Adding upstream version 3.0.46.upstream/3.0.46upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

91 files changed, 275 insertions, 231 deletions

diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/__init__.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/__init__.py
index 82324cb..9f194f1 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/__init__.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ See the examples directory to learn about the usage.
 Probably, to get started, you might also want to have a look at
 `prompt_toolkit.shortcuts.prompt`.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ from .formatted_text import ANSI, HTML
 from .shortcuts import PromptSession, print_formatted_text, prompt
 
 # Don't forget to update in `docs/conf.py`!
-__version__ = "3.0.43"
+__version__ = "3.0.46"
 
 assert pep440.match(__version__)
 
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/application/application.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/application/application.py
index d463781..d93c243 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/application/application.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/application/application.py
@@ -1621,5 +1621,6 @@ def _restore_sigint_from_ctypes() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
     try:
         yield
     finally:
-        signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, sigint)
+        if sigint is not None:
+            signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, sigint)
         pythonapi.PyOS_setsig(signal.SIGINT, sigint_os)
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/application/current.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/application/current.py
index 908141a..7e2cf48 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/application/current.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/application/current.py
@@ -147,11 +147,17 @@ def create_app_session(
     Like in the case of an Telnet/SSH server.
     """
     # If no input/output is specified, fall back to the current input/output,
-    # whatever that is.
+    # if there was one that was set/created for the current session.
+    # (Note that we check `_input`/`_output` and not `input`/`output`. This is
+    # because we don't want to accidently create a new input/output objects
+    # here and store it in the "parent" `AppSession`. Especially, when
+    # combining pytest's `capsys` fixture and `create_app_session`, sys.stdin
+    # and sys.stderr are patched for every test, so we don't want to leak
+    # those outputs object across `AppSession`s.)
     if input is None:
-        input = get_app_session().input
+        input = get_app_session()._input
     if output is None:
-        output = get_app_session().output
+        output = get_app_session()._output
 
     # Create new `AppSession` and activate.
     session = AppSession(input=input, output=output)
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/application/run_in_terminal.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/application/run_in_terminal.py
index 1e4da2d..18a3dad 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/application/run_in_terminal.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/application/run_in_terminal.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Tools for running functions on the terminal above the current application or prompt.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from asyncio import Future, ensure_future
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/auto_suggest.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/auto_suggest.py
index 98cb4dd..73213ba 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/auto_suggest.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/auto_suggest.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ because they take too much time, and could potentially block the event loop,
 then wrap the :class:`.AutoSuggest` instance into a
 :class:`.ThreadedAutoSuggest`.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ class Suggestion:
         self.text = text
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "Suggestion(%s)" % self.text
+        return f"Suggestion({self.text})"
 
 
 class AutoSuggest(metaclass=ABCMeta):
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/buffer.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/buffer.py
index 100ca78..f5847d4 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/buffer.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/buffer.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 Data structures for the Buffer.
 It holds the text, cursor position, history, etc...
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
@@ -85,12 +86,7 @@ class CompletionState:
         self.complete_index = complete_index  # Position in the `_completions` array.
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "{}({!r}, <{!r}> completions, index={!r})".format(
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            self.original_document,
-            len(self.completions),
-            self.complete_index,
-        )
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.original_document!r}, <{len(self.completions)!r}> completions, index={self.complete_index!r})"
 
     def go_to_index(self, index: int | None) -> None:
         """
@@ -149,12 +145,7 @@ class YankNthArgState:
         self.n = n
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "{}(history_position={!r}, n={!r}, previous_inserted_word={!r})".format(
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            self.history_position,
-            self.n,
-            self.previous_inserted_word,
-        )
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(history_position={self.history_position!r}, n={self.n!r}, previous_inserted_word={self.previous_inserted_word!r})"
 
 
 BufferEventHandler = Callable[["Buffer"], None]
@@ -188,6 +179,9 @@ class Buffer:
         In case of a `PromptSession` for instance, we want to keep the text,
         because we will exit the application, and only reset it during the next
         run.
+    :param max_number_of_completions: Never display more than this number of
+        completions, even when the completer can produce more (limited by
+        default to 10k for performance).
 
     Events:
 
@@ -234,12 +228,13 @@ class Buffer:
         accept_handler: BufferAcceptHandler | None = None,
         read_only: FilterOrBool = False,
         multiline: FilterOrBool = True,
+        max_number_of_completions: int = 10000,
         on_text_changed: BufferEventHandler | None = None,
         on_text_insert: BufferEventHandler | None = None,
         on_cursor_position_changed: BufferEventHandler | None = None,
         on_completions_changed: BufferEventHandler | None = None,
         on_suggestion_set: BufferEventHandler | None = None,
-    ):
+    ) -> None:
         # Accept both filters and booleans as input.
         enable_history_search = to_filter(enable_history_search)
         complete_while_typing = to_filter(complete_while_typing)
@@ -261,6 +256,7 @@ class Buffer:
         self.enable_history_search = enable_history_search
         self.read_only = read_only
         self.multiline = multiline
+        self.max_number_of_completions = max_number_of_completions
 
         # Text width. (For wrapping, used by the Vi 'gq' operator.)
         self.text_width = 0
@@ -1748,6 +1744,13 @@ class Buffer:
                         # If the input text changes, abort.
                         if not proceed():
                             break
+
+                        # Always stop at 10k completions.
+                        if (
+                            len(complete_state.completions)
+                            >= self.max_number_of_completions
+                        ):
+                            break
             finally:
                 refresh_task.cancel()
 
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/clipboard/base.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/clipboard/base.py
index b05275b..28cfdcd 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/clipboard/base.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/clipboard/base.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Clipboard for command line interface.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/completion/base.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/completion/base.py
index 04a712d..3846ef7 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/completion/base.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/completion/base.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-"""
-"""
+""" """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
@@ -66,18 +66,9 @@ class Completion:
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         if isinstance(self.display, str) and self.display == self.text:
-            return "{}(text={!r}, start_position={!r})".format(
-                self.__class__.__name__,
-                self.text,
-                self.start_position,
-            )
+            return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(text={self.text!r}, start_position={self.start_position!r})"
         else:
-            return "{}(text={!r}, start_position={!r}, display={!r})".format(
-                self.__class__.__name__,
-                self.text,
-                self.start_position,
-                self.display,
-            )
+            return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(text={self.text!r}, start_position={self.start_position!r}, display={self.display!r})"
 
     def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
         if not isinstance(other, Completion):
@@ -156,11 +147,7 @@ class CompleteEvent:
         self.completion_requested = completion_requested
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "{}(text_inserted={!r}, completion_requested={!r})".format(
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            self.text_inserted,
-            self.completion_requested,
-        )
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(text_inserted={self.text_inserted!r}, completion_requested={self.completion_requested!r})"
 
 
 class Completer(metaclass=ABCMeta):
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/completion/nested.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/completion/nested.py
index a1d211a..8569bd2 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/completion/nested.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/completion/nested.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Nestedcompleter for completion of hierarchical data structures.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Any, Iterable, Mapping, Set, Union
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/__init__.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/__init__.py
index c947fd5..38b027c 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/__init__.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/__init__.py
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ TODO: some examples of:
     - How to create an autocompleter from this grammar.
     - How to create a parser from this grammar.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from .compiler import compile
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/compiler.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/compiler.py
index 474f6cf..dd558a6 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/compiler.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/compiler.py
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ Partial matches are possible::
     m.variables().get('operator2')  # Returns "add"
 
