Merging upstream version 3.5.0.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

17 files changed, 327 insertions, 87 deletions

diff --git a/tests/features/basic_commands.feature b/tests/features/basic_commands.feature
index 99f893e..cd15306 100644
--- a/tests/features/basic_commands.feature
+++ b/tests/features/basic_commands.feature
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ Feature: run the cli,
       when we send "\?" command
       then we see help output
 
-  @wip
   Scenario: run the cli with dsn and password
     When we launch dbcli using dsn_password
       then we send password
diff --git a/tests/features/db_utils.py b/tests/features/db_utils.py
index 6898394..595c6c2 100644
--- a/tests/features/db_utils.py
+++ b/tests/features/db_utils.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-from psycopg2 import connect
-from psycopg2.extensions import AsIs
+from psycopg import connect
 
 
 def create_db(
@@ -17,13 +16,10 @@ def create_db(
     """
     cn = create_cn(hostname, password, username, "postgres", port)
 
-    # ISOLATION_LEVEL_AUTOCOMMIT = 0
-    # Needed for DB creation.
-    cn.set_isolation_level(0)
-
+    cn.autocommit = True
     with cn.cursor() as cr:
-        cr.execute("drop database if exists %s", (AsIs(dbname),))
-        cr.execute("create database %s", (AsIs(dbname),))
+        cr.execute(f"drop database if exists {dbname}")
+        cr.execute(f"create database {dbname}")
 
     cn.close()
 
@@ -41,13 +37,26 @@ def create_cn(hostname, password, username, dbname, port):
     :return: psycopg2.connection
     """
     cn = connect(
-        host=hostname, user=username, database=dbname, password=password, port=port
+        host=hostname, user=username, dbname=dbname, password=password, port=port
     )
 
-    print(f"Created connection: {cn.dsn}.")
+    print(f"Created connection: {cn.info.get_parameters()}.")
     return cn
 
 
+def pgbouncer_available(hostname="localhost", password=None, username="postgres"):
+    cn = None
+    try:
+        cn = create_cn(hostname, password, username, "pgbouncer", 6432)
+        return True
+    except:
+        print("Pgbouncer is not available.")
+    finally:
+        if cn:
+            cn.close()
+    return False
+
+
 def drop_db(hostname="localhost", username=None, password=None, dbname=None, port=None):
     """
     Drop database.
@@ -58,12 +67,11 @@ def drop_db(hostname="localhost", username=None, password=None, dbname=None, por
     """
     cn = create_cn(hostname, password, username, "postgres", port)
 
-    # ISOLATION_LEVEL_AUTOCOMMIT = 0
     # Needed for DB drop.
-    cn.set_isolation_level(0)
+    cn.autocommit = True
 
     with cn.cursor() as cr:
-        cr.execute("drop database if exists %s", (AsIs(dbname),))
+        cr.execute(f"drop database if exists {dbname}")
 
     close_cn(cn)
 
@@ -74,5 +82,6 @@ def close_cn(cn=None):
     :param connection: psycopg2.connection
     """
     if cn:
+        cn_params = cn.info.get_parameters()
         cn.close()
-        print(f"Closed connection: {cn.dsn}.")
+        print(f"Closed connection: {cn_params}.")
diff --git a/tests/features/environment.py b/tests/features/environment.py
index 215c85c..6cc8e14 100644
--- a/tests/features/environment.py
+++ b/tests/features/environment.py
@@ -111,7 +111,11 @@ def before_all(context):
         context.conf["dbname"],
         context.conf["port"],
     )
-
+    context.pgbouncer_available = dbutils.pgbouncer_available(
+        hostname=context.conf["host"],
+        password=context.conf["pass"],
+        username=context.conf["user"],
+    )
     context.fixture_data = fixutils.read_fixture_files()
 
     # use temporary directory as config home
@@ -145,7 +149,7 @@ def after_all(context):
         context.conf["port"],
     )
 
-    # Remove temp config direcotry
+    # Remove temp config directory
     shutil.rmtree(context.env_config_home)
 
