path: root/man/ttyd.1

.nh
.TH ttyd 1 "September 2016" ttyd "User Manual"

.SH NAME
.PP
ttyd - Share your terminal over the web


.SH SYNOPSIS
.PP
\fBttyd\fP [options] <command> [<arguments...>]


.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
ttyd is a command-line tool for sharing terminal over the web that runs in *nix and windows systems, with the following features:

.RS
.IP \(bu 2
Built on top of Libwebsockets with libuv for speed
.IP \(bu 2
Fully-featured terminal based on Xterm.js with CJK (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) and IME support
.IP \(bu 2
Graphical ZMODEM integration with lrzsz support
.IP \(bu 2
Sixel image output support
.IP \(bu 2
SSL support based on OpenSSL
.IP \(bu 2
Run any custom command with options
.IP \(bu 2
Basic authentication support and many other custom options
.IP \(bu 2
Cross platform: macOS, Linux, FreeBSD/OpenBSD, OpenWrt/LEDE, Windows

.RE


.SH OPTIONS
.PP
-p, --port 
      Port to listen (default: 7681, use \fB\fC0\fR for random port)

.PP
-i, --interface 
      Network interface to bind (eg: eth0), or UNIX domain socket path (eg: /var/run/ttyd.sock)

.PP
-U, --socket-owner
      User owner of the UNIX domain socket file, when enabled (eg: user:group)

.PP
-c, --credential USER[:PASSWORD]
      Credential for Basic Authentication (format: username:password)

.PP
-H, --auth-header 
      HTTP Header name for auth proxy, this will configure ttyd to let a HTTP reverse proxy handle authentication

.PP
-u, --uid 
      User id to run with

.PP
-g, --gid 
      Group id to run with

.PP
-s, --signal 
      Signal to send to the command when exit it (default: 1, SIGHUP)

.PP
-w, --cwd 
      Working directory to be set for the child program

.PP
-a, --url-arg
      Allow client to send command line arguments in URL (eg: http://localhost:7681?arg=foo&arg=bar)

.PP
-W, --writable
      Allow clients to write to the TTY (readonly by default)

.PP
-t, --client-option 
      Send option to client (format: key=value), repeat to add more options, see \fBCLIENT OPTIONS\fP for details

.PP
-T, --terminal-type
      Terminal type to report, default: xterm-256color

.PP
-O, --check-origin
      Do not allow websocket connection from different origin

.PP
-m, --max-clients
      Maximum clients to support (default: 0, no limit)

.PP
-o, --once
      Accept only one client and exit on disconnection

.PP
-q, --exit-no-conn
      Exit on all clients disconnection

.PP
-B, --browser
      Open terminal with the default system browser

.PP
-I, --index 
      Custom index.html path

.PP
-b, --base-path
      Expected base path for requests coming from a reverse proxy (eg: /mounted/here, max length: 128)

.PP
-P, --ping-interval
      Websocket ping interval(sec) (default: 5)

.PP
-6, --ipv6
      Enable IPv6 support

.PP
-S, --ssl
      Enable SSL

.PP
-C, --ssl-cert 
      SSL certificate file path

.PP
-K, --ssl-key 
      SSL key file path

.PP
-A, --ssl-ca 
      SSL CA file path for client certificate verification

.PP
-d, --debug 
      Set log level (default: 7)

.PP
-v, --version
      Print the version and exit

.PP
-h, --help
      Print this text and exit


.SH CLIENT OPTIONS
.PP
ttyd has a mechanism to pass server side command-line arguments to the browser page which is called \fBclient options\fP:

.PP
.RS

.nf
-t, --client-option     Send option to client (format: key=value), repeat to add more options

.fi
.RE

.SH Basic usage
.RS
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\fC-t rendererType=canvas\fR: use the \fB\fCcanvas\fR renderer for xterm.js (default: \fB\fCwebgl\fR)
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\fC-t disableLeaveAlert=true\fR: disable the leave page alert
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\fC-t disableResizeOverlay=true\fR: disable the terminal resize overlay
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\fC-t disableReconnect=true\fR: prevent the terminal from reconnecting on connection error/close
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\fC-t enableZmodem=true\fR: enable ZMODEM
\[la]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZMODEM\[ra] / lrzsz
\[la]https://ohse.de/uwe/software/lrzsz.html\[ra] file transfer support
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\fC-t enableTrzsz=true\fR: enable trzsz
\[la]https://trzsz.github.io\[ra] file transfer support
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\fC-t enableSixel=true\fR: enable Sixel
\[la]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixel\[ra] image output support (Usage
\[la]https://saitoha.github.io/libsixel/\[ra])
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\fC-t titleFixed=hello\fR: set a fixed title for the browser window
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\fC-t fontSize=20\fR: change the font size of the terminal