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
@@ -96,13 +97,13 @@ class _CompiledGrammar:
         counter = [0]
 
         def create_group_func(node: Variable) -> str:
-            name = "n%s" % counter[0]
+            name = f"n{counter[0]}"
             self._group_names_to_nodes[name] = node.varname
             counter[0] += 1
             return name
 
         # Compile regex strings.
-        self._re_pattern = "^%s$" % self._transform(root_node, create_group_func)
+        self._re_pattern = f"^{self._transform(root_node, create_group_func)}$"
         self._re_prefix_patterns = list(
             self._transform_prefix(root_node, create_group_func)
         )
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ class _CompiledGrammar:
         def transform(node: Node) -> str:
             # Turn `AnyNode` into an OR.
             if isinstance(node, AnyNode):
-                return "(?:%s)" % "|".join(transform(c) for c in node.children)
+                return "(?:{})".format("|".join(transform(c) for c in node.children))
 
             # Concatenate a `NodeSequence`
             elif isinstance(node, NodeSequence):
@@ -311,11 +312,11 @@ class _CompiledGrammar:
                     yield "".join(result)
 
             elif isinstance(node, Regex):
-                yield "(?:%s)?" % node.regex
+                yield f"(?:{node.regex})?"
 
             elif isinstance(node, Lookahead):
                 if node.negative:
-                    yield "(?!%s)" % cls._transform(node.childnode, create_group_func)
+                    yield f"(?!{cls._transform(node.childnode, create_group_func)})"
                 else:
                     # Not sure what the correct semantics are in this case.
                     # (Probably it's not worth implementing this.)
@@ -349,10 +350,10 @@ class _CompiledGrammar:
                         )
 
             else:
-                raise TypeError("Got %r" % node)
+                raise TypeError(f"Got {node!r}")
 
         for r in transform(root_node):
-            yield "^(?:%s)$" % r
+            yield f"^(?:{r})$"
 
     def match(self, string: str) -> Match | None:
         """
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/completion.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/completion.py
index 2e353e8..19ebaad 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/completion.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/completion.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Completer for a regular grammar.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Iterable
@@ -37,12 +38,10 @@ class GrammarCompleter(Completer):
         m = self.compiled_grammar.match_prefix(document.text_before_cursor)
 
         if m:
-            completions = self._remove_duplicates(
+            yield from self._remove_duplicates(
                 self._get_completions_for_match(m, complete_event)
             )
 
-            yield from completions
-
     def _get_completions_for_match(
         self, match: Match, complete_event: CompleteEvent
     ) -> Iterable[Completion]:
@@ -81,14 +80,21 @@ class GrammarCompleter(Completer):
                         display_meta=completion.display_meta,
                     )
 
-    def _remove_duplicates(self, items: Iterable[Completion]) -> list[Completion]:
+    def _remove_duplicates(self, items: Iterable[Completion]) -> Iterable[Completion]:
         """
         Remove duplicates, while keeping the order.
         (Sometimes we have duplicates, because the there several matches of the
         same grammar, each yielding similar completions.)
         """
-        result: list[Completion] = []
-        for i in items:
-            if i not in result:
-                result.append(i)
-        return result
+
+        def hash_completion(completion: Completion) -> tuple[str, int]:
+            return completion.text, completion.start_position
+
+        yielded_so_far: set[tuple[str, int]] = set()
+
+        for completion in items:
+            hash_value = hash_completion(completion)
+
+            if hash_value not in yielded_so_far:
+                yielded_so_far.add(hash_value)
+                yield completion
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/lexer.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/lexer.py
index b0a4deb..c5434cf 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/lexer.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/lexer.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 `GrammarLexer` is compatible with other lexers and can be used to highlight
 the input using a regular grammar with annotations.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Callable
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/regex_parser.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/regex_parser.py
index a365ba8..353e54f 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/regex_parser.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/regex_parser.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ Remarks:
 Limitations:
 - Lookahead is not supported.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
@@ -115,11 +116,7 @@ class Variable(Node):
         self.varname = varname
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "{}(childnode={!r}, varname={!r})".format(
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            self.childnode,
-            self.varname,
-        )
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(childnode={self.childnode!r}, varname={self.varname!r})"
 
 
 class Repeat(Node):
@@ -265,7 +262,7 @@ def parse_regex(regex_tokens: list[str]) -> Node:
                 raise Exception(f"{t}-style repetition not yet supported")
 
             elif t.startswith("(?"):
-                raise Exception("%r not supported" % t)
+                raise Exception(f"{t!r} not supported")
 
             elif t.isspace():
                 pass
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/validation.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/validation.py
index 8e56e05..e6cfd74 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/validation.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/regular_languages/validation.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Validator for a regular language.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from prompt_toolkit.document import Document
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/ssh/server.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/ssh/server.py
index 9a5d402..4badc6c 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/ssh/server.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/ssh/server.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Utility for running a prompt_toolkit application in an asyncssh server.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/telnet/log.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/telnet/log.py
index 0fe8433..476dffc 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/telnet/log.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/telnet/log.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Python logger for the telnet server.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/telnet/protocol.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/telnet/protocol.py
index 4b90e98..58286e2 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/telnet/protocol.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/telnet/protocol.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ specification, but sufficient for a command line interface.)
 
 Inspired by `Twisted.conch.telnet`.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import struct
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/telnet/server.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/telnet/server.py
index 9ebe66c..69e9a88 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/telnet/server.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/contrib/telnet/server.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Telnet server.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ class _ConnectionStdout:
             if not self._closed:
                 self._connection.send(b"".join(self._buffer))
         except OSError as e:
-            logger.warning("Couldn't send data over socket: %s" % e)
+            logger.warning(f"Couldn't send data over socket: {e}")
 
         self._buffer = []
 
