Adding upstream version 15.5.upstream/15.5

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 2098 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/polymorphism.out b/src/test/regress/expected/polymorphism.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cd558d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/polymorphism.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2098 @@
+--
+-- Tests for polymorphic SQL functions and aggregates based on them.
+-- Tests for other features related to function-calling have snuck in, too.
+--
+create function polyf(x anyelement) returns anyelement as $$
+  select x + 1
+$$ language sql;
+select polyf(42) as int, polyf(4.5) as num;
+ int | num 
+-----+-----
+  43 | 5.5
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(point(3,4));  -- fail for lack of + operator
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: point + integer
+LINE 2:   select x + 1
+                   ^
+HINT:  No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+QUERY:  
+  select x + 1
+
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "polyf" during inlining
+drop function polyf(x anyelement);
+create function polyf(x anyelement) returns anyarray as $$
+  select array[x + 1, x + 2]
+$$ language sql;
+select polyf(42) as int, polyf(4.5) as num;
+   int   |    num    
+---------+-----------
+ {43,44} | {5.5,6.5}
+(1 row)
+
+drop function polyf(x anyelement);
+create function polyf(x anyarray) returns anyelement as $$
+  select x[1]
+$$ language sql;
+select polyf(array[2,4]) as int, polyf(array[4.5, 7.7]) as num;
+ int | num 
+-----+-----
+   2 | 4.5
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(stavalues1) from pg_statistic;  -- fail, can't infer element type
+ERROR:  cannot determine element type of "anyarray" argument
+drop function polyf(x anyarray);
+create function polyf(x anyarray) returns anyarray as $$
+  select x
+$$ language sql;
+select polyf(array[2,4]) as int, polyf(array[4.5, 7.7]) as num;
+  int  |    num    
+-------+-----------
+ {2,4} | {4.5,7.7}
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(stavalues1) from pg_statistic;  -- fail, can't infer element type
+ERROR:  return type anyarray is not supported for SQL functions
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "polyf" during inlining
+drop function polyf(x anyarray);
+-- fail, can't infer type:
+create function polyf(x anyelement) returns anyrange as $$
+  select array[x + 1, x + 2]
+$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyrange requires at least one input of type anyrange or anymultirange.
+create function polyf(x anyrange) returns anyarray as $$
+  select array[lower(x), upper(x)]
+$$ language sql;
+select polyf(int4range(42, 49)) as int, polyf(float8range(4.5, 7.8)) as num;
+   int   |    num    
+---------+-----------
+ {42,49} | {4.5,7.8}
+(1 row)
+
+drop function polyf(x anyrange);
+create function polyf(x anycompatible, y anycompatible) returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[x, y]
+$$ language sql;
+select polyf(2, 4) as int, polyf(2, 4.5) as num;
+  int  |   num   
+-------+---------
+ {2,4} | {2,4.5}
+(1 row)
+
+drop function polyf(x anycompatible, y anycompatible);
+create function polyf(x anycompatiblerange, y anycompatible, z anycompatible) returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[lower(x), upper(x), y, z]
+$$ language sql;
+select polyf(int4range(42, 49), 11, 2::smallint) as int, polyf(float8range(4.5, 7.8), 7.8, 11::real) as num;
+     int      |       num        
+--------------+------------------
+ {42,49,11,2} | {4.5,7.8,7.8,11}
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(int4range(42, 49), 11, 4.5) as fail;  -- range type doesn't fit
+ERROR:  function polyf(int4range, integer, numeric) does not exist
+LINE 1: select polyf(int4range(42, 49), 11, 4.5) as fail;
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function polyf(x anycompatiblerange, y anycompatible, z anycompatible);
+create function polyf(x anycompatiblemultirange, y anycompatible, z anycompatible) returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[lower(x), upper(x), y, z]
+$$ language sql;
+select polyf(multirange(int4range(42, 49)), 11, 2::smallint) as int, polyf(multirange(float8range(4.5, 7.8)), 7.8, 11::real) as num;
+     int      |       num        
+--------------+------------------
+ {42,49,11,2} | {4.5,7.8,7.8,11}
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(multirange(int4range(42, 49)), 11, 4.5) as fail;  -- range type doesn't fit
+ERROR:  function polyf(int4multirange, integer, numeric) does not exist
+LINE 1: select polyf(multirange(int4range(42, 49)), 11, 4.5) as fail...
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function polyf(x anycompatiblemultirange, y anycompatible, z anycompatible);
+-- fail, can't infer type:
+create function polyf(x anycompatible) returns anycompatiblerange as $$
+  select array[x + 1, x + 2]
+$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anycompatiblerange requires at least one input of type anycompatiblerange or anycompatiblemultirange.
+create function polyf(x anycompatiblerange, y anycompatiblearray) returns anycompatiblerange as $$
+  select x
+$$ language sql;
+select polyf(int4range(42, 49), array[11]) as int, polyf(float8range(4.5, 7.8), array[7]) as num;
+   int   |    num    
+---------+-----------
+ [42,49) | [4.5,7.8)
+(1 row)
+
+drop function polyf(x anycompatiblerange, y anycompatiblearray);
+-- fail, can't infer type:
+create function polyf(x anycompatible) returns anycompatiblemultirange as $$
+  select array[x + 1, x + 2]
+$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anycompatiblemultirange requires at least one input of type anycompatiblerange or anycompatiblemultirange.
