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+---
+layout: docs
+title: Colors
+description: Convey meaning through `color` with a handful of color utility classes. Includes support for styling links with hover states, too.
+group: utilities
+toc: true
+---
+
+## Colors
+
+Colorize text with color utilities. If you want to colorize links, you can use the [`.link-*` helper classes]({{< docsref "/helpers/colored-links" >}}) which have `:hover` and `:focus` states.
+
+{{< example >}}
+{{< colors.inline >}}
+{{- range (index $.Site.Data "theme-colors") }}
+<p class="text-{{ .name }}{{ with .contrast_color }} bg-{{ . }}{{ end }}">.text-{{ .name }}</p>
+{{- end -}}
+{{< /colors.inline >}}
+<p class="text-body">.text-body</p>
+<p class="text-muted">.text-muted</p>
+<p class="text-white bg-dark">.text-white</p>
+<p class="text-black-50">.text-black-50</p>
+<p class="text-white-50 bg-dark">.text-white-50</p>
+{{< /example >}}
+
+{{< callout warning >}}
+**Deprecation:** With the addition of `.text-opacity-*` utilities and CSS variables for text utilities, `.text-black-50` and `.text-white-50` are deprecated as of v5.1.0. They'll be removed in v6.0.0.
+{{< /callout >}}
+
+{{< callout info >}}
+{{< partial "callout-warning-color-assistive-technologies.md" >}}
+{{< /callout >}}
+
+## Opacity
+
+{{< added-in "5.1.0" >}}
+
+As of v5.1.0, text color utilities are generated with Sass using CSS variables. This allows for real-time color changes without compilation and dynamic alpha transparency changes.
+
+### How it works
+
+Consider our default `.text-primary` utility.
+
+```css
+.text-primary {
+  --bs-text-opacity: 1;
+  color: rgba(var(--bs-primary-rgb), var(--bs-text-opacity)) !important;
+}
+```
+
+We use an RGB version of our `--bs-primary` (with the value of `13, 110, 253`) CSS variable and attached a second CSS variable, `--bs-text-opacity`, for the alpha transparency (with a default value `1` thanks to a local CSS variable). That means anytime you use `.text-primary` now, your computed `color` value is `rgba(13, 110, 253, 1)`. The local CSS variable inside each `.text-*` class avoids inheritance issues so nested instances of the utilities don't automatically have a modified alpha transparency.
+
+### Example
+
+To change that opacity, override `--bs-text-opacity` via custom styles or inline styles.
+
+{{< example >}}
+<div class="text-primary">This is default primary text</div>
+<div class="text-primary" style="--bs-text-opacity: .5;">This is 50% opacity primary text</div>
+{{< /example >}}
+
+Or, choose from any of the `.text-opacity` utilities:
+
+{{< example >}}
+<div class="text-primary">This is default primary text</div>
+<div class="text-primary text-opacity-75">This is 75% opacity primary text</div>
+<div class="text-primary text-opacity-50">This is 50% opacity primary text</div>
+<div class="text-primary text-opacity-25">This is 25% opacity primary text</div>
+{{< /example >}}
+
+## Specificity
+
+Sometimes contextual classes cannot be applied due to the specificity of another selector. In some cases, a sufficient workaround is to wrap your element's content in a `<div>` or more semantic element with the desired class.
+
+## Sass
+
+In addition to the following Sass functionality, consider reading about our included [CSS custom properties]({{< docsref "/customize/css-variables" >}}) (aka CSS variables) for colors and more.
+
+### Variables
+
+Most `color` utilities are generated by our theme colors, reassigned from our generic color palette variables.
+
+{{< scss-docs name="color-variables" file="scss/_variables.scss" >}}
+
+{{< scss-docs name="theme-color-variables" file="scss/_variables.scss" >}}
+
+Grayscale colors are also available, but only a subset are used to generate any utilities.
+
+{{< scss-docs name="gray-color-variables" file="scss/_variables.scss" >}}
+
+### Map
+
+Theme colors are then put into a Sass map so we can loop over them to generate our utilities, component modifiers, and more.
+
+{{< scss-docs name="theme-colors-map" file="scss/_variables.scss" >}}
+
+Grayscale colors are also available as a Sass map. **This map is not used to generate any utilities.**
+
+{{< scss-docs name="gray-colors-map" file="scss/_variables.scss" >}}
+
+RGB colors are generated from a separate Sass map:
+
+{{< scss-docs name="theme-colors-rgb" file="scss/_maps.scss" >}}
+
+And color opacities build on that with their own map that's consumed by the utilities API:
+
+{{< scss-docs name="utilities-text-colors" file="scss/_maps.scss" >}}
+
+### Utilities API
+
+Color utilities are declared in our utilities API in `scss/_utilities.scss`. [Learn how to use the utilities API.]({{< docsref "/utilities/api#using-the-api" >}})
+
+{{< scss-docs name="utils-color" file="scss/_utilities.scss" >}}