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<h1 class="modulename">
<a href="./../../sqlglot.html">sqlglot</a><wbr>.<a href="./../optimizer.html">optimizer</a><wbr>.normalize_identifiers </h1>
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<div class="pdoc-code codehilite"><pre><span></span><span id="L-1"><a href="#L-1"><span class="linenos"> 1</span></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlglot._typing</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">E</span>
</span><span id="L-2"><a href="#L-2"><span class="linenos"> 2</span></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlglot.dialects.dialect</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Dialect</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">DialectType</span>
</span><span id="L-3"><a href="#L-3"><span class="linenos"> 3</span></a>
</span><span id="L-4"><a href="#L-4"><span class="linenos"> 4</span></a>
</span><span id="L-5"><a href="#L-5"><span class="linenos"> 5</span></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">normalize_identifiers</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">E</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dialect</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">DialectType</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="n">E</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span><span id="L-6"><a href="#L-6"><span class="linenos"> 6</span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""</span>
</span><span id="L-7"><a href="#L-7"><span class="linenos"> 7</span></a><span class="sd"> Normalize all unquoted identifiers to either lower or upper case, depending</span>
</span><span id="L-8"><a href="#L-8"><span class="linenos"> 8</span></a><span class="sd"> on the dialect. This essentially makes those identifiers case-insensitive.</span>
</span><span id="L-9"><a href="#L-9"><span class="linenos"> 9</span></a>
</span><span id="L-10"><a href="#L-10"><span class="linenos">10</span></a><span class="sd"> Note:</span>
</span><span id="L-11"><a href="#L-11"><span class="linenos">11</span></a><span class="sd"> Some dialects (e.g. BigQuery) treat identifiers as case-insensitive even</span>
</span><span id="L-12"><a href="#L-12"><span class="linenos">12</span></a><span class="sd"> when they're quoted, so in these cases all identifiers are normalized.</span>
</span><span id="L-13"><a href="#L-13"><span class="linenos">13</span></a>
</span><span id="L-14"><a href="#L-14"><span class="linenos">14</span></a><span class="sd"> Example:</span>
</span><span id="L-15"><a href="#L-15"><span class="linenos">15</span></a><span class="sd"> >>> import sqlglot</span>
</span><span id="L-16"><a href="#L-16"><span class="linenos">16</span></a><span class="sd"> >>> expression = sqlglot.parse_one('SELECT Bar.A AS A FROM "Foo".Bar')</span>
</span><span id="L-17"><a href="#L-17"><span class="linenos">17</span></a><span class="sd"> >>> normalize_identifiers(expression).sql()</span>
</span><span id="L-18"><a href="#L-18"><span class="linenos">18</span></a><span class="sd"> 'SELECT bar.a AS a FROM "Foo".bar'</span>
</span><span id="L-19"><a href="#L-19"><span class="linenos">19</span></a>
</span><span id="L-20"><a href="#L-20"><span class="linenos">20</span></a><span class="sd"> Args:</span>
</span><span id="L-21"><a href="#L-21"><span class="linenos">21</span></a><span class="sd"> expression: The expression to transform.</span>
</span><span id="L-22"><a href="#L-22"><span class="linenos">22</span></a><span class="sd"> dialect: The dialect to use in order to decide how to normalize identifiers.</span>
</span><span id="L-23"><a href="#L-23"><span class="linenos">23</span></a>
</span><span id="L-24"><a href="#L-24"><span class="linenos">24</span></a><span class="sd"> Returns:</span>
</span><span id="L-25"><a href="#L-25"><span class="linenos">25</span></a><span class="sd"> The transformed expression.</span>
</span><span id="L-26"><a href="#L-26"><span class="linenos">26</span></a><span class="sd"> """</span>
</span><span id="L-27"><a href="#L-27"><span class="linenos">27</span></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">expression</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Dialect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_or_raise</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dialect</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">normalize_identifier</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">copy</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></pre></div>
</section>
<section id="normalize_identifiers">
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<span class="name">normalize_identifiers</span><span class="signature pdoc-code multiline">(<span class="param"> <span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="o">~</span><span class="n">E</span>,</span><span class="param"> <span class="n">dialect</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Union</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n"><a href="../dialects/dialect.html#Dialect">sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect</a></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Type</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n"><a href="../dialects/dialect.html#Dialect">sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect</a></span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">NoneType</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span></span><span class="return-annotation">) -> <span class="o">~</span><span class="n">E</span>:</span></span>
