); ++c)
+ {
+ serialize(item(r,c),out);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ catch (serialization_error& e)
+ {
+ throw serialization_error(e.info + "\n while serializing dlib::matrix");
+ }
+ }
+
+ template <
+ typename T,
+ long NR,
+ long NC,
+ typename mm,
+ typename l
+ >
+ void deserialize (
+ matrix<T,NR,NC,mm,l>& item,
+ std::istream& in
+ )
+ {
+ try
+ {
+ long nr, nc;
+ deserialize(nr,in);
+ deserialize(nc,in);
+
+ // this is the newer serialization format
+ if (nr < 0 || nc < 0)
+ {
+ nr *= -1;
+ nc *= -1;
+ }
+
+ if (NR != 0 && nr != NR)
+ throw serialization_error("Error while deserializing a dlib::matrix. Invalid rows");
+ if (NC != 0 && nc != NC)
+ throw serialization_error("Error while deserializing a dlib::matrix. Invalid columns");
+
+ item.set_size(nr,nc);
+ for (long r = 0; r < nr; ++r)
+ {
+ for (long c = 0; c < nc; ++c)
+ {
+ deserialize(item(r,c),in);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ catch (serialization_error& e)
+ {
+ throw serialization_error(e.info + "\n while deserializing a dlib::matrix");
+ }
+ }
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ template <
+ typename T,
+ long NR,
+ long NC,
+ typename mm,
+ typename l
+ >
+ void serialize (
+ const ramdump_t<matrix<T,NR,NC,mm,l>>& item_,
+ std::ostream& out
+ )
+ {
+ auto& item = item_.item;
+ serialize(item.nr(), out);
+ serialize(item.nc(), out);
+ if (item.size() != 0)
+ out.write((char*)&item(0,0), sizeof(item(0,0))*item.size());
+ }
+
+ template <
+ typename T,
+ long NR,
+ long NC,
+ typename mm,
+ typename l
+ >
+ void deserialize (
+ ramdump_t<matrix<T,NR,NC,mm,l>>&& item_,
+ std::istream& in
+ )
+ {
+ auto& item = item_.item;
+ long nr, nc;
+ deserialize(nr, in);
+ deserialize(nc, in);
+ item.set_size(nr,nc);
+ if (item.size() != 0)
+ in.read((char*)&item(0,0), sizeof(item(0,0))*item.size());
+ }
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ template <
+ typename EXP
+ >
+ std::ostream& operator<< (
+ std::ostream& out,
+ const matrix_exp<EXP>& m
+ )
+ {
+ using namespace std;
+ const streamsize old = out.width();
+
+ // first figure out how wide we should make each field
+ string::size_type w = 0;
+ ostringstream sout;
+ for (long r = 0; r < m.nr(); ++r)
+ {
+ for (long c = 0; c < m.nc(); ++c)
+ {
+ sout << m(r,c);
+ w = std::max(sout.str().size(),w);
+ sout.str("");
+ }
+ }
+
+ // now actually print it
+ for (long r = 0; r < m.nr(); ++r)
+ {
+ for (long c = 0; c < m.nc(); ++c)
+ {
+ out.width(static_cast<streamsize>(w));
+ out << m(r,c) << " ";
+ }
+ out << "\n";
+ }
+ out.width(old);
+ return out;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ template <
+ typename T,
+ long NR,
+ long NC,
+ typename MM,
+ typename L
+ >
+ std::istream& operator>> (
+ std::istream& in,
+ matrix<T,NR,NC,MM,L>& m
+ );
+
+ This function is defined inside the matrix_read_from_istream.h file.
+ */
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ class print_matrix_as_csv_helper
+ {
+ /*!
+ This object is used to define an io manipulator for matrix expressions.
+ In particular, this code allows you to write statements like:
+ cout << csv << yourmatrix;
+ and have it print the matrix with commas separating each element.
+ !*/
+ public:
+ print_matrix_as_csv_helper (std::ostream& out_) : out(out_) {}
+
+ template <typename EXP>
+ std::ostream& operator<< (
+ const matrix_exp<EXP>& m
+ )
+ {
+ for (long r = 0; r < m.nr(); ++r)
+ {
+ for (long c = 0; c < m.nc(); ++c)
+ {
+ if (c+1 == m.nc())
+ out << m(r,c) << "\n";
+ else
+ out << m(r,c) << ", ";
+ }
+ }
+ return out;
+ }
+
+ private:
+ std::ostream& out;
+ };
+
+ class print_matrix_as_csv {};
+ const print_matrix_as_csv csv = print_matrix_as_csv();
+ inline print_matrix_as_csv_helper operator<< (
+ std::ostream& out,
+ const print_matrix_as_csv&
+ )
+ {
+ return print_matrix_as_csv_helper(out);
+ }
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ template <typename EXP>
+ class const_temp_matrix;
+
+ template <
+ typename EXP
+ >
+ struct matrix_traits<const_temp_matrix<EXP> >
+ {
+ typedef typename EXP::type type;
+ typedef typename EXP::const_ret_type const_ret_type;
+ typedef typename EXP::mem_manager_type mem_manager_type;
+ typedef typename EXP::layout_type layout_type;
+ const static long NR = EXP::NR;
+ const static long NC = EXP::NC;
+ const static long cost = 1;
+ };
+
+ template <typename EXP>
+ class const_temp_matrix : public matrix_exp<const_temp_matrix<EXP> >, noncopyable
+ {
+ public:
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<const_temp_matrix>::type type;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<const_temp_matrix>::const_ret_type const_ret_type;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<const_temp_matrix>::mem_manager_type mem_manager_type;
+ typedef typename matrix_traits<const_temp_matrix>::layout_type layout_type;
+ const static long NR = matrix_traits<const_temp_matrix>::NR;
+ const static long NC = matrix_traits<const_temp_matrix>::NC;
+ const static long cost = matrix_traits<const_temp_matrix>::cost;
+
+ const_temp_matrix (
+ const matrix_exp<EXP>& item
+ ) :
+ ref_(item.ref())
+ {}
+ const_temp_matrix (
+ const EXP& item
+ ) :
+ ref_(item)
+ {}
+
+ const_ret_type operator() (
+ long r,
+ long c
+ ) const { return ref_(r,c); }
+
+ const_ret_type operator() ( long i ) const
+ { return ref_(i); }
+
+ template <typename U>
+ bool aliases (
+ const matrix_exp<U>& item
+ ) const { return ref_.aliases(item); }
+
+ template <typename U>
+ bool destructively_aliases (
+ const matrix_exp<U>& item
+ ) const { return ref_.destructively_aliases(item); }
+
+ long nr (
+ ) const { return ref_.nr(); }
+
+ long nc (
+ ) const { return ref_.nc(); }
+
+ private:
+
+ typename conditional_matrix_temp<const EXP, (EXP::cost <= 1)>::type ref_;
+ };
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ typedef matrix<double,0,0,default_memory_manager,column_major_layout> matrix_colmajor;
+ typedef matrix<float,0,0,default_memory_manager,column_major_layout> fmatrix_colmajor;
+
+}
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+// put warnings back to their default settings
+#pragma warning(default : 4355)
+#pragma warning(default : 4723)
+#endif
+
+#endif // DLIB_MATRIx_
+
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