+create function polyf(x anycompatiblemultirange, y anycompatiblearray) returns anycompatiblemultirange as $$
+  select x
+$$ language sql;
+select polyf(multirange(int4range(42, 49)), array[11]) as int, polyf(multirange(float8range(4.5, 7.8)), array[7]) as num;
+    int    |     num     
+-----------+-------------
+ {[42,49)} | {[4.5,7.8)}
+(1 row)
+
+drop function polyf(x anycompatiblemultirange, y anycompatiblearray);
+create function polyf(a anyelement, b anyarray,
+                      c anycompatible, d anycompatible,
+                      OUT x anyarray, OUT y anycompatiblearray)
+as $$
+  select a || b, array[c, d]
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x), y, pg_typeof(y)
+  from polyf(11, array[1, 2], 42, 34.5);
+    x     | pg_typeof |     y     | pg_typeof 
+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
+ {11,1,2} | integer[] | {42,34.5} | numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x), y, pg_typeof(y)
+  from polyf(11, array[1, 2], point(1,2), point(3,4));
+    x     | pg_typeof |         y         | pg_typeof 
+----------+-----------+-------------------+-----------
+ {11,1,2} | integer[] | {"(1,2)","(3,4)"} | point[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x), y, pg_typeof(y)
+  from polyf(11, '{1,2}', point(1,2), '(3,4)');
+    x     | pg_typeof |         y         | pg_typeof 
+----------+-----------+-------------------+-----------
+ {11,1,2} | integer[] | {"(1,2)","(3,4)"} | point[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x), y, pg_typeof(y)
+  from polyf(11, array[1, 2.2], 42, 34.5);  -- fail
+ERROR:  function polyf(integer, numeric[], integer, numeric) does not exist
+LINE 2:   from polyf(11, array[1, 2.2], 42, 34.5);
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function polyf(a anyelement, b anyarray,
+                    c anycompatible, d anycompatible);
+create function polyf(anyrange) returns anymultirange
+as 'select multirange($1);' language sql;
+select polyf(int4range(1,10));
+  polyf   
+----------
+ {[1,10)}
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(null);
+ERROR:  could not determine polymorphic type because input has type unknown
+drop function polyf(anyrange);
+create function polyf(anymultirange) returns anyelement
+as 'select lower($1);' language sql;
+select polyf(int4multirange(int4range(1,10), int4range(20,30)));
+ polyf 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(null);
+ERROR:  could not determine polymorphic type because input has type unknown
+drop function polyf(anymultirange);
+create function polyf(anycompatiblerange) returns anycompatiblemultirange
+as 'select multirange($1);' language sql;
+select polyf(int4range(1,10));
+  polyf   
+----------
+ {[1,10)}
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(null);
+ERROR:  could not determine polymorphic type anycompatiblerange because input has type unknown
+drop function polyf(anycompatiblerange);
+create function polyf(anymultirange) returns anyrange
+as 'select range_merge($1);' language sql;
+select polyf(int4multirange(int4range(1,10), int4range(20,30)));
+ polyf  
+--------
+ [1,30)
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(null);
+ERROR:  could not determine polymorphic type because input has type unknown
+drop function polyf(anymultirange);
+create function polyf(anycompatiblemultirange) returns anycompatiblerange
+as 'select range_merge($1);' language sql;
+select polyf(int4multirange(int4range(1,10), int4range(20,30)));
+ polyf  
+--------
+ [1,30)
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(null);
+ERROR:  could not determine polymorphic type anycompatiblerange because input has type unknown
+drop function polyf(anycompatiblemultirange);
+create function polyf(anycompatiblemultirange) returns anycompatible
+as 'select lower($1);' language sql;
+select polyf(int4multirange(int4range(1,10), int4range(20,30)));
+ polyf 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(null);
+ERROR:  could not determine polymorphic type anycompatiblemultirange because input has type unknown
+drop function polyf(anycompatiblemultirange);
+--
+-- Polymorphic aggregate tests
+--
+-- Legend:
+-----------
+-- A = type is ANY
+-- P = type is polymorphic
+-- N = type is non-polymorphic
+-- B = aggregate base type
+-- S = aggregate state type
+-- R = aggregate return type
+-- 1 = arg1 of a function
+-- 2 = arg2 of a function
+-- ag = aggregate
+-- tf = trans (state) function
+-- ff = final function
+-- rt = return type of a function
+-- -> = implies
+-- => = allowed
+-- !> = not allowed
+-- E  = exists
+-- NE = not-exists
+--
+-- Possible states:
+-- ----------------
+-- B = (A || P || N)
+--   when (B = A) -> (tf2 = NE)
+-- S = (P || N)
+-- ff = (E || NE)
+-- tf1 = (P || N)
+-- tf2 = (NE || P || N)
+-- R = (P || N)
+-- create functions for use as tf and ff with the needed combinations of
+-- argument polymorphism, but within the constraints of valid aggregate
+-- functions, i.e. tf arg1 and tf return type must match
+-- polymorphic single arg transfn
+CREATE FUNCTION stfp(anyarray) RETURNS anyarray AS
+'select $1' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- non-polymorphic single arg transfn
+CREATE FUNCTION stfnp(int[]) RETURNS int[] AS
+'select $1' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- dual polymorphic transfn
+CREATE FUNCTION tfp(anyarray,anyelement) RETURNS anyarray AS
+'select $1 || $2' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- dual non-polymorphic transfn
+CREATE FUNCTION tfnp(int[],int) RETURNS int[] AS
+'select $1 || $2' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- arg1 only polymorphic transfn
+CREATE FUNCTION tf1p(anyarray,int) RETURNS anyarray AS
+'select $1' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- arg2 only polymorphic transfn
+CREATE FUNCTION tf2p(int[],anyelement) RETURNS int[] AS
+'select $1' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- multi-arg polymorphic
+CREATE FUNCTION sum3(anyelement,anyelement,anyelement) returns anyelement AS
+'select $1+$2+$3' language sql strict;
+-- finalfn polymorphic
+CREATE FUNCTION ffp(anyarray) RETURNS anyarray AS
+'select $1' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- finalfn non-polymorphic
+CREATE FUNCTION ffnp(int[]) returns int[] as
+'select $1' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- Try to cover all the possible states:
+--
+-- Note: in Cases 1 & 2, we are trying to return P. Therefore, if the transfn
+-- is stfnp, tfnp, or tf2p, we must use ffp as finalfn, because stfnp, tfnp,
+-- and tf2p do not return P. Conversely, in Cases 3 & 4, we are trying to
+-- return N. Therefore, if the transfn is stfp, tfp, or tf1p, we must use ffnp
+-- as finalfn, because stfp, tfp, and tf1p do not return N.