.RE

.SH Advanced usage
.PP
You can use the client option to change all the settings of xterm defined in ITerminalOptions
\[la]https://xtermjs.org/docs/api/terminal/interfaces/iterminaloptions/\[ra], examples:

.RS
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\fC-t cursorStyle=bar\fR: set cursor style to \fB\fCbar\fR
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\fC-t lineHeight=1.5\fR: set line-height to \fB\fC1.5\fR
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\fC-t 'theme={"background": "green"}'\fR: set background color to \fB\fCgreen\fR

.RE

.PP
to try the example options above, run:

.PP
.RS

.nf
ttyd -t cursorStyle=bar -t lineHeight=1.5 -t 'theme={"background": "green"}' bash

.fi
.RE


.SH EXAMPLES
.PP
ttyd starts web server at port 7681 by default, you can use the -p option to change it, the command will be started with arguments as options. For example, run:

.PP
.RS

.nf
ttyd -p 8080 bash -x

.fi
.RE

.PP
Then open http://localhost:8080 with a browser, you will get a bash shell with debug mode enabled. More examples:

.RS
.IP \(bu 2
If you want to login with your system accounts on the web browser, run \fB\fCttyd login\fR\&.
.IP \(bu 2
You can even run a none shell command like vim, try: \fB\fCttyd vim\fR, the web browser will show you a vim editor.
.IP \(bu 2
Sharing single process with multiple clients: \fB\fCttyd tmux new -A -s ttyd vim\fR, run \fB\fCtmux new -A -s ttyd\fR to connect to the tmux session from terminal.

.RE


.SH SSL how-to
.PP
Generate SSL CA and self signed server/client certificates:

.PP
.RS

.nf
# CA certificate (FQDN must be different from server/client)
openssl genrsa -out ca.key 2048
openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -key ca.key -subj "/C=CN/ST=GD/L=SZ/O=Acme, Inc./CN=Acme Root CA" -out ca.crt

# server certificate (for multiple domains, change subjectAltName to: DNS:example.com,DNS:www.example.com)
openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout server.key -subj "/C=CN/ST=GD/L=SZ/O=Acme, Inc./CN=localhost" -out server.csr
openssl x509 -sha256 -req -extfile <(printf "subjectAltName=DNS:localhost") -days 365 -in server.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -out server.crt

# client certificate (the p12/pem format may be useful for some clients)
openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout client.key -subj "/C=CN/ST=GD/L=SZ/O=Acme, Inc./CN=client" -out client.csr
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in client.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -out client.crt
openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -in client.crt -inkey client.key -out client.p12
openssl pkcs12 -in client.p12 -out client.pem -clcerts

.fi
.RE

.PP
Then start ttyd:

.PP
.RS

.nf
ttyd --ssl --ssl-cert server.crt --ssl-key server.key --ssl-ca ca.crt bash

.fi
.RE

.PP
You may want to test the client certificate verification with \fIcurl\fP(1):

.PP
.RS

.nf
curl --insecure --cert client.p12[:password] -v https://localhost:7681

.fi
.RE

.PP
If you don't want to enable client certificate verification, remove the \fB\fC--ssl-ca\fR option.


.SH Docker and ttyd
.PP
Docker containers are jailed environments which are more secure, this is useful for protecting the host system, you may use ttyd with docker like this:

.RS
.IP \(bu 2
Sharing single docker container with multiple clients: docker run -it --rm -p 7681:7681 tsl0922/ttyd.
.IP \(bu 2
Creating new docker container for each client: ttyd docker run -it --rm ubuntu.

.RE


.SH Nginx reverse proxy
.PP
Sample config to proxy ttyd under the \fB\fC/ttyd\fR path:

.PP
.RS

.nf
location ~ ^/ttyd(.*)$ {
    proxy_http_version 1.1;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
    proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:7681/$1;
}

.fi
.RE


.SH AUTHOR
.PP
Shuanglei Tao <tsl0922@gmail.com> Visit https://github.com/tsl0922/ttyd to get more information and report bugs.