     # Restore env vars.
@@ -164,7 +168,19 @@ def before_scenario(context, scenario):
     if scenario.name == "list databases":
         # not using the cli for that
         return
-    wrappers.run_cli(context)
+    currentdb = None
+    if "pgbouncer" in scenario.feature.tags:
+        if context.pgbouncer_available:
+            os.environ["PGDATABASE"] = "pgbouncer"
+            os.environ["PGPORT"] = "6432"
+            currentdb = "pgbouncer"
+        else:
+            scenario.skip()
+    else:
+        # set env vars back to normal test database
+        os.environ["PGDATABASE"] = context.conf["dbname"]
+        os.environ["PGPORT"] = context.conf["port"]
+    wrappers.run_cli(context, currentdb=currentdb)
     wrappers.wait_prompt(context)
 
 
@@ -172,13 +188,17 @@ def after_scenario(context, scenario):
     """Cleans up after each scenario completes."""
     if hasattr(context, "cli") and context.cli and not context.exit_sent:
         # Quit nicely.
-        if not context.atprompt:
+        if not getattr(context, "atprompt", False):
             dbname = context.currentdb
-            context.cli.expect_exact(f"{dbname}> ", timeout=15)
-        context.cli.sendcontrol("c")
-        context.cli.sendcontrol("d")
+            context.cli.expect_exact(f"{dbname}>", timeout=5)
+        try:
+            context.cli.sendcontrol("c")
+            context.cli.sendcontrol("d")
+        except Exception as x:
+            print("Failed cleanup after scenario:")
+            print(x)
         try:
-            context.cli.expect_exact(pexpect.EOF, timeout=15)
+            context.cli.expect_exact(pexpect.EOF, timeout=5)
         except pexpect.TIMEOUT:
             print(f"--- after_scenario {scenario.name}: kill cli")
             context.cli.kill(signal.SIGKILL)
diff --git a/tests/features/pgbouncer.feature b/tests/features/pgbouncer.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14cc5ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/features/pgbouncer.feature
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+@pgbouncer
+Feature: run pgbouncer,
+  call the help command,
+  exit the cli
+
+  Scenario: run "show help" command
+     When we send "show help" command
+      then we see the pgbouncer help output
+
+  Scenario: run the cli and exit
+     When we send "ctrl + d"
+      then dbcli exits
diff --git a/tests/features/steps/basic_commands.py b/tests/features/steps/basic_commands.py
index a7c99ee..7c87814 100644
--- a/tests/features/steps/basic_commands.py
+++ b/tests/features/steps/basic_commands.py
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ def step_ctrl_d(context):
     context.cli.sendline(r"\pset pager off")
     wrappers.wait_prompt(context)
     context.cli.sendcontrol("d")
-    context.cli.expect(pexpect.EOF, timeout=15)
+    context.cli.expect(pexpect.EOF, timeout=5)
     context.exit_sent = True
 
 
diff --git a/tests/features/steps/crud_database.py b/tests/features/steps/crud_database.py
index 3f5d0e7..87cdc85 100644
--- a/tests/features/steps/crud_database.py
+++ b/tests/features/steps/crud_database.py
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ def step_see_prompt(context):
     Wait to see the prompt.
     """
     db_name = getattr(context, "currentdb", context.conf["dbname"])
-    wrappers.expect_exact(context, f"{db_name}> ", timeout=5)
+    wrappers.expect_exact(context, f"{db_name}>", timeout=5)
     context.atprompt = True
 
 
diff --git a/tests/features/steps/pgbouncer.py b/tests/features/steps/pgbouncer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f156982
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/features/steps/pgbouncer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+"""
+Steps for behavioral style tests are defined in this module.
+Each step is defined by the string decorating it.
+This string is used to call the step in "*.feature" file.
+"""
+
+from behave import when, then
+import wrappers
+
+
+@when('we send "show help" command')
+def step_send_help_command(context):
+    context.cli.sendline("show help")
+
+
+@then("we see the pgbouncer help output")
+def see_pgbouncer_help(context):
+    wrappers.expect_exact(
+        context,
+        "SHOW HELP|CONFIG|DATABASES|POOLS|CLIENTS|SERVERS|USERS|VERSION",
+        timeout=3,
+    )
diff --git a/tests/features/steps/wrappers.py b/tests/features/steps/wrappers.py
index 0ca8366..6180517 100644
--- a/tests/features/steps/wrappers.py
+++ b/tests/features/steps/wrappers.py
@@ -70,4 +70,5 @@ def run_cli(context, run_args=None, prompt_check=True, currentdb=None):
 