+--
+--     Case1 (R = P) && (B = A)
+--     ------------------------
+--     S    tf1
+--     -------
+--     N    N
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp01a(*) (SFUNC = stfnp, STYPE = int4[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+--     P    N
+-- should ERROR: stfnp(anyarray) not matched by stfnp(int[])
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp02a(*) (SFUNC = stfnp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--     N    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp03a(*) (SFUNC = stfp, STYPE = int4[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp03b(*) (SFUNC = stfp, STYPE = int4[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+--     P    P
+-- should ERROR: we have no way to resolve S
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp04a(*) (SFUNC = stfp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp04b(*) (SFUNC = stfp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--    Case2 (R = P) && ((B = P) || (B = N))
+--    -------------------------------------
+--    S    tf1      B    tf2
+--    -----------------------
+--    N    N        N    N
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp05a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+--    N    N        N    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp06a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+--    N    N        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tfnp(int[], anyelement) not matched by tfnp(int[], int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp07a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tfnp(integer[], anyelement) does not exist
+--    N    N        P    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp08a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+--    N    P        N    N
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp09a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp09b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+--    N    P        N    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp10a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp10b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+--    N    P        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tf1p(int[],anyelement) not matched by tf1p(anyarray,int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp11a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tf1p(integer[], anyelement) does not exist
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp11b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tf1p(integer[], anyelement) does not exist
+--    N    P        P    P
+-- should ERROR: tfp(int[],anyelement) not matched by tfp(anyarray,anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp12a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tfp(integer[], anyelement) does not exist
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp12b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tfp(integer[], anyelement) does not exist
+--    P    N        N    N
+-- should ERROR: tfnp(anyarray, int) not matched by tfnp(int[],int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp13a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--    P    N        N    P
+-- should ERROR: tf2p(anyarray, int) not matched by tf2p(int[],anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp14a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--    P    N        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tfnp(anyarray, anyelement) not matched by tfnp(int[],int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp15a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfnp,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tfnp(anyarray, anyelement) does not exist
+--    P    N        P    P
+-- should ERROR: tf2p(anyarray, anyelement) not matched by tf2p(int[],anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp16a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf2p,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tf2p(anyarray, anyelement) does not exist
+--    P    P        N    N
+-- should ERROR: we have no way to resolve S
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp17a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp17b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = anyarray,
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--    P    P        N    P
+-- should ERROR: tfp(anyarray, int) not matched by tfp(anyarray, anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp18a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp18b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--    P    P        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tf1p(anyarray, anyelement) not matched by tf1p(anyarray, int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp19a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf1p,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tf1p(anyarray, anyelement) does not exist
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp19b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf1p,
+  STYPE = anyarray, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tf1p(anyarray, anyelement) does not exist
+--    P    P        P    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp20a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfp,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp20b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfp,
+  STYPE = anyarray, INITCOND = '{}');
+--     Case3 (R = N) && (B = A)
+--     ------------------------
+--     S    tf1
+--     -------
+--     N    N
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn01a(*) (SFUNC = stfnp, STYPE = int4[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn01b(*) (SFUNC = stfnp, STYPE = int4[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+--     P    N
+-- should ERROR: stfnp(anyarray) not matched by stfnp(int[])
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn02a(*) (SFUNC = stfnp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn02b(*) (SFUNC = stfnp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--     N    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn03a(*) (SFUNC = stfp, STYPE = int4[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+--     P    P
+-- should ERROR: ffnp(anyarray) not matched by ffnp(int[])
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn04a(*) (SFUNC = stfp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--    Case4 (R = N) && ((B = P) || (B = N))
+--    -------------------------------------
+--    S    tf1      B    tf2
+--    -----------------------
+--    N    N        N    N
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn05a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn05b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+--    N    N        N    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn06a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn06b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+--    N    N        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tfnp(int[], anyelement) not matched by tfnp(int[], int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn07a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tfnp(integer[], anyelement) does not exist
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn07b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tfnp(integer[], anyelement) does not exist
+--    N    N        P    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn08a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn08b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+--    N    P        N    N
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn09a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+--    N    P        N    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn10a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+--    N    P        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tf1p(int[],anyelement) not matched by tf1p(anyarray,int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn11a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tf1p(integer[], anyelement) does not exist
+--    N    P        P    P
+-- should ERROR: tfp(int[],anyelement) not matched by tfp(anyarray,anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn12a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tfp(integer[], anyelement) does not exist
+--    P    N        N    N
+-- should ERROR: tfnp(anyarray, int) not matched by tfnp(int[],int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn13a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn13b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--    P    N        N    P
+-- should ERROR: tf2p(anyarray, int) not matched by tf2p(int[],anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn14a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn14b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = anyarray,