@@ -416,7 +417,7 @@ class TelnetServer:
                 # Unhandled control-c propagated by a prompt.
                 logger.info("Unhandled KeyboardInterrupt in telnet application.")
             except BaseException as e:
-                print("Got %s" % type(e).__name__, e)
+                print(f"Got {type(e).__name__}", e)
                 import traceback
 
                 traceback.print_exc()
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/document.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/document.py
index 74f4c13..df5293e 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/document.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/document.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 The `Document` that implements all the text operations/querying.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import bisect
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/eventloop/async_generator.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/eventloop/async_generator.py
index 5aee50a..32e5f88 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/eventloop/async_generator.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/eventloop/async_generator.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Implementation for async generators.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from asyncio import get_running_loop
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/eventloop/inputhook.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/eventloop/inputhook.py
index a4c0eee..40016e8 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/eventloop/inputhook.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/eventloop/inputhook.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ stuff to do. There are two ways to detect when to return:
   asynchronous autocompletion. When the completion for instance is ready, we
   also want prompt-toolkit to gain control again in order to display that.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/filters/__init__.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/filters/__init__.py
index 277f428..556ed88 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/filters/__init__.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/filters/__init__.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ Filters can be chained using ``&`` and ``|`` operations, and inverted using the
 
     filter = has_focus('default') & ~ has_selection
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from .app import *
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/filters/app.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/filters/app.py
index aacb228..b1b7c1b 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/filters/app.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/filters/app.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Filters that accept a `Application` as argument.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, cast
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/filters/base.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/filters/base.py
index afce6dc..410749d 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/filters/base.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/filters/base.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class Filter(metaclass=ABCMeta):
         """
         Chaining of filters using the & operator.
         """
-        assert isinstance(other, Filter), "Expecting filter, got %r" % other
+        assert isinstance(other, Filter), f"Expecting filter, got {other!r}"
 
         if isinstance(other, Always):
             return self
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class Filter(metaclass=ABCMeta):
         """
         Chaining of filters using the | operator.
         """
-        assert isinstance(other, Filter), "Expecting filter, got %r" % other
+        assert isinstance(other, Filter), f"Expecting filter, got {other!r}"
 
         if isinstance(other, Always):
             return other
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class _Invert(Filter):
         return not self.filter()
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "~%r" % self.filter
+        return f"~{self.filter!r}"
 
 
 class Always(Filter):
@@ -207,6 +207,9 @@ class Always(Filter):
     def __or__(self, other: Filter) -> Filter:
         return self
 
+    def __and__(self, other: Filter) -> Filter:
+        return other
+
     def __invert__(self) -> Never:
         return Never()
 
@@ -222,6 +225,9 @@ class Never(Filter):
     def __and__(self, other: Filter) -> Filter:
         return self
 
+    def __or__(self, other: Filter) -> Filter:
+        return other
+
     def __invert__(self) -> Always:
         return Always()
 
@@ -248,7 +254,7 @@ class Condition(Filter):
         return self.func()
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "Condition(%r)" % self.func
+        return f"Condition({self.func!r})"
 
 
 # Often used as type annotation.
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/filters/cli.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/filters/cli.py
index c95080a..902fbaa 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/filters/cli.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/filters/cli.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 For backwards-compatibility. keep this file.
 (Many people are going to have key bindings that rely on this file.)
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from .app import *
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/filters/utils.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/filters/utils.py
index bac85ba..20e00ee 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/filters/utils.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/filters/utils.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def to_filter(bool_or_filter: FilterOrBool) -> Filter:
     if isinstance(bool_or_filter, Filter):
         return bool_or_filter
 
-    raise TypeError("Expecting a bool or a Filter instance. Got %r" % bool_or_filter)
+    raise TypeError(f"Expecting a bool or a Filter instance. Got {bool_or_filter!r}")
 
 
 def is_true(value: FilterOrBool) -> bool:
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/formatted_text/__init__.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/formatted_text/__init__.py
index db44ab9..0590c81 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/formatted_text/__init__.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/formatted_text/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ an :class:`.HTML` object, an :class:`.ANSI` object or a sequence of
 `(style_string, text)` tuples. The :func:`.to_formatted_text` conversion
 function takes any of these and turns all of them into such a tuple sequence.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from .ansi import ANSI
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/formatted_text/ansi.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/formatted_text/ansi.py
index 08ec0b3..4761982 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/formatted_text/ansi.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/formatted_text/ansi.py
@@ -210,10 +210,8 @@ class ANSI:
                 # True colors.
                 if n == 2 and len(attrs) >= 3:
                     try:
-                        color_str = "#{:02x}{:02x}{:02x}".format(
-                            attrs.pop(),
-                            attrs.pop(),
-                            attrs.pop(),
+                        color_str = (
+                            f"#{attrs.pop():02x}{attrs.pop():02x}{attrs.pop():02x}"
                         )
                     except IndexError:
                         pass
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/formatted_text/base.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/formatted_text/base.py
index 92de353..5fee1f8 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/formatted_text/base.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/formatted_text/base.py
@@ -38,8 +38,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
         text.
         """
 
-        def __pt_formatted_text__(self) -> StyleAndTextTuples:
-            ...
+        def __pt_formatted_text__(self) -> StyleAndTextTuples: ...
 
 
 AnyFormattedText = Union[
@@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ class FormattedText(StyleAndTextTuples):
         return self
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "FormattedText(%s)" % super().__repr__()
+        return f"FormattedText({super().__repr__()})"
 
 
 class Template:
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/formatted_text/utils.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/formatted_text/utils.py
index c8c37e0..43228c3 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/formatted_text/utils.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/formatted_text/utils.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ Utilities for manipulating formatted text.
 When ``to_formatted_text`` has been called, we get a list of ``(style, text)``
 tuples. This file contains functions for manipulating such a list.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Iterable, cast
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/history.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/history.py
index 553918e..2d497a0 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/history.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/history.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ NOTE: There is no `DynamicHistory`:
       loading can be done asynchronously and making the history swappable would
       probably break this.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import datetime
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ import os
 import threading
 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
 from asyncio import get_running_loop
-from typing import AsyncGenerator, Iterable, Sequence
+from typing import AsyncGenerator, Iterable, Sequence, Union
 
 __all__ = [
     "History",
@@ -254,12 +255,15 @@ class DummyHistory(History):
         pass
 
 
+_StrOrBytesPath = Union[str, bytes, "os.PathLike[str]", "os.PathLike[bytes]"]
+
+
 class FileHistory(History):
     """
     :class:`.History` class that stores all strings in a file.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, filename: str) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, filename: _StrOrBytesPath) -> None:
         self.filename = filename
         super().__init__()
 
@@ -297,6 +301,6 @@ class FileHistory(History):
             def write(t: str) -> None:
                 f.write(t.encode("utf-8"))
 
