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-// The contents of this file are in the public domain. See LICENSE_FOR_EXAMPLE_PROGRAMS.txt
-/*
- This is an example illustrating the use of the multiclass classification tools
- from the dlib C++ Library. Specifically, this example will make points from
- three classes and show you how to train a multiclass classifier to recognize
- these three classes.
-
- The classes are as follows:
- - class 1: points very close to the origin
- - class 2: points on the circle of radius 10 around the origin
- - class 3: points that are on a circle of radius 4 but not around the origin at all
-*/
-
-#include <dlib/svm_threaded.h>
-
-#include <iostream>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <dlib/rand.h>
-
-using namespace std;
-using namespace dlib;
-
-// Our data will be 2-dimensional data. So declare an appropriate type to contain these points.
-typedef matrix<double,2,1> sample_type;
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-void generate_data (
- std::vector<sample_type>& samples,
- std::vector<double>& labels
-);
-/*!
- ensures
- - make some 3 class data as described above.
- - Create 60 points from class 1
- - Create 70 points from class 2
- - Create 80 points from class 3
-!*/
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-int main()
-{
- try
- {
- std::vector<sample_type> samples;
- std::vector<double> labels;
-
- // First, get our labeled set of training data
- generate_data(samples, labels);
-
- cout << "samples.size(): "<< samples.size() << endl;
-
- // The main object in this example program is the one_vs_one_trainer. It is essentially
- // a container class for regular binary classifier trainer objects. In particular, it
- // uses the any_trainer object to store any kind of trainer object that implements a
- // .train(samples,labels) function which returns some kind of learned decision function.
- // It uses these binary classifiers to construct a voting multiclass classifier. If
- // there are N classes then it trains N*(N-1)/2 binary classifiers, one for each pair of
- // labels, which then vote on the label of a sample.
- //
- // In this example program we will work with a one_vs_one_trainer object which stores any
- // kind of trainer that uses our sample_type samples.
- typedef one_vs_one_trainer<any_trainer<sample_type> > ovo_trainer;
-
-
- // Finally, make the one_vs_one_trainer.
- ovo_trainer trainer;
-
-
- // Next, we will make two different binary classification trainer objects. One
- // which uses kernel ridge regression and RBF kernels and another which uses a
- // support vector machine and polynomial kernels. The particular details don't matter.
- // The point of this part of the example is that you can use any kind of trainer object
- // with the one_vs_one_trainer.
- typedef polynomial_kernel<sample_type> poly_kernel;
- typedef radial_basis_kernel<sample_type> rbf_kernel;
-
- // make the binary trainers and set some parameters
- krr_trainer<rbf_kernel> rbf_trainer;
- svm_nu_trainer<poly_kernel> poly_trainer;
- poly_trainer.set_kernel(poly_kernel(0.1, 1, 2));
- rbf_trainer.set_kernel(rbf_kernel(0.1));
-
-
- // Now tell the one_vs_one_trainer that, by default, it should use the rbf_trainer
- // to solve the individual binary classification subproblems.
- trainer.set_trainer(rbf_trainer);
- // We can also get more specific. Here we tell the one_vs_one_trainer to use the
- // poly_trainer to solve the class 1 vs class 2 subproblem. All the others will
- // still be solved with the rbf_trainer.
- trainer.set_trainer(poly_trainer, 1, 2);
-
- // Now let's do 5-fold cross-validation using the one_vs_one_trainer we just setup.
- // As an aside, always shuffle the order of the samples before doing cross validation.
- // For a discussion of why this is a good idea see the svm_ex.cpp example.
- randomize_samples(samples, labels);
- cout << "cross validation: \n" << cross_validate_multiclass_trainer(trainer, samples, labels, 5) << endl;
- // The output is shown below. It is the confusion matrix which describes the results. Each row
- // corresponds to a class of data and each column to a prediction. Reading from top to bottom,
- // the rows correspond to the class labels if the labels have been listed in sorted order. So the
- // top row corresponds to class 1, the middle row to class 2, and the bottom row to class 3. The
- // columns are organized similarly, with the left most column showing how many samples were predicted
- // as members of class 1.
- //
- // So in the results below we can see that, for the class 1 samples, 60 of them were correctly predicted
- // to be members of class 1 and 0 were incorrectly classified. Similarly, the other two classes of data
- // are perfectly classified.
- /*
- cross validation:
- 60 0 0
- 0 70 0
- 0 0 80
- */
-
- // Next, if you wanted to obtain the decision rule learned by a one_vs_one_trainer you
- // would store it into a one_vs_one_decision_function.