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--    P    N        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tfnp(anyarray, anyelement) not matched by tfnp(int[],int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn15a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfnp,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tfnp(anyarray, anyelement) does not exist
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn15b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfnp,
+  STYPE = anyarray, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tfnp(anyarray, anyelement) does not exist
+--    P    N        P    P
+-- should ERROR: tf2p(anyarray, anyelement) not matched by tf2p(int[],anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn16a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf2p,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tf2p(anyarray, anyelement) does not exist
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn16b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf2p,
+  STYPE = anyarray, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tf2p(anyarray, anyelement) does not exist
+--    P    P        N    N
+-- should ERROR: ffnp(anyarray) not matched by ffnp(int[])
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn17a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--    P    P        N    P
+-- should ERROR: tfp(anyarray, int) not matched by tfp(anyarray, anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn18a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--    P    P        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tf1p(anyarray, anyelement) not matched by tf1p(anyarray, int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn19a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf1p,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tf1p(anyarray, anyelement) does not exist
+--    P    P        P    P
+-- should ERROR: ffnp(anyarray) not matched by ffnp(int[])
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn20a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfp,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function ffnp(anyarray) does not exist
+-- multi-arg polymorphic
+CREATE AGGREGATE mysum2(anyelement,anyelement) (SFUNC = sum3,
+  STYPE = anyelement, INITCOND = '0');
+-- create test data for polymorphic aggregates
+create temp table t(f1 int, f2 int[], f3 text);
+insert into t values(1,array[1],'a');
+insert into t values(1,array[11],'b');
+insert into t values(1,array[111],'c');
+insert into t values(2,array[2],'a');
+insert into t values(2,array[22],'b');
+insert into t values(2,array[222],'c');
+insert into t values(3,array[3],'a');
+insert into t values(3,array[3],'b');
+-- test the successfully created polymorphic aggregates
+select f3, myaggp01a(*) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp01a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp03a(*) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp03a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp03b(*) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp03b 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp05a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp05a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {1,2,3}
+ b  | {1,2,3}
+ c  | {1,2}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp06a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp06a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp08a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp08a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp09a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp09a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp09b(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp09b 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp10a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp10a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {1,2,3}
+ b  | {1,2,3}
+ c  | {1,2}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp10b(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp10b 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {1,2,3}
+ b  | {1,2,3}
+ c  | {1,2}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp20a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp20a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {1,2,3}
+ b  | {1,2,3}
+ c  | {1,2}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp20b(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp20b 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {1,2,3}
+ b  | {1,2,3}
+ c  | {1,2}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn01a(*) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn01a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn01b(*) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn01b 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn03a(*) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn03a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn05a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn05a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {1,2,3}
+ b  | {1,2,3}
+ c  | {1,2}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn05b(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn05b 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {1,2,3}
+ b  | {1,2,3}
+ c  | {1,2}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn06a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn06a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn06b(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn06b 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn08a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn08a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn08b(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn08b 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn09a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn09a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn10a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn10a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {1,2,3}
+ b  | {1,2,3}
+ c  | {1,2}
+(3 rows)
+
+select mysum2(f1, f1 + 1) from t;
+ mysum2 
+--------
+     38
+(1 row)
+
+-- test inlining of polymorphic SQL functions
+create function bleat(int) returns int as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'bleat %', $1;
+  return $1;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+create function sql_if(bool, anyelement, anyelement) returns anyelement as $$
+select case when $1 then $2 else $3 end $$ language sql;
+-- Note this would fail with integer overflow, never mind wrong bleat() output,
+-- if the CASE expression were not successfully inlined
+select f1, sql_if(f1 > 0, bleat(f1), bleat(f1 + 1)) from int4_tbl;
+NOTICE:  bleat 1
+NOTICE:  bleat 123456
+NOTICE:  bleat -123455
+NOTICE:  bleat 2147483647
+NOTICE:  bleat -2147483646
+     f1      |   sql_if    
+-------------+-------------
+           0 |           1
+      123456 |      123456
+     -123456 |     -123455
+  2147483647 |  2147483647
+ -2147483647 | -2147483646
+(5 rows)
+
+select q2, sql_if(q2 > 0, q2, q2 + 1) from int8_tbl;
+        q2         |      sql_if       
+-------------------+-------------------
+               456 |               456
+  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+               123 |               123
+  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ -4567890123456789 | -4567890123456788
+(5 rows)
+
+-- another sort of polymorphic aggregate
+CREATE AGGREGATE array_larger_accum (anyarray)
+(
+    sfunc = array_larger,
+    stype = anyarray,
+    initcond = '{}'
+);
+SELECT array_larger_accum(i)
+FROM (VALUES (ARRAY[1,2]), (ARRAY[3,4])) as t(i);
+ array_larger_accum 
+--------------------
+ {3,4}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_larger_accum(i)
+FROM (VALUES (ARRAY[row(1,2),row(3,4)]), (ARRAY[row(5,6),row(7,8)])) as t(i);
+ array_larger_accum 
+--------------------
+ {"(5,6)","(7,8)"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- another kind of polymorphic aggregate
+create function add_group(grp anyarray, ad anyelement, size integer)
+  returns anyarray
+  as $$
+begin
+  if grp is null then
+    return array[ad];
+  end if;
+  if array_upper(grp, 1) < size then
+    return grp || ad;
+  end if;
+  return grp;
+end;
+$$
+  language plpgsql immutable;
+create aggregate build_group(anyelement, integer) (
+  SFUNC = add_group,
+  STYPE = anyarray
+);
+select build_group(q1,3) from int8_tbl;
+        build_group         
+----------------------------
+ {123,123,4567890123456789}
+(1 row)
+
+-- this should fail because stype isn't compatible with arg
+create aggregate build_group(int8, integer) (
+  SFUNC = add_group,
+  STYPE = int2[]
+);
+ERROR:  function add_group(smallint[], bigint, integer) does not exist
+-- but we can make a non-poly agg from a poly sfunc if types are OK
+create aggregate build_group(int8, integer) (
+  SFUNC = add_group,
+  STYPE = int8[]
+);
+-- check proper resolution of data types for polymorphic transfn/finalfn
+create function first_el_transfn(anyarray, anyelement) returns anyarray as
+'select $1 || $2' language sql immutable;
+create function first_el(anyarray) returns anyelement as
+'select $1[1]' language sql strict immutable;
+create aggregate first_el_agg_f8(float8) (