-            write("\n# %s\n" % datetime.datetime.now())
+            write(f"\n# {datetime.datetime.now()}\n")
             for line in string.split("\n"):
-                write("+%s\n" % line)
+                write(f"+{line}\n")
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/input/ansi_escape_sequences.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/input/ansi_escape_sequences.py
index 5648c66..1fba418 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/input/ansi_escape_sequences.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/input/ansi_escape_sequences.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ mostly Xterm compatible.
 Some useful docs:
 - Mintty: https://github.com/mintty/mintty/blob/master/wiki/Keycodes.md
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from ..keys import Keys
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/input/base.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/input/base.py
index fd1429d..3dcb994 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/input/base.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/input/base.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Abstraction of CLI Input.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod, abstractproperty
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ class DummyInput(Input):
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def typeahead_hash(self) -> str:
-        return "dummy-%s" % id(self)
+        return f"dummy-{id(self)}"
 
     def read_keys(self) -> list[KeyPress]:
         return []
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/input/typeahead.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/input/typeahead.py
index a45e7cf..f8faa93 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/input/typeahead.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/input/typeahead.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ To support type ahead, this module will store all the key strokes that were
 read too early, so that they can be feed into to the next `prompt()` call or to
 the next prompt_toolkit `Application`.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections import defaultdict
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/input/vt100_parser.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/input/vt100_parser.py
index 99e2d99..73dbce3 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/input/vt100_parser.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/input/vt100_parser.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Parser for VT100 input stream.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/input/win32.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/input/win32.py
index 35e8948..322d7c0 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/input/win32.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/input/win32.py
@@ -329,8 +329,8 @@ class ConsoleInputReader:
         buffered_high_surrogate = None
         for key in key_presses:
             is_text = not isinstance(key.key, Keys)
-            is_high_surrogate = is_text and "\uD800" <= key.key <= "\uDBFF"
-            is_low_surrogate = is_text and "\uDC00" <= key.key <= "\uDFFF"
+            is_high_surrogate = is_text and "\ud800" <= key.key <= "\udbff"
+            is_low_surrogate = is_text and "\udc00" <= key.key <= "\udfff"
 
             if buffered_high_surrogate:
                 if is_low_surrogate:
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/auto_suggest.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/auto_suggest.py
index 3d8a843..b487f14 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/auto_suggest.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/auto_suggest.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Key bindings for auto suggestion (for fish-style auto suggestion).
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/basic.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/basic.py
index 084548d..ad18df9 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/basic.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/basic.py
@@ -29,6 +29,16 @@ def if_no_repeat(event: E) -> bool:
     return not event.is_repeat
 
 
+@Condition
+def has_text_before_cursor() -> bool:
+    return bool(get_app().current_buffer.text)
+
+
+@Condition
+def in_quoted_insert() -> bool:
+    return get_app().quoted_insert
+
+
 def load_basic_bindings() -> KeyBindings:
     key_bindings = KeyBindings()
     insert_mode = vi_insert_mode | emacs_insert_mode
@@ -171,10 +181,6 @@ def load_basic_bindings() -> KeyBindings:
 
     # CTRL keys.
 
-    @Condition
-    def has_text_before_cursor() -> bool:
-        return bool(get_app().current_buffer.text)
-
     handle("c-d", filter=has_text_before_cursor & insert_mode)(
         get_by_name("delete-char")
     )
@@ -240,10 +246,6 @@ def load_basic_bindings() -> KeyBindings:
 
         event.current_buffer.insert_text(data)
 
-    @Condition
-    def in_quoted_insert() -> bool:
-        return get_app().quoted_insert
-
     @handle(Keys.Any, filter=in_quoted_insert, eager=True)
     def _insert_text(event: E) -> None:
         """
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/completion.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/completion.py
index 016821f..8c5e005 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/completion.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/completion.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Key binding handlers for displaying completions.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/emacs.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/emacs.py
index 80a66fd..207afba 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/emacs.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/emacs.py
@@ -33,6 +33,16 @@ __all__ = [
 E = KeyPressEvent
 
 
+@Condition
+def is_returnable() -> bool:
+    return get_app().current_buffer.is_returnable
+
+
+@Condition
+def is_arg() -> bool:
+    return get_app().key_processor.arg == "-"
+
+
 def load_emacs_bindings() -> KeyBindingsBase:
     """
     Some e-macs extensions.
@@ -134,7 +144,7 @@ def load_emacs_bindings() -> KeyBindingsBase:
         if event._arg is None:
             event.append_to_arg_count("-")
 
-    @handle("-", filter=Condition(lambda: get_app().key_processor.arg == "-"))
+    @handle("-", filter=is_arg)
     def _dash(event: E) -> None:
         """
         When '-' is typed again, after exactly '-' has been given as an
@@ -142,10 +152,6 @@ def load_emacs_bindings() -> KeyBindingsBase:
         """
         event.app.key_processor.arg = "-"
 
-    @Condition
-    def is_returnable() -> bool:
-        return get_app().current_buffer.is_returnable
-
     # Meta + Enter: always accept input.
     handle("escape", "enter", filter=insert_mode & is_returnable)(
         get_by_name("accept-line")
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/named_commands.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/named_commands.py
index d836116..8ea8dd0 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/named_commands.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/named_commands.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ Key bindings which are also known by GNU Readline by the given names.
 
 See: http://www.delorie.com/gnu/docs/readline/rlman_13.html
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Callable, TypeVar, Union, cast
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ def get_by_name(name: str) -> Binding:
     try:
         return _readline_commands[name]
     except KeyError as e:
-        raise KeyError("Unknown Readline command: %r" % name) from e
+        raise KeyError(f"Unknown Readline command: {name!r}") from e
 
 
 #
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/open_in_editor.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/open_in_editor.py
index d156424..26b8685 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/open_in_editor.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/open_in_editor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Open in editor key bindings.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from prompt_toolkit.filters import emacs_mode, has_selection, vi_navigation_mode
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/page_navigation.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/page_navigation.py
index 3918e14..c490425 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/page_navigation.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/page_navigation.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 Key bindings for extra page navigation: bindings for up/down scrolling through
 long pages, like in Emacs or Vi.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from prompt_toolkit.filters import buffer_has_focus, emacs_mode, vi_mode
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/scroll.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/scroll.py
index 83a4be1..13e44ed 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/scroll.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/scroll.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ This are separate bindings, because GNU readline doesn't have them, but
 they are very useful for navigating through long multiline buffers, like in
 Vi, Emacs, etc...
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from prompt_toolkit.key_binding.key_processor import KeyPressEvent
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/search.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/search.py
index ba5e117..a57c52e 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/search.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/search.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Search related key bindings.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from prompt_toolkit import search
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/vi.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/vi.py
index 5cc74b4..d68a31f 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/vi.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/bindings/vi.py
@@ -371,6 +371,35 @@ def create_operator_decorator(
     return operator_decorator
 
 
+@Condition
+def is_returnable() -> bool:
+    return get_app().current_buffer.is_returnable
+
+
+@Condition
+def in_block_selection() -> bool:
+    buff = get_app().current_buffer
+    return bool(
+        buff.selection_state and buff.selection_state.type == SelectionType.BLOCK
+    )
+
+
+@Condition
+def digraph_symbol_1_given() -> bool:
+    return get_app().vi_state.digraph_symbol1 is not None
+
+
+@Condition
+def search_buffer_is_empty() -> bool:
+    "Returns True when the search buffer is empty."
+    return get_app().current_buffer.text == ""
+
+
+@Condition
+def tilde_operator() -> bool:
+    return get_app().vi_state.tilde_operator
+
+
 def load_vi_bindings() -> KeyBindingsBase:
     """
     Vi extensions.
@@ -410,7 +439,7 @@ def load_vi_bindings() -> KeyBindingsBase:
         (("g", "~"), Always(), lambda string: string.swapcase()),
         (
             ("~",),
-            Condition(lambda: get_app().vi_state.tilde_operator),
+            tilde_operator,
             lambda string: string.swapcase(),
         ),
     ]
@@ -528,10 +557,6 @@ def load_vi_bindings() -> KeyBindingsBase:
         """
         event.current_buffer.cancel_completion()
 
