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---
layout: docs
title: Colors
description: Convey meaning through `color` with a handful of color utility classes. Includes support for styling links with hover states, too.
group: utilities
toc: true
---
## Colors
Colorize text with color utilities. If you want to colorize links, you can use the [`.link-*` helper classes]({{< docsref "/helpers/colored-links" >}}) which have `:hover` and `:focus` states.
{{< example >}}
{{< colors.inline >}}
{{- range (index $.Site.Data "theme-colors") }}
<p class="text-{{ .name }}{{ with .contrast_color }} bg-{{ . }}{{ end }}">.text-{{ .name }}</p>
{{- end -}}
{{< /colors.inline >}}
<p class="text-body">.text-body</p>
<p class="text-muted">.text-muted</p>
<p class="text-white bg-dark">.text-white</p>
<p class="text-black-50">.text-black-50</p>
<p class="text-white-50 bg-dark">.text-white-50</p>
{{< /example >}}
{{< callout warning >}}
**Deprecation:** With the addition of `.text-opacity-*` utilities and CSS variables for text utilities, `.text-black-50` and `.text-white-50` are deprecated as of v5.1.0. They'll be removed in v6.0.0.
{{< /callout >}}
{{< callout info >}}
{{< partial "callout-warning-color-assistive-technologies.md" >}}
{{< /callout >}}
## Opacity
{{< added-in "5.1.0" >}}
As of v5.1.0, text color utilities are generated with Sass using CSS variables. This allows for real-time color changes without compilation and dynamic alpha transparency changes.
### How it works
Consider our default `.text-primary` utility.
```css
.text-primary {
--bs-text-opacity: 1;
color: rgba(var(--bs-primary-rgb), var(--bs-text-opacity)) !important;
}
```
We use an RGB version of our `--bs-primary` (with the value of `13, 110, 253`) CSS variable and attached a second CSS variable, `--bs-text-opacity`, for the alpha transparency (with a default value `1` thanks to a local CSS variable). That means anytime you use `.text-primary` now, your computed `color` value is `rgba(13, 110, 253, 1)`. The local CSS variable inside each `.text-*` class avoids inheritance issues so nested instances of the utilities don't automatically have a modified alpha transparency.
### Example
To change that opacity, override `--bs-text-opacity` via custom styles or inline styles.
{{< example >}}
<div class="text-primary">This is default primary text</div>
<div class="text-primary" style="--bs-text-opacity: .5;">This is 50% opacity primary text</div>
{{< /example >}}
Or, choose from any of the `.text-opacity` utilities:
{{< example >}}
<div class="text-primary">This is default primary text</div>
<div class="text-primary text-opacity-75">This is 75% opacity primary text</div>
<div class="text-primary text-opacity-50">This is 50% opacity primary text</div>
<div class="text-primary text-opacity-25">This is 25% opacity primary text</div>
{{< /example >}}
## Specificity
Sometimes contextual classes cannot be applied due to the specificity of another selector. In some cases, a sufficient workaround is to wrap your element's content in a `<div>` or more semantic element with the desired class.
## Sass
In addition to the following Sass functionality, consider reading about our included [CSS custom properties]({{< docsref "/customize/css-variables" >}}) (aka CSS variables) for colors and more.
### Variables
Most `color` utilities are generated by our theme colors, reassigned from our generic color palette variables.
{{< scss-docs name="color-variables" file="scss/_variables.scss" >}}
{{< scss-docs name="theme-color-variables" file="scss/_variables.scss" >}}
Grayscale colors are also available, but only a subset are used to generate any utilities.
{{< scss-docs name="gray-color-variables" file="scss/_variables.scss" >}}
### Map
Theme colors are then put into a Sass map so we can loop over them to generate our utilities, component modifiers, and more.
{{< scss-docs name="theme-colors-map" file="scss/_variables.scss" >}}
Grayscale colors are also available as a Sass map. **This map is not used to generate any utilities.**
{{< scss-docs name="gray-colors-map" file="scss/_variables.scss" >}}
RGB colors are generated from a separate Sass map:
{{< scss-docs name="theme-colors-rgb" file="scss/_maps.scss" >}}
And color opacities build on that with their own map that's consumed by the utilities API:
{{< scss-docs name="utilities-text-colors" file="scss/_maps.scss" >}}
### Utilities API
Color utilities are declared in our utilities API in `scss/_utilities.scss`. [Learn how to use the utilities API.]({{< docsref "/utilities/api#using-the-api" >}})
{{< scss-docs name="utils-color" file="scss/_utilities.scss" >}}
|