 def wait_prompt(context):
     """Make sure prompt is displayed."""
-    expect_exact(context, "{0}> ".format(context.conf["dbname"]), timeout=5)
+    prompt_str = "{0}>".format(context.currentdb)
+    expect_exact(context, [prompt_str + " ", prompt_str, pexpect.EOF], timeout=3)
diff --git a/tests/formatter/__init__.py b/tests/formatter/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bad579
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/formatter/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# coding=utf-8
diff --git a/tests/formatter/test_sqlformatter.py b/tests/formatter/test_sqlformatter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8cd9c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/formatter/test_sqlformatter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+# coding=utf-8
+
+from pgcli.packages.formatter.sqlformatter import escape_for_sql_statement
+
+from cli_helpers.tabular_output import TabularOutputFormatter
+from pgcli.packages.formatter.sqlformatter import adapter, register_new_formatter
+
+
+def test_escape_for_sql_statement_bytes():
+    bts = b"837124ab3e8dc0f"
+    escaped_bytes = escape_for_sql_statement(bts)
+    assert escaped_bytes == "X'383337313234616233653864633066'"
+
+
+def test_escape_for_sql_statement_number():
+    num = 2981
+    escaped_bytes = escape_for_sql_statement(num)
+    assert escaped_bytes == "'2981'"
+
+
+def test_escape_for_sql_statement_str():
+    example_str = "example str"
+    escaped_bytes = escape_for_sql_statement(example_str)
+    assert escaped_bytes == "'example str'"
+
+
+def test_output_sql_insert():
+    global formatter
+    formatter = TabularOutputFormatter
+    register_new_formatter(formatter)
+    data = [
+        [
+            1,
+            "Jackson",
+            "jackson_test@gmail.com",
+            "132454789",
+            "",
+            "2022-09-09 19:44:32.712343+08",
+            "2022-09-09 19:44:32.712343+08",
+        ]
+    ]
+    header = ["id", "name", "email", "phone", "description", "created_at", "updated_at"]
+    table_format = "sql-insert"
+    kwargs = {
+        "column_types": [int, str, str, str, str, str, str],
+        "sep_title": "RECORD {n}",
+        "sep_character": "-",
+        "sep_length": (1, 25),
+        "missing_value": "<null>",
+        "integer_format": "",
+        "float_format": "",
+        "disable_numparse": True,
+        "preserve_whitespace": True,
+        "max_field_width": 500,
+    }
+    formatter.query = 'SELECT * FROM "user";'
+    output = adapter(data, header, table_format=table_format, **kwargs)
+    output_list = [l for l in output]
+    expected = [
+        'INSERT INTO "user" ("id", "name", "email", "phone", "description", "created_at", "updated_at") VALUES',
+        "  ('1', 'Jackson', 'jackson_test@gmail.com', '132454789', '', "
+        + "'2022-09-09 19:44:32.712343+08', '2022-09-09 19:44:32.712343+08')",
+        ";",
+    ]
+    assert expected == output_list
+
+
+def test_output_sql_update():
+    global formatter
+    formatter = TabularOutputFormatter
+    register_new_formatter(formatter)
+    data = [
+        [
+            1,
+            "Jackson",
+            "jackson_test@gmail.com",
+            "132454789",
+            "",
+            "2022-09-09 19:44:32.712343+08",
