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diff --git a/src/pendulum/_helpers.py b/src/pendulum/_helpers.py
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+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import datetime
+import math
+
+from typing import NamedTuple
+from typing import cast
+
+from pendulum.constants import DAY_OF_WEEK_TABLE
+from pendulum.constants import DAYS_PER_L_YEAR
+from pendulum.constants import DAYS_PER_MONTHS
+from pendulum.constants import DAYS_PER_N_YEAR
+from pendulum.constants import EPOCH_YEAR
+from pendulum.constants import MONTHS_OFFSETS
+from pendulum.constants import SECS_PER_4_YEARS
+from pendulum.constants import SECS_PER_100_YEARS
+from pendulum.constants import SECS_PER_400_YEARS
+from pendulum.constants import SECS_PER_DAY
+from pendulum.constants import SECS_PER_HOUR
+from pendulum.constants import SECS_PER_MIN
+from pendulum.constants import SECS_PER_YEAR
+from pendulum.constants import TM_DECEMBER
+from pendulum.constants import TM_JANUARY
+from pendulum.tz.timezone import Timezone
+from pendulum.utils._compat import zoneinfo
+
+
+class PreciseDiff(NamedTuple):
+ years: int
+ months: int
+ days: int
+ hours: int
+ minutes: int
+ seconds: int
+ microseconds: int
+ total_days: int
+
+ def __repr__(self) -> str:
+ return (
+ f"{self.years} years "
+ f"{self.months} months "
+ f"{self.days} days "
+ f"{self.hours} hours "
+ f"{self.minutes} minutes "
+ f"{self.seconds} seconds "
+ f"{self.microseconds} microseconds"
+ )
+
+
+def is_leap(year: int) -> bool:
+ return year % 4 == 0 and (year % 100 != 0 or year % 400 == 0)
+
+
+def is_long_year(year: int) -> bool:
+ def p(y: int) -> int:
+ return y + y // 4 - y // 100 + y // 400
+
+ return p(year) % 7 == 4 or p(year - 1) % 7 == 3
+
+
+def week_day(year: int, month: int, day: int) -> int:
+ if month < 3:
+ year -= 1
+
+ w = (
+ year
+ + year // 4
+ - year // 100
+ + year // 400
+ + DAY_OF_WEEK_TABLE[month - 1]
+ + day
+ ) % 7
+
+ if not w:
+ w = 7
+
+ return w
+
+
+def days_in_year(year: int) -> int:
+ if is_leap(year):
+ return DAYS_PER_L_YEAR
+
+ return DAYS_PER_N_YEAR
+
+
+def local_time(
+ unix_time: int, utc_offset: int, microseconds: int
+) -> tuple[int, int, int, int, int, int, int]:
+ """
+ Returns a UNIX time as a broken-down time
+ for a particular transition type.
+ """
+ year = EPOCH_YEAR
+ seconds = math.floor(unix_time)
+
+ # Shift to a base year that is 400-year aligned.
+ if seconds >= 0:
+ seconds -= 10957 * SECS_PER_DAY
+ year += 30 # == 2000
+ else:
+ seconds += (146097 - 10957) * SECS_PER_DAY
+ year -= 370 # == 1600
+
+ seconds += utc_offset
+
+ # Handle years in chunks of 400/100/4/1
+ year += 400 * (seconds // SECS_PER_400_YEARS)
+ seconds %= SECS_PER_400_YEARS
+ if seconds < 0:
+ seconds += SECS_PER_400_YEARS
+ year -= 400
+
+ leap_year = 1 # 4-century aligned
+
+ sec_per_100years = SECS_PER_100_YEARS[leap_year]
+ while seconds >= sec_per_100years:
+ seconds -= sec_per_100years
+ year += 100
+ leap_year = 0 # 1-century, non 4-century aligned
+ sec_per_100years = SECS_PER_100_YEARS[leap_year]
+
+ sec_per_4years = SECS_PER_4_YEARS[leap_year]
+ while seconds >= sec_per_4years:
+ seconds -= sec_per_4years
+ year += 4
+ leap_year = 1 # 4-year, non century aligned
+ sec_per_4years = SECS_PER_4_YEARS[leap_year]
+
+ sec_per_year = SECS_PER_YEAR[leap_year]
+ while seconds >= sec_per_year:
+ seconds -= sec_per_year
+ year += 1
+ leap_year = 0 # non 4-year aligned
+ sec_per_year = SECS_PER_YEAR[leap_year]
+
+ # Handle months and days
+ month = TM_DECEMBER + 1
+ day = seconds // SECS_PER_DAY + 1
+ seconds %= SECS_PER_DAY
+ while month != TM_JANUARY + 1:
+ month_offset = MONTHS_OFFSETS[leap_year][month]
+ if day > month_offset:
+ day -= month_offset
+ break
+
+ month -= 1
+
+ # Handle hours, minutes, seconds and microseconds
+ hour, seconds = divmod(seconds, SECS_PER_HOUR)
+ minute, second = divmod(seconds, SECS_PER_MIN)
+
+ return year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microseconds
+
+
+def precise_diff(
+ d1: datetime.datetime | datetime.date, d2: datetime.datetime | datetime.date
+) -> PreciseDiff:
+ """
+ Calculate a precise difference between two datetimes.