-    @Condition
-    def is_returnable() -> bool:
-        return get_app().current_buffer.is_returnable
-
     # In navigation mode, pressing enter will always return the input.
     handle("enter", filter=vi_navigation_mode & is_returnable)(
         get_by_name("accept-line")
@@ -681,13 +706,6 @@ def load_vi_bindings() -> KeyBindingsBase:
             )
         )
 
-    @Condition
-    def in_block_selection() -> bool:
-        buff = get_app().current_buffer
-        return bool(
-            buff.selection_state and buff.selection_state.type == SelectionType.BLOCK
-        )
-
     @handle("I", filter=in_block_selection & ~is_read_only)
     def insert_in_block_selection(event: E, after: bool = False) -> None:
         """
@@ -2071,10 +2089,6 @@ def load_vi_bindings() -> KeyBindingsBase:
         """
         event.app.vi_state.waiting_for_digraph = True
 
-    @Condition
-    def digraph_symbol_1_given() -> bool:
-        return get_app().vi_state.digraph_symbol1 is not None
-
     @handle(Keys.Any, filter=vi_digraph_mode & ~digraph_symbol_1_given)
     def _digraph1(event: E) -> None:
         """
@@ -2180,11 +2194,6 @@ def load_vi_search_bindings() -> KeyBindingsBase:
     handle = key_bindings.add
     from . import search
 
-    @Condition
-    def search_buffer_is_empty() -> bool:
-        "Returns True when the search buffer is empty."
-        return get_app().current_buffer.text == ""
-
     # Vi-style forward search.
     handle(
         "/",
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/defaults.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/defaults.py
index 166da8d..6c26571 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/defaults.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/defaults.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ Default key bindings.::
     key_bindings = load_key_bindings()
     app = Application(key_bindings=key_bindings)
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from prompt_toolkit.filters import buffer_has_focus
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/digraphs.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/digraphs.py
index 1e8a432..f0152dc 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/digraphs.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/digraphs.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ pressing Control-K followed by to normal characters.
 Taken from Neovim and translated to Python:
 https://raw.githubusercontent.com/neovim/neovim/master/src/nvim/digraph.c
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 __all__ = [
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/key_bindings.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/key_bindings.py
index 62530f2..854da80 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/key_bindings.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/key_bindings.py
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ been assigned, through the `key_binding` decorator.::
     # Later, add it to the key bindings.
     kb.add(Keys.A, my_key_binding)
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod, abstractproperty
@@ -140,10 +141,8 @@ class Binding:
             event.app.invalidate()
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "{}(keys={!r}, handler={!r})".format(
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            self.keys,
-            self.handler,
+        return (
+            f"{self.__class__.__name__}(keys={self.keys!r}, handler={self.handler!r})"
         )
 
 
@@ -226,9 +225,9 @@ class KeyBindings(KeyBindingsBase):
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self._bindings: list[Binding] = []
-        self._get_bindings_for_keys_cache: SimpleCache[
-            KeysTuple, list[Binding]
-        ] = SimpleCache(maxsize=10000)
+        self._get_bindings_for_keys_cache: SimpleCache[KeysTuple, list[Binding]] = (
+            SimpleCache(maxsize=10000)
+        )
         self._get_bindings_starting_with_keys_cache: SimpleCache[
             KeysTuple, list[Binding]
         ] = SimpleCache(maxsize=1000)
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/key_processor.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/key_processor.py
index 4c4f0d1..e2070a1 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/key_processor.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/key_binding/key_processor.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ the input in the :class:`~prompt_toolkit.inputstream.InputStream` instance.
 The `KeyProcessor` will according to the implemented keybindings call the
 correct callbacks when new key presses are feed through `feed`.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import weakref
@@ -450,11 +451,7 @@ class KeyPressEvent:
         self._app = get_app()
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "KeyPressEvent(arg={!r}, key_sequence={!r}, is_repeat={!r})".format(
-            self.arg,
-            self.key_sequence,
-            self.is_repeat,
-        )
+        return f"KeyPressEvent(arg={self.arg!r}, key_sequence={self.key_sequence!r}, is_repeat={self.is_repeat!r})"
 
     @property
     def data(self) -> str:
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/__init__.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/__init__.py
index c5fce46..7cd0c77 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/__init__.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/__init__.py
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ And one prepared menu:
 - CompletionsMenu
 
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from .containers import (
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/containers.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/containers.py
index 100d4aa..99b4534 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/containers.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/containers.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 Container for the layout.
 (Containers can contain other containers or user interface controls.)
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
@@ -156,8 +157,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
         Any object that implements ``__pt_container__`` represents a container.
         """
 
-        def __pt_container__(self) -> AnyContainer:
-            ...
+        def __pt_container__(self) -> AnyContainer: ...
 
 
 AnyContainer = Union[Container, "MagicContainer"]
@@ -296,9 +296,9 @@ class HSplit(_Split):
 
         self.align = align
 
-        self._children_cache: SimpleCache[
-            tuple[Container, ...], list[Container]
-        ] = SimpleCache(maxsize=1)
+        self._children_cache: SimpleCache[tuple[Container, ...], list[Container]] = (
+            SimpleCache(maxsize=1)
+        )
         self._remaining_space_window = Window()  # Dummy window.
 
     def preferred_width(self, max_available_width: int) -> Dimension:
@@ -533,9 +533,9 @@ class VSplit(_Split):
 
         self.align = align
 
-        self._children_cache: SimpleCache[
-            tuple[Container, ...], list[Container]
-        ] = SimpleCache(maxsize=1)
+        self._children_cache: SimpleCache[tuple[Container, ...], list[Container]] = (
+            SimpleCache(maxsize=1)
+        )
         self._remaining_space_window = Window()  # Dummy window.
 
     def preferred_width(self, max_available_width: int) -> Dimension:
@@ -1093,7 +1093,7 @@ class Float:
         return self.height
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "Float(content=%r)" % self.content
+        return f"Float(content={self.content!r})"
 
 
 class WindowRenderInfo:
@@ -1352,12 +1352,7 @@ class ScrollOffsets:
         return to_int(self._right)
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "ScrollOffsets(top={!r}, bottom={!r}, left={!r}, right={!r})".format(
-            self._top,
-            self._bottom,
-            self._left,
-            self._right,
-        )
+        return f"ScrollOffsets(top={self._top!r}, bottom={self._bottom!r}, left={self._left!r}, right={self._right!r})"
 
 
 class ColorColumn:
@@ -1504,9 +1499,9 @@ class Window(Container):
         self.z_index = z_index
 