+            "2022-09-09 19:44:32.712343+08",
+        ]
+    ]
+    header = ["id", "name", "email", "phone", "description", "created_at", "updated_at"]
+    table_format = "sql-update"
+    kwargs = {
+        "column_types": [int, str, str, str, str, str, str],
+        "sep_title": "RECORD {n}",
+        "sep_character": "-",
+        "sep_length": (1, 25),
+        "missing_value": "<null>",
+        "integer_format": "",
+        "float_format": "",
+        "disable_numparse": True,
+        "preserve_whitespace": True,
+        "max_field_width": 500,
+    }
+    formatter.query = 'SELECT * FROM "user";'
+    output = adapter(data, header, table_format=table_format, **kwargs)
+    output_list = [l for l in output]
+    print(output_list)
+    expected = [
+        'UPDATE "user" SET',
+        "  \"name\" = 'Jackson'",
+        ", \"email\" = 'jackson_test@gmail.com'",
+        ", \"phone\" = '132454789'",
+        ", \"description\" = ''",
+        ", \"created_at\" = '2022-09-09 19:44:32.712343+08'",
+        ", \"updated_at\" = '2022-09-09 19:44:32.712343+08'",
+        "WHERE \"id\" = '1';",
+    ]
+    assert expected == output_list
diff --git a/tests/test_auth.py b/tests/test_auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a517a89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import pytest
+from unittest import mock
+from pgcli import auth
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("enabled,call_count", [(True, 1), (False, 0)])
+def test_keyring_initialize(enabled, call_count):
+    logger = mock.MagicMock()
+
+    with mock.patch("importlib.import_module", return_value=True) as import_method:
+        auth.keyring_initialize(enabled, logger=logger)
+        assert import_method.call_count == call_count
+
+
+def test_keyring_get_password_ok():
+    with mock.patch("pgcli.auth.keyring", return_value=mock.MagicMock()):
+        with mock.patch("pgcli.auth.keyring.get_password", return_value="abc123"):
+            assert auth.keyring_get_password("test") == "abc123"
+
+
+def test_keyring_get_password_exception():
+    with mock.patch("pgcli.auth.keyring", return_value=mock.MagicMock()):
+        with mock.patch(
+            "pgcli.auth.keyring.get_password", side_effect=Exception("Boom!")
+        ):
+            assert auth.keyring_get_password("test") == ""
+
+
+def test_keyring_set_password_ok():
+    with mock.patch("pgcli.auth.keyring", return_value=mock.MagicMock()):
+        with mock.patch("pgcli.auth.keyring.set_password"):
+            auth.keyring_set_password("test", "abc123")
+
+
+def test_keyring_set_password_exception():
+    with mock.patch("pgcli.auth.keyring", return_value=mock.MagicMock()):
+        with mock.patch(
+            "pgcli.auth.keyring.set_password", side_effect=Exception("Boom!")
+        ):
+            auth.keyring_set_password("test", "abc123")
diff --git a/tests/test_exceptionals.py b/tests/test_exceptionals.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/tests/test_exceptionals.py
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/tests/test_pgexecute.py b/tests/test_pgexecute.py
index 109674c..d6d2f93 100644
--- a/tests/test_pgexecute.py
+++ b/tests/test_pgexecute.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from textwrap import dedent
 