+
+ :param d1: The first datetime
+ :param d2: The second datetime
+ """
+ sign = 1
+
+ if d1 == d2:
+ return PreciseDiff(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+
+ tzinfo1: datetime.tzinfo | None = (
+ d1.tzinfo if isinstance(d1, datetime.datetime) else None
+ )
+ tzinfo2: datetime.tzinfo | None = (
+ d2.tzinfo if isinstance(d2, datetime.datetime) else None
+ )
+
+ if (
+ tzinfo1 is None
+ and tzinfo2 is not None
+ or tzinfo2 is None
+ and tzinfo1 is not None
+ ):
+ raise ValueError(
+ "Comparison between naive and aware datetimes is not supported"
+ )
+
+ if d1 > d2:
+ d1, d2 = d2, d1
+ sign = -1
+
+ d_diff = 0
+ hour_diff = 0
+ min_diff = 0
+ sec_diff = 0
+ mic_diff = 0
+ total_days = _day_number(d2.year, d2.month, d2.day) - _day_number(
+ d1.year, d1.month, d1.day
+ )
+ in_same_tz = False
+ tz1 = None
+ tz2 = None
+
+ # Trying to figure out the timezone names
+ # If we can't find them, we assume different timezones
+ if tzinfo1 and tzinfo2:
+ tz1 = _get_tzinfo_name(tzinfo1)
+ tz2 = _get_tzinfo_name(tzinfo2)
+
+ in_same_tz = tz1 == tz2 and tz1 is not None
+
+ if isinstance(d2, datetime.datetime):
+ if isinstance(d1, datetime.datetime):
+ # If we are not in the same timezone
+ # we need to adjust
+ #
+ # We also need to adjust if we do not
+ # have variable-length units
+ if not in_same_tz or total_days == 0:
+ offset1 = d1.utcoffset()
+ offset2 = d2.utcoffset()
+
+ if offset1:
+ d1 = d1 - offset1
+
+ if offset2:
+ d2 = d2 - offset2
+
+ hour_diff = d2.hour - d1.hour
+ min_diff = d2.minute - d1.minute
+ sec_diff = d2.second - d1.second
+ mic_diff = d2.microsecond - d1.microsecond
+ else:
+ hour_diff = d2.hour
+ min_diff = d2.minute
+ sec_diff = d2.second
+ mic_diff = d2.microsecond
+
+ if mic_diff < 0:
+ mic_diff += 1000000
+ sec_diff -= 1
+
+ if sec_diff < 0:
+ sec_diff += 60
+ min_diff -= 1
+
+ if min_diff < 0:
+ min_diff += 60
+ hour_diff -= 1
+
+ if hour_diff < 0:
+ hour_diff += 24
+ d_diff -= 1
+
+ y_diff = d2.year - d1.year
+ m_diff = d2.month - d1.month
+ d_diff += d2.day - d1.day
+
+ if d_diff < 0:
+ year = d2.year
+ month = d2.month
+
+ if month == 1:
+ month = 12
+ year -= 1
+ else:
+ month -= 1
+
+ leap = int(is_leap(year))
+
+ days_in_last_month = DAYS_PER_MONTHS[leap][month]
+ days_in_month = DAYS_PER_MONTHS[int(is_leap(d2.year))][d2.month]
+
+ if d_diff < days_in_month - days_in_last_month:
+ # We don't have a full month, we calculate days
+ if days_in_last_month < d1.day:
+ d_diff += d1.day
+ else:
+ d_diff += days_in_last_month
+ elif d_diff == days_in_month - days_in_last_month:
+ # We have exactly a full month
+ # We remove the days difference
+ # and add one to the months difference
+ d_diff = 0
+ m_diff += 1
+ else:
+ # We have a full month
+ d_diff += days_in_last_month
+
+ m_diff -= 1
+
+ if m_diff < 0:
+ m_diff += 12
+ y_diff -= 1
+
+ return PreciseDiff(
+ sign * y_diff,
+ sign * m_diff,
+ sign * d_diff,
+ sign * hour_diff,
+ sign * min_diff,
+ sign * sec_diff,
+ sign * mic_diff,
+ sign * total_days,
+ )
+
+
+def _day_number(year: int, month: int, day: int) -> int:
+ month = (month + 9) % 12
+ year = year - month // 10
+
+ return (
+ 365 * year
+ + year // 4
+ - year // 100
+ + year // 400
+ + (month * 306 + 5) // 10
+ + (day - 1)
+ )
+
+
+def _get_tzinfo_name(tzinfo: datetime.tzinfo | None) -> str | None:
+ if tzinfo is None:
+ return None
+
+ if hasattr(tzinfo, "key"):
+ # zoneinfo timezone
+ return cast(zoneinfo.ZoneInfo, tzinfo).key
+ elif hasattr(tzinfo, "name"):
+ # Pendulum timezone
+ return cast(Timezone, tzinfo).name
+ elif hasattr(tzinfo, "zone"):
+ # pytz timezone
+ return tzinfo.zone # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+ return None