         # Cache for the screens generated by the margin.
-        self._ui_content_cache: SimpleCache[
-            tuple[int, int, int], UIContent
-        ] = SimpleCache(maxsize=8)
+        self._ui_content_cache: SimpleCache[tuple[int, int, int], UIContent] = (
+            SimpleCache(maxsize=8)
+        )
         self._margin_width_cache: SimpleCache[tuple[Margin, int], int] = SimpleCache(
             maxsize=1
         )
@@ -1514,7 +1509,7 @@ class Window(Container):
         self.reset()
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "Window(content=%r)" % self.content
+        return f"Window(content={self.content!r})"
 
     def reset(self) -> None:
         self.content.reset()
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/controls.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/controls.py
index c30c0ef..222e471 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/controls.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/controls.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 User interface Controls for the layout.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import time
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/dimension.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/dimension.py
index c1f05f9..2e6f5dd 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/dimension.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/dimension.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 Layout dimensions are used to give the minimum, maximum and preferred
 dimensions for containers and controls.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Union
@@ -105,15 +106,15 @@ class Dimension:
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         fields = []
         if self.min_specified:
-            fields.append("min=%r" % self.min)
+            fields.append(f"min={self.min!r}")
         if self.max_specified:
-            fields.append("max=%r" % self.max)
+            fields.append(f"max={self.max!r}")
         if self.preferred_specified:
-            fields.append("preferred=%r" % self.preferred)
+            fields.append(f"preferred={self.preferred!r}")
         if self.weight_specified:
-            fields.append("weight=%r" % self.weight)
+            fields.append(f"weight={self.weight!r}")
 
-        return "Dimension(%s)" % ", ".join(fields)
+        return "Dimension({})".format(", ".join(fields))
 
 
 def sum_layout_dimensions(dimensions: list[Dimension]) -> Dimension:
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/dummy.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/dummy.py
index 139f311..1ee3e6c 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/dummy.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/dummy.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 Dummy layout. Used when somebody creates an `Application` without specifying a
 `Layout`.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from prompt_toolkit.formatted_text import HTML
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/layout.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/layout.py
index a5e7a80..f9b7110 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/layout.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/layout.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Wrapper for the layout.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Generator, Iterable, Union
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/margins.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/margins.py
index cc9dd96..737a74d 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/margins.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/margins.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Margin implementations for a :class:`~prompt_toolkit.layout.containers.Window`.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ class NumberedMargin(Margin):
 
     def get_width(self, get_ui_content: Callable[[], UIContent]) -> int:
         line_count = get_ui_content().line_count
-        return max(3, len("%s" % line_count) + 1)
+        return max(3, len(f"{line_count}") + 1)
 
     def create_margin(
         self, window_render_info: WindowRenderInfo, width: int, height: int
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/menus.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/menus.py
index 2c2ccb6..612e8ab 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/menus.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/menus.py
@@ -212,10 +212,7 @@ def _get_menu_item_fragments(
     width.
     """
     if is_current_completion:
-        style_str = "class:completion-menu.completion.current {} {}".format(
-            completion.style,
-            completion.selected_style,
-        )
+        style_str = f"class:completion-menu.completion.current {completion.style} {completion.selected_style}"
     else:
         style_str = "class:completion-menu.completion " + completion.style
 
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/mouse_handlers.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/mouse_handlers.py
index 56a4edd..52deac1 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/mouse_handlers.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/mouse_handlers.py
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ class MouseHandlers:
         # over the mouse handlers of the visible region in the scrollable pane.
 
         # Map y (row) to x (column) to handlers.
-        self.mouse_handlers: defaultdict[
-            int, defaultdict[int, MouseHandler]
-        ] = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(lambda: dummy_callback))
+        self.mouse_handlers: defaultdict[int, defaultdict[int, MouseHandler]] = (
+            defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(lambda: dummy_callback))
+        )
 
     def set_mouse_handler_for_range(
         self,
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/processors.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/processors.py
index b737611..b10ecf7 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/processors.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/processors.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from a buffer before the BufferControl will render it to the screen.
 They can insert fragments before or after, or highlight fragments by replacing the
 fragment types.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
@@ -343,9 +344,9 @@ class HighlightMatchingBracketProcessor(Processor):
         self.chars = chars
         self.max_cursor_distance = max_cursor_distance
 
-        self._positions_cache: SimpleCache[
-            Hashable, list[tuple[int, int]]
-        ] = SimpleCache(maxsize=8)
+        self._positions_cache: SimpleCache[Hashable, list[tuple[int, int]]] = (
+            SimpleCache(maxsize=8)
+        )
 
     def _get_positions_to_highlight(self, document: Document) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
         """
@@ -924,11 +925,7 @@ class ConditionalProcessor(Processor):
             return Transformation(transformation_input.fragments)
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "{}(processor={!r}, filter={!r})".format(
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            self.processor,
-            self.filter,
-        )
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(processor={self.processor!r}, filter={self.filter!r})"
 
 
 class DynamicProcessor(Processor):
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/screen.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/screen.py
index 49aebbd..0f19f52 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/screen.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/screen.py
@@ -320,10 +320,4 @@ class WritePosition:
         self.height = height
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "{}(x={!r}, y={!r}, width={!r}, height={!r})".format(
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            self.xpos,
-            self.ypos,
-            self.width,
-            self.height,
-        )
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(x={self.xpos!r}, y={self.ypos!r}, width={self.width!r}, height={self.height!r})"
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/utils.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/utils.py
index 0f78f37..373fe52 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/utils.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/layout/utils.py
@@ -36,12 +36,10 @@ class _ExplodedList(List[_T]):
     # TODO: When creating a copy() or [:], return also an _ExplodedList.
 
     @overload
-    def __setitem__(self, index: SupportsIndex, value: _T) -> None:
-        ...
+    def __setitem__(self, index: SupportsIndex, value: _T) -> None: ...
 
     @overload
-    def __setitem__(self, index: slice, value: Iterable[_T]) -> None:
-        ...
+    def __setitem__(self, index: slice, value: Iterable[_T]) -> None: ...
 
     def __setitem__(
         self, index: SupportsIndex | slice, value: _T | Iterable[_T]
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/lexers/__init__.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/lexers/__init__.py
index 9bdc599..8f72d07 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/lexers/__init__.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/lexers/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 Lexer interface and implementations.
 Used for syntax highlighting.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from .base import DynamicLexer, Lexer, SimpleLexer
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/lexers/base.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/lexers/base.py
index 3f65f8e..c61e2b9 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/lexers/base.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/lexers/base.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Base classes for prompt_toolkit lexers.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/lexers/pygments.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/lexers/pygments.py
index 4721d73..d5a39c4 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/lexers/pygments.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/lexers/pygments.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ Adaptor classes for using Pygments lexers within prompt_toolkit.
 This includes syntax synchronization code, so that we don't have to start
 lexing at the beginning of a document, when displaying a very large text.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/log.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/log.py
index adb5172..2853579 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/log.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/log.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Logging configuration.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/mouse_events.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/mouse_events.py
index 743773b..f244f8e 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/mouse_events.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/mouse_events.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ through the `Window` class where the coordinates are translated from absolute
 coordinates to coordinates relative to the user control, and there
 `UIControl.mouse_handler` is called.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from enum import Enum
@@ -81,9 +82,4 @@ class MouseEvent:
         self.modifiers = modifiers
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "MouseEvent({!r},{!r},{!r},{!r})".format(
-            self.position,
-            self.event_type,
-            self.button,
-            self.modifiers,
-        )
+        return f"MouseEvent({self.position!r},{self.event_type!r},{self.button!r},{self.modifiers!r})"
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/output/base.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/output/base.py
index 3c38cec..6ba09fd 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/output/base.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/output/base.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Interface for an output.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/output/vt100.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/output/vt100.py
index 142deab..069636b 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/output/vt100.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/output/vt100.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ A lot of thanks, regarding outputting of colors, goes to the Pygments project:
 everything has been highly optimized.)
 http://pygments.org/
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import io
@@ -521,7 +522,7 @@ class Vt100_Output(Output):
             "eterm-color",
         ):  # Not supported by the Linux console.
             self.write_raw(
-                "\x1b]2;%s\x07" % title.replace("\x1b", "").replace("\x07", "")
+                "\x1b]2;{}\x07".format(title.replace("\x1b", "").replace("\x07", ""))
             )
 