+  SFUNC = array_append,
+  STYPE = float8[],
+  FINALFUNC = first_el
+);
+create aggregate first_el_agg_any(anyelement) (
+  SFUNC = first_el_transfn,
+  STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = first_el
+);
+select first_el_agg_f8(x::float8) from generate_series(1,10) x;
+ first_el_agg_f8 
+-----------------
+               1
+(1 row)
+
+select first_el_agg_any(x) from generate_series(1,10) x;
+ first_el_agg_any 
+------------------
+                1
+(1 row)
+
+select first_el_agg_f8(x::float8) over(order by x) from generate_series(1,10) x;
+ first_el_agg_f8 
+-----------------
+               1
+               1
+               1
+               1
+               1
+               1
+               1
+               1
+               1
+               1
+(10 rows)
+
+select first_el_agg_any(x) over(order by x) from generate_series(1,10) x;
+ first_el_agg_any 
+------------------
+                1
+                1
+                1
+                1
+                1
+                1
+                1
+                1
+                1
+                1
+(10 rows)
+
+-- check that we can apply functions taking ANYARRAY to pg_stats
+select distinct array_ndims(histogram_bounds) from pg_stats
+where histogram_bounds is not null;
+ array_ndims 
+-------------
+           1
+(1 row)
+
+-- such functions must protect themselves if varying element type isn't OK
+-- (WHERE clause here is to avoid possibly getting a collation error instead)
+select max(histogram_bounds) from pg_stats where tablename = 'pg_am';
+ERROR:  cannot compare arrays of different element types
+-- another corner case is the input functions for polymorphic pseudotypes
+select array_in('{1,2,3}','int4'::regtype,-1);  -- this has historically worked
+ array_in 
+----------
+ {1,2,3}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from array_in('{1,2,3}','int4'::regtype,-1);  -- this not
+ERROR:  function "array_in" in FROM has unsupported return type anyarray
+LINE 1: select * from array_in('{1,2,3}','int4'::regtype,-1);
+                      ^
+select anyrange_in('[10,20)','int4range'::regtype,-1);
+ERROR:  cannot accept a value of type anyrange
+-- test variadic polymorphic functions
+create function myleast(variadic anyarray) returns anyelement as $$
+  select min($1[i]) from generate_subscripts($1,1) g(i)
+$$ language sql immutable strict;
+select myleast(10, 1, 20, 33);
+ myleast 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+select myleast(1.1, 0.22, 0.55);
+ myleast 
+---------
+    0.22
+(1 row)
+
+select myleast('z'::text);
+ myleast 
+---------
+ z
+(1 row)
+
+select myleast(); -- fail
+ERROR:  function myleast() does not exist
+LINE 1: select myleast();
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+-- test with variadic call parameter
+select myleast(variadic array[1,2,3,4,-1]);
+ myleast 
+---------
+      -1
+(1 row)
+
+select myleast(variadic array[1.1, -5.5]);
+ myleast 
+---------
+    -5.5
+(1 row)
+
+--test with empty variadic call parameter
+select myleast(variadic array[]::int[]);
+ myleast 
+---------
+        
+(1 row)
+
+-- an example with some ordinary arguments too
+create function concat(text, variadic anyarray) returns text as $$
+  select array_to_string($2, $1);
+$$ language sql immutable strict;
+select concat('%', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+  concat   
+-----------
+ 1%2%3%4%5
+(1 row)
+
+select concat('|', 'a'::text, 'b', 'c');
+ concat 
+--------
+ a|b|c
+(1 row)
+
+select concat('|', variadic array[1,2,33]);
+ concat 
+--------
+ 1|2|33
+(1 row)
+
+select concat('|', variadic array[]::int[]);
+ concat 
+--------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+drop function concat(text, anyarray);
+-- mix variadic with anyelement
+create function formarray(anyelement, variadic anyarray) returns anyarray as $$
+  select array_prepend($1, $2);
+$$ language sql immutable strict;
+select formarray(1,2,3,4,5);
+  formarray  
+-------------
+ {1,2,3,4,5}
+(1 row)
+
+select formarray(1.1, variadic array[1.2,55.5]);
+   formarray    
+----------------
+ {1.1,1.2,55.5}
+(1 row)
+
+select formarray(1.1, array[1.2,55.5]); -- fail without variadic
+ERROR:  function formarray(numeric, numeric[]) does not exist
+LINE 1: select formarray(1.1, array[1.2,55.5]);
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select formarray(1, 'x'::text); -- fail, type mismatch
+ERROR:  function formarray(integer, text) does not exist
+LINE 1: select formarray(1, 'x'::text);
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select formarray(1, variadic array['x'::text]); -- fail, type mismatch
+ERROR:  function formarray(integer, text[]) does not exist
+LINE 1: select formarray(1, variadic array['x'::text]);
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function formarray(anyelement, variadic anyarray);
+-- test pg_typeof() function
+select pg_typeof(null);           -- unknown
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ unknown
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof(0);              -- integer
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ integer
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof(0.0);            -- numeric
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ numeric
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof(1+1 = 2);        -- boolean
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ boolean
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof('x');            -- unknown
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ unknown
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof('' || '');       -- text
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ text
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof(pg_typeof(0));   -- regtype
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ regtype
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof(array[1.2,55.5]); -- numeric[]
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof(myleast(10, 1, 20, 33));  -- polymorphic input
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ integer
+(1 row)
+
+-- test functions with default parameters
+-- test basic functionality
+create function dfunc(a int = 1, int = 2) returns int as $$
+  select $1 + $2;
+$$ language sql;
+select dfunc();
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(10);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+    12
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(10, 20);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+    30
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(10, 20, 30);  -- fail
+ERROR:  function dfunc(integer, integer, integer) does not exist
+LINE 1: select dfunc(10, 20, 30);
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function dfunc();  -- fail
+ERROR:  function dfunc() does not exist
+drop function dfunc(int);  -- fail
+ERROR:  function dfunc(integer) does not exist
+drop function dfunc(int, int);  -- ok
+-- fail: defaults must be at end of argument list
+create function dfunc(a int = 1, b int) returns int as $$
+  select $1 + $2;
+$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  input parameters after one with a default value must also have defaults
+-- however, this should work:
+create function dfunc(a int = 1, out sum int, b int = 2) as $$
+  select $1 + $2;
+$$ language sql;
+select dfunc();
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+-- verify it lists properly
+\df dfunc
+                                          List of functions
+ Schema | Name  | Result data type |                    Argument data types                    | Type 
+--------+-------+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+------
+ public | dfunc | integer          | a integer DEFAULT 1, OUT sum integer, b integer DEFAULT 2 | func
+(1 row)
+
+drop function dfunc(int, int);
+-- check implicit coercion
+create function dfunc(a int DEFAULT 1.0, int DEFAULT '-1') returns int as $$
+  select $1 + $2;
+$$ language sql;
+select dfunc();
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+create function dfunc(a text DEFAULT 'Hello', b text DEFAULT 'World') returns text as $$
+  select $1 || ', ' || $2;
+$$ language sql;
+select dfunc();  -- fail: which dfunc should be called? int or text
+ERROR:  function dfunc() is not unique
+LINE 1: select dfunc();
+               ^
+HINT:  Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select dfunc('Hi');  -- ok
+   dfunc   
+-----------
+ Hi, World
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('Hi', 'City');  -- ok
+  dfunc   
+----------
+ Hi, City
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(0);  -- ok
+ dfunc 
+-------
+    -1
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(10, 20);  -- ok
+ dfunc 
+-------
+    30
+(1 row)
+
+drop function dfunc(int, int);
+drop function dfunc(text, text);
+create function dfunc(int = 1, int = 2) returns int as $$
+  select 2;
+$$ language sql;
+create function dfunc(int = 1, int = 2, int = 3, int = 4) returns int as $$
+  select 4;
+$$ language sql;
+-- Now, dfunc(nargs = 2) and dfunc(nargs = 4) are ambiguous when called
+-- with 0 to 2 arguments.
+select dfunc();  -- fail
+ERROR:  function dfunc() is not unique
+LINE 1: select dfunc();
+               ^
+HINT:  Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select dfunc(1);  -- fail
+ERROR:  function dfunc(integer) is not unique
+LINE 1: select dfunc(1);
+               ^
+HINT:  Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select dfunc(1, 2);  -- fail
+ERROR:  function dfunc(integer, integer) is not unique
+LINE 1: select dfunc(1, 2);
+               ^
+HINT:  Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select dfunc(1, 2, 3);  -- ok
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     4
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(1, 2, 3, 4);  -- ok
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     4
+(1 row)
+
+drop function dfunc(int, int);
+drop function dfunc(int, int, int, int);
+-- default values are not allowed for output parameters
+create function dfunc(out int = 20) returns int as $$
+  select 1;
+$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  only input parameters can have default values
+-- polymorphic parameter test
+create function dfunc(anyelement = 'World'::text) returns text as $$
+  select 'Hello, ' || $1::text;
+$$ language sql;
+select dfunc();
+    dfunc     
+--------------
+ Hello, World
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(0);
+  dfunc   
+----------
+ Hello, 0
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(to_date('20081215','YYYYMMDD'));
+       dfunc       
+-------------------
+ Hello, 12-15-2008
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('City'::text);
+    dfunc    
+-------------
+ Hello, City
+(1 row)
+
+drop function dfunc(anyelement);
+-- check defaults for variadics
+create function dfunc(a variadic int[]) returns int as
+$$ select array_upper($1, 1) $$ language sql;
+select dfunc();  -- fail
+ERROR:  function dfunc() does not exist
+LINE 1: select dfunc();
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select dfunc(10);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(10,20);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace function dfunc(a variadic int[] default array[]::int[]) returns int as
+$$ select array_upper($1, 1) $$ language sql;
+select dfunc();  -- now ok
+ dfunc 
+-------
+      
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(10);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(10,20);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+-- can't remove the default once it exists
+create or replace function dfunc(a variadic int[]) returns int as
+$$ select array_upper($1, 1) $$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot remove parameter defaults from existing function
+HINT:  Use DROP FUNCTION dfunc(integer[]) first.
+\df dfunc
+                                     List of functions
+ Schema | Name  | Result data type |               Argument data types               | Type 
+--------+-------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+------
+ public | dfunc | integer          | VARIADIC a integer[] DEFAULT ARRAY[]::integer[] | func
+(1 row)
+
+drop function dfunc(a variadic int[]);
+-- Ambiguity should be reported only if there's not a better match available
+create function dfunc(int = 1, int = 2, int = 3) returns int as $$
+  select 3;
+$$ language sql;
+create function dfunc(int = 1, int = 2) returns int as $$
+  select 2;
+$$ language sql;
+create function dfunc(text) returns text as $$
+  select $1;
+$$ language sql;
+-- dfunc(narg=2) and dfunc(narg=3) are ambiguous
+select dfunc(1);  -- fail
+ERROR:  function dfunc(integer) is not unique
+LINE 1: select dfunc(1);
+               ^
+HINT:  Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+-- but this works since the ambiguous functions aren't preferred anyway
+select dfunc('Hi');
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ Hi
+(1 row)
+
+drop function dfunc(int, int, int);
+drop function dfunc(int, int);
+drop function dfunc(text);
+--
+-- Tests for named- and mixed-notation function calling
+--
+create function dfunc(a int, b int, c int = 0, d int = 0)
+  returns table (a int, b int, c int, d int) as $$
+  select $1, $2, $3, $4;
+$$ language sql;
+select (dfunc(10,20,30)).*;
+ a  | b  | c  | d 
+----+----+----+---
+ 10 | 20 | 30 | 0
+(1 row)
+
+select (dfunc(a := 10, b := 20, c := 30)).*;
+ a  | b  | c  | d 
+----+----+----+---
+ 10 | 20 | 30 | 0
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc(a := 10, b := 20);
+ a  | b  | c | d 
+----+----+---+---
+ 10 | 20 | 0 | 0
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc(b := 10, a := 20);
+ a  | b  | c | d 
+----+----+---+---
+ 20 | 10 | 0 | 0
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc(0);  -- fail
+ERROR:  function dfunc(integer) does not exist
+LINE 1: select * from dfunc(0);
+                      ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select * from dfunc(1,2);
+ a | b | c | d 
+---+---+---+---
+ 1 | 2 | 0 | 0
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc(1,2,c := 3);
+ a | b | c | d 
+---+---+---+---
+ 1 | 2 | 3 | 0
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc(1,2,d := 3);
+ a | b | c | d 
+---+---+---+---
+ 1 | 2 | 0 | 3
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc(x := 20, b := 10, x := 30);  -- fail, duplicate name
+ERROR:  argument name "x" used more than once
+LINE 1: select * from dfunc(x := 20, b := 10, x := 30);
+                                              ^
+select * from dfunc(10, b := 20, 30);  -- fail, named args must be last
+ERROR:  positional argument cannot follow named argument
+LINE 1: select * from dfunc(10, b := 20, 30);
+                                         ^
+select * from dfunc(x := 10, b := 20, c := 30);  -- fail, unknown param
+ERROR:  function dfunc(x => integer, b => integer, c => integer) does not exist
+LINE 1: select * from dfunc(x := 10, b := 20, c := 30);
+                      ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select * from dfunc(10, 10, a := 20);  -- fail, a overlaps positional parameter
+ERROR:  function dfunc(integer, integer, a => integer) does not exist
+LINE 1: select * from dfunc(10, 10, a := 20);
+                      ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select * from dfunc(1,c := 2,d := 3); -- fail, no value for b
+ERROR:  function dfunc(integer, c => integer, d => integer) does not exist
+LINE 1: select * from dfunc(1,c := 2,d := 3);
+                      ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function dfunc(int, int, int, int);
+-- test with different parameter types
+create function dfunc(a varchar, b numeric, c date = current_date)
+  returns table (a varchar, b numeric, c date) as $$
+  select $1, $2, $3;
+$$ language sql;
+select (dfunc('Hello World', 20, '2009-07-25'::date)).*;
+      a      | b  |     c      
+-------------+----+------------
+ Hello World | 20 | 07-25-2009
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc('Hello World', 20, '2009-07-25'::date);
+      a      | b  |     c      
+-------------+----+------------
+ Hello World | 20 | 07-25-2009
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc(c := '2009-07-25'::date, a := 'Hello World', b := 20);
+      a      | b  |     c      
+-------------+----+------------
+ Hello World | 20 | 07-25-2009
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc('Hello World', b := 20, c := '2009-07-25'::date);
+      a      | b  |     c      
+-------------+----+------------
+ Hello World | 20 | 07-25-2009
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc('Hello World', c := '2009-07-25'::date, b := 20);
+      a      | b  |     c      
+-------------+----+------------
+ Hello World | 20 | 07-25-2009
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc('Hello World', c := 20, b := '2009-07-25'::date);  -- fail
+ERROR:  function dfunc(unknown, c => integer, b => date) does not exist
+LINE 1: select * from dfunc('Hello World', c := 20, b := '2009-07-25...
+                      ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function dfunc(varchar, numeric, date);
+-- test out parameters with named params
+create function dfunc(a varchar = 'def a', out _a varchar, c numeric = NULL, out _c numeric)
+returns record as $$
+  select $1, $2;
+$$ language sql;
+select (dfunc()).*;
+  _a   | _c 
+-------+----
+ def a |   
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc();
+  _a   | _c 
+-------+----
+ def a |   
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc('Hello', 100);
+  _a   | _c  
+-------+-----
+ Hello | 100
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc(a := 'Hello', c := 100);
+  _a   | _c  
+-------+-----
+ Hello | 100
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc(c := 100, a := 'Hello');
+  _a   | _c  
+-------+-----
+ Hello | 100
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc('Hello');
+  _a   | _c 
+-------+----
+ Hello |   
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc('Hello', c := 100);
+  _a   | _c  
+-------+-----
+ Hello | 100
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc(c := 100);
+  _a   | _c  
+-------+-----
+ def a | 100
+(1 row)
+
+-- fail, can no longer change an input parameter's name
+create or replace function dfunc(a varchar = 'def a', out _a varchar, x numeric = NULL, out _c numeric)
+returns record as $$
+  select $1, $2;
+$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot change name of input parameter "c"
+HINT:  Use DROP FUNCTION dfunc(character varying,numeric) first.
+create or replace function dfunc(a varchar = 'def a', out _a varchar, numeric = NULL, out _c numeric)
+returns record as $$
+  select $1, $2;
+$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot change name of input parameter "c"
+HINT:  Use DROP FUNCTION dfunc(character varying,numeric) first.
+drop function dfunc(varchar, numeric);
+--fail, named parameters are not unique
+create function testpolym(a int, a int) returns int as $$ select 1;$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  parameter name "a" used more than once
+create function testpolym(int, out a int, out a int) returns int as $$ select 1;$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  parameter name "a" used more than once
+create function testpolym(out a int, inout a int) returns int as $$ select 1;$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  parameter name "a" used more than once
+create function testpolym(a int, inout a int) returns int as $$ select 1;$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  parameter name "a" used more than once
+-- valid
+create function testpolym(a int, out a int) returns int as $$ select $1;$$ language sql;
+select testpolym(37);
+ testpolym 
+-----------
+        37
+(1 row)
+
+drop function testpolym(int);
+create function testpolym(a int) returns table(a int) as $$ select $1;$$ language sql;
+select * from testpolym(37);
+ a  
+----
+ 37
+(1 row)
+
+drop function testpolym(int);
+-- test polymorphic params and defaults
+create function dfunc(a anyelement, b anyelement = null, flag bool = true)
+returns anyelement as $$
+  select case when $3 then $1 else $2 end;
+$$ language sql;
+select dfunc(1,2);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b'); -- positional notation with default
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a := 1, b := 2);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a := 'a'::text, b := 'b');
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a := 'a'::text, b := 'b', flag := false); -- named notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ b
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(b := 'b'::text, a := 'a'); -- named notation with default
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a := 'a'::text, flag := true); -- named notation with default
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a := 'a'::text, flag := false); -- named notation with default
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(b := 'b'::text, a := 'a', flag := true); -- named notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', false); -- full positional notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ b
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', flag := false); -- mixed notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ b
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', true); -- full positional notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', flag := true); -- mixed notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+-- ansi/sql syntax
+select dfunc(a => 1, b => 2);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a => 'a'::text, b => 'b');
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a => 'a'::text, b => 'b', flag => false); -- named notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ b
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(b => 'b'::text, a => 'a'); -- named notation with default
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a => 'a'::text, flag => true); -- named notation with default
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a => 'a'::text, flag => false); -- named notation with default
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(b => 'b'::text, a => 'a', flag => true); -- named notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', false); -- full positional notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ b
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', flag => false); -- mixed notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ b
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', true); -- full positional notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', flag => true); -- mixed notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+-- this tests lexer edge cases around =>
+select dfunc(a =>-1);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+    -1
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a =>+1);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a =>/**/1);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a =>--comment to be removed by psql
+  1);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+-- need DO to protect the -- from psql
+do $$
+  declare r integer;
+  begin
+    select dfunc(a=>-- comment
+      1) into r;
+    raise info 'r = %', r;
+  end;
+$$;
+INFO:  r = 1
+-- check reverse-listing of named-arg calls
+CREATE VIEW dfview AS
+   SELECT q1, q2,
+     dfunc(q1,q2, flag := q1>q2) as c3,
+     dfunc(q1, flag := q1<q2, b := q2) as c4
+     FROM int8_tbl;
+select * from dfview;
+        q1        |        q2         |        c3        |        c4         
+------------------+-------------------+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456 |              456 |               123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 | 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+\d+ dfview
+                           View "public.dfview"
+ Column |  Type  | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+--------+--------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ q1     | bigint |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ q2     | bigint |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ c3     | bigint |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ c4     | bigint |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT int8_tbl.q1,
+    int8_tbl.q2,
+    dfunc(int8_tbl.q1, int8_tbl.q2, flag => int8_tbl.q1 > int8_tbl.q2) AS c3,
+    dfunc(int8_tbl.q1, flag => int8_tbl.q1 < int8_tbl.q2, b => int8_tbl.q2) AS c4
+   FROM int8_tbl;
+
+drop view dfview;
+drop function dfunc(anyelement, anyelement, bool);
+--
+-- Tests for ANYCOMPATIBLE polymorphism family
+--
+create function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatible)
+returns anycompatible as $$
+  select greatest($1, $2)
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;
+ x  | pg_typeof 
+----+-----------
+ 12 | integer
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12.3) x;
+  x   | pg_typeof 
+------+-----------
+ 12.3 | numeric
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, point(1,2)) x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(integer, point) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, point(1,2)) x;
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest('11', '12.3') x;  -- defaults to text
+  x   | pg_typeof 
+------+-----------
+ 12.3 | text
+(1 row)
+
+drop function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatible);
+create function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatible)
+returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[$1, $2]
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;
+    x    | pg_typeof 
+---------+-----------
+ {11,12} | integer[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12.3) x;
+     x     | pg_typeof 
+-----------+-----------
+ {11,12.3} | numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[1,2]) x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(integer, integer[]) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[1,2]) x;
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatible);
+create function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatiblearray)
+returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[$1] || $2
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[12]) x;
+    x    | pg_typeof 
+---------+-----------
+ {11,12} | integer[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[12.3]) x;
+     x     | pg_typeof 
+-----------+-----------
+ {11,12.3} | numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(12.3, array[13]) x;
+     x     | pg_typeof 
+-----------+-----------
+ {12.3,13} | numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(12.3, '{13,14.4}') x;
+       x        | pg_typeof 
+----------------+-----------
+ {12.3,13,14.4} | numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[point(1,2)]) x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(integer, point[]) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[point(1,2)]) ...