-import psycopg2
+import psycopg
 import pytest
 from unittest.mock import patch, MagicMock
 from pgspecial.main import PGSpecial, NO_QUERY
@@ -283,6 +283,77 @@ def test_execute_from_file_io_error(os, executor, pgspecial):
 
 
 @dbtest
+def test_execute_from_commented_file_that_executes_another_file(
+    executor, pgspecial, tmpdir
+):
+    # https://github.com/dbcli/pgcli/issues/1336
+    sqlfile1 = tmpdir.join("test01.sql")
+    sqlfile1.write("-- asdf \n\\h")
+    sqlfile2 = tmpdir.join("test00.sql")
+    sqlfile2.write("--An useless comment;\nselect now();\n-- another useless comment")
+
+    rcfile = str(tmpdir.join("rcfile"))
+    print(rcfile)
+    cli = PGCli(pgexecute=executor, pgclirc_file=rcfile)
+    assert cli != None
+    statement = "--comment\n\\h"
+    result = run(executor, statement, pgspecial=cli.pgspecial)
+    assert result != None
+    assert result[0].find("ALTER TABLE")
+
+
+@dbtest
+def test_execute_commented_first_line_and_special(executor, pgspecial, tmpdir):
+    # https://github.com/dbcli/pgcli/issues/1362
+
+    # just some base caes that should work also
+    statement = "--comment\nselect now();"
+    result = run(executor, statement, pgspecial=pgspecial)
+    assert result != None
+    assert result[1].find("now") >= 0
+
+    statement = "/*comment*/\nselect now();"
+    result = run(executor, statement, pgspecial=pgspecial)
+    assert result != None
+    assert result[1].find("now") >= 0
+
+    statement = "/*comment\ncomment line2*/\nselect now();"
+    result = run(executor, statement, pgspecial=pgspecial)
+    assert result != None
+    assert result[1].find("now") >= 0
+
+    statement = "--comment\n\\h"
+    result = run(executor, statement, pgspecial=pgspecial)
+    assert result != None
+    assert result[1].find("ALTER") >= 0
+    assert result[1].find("ABORT") >= 0
+
+    statement = "/*comment*/\n\h;"
+    result = run(executor, statement, pgspecial=pgspecial)
+    assert result != None
+    assert result[1].find("ALTER") >= 0
+    assert result[1].find("ABORT") >= 0
+
+    statement = "    /*comment*/\n\h;"
+    result = run(executor, statement, pgspecial=pgspecial)
+    assert result != None
+    assert result[1].find("ALTER") >= 0
+    assert result[1].find("ABORT") >= 0
+
+    statement = "/*comment\ncomment line2*/\n\h;"
+    result = run(executor, statement, pgspecial=pgspecial)
+    assert result != None
+    assert result[1].find("ALTER") >= 0
+    assert result[1].find("ABORT") >= 0
+
+    statement = "          /*comment\ncomment line2*/\n\h;"
+    result = run(executor, statement, pgspecial=pgspecial)
+    assert result != None
+    assert result[1].find("ALTER") >= 0
+    assert result[1].find("ABORT") >= 0
+
+
+@dbtest
 def test_multiple_queries_same_line(executor):
     result = run(executor, "select 'foo'; select 'bar'")
     assert len(result) == 12  # 2 * (output+status) * 3 lines
@@ -428,7 +499,7 @@ def test_describe_special(executor, command, verbose, pattern, pgspecial):
 @dbtest
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("sql", ["invalid sql", "SELECT 1; select error;"])
 def test_raises_with_no_formatter(executor, sql):
-    with pytest.raises(psycopg2.ProgrammingError):
+    with pytest.raises(psycopg.ProgrammingError):
         list(executor.run(sql))
 
 
@@ -513,13 +584,6 @@ def test_short_host(executor):
         assert executor.short_host == "localhost1"
 
 
-class BrokenConnection:
-    """Mock a connection that failed."""
-
-    def cursor(self):
-        raise psycopg2.InterfaceError("I'm broken!")
-
-
 class VirtualCursor:
     """Mock a cursor to virtual database like pgbouncer."""
 
@@ -549,13 +613,15 @@ def test_exit_without_active_connection(executor):
         aliases=(":q",),
     )
 
-    with patch.object(executor, "conn", BrokenConnection()):
+    with patch.object(
+        executor.conn, "cursor", side_effect=psycopg.InterfaceError("I'm broken!")
+    ):
         # we should be able to quit the app, even without active connection
         run(executor, "\\q", pgspecial=pgspecial)
         quit_handler.assert_called_once()
 