     def clear_title(self) -> None:
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/output/win32.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/output/win32.py
index edeca09..83ccea4 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/output/win32.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/output/win32.py
@@ -73,11 +73,11 @@ class NoConsoleScreenBufferError(Exception):
 
         if xterm:
             message = (
-                "Found %s, while expecting a Windows console. "
+                "Found {}, while expecting a Windows console. "
                 'Maybe try to run this program using "winpty" '
                 "or run it in cmd.exe instead. Or otherwise, "
                 "in case of Cygwin, use the Python executable "
-                "that is compiled for Cygwin." % os.environ["TERM"]
+                "that is compiled for Cygwin.".format(os.environ["TERM"])
             )
         else:
             message = "No Windows console found. Are you running cmd.exe?"
@@ -163,13 +163,13 @@ class Win32Output(Output):
         self.flush()
 
         if _DEBUG_RENDER_OUTPUT:
-            self.LOG.write(("%r" % func.__name__).encode("utf-8") + b"\n")
+            self.LOG.write((f"{func.__name__!r}").encode() + b"\n")
             self.LOG.write(
-                b"     " + ", ".join(["%r" % i for i in a]).encode("utf-8") + b"\n"
+                b"     " + ", ".join([f"{i!r}" for i in a]).encode("utf-8") + b"\n"
             )
             self.LOG.write(
                 b"     "
-                + ", ".join(["%r" % type(i) for i in a]).encode("utf-8")
+                + ", ".join([f"{type(i)!r}" for i in a]).encode("utf-8")
                 + b"\n"
             )
             self.LOG.flush()
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ class Win32Output(Output):
         data = "".join(self._buffer)
 
         if _DEBUG_RENDER_OUTPUT:
-            self.LOG.write(("%r" % data).encode("utf-8") + b"\n")
+            self.LOG.write((f"{data!r}").encode() + b"\n")
             self.LOG.flush()
 
         # Print characters one by one. This appears to be the best solution
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/patch_stdout.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/patch_stdout.py
index 528bec7..4958e9d 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/patch_stdout.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/patch_stdout.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ Usage::
 Multiple applications can run in the body of the context manager, one after the
 other.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/renderer.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/renderer.py
index 5ad1dd6..3f92303 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/renderer.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/renderer.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 Renders the command line on the console.
 (Redraws parts of the input line that were changed.)
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from asyncio import FIRST_COMPLETED, Future, ensure_future, sleep, wait
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/search.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/search.py
index fd90a04..d1cf7ac 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/search.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/search.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ For the key bindings implementation with attached filters, check
 `prompt_toolkit.key_binding.bindings.search`. (Use these for new key bindings
 instead of calling these function directly.)
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from enum import Enum
@@ -59,12 +60,7 @@ class SearchState:
         self.ignore_case = to_filter(ignore_case)
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "{}({!r}, direction={!r}, ignore_case={!r})".format(
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            self.text,
-            self.direction,
-            self.ignore_case,
-        )
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.text!r}, direction={self.direction!r}, ignore_case={self.ignore_case!r})"
 
     def __invert__(self) -> SearchState:
         """
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/selection.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/selection.py
index 2158fa9..ff88535 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/selection.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/selection.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Data structures for the selection.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from enum import Enum
@@ -54,8 +55,4 @@ class SelectionState:
         self.shift_mode = True
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "{}(original_cursor_position={!r}, type={!r})".format(
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            self.original_cursor_position,
-            self.type,
-        )
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(original_cursor_position={self.original_cursor_position!r}, type={self.type!r})"
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/shortcuts/progress_bar/base.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/shortcuts/progress_bar/base.py
index 21aa1be..a7c2a52 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/shortcuts/progress_bar/base.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/shortcuts/progress_bar/base.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ Progress bar implementation on top of prompt_toolkit.
         for item in pb(data):
             ...
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import contextvars
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/shortcuts/progress_bar/formatters.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/shortcuts/progress_bar/formatters.py
index dd0339c..202949c 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/shortcuts/progress_bar/formatters.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/shortcuts/progress_bar/formatters.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 Formatter classes for the progress bar.
 Each progress bar consists of a list of these formatters.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import datetime
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ class Percentage(Formatter):
     Display the progress as a percentage.
     """
 
-    template = "<percentage>{percentage:>5}%</percentage>"
+    template = HTML("<percentage>{percentage:>5}%</percentage>")
 
     def format(
         self,
@@ -138,7 +139,7 @@ class Percentage(Formatter):
         progress: ProgressBarCounter[object],
         width: int,
     ) -> AnyFormattedText:
-        return HTML(self.template).format(percentage=round(progress.percentage, 1))
+        return self.template.format(percentage=round(progress.percentage, 1))
 
     def get_width(self, progress_bar: ProgressBar) -> AnyDimension:
         return D.exact(6)
@@ -149,7 +150,9 @@ class Bar(Formatter):
     Display the progress bar itself.
     """
 
-    template = "<bar>{start}<bar-a>{bar_a}</bar-a><bar-b>{bar_b}</bar-b><bar-c>{bar_c}</bar-c>{end}</bar>"
+    template = HTML(
+        "<bar>{start}<bar-a>{bar_a}</bar-a><bar-b>{bar_b}</bar-b><bar-c>{bar_c}</bar-c>{end}</bar>"
+    )
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -202,7 +205,7 @@ class Bar(Formatter):
         bar_b = sym_b
         bar_c = sym_c * (width - pb_a)
 
-        return HTML(self.template).format(
+        return self.template.format(
             start=self.start, end=self.end, bar_a=bar_a, bar_b=bar_b, bar_c=bar_c
         )
 
@@ -215,7 +218,7 @@ class Progress(Formatter):
     Display the progress as text.  E.g. "8/20"
     """
 