- one_vs_one_decision_function<ovo_trainer> df = trainer.train(samples, labels);
-
- cout << "predicted label: "<< df(samples[0]) << ", true label: "<< labels[0] << endl;
- cout << "predicted label: "<< df(samples[90]) << ", true label: "<< labels[90] << endl;
- // The output is:
- /*
- predicted label: 2, true label: 2
- predicted label: 1, true label: 1
- */
-
-
- // If you want to save a one_vs_one_decision_function to disk, you can do
- // so. However, you must declare what kind of decision functions it contains.
- one_vs_one_decision_function<ovo_trainer,
- decision_function<poly_kernel>, // This is the output of the poly_trainer
- decision_function<rbf_kernel> // This is the output of the rbf_trainer
- > df2, df3;
-
-
- // Put df into df2 and then save df2 to disk. Note that we could have also said
- // df2 = trainer.train(samples, labels); But doing it this way avoids retraining.
- df2 = df;
- serialize("df.dat") << df2;
-
- // load the function back in from disk and store it in df3.
- deserialize("df.dat") >> df3;
-
-
- // Test df3 to see that this worked.
- cout << endl;
- cout << "predicted label: "<< df3(samples[0]) << ", true label: "<< labels[0] << endl;
- cout << "predicted label: "<< df3(samples[90]) << ", true label: "<< labels[90] << endl;
- // Test df3 on the samples and labels and print the confusion matrix.
- cout << "test deserialized function: \n" << test_multiclass_decision_function(df3, samples, labels) << endl;
-
-
-
-
-
- // Finally, if you want to get the binary classifiers from inside a multiclass decision
- // function you can do it by calling get_binary_decision_functions() like so:
- one_vs_one_decision_function<ovo_trainer>::binary_function_table functs;
- functs = df.get_binary_decision_functions();
- cout << "number of binary decision functions in df: " << functs.size() << endl;
- // The functs object is a std::map which maps pairs of labels to binary decision
- // functions. So we can access the individual decision functions like so:
- decision_function<poly_kernel> df_1_2 = any_cast<decision_function<poly_kernel> >(functs[make_unordered_pair(1,2)]);
- decision_function<rbf_kernel> df_1_3 = any_cast<decision_function<rbf_kernel> >(functs[make_unordered_pair(1,3)]);
- // df_1_2 contains the binary decision function that votes for class 1 vs. 2.
- // Similarly, df_1_3 contains the classifier that votes for 1 vs. 3.
-
- // Note that the multiclass decision function doesn't know what kind of binary
- // decision functions it contains. So we have to use any_cast to explicitly cast
- // them back into the concrete type. If you make a mistake and try to any_cast a
- // binary decision function into the wrong type of function any_cast will throw a
- // bad_any_cast exception.
- }
- catch (std::exception& e)
- {
- cout << "exception thrown!" << endl;
- cout << e.what() << endl;
- }
-}
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-void generate_data (
- std::vector<sample_type>& samples,
- std::vector<double>& labels
-)
-{
- const long num = 50;
-
- sample_type m;
-
- dlib::rand rnd;
-
-
- // make some samples near the origin
- double radius = 0.5;
- for (long i = 0; i < num+10; ++i)
- {
- double sign = 1;
- if (rnd.get_random_double() < 0.5)
- sign = -1;
- m(0) = 2*radius*rnd.get_random_double()-radius;
- m(1) = sign*sqrt(radius*radius - m(0)*m(0));
-
- // add this sample to our set of training samples
- samples.push_back(m);
- labels.push_back(1);
- }
-
- // make some samples in a circle around the origin but far away
- radius = 10.0;
- for (long i = 0; i < num+20; ++i)
- {
- double sign = 1;
- if (rnd.get_random_double() < 0.5)
- sign = -1;
- m(0) = 2*radius*rnd.get_random_double()-radius;
- m(1) = sign*sqrt(radius*radius - m(0)*m(0));
-
- // add this sample to our set of training samples
- samples.push_back(m);
- labels.push_back(2);
- }
-
- // make some samples in a circle around the point (25,25)
- radius = 4.0;
- for (long i = 0; i < num+30; ++i)
- {
- double sign = 1;
- if (rnd.get_random_double() < 0.5)
- sign = -1;
- m(0) = 2*radius*rnd.get_random_double()-radius;
- m(1) = sign*sqrt(radius*radius - m(0)*m(0));
-
- // translate this point away from the origin
- m(0) += 25;
- m(1) += 25;
-
- // add this sample to our set of training samples
- samples.push_back(m);
- labels.push_back(3);
- }
-}
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-