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<div class="pdoc-code codehilite"><pre><span></span><span id="normalize_identifiers-6"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-6"><span class="linenos"> 6</span></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">normalize_identifiers</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">E</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dialect</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">DialectType</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="n">E</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-7"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-7"><span class="linenos"> 7</span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""</span>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-8"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-8"><span class="linenos"> 8</span></a><span class="sd"> Normalize all unquoted identifiers to either lower or upper case, depending</span>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-9"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-9"><span class="linenos"> 9</span></a><span class="sd"> on the dialect. This essentially makes those identifiers case-insensitive.</span>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-10"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-10"><span class="linenos">10</span></a>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-11"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-11"><span class="linenos">11</span></a><span class="sd"> Note:</span>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-12"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-12"><span class="linenos">12</span></a><span class="sd"> Some dialects (e.g. BigQuery) treat identifiers as case-insensitive even</span>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-13"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-13"><span class="linenos">13</span></a><span class="sd"> when they're quoted, so in these cases all identifiers are normalized.</span>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-14"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-14"><span class="linenos">14</span></a>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-15"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-15"><span class="linenos">15</span></a><span class="sd"> Example:</span>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-16"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-16"><span class="linenos">16</span></a><span class="sd"> >>> import sqlglot</span>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-17"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-17"><span class="linenos">17</span></a><span class="sd"> >>> expression = sqlglot.parse_one('SELECT Bar.A AS A FROM "Foo".Bar')</span>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-18"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-18"><span class="linenos">18</span></a><span class="sd"> >>> normalize_identifiers(expression).sql()</span>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-19"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-19"><span class="linenos">19</span></a><span class="sd"> 'SELECT bar.a AS a FROM "Foo".bar'</span>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-20"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-20"><span class="linenos">20</span></a>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-21"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-21"><span class="linenos">21</span></a><span class="sd"> Args:</span>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-22"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-22"><span class="linenos">22</span></a><span class="sd"> expression: The expression to transform.</span>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-23"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-23"><span class="linenos">23</span></a><span class="sd"> dialect: The dialect to use in order to decide how to normalize identifiers.</span>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-24"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-24"><span class="linenos">24</span></a>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-25"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-25"><span class="linenos">25</span></a><span class="sd"> Returns:</span>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-26"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-26"><span class="linenos">26</span></a><span class="sd"> The transformed expression.</span>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-27"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-27"><span class="linenos">27</span></a><span class="sd"> """</span>
</span><span id="normalize_identifiers-28"><a href="#normalize_identifiers-28"><span class="linenos">28</span></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">expression</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Dialect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_or_raise</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dialect</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">normalize_identifier</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">copy</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></pre></div>
<div class="docstring"><p>Normalize all unquoted identifiers to either lower or upper case, depending
on the dialect. This essentially makes those identifiers case-insensitive.</p>
<h6 id="note">Note:</h6>
<blockquote>
<p>Some dialects (e.g. BigQuery) treat identifiers as case-insensitive even
when they're quoted, so in these cases all identifiers are normalized.</p>
</blockquote>
<h6 id="example">Example:</h6>
<blockquote>
<div class="pdoc-code codehilite">
<pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sqlglot</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">expression</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n"><a href="../../sqlglot.html#parse_one">sqlglot.parse_one</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'SELECT Bar.A AS A FROM "Foo".Bar'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">normalize_identifiers</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="go">'SELECT bar.a AS a FROM "Foo".bar'</span>
</code></pre>
</div>
</blockquote>
<h6 id="arguments">Arguments:</h6>
<ul>
<li><strong>expression:</strong> The expression to transform.</li>
<li><strong>dialect:</strong> The dialect to use in order to decide how to normalize identifiers.</li>
</ul>
<h6 id="returns">Returns:</h6>
<blockquote>
<p>The transformed expression.</p>
</blockquote>
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