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(integer, integer) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatiblearray);
+create function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatiblerange)
+returns anycompatiblerange as $$
+  select $2
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, int4range(4,7)) x;
+   x   | pg_typeof 
+-------+-----------
+ [4,7) | int4range
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, numrange(4,7)) x;
+   x   | pg_typeof 
+-------+-----------
+ [4,7) | numrange
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(integer, integer) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11.2, int4range(4,7)) x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(numeric, int4range) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11.2, int4range(4,7)) x...
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11.2, '[4,7)') x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  could not determine polymorphic type anycompatiblerange because input has type unknown
+drop function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatiblerange);
+create function anyctest(anycompatiblerange, anycompatiblerange)
+returns anycompatible as $$
+  select lower($1) + upper($2)
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(int4range(11,12), int4range(4,7)) x;
+ x  | pg_typeof 
+----+-----------
+ 18 | integer
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(int4range(11,12), numrange(4,7)) x; -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(int4range, numrange) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(int4range(11,12), numra...
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function anyctest(anycompatiblerange, anycompatiblerange);
+-- fail, can't infer result type:
+create function anyctest(anycompatible)
+returns anycompatiblerange as $$
+  select $1
+$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anycompatiblerange requires at least one input of type anycompatiblerange or anycompatiblemultirange.
+create function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatiblemultirange)
+returns anycompatiblemultirange as $$
+  select $2
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, multirange(int4range(4,7))) x;
+    x    |   pg_typeof    
+---------+----------------
+ {[4,7)} | int4multirange
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, multirange(numrange(4,7))) x;
+    x    |   pg_typeof   
+---------+---------------
+ {[4,7)} | nummultirange
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(integer, integer) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11.2, multirange(int4range(4,7))) x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(numeric, int4multirange) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11.2, multirange(int4ra...
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11.2, '{[4,7)}') x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  could not determine polymorphic type anycompatiblemultirange because input has type unknown
+drop function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatiblemultirange);
+create function anyctest(anycompatiblemultirange, anycompatiblemultirange)
+returns anycompatible as $$
+  select lower($1) + upper($2)
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(multirange(int4range(11,12)), multirange(int4range(4,7))) x;
+ x  | pg_typeof 
+----+-----------
+ 18 | integer
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(multirange(int4range(11,12)), multirange(numrange(4,7))) x; -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(int4multirange, nummultirange) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(multirange(int4range(11...
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function anyctest(anycompatiblemultirange, anycompatiblemultirange);
+-- fail, can't infer result type:
+create function anyctest(anycompatible)
+returns anycompatiblemultirange as $$
+  select $1
+$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anycompatiblemultirange requires at least one input of type anycompatiblerange or anycompatiblemultirange.
+create function anyctest(anycompatiblenonarray, anycompatiblenonarray)
+returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[$1, $2]
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;
+    x    | pg_typeof 
+---------+-----------
+ {11,12} | integer[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12.3) x;
+     x     | pg_typeof 
+-----------+-----------
+ {11,12.3} | numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(array[11], array[1,2]) x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(integer[], integer[]) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(array[11], array[1,2]) ...
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function anyctest(anycompatiblenonarray, anycompatiblenonarray);
+create function anyctest(a anyelement, b anyarray,
+                         c anycompatible, d anycompatible)
+returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[c, d]
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[1, 2], 42, 34.5) x;
+     x     | pg_typeof 
+-----------+-----------
+ {42,34.5} | numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[1, 2], point(1,2), point(3,4)) x;
+         x         | pg_typeof 
+-------------------+-----------
+ {"(1,2)","(3,4)"} | point[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, '{1,2}', point(1,2), '(3,4)') x;
+         x         | pg_typeof 
+-------------------+-----------
+ {"(1,2)","(3,4)"} | point[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[1, 2.2], 42, 34.5) x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(integer, numeric[], integer, numeric) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[1, 2.2], 42, ...
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function anyctest(a anyelement, b anyarray,
+                       c anycompatible, d anycompatible);
+create function anyctest(variadic anycompatiblearray)
+returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select $1
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;
+    x    | pg_typeof 
+---------+-----------
+ {11,12} | integer[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12.2) x;
+     x     | pg_typeof 
+-----------+-----------
+ {11,12.2} | numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, '12') x;
+    x    | pg_typeof 
+---------+-----------
+ {11,12} | integer[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, '12.2') x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: "12.2"
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, '12.2') x;
+                                                 ^
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(variadic array[11, 12]) x;
+    x    | pg_typeof 
+---------+-----------
+ {11,12} | integer[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(variadic array[11, 12.2]) x;
+     x     | pg_typeof 
+-----------+-----------
+ {11,12.2} | numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+drop function anyctest(variadic anycompatiblearray);