         # an exception should be raised when running a query without active connection
-        with pytest.raises(psycopg2.InterfaceError):
+        with pytest.raises(psycopg.InterfaceError):
             run(executor, "select 1", pgspecial=pgspecial)
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_plan.wiki b/tests/test_plan.wiki
deleted file mode 100644
index 6812f18..0000000
--- a/tests/test_plan.wiki
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-= Gross Checks =
-    * [ ] Check connecting to a local database.
-    * [ ] Check connecting to a remote database.
-    * [ ] Check connecting to a database with a user/password.
-    * [ ] Check connecting to a non-existent database.
-    * [ ] Test changing the database.
-
-    == PGExecute ==
-    * [ ] Test successful execution given a cursor.
-    * [ ] Test unsuccessful execution with a syntax error.
-    * [ ] Test a series of executions with the same cursor without failure.
-    * [ ] Test a series of executions with the same cursor with failure.
-    * [ ] Test passing in a special command.
-
-    == Naive Autocompletion ==
-    * [ ] Input empty string, ask for completions - Everything.
-    * [ ] Input partial prefix, ask for completions - Stars with prefix.
-    * [ ] Input fully autocompleted string, ask for completions - Only full match
-    * [ ] Input non-existent prefix, ask for completions - nothing
-    * [ ] Input lowercase prefix - case insensitive completions
-
-    == Smart Autocompletion ==
-    * [ ] Input empty string and check if only keywords are returned.
-    * [ ] Input SELECT prefix and check if only columns are returned.
-    * [ ] Input SELECT blah - only keywords are returned.
-    * [ ] Input SELECT * FROM - Table names only
-
-    == PGSpecial ==
-    * [ ] Test \d
-    * [ ] Test \d tablename
-    * [ ] Test \d tablena*
-    * [ ] Test \d non-existent-tablename
-    * [ ] Test \d index
-    * [ ] Test \d sequence
-    * [ ] Test \d view
-
-    == Exceptionals ==
-    * [ ] Test the 'use' command to change db.
diff --git a/tests/test_rowlimit.py b/tests/test_rowlimit.py
index 947fc80..da916b4 100644
--- a/tests/test_rowlimit.py
+++ b/tests/test_rowlimit.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from unittest.mock import Mock
 from pgcli.main import PGCli
 
 
-# We need this fixtures beacause we need PGCli object to be created
+# We need this fixtures because we need PGCli object to be created
 # after test collection so it has config loaded from temp directory
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_sqlcompletion.py b/tests/test_sqlcompletion.py
index 744fadb..1034bbe 100644
--- a/tests/test_sqlcompletion.py
+++ b/tests/test_sqlcompletion.py
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ def test_alter_column_type_suggests_types():
         "CREATE FUNCTION foo (bar INT, baz ",
         "SELECT * FROM foo() AS bar (baz ",
         "SELECT * FROM foo() AS bar (baz INT, qux ",
-        # make sure this doesnt trigger special completion
+        # make sure this doesn't trigger special completion
         "CREATE TABLE foo (dt d",
     ],
 )
diff --git a/tests/utils.py b/tests/utils.py
index 460ea46..67d769f 100644
--- a/tests/utils.py
+++ b/tests/utils.py
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 import pytest
-import psycopg2
-import psycopg2.extras
+import psycopg
 from pgcli.main import format_output, OutputSettings
-from pgcli.pgexecute import register_json_typecasters
 from os import getenv
 
 POSTGRES_USER = getenv("PGUSER", "postgres")
@@ -12,12 +10,12 @@ POSTGRES_PASSWORD = getenv("PGPASSWORD", "postgres")
 
 
 def db_connection(dbname=None):
-    conn = psycopg2.connect(
+    conn = psycopg.connect(
         user=POSTGRES_USER,
         host=POSTGRES_HOST,
         password=POSTGRES_PASSWORD,
         port=POSTGRES_PORT,
-        database=dbname,
+        dbname=dbname,
     )
     conn.autocommit = True
     return conn
@@ -26,11 +24,10 @@ def db_connection(dbname=None):
 try:
     conn = db_connection()
     CAN_CONNECT_TO_DB = True
-    SERVER_VERSION = conn.server_version
-    json_types = register_json_typecasters(conn, lambda x: x)
-    JSON_AVAILABLE = "json" in json_types
-    JSONB_AVAILABLE = "jsonb" in json_types
-except:
+    SERVER_VERSION = conn.info.parameter_status("server_version")
+    JSON_AVAILABLE = True
+    JSONB_AVAILABLE = True
+except Exception as x:
     CAN_CONNECT_TO_DB = JSON_AVAILABLE = JSONB_AVAILABLE = False
     SERVER_VERSION = 0