-    template = "<current>{current:>3}</current>/<total>{total:>3}</total>"
+    template = HTML("<current>{current:>3}</current>/<total>{total:>3}</total>")
 
     def format(
         self,
@@ -223,7 +226,7 @@ class Progress(Formatter):
         progress: ProgressBarCounter[object],
         width: int,
     ) -> AnyFormattedText:
-        return HTML(self.template).format(
+        return self.template.format(
             current=progress.items_completed, total=progress.total or "?"
         )
 
@@ -250,6 +253,8 @@ class TimeElapsed(Formatter):
     Display the elapsed time.
     """
 
+    template = HTML("<time-elapsed>{time_elapsed}</time-elapsed>")
+
     def format(
         self,
         progress_bar: ProgressBar,
@@ -257,9 +262,7 @@ class TimeElapsed(Formatter):
         width: int,
     ) -> AnyFormattedText:
         text = _format_timedelta(progress.time_elapsed).rjust(width)
-        return HTML("<time-elapsed>{time_elapsed}</time-elapsed>").format(
-            time_elapsed=text
-        )
+        return self.template.format(time_elapsed=text)
 
     def get_width(self, progress_bar: ProgressBar) -> AnyDimension:
         all_values = [
@@ -275,7 +278,7 @@ class TimeLeft(Formatter):
     Display the time left.
     """
 
-    template = "<time-left>{time_left}</time-left>"
+    template = HTML("<time-left>{time_left}</time-left>")
     unknown = "?:??:??"
 
     def format(
@@ -290,7 +293,7 @@ class TimeLeft(Formatter):
         else:
             formatted_time_left = self.unknown
 
-        return HTML(self.template).format(time_left=formatted_time_left.rjust(width))
+        return self.template.format(time_left=formatted_time_left.rjust(width))
 
     def get_width(self, progress_bar: ProgressBar) -> AnyDimension:
         all_values = [
@@ -307,7 +310,7 @@ class IterationsPerSecond(Formatter):
     Display the iterations per second.
     """
 
-    template = (
+    template = HTML(
         "<iterations-per-second>{iterations_per_second:.2f}</iterations-per-second>"
     )
 
@@ -318,7 +321,7 @@ class IterationsPerSecond(Formatter):
         width: int,
     ) -> AnyFormattedText:
         value = progress.items_completed / progress.time_elapsed.total_seconds()
-        return HTML(self.template.format(iterations_per_second=value))
+        return self.template.format(iterations_per_second=value)
 
     def get_width(self, progress_bar: ProgressBar) -> AnyDimension:
         all_values = [
@@ -335,6 +338,7 @@ class SpinningWheel(Formatter):
     Display a spinning wheel.
     """
 
+    template = HTML("<spinning-wheel>{0}</spinning-wheel>")
     characters = r"/-\|"
 
     def format(
@@ -344,9 +348,7 @@ class SpinningWheel(Formatter):
         width: int,
     ) -> AnyFormattedText:
         index = int(time.time() * 3) % len(self.characters)
-        return HTML("<spinning-wheel>{0}</spinning-wheel>").format(
-            self.characters[index]
-        )
+        return self.template.format(self.characters[index])
 
     def get_width(self, progress_bar: ProgressBar) -> AnyDimension:
         return D.exact(1)
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/shortcuts/prompt.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/shortcuts/prompt.py
index 7274b5f..115d890 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/shortcuts/prompt.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/shortcuts/prompt.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ Example::
         s = PromptSession()
         result = s.prompt('Say something: ')
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from asyncio import get_running_loop
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/__init__.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/__init__.py
index 23f61bb..39e97ca 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/__init__.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Styling for prompt_toolkit applications.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from .base import (
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/base.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/base.py
index b50f3b0..0657221 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/base.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/base.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 The base classes for the styling.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod, abstractproperty
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/defaults.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/defaults.py
index 75b8dd2..2faba94 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/defaults.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/defaults.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 The default styling.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from prompt_toolkit.cache import memoized
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/named_colors.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/named_colors.py
index 0395c8b..b6290a4 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/named_colors.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/named_colors.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 All modern web browsers support these 140 color names.
 Taken from: https://www.w3schools.com/colors/colors_names.asp
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 __all__ = [
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/pygments.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/pygments.py
index 3e101f1..c0f6031 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/pygments.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/pygments.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ Usage::
     from pygments.styles.tango import TangoStyle
     style = style_from_pygments_cls(pygments_style_cls=TangoStyle)
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/style.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/style.py
index 1abee0f..fc8b31b 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/style.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/style.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Tool for creating styles from a dictionary.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import itertools
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ def parse_color(text: str) -> str:
     elif text in ("", "default"):
         return text
 
-    raise ValueError("Wrong color format %r" % text)
+    raise ValueError(f"Wrong color format {text!r}")
 
 
 # Attributes, when they are not filled in by a style. None means that we take
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/style_transformation.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/style_transformation.py
index fbb5a63..e8d5b0a 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/style_transformation.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/styles/style_transformation.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ When the UI is rendered, these transformations can be applied right after the
 style strings are turned into `Attrs` objects that represent the actual
 formatting.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/token.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/token.py
index a2c80e5..e97893d 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/token.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/token.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-"""
-"""
+""" """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/validation.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/validation.py
index 127445e..2b35d1f 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/validation.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/validation.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 Input validation for a `Buffer`.
 (Validators will be called before accepting input.)
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
@@ -36,11 +37,7 @@ class ValidationError(Exception):
         self.message = message
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "{}(cursor_position={!r}, message={!r})".format(
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            self.cursor_position,
-            self.message,
-        )
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(cursor_position={self.cursor_position!r}, message={self.message!r})"
 
 
 class Validator(metaclass=ABCMeta):
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/widgets/__init__.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/widgets/__init__.py
index 9d1d4e3..53cc3e1 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/widgets/__init__.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/widgets/__init__.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ module.
 Most of these widgets implement the ``__pt_container__`` method, which makes it
 possible to embed these in the layout like any other container.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from .base import (
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/widgets/base.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/widgets/base.py
index f36a545..709b7a9 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/widgets/base.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/widgets/base.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ container object.
     guarantees are made yet). The public API in
     `prompt_toolkit.shortcuts.dialogs` on the other hand is considered stable.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from functools import partial
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/widgets/dialogs.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/widgets/dialogs.py
index c47c15b..5f5f170 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/widgets/dialogs.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/widgets/dialogs.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Collection of reusable components for building full screen applications.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Sequence
diff --git a/src/prompt_toolkit/widgets/toolbars.py b/src/prompt_toolkit/widgets/toolbars.py
index deddf15..c5deffc 100644
--- a/src/prompt_toolkit/widgets/toolbars.py
+++ b/src/prompt_toolkit/widgets/toolbars.py
@@ -352,11 +352,7 @@ class ValidationToolbar:
                 )
 
                 if show_position:
-                    text = "{} (line={} column={})".format(
-                        buff.validation_error.message,
-                        row + 1,
-                        column + 1,
-                    )
+                    text = f"{buff.validation_error.message} (line={row + 1} column={column + 1})"
                 else:
                     text = buff